§ 1037.106 - CO2 emission standards for tractors above 26,000 pounds GVWR.

§ 1037.106 Exhaust CO₂ emission standards for tractors above 26,000 pounds GVWR.

Cross Reference

Link to an amendment published at 89 FR 29770, Apr. 22, 2024.

Cross Reference

Link to a correction published at 89 FR 51237, June 17, 2024.

(a) The CO₂ standards of this section apply for tractors above 26,000 pounds GVWR. Note that the standards of this section do not apply for vehicles classified as “vocational tractors” under § 1037.630.

(b) The CO₂ standards for tractors above 26,000 pounds GVWR in Table 1 of this section this paragraph (b) apply based on modeling and testing as described in subpart F of this part. The provisions of § 1037.241 specify how to comply with the standards in this paragraph (b). Note that § 1037.230 describes how to divide vehicles into subcategories.

(1) Except as specified in paragraph (b)(2) of this section, model year 2027 and later tractors are subject to Phase 3 CO₂ standards corresponding to the selected subcategories as shown in the following table:

Table 1 of Paragraph (b)(1) of § 1037.106

—CO

—Phase 3 CO₂ Standards for Model Year 2027 and Later Tractors

Model year	Roof height	CO2 standard by regulatory subcategory (g/ton·mile)
		Class 7 all cab styles	Class 8 day cab	Class 8 sleeper cab	Heavy-haul
2027	Low Roof	96.2	73.4	64.1
	Mid Roof	103.4	78.0	69.6	48.3
	High Roof	100.0	75.7	64.3
2028	Low Roof	88.5	67.5	64.1
	Mid Roof	95.1	71.8	69.6	48.3
	High Roof	92.0	69.6	64.3
2029	Low Roof	84.7	64.6	64.1
	Mid Roof	91.0	68.6	69.6	47.8
	High Roof	88.0	66.6	64.3
2030	Low Roof	80.8	61.7	60.3
	Mid Roof	86.9	65.5	65.4	47.8
	High Roof	84.0	63.6	60.4
2031	Low Roof	69.3	52.8	56.4
	Mid Roof	74.4	56.2	61.2	46.9
	High Roof	72.0	54.5	56.6
2032 and Later	Low Roof	57.7	44.0	48.1
	Mid Roof	62.0	46.8	52.2	45.9
	High Roof	60.0	45.4	48.2

(2) Qualifying small manufacturers of model year 2027 and later vehicles may continue to meet Phase 2 CO₂ standards in this paragraph (b)(2) instead of the standards specified in paragraph (b)(1) of this section. If you certify to these Phase 2 CO₂ standards, you may use the averaging provisions of subpart H of this part to demonstrate compliance. You may use other credit provisions of this part only by certifying all vehicle families within a given averaging set to the Phase 3 standards that apply in that model year.

Table 2 of Paragraph (b)(2) of § 1037.106—Small Manufacturer CO₂ Standards for Model Year 2027 and Later Tractors

Subcategory	Phase 2 CO2 standards (g/ton·mile)
Class 7 Low-Roof (all cab styles)	96.2
Class 7 Mid-Roof (all cab styles)	103.4
Class 7 High-Roof (all cab styles)	100.0
Class 8

Tractors by Model Year

Low-Roof Day Cab	73.4
Class 8 Low-Roof Sleeper Cab	64.1
Class 8 Mid-Roof Day Cab	78.0
Class 8 Mid-Roof Sleeper Cab	69.6
Class 8 High-Roof Day Cab	75.7
Class 8 High-Roof Sleeper Cab	64.3
Heavy-Haul Tractors	48.3

(3) Model year 2026 and earlier tractors are subject to CO₂ standards corresponding to the selected subcategory as shown in the following table:

Table 3 of Paragraph (b)(3) of § 1037.106—CO₂ Standards for Model Year 2026 and Earlier Tractors

[g/ton-mile]

Subcategory

^a

Phase 1 standards for model years 2014-2016	Phase 1 standards for model years 2017-2020	Phase 2 standards for model years 2021-2023	Phase 2 standards for model years 2024-2026

