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Code of Federal Regulations (Last Updated: July 5, 2024) |
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Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space |
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Chapter I - Federal Aviation Administration, Department of Transportation |
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SubChapter C - Aircraft |
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Part 27 - Airworthiness Standards: Normal Category Rotorcraft |
| Subpart A - General |
| § 27.1 - Applicability. |
| § 27.2 - Special retroactive requirements. |
| Subpart B - Flight |
| General |
| § 27.21 - Proof of compliance. |
| § 27.25 - Weight limits. |
| § 27.27 - Center of gravity limits. |
| § 27.29 - Empty weight and corresponding center of gravity. |
| § 27.31 - Removable ballast. |
| § 27.33 - Main rotor speed and pitch limits. |
| Flight Characteristics |
| § 27.141 - General. |
| § 27.143 - Controllability and maneuverability. |
| § 27.151 - Flight controls. |
| § 27.161 - Trim control. |
| § 27.171 - Stability: general. |
| § 27.173 - Static longitudinal stability. |
| § 27.175 - Demonstration of static longitudinal stability. |
| § 27.177 - Static directional stability. |
| Performance |
| § 27.45 - General. |
| § 27.49 - Performance at minimum operating speed. |
| § 27.51 - Takeoff. |
| § 27.65 - Climb: all engines operating. |
| § 27.67 - Climb: one engine inoperative. |
| § 27.71 - Autorotation performance. |
| § 27.73 - Performance at minimum operating speed. |
| § 27.75 - Landing. |
| § 27.79 - Limiting height—speed envelope. |
| § 27.87 - Height-velocity envelope. |
| Miscellaneous Flight Requirements |
| § 27.251 - Vibration. |
| Ground and Water Handling Characteristics |
| § 27.231 - General. |
| § 27.235 - Taxiing condition. |
| § 27.239 - Spray characteristics. |
| § 27.241 - Ground resonance. |
| Subpart C - Strength Requirements |
| Ground Loads |
| § 27.471 - General. |
| § 27.473 - Ground loading conditions and assumptions. |
| § 27.475 - Tires and shock absorbers. |
| § 27.477 - Landing gear arrangement. |
| § 27.479 - Level landing conditions. |
| § 27.481 - Tail-down landing conditions. |
| § 27.483 - One-wheel landing conditions. |
| § 27.485 - Lateral drift landing conditions. |
| § 27.493 - Braked roll conditions. |
| § 27.497 - Ground loading conditions: landing gear with tail wheels. |
| § 27.501 - Ground loading conditions: landing gear with skids. |
| § 27.505 - Ski landing conditions. |
| Fatigue Evaluation |
| § 27.571 - Fatigue evaluation of flight structure. |
| § 27.573 - Damage Tolerance and Fatigue Evaluation of Composite Rotorcraft Structures. |
| Emergency Landing Conditions |
| § 27.561 - General. |
| § 27.562 - Emergency landing dynamic conditions. |
| § 27.563 - Structural ditching provisions. |
| Water Loads |
| § 27.521 - Float landing conditions. |
| Control Surface and System Loads |
| § 27.391 - General. |
| § 27.395 - Control system. |
| § 27.397 - Limit pilot forces and torques. |
| § 27.399 - Dual control system. |
| § 27.411 - Ground clearance: tail rotor guard. |
| § 27.427 - Unsymmetrical loads. |
| General |
| § 27.301 - Loads. |
| § 27.303 - Factor of safety. |
| § 27.305 - Strength and deformation. |
| § 27.307 - Proof of structure. |
| § 27.309 - Design limitations. |
| Main Component Requirements |
| § 27.547 - Main rotor structure. |
| § 27.549 - Fuselage, landing gear, and rotor pylon structures. |
| Flight Loads |
| § 27.321 - General. |
| § 27.337 - Limit maneuvering load factor. |
| § 27.339 - Resultant limit maneuvering loads. |
| § 27.341 - Gust loads. |
| § 27.351 - Yawing conditions. |
| § 27.361 - Engine torque. |
| Ground Loans |
| Subpart D - Design and Construction |
| External Loads |
| § 27.865 - External loads. |
| General |
| § 27.601 - Design. |
| § 27.602 - Critical parts. |
| § 27.603 - Materials. |
| § 27.605 - Fabrication methods. |
| § 27.607 - Fasteners. |
| § 27.609 - Protection of structure. |
