Part 17 - Medical  


§ 17.190 - Recognition of a State home.
§ 17.191 - Filing applications.
§ 17.192 - Approval of annexes and new facilities.
§ 17.193 - Prerequisites for payments to State homes.
§ 17.194 - Aid for domiciliary care.
§ 17.196 - Aid for hospital care.
§ 17.197 - Amount of aid payable.
§ 17.198 - Department of Veterans Affairs approval of eligibility required.
§ 17.199 - Inspection of recognized State homes.
§ 17.200 - Audit of State homes.
§ 17.212 - Scope of grants program.
§ 17.213 - Applications with respect to projects.
§ 17.214 - Disallowance of a grant application and notice of a right to hearing.
§ 17.215 - Recapture provisions.
§ 17.216 - General program requirements for construction and acquisition of and equipment for State home facilities.
§ 17.217 - Domiciliary and nursing home care program.
§ 17.218 - State home hospital program.
§ 17.219 - Preapplication phase.
§ 17.220 - Application phase.
§ 17.221 - Equipment.
§ 17.222 - General design guidelines and standards.
§§ 17.3100--17.3130 - xxx
Delegation of Authority
§ 17.142 - Authority to approve sharing agreements, contracts for scarce medical specialist services and contracts for other medical services.
Educational Assistance for Certain Former Members of the Armed Forces
§ 17.535 - Purpose.
§ 17.536 - Eligibility.
§ 17.537 - Award procedures.
§ 17.538 - Agreement and obligated service.
§ 17.539 - Failure to comply with terms and conditions of agreement.
Hospital Care and Medical Services for Spouses and Families
§ 17.410 - Hospital care and medical services for Camp Lejeune family members.
§ 17.412 - Fertility counseling and treatment for certain spouses.
Veterans Healing Veterans Medical Access and Scholarship Program
§ 17.613 - Purpose.
§ 17.614 - Definitions.
§ 17.615 - Eligibility.
§ 17.616 - Award procedures.
§ 17.617 - Agreement and obligated service.
§ 17.618 - Failure to comply with terms and conditions of agreement.
§§ 17.613--17.618 - [Reserved]
Center for Innovation for Care and Payment
§ 17.450 - Center for Innovation for Care and Payment.
Specialty Education Loan Repayment Program
§ 17.525 - Purpose.
§ 17.526 - Definitions.
§ 17.527 - Eligibility.
§ 17.528 - Application.
§ 17.529 - Award procedures.
§ 17.530 - Agreement and obligated service.
§ 17.531 - Failure to comply with terms and conditions of agreement.
§§ 17.525--17.531 - xxx
Sharing of Medical Facilities, Equipment, and Information
§ 17.230 - Contingency backup to the Department of Defense.
§ 17.240 - Sharing health-care resources.
§ 17.241 - Sharing medical information services.
§ 17.242 - Coordination of programs with Department of Health and Human Services.
VA Homeless Providers Grant and Per Diem Program
§ 17.704 - Grants for new construction.
§ 17.706 - Matching requirements.
§ 17.707 - Limitations on use of assistance.
§ 17.708 - Notice of fund availability (NOFA).
§ 17.709 - Grant award process.
§ 17.711 - Rating criteria for applications.
§ 17.712 - Selecting applications.
§ 17.713 - Obtaining additional information and awarding grants.
§ 17.714 - Environmental review requirements.
§ 17.716 - Eligibility to receive per diem payments.
§ 17.717 - Request for recognition of eligibility.
§ 17.718 - Approval of annexes and new facilities.
§ 17.719 - Amount of aid payable.
§ 17.721 - Inspections.
§ 17.722 - Prerequisite for payment of aid.
§ 17.723 - Audit of recipients of aid.
§ 17.724 - General operation.
§ 17.726 - Resident rent.
§ 17.727 - Grant agreement.
§ 17.728 - Program changes.
§ 17.729 - Obligation and deobligation of funds.
§ 17.731 - Site control.
Payment or Reimbursement for Emergency Services for Nonservice-Connected Conditions in Non-VA Facilities
§ 17.1000 - Payment or reimbursement for emergency services for nonservice-connected conditions in non-VA facilities.
§ 17.1001 - Definitions.
§ 17.1002 - Substantive conditions for payment or reimbursement.
§ 17.1003 - Emergency transportation.
