Appendix A to Part 145

Link to an amendment published at 66 FR 41117, Aug. 6, 2001. Note:

When an asterisk (*) is shown after any job function listed in this appendix it indicates that the applicant need not have the equipment and material on his premises for performing this job function provided he contracts that particular type work to an outside agency having such equipment and material.

(a) An applicant for a Class 1, 2, 3, or 4 airframe rating must provide equipment and material necessary for efficiently performing the following job functions:

(1) Steel structural components:

Repair or replace steel tubes and fittings using the proper welding techniques when appropriate.

Anticorrosion treatment of the interior and exterior of steel parts,

Metal plating or anodizing*,

Simple machine operations such as making bushings, bolts, etc.,

Complex machine operations involving the use of planers, shapers, milling machines, etc.*,

Fabricate steel fittings,

Abrasive air blasting and chemical cleaning operations*,

Heat treatment*,

Magnetic inspection*,

Repair or rebuilt metal tanks*.

(2) Wood structure:

Splice wood spars,

Repair ribs and spars (wood),

Fabricate wood spars*,

Repair or replace metal ribs,

Interior alignment of wings,

Repair or replace plywood skin,

Treatment against wood decay.

(3) Alloy skin and structural components:

Repair and replace metal skin, using power tools and equipment,

Repair and replace alloy members and components such as tubes, channels, cowlings, fittings, attach angles, etc.,

Alignment of components using jigs or fixtures as in the case of joining fuselage sections or other similar operations,

Make up wooden forming blocks or dies,

Fluorescent inspection of alloy components*,

Fabricate alloy members and components such as tubes, channels, cowlings, fittings, attach angles, etc.*

(4) Fabric covering:

Repairs to fabric surfaces,

Recovering and refinishing of components and entire aircraft*.

(5) Control systems:

Renewing control cables, using swaging and splicing techniques,

Rigging complete control system,

Renewing or repairing all control system hinge point components such as pins, bushings, etc.,

Install control system units and components.

(6) Landing gear systems:

Renew or repair all landing gear hinge point components and attachments such as bolts, bushings, fittings, etc.,

Overhaul and repair elastic shock absorber units,

Overhaul and repair hydraulic-pneumatic shock absorber units*,

Overhaul and repair brake system components*,

Conduct retraction cycle tests,

Overhaul and repair electrical circuits,

Overhaul and repair hydraulic system components*,

Repair or fabricate hydraulic lines.

(7) Electric wiring systems:

Diagnose malfunctions,

Repair or replace wiring,

Installation of electrical equipment,

Bench check electrical components (this check is not to be confused with the more complex functional test after overhaul).

(8) Assembly operations:

Assembly of airframe component parts such as landing gear, wings, controls, etc.,

Rigging and alignment of airframe components, including the complete aircraft and control system,

Installation of powerplants,

Installation of instruments and accessories,

Assembly and fitting of cowling, fairings, etc.,

Repair and assembly of plastic components such as windshields, windows, etc.,

Jack or hoist complete aircraft.

Conduct aircraft weight and balance operations (this function will be conducted in draft-free area)*,

Balance control surfaces.

(b) An applicant for any class of power-plant rating must provide equipment and material necessary for efficiently performing the following job functions appropriate to the class of rating applied for:

(1) Classes 1 and 2. (i) Maintain and alter powerplants, including replacement of parts:

Chemical and mechanical cleaning,

Disassembly operations,

Replacement of valve guides and seats*,

Replacement of bushings, bearings, pins, inserts, etc.,

Plating operations (copper, silver, cadmium, etc.)*,

Heating operations (involving the use of recommended techniques requiring controlled heating facilities),

Chilling or shrinking operations,

Removal and replacement of studs,

Inscribing or affixing identification information,

Painting of powerplants and components,

Anticorrosion treatment for parts,

Replacement and repair of powerplant alloy sheet metal and steel components such as baffles, fittings, etc.*

(ii) Inspect all parts, using appropriate inspection aids:

Magnetic, fluorescent and other acceptable inspection aids*,

Precise determination of clearances and tolerances of all parts,

Inspection for alignment of connecting rods, crankshafts, impeller shafts, etc.,

Balancing of parts, including crankshafts, impellers, etc.*,

Inspection of valve springs.

(iii) Accomplish routine machine work:

Precision grinding, honing and lapping operations (includes crankshaft, cylinder barrels, etc.)*,

Precision drilling, tapping, boring, milling and cutting operations*,

Reaming of inserts, bushings, bearings and other similar components,

Refacing of valves.

(iv) Perform assembly operations:

Valve and ignition timing operations,

Fabricate and test ignition harnesses,

Fabricate and test rigid and flexible fluid lines,

Prepare engines for long- or short-term storage,

Functional check powerplant accessories (this check is not to be confused with the more complex performance test of overhaul)*,

Hoist engines by mechanical means,

Install engines in aircraft*,

Align and adjust engine controls*,

Installation of engines in aircraft and alignment and adjustment of engine controls, when completed, must be inspected by either an appropriately rated certificated mechanic or certificated repairman. Persons supervising or inspecting these functions must thoroughly understand the pertinent installation details involved.

