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Code of Federal Regulations (Last Updated: November 8, 2024) |
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Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space |
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Chapter I - Federal Aviation Administration, Department of Transportation |
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SubChapter F - Air Traffic and General Operating Rules |
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Part 91 - General Operating and Flight Rules |
| Subpart A - General |
| § 91.1 - Applicability. |
| § 91.3 - Responsibility and authority of the pilot in command. |
| § 91.5 - Pilot in command of aircraft requiring more than one required pilot. |
| § 91.7 - Civil aircraft airworthiness. |
| § 91.9 - Civil aircraft flight manual, marking, and placard requirements. |
| § 91.11 - Prohibition on interference with crewmembers. |
| § 91.13 - Careless or reckless operation. |
| § 91.15 - Dropping objects. |
| § 91.17 - Alcohol or drugs. |
| § 91.19 - Carriage of narcotic drugs, marihuana, and depressant or stimulant drugs or substances. |
| § 91.21 - Portable electronic devices. |
| § 91.23 - Truth-in-leasing clause requirement in leases and conditional sales contracts. |
| § 91.25 - Aviation Safety Reporting Program: Prohibition against use of reports for enforcement purposes. |
| §§ 91.27--91.99 - [Reserved] |
| Subpart B - Flight Rules |
| Visual Flight Rules |
| § 91.151 - Fuel requirements for flight in VFR conditions. |
| § 91.153 - VFR flight plan: Information required. |
| § 91.155 - Basic VFR weather minimums. |
| § 91.157 - Special VFR weather minimums. |
| § 91.159 - VFR cruising altitude or flight level. |
| § 91.161 - Special awareness training required for pilots flying under visual flight rules within a 60-nautical mile radius of the Washington, DC VOR/DME. |
| §§ 91.161--91.165 - [Reserved] |
| §§ 91.162--91.165 - [Reserved] |
| General |
| § 91.101 - Applicability. |
| § 91.103 - Preflight action. |
| § 91.105 - Flight crewmembers at stations. |
| § 91.107 - Use of safety belts, shoulder harnesses, and child restraint systems. |
| § 91.108 - Use of supplemental restraint systems. |
| § 91.109 - Flight instruction; Simulated instrument flight and certain flight tests. |
| § 91.111 - Operating near other aircraft. |
| § 91.113 - Right-of-way rules: Except water operations. |
| § 91.115 - Right-of-way rules: Water operations. |
| § 91.117 - Aircraft speed. |
| § 91.119 - Minimum safe altitudes: General. |
| § 91.121 - Altimeter settings. |
| § 91.123 - Compliance with ATC clearances and instructions. |
| § 91.125 - ATC light signals. |
| § 91.126 - Operating on or in the vicinity of an airport in Class G airspace. |
| § 91.127 - Operating on or in the vicinity of an airport in Class E airspace. |
| § 91.129 - Operations in Class D airspace. |
| § 91.130 - Operations in Class C airspace. |
| § 91.131 - Operations in Class B airspace. |
| § 91.133 - Restricted and prohibited areas. |
| § 91.135 - Operations in Class A airspace. |
| § 91.137 - Temporary flight restrictions in the vicinity of disaster/hazard areas. |
| § 91.138 - Temporary flight restrictions in national disaster areas in the State of Hawaii. |
| § 91.139 - Emergency air traffic rules. |
| § 91.141 - Flight restrictions in the proximity of the Presidential and other parties. |
| § 91.143 - Flight limitation in the proximity of space flight operations. |
| § 91.144 - Temporary restriction on flight operations during abnormally high barometric pressure conditions. |
| § 91.145 - Management of aircraft operations in the vicinity of aerial demonstrations and major sporting events. |
| § 91.146 - Passenger-carrying flights for the benefit of a charitable, nonprofit, or community event. |
| § 91.147 - Passenger-carrying flights for compensation or hire. |
| §§ 91.145--91.149 - [Reserved] |