§ 17.1004 - Filing claims.
§ 17.1005 - Payment limitations.
§ 17.1006 - Decisionmakers.
§ 17.1007 - Independent right of recovery.
§ 17.1008 - Balance billing prohibited.
Autopsies
§ 17.170 - Autopsies.
Payment and Reimbursement of the Expenses of Medical Services Not Previously Authorized
§ 17.120 - Payment or reimbursement for emergency treatment furnished by non-VA providers to certain veterans with service-connected disabilities.
§ 17.121 - Limitations on payment or reimbursement of the costs of emergency treatment not previously authorized.
§ 17.122 - [Reserved]
§ 17.123 - Claimants.
§ 17.124 - Preparation of claims.
§ 17.125 - Where to file claims.
§ 17.126 - Timely filing.
§ 17.127 - Date of filing claims.
§ 17.128 - Allowable rates and fees.
§ 17.129 - Retroactive payments prohibited.
§ 17.130 - Payment for treatment dependent upon preference prohibited.
§ 17.131 - Payment of abandoned claims prohibited.
§ 17.132 - Appeals.
Dental Services
§ 17.160 - Authorization of dental examinations.
§ 17.161 - Authorization of outpatient dental treatment.
§ 17.162 - Eligibility for Class II dental treatment without rating action.
§ 17.163 - Posthospital outpatient dental treatment.
§ 17.164 - Patient responsibility in making and keeping dental appointments.
§ 17.165 - Emergency outpatient dental treatment.
§ 17.166 - Dental services for hospital or nursing home patients and domiciled members.
§ 17.169 - VA Dental Insurance Program for veterans and survivors and dependents of veterans (VADIP).
In Vitro Fertilization and Reimbursement of Adoption Expenses
§ 17.380 - In vitro fertilization treatment.
§ 17.390 - Reimbursement for qualifying adoption expenses incurred by certain veterans.
§ 17.395 - xxx
Medical Care for Survivors and Dependents of Certain Veterans
§ 17.84 - Medical care for survivors and dependents of certain veterans.
Home Improvements and Structural Alterations (HISA) Program
§ 17.3100 - Purpose and scope.
§ 17.3101 - Definitions.
§ 17.3102 - Eligibility.
§ 17.3105 - HISA benefit lifetime limits.
§ 17.3120 - Application for HISA benefits.
§ 17.3125 - Approving HISA benefits applications.
§ 17.3126 - Disapproving HISA benefits applications.
§ 17.3130 - HISA benefits payment procedures.
§§ 17.3121--17.3124 - [Reserved]
§§ 17.3103--17.3104 - [Reserved]
§§ 17.3106--17.3119 - [Reserved]
§§ 17.3127--17.3129 - [Reserved]
Care During Certain Disasters and Emergencies
§ 17.86 - Provision of hospital care and medical services during certain disasters and emergencies under 38 U.S.C. 1785.
Clinical Laboratory Standards
Grants for Exchange of Information
§ 17.250 - Scope of the grant program.
§ 17.251 - The Subcommittee on Academic Affairs.
§ 17.252 - Ex officio member of subcommittee.
§ 17.253 - Applicants for grants.
§ 17.254 - Applications.
§ 17.255 - Applications for grants for programs which include construction projects.
§ 17.256 - Amended or supplemental applications.
§ 17.257 - Awards procedures.
§ 17.258 - Terms and conditions to which awards are subject.
§ 17.259 - Direct costs.
§ 17.260 - Patient care costs to be excluded from direct costs.
§ 17.261 - Indirect costs.
§ 17.262 - Authority to approve applications discretionary.
§ 17.263 - Suspension and termination procedures.
§ 17.264 - Recoupments and releases.
§ 17.265 - Payments.
§ 17.266 - Copyrights and patents.
Hospital Care and Medical Services for Camp Lejeune Veterans and Families
§ 17.400 - Hospital care and medical services for Camp Lejeune veterans.
Nursing Services
Reimbursement for Loss by Natural Disaster of Personal Effects of Hospitalized or Nursing Home Patients
§ 17.113 - Conditions of custody.
§ 17.114 - Submittal of claim for reimbursement.
§ 17.115 - Claims in cases of incompetent patients.