| § 27.610 - Lightning and static electricity protection. |
| § 27.611 - Inspection provisions. |
| § 27.613 - Material strength properties and design values. |
| § 27.619 - Special factors. |
| § 27.621 - Casting factors. |
| § 27.623 - Bearing factors. |
| § 27.625 - Fitting factors. |
| § 27.629 - Flutter. |
| Miscellaneous |
| § 27.871 - Leveling marks. |
| § 27.873 - Ballast provisions. |
| Rotors |
| § 27.653 - Pressure venting and drainage of rotor blades. |
| § 27.659 - Mass balance. |
| § 27.661 - Rotor blade clearance. |
| § 27.663 - Ground resonance prevention means. |
| Landing Gear |
| § 27.723 - Shock absorption tests. |
| § 27.725 - Limit drop test. |
| § 27.727 - Reserve energy absorption drop test. |
| § 27.729 - Retracting mechanism. |
| § 27.731 - Wheels. |
| § 27.733 - Tires. |
| § 27.735 - Brakes. |
| § 27.737 - Skis. |
| Floats and Hulls |
| § 27.751 - Main float buoyancy. |
| § 27.753 - Main float design. |
| § 27.755 - Hulls. |
| Personnel and Cargo Accommodations |
| § 27.771 - Pilot compartment. |
| § 27.773 - Pilot compartment view. |
| § 27.775 - Windshields and windows. |
| § 27.777 - Cockpit controls. |
| § 27.779 - Motion and effect of cockpit controls. |
| § 27.783 - Doors. |
| § 27.785 - Seats, berths, litters, safety belts, and harnesses. |
| § 27.787 - Cargo and baggage compartments. |
| § 27.801 - Ditching. |
| § 27.805 - Flight crew emergency exits. |
| § 27.807 - Emergency exits. |
| § 27.831 - Ventilation. |
| § 27.833 - Heaters. |
| Fire Protection |
| § 27.853 - Compartment interiors. |
| § 27.855 - Cargo and baggage compartments. |
| § 27.859 - Heating systems. |
| § 27.861 - Fire protection of structure, controls, and other parts. |
| § 27.863 - Flammable fluid fire protection. |
| Control Systems |
| § 27.671 - General. |
| § 27.672 - Stability augmentation, automatic, and power-operated systems. |
| § 27.673 - Primary flight control. |
| § 27.674 - Interconnected controls. |
| § 27.675 - Stops. |
| § 27.679 - Control system locks. |
| § 27.681 - Limit load static tests. |
| § 27.683 - Operation tests. |
| § 27.685 - Control system details. |
| § 27.687 - Spring devices. |
| § 27.691 - Autorotation control mechanism. |
| § 27.695 - Power boost and power-operated control system. |
| External Load Attaching Means |
| Subpart E - Powerplant |
| General |
| § 27.901 - Installation. |
| § 27.903 - Engines. |
| § 27.907 - Engine vibration. |
| Powerplant Fire Protection |
| § 27.1183 - Lines, fittings, and components. |
| § 27.1185 - Flammable fluids. |
| § 27.1187 - Ventilation and drainage. |
| § 27.1189 - Shutoff means. |
| § 27.1191 - Firewalls. |
| § 27.1193 - Cowling and engine compartment covering. |
| § 27.1194 - Other surfaces. |
| § 27.1195 - Fire detector systems. |
| Cooling |
| § 27.1041 - General. |
| § 27.1043 - Cooling tests. |
| § 27.1045 - Cooling test procedures. |
| Exhaust System |
| § 27.1121 - General. |
| § 27.1123 - Exhaust piping. |
| Induction System |
| § 27.1091 - Air induction. |
| § 27.1093 - Induction system icing protection. |
| Oil System |
| § 27.1011 - Engines: General. |
| § 27.1013 - Oil tanks. |
| § 27.1015 - Oil tank tests. |
| § 27.1017 - Oil lines and fittings. |
| § 27.1019 - Oil strainer or filter. |
| § 27.1021 - Oil system drains. |
| § 27.1027 - Transmissions and gearboxes: General. |
| Rotor Drive System |
| § 27.917 - Design. |
| § 27.921 - Rotor brake. |
| § 27.923 - Rotor drive system and control mechanism tests. |
| § 27.927 - Additional tests. |
| § 27.931 - Shafting critical speed. |
| § 27.935 - Shafting joints. |
| § 27.939 - Turbine engine operating characteristics. |
| Fuel System |
| § 27.951 - General. |
| § 27.952 - Fuel system crash resistance. |
| § 27.953 - Fuel system independence. |
| § 27.954 - Fuel system lightning protection. |
| § 27.955 - Fuel flow. |
| § 27.959 - Unusable fuel supply. |
| § 27.961 - Fuel system hot weather operation. |
| § 27.963 - Fuel tanks: general. |
| § 27.965 - Fuel tank tests. |
| § 27.967 - Fuel tank installation. |
| § 27.969 - Fuel tank expansion space. |
| § 27.971 - Fuel tank sump. |