(v) Test overhauled powerplants in compliance with manufacturers’ recommendations: The test equipment will be the same as recommended by the manufacturers of the particular engines undergoing test or equivalent equipment that will accomplish the same purpose. The testing function may be performed by the repair station itself, or may be contracted to an outside agency. In either case the repair station will be responsible for the final acceptance of the tested engine.

(2) Class 3. Functional and equipment requirements for turbine engines will be governed entirely by the recommendations of the manufacturer, including techniques, inspection methods, and test.

(c) An applicant for any class of propeller rating must provide equipment and material necessary for efficiently performing the following job functions appropriate to the class of rating applied for:

(1) Class 1. (i) Maintain and alter propellers, including installation and replacement of parts:

Replace blade tipping,

Refinish wood propellers,

Make wood inlays,

Refinish plastic blades,

Straighten bent blades within repairable tolerances,

Modify blade diameter and profile,

Polish and buff,

Painting operations,

Remove from and reinstall on powerplants.

(ii) Inspect components, using appropriate inspection aids:

Inspect propellers for conformity with manufacturer's drawings and specifications,

Inspect hubs and blades for failures and defects, using magnetic or fluorescent inspection devices*,

Inspect hubs and blades for failures and defects, using all visual aids, including the etching of parts,

Inspect hubs for wear of splines or keyways or any other defect.

(iii) Repair or replace components: (Not applicable to this class).

(iv) Balance propellers:

Test for proper track on aircraft,

Test for horizontal and vertical unbalance (this test will be accomplished with the use of precision equipment).

(v) Test propeller pitch-changing mechanisms: (Not applicable to this class).

(2) Class 2. (i) Maintain and alter propellers, including installation and the replacement of parts:

All functions listed under paragraph (c)(1)(i) of this appendix when applicable to the make and model propeller for which a rating is sought,

Properly lubricate moving parts,

Assemble complete propeller and subassemblies, using special tools when required.

(ii) Inspect components, using appropriate inspection aids: All functions listed under paragraph (c)(1)(ii) of this appendix when applicable to the make and model propeller for which a rating is sought.

(iii) Repair or replace component parts:

Replace blades, hubs, or any of their components,

Repair or replace anti-icing devices,

Remove nicks or scratches from metal blades,

Repair or replace electrical propeller components.

(iv) Balance propellers: All functions listed under paragraph (c)(1)(iv) of this appendix when applicable to the make and model propeller for which a rating is sought.

(v) Test propeller pitch-changing mechanism:

Test hydraulically, propellers and components,

Test electrically operated propellers and components,

Test of constant speed devices*.

(d) An applicant for a radio rating must provide equipment and materials as follows:

(1) For a Class 1 (Communications) radio rating, the equipment and materials necessary for efficiently performing the job functions listed in paragraph (4) and the following job functions:

The testing and repair of headsets, speakers, and microphones.

The measuring of radio transmitter power output.

(2) For a Class 2 (Navigation) radio rating, the equipment and materials necessary for efficiently performing the job functions listed in paragraph (4) and the following job functions:

The testing and repair of headsets.

The testing of speakers.

The repair of speakers.*

The measuring of loop antenna sensitivity by appropriate methods.

The determination and compensation for quadrantal error in aircraft direction finder radio equipment.

The calibration of any radio navigational equipment, enroute and approach aids, or similar equipment, appropriate to this rating to approved performance standards.

(3) For Class 3 (Radar) radio rating, the equipment and materials necessary for efficiently performing the job functions listed in paragraph (4) and the following job functions:

The measuring of radio transmitter power output.

The metal plating of transmission lines, wave guides, and similar equipment in accordance with appropriate specifications.*

The pressurization of appropriate radar equipment with dry air, nitrogen, or other specified gases.

(4) For all classes of radio ratings, the equipment and materials necessary for efficiently performing the following job functions:

Perform physical inspection of radio systems and components by visual and mechanical methods.

Perform electrical inspection of radio systems and components by means of appropriate electrical and/or electronic test instruments.

Check aircraft wiring, antennas, connectors, relays, and other associated radio components to detect installation faults.

Check engine ignition systems and aircraft accessories to determine sources of electrical interference.

Check aircraft power supplies for adequacy and proper functioning.

Test radio instruments.*

Overhaul, test, and check dynamotors, inverters, and other radio electrical apparatus.*

Paint and refinish equipment containers.*

Accomplish appropriate methods of marking calibrations, or other information on radio control panels and other components, as required.*

Make and reproduce drawings, wiring diagrams, and other similar material required to record alterations and/or modifications to radio (photographs may be used in lieu of drawings when they will serve as an equivalent or better means of recording).*

Fabricate tuning shaft assemblies, brackets, cable assemblies, and other similar components used in radios or aircraft radio installations.*

Align tuned circuits (RF and IF).

Install and repair aircraft antennas.

