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Code of Federal Regulations (Last Updated: November 8, 2024) |
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Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space |
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Chapter I - Federal Aviation Administration, Department of Transportation |
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SubChapter C - Aircraft |
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Part 25 - Airworthiness Standards: Transport Category Airplanes |
| Subpart A - General |
| § 25.1 - Applicability. |
| § 25.2 - Special retroactive requirements. |
| § 25.3 - Special provisions for ETOPS type design approvals. |
| § 25.4 - Definitions. |
| § 25.5 - Incorporations by reference. |
| Subpart B - Flight |
| Trim |
| § 25.161 - Trim. |
| Controllability and Maneuverability |
| § 25.143 - General. |
| § 25.145 - Longitudinal control. |
| § 25.147 - Directional and lateral control. |
| § 25.149 - Minimum control speed. |
| Performance |
| § 25.101 - General. |
| § 25.103 - Stall speed. |
| § 25.105 - Takeoff. |
| § 25.107 - Takeoff speeds. |
| § 25.109 - Accelerate-stop distance. |
| § 25.111 - Takeoff path. |
| § 25.113 - Takeoff distance and takeoff run. |
| § 25.115 - Takeoff flight path. |
| § 25.117 - Climb: general. |
| § 25.119 - Landing climb: All-engines-operating. |
| § 25.121 - Climb: One-engine-inoperative. |
| § 25.123 - En route flight paths. |
| § 25.125 - Landing. |
| Stalls |
| § 25.201 - Stall demonstration. |
| § 25.203 - Stall characteristics. |
| § 25.207 - Stall warning. |
| Stability |
| § 25.171 - General. |
| § 25.173 - Static longitudinal stability. |
| § 25.175 - Demonstration of static longitudinal stability. |
| § 25.177 - Static lateral-directional stability. |
| § 25.181 - Dynamic stability. |
| General |
| § 25.21 - Proof of compliance. |
| § 25.23 - Load distribution limits. |
| § 25.25 - Weight limits. |
| § 25.27 - Center of gravity limits. |
| § 25.29 - Empty weight and corresponding center of gravity. |
| § 25.31 - Removable ballast. |
| § 25.33 - Propeller speed and pitch limits. |
| Miscellaneous Flight Requirements |
| § 25.251 - Vibration and buffeting. |
| § 25.253 - High-speed characteristics. |
| § 25.255 - Out-of-trim characteristics. |
| Ground and Water Handling Characteristics |
| § 25.231 - Longitudinal stability and control. |
| § 25.233 - Directional stability and control. |
| § 25.235 - Taxiing condition. |
| § 25.237 - Wind velocities. |
| § 25.239 - Spray characteristics, control, and stability on water. |
| Subpart C - Structure |
| Flight Maneuver and Gust Conditions |
| § 25.331 - Symmetric maneuvering conditions. |
| § 25.333 - Flight maneuvering envelope. |
| § 25.335 - Design airspeeds. |
| § 25.337 - Limit maneuvering load factors. |
| § 25.341 - Gust and turbulence loads. |
| § 25.343 - Design fuel and oil loads. |
| § 25.345 - High lift devices. |
| § 25.349 - Rolling conditions. |
| § 25.351 - Yaw maneuver conditions. |
| § 25.353 - Rudder control reversal conditions. |
| Flight Loads |
| § 25.321 - General. |
| Lightning Protection |
| § 25.581 - Lightning protection. |
| Fatigue Evaluation |
| § 25.571 - Damage-tolerance and fatigue evaluation of structure. |
| Water Loads |
| § 25.521 - General. |
| § 25.523 - Design weights and center of gravity positions. |
