Code of Federal Regulations (Last Updated: April 5, 2024) |
Title 40 - Protection of Environment |
Chapter I - Environmental Protection Agency |
SubChapter U - Air Pollution Controls |
Part 1048 - Control of Emissions from New, Large Nonroad Spark-Ignition Engines |
Subpart F - Test Procedures |
§ 1048.505 - How do I test engines using steady-state duty cycles, including ramped-modal testing?
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§ 1048.505 How do I test engines using steady-state duty cycles, including ramped-modal testing?
This section describes how to test engines under steady-state conditions. In some cases, we allow you to choose the appropriate steady-state duty cycle for an engine; you may also choose between discrete-mode and ramped-modal testing. In all cases, you must use the duty cycle you select in your application for certification for all testing you perform for that engine family. If we test your engines to confirm that they meet emission standards, we will use the duty cycles you select for your own testing. If you submit certification test data using more than one duty cycle, any of the selected duty cycles may be used for any subsequent testing. We may also perform other testing as allowed by the Clean Air Act.
(a) You may perform steady-state testing with either discrete-mode or ramped-modal cycles described in 40 CFR Part 1065.
(b) Measure emissions by testing the engine on a dynamometer with one or more of the following sets of duty cycles to determine whether it meets the steady-state emission standards in § 1048.101(b):
(1) For engines from an engine family that will be used only in variable-speed applications, use one of the following duty cycles:
(i) The following duty cycle applies for discrete-mode testing:
Table 1 of § 1048.505
C2 mode No. Engine speed1 Torque
(percent)2Weighting
factors1 Maximum test speed 25 0.06 2 Intermediate test 100 0.02 3 Intermediate test 75 0.05 4 Intermediate test 50 0.32 5 Intermediate test 25 0.30 6 Intermediate test 10 0.10 7 Warm idle 0 0.15 (ii) The following duty cycle applies for ramped-modal testing:
Table 2 of § 1048.505
RMC mode Time in mode
(seconds)Engine speed1 2 Torque
(percent)2 31a Steady-state 119 Warm idle 0 1b Transition 20 Linear transition Linear transition. 2a Steady-state 29 Intermediate speed 100 2b Transition 20 Intermediate speed Linear transition. 3a Steady-state 150 Intermediate speed 10 3b Transition 20 Intermediate speed Linear transition. 4a Steady-state 80 Intermediate speed 75 4b Transition 20 Intermediate speed Linear transition. 5a Steady-state 513 Intermediate speed 25 5b Transition 20 Intermediate speed Linear transition. 6a Steady-state 549 Intermediate speed 50 6b Transition 20 Linear transition Linear transition. 7a Steady-state 96 Maximum test speed 25 7b Transition 20 Linear transition Linear transition. 8 Steady-state 124 Warm idle 0 (2) For engines from an engine family that will be used only at a single, rated speed, use the 5-mode duty cycle or the corresponding ramped-modal cycle described in 40 CFR part 1039, Appendix II, paragraph (a).
(3) Use a duty cycle from both paragraphs (b)(1) and (b)(2) of this section if you will not restrict an engine family to constant-speed or variable-speed applications.
(4) Use a duty cycle specified in paragraph (b)(2) of this section for all severe-duty engines.
(5) For high-load engines, use one of the following duty cycles:
(i) The following duty cycle applies for discrete-mode testing:
Table 3 of § 1048.505
Mode No. Engine
speedTorque
(percent)1Minimum time in mode (minutes) Weighting factors 1 Maximum test speed 100 3.0 0.50 2 Maximum test speed 75 3.0 0.50 (ii) The following duty cycle applies for discrete-mode testing:
Table 4 of § 1048.505
RMC modes Time in mode
(seconds)Engine speed
(percent)Torque
(percent)1 21a Steady-state 290 Engine governed 100 1b Transition 20 Engine governed Linear transition. 2 Steady-state 290 Engine governed 75 (c) For full-load operating modes, operate the engine at wide-open throttle.
[73 FR 59239, Oct. 8, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 23022, Apr. 30, 2010;79 FR 23751. Apr. 28, 2014]