Phase 2 standards for model year 2027 and later

Class 7 Low-Roof (all cab styles)

107

104

105.5

99.8

96.2

Class 7 Mid-Roof (all cab styles)

119

115

113.2

107.1

103.4

Class 7 High-Roof (all cab styles)

124

120

113.5

106.6

100.0

Class 8 Low-Roof Day Cab

81

80

80.5

76.2

73.4

Class 8 Low-Roof Sleeper Cab

68

66

72.3

68.0

64.1

Class 8 Mid-Roof Day Cab

88

86

85.4

80.9

78.0

Class 8 Mid-Roof Sleeper Cab

76

73

78.0

73.5

69.6

Class 8 High-Roof Day Cab

92

89

85.6

80.4

75.7

Class 8 High-Roof Sleeper Cab

75

72

75.7

70.7

64.3

Heavy-Haul Tractors

52.4

50.2

48.3

^a Subcategory terms are defined in § 1037.801.

(c) No CH₄ or N₂O standards apply under this section. See 40 CFR part 1036 for CH₄ or N₂O standards that apply to engines used in these vehicles.

(c) [Reserved]

(d) You may generate or use emission credits for averaging, banking, and trading as described in subpart H of this part. This requires that you calculate a credit quantity if you specify a Family Emission Limit (FEL) that is different than the standard specified in this section for a given pollutant. The FEL may not be less than the result of emission modeling from § 1037.520. These FELs serve as the emission standards for the specific vehicle subfamily instead of the standards specified in paragraph (a) of this section.

(e) The exhaust emission standards of this section apply for the full useful life, expressed in service miles or calendar years, whichever comes first. The following useful life values apply for the standards of this section:

(1) 185,000 miles or 10 years, whichever comes first, for vehicles at or below 33,000 pounds GVWR.

(2) 435,000 miles or 10 years, whichever comes first, for vehicles above 33,000 pounds GVWR.

(f) You may optionally certify Class 7 tractors to Class 8 standards as follows:

(1) You may optionally certify 4x2 tractors with Heavy HDE to the standards and useful life for Class 8 tractors, with no restriction on generating or using emission credits within the Class 8 averaging set.

(2) You may optionally certify Class 7 tractors not covered by paragraph (f)(1) of this section to the standards and useful life for Class 8 tractors. This paragraph (f)(2) applies equally for hybrid vehicles, battery electric vehicles, and fuel cell electric vehicles. Credit provisions apply as follows:

(i) If you certify all your Class 7 tractors to Class 8 standards, you may use these Heavy HDV credits without restriction. This paragraph

(

f)(2)(i) applies equally for hybrid and electric vehicles.

(ii) This paragraph (f)(2)(ii) applies if you certify some Class 7 tractors to Class 8 standards under this paragraph (f)(2) but not all of them. If you include Class 7 tractors in a subfamily of Class 8 tractors with an FEL below the standard, exclude the production volume of Class 7 tractors from the credit calculation. Conversely, if you include Class 7 tractors in a subfamily of Class 8 tractors with an FEL above the standard, you must include the production volume of Class 7 tractors in the credit calculation.

(g) Diesel auxiliary power units installed on tractors subject to standards under this section must meet PM standards as follows:

(1) For model years 2021 through 2023, the APU engine must be certified under 40 CFR part 1039 with a deteriorated emission level for PM at or below 0.15 g/kW-hr.

(2) Starting in model year 2024, auxiliary power units installed on tractors subject to standards under this section must be certified to the PM emission standard specified in 40 CFR 1039.699. Selling, offering for sale, or introducing or delivering into commerce in the United States or importing into the United States a new tractor subject to this standard is a violation of 40 CFR 1068.101(a)(1) unless the auxiliary power unit has a valid certificate of conformity and the required label showing that it meets the PM standard of this paragraph (g)(2).

(3) See § 1037.660(e) for requirements that apply for diesel APUs in model year 2020 and earlier tractors.

[81 FR 74048, Oct. 25, 2016, as amended at 86 FR 34459, June 29, 2021; 88 FR 4637, Jan. 24, 2023; 89 FR 29770, Apr. 22, 2024; 89 FR 51237, June 17, 2024]