| § 25.525 - Application of loads. |
| § 25.527 - Hull and main float load factors. |
| § 25.529 - Hull and main float landing conditions. |
| § 25.531 - Hull and main float takeoff condition. |
| § 25.533 - Hull and main float bottom pressures. |
| § 25.535 - Auxiliary float loads. |
| § 25.537 - Seawing loads. |
| Ground Loads |
| § 25.471 - General. |
| § 25.473 - Landing load conditions and assumptions. |
| § 25.477 - Landing gear arrangement. |
| § 25.479 - Level landing conditions. |
| § 25.481 - Tail-down landing conditions. |
| § 25.483 - One-gear landing conditions. |
| § 25.485 - Side load conditions. |
| § 25.487 - Rebound landing condition. |
| § 25.489 - Ground handling conditions. |
| § 25.491 - Taxi, takeoff and landing roll. |
| § 25.493 - Braked roll conditions. |
| § 25.495 - Turning. |
| § 25.497 - Tail-wheel yawing. |
| § 25.499 - Nose-wheel yaw and steering. |
| § 25.503 - Pivoting. |
| § 25.507 - Reversed braking. |
| § 25.509 - Towing loads. |
| § 25.511 - Ground load: unsymmetrical loads on multiple-wheel units. |
| § 25.519 - Jacking and tie-down provisions. |
| Control Surface and System Loads |
| § 25.391 - Control surface loads: General. |
| § 25.393 - Loads parallel to hinge line. |
| § 25.395 - Control system. |
| § 25.397 - Control system loads. |
| § 25.399 - Dual control system. |
| § 25.405 - Secondary control system. |
| § 25.407 - Trim tab effects. |
| § 25.409 - Tabs. |
| § 25.415 - Ground gust conditions. |
| § 25.427 - Unsymmetrical loads. |
| § 25.445 - Auxiliary aerodynamic surfaces. |
| § 25.457 - Wing flaps. |
| § 25.459 - Special devices. |
| General |
| § 25.301 - Loads. |
| § 25.302 - Interaction of systems and structures. |
| § 25.303 - Factor of safety. |
| § 25.305 - Strength and deformation. |
| § 25.307 - Proof of structure. |
| Supplementary Conditions |
| § 25.361 - Engine and auxiliary power unit torque. |
| § 25.362 - Engine failure loads. |
| § 25.363 - Side load on engine and auxiliary power unit mounts. |
| § 25.365 - Pressurized compartment loads. |
| § 25.367 - Unsymmetrical loads due to engine failure. |
| § 25.371 - Gyroscopic loads. |
| § 25.373 - Speed control devices. |
| Emergency Landing Conditions |
| § 25.561 - General. |
| § 25.562 - Emergency landing dynamic conditions. |
| § 25.563 - Structural ditching provisions. |
| Subpart D - Design and Construction |
| Floats and Hulls |
| § 25.751 - Main float buoyancy. |
| § 25.753 - Main float design. |
| § 25.755 - Hulls. |
| Pressurization |
| § 25.841 - Pressurized cabins. |
| § 25.843 - Tests for pressurized cabins. |
| Control Surfaces |
| § 25.651 - Proof of strength. |
| § 25.655 - Installation. |
| § 25.657 - Hinges. |
| Fire Protection |
| § 25.851 - Fire extinguishers. |
| § 25.853 - Compartment interiors. |
| § 25.854 - Lavatory fire protection. |
| § 25.855 - Cargo or baggage compartments. |
| § 25.856 - Thermal/Acoustic insulation materials. |
| § 25.857 - Cargo compartment classification. |
| § 25.858 - Cargo or baggage compartment smoke or fire detection systems. |
| § 25.859 - Combustion heater fire protection. |
| § 25.863 - Flammable fluid fire protection. |
| § 25.865 - Fire protection of flight controls, engine mounts, and other flight structure. |
| § 25.867 - Fire protection: other components. |
| § 25.869 - Fire protection: systems. |
| Personnel and Cargo Accommodations |