| § 27.973 - Fuel tank filler connection. |
| § 27.975 - Fuel tank vents. |
| § 27.977 - Fuel tank outlet. |
| Fuel System Components |
| § 27.991 - Fuel pumps. |
| § 27.993 - Fuel system lines and fittings. |
| § 27.995 - Fuel valves. |
| § 27.997 - Fuel strainer or filter. |
| § 27.999 - Fuel system drains. |
| Powerplant Controls and Accessories |
| § 27.1141 - Powerplant controls: general. |
| § 27.1143 - Engine controls. |
| § 27.1145 - Ignition switches. |
| § 27.1147 - Mixture controls. |
| § 27.1151 - Rotor brake controls. |
| § 27.1163 - Powerplant accessories. |
| Subpart F - Equipment |
| Electrical Systems and Equipment |
| § 27.1351 - General. |
| § 27.1353 - Energy storage systems. |
| § 27.1357 - Circuit protective devices. |
| § 27.1361 - Master switch. |
| § 27.1365 - Electric cables. |
| § 27.1367 - Switches. |
| General |
| § 27.1301 - Function and installation. |
| § 27.1303 - Flight and navigation instruments. |
| § 27.1305 - Powerplant instruments. |
| § 27.1307 - Miscellaneous equipment. |
| § 27.1309 - Equipment, systems, and installations. |
| § 27.1316 - Electrical and electronic system lightning protection. |
| § 27.1317 - High-intensity Radiated Fields (HIRF) Protection. |
| Lights |
| § 27.1381 - Instrument lights. |
| § 27.1383 - Landing lights. |
| § 27.1385 - Position light system installation. |
| § 27.1387 - Position light system dihedral angles. |
| § 27.1389 - Position light distribution and intensities. |
| § 27.1391 - Minimum intensities in the horizontal plane of forward and rear position lights. |
| § 27.1393 - Minimum intensities in any vertical plane of forward and rear position lights. |
| § 27.1395 - Maximum intensities in overlapping beams of forward and rear position lights. |
| § 27.1397 - Color specifications. |
| § 27.1399 - Riding light. |
| § 27.1401 - Anticollision light system. |
| Instruments: Installation |
| § 27.1321 - Arrangement and visibility. |
| § 27.1322 - Warning, caution, and advisory lights. |
| § 27.1323 - Airspeed indicating system. |
| § 27.1325 - Static pressure systems. |
| § 27.1327 - Magnetic direction indicator. |
| § 27.1329 - Automatic pilot and flight guidance system. |
| § 27.1335 - Flight director systems. |
| § 27.1337 - Powerplant instruments. |
| Safety Equipment |
| § 27.1411 - General. |
| § 27.1413 - Safety belts. |
| § 27.1415 - Ditching equipment. |
| § 27.1419 - Ice protection. |
| § 27.1435 - Hydraulic systems. |
| § 27.1457 - Cockpit voice recorders. |
| § 27.1459 - Flight data recorders. |
| § 27.1461 - Equipment containing high energy rotors. |
| Subpart G - Operating Limitations and Information |
| § 27.1501 - General. |
| Rotorcraft Flight Manual and Approved Manual Material |
| § 27.1581 - General. |
| § 27.1583 - Operating limitations. |
| § 27.1585 - Operating procedures. |
| § 27.1587 - Performance information. |
| § 27.1589 - Loading information. |
| Markings and Placards |
| § 27.1541 - General. |
| § 27.1543 - Instrument markings: general. |
| § 27.1545 - Airspeed indicator. |
| § 27.1547 - Magnetic direction indicator. |
| § 27.1549 - Powerplant instruments. |
| § 27.1551 - Oil quantity indicator. |
| § 27.1553 - Fuel quantity indicator. |
| § 27.1555 - Control markings. |
| § 27.1557 - Miscellaneous markings and placards. |
| § 27.1559 - Limitations placard. |
| § 27.1561 - Safety equipment. |
| § 27.1565 - Tail rotor. |
| Operating Limitations |
| § 27.1503 - Airspeed limitations: general. |
| § 27.1505 - Never-exceed speed. |
| § 27.1509 - Rotor speed. |
| § 27.1519 - Weight and center of gravity. |
| § 27.1521 - Powerplant limitations. |
| § 27.1523 - Minimum flight crew. |
| § 27.1525 - Kinds of operations. |
| § 27.1527 - Maximum operating altitude. |
| § 27.1529 - Instructions for Continued Airworthiness. |
| Appendix A to Part 27 - Instructions for Continued Airworthiness |
| Appendix B to Part 27 - Airworthiness Criteria for Helicopter Instrument Flight |
| Appendix C to Part 27 - Criteria for Category A |
| Appendix D to Part 27 - HIRF Environments and Equipment HIRF Test Levels |