| §§ 91.146--91.149 - [Reserved] |
| §§ 91.148--91.149 - [Reserved] |
| Instrument Flight Rules |
| § 91.167 - Fuel requirements for flight in IFR conditions. |
| § 91.169 - IFR flight plan: Information required. |
| § 91.171 - VOR equipment check for IFR operations. |
| § 91.173 - ATC clearance and flight plan required. |
| § 91.175 - Takeoff and landing under IFR. |
| § 91.176 - xxx |
| § 91.177 - Minimum altitudes for IFR operations. |
| § 91.179 - IFR cruising altitude or flight level. |
| § 91.180 - Operations within airspace designated as Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum airspace. |
| § 91.181 - Course to be flown. |
| § 91.183 - IFR communications. |
| § 91.185 - IFR operations: Two-way radio communications failure. |
| § 91.187 - Operation under IFR in controlled airspace: Malfunction reports. |
| § 91.189 - Category II and III operations: General operating rules. |
| § 91.191 - Category II and Category III manual. |
| § 91.193 - Certificate of authorization for certain Category II operations. |
| §§ 91.195--91.199 - [Reserved] |
| Subpart C - Equipment, Instrument, and Certificate Requirements |
| § 91.201 - [Reserved] |
| § 91.203 - Civil aircraft: Certifications required. |
| § 91.205 - Powered civil aircraft with standard category U.S. airworthiness certificates: Instrument and equipment requirements. |
| § 91.207 - Emergency locator transmitters. |
| § 91.209 - Aircraft lights. |
| § 91.211 - Supplemental oxygen. |
| § 91.213 - Inoperative instruments and equipment. |
| § 91.215 - ATC transponder and altitude reporting equipment and use. |
| § 91.217 - Data correspondence between automatically reported pressure altitude data and the pilot's altitude reference. |
| § 91.219 - Altitude alerting system or device: Turbojet-powered civil airplanes. |
| § 91.221 - Traffic alert and collision avoidance system equipment and use. |
| § 91.223 - Terrain awareness and warning system. |
| § 91.225 - Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) Out equipment and use. |
| § 91.227 - Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS–B) Out equipment performance requirements. |
| §§ 91.223--91.299 - [Reserved] |
| §§ 91.224--91.299 - [Reserved] |
| §§ 91.228--91.299 - [Reserved] |
| Subpart D - Special Flight Operations |
| § 91.301 - [Reserved] |
| § 91.303 - Aerobatic flight. |
| § 91.305 - Flight test areas. |
| § 91.307 - Parachutes and parachuting. |
| § 91.309 - Towing: Gliders and unpowered ultralight vehicles. |
| § 91.311 - Towing: Other than under § 91.309. |
| § 91.313 - Restricted category civil aircraft: Operating limitations. |
| § 91.315 - Limited category civil aircraft: Operating limitations. |
| § 91.317 - Provisionally certificated civil aircraft: Operating limitations. |
| § 91.319 - Aircraft having experimental certificates: Operating limitations. |
| § 91.321 - Carriage of candidates in elections. |
| § 91.323 - Increased maximum certificated weights for certain airplanes operated in Alaska. |
| § 91.325 - Primary category aircraft: Operating limitations. |
| § 91.326 - xxx |
| § 91.327 - Aircraft having a special airworthiness certificate in the light-sport category: Operating limitations. |
| §§ 91.326--91.399 - [Reserved] |
| §§ 91.328--91.399 - [Reserved] |
| Subpart E - Maintenance, Preventive Maintenance, and Alterations |
| § 91.401 - Applicability. |
| § 91.403 - General. |
| § 91.405 - Maintenance required. |
| § 91.407 - Operation after maintenance, preventive maintenance, rebuilding, or alteration. |
| § 91.409 - Inspections. |
| § 91.410 - [Reserved] |
| § 91.411 - Altimeter system and altitude reporting equipment tests and inspections. |
| § 91.413 - ATC transponder tests and inspections. |
| § 91.415 - Changes to aircraft inspection programs. |
| § 91.417 - Maintenance records. |
| § 91.419 - Transfer of maintenance records. |
| § 91.421 - Rebuilt engine maintenance records. |
| §§ 91.423--91.499 - [Reserved] |