Install complete radio systems in aircraft and prepare weight and balance reports* (That phase of radio installation requiring alterations to the aircraft structure must be performed, supervised, and inspected by qualified personnel).

Measure modulation values, noise, and distortion in radios.

Measure audio and radio frequencies to appropriate tolerances and perform calibration necessary for the proper operation of radios.

Measure radio component values (inductance, capacitance, resistance, etc.).

Measure radiofrequency transmission line attenuation.

Determine wave forms and phase in radios when applicable.

Determine proper aircraft radio antenna, lead-in and transmission line characteristics and locations for type of radio equipment to which connected.

Determine operational condition of radio equipment installed in aircraft by using appropriate portable test apparatus.

Determine proper location for radio antennas on aircraft.

Test all types of electronic tubes, transistors, or similar devices in equipment appropriate to the rating.

(e) An applicant for any class of instrument rating must provide equipment and material necessary for efficiently performing the following job functions, in accordance with pertinent specifications and manufacturers’ recommendations, appropriate to the class of rating applied for:

(1) Class 1. (i) Diagnose instrument malfunctions: Diagnose malfunctioning of the following instruments:

Rate of climb indicators,

Altimeters,

Air speed indicators,

Vacuum indicators,

Oil pressure gauges,

Fuel pressure gauges,

Hydraulic pressure gauges,

Deicing pressure gauges,

Pitot-static tube,

Direct indicating compasses,

Accelerometer,

Direct indicating tachometers,

Direct reading fuel quantity gauges,

Optical (sextants, drift sights, etc.)*.

(ii) Maintain and alter instruments, including installation and replacement of parts:

Perform these functions on instruments listed under paragraph (e)(1)(i) of this appendix.

The function of installation includes fabrication of instrument panels and other installation structural components. The repair station should be equipped to perform this function. However, it may be contracted to a competent outside agency equipped to perform the function.

(iii) Inspect, test and calibrate instruments: Perform these functions on instruments listed under paragraph (e)(1)(i) of this appendix, on and off the aircraft, when appropriate.

(2) Class 2. (i) Diagnose instrument malfunctions: Diagnose malfunctioning of the following instruments:

Tachometers,

Synchroscope,

Electric temperature indicators,

Electric resistance type indicators,

Moving magnet type indicators,

Resistance type fuel indicators,

Warning units (oil-fuel),

Selsyn systems and indicators,

Self-synchronous systems and indicators,

Remote indicating compasses,

Fuel quantity indicators,

Oil quantity indicators,

Radio indicators,

Ammeters,

Voltmeters.

(ii) Maintain and alter instruments, including installation and the replacement of parts:

Perform these functions on instruments listed under paragraph (e)(2)(i) of this appendix.

The function of installation includes fabrication of instrument panels and other installation structural components. The repair station should be equipped to perform this function. However, it may be contracted to a competent outside agency equipped to perform the function.

(iii) Inspect, test and calibrate instruments: Perform these functions on instruments listed under paragraph (e)(2)(i) of this appendix, on and off the aircraft, when appropriate.

(3) Class 3. (i) Diagnose instrument malfunctions: Diagnose malfunctioning of the following instruments:

Turn and bank indicators,

Directional gyros,

Horizon gyros,

Auto pilot control units and components*,

Remote reading direction indicators*.

(ii) Maintain and alter instruments, including installation and replacement of parts:

Perform these functions on instruments listed under paragraph (e)(3)(i) of this appendix.

The function of installation includes fabrication of instrument panels and other installation structural components. The repair station should be equipped to perform this function. However, it may be contracted to a competent outside agency equipped to perform the function.

(iii) Inspect, test and calibrate instruments: Perform these functions on instruments listed under paragraph (e)(3)(i) of this appendix, on and off the aircraft, when appropriate.

(4) Class 4. (i) Diagnose instrument malfunctions: Diagnose malfunctioning of the following instruments:

Capacitance type quantity gauge,

Other electronic instruments,

Engine analyzers.

(ii) Maintain and alter instruments, including installation and replacement of parts:

Perform these functions on instruments listed under paragraph (e)(4)(i) of this appendix.

The function of installation includes fabrication of instrument panels and other installation structural components. The repair station should be equipped to perform this function. However, it may be contracted to a competent outside agency equipped to perform the function.

(iii) Inspect, test and calibrate instruments: Perform these functions on instruments listed under paragraph (e)(4)(i) of this appendix, on and off the aircraft, when appropriate.

(f) An applicant for a Class 1, 2, or 3 accessory rating must provide equipment and material necessary for efficiently performing the following job functions, in accordance with pertinent specifications and the manufacturers’ recommendations:

(1) Diagnose accessory malfunctions.

(2) Maintain and alter accessories, including installation and the replacement of the parts.

(3) Inspect, test, and, where necessary, calibrate accessories.

Effective Date Note:

At 66 FR 41117, Aug. 6, 2001, Appendix A to part 145 was removed, effective Apr. 6, 2003.

Effective Date Note:

At 66 FR 41117, Aug. 6, 2001, part 145 was amended by revising subparts A through D, and adding subpart E, (SFAR No. 36 