§ 340.2 - Scope of this part.

§ 340.2 Groups of organisms which are or contain plant pests and exemptions.

(a) Groups of organisms which are or contain plant pests. The organisms that are or contain plant pests are included in the taxa or group of organisms contained in the following list. Within any taxonomic series included on the list, the lowest unit of classification actually listed is the taxon or group which may contain organisms which are regulated. Organisms belonging to all lower taxa contained within the group listed are included as organisms that may be or may contain plant pests, and are regulated if they meet the definition of plant pest in § 340.1^[4]

Note:

Any genetically engineered organism composed of DNA or RNA sequences, organelles, plasmids, parts, copies, and/or analogs, of or from any of the groups of organisms listed below shall be deemed a regulated article if it also meets the definition of plant pest in § 340.1.

GROUP

Viroids

Superkingdom Prokaryotae

Kingdom Virus

All members of groups containing plant viruses, and all other plant and insect viruses

Kingdom Monera

Division Bacteria

Family Pseudomonadaceae

Genus Pseudomonas

Genus Xanthomonas

Family Rhizobiaceae

Genus Rhizobium

Genus Bradyrhizobium

Genus Agrobacterium

Genus Phyllobacterium

Family Enterobacteriaceae

Genus Erwinia

Family Streptomycetaceae

Genus Streptomyces

Family Actinomycetacease

Genus Actinomyces

Coryneform group

Genus Clavibacter

Genus Arthrobacter

Genus Curtobacterium

Genus Corynebacteria

Gram-negative phloem-limited bacteria associated with plant diseases

Gram-negative xylem-limited bacteria associated with plant diseases

And all other bacteria associated with plant or insect diseases

Rickettsiaceae

Rickettgial-like organisms associated with insect diseases

Class Mollicutes

Order Mycoplasmatales

Family Spiroplasmataceae

Genus Spiroplasma

Mycoplasma-like organisms associated with plant diseases

Mycoplasma-like organisms associated with insect diseases

Superkingdom Eukaryotae

Kingdom Plantae

Subkingdom Thallobionta

Division Chlorophyta

Genus Cephaleuros

Genus Rhodochytrium

Genus Phyllosiphon

Division Myxomycota

Class Plasmodiophoromycetes

Division Eumycota

Class Chytridiomycetes

Order Chytridiales

Class Oomycetes

Order Lagenidiales

Family Lagenidiaceae

Family Olpidiopsidaceae

Order Peronosporales

Family Albuginaceae

Family Peronosporaceae

Family Pythiaceae

Order Saprolegniales

Family Saprolegniaceae

Family Leptolegniellaceae

Class Zygomycetes

Order Mucorales

Family Choanephoraceae

Family Mucoraceae

Family Entomophthoraceae

Class Hemiascomycetes

Family Protomycetaceae

Family Taphrinaceae

Class Loculoascomycetes

Order Myriangiales

Family Elsinoeaceae

Family Myriangiaceae

Order Asterinales

Order Dothideales

Order Chaetothyriales

Order Hysteriales

Family Parmulariaceae

Family Phillipsiellaceae

Family Hysteriaceae

Order Pleosporales

Order Melanommatales

Class Plectomycetes

Order Eurotiales

Family Ophiostomataceae

Order Ascophaerales

Class Pyrenomycetes

Order Erysiphales

Order Meliolales

Order Xylariales

Order Diaporthales

Order Hypocreales

Order Clavicipitales

Class Discomycetes

Order Phacidiales

Order Helotiales

Family Ascocorticiceae

Family Hemiphacidiaceae

Family Dermataceae

Family Sclerotiniaceae

Order Cytarriales

Order Medeolariales

Order Pezziales

Family Sarcosomataceae

Family Sarcoscyphaceae

Class Teliomycetes

Class Phragmobasidiomycetes

Family Auriculariaceae

Family Ceratobasidiaceae

Class Hymenomycetes

Order Exobasidiales

Order Agaricales

Family Corticiaceae

Family Hymenochaetaceae

Family Echinodontiaceae

Family Fistulinaceae

Family Clavariaceae

Family Polyporaceae

Family Tricholomataceae

Class Hyphomycetes

Class Coelomycetes

And all other fungi associated with plant or insect diseases

Subkingdom Embryobionta

Note:

