§ 60.47a - Emission monitoring.

Link to an amendment published at 70 FR 28653, May 18, 2005. Link to an amendment published at 70 FR 28654, May 18, 2005.

(a) The owner or operator of an affected facility shall install, calibrate, maintain, and operate a continuous monitoring system, and record the output of the system, for measuring the opacity of emissions discharged to the atmosphere, except where gaseous fuel is the only fuel combusted. If opacity interference due to water droplets exists in the stack (for example, from the use of an FGD system), the opacity is monitored upstream of the interference (at the inlet to the FGD system). If opacity interference is experienced at all locations (both at the inlet and outlet of the sulfur dioxide control system), alternate parameters indicative of the particulate matter control system's performance are monitored (subject to the approval of the Administrator).

(b) The owner or operator of an affected facility shall install, calibrate, maintain, and operate a continuous monitoring system, and record the output of the system, for measuring sulfur dioxide emissions, except where natural gas is the only fuel combusted, as follows:

(1) Sulfur dioxide emissions are monitored at both the inlet and outlet of the sulfur dioxide control device.

(2) For a facility which qualifies under the provisions of § 60.43a(d), sulfur dioxide emissions are only monitored as discharged to the atmosphere.

(3) An “as fired” fuel monitoring system (upstream of coal pulverizers) meeting the requirements of Method 19may be used to determine potential sulfur dioxide emissions in place of a continuous sulfur dioxide emission monitor at the inlet to the sulfur dioxide control device as required under paragraph (b)(1) of this section.

(c)(1) The owner or operator of an affected facility shall install, calibrate, maintain, and operate a continuous monitoring system, and record the output of the system, for measuring nitrogen oxides emissions discharged to the atmosphere; or

(2) If the owner or operator has installed a nitrogen oxides emission rate continuous emission monitoring system (CEMS) to meet the requirements of part 75 of this chapter and is continuing to meet the ongoing requirements of part 75 of this chapter, that CEMS may be used to meet the requirements of this section, except that the owner or operator shall also meet the requirements of § 60.49a. Data reported to meet the requirements of § 60.49a shall not include data substituted using the missing data procedures in subpart D of part 75 of this chapter, nor shall the data have been bias adjusted according to the procedures of part 75 of this chapter.

(d) The owner or operator of an affected facility shall install, calibrate, maintain, and operate a continuous monitoring system, and record the output of the system, for measuring the oxygen or carbon dioxide content of the flue gases at each location where sulfur dioxide or nitrogen oxides emissions are monitored.

(e) The continuous monitoring systems under paragraphs (b), (c), and (d) of this section are operated and data recorded during all periods of operation of the affected facility including periods of startup, shutdown, malfunction or emergency conditions, except for continuous monitoring system breakdowns, repairs, calibration checks, and zero and span adjustments.

(f) The owner or operator shall obtain emission data for at least 18 hours in at least 22 out of 30 successive boiler operating days. If this minimum data requirement cannot be met with a continuous monitoring system, the owner or operator shall supplement emission data with other monitoring systems approved by the Administrator or the reference methods and procedures as described in paragraph (h) of this section.

(g) The 1-hour averages required under paragraph § 60.13(h) are expressed in ng/J (lb/million Btu) heat input and used to calculate the average emission rates under § 60.46a. The 1-hour averages are calculated using the data points required under § 60.13(b). At least two data points must be used to calculate the 1-hour averages.

(h) When it becomes necessary to supplement continuous monitoring system data to meet the minimum data requirements in paragraph (f) of this section, the owner or operator shall use the reference methods and procedures as specified in this paragraph. Acceptable alternative methods and procedures are given in paragraph (j) of this section.

(1) Method 6 shall be used to determine the SO2 concentration at the same location as the SO2 monitor. Samples shall be taken at 60-minute intervals. The sampling time and sample volume for each sample shall be at least 20 minutes and 0.020 dscm (0.71 dscf). Each sample represents a 1-hour average.

(2) Method 7 shall be used to determine the NOX concentration at the same location as the NOX monitor. Samples shall be taken at 30-minute intervals. The arithmetic average of two consecutive samples represents a 1-hour average.

(3) The emission rate correction factor, integrated bag sampling and analysis procedure of Method 3B shall be used to determine the O2 or CO2 concentration at the same location as the O2 or CO2 monitor. Samples shall be taken for at least 30 minutes in each hour. Each sample represents a 1-hour average.

(4) The procedures in Method 19 shall be used to compute each 1-hour average concentration in ng/J (1b/million Btu) heat input.

(i) The owner or operator shall use methods and procedures in this paragraph to conduct monitoring system performance evaluations under § 60.13(c) and calibration checks under § 60.13(d). Acceptable alternative methods and procedures are given in paragraph (j) of this section.