| § 25.771 - Pilot compartment. |
| § 25.772 - Pilot compartment doors. |
| § 25.773 - Pilot compartment view. |
| § 25.775 - Windshields and windows. |
| § 25.777 - Cockpit controls. |
| § 25.779 - Motion and effect of cockpit controls. |
| § 25.781 - Cockpit control knob shape. |
| § 25.783 - Fuselage doors. |
| § 25.785 - Seats, berths, safety belts, and harnesses. |
| § 25.787 - Stowage compartments. |
| § 25.789 - Retention of items of mass in passenger and crew compartments and galleys. |
| § 25.791 - Passenger information signs and placards. |
| § 25.793 - Floor surfaces. |
| § 25.795 - Security considerations. |
| Emergency Provisions |
| § 25.801 - Ditching. |
| § 25.803 - Emergency evacuation. |
| § 25.807 - Emergency exits. |
| § 25.809 - Emergency exit arrangement. |
| § 25.810 - Emergency egress assist means and escape routes. |
| § 25.811 - Emergency exit marking. |
| § 25.812 - Emergency lighting. |
| § 25.813 - Emergency exit access. |
| § 25.815 - Width of aisle. |
| § 25.817 - Maximum number of seats abreast. |
| § 25.819 - Lower deck service compartments (including galleys). |
| § 25.820 - Lavatory doors. |
| General |
| § 25.601 - General. |
| § 25.603 - Materials. |
| § 25.605 - Fabrication methods. |
| § 25.607 - Fasteners. |
| § 25.609 - Protection of structure. |
| § 25.611 - Accessibility provisions. |
| § 25.613 - Material strength properties and material design values. |
| § 25.619 - Special factors. |
| § 25.621 - Casting factors. |
| § 25.623 - Bearing factors. |
| § 25.625 - Fitting factors. |
| § 25.629 - Aeroelastic stability requirements. |
| § 25.631 - Bird strike damage. |
| Landing Gear |
| § 25.721 - General. |
| § 25.723 - Shock absorption tests. |
| § 25.725 - [Reserved] |
| § 25.727 - [Reserved] |
| § 25.729 - Retracting mechanism. |
| § 25.731 - Wheels. |
| § 25.733 - Tires. |
| § 25.735 - Brakes and braking systems. |
| § 25.737 - Skis. |
| §§ 25.725--25.727 - [Reserved] |
| Miscellaneous |
| § 25.871 - Leveling means. |
| § 25.875 - Reinforcement near propellers. |
| § 25.899 - Electrical bonding and protection against static electricity. |
| Control Systems |
| § 25.671 - General. |
| § 25.672 - Stability augmentation and automatic and power-operated systems. |
| § 25.675 - Stops. |
| § 25.677 - Trim systems. |
| § 25.679 - Control system gust locks. |
| § 25.681 - Limit load static tests. |
| § 25.683 - Operation tests. |
| § 25.685 - Control system details. |
| § 25.689 - Cable systems. |
| § 25.693 - Joints. |
| § 25.697 - Lift and drag devices, controls. |
| § 25.699 - Lift and drag device indicator. |
| § 25.701 - Flap and slat interconnection. |
| § 25.703 - Takeoff warning system. |
| Ventilation and Heating |
| § 25.831 - Ventilation. |
| § 25.832 - Cabin ozone concentration. |
| § 25.833 - Combustion heating systems. |
| Subpart E - Powerplant |
| Powerplant Fire Protection |
| § 25.1181 - Designated fire zones; regions included. |
| § 25.1182 - Nacelle areas behind firewalls, and engine pod attaching structures containing flammable fluid lines. |
| § 25.1183 - Flammable fluid-carrying components. |
| § 25.1185 - Flammable fluids. |
| § 25.1187 - Drainage and ventilation of fire zones. |
| § 25.1189 - Shutoff means. |
| § 25.1191 - Firewalls. |
| § 25.1192 - Engine accessory section diaphragm. |
| § 25.1193 - Cowling and nacelle skin. |
| § 25.1195 - Fire extinguishing systems. |