Organisms listed in the Code of Federal Regulations as noxious weeds are regulated under the Federal Noxious Weed Act

Division Magnoliophyta

Family Balanophoraceae - parasitic species

Family Cuscutaceae - parasitic species

Family Hydnoraceae - parasitic species

Family Krameriaceae - parasitic species

Family Lauraceae - parasitic species

Genus Cassytha

Family Lennoaceae - parasitic species

Family Loranthaceae - parasitic species

Family Myzodendraceae - parasitic species

Family Olacaceae - parasitic species

Family Orobanchaceae - parasitic species

Family Rafflesiaceae - parasitic species

Family Santalaceae - parasitic species

Family Scrophulariaceae - parasitic species

Genus Alectra

Genus Bartsia

Genus Buchnera

Genus Buttonia

Genus Castilleja

Genus Centranthera

Genus Cordylanthus

Genus Dasistoma

Genus Euphrasia

Genus Gerardia

Genus Harveya

Genus Hyobanche

Genus Lathraea

Genus Melampyrum

Genus Melasma

Genus Orthantha

Genus Orthocarpus

Genus Pedicularis

Genus Rhamphicarpa

Genus Rhinanthus

Genus Schwalbea

Genus Seymeria

Genus Siphonostegia

Genus Sopubia

Genus Striga

Genus Tozzia

Family Viscaceae - parasitic species

Kingdom Animalia

Subkingdom Protozoa

Genus Phytomonas

And all Protozoa associated with insect diseases

Subkingdom Eumetazoa

Phylum Nemata

Class Secernentea

Order Tylenchida

Family Anguinidae

Family Belonolaimidae

Family Caloosiidae

Family Criconematidae

Family Dolichodoridae

Family Fergusobiidae

Family Hemicycliophoridae

Family Heteroderidae

Family Hoplolaimidae

Family Meloidogynidae

Family Nacobbidae

Family Neotylenchidae

Family Nothotylenchidae

Family Paratylenchidae

Family Pratylenchidae

Family Tylenchidae

Family Tylenchulidae

Order Aphelenchida

Family Aphelenchoididae

Class Adenophorea

Order Dorylaimida

Family Longidoridae

Family Trichodoridae

Phylum Mollusca

Class Gastropoda

Subclass Pulmonata

Order Basommatophora

Superfamily Planorbacea

Order Stylommatophora

Subfamily Strophocheilacea

Family Succineidae

Superfamily Achatinacae

Superfamily Arionacae

Superfamily Limacacea

Superfamily Helicacea

Order Systellommatophora

Superfamily Veronicellacea

Phylum Arthropoda

Class Arachnida

Order Parasitiformes

Suborder Mesostigmata

Superfamily Ascoidea

Superfamily Dermanyssoidea

Order Acariformes

Suborder Prostigmata

Superfamily Eriophyoidea

Superfamily Tetranychoidea

Superfamily Eupodoidea

Superfamily Tydeoidea

Superfamily Erythraenoidea

Superfamily Trombidioidea

Superfamily Hydryphantoidea

Superfamily Tarsonemoidea

Superfamily Pyemotoidea

Suborder Astigmata

Superfamily Hemisarcoptoidea

Superfamily Acaroidea

Class Diplopoda

Order Polydesmida

Class Insecta

Order Collembola

Family Sminthoridae

Order Isoptera

Order Thysanoptera

Order Orthoptera

Family Acrididae

Family Gryllidae

Family Gryllacrididae

Family Gryllotalpidae

Family Phasmatidae

Family Ronaleidae

Family Tettigoniidae

Family Tetrigidae

Order Hemiptera

Family Thaumastocoridae

Family Aradidae

Superfamily Piesmatoidea

Superfamily Lygaeoidea

Superfamily Idiostoloidea

Superfamily Coreoidea

Superfamily Pentatomoidea

Superfamily Pyrrhocoroidea

Superfamily Tingoidea

Superfamily Miroidea

Order Homoptera

Order Coleoptera

Family Anobiidae

Family Apionidae

Family Anthribidae

Family Bostrichidae

Family Brentidae

Family Bruchidae

Family Buprestidae

Family Byturidae

Family Cantharidae

Family Carabidae

Family Cerambycidae

Family Chrysomelidae

Family Coccinellidae

Subfamily Epilachninae

Family Curculionidae

Family Dermestidae

Family Elateridae

Family Hydrophilidae

Genus Helophorus

Family Lyctidae

Family Meloidae

Family Mordellidae

Family Platypodidae

Family Scarabaeidae

Subfamily Melolonthinae

Subfamily Rutelinae

Subfamily Cetoniinae

Subfamily Dynastinae

Family Scolytidae

Family Selbytidae

Family Tenebrionidae

Order Lepidoptera

Order Diptera

Family Agromyzidae

Family Anthomyiidae

Family Cecidomyiidae

Family Chloropidae

Family Ephydridae