(1) Methods 3B, 6, and 7 shall be used to determine O2, SO2, and NOX concentrations, respectively.

(2) SO2 or NOX (NO), as applicable, shall be used for preparing the calibration gas mixtures (in N2, as applicable) under Performance Specification 2 of appendix B of this part.

(3) For affected facilities burning only fossil fuel, the span value for a continuous monitoring system for measuring opacity is between 60 and 80 percent and for a continuous monitoring system measuring nitrogen oxides is determined as follows:

Fossil fuelSpan value for nitrogen oxides (ppm)Gas500Liquid500Solid1,000Combination500 (x+y)+1,000z

(4) All span values computed under paragraph (b)(3) of this section for burning combinations of fossil fuels are rounded to the nearest 500 ppm.

(5) For affected facilities burning fossil fuel, alone or in combination with non-fossil fuel, the span value of the sulfur dioxide continuous monitoring system at the inlet to the sulfur dioxide control device is 125 percent of the maximum estimated hourly potential emissions of the fuel fired, and the outlet of the sulfur dioxide control device is 50 percent of maximum estimated hourly potential emissions of the fuel fired.

(j) The owner or operator may use the following as alternatives to the reference methods and procedures specified in this section:

(1) For Method 6, Method 6A or 6B (whenever Methods 6 and 3 or 3B data are used) or 6C may be used. Each Method 6B sample obtained over 24 hours represents 24 1-hour averages. If Method 6A or 6B is used under paragraph (i) of this section, the conditions under § 60.46(d)(1) apply; these conditions do not apply under paragraph (h) of this section.

(2) For Method 7, Method 7A, 7C, 7D, or 7E may be used. If Method 7C, 7D, or 7E is used, the sampling time for each run shall be 1 hour.

(3) For Method 3, Method 3A or 3B may be used if the sampling time is 1 hour.

(4) For Method 3B, Method 3A may be used.

(k) The procedures specified in paragraphs (k)(1) through (3) of this section shall be used to determine gross output for sources demonstrating compliance with the output-based standard under § 60.44a(d)(1).

(1) The owner or operator of an affected facility with electricity generation shall install, calibrate, maintain, and operate a wattmeter; measure gross electrical output in megawatt-hour on a continuous basis; and record the output of the monitor.

(2) The owner or operator of an affected facility with process steam generation shall install, calibrate, maintain, and operate meters for steam flow, temperature, and pressure; measure gross process steam output in joules per hour (or Btu per hour) on a continuous basis; and record the output of the monitor.

(3) For affected facilities generating process steam in combination with electrical generation, the gross energy output is determined from the gross electrical output measured in accordance with paragraph (k)(1) of this section plus 50 percent of the gross thermal output of the process steam measured in accordance with paragraph (k)(2) of this section.

(l) The owner or operator of an affected facility demonstrating compliance with the output-based standard under § 60.44a(d)(1) shall install, certify, operate, and maintain a continuous flow monitoring system meeting the requirements of Performance Specification 6 of appendix B and procedure 1 of appendix F of this subpart, and record the output of the system, for measuring the flow of exhaust gases discharged to the atmosphere; or

(m) Alternatively, data from a continuous flow monitoring system certified according to the requirements of 40 CFR 75.20, meeting the applicable quality control and quality assurance requirements of 40 CFR 75.21, and validated according to 40 CFR 75.23, may be used.

(n) Gas-fired and oil-fired units. The owner or operator of an affected unit that qualifies as a gas-fired or oil-fired unit, as defined in 40 CFR 72.2, may use, as an alternative to the requirements specified in either paragraph (l) or (m) of this section, a fuel flow monitoring system certified and operated according to the requirements of appendix D of 40 CFR part 75.

(o) The owner or operator of a duct burner, as described in § 60.41a, which is subject to the NOX standards of § 60.44a(a)(1) or (d)(1) is not required to install or operate a continuous emissions monitoring system to measure NOX emissions; a wattmeter to measure gross electrical output; meters to measure steam flow, temperature, and pressure; and a continuous flow monitoring system to measure the flow of exhaust gases discharged to the atmosphere.

§ 60.47a, Note Effective Date Note:

At 70 FR 28653, May 18, 2005, § 60.47a was redesignated as § 60.49a and new § 60.47a was redesignated from § 60.45a. At 70 FR 28654, May 18, 2005, newly redesignated § 60.49a was amended in paragraph (c)(2) by revising the existing references from “§ 60.49a” to “§ 60.51a” twice; in paragraph (g) by revising the existing reference from “§ 60.46a” to “§ 60.48a” and adding new paragraphs (p) through (s), effective July 18, 2005. For the convenience of the user, the added text is set forth as follows:

§ 60.49aEmission monitoring.

(p) The owner or operator of an affected facility demonstrating compliance with an Hg limit in § 60.45a shall install and operate a continuous emissions monitoring system (CEMS) to measure and record the concentration of Hg in the exhaust gases from each stack according to the requirements in paragraphs (p)(1) through (p)(3) of this section. Alternatively, for an affected facility that is also subject to the requirements of subpart I of part 75 of this chapter, the owner or operator may install, certify, maintain, operate and quality-assure the data from a Hg CEMS according to § 75.10 of this chapter and appendices A and B to part 75 of this chapter, in lieu of following the procedures in paragraphs (p)(1) through (p)(3) of this section.

(1) The owner or operator must install, operate, and maintain each CEMS according to Performance Specification 12A in appendix B to this part.

(2) The owner or operator must conduct a performance evaluation of each CEMS according to the requirements of § 60.13 and Performance Specification 12A in appendix B to this part.

(3) The owner or operator must operate each CEMS according to the requirements in paragraphs (p)(3)(i) through (iv) of this section.

(i) As specified in § 60.13(e)(2), each CEMS must complete a minimum of one cycle of operation (sampling, analyzing, and data recording) for each successive 15-minute period.

(ii) The owner or operator must reduce CEMS data as specified in § 60.13(h).

(iii) The owner or operator shall use all valid data points collected during the hour to calculate the hourly average Hg concentration.

(iv) The owner or operator must record the results of each required certification and quality assurance test of the CEMS.

(4) Mercury CEMS data collection must conform to paragraphs (p)(4)(i) through (iv) of this section.

(i) For each calendar month in which the affected unit operates, valid hourly Hg concentration data, stack gas volumetric flow rate data, moisture data (if required), and electrical output data (i.e., valid data for all of these parameters) shall be obtained for at least 75 percent of the unit operating hours in the month.

(ii) Data reported to meet the requirements of this subpart shall not include hours of unit startup, shutdown, or malfunction. In addition, for an affected facility that is also subject to subpart I of part 75 of this chapter, data reported to meet the requirements of this subpart shall not include data substituted using the missing data procedures in subpart D of part 75 of this chapter, nor shall the data have been bias adjusted according to the procedures of part 75 of this chapter.

(iii) If valid data are obtained for less than 75 percent of the unit operating hours in a month, you must discard the data collected in that month and replace the data with the mean of the individual monthly emission rate values determined in the last 12 months. In the 12-month rolling average calculation, this substitute Hg emission rate shall be weighted according to the number of unit operating hours in the month for which the data capture requirement of § 60.49a(p)(4)(i) was not met.

(iv) Notwithstanding the requirements of paragraph (p)(4)(iii) of this section, if valid data are obtained for less than 75 percent of the unit operating hours in another month in that same 12-month rolling average cycle, discard the data collected in that month and replace the data with the highest individual monthly emission rate determined in the last 12 months. In the 12-month rolling average calculation, this substitute Hg emission rate shall be weighted according to the number of unit operating hours in the month for which the data capture requirement of § 60.49a(p)(4)(i) was not met.

(q) As an alternative to the CEMS required in paragraph (p) of this section, the owner or operator may use a sorbent trap monitoring system (as defined in § 72.2 of this chapter) to monitor Hg concentration, according to the procedures described in § 75.15 of this chapter and appendix K to part 75 of this chapter.

(r) For Hg CEMS that measure Hg concentration on a dry basis or for sorbent trap monitoring systems, the emissions data must be corrected for the stack gas moisture content. A certified continuous moisture monitoring system that meets the requirements of § 75.11(b) of this chapter is acceptable for this purpose. Alternatively, the appropriate default moisture value, as specified in § 75.11(b) or § 75.12(b) of this chapter, may be used.

(s) The owner or operator shall prepare and submit to the Administrator for approval a unit-specific monitoring plan for each monitoring system, at least 45 days before commencing certification testing of the monitoring systems. The owner or operator shall comply with the requirements in your plan. The plan must address the requirements in paragraphs (s)(1) through (6) of this section.

(1) Installation of the CEMS sampling probe or other interface at a measurement location relative to each affected process unit such that the measurement is representative of the exhaust emissions (e.g., on or downstream of the last control device);

(2) Performance and equipment specifications for the sample interface, the pollutant concentration or parametric signal analyzer, and the data collection and reduction systems;

(3) Performance evaluation procedures and acceptance criteria (e.g., calibrations, relative accuracy test audits (RATA), etc.);

(4) Ongoing operation and maintenance procedures in accordance with the general requirements of § 60.13(d) or part 75 of this chapter (as applicable);

(5) Ongoing data quality assurance procedures in accordance with the general requirements of § 60.13 or part 75 of this chapter (as applicable); and

(6) Ongoing record keeping and reporting procedures in accordance with the requirements of this subpart.