| Subpart F - Large and Turbine-Powered Multiengine Airplanes and Fractional Ownership Program Aircraft |
| § 91.501 - Applicability. |
| § 91.503 - Flying equipment and operating information. |
| § 91.505 - Familiarity with operating limitations and emergency equipment. |
| § 91.507 - Equipment requirements: Over-the-top or night VFR operations. |
| § 91.509 - Survival equipment for overwater operations. |
| § 91.511 - Communication and navigation equipment for overwater operations. |
| § 91.513 - Emergency equipment. |
| § 91.515 - Flight altitude rules. |
| § 91.517 - Passenger information. |
| § 91.519 - Passenger briefing. |
| § 91.521 - Shoulder harness. |
| § 91.523 - Carry-on baggage. |
| § 91.525 - Carriage of cargo. |
| § 91.527 - Operating in icing conditions. |
| § 91.529 - Flight engineer requirements. |
| § 91.531 - Second in command requirements. |
| § 91.533 - Flight attendant requirements. |
| § 91.535 - Stowage of food, beverage, and passenger service equipment during aircraft movement on the surface, takeoff, and landing. |
| §§ 91.536--91.599 - [Reserved] |
| Subpart G - Additional Equipment and Operating Requirements for Large and Transport Category Aircraft |
| § 91.601 - Applicability. |
| § 91.603 - Aural speed warning device. |
| § 91.605 - Transport category civil airplane weight limitations. |
| § 91.607 - Emergency exits for airplanes carrying passengers for hire. |
| § 91.609 - Flight data recorders and cockpit voice recorders. |
| § 91.611 - Authorization for ferry flight with one engine inoperative. |
| § 91.613 - Materials for compartment interiors. |
| §§ 91.615--91.699 - [Reserved] |
| Subpart H - Foreign Aircraft Operations and Operations of U.S.-Registered Civil Aircraft Outside of the United States; and Rules Governing Persons on Board Such Aircraft |
| § 91.701 - Applicability. |
| § 91.702 - Persons on board. |
| § 91.703 - Operations of civil aircraft of U.S. registry outside of the United States. |
| § 91.705 - [Reserved] |
| § 91.706 - Operations within airspace designed as Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum Airspace. |
| § 91.707 - Flights between Mexico or Canada and the United States. |
| § 91.709 - Operations to Cuba. |
| § 91.711 - Special rules for foreign civil aircraft. |
| § 91.713 - Operation of civil aircraft of Cuban registry. |
| § 91.715 - Special flight authorizations for foreign civil aircraft. |
| §§ 91.717--91.799 - [Reserved] |
| Subpart I - Operating Noise Limits |
| § 91.801 - Applicability: Relation to part 36. |
| § 91.803 - Part 125 operators: Designation of applicable regulations. |
| § 91.805 - Final compliance: Subsonic airplanes. |
| § 91.807 - Phased compliance under parts 121, 125, and 135: Subsonic airplanes. |
| § 91.809 - Replacement airplanes. |
| § 91.811 - Service to small communities exemption: Two-engine, subsonic airplanes. |
| § 91.813 - Compliance plans and status: U.S. operations of subsonic airplanes. |
| § 91.815 - Agricultural and fire fighting airplanes: Noise operating limitations. |
| § 91.817 - Civil aircraft sonic boom. |
| § 91.818 - xxx |
| § 91.819 - Civil supersonic airplanes that do not comply with part 36. |
| § 91.821 - Civil supersonic airplanes: Noise limits. |
| § 91.851 - Definitions. |
| § 91.853 - Final compliance: Civil subsonic airplanes. |
| § 91.855 - Entry and nonaddition rule. |
| § 91.857 - Stage 2 operations outside of the 48 contiguous United States. |
| § 91.858 - Special flight authorizations for non-revenue Stage 2 operations. |
| § 91.859 - Modification to meet Stage 3, Stage 4, or Stage 5 noise levels. |
| § 91.861 - Base level. |
| § 91.863 - Transfers of Stage 2 airplanes with base level. |
| § 91.865 - Phased compliance for operators with base level. |
| § 91.867 - Phased compliance for new entrants. |
| § 91.869 - Carry-forward compliance. |
| § 91.871 - Waivers from interim compliance requirements. |
| § 91.873 - Waivers from final compliance. |