Family Lonchaeidae

Family Muscidae

Genus Atherigona

Family Otitidae

Genus Euxeta

Family Syrphidae

Family Tephritidae

Family Tipulidae

Order Hymenoptera

Family Apidae

Family Caphidae

Family Chalcidae

Family Cynipidae

Family Eurytomidae

Family Formicidae

Family Psilidae

Family Siricidae

Family Tenthredinidae

Family Torymidae

Family Xylocopidae

Unclassified organisms and/or organisms whose classification is unknown.

(b) Exemptions.

(1) A limited permit for interstate movement shall not be required for genetic material from any plant pest contained in Escherichia coli genotype K-12 (strain K-12 and its derivatives), sterile strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, or asporogenic strains of Bacillus subtilis, provided that all the following conditions are met:

(i) The microorganisms are shipped in a container that meets the requirements of § 340.8(b)(3);

(ii) The cloned genetic material is maintained on a nonconjugation proficient plasmid and the host does not contain other conjugation proficient plasmids or generalized transducing phages;

(iii) The cloned material does not include the complete infectious genome of a known plant pest;

(iv) The cloned genes are not carried on an expression vector if the cloned genes code for:

(A) A toxin to plants or plant products, or a toxin to organisms beneficial to plants; or

(B) Other factors directly involved in eliciting plant disease (i.e., cell wall degrading enzymes); or

(C) Substances acting as, or inhibitory to, plant growth regulators.

(2) A limited permit for interstate movement is not required for genetic material from any plant pest contained in the genome of the plant Arabiodopsis thaliana, provided that all of the following conditions are met:

(i) The plants or plant materials are shipped in a container that meets the requirements of § 340.8(b) (1), (2), and (3);

(ii) The cloned genetic material is stably integrated into the plant genome;

(iii) The cloned material does not include the complete infectious genome of a known plant pest.

[52 FR 22908, June 16, 1987, as amended at 53 FR 12913, Apr. 20, 1988; 55 FR 53276, Dec. 28, 1990; 58 FR 17056, Mar. 31, 1993]

Footnotes - 340.2

^[4] Any organism belonging to any taxa contained within any listed genera or taxa is only considered to be a plant pest if the organism “can directly or indirectly injure, or cause disease, or damage in any plants or parts thereof, or any processed, manufactured, or other products of plants.” Thus a particular unlisted species within a listed genus would be deemed a plant pest for purposes of § 340.2, if the scientific literature refers to the organism as a cause of direct or indirect injury, disease, or damage to any plants, plant parts or products of plants. (If there is any question concerning the plant pest status of an organism belonging to any listed genera or taxa, the person proposing to introduce the organism in question should consult with APHIS to determine if the organism is subject to regulation.)

Scope of this part.

Except under a permit issued by the Administrator in accordance with § 340.5, no person shall move any GE organism that:

(a) Is a plant that has a plant-trait-mechanism of action combination that has not been evaluated by APHIS in accordance with § 340.4 or that, as a result of such evaluation, is subject to the regulations; or

(b) Meets the definition of a plant pest in § 340.3; or

(c) Is not a plant but has received deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from a plant pest, as defined in § 340.3, and the DNA from the donor organism either is capable of producing an infectious agent that causes plant disease or encodes a compound that is capable of causing plant disease; or

(d) Is a microorganism used to control plant pests, or an invertebrate predator or parasite (parasitoid) used to control invertebrate plant pests, and could pose a plant pest risk; or

(e) Is a plant that encodes a product intended for pharmaceutical or industrial use.