| § 25.1197 - Fire extinguishing agents. |
| § 25.1199 - Extinguishing agent containers. |
| § 25.1201 - Fire extinguishing system materials. |
| § 25.1203 - Fire detector system. |
| § 25.1207 - Compliance. |
| Fuel System |
| § 25.951 - General. |
| § 25.952 - Fuel system analysis and test. |
| § 25.953 - Fuel system independence. |
| § 25.954 - Fuel system lightning protection. |
| § 25.955 - Fuel flow. |
| § 25.957 - Flow between interconnected tanks. |
| § 25.959 - Unusable fuel supply. |
| § 25.961 - Fuel system hot weather operation. |
| § 25.963 - Fuel tanks: general. |
| § 25.965 - Fuel tank tests. |
| § 25.967 - Fuel tank installations. |
| § 25.969 - Fuel tank expansion space. |
| § 25.971 - Fuel tank sump. |
| § 25.973 - Fuel tank filler connection. |
| § 25.975 - Fuel tank vents and carburetor vapor vents. |
| § 25.977 - Fuel tank outlet. |
| § 25.979 - Pressure fueling system. |
| § 25.981 - Fuel tank explosion prevention. |
| Exhaust System |
| § 25.1121 - General. |
| § 25.1123 - Exhaust piping. |
| § 25.1125 - Exhaust heat exchangers. |
| § 25.1127 - Exhaust driven turbo-superchargers. |
| Powerplant Controls and Accessories |
| § 25.1141 - Powerplant controls: general. |
| § 25.1142 - Auxiliary power unit controls. |
| § 25.1143 - Engine controls. |
| § 25.1145 - Ignition switches. |
| § 25.1147 - Mixture controls. |
| § 25.1149 - Propeller speed and pitch controls. |
| § 25.1153 - Propeller feathering controls. |
| § 25.1155 - Reverse thrust and propeller pitch settings below the flight regime. |
| § 25.1157 - Carburetor air temperature controls. |
| § 25.1159 - Supercharger controls. |
| § 25.1161 - Fuel jettisoning system controls. |
| § 25.1163 - Powerplant accessories. |
| § 25.1165 - Engine ignition systems. |
| § 25.1167 - Accessory gearboxes. |
| Oil System |
| § 25.1011 - General. |
| § 25.1013 - Oil tanks. |
| § 25.1015 - Oil tank tests. |
| § 25.1017 - Oil lines and fittings. |
| § 25.1019 - Oil strainer or filter. |
| § 25.1021 - Oil system drains. |
| § 25.1023 - Oil radiators. |
| § 25.1025 - Oil valves. |
| § 25.1027 - Propeller feathering system. |
| General |
| § 25.901 - Installation. |
| § 25.903 - Engines. |
| § 25.904 - Automatic takeoff thrust control system (ATTCS). |
| § 25.905 - Propellers. |
| § 25.907 - Propeller vibration and fatigue. |
| § 25.925 - Propeller clearance. |
| § 25.929 - Propeller deicing. |
| § 25.933 - Reversing systems. |
| § 25.934 - Turbojet engine thrust reverser system tests. |
| § 25.937 - Turbopropeller-drag limiting systems. |
| § 25.939 - Turbine engine operating characteristics. |
| § 25.941 - Inlet, engine, and exhaust compatibility. |
| § 25.943 - Negative acceleration. |
| § 25.945 - Thrust or power augmentation system. |
| Cooling |
| § 25.1041 - General. |
| § 25.1043 - Cooling tests. |
| § 25.1045 - Cooling test procedures. |
| Induction System |
| § 25.1091 - Air induction. |
| § 25.1093 - Induction system icing protection. |
| § 25.1101 - Carburetor air preheater design. |
| § 25.1103 - Induction system ducts and air duct systems. |
| § 25.1105 - Induction system screens. |
| § 25.1107 - Inter-coolers and after-coolers. |
| Fuel System Components |
| § 25.991 - Fuel pumps. |
| § 25.993 - Fuel system lines and fittings. |
| § 25.994 - Fuel system components. |
| § 25.995 - Fuel valves. |
| § 25.997 - Fuel strainer or filter. |