Civilian Health and Medical Program of the Department of Veterans Affairs (CHAMPVA)—Medical Care for Survivors and Dependents of Certain Veterans
§ 17.272 - Benefits limitations/exclusions.
§ 17.273 - Preauthorization.
§ 17.274 - Cost sharing.
Hospital Care, Medical Services, and Other Services for Live Donors
Use of Services of Other Federal Agencies
§ 17.80 - Alcohol and drug dependence or abuse treatment and rehabilitation in residential and nonresidential facilities by contract.
§ 17.81 - Contracts for residential treatment services for veterans with alcohol or drug dependence or abuse disabilities.
§ 17.82 - Contracts for outpatient services for veterans with alcohol or drug dependence or abuse disabilities.
§ 17.83 - Limitations on payment for alcohol and drug dependence or abuse treatment and rehabilitation.
Definitions and Active Duty
§ 17.1 - Incorporation by reference.
§ 17.30 - Definitions.
§ 17.31 - Duty periods defined.
Health Care Benefits for Certain Children of Vietnam Veterans and Veterans with Covered Service in Korea—Spina Bifida and Covered Birth Defects
Automotive Equipment and Driver Training
§ 17.155 - Minimum standards of safety and quality for automotive adaptive equipment.
§ 17.156 - Eligibility for automobile adaptive equipment.
§ 17.157 - Definitions.
§ 17.158 - Limitations on assistance.
§ 17.159 - Obtaining vehicles for special driver training courses.
Examinations and Observation and Examination
§ 17.41 - Persons eligible for hospital observation and physical examination.
§ 17.42 - Examinations on an outpatient basis.
Authority of Health Care Providers to Practice in VA
§ 17.415 - Full practice authority for advanced practice registered nurses.
§ 17.419 - Health care professionals' practice in VA.
Aid to States for Care of Veterans in State Homes
§ 17.195 - Aid for nursing home care.
Transportation of Claimants and Beneficiaries
§ 17.143 - Transportation of claimants and beneficiaries.
§ 17.144 - Limitations.
§ 17.145 - Approval of unauthorized travel of claimants and beneficiaries.
Health Care Benefits for Certain Children of Vietnam Veterans—Spina Bifida and Covered Birth Defects
Delegations of Authority
§ 17.140 - Authority to adjudicate reimbursement claims.
§ 17.141 - Authority to adjudicate foreign reimbursement claims.
Confidentiality of Healthcare Quality Assurance Review Records
§ 17.500 - General.
§ 17.501 - Confidential and privileged documents.
§ 17.502 - Applicability of other statutes.
§ 17.503 - Improper disclosure.
§ 17.504 - Disclosure methods.
§ 17.505 - Disclosure authorities.
§ 17.506 - Appeal of decision by Veterans Health Administration to deny disclosure.
§ 17.507 - Employee responsibilities.
§ 17.508 - Access to quality assurance records and documents within the agency.
§ 17.509 - Authorized disclosure: Non-Department of Veterans Affairs requests.
§ 17.510 - Redisclosure.
§ 17.511 - Penalties for violations.
Xxx Link to an Amendment Published at 86 FR 24498, May 7, 2021.
§ 17.3500 - xxx
Visual Impairment and Orientation and Mobility Professional Scholarship Program
§ 17.625 - Purpose.
§ 17.626 - Definitions.
§ 17.627 - Eligibility for the VIOMPSP.
§ 17.628 - Availability of VIOMPSP scholarships.
§ 17.629 - Application for the VIOMPSP.
§ 17.630 - Selection of VIOMPSP participants.
§ 17.631 - Award procedures.
§ 17.632 - Obligated service.
§ 17.633 - Deferment of obligated service.
§ 17.634 - Failure to comply with terms and conditions of participation.
§ 17.635 - Bankruptcy.
§ 17.636 - Cancellation, waiver, or suspension of obligation.
Prosthetic and Rehabilitative Items and Services
§ 17.3200 - Purpose and scope.
§ 17.3210 - Definitions.
§ 17.3220 - Eligibility.
§ 17.3230 - Authorized items and services.
§ 17.3240 - Furnishing authorized items and services.
§ 17.3250 - Veteran responsibilities.
§§ 17.3200--17.3250 - xxx
Subject group - XXX Link to an amendment published at 86 FR 56651, Oct. 12, 2021.