| § 91.875 - Annual progress reports. |
| § 91.877 - Annual reporting of Hawaiian operations. |
| § 91.881 - Final compliance: Civil subsonic jet airplanes weighing 75,000 pounds or less. |
| § 91.883 - Special flight authorizations for jet airplanes weighing 75,000 pounds or less. |
| §§ 91.823--91.849 - [Reserved] |
| §§ 91.884--91.899 - [Reserved] |
| §§ 91.807--91.813 - [Reserved] |
| §§ 91.879--91.880 - [Reserved] |
| §§ 91.879--91.899 - [Reserved] |
| Subpart J - Waivers |
| § 91.901 - [Reserved] |
| § 91.903 - Policy and procedures. |
| § 91.905 - List of rules subject to waivers. |
| Appendixes to Part 91 - [Reserved] |
| §§ 91.907--91.999 - [Reserved] |
| Subpart K - Fractional Ownership Operations |
| § 91.1001 - Applicability. |
| § 91.1002 - Compliance date. |
| § 91.1003 - Management contract between owner and program manager. |
| § 91.1005 - Prohibitions and limitations. |
| § 91.1007 - Flights conducted under part 121 or part 135 of this chapter. |
| Program Management |
| § 91.1014 - Issuing or denying management specifications. |
| § 91.1015 - Management specifications. |
| § 91.1017 - Amending program manager's management specifications. |
| § 91.1019 - Conducting tests and inspections. |
| § 91.1021 - Internal safety reporting and incident/accident response. |
| § 91.1023 - Program operating manual requirements. |
| § 91.1025 - Program operating manual contents. |
| § 91.1027 - Recordkeeping. |
| § 91.1029 - Flight scheduling and locating requirements. |
| § 91.1031 - Pilot in command or second in command: Designation required. |
| § 91.1033 - Operating information required. |
| § 91.1035 - Passenger awareness. |
| § 91.1037 - Large transport category airplanes: Turbine engine powered; Limitations; Destination and alternate airports. |
| § 91.1039 - IFR takeoff, approach and landing minimums. |
| § 91.1041 - Aircraft proving and validation tests. |
| § 91.1043 - [Reserved] |
| § 91.1045 - Additional equipment requirements. |
| § 91.1047 - Drug and alcohol misuse education program. |
| § 91.1049 - Personnel. |
| § 91.1050 - Employment of former FAA employees. |
| § 91.1051 - Pilot safety background check. |
| § 91.1053 - Crewmember experience. |
| § 91.1055 - Pilot operating limitations and pairing requirement. |
| § 91.1057 - Flight, duty and rest time requirements: All crewmembers. |
| § 91.1059 - Flight time limitations and rest requirements: One or two pilot crews. |
| § 91.1061 - Augmented flight crews. |
| § 91.1062 - Duty periods and rest requirements: Flight attendants. |
| § 91.1063 - Testing and training: Applicability and terms used. |
| § 91.1065 - Initial and recurrent pilot testing requirements. |
| § 91.1067 - Initial and recurrent flight attendant crewmember testing requirements. |
| § 91.1069 - Flight crew: Instrument proficiency check requirements. |
| § 91.1071 - Crewmember: Tests and checks, grace provisions, training to accepted standards. |
| § 91.1073 - Training program: General. |
| § 91.1075 - Training program: Special rules. |
| § 91.1077 - Training program and revision: Initial and final approval. |
| § 91.1079 - Training program: Curriculum. |
| § 91.1081 - Crewmember training requirements. |
| § 91.1083 - Crewmember emergency training. |
| § 91.1085 - Hazardous materials recognition training. |
| § 91.1087 - Approval of aircraft simulators and other training devices. |
| § 91.1089 - Qualifications: Check pilots (aircraft) and check pilots (simulator). |
| § 91.1091 - Qualifications: Flight instructors (aircraft) and flight instructors (simulator). |
| § 91.1093 - Initial and transition training and checking: Check pilots (aircraft), check pilots (simulator). |
| § 91.1095 - Initial and transition training and checking: Flight instructors (aircraft), flight instructors (simulator). |
| § 91.1097 - Pilot and flight attendant crewmember training programs. |
| § 91.1099 - Crewmember initial and recurrent training requirements. |