| § 25.999 - Fuel system drains. |
| § 25.1001 - Fuel jettisoning system. |
| Subpart F - Equipment |
| Safety Equipment |
| § 25.1411 - General. |
| § 25.1415 - Ditching equipment. |
| § 25.1419 - Ice protection. |
| § 25.1420 - Supercooled large drop icing conditions. |
| § 25.1421 - Megaphones. |
| § 25.1423 - Public address system. |
| Electrical Systems and Equipment |
| § 25.1351 - General. |
| § 25.1353 - Electrical equipment and installations. |
| § 25.1355 - Distribution system. |
| § 25.1357 - Circuit protective devices. |
| § 25.1360 - Precautions against injury. |
| § 25.1362 - Electrical supplies for emergency conditions. |
| § 25.1363 - Electrical system tests. |
| § 25.1365 - Electrical appliances, motors, and transformers. |
| Miscellaneous Equipment |
| § 25.1431 - Electronic equipment. |
| § 25.1433 - Vacuum systems. |
| § 25.1435 - Hydraulic systems. |
| § 25.1438 - Pressurization and pneumatic systems. |
| § 25.1439 - Protective breathing equipment. |
| § 25.1441 - Oxygen equipment and supply. |
| § 25.1443 - Minimum mass flow of supplemental oxygen. |
| § 25.1445 - Equipment standards for the oxygen distributing system. |
| § 25.1447 - Equipment standards for oxygen dispensing units. |
| § 25.1449 - Means for determining use of oxygen. |
| § 25.1450 - Chemical oxygen generators. |
| § 25.1453 - Protection of oxygen equipment from rupture. |
| § 25.1455 - Draining of fluids subject to freezing. |
| § 25.1457 - Cockpit voice recorders. |
| § 25.1459 - Flight data recorders. |
| § 25.1461 - Equipment containing high energy rotors. |
| General |
| § 25.1301 - Function and installation. |
| § 25.1302 - Installed systems and equipment for use by the flightcrew. |
| § 25.1303 - Flight and navigation instruments. |
| § 25.1305 - Powerplant instruments. |
| § 25.1307 - Miscellaneous equipment. |
| § 25.1309 - Equipment, systems, and installations. |
| § 25.1310 - Power source capacity and distribution. |
| § 25.1316 - Electrical and electronic system lightning protection. |
| § 25.1317 - High-intensity Radiated Fields (HIRF) Protection. |
| Instruments: Installation |
| § 25.1321 - Arrangement and visibility. |
| § 25.1322 - Flightcrew alerting. |
| § 25.1323 - Airspeed indicating system. |
| § 25.1324 - Angle of attack system. |
| § 25.1325 - Static pressure systems. |
| § 25.1326 - Pitot heat indication systems. |
| § 25.1327 - Magnetic direction indicator. |
| § 25.1329 - Flight guidance system. |
| § 25.1331 - Instruments using a power supply. |
| § 25.1333 - Instrument systems. |
| § 25.1335 - Flight director systems. |
| § 25.1337 - Powerplant instruments. |
| Lights |
| § 25.1381 - Instrument lights. |
| § 25.1383 - Landing lights. |
| § 25.1385 - Position light system installation. |
| § 25.1387 - Position light system dihedral angles. |
| § 25.1389 - Position light distribution and intensities. |
| § 25.1391 - Minimum intensities in the horizontal plane of forward and rear position lights. |
| § 25.1393 - Minimum intensities in any vertical plane of forward and rear position lights. |
| § 25.1395 - Maximum intensities in overlapping beams of forward and rear position lights. |
| § 25.1397 - Color specifications. |
| § 25.1399 - Riding light. |
| § 25.1401 - Anticollision light system. |
| § 25.1403 - Wing icing detection lights. |
| Subpart G - Operating Limitations and Information |
| § 25.1501 - General. |