§§ 17.535--17.539 - xxx
Health Care for a Vietnam Veteran's Child With Spina Bifida
VA Health Professional Scholarship Program
§ 17.600 - Purpose.
§ 17.601 - Definitions.
§ 17.602 - Eligibility.
§ 17.603 - Availability of HPSP scholarships.
§ 17.604 - Application for the HPSP.
§ 17.605 - Selection of participants.
§ 17.606 - Award procedures.
§ 17.607 - Obligated service.
§ 17.608 - Deferment of obligated service.
§ 17.609 - Pay during period of obligated service.
§ 17.610 - Failure to comply with terms and conditions of participation.
§ 17.611 - Bankruptcy.
§ 17.612 - Cancellation, waiver, or suspension of obligation.
Use of Department of Defense, Public Health Service or Other Federal Hospitals
§ 17.50 - Use of Department of Defense, Public Health Service or other Federal hospitals with beds allocated to the Department of Veterans Affairs.
§ 17.51 - Emergency use of Department of Defense, Public Health Service or other Federal hospitals.
Veterans Canteen Service
§ 17.180 - Delegation of authority.
Use of Public or Private Hospitals
§ 17.52 - Hospital care and medical services in non-VA facilities.
§ 17.53 - Limitations on use of public or private hospitals.
§ 17.54 - [Reserved]
§ 17.55 - Payment for authorized public or private hospital care.
§ 17.56 - VA payment for inpatient and outpatient health care professional services at non-departmental facilities and other medical charges associated with non-VA outpatient care.
Veterans Care Agreements
§ 17.4100 - Definitions.
§ 17.4105 - Purpose and Scope.
§ 17.4110 - Entity or provider certification.
§ 17.4115 - VA use of Veterans Care Agreements.
§ 17.4120 - Payment rates.
§ 17.4125 - Review of Veterans Care Agreements.
§ 17.4130 - Discontinuation of Veterans Care Agreements.
§ 17.4135 - Disputes.
§ 17.4600 - Urgent care.
Community Residential Care
§ 17.61 - Eligibility.
§ 17.62 - Definitions.
§ 17.63 - Approval of community residential care facilities.
§ 17.64 - [Reserved]
§ 17.65 - Approvals and provisional approvals of community residential care facilities.
§ 17.66 - Notice of noncompliance with VA standards.
§ 17.67 - Request for a hearing.
§ 17.68 - Notice and conduct of hearing.
§ 17.69 - Waiver of opportunity for hearing.
§ 17.70 - Written decision following a hearing.
§ 17.71 - Revocation of VA approval.
§ 17.72 - Availability of information.
§ 17.73 - Medical foster homes - general.
§ 17.74 - Standards applicable to medical foster homes.
Hospital or Nursing Home Care and Medical Services in Foreign Countries
§ 17.35 - Hospital care and outpatient services in foreign countries.
§§ 17.36--17.37 - [Reserved]
Expanded Access to Non-VA Care Through the Veterans Choice Program
§ 17.1500 - Purpose and scope.
§ 17.1505 - Definitions.
§ 17.1510 - Eligible veterans.
§ 17.1515 - Authorizing non-VA care.
§ 17.1520 - Effect on other provisions.
§ 17.1525 - [Reserved]
§ 17.1530 - Eligible entities and providers.
§ 17.1535 - Payment rates and methodologies.
§ 17.1540 - Claims processing system.
Tentative Eligibility Determinations
§ 17.34 - Tentative eligibility determinations.
Disciplinary Control of Beneficiaries Receiving Hospital, Domiciliary or Nursing Home Care
§ 17.107 - VA response to disruptive behavior of patients.
Vocational Training and Health-Care Eligibility Protection for Pension Recipients
§ 17.90 - Medical care for veterans receiving vocational training under 38 U.S.C. chapter 15.
§ 17.91 - Protection of health-care eligibility.
Enrollment Provisions and Medical Benefits Package
§ 17.36 - Enrollment—provision of hospital and outpatient care to veterans.
§ 17.37 - Enrollment not required - provision of hospital and outpatient care to veterans.
§ 17.38 - Medical benefits package.
§ 17.39 - Certain Filipino veterans.
§ 17.40 - Additional services for indigents.