| § 91.1101 - Pilots: Initial, transition, and upgrade ground training. |
| § 91.1103 - Pilots: Initial, transition, upgrade, requalification, and differences flight training. |
| § 91.1105 - Flight attendants: Initial and transition ground training. |
| § 91.1107 - Recurrent training. |
| § 91.1109 - Aircraft maintenance: Inspection program. |
| § 91.1111 - Maintenance training. |
| § 91.1113 - Maintenance recordkeeping. |
| § 91.1115 - Inoperable instruments and equipment. |
| § 91.1411 - Continuous airworthiness maintenance program use by fractional ownership program manager. |
| § 91.1413 - CAMP: Responsibility for airworthiness. |
| § 91.1415 - CAMP: Mechanical reliability reports. |
| § 91.1417 - CAMP: Mechanical interruption summary report. |
| § 91.1423 - CAMP: Maintenance organization. |
| § 91.1425 - CAMP: Maintenance, preventive maintenance, and alteration programs. |
| § 91.1427 - CAMP: Manual requirements. |
| § 91.1429 - CAMP: Required inspection personnel. |
| § 91.1431 - CAMP: Continuing analysis and surveillance. |
| § 91.1433 - CAMP: Maintenance and preventive maintenance training program. |
| § 91.1435 - CAMP: Certificate requirements. |
| § 91.1437 - CAMP: Authority to perform and approve maintenance. |
| § 91.1439 - CAMP: Maintenance recording requirements. |
| § 91.1441 - CAMP: Transfer of maintenance records. |
| § 91.1443 - CAMP: Airworthiness release or aircraft maintenance log entry. |
| Operational Control |
| § 91.1009 - Clarification of operational control. |
| § 91.1011 - Operational control responsibilities and delegation. |
| § 91.1013 - Operational control briefing and acknowledgment. |
| Subpart L - Continued Airworthiness and Safety Improvements |
| § 91.1501 - Purpose and definition. |
| § 91.1503 - [Reserved] |
| § 91.1505 - Repairs assessment for pressurized fuselages. |
| § 91.1507 - Fuel tank system inspection program. |
| Subpart M - Special Federal Aviation Regulations |
| § 91.1603 - Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 112 - Prohibition Against Certain Flights in the Territory and Airspace of Libya. |
| § 91.1605 - Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 77—Prohibition Against Certain Flights in the Baghdad Flight Information Region (FIR) (ORBB). |
| § 91.1607 - [Reserved] |
| § 91.1609 - Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 114—Prohibition Against Certain Flights in the Damascus Flight Information Region (FIR) (OSTT). |
| § 91.1611 - Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 115—Prohibition Against Certain Flights in Specified Areas of the Sanaa Flight Information Region (FIR) (OYSC). |
| § 91.1613 - Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 107—Prohibition Against Certain Flights in the Territory and Airspace of Somalia. |
| § 91.1615 - Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 79—Prohibition Against Certain Flights in the Pyongyang Flight Information Region (FIR) (ZKKP). |
| § 91.1617 - Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 117—Prohibition Against Certain Flights in the Tehran Flight Information Region (FIR) (OIIX). |
| § 91.1619 - Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 119—Prohibition Against Certain Flights in the Kabul Flight Information Region (FIR) (OAKX). |
| Subpart N - Mitsubishi MU-2B Series Special Training, Experience, and Operating Requirements |
| § 91.1701 - Applicability. |
| § 91.1703 - Compliance and eligibility. |
| § 91.1705 - Required pilot training. |
| § 91.1707 - Training program hours. |
| § 91.1709 - Training program approval. |
| § 91.1711 - Aeronautical experience. |
| § 91.1713 - Instruction, checking, and evaluation. |
| § 91.1715 - Currency requirements and flight review. |
| § 91.1717 - Operating requirements. |
| § 91.1719 - Credit for prior training. |
| § 91.1721 - Incorporation by reference. |
| SFAR NO. 91 - AIRCRAFT SECURITY UNDER GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES |
| SFAR NO. 94 - Enhanced Security Procedures for Operations at Certain Airports in the Washington, DC Metropolitan Area Special Flight Rules Area |
| Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 51-1 - Special Flight Rules in the Vicinity of Los Angeles International Airport |
| Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 65-1 - Prohibition Against Certain Flights Between the United States and Libya |
| Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 118-1 - Relief for Certain Persons During the National Emergency Concerning the Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Public Health Emergency |
| Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 50-2 - Special Flight Rules in the Vicinity of the Grand Canyon National Park, AZ |
| Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 61-2 - Prohibition Against Certain Flights Between the United States and Iraq |
| Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 66-2 - Prohibition Against Certain Flights between the United States and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) |
| Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 118-2 - Relief for Certain Persons During the National Emergency Concerning the Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Public Health Emergency |
| Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 60 - Air Traffic Control System Emergency Operation |
| Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 62 - Suspension of Certain Aircraft Operations from the Transponder with Automatic Pressure Altitude Reporting Capability Requirement |
| Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 64 - Special Flight Authorizations for Noise Restricted Aircraft |
| Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 67 - Prohibition Against Cetrain Flights Within the Territory and Airspace of Afghanistan |
| Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 71 - Special Operating Rules for Air Tour Operators in the State of Hawaii |
| Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 77 - Prohibition Against Certain Flights Within the Territory and Airspace of Iraq |
| Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 78 - Special Operating Rules for Commercial Air Tour Operators in the Vicinity of the Rocky Mountain National Park |
| Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 79 - Prohibition Against Certain Flights Within the Flight Information Region (FIR) of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) |
| Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 87 - Prohibition Against Certain Flights Within the Territory and Airspace of Ethiopia |
| Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 104 - Prohibition Against Certain Flights by Syrian Air Carriers to the United States |
| Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 107 - Prohibition Against Certain Flights Within the Territory and Airspace of Somalia |
| Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 108 - Mitsubishi MU-2B Series Special Training, Experience, and Operating Requirements |
| Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 118 - Relief for Certain Persons During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak |
| Appendixes B - C [Reserved] |
| Appendix A to Part 91 - Category II Operations: Manual, Instruments, Equipment, and Maintenance |
| Appendix B to Part 91 - Authorizations To Exceed Mach 1 (§ 91.817) |
| Appendix C to Part 91 - [Reserved] |
| Appendix D to Part 91 - Airports/Locations: Special Operating Restrictions |
| Appendix E to Part 91 - Airplane Flight Recorder Specifications |
| Appendix F to Part 91 - Helicopter Flight Recorder Specifications |
| Appendix G to Part 91 - Operations in Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum (RVSM) Airspace |
| Special Federal AviationRegulation No. 90 - Prohibition Against Certain Flights Within the Territory and Airspace of Afghanistan |