| Markings and Placards |
| § 25.1541 - General. |
| § 25.1543 - Instrument markings: general. |
| § 25.1545 - Airspeed limitation information. |
| § 25.1547 - Magnetic direction indicator. |
| § 25.1549 - Powerplant and auxiliary power unit instruments. |
| § 25.1551 - Oil quantity indication. |
| § 25.1553 - Fuel quantity indicator. |
| § 25.1555 - Control markings. |
| § 25.1557 - Miscellaneous markings and placards. |
| § 25.1561 - Safety equipment. |
| § 25.1563 - Airspeed placard. |
| Airplane Flight Manual |
| § 25.1581 - General. |
| § 25.1583 - Operating limitations. |
| § 25.1585 - Operating procedures. |
| § 25.1587 - Performance information. |
| Operating Limitations |
| § 25.1503 - Airspeed limitations: general. |
| § 25.1505 - Maximum operating limit speed. |
| § 25.1507 - Maneuvering speed. |
| § 25.1511 - Flap extended speed. |
| § 25.1513 - Minimum control speed. |
| § 25.1515 - Landing gear speeds. |
| § 25.1516 - Other speed limitations. |
| § 25.1517 - Rough air speed, VRA. |
| § 25.1519 - Weight, center of gravity, and weight distribution. |
| § 25.1521 - Powerplant limitations. |
| § 25.1522 - Auxiliary power unit limitations. |
| § 25.1523 - Minimum flight crew. |
| § 25.1525 - Kinds of operation. |
| § 25.1527 - Ambient air temperature and operating altitude. |
| § 25.1529 - Instructions for Continued Airworthiness. |
| § 25.1531 - Maneuvering flight load factors. |
| § 25.1533 - Additional operating limitations. |
| § 25.1535 - ETOPS approval. |
| Subpart H - Electrical Wiring Interconnection Systems (EWIS) |
| § 25.1701 - Definition. |
| § 25.1703 - Function and installation: EWIS. |
| § 25.1705 - Systems and functions: EWIS. |
| § 25.1707 - System separation: EWIS. |
| § 25.1709 - System safety: EWIS. |
| § 25.1711 - Component identification: EWIS. |
| § 25.1713 - Fire protection: EWIS. |
| § 25.1715 - Electrical bonding and protection against static electricity: EWIS. |
| § 25.1717 - Circuit protective devices: EWIS. |
| § 25.1719 - Accessibility provisions: EWIS. |
| § 25.1721 - Protection of EWIS. |
| § 25.1723 - Flammable fluid fire protection: EWIS. |
| § 25.1725 - Powerplants: EWIS. |
| § 25.1727 - Flammable fluid shutoff means: EWIS. |
| § 25.1729 - Instructions for Continued Airworthiness: EWIS. |
| § 25.1731 - Powerplant and APU fire detector system: EWIS. |
| § 25.1733 - Fire detector systems, general: EWIS. |
| Subpart I - Special Federal Aviation Regulations |
| § 25.1801 - SFAR No. 111 - Lavatory Oxygen Systems. |
| Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 13 |
| Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 109 |
| Appendix N TO Part 25 - Fuel Tank Flammability Exposure and Reliability Analysis |
| Appendix A to Part 25 |
| Appendix B to Part 25 |
| Appendix C to Part 25 |
| Appendix D to Part 25 |
| Appendix E to Part 25 |
| Appendix F to Part 25 |
| Appendix G to Part 25 - [Reserved] |
| Appendix H to Part 25 - —Instructions for Continued Airworthiness |
| Appendix I to Part 25 - Installation of an Automatic Takeoff Thrust Control System (ATTCS) |
| Appendix J to Part 25 - Emergency Evacuation |
| Appendix K to Part 25 - Extended Operations (ETOPS) |
| Appendix L to Part 25 - HIRF Environments and Equipment HIRF Test Levels |
| Appendix M to Part 25 - Fuel Tank System Flammability Reduction Means |
| Appendix O to Part 25 - Supercooled Large Drop Icing Conditions |