SubPart - Nursing Services
§ 17.417 - xxx
Health Care Benefits for Certain Children of Vietnam Veterans and Veterans With Covered Service IN Korea - Spina Bifida and Covered Birth Defects
Program for Repayment of Educational Loans for Certain VA Psychiatrists
Payment or Reimbursement for Emergency Services for Nonservice-Connected Conditions in Non-VA Facilities
Home Improvements and Structural Alterations (HISA) Program
Confidentiality of Healthcare Quality Assurance Review Records
Grants for Transportation of Veterans in Highly Rural Areas
Vet Centers
VA Health Professional Scholarship Program
Visual Impairment and Orientation and Mobility Professional Scholarship Program
Transitional Housing Loan Program
Chaplain Services
Expanded Access to Non-VA Care Through the Veterans Choice Program
Sensory and Other Rehabilitative Aids
§ 17.148 - Service dogs.
§ 17.149 - Sensori-neural aids.
§ 17.150 - [Reserved]
§ 17.151 - Invalid lifts for recipients of aid and attendance allowance or special monthly compensation.
§ 17.152 - Devices to assist in overcoming the handicap of deafness.
§ 17.153 - [Reserved]
§ 17.154 - Equipment for blind veterans.
In Vitro Fertilization Treatment
Health Care Benefits for Certain Children of Vietnam Veterans and Veterans With Covered Service IN Korea - Spina Bifida and Covered Birth Defects
§ 17.900 - Definitions.
§ 17.901 - Provision of health care.
§ 17.902 - Preauthorization.
§ 17.903 - Payment.
§ 17.904 - Review and appeal process.
§ 17.905 - Medical records.
Chaplain Services
§ 17.655 - Ecclesiastical endorsing organizations.
Outpatient Treatment
§ 17.92 - Outpatient care for research purposes.
§ 17.93 - Eligibility for outpatient services.
§ 17.94 - Outpatient medical services for military retirees and other beneficiaries.
§ 17.95 - Outpatient medical services for Department of Veterans Affairs employees and others in emergencies.
§ 17.96 - Medication prescribed by non-VA physicians.
§ 17.97 - [Reserved]
§ 17.98 - Mental health services.
§ 17.99 - Priorities for medical services.
Emergent Suicide Care
§ 17.1200 - Purpose and scope.
§ 17.1205 - Definitions.
§ 17.1210 - Eligibility.
§ 17.1215 - Periods of emergent suicide care.
§ 17.1220 - Provision of emergent suicide care.
§ 17.1225 - Payment or reimbursement for emergent suicide care.
§ 17.1230 - Payment or reimbursement of emergency transportation.
Breaking Appointments
Vet Centers
§ 17.2000 - Vet Center services.
Ceremonies
§ 17.112 - Services or ceremonies on Department of Veterans Affairs hospital or center reservations.
Hospital, Domiciliary and Nursing Home Care
§ 17.43 - Persons entitled to hospital or domiciliary care.
§ 17.44 - Hospital care for certain retirees with chronic disability (Executive Orders 10122, 10400 and 11733).
§ 17.45 - Hospital care for research purposes.
§ 17.46 - Eligibility for hospital, domiciliary or nursing home care of persons discharged or released from active military, naval, or air service.
§ 17.47 - Considerations applicable in determining eligibility for hospital care, medical services, nursing home care, or domiciliary care.
§ 17.48 - Compensated Work Therapy/Transitional Residences program.
§ 17.49 - Priorities for outpatient medical services and inpatient hospital care.
Prosthetic, Sensory, and Rehabilitative Aids
Use of Community Nursing Home Care Facilities
§ 17.57 - Use of community nursing homes.
§ 17.58 - Evacuation of community nursing homes.
§ 17.60 - Extensions of community nursing home care beyond six months.
VA Pilot Program on Graduate Medical Education and Residency
§ 17.243 - Purpose and scope.
§ 17.244 - Definitions.
§ 17.245 - Covered facilities.
§ 17.246 - Consideration factors for placement of residents.
§ 17.247 - Determination process for placement of residents.
§ 17.248 - Costs of placing residents and new residency programs.
Readjustment Counseling Service Scholarship Program
§ 17.545 - Purpose.
§ 17.547 - Eligibility.
§ 17.548 - Application procedures.
§ 17.549 - Award procedures.
§ 17.551 - Agreement and obligated service.
§ 17.553 - Failure to comply with terms and conditions of agreement.
