§ 435.108 - Heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) equipment.

8.1General

8.1.1This section contains minimum requirements for fundamental to good practice and/or the minimum acceptable state-of-the-art in energy efficient HVAC equipment.

8.1.2A building shall be considered in compliance with this section if the minimum requirements of Section 8.3 are met.

8.2Principles of Design

8.2.1The rate of energy input(s) and the heating or cooling output(s) of all HVAC products shall be ascertained. This information shall be based on equipment in new condition, and shall cover full load, partial load, and standby conditions. The information shall also include performance data for modes of equipment operation and at ambient conditions as specified in the minimum equipment performance requirements below.

8.2.2Source Systems

8.2.2.1To allow for HVAC equipment operation at the highest efficiencies, conversion devices shall be matched to load increments, and operation of modules shall be sequenced. Oversized or large scale systems shall never be used to serve small seasonal loads (e.g., a large heating boiler to serve a summer service water heating load). Specific “low load” units shall be incorporated in the design where prolonged use at minimal capacities is expected.

8.2.2.2Storage techniques should be used to level or distribute loads that vary on a time or spatial basis to allow operation of a device at maximum (full-load) efficiency.

8.2.2.3All equipment shall be the most efficient (or highest COP) practical, at both design and reduced capacity (part-load) operating conditions.

8.2.2.4Fluid temperatures for heating equipment shall be as low as practical and for cooling equipment as high as practical, while meeting loads and minimizing flow quantities.

8.3Minimum Requirements 8.3.1Equipment Efficiency

8.3.1.1Minimum Equipment Efficiency. Equipment shall have a minimum efficiency at the specified rating conditions, not less than the values shown in Tables 8.3-1 through 8.3-10. Minimum efficiencies for equipment using chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) refrigerants reflect the assumption that the use of certain refrigerants may be restricted because of ozone layer depletion concerns.

8.3.1.2Data furnished by the equipment supplier or certified under a nationally-recognized certification program or rating procedure may be used to satisfy these requirements.

8.3.1.3Integrated Part-Load Value (IPLV) is the descriptor for part-load efficiency for certain types of equipment. The IPLVs are found in the referenced ARI Standards. Compliance with minimum efficiency requirements specified for certain HVAC equipment shall include compliance with part-load requirements as well as standard or full-load requirements.

8.3.1.4If nationally-recognized test procedures for combined equipment are not available, efficiencies for service water heating shall be determined using data provided by equipment and component manufacturers, employing reasonable assumptions concerning uncertain parameters.

8.3.1.5Omission of minimum performance requirements for certain classes of HVAC equipment does not preclude use of such equipment where appropriate.

8.3.2Field Assembled Equipment and Components

8.3.2.1Where components, such as indoor or outdoor coils, from more than one manufacturer are used as parts of a cooling or heating unit, it shall be the responsibility of the system designer to specify component efficiencies, which when combined will provide equipment that is in compliance with the requirements of these standards, based on data provided by the component manufacturers.

8.3.2.2Total on-site energy input to the equipment shall be determined by combining the energy inputs to all components, elements, and accessories including but not limited to compressor(s), internal circulating pump(s), condenser-air fan(s), evaporative-condenser cooling water pump(s), purge devices, viscosity control heaters, and controls.

8.3.2.3Heat-Operated Water Chilling Package. Double-effect, heat-operated water chilling packages shall be used in lieu of single-effect equipment, due to their higher efficiency, except where the energy input is from low temperature waste-heat or non-depletable energy sources.

8.3.3Equipment Controls

8.3.3.3Heat pumps equipped with supplementary resistance heaters for comfort heating shall be installed with a control to prevent heater operation when the heating load can be met by the heat pump. A two-stage room thermostat, that controls the supplementary heat on its second stage, will meet this requirement. Supplementary heater operation is permitted where it can be shown that supplementary heating reduces energy use. Supplementary heater operation is permitted during short transient periods of less than 15 minutes during defrost cycles.

8.3.3.3.1Controls shall provide a means of activating the supplementary heat source on an emergency basis and a visible indicator shall be provided to indicate the emergency heat status.

8.3.3.4Cooling Equipment Auxiliary Controls. Evaporator coil frosting and excessive compressor cycling at part-load conditions shall not be controlled by use of either hot gas by-pass or evaporator pressure regulator control.

8.3.4Comfort Heating Equipment

8.3.4.1The designer shall obtain data and information from the manufacturer of electric resistance comfort heating equipment regarding full-load and part-load energy consumption of the heating equipment over the range of voltages at which the equipment is intended to operate. All auxiliaries required for the operation of the heater equipment such as, but not limited to fans, pumps, viscosity control heaters, fuel handling equipment, and blowers shall be included in the energy input data provided by the manufacturer(s).

8.3.5Maintenance

8.3.5.1Provisions shall be made to provide necessary preventive maintenance information to maintain efficient operation of all HVAC equipment.

EC04OC91.211 EC04OC91.212 EC04OC91.213 EC04OC91.214 EC04OC91.215 EC04OC91.216 EC04OC91.217 EC04OC91.218 EC04OC91.219 EC04OC91.220 EC04OC91.221