§§ 17.545--17.553 - xxx
Charges, Waivers, and Collections
§ 17.100 - xxx
§ 17.101 - Collection or recovery by VA for medical care or services provided or furnished to a veteran for a non-service connected disability.
§ 17.102 - Charges for care or services.
§ 17.103 - Referrals of compromise settlement offers.
§ 17.104 - Terminations and suspensions.
§ 17.105 - Waivers.
§ 17.106 - VA collection rules; third-party payers.
§ 17.210 - Definitions.
§ 17.211 - Maximum number of nursing home beds for veterans by State.
Civilian Health and Medical Program of the Department of Veterans Affairs (Champva) - Medical Care for Survivors and Dependents of Certain Veterans
§ 17.270 - General provisions and definitions.
§ 17.271 - Eligibility.
§ 17.275 - CHAMPVA determined allowable amount calculation.
§ 17.276 - Claim filing deadline.
§ 17.277 - Appeals.
§ 17.278 - Medical care cost recovery.
§ 17.279 - Confidentiality of records.
Research-Related Injuries
§ 17.85 - Treatment of research-related injuries to human subjects.
Xxx
§§ 17.243--17.248 - xxx
Veterans Community Care Program
§ 17.4000 - Purpose and scope.
§ 17.4005 - Definitions.
§ 17.4010 - Veteran eligibility.
§ 17.4015 - Designated VA medical service lines.
§ 17.4020 - Authorized non-VA care.
§ 17.4025 - Effect on other provisions.
§ 17.4030 - Eligible entities and providers.
§ 17.4035 - Payment rates.
§§ 17.4000--17.4040 - [Reserved]
§ 17.4040 - Designated access standards.
Grants for Transportation of Veterans in Highly Rural Areas
§ 17.700 - Purpose and scope.
§ 17.701 - Definitions.
§ 17.702 - Grants - general.
§ 17.703 - Eligibility and application.
§ 17.705 - Scoring criteria and selection.
§ 17.710 - Notice of Fund Availability.
§ 17.715 - Grant agreements.
§ 17.720 - Payments under the grant.
§ 17.725 - Grantee reporting requirements.
§ 17.730 - Recovery of funds by VA.
Grants to the Republic of the Philippines
§ 17.350 - The program of assistance to the Philippines.
§ 17.351 - Grants for the replacement and upgrading of equipment at Veterans Memorial Medical Center.
§ 17.352 - Amounts and use of grant funds for the replacement and upgrading of equipment.
§ 17.355 - Awards procedures.
§ 17.362 - Acceptance of medical supplies as payment.
§ 17.363 - Length of stay.
§ 17.364 - Eligibility determinations.
§ 17.365 - Admission priorities.
§ 17.366 - Authorization of emergency admissions.
§ 17.367 - Republic of the Philippines to print forms.
§ 17.369 - Inspections.
§ 17.370 - Termination of payments.
Protection of Patient Rights
§ 17.32 - Informed consent and advance directives.
§ 17.33 - Patients' rights.
Reimbursement to Employees for the Cost of Repairing or Replacing Certain Personal Property Damaged or Destroyed by Patients or Members
§ 17.116 - Adjudication of claims.
Transitional Housing Loan Program
§ 17.800 - Purpose.
§ 17.801 - Definitions.
§ 17.802 - Application provisions.
§ 17.803 - Order of consideration.
§ 17.804 - Loan approval criteria.
§ 17.805 - Additional terms of loans.
Reconsideration of Denied Claims
§ 17.133 - Procedures.
Appendix A to § 17.211 - State Home Facilities for Furnishing Nursing Home Care
Copayments
§ 17.108 - Copayments for inpatient hospital care and outpatient medical care.
§ 17.109 - Presumptive eligibility for psychosis and mental illness other than psychosis.
§ 17.110 - Copayments for medication.
§ 17.111 - Copayments for extended care services.
Program for Repayment of Educational Loans for Certain VA Psychiatrists
§ 17.640 - Purpose.
§ 17.641 - Definitions.
§ 17.642 - Eligibility.
§ 17.643 - Application for the PREL.
§ 17.644 - Selection of participants.
§ 17.645 - Award procedures.
§ 17.646 - Obligated service.
§ 17.647 - Failure to comply with terms and conditions of participation.
§§ 17.625--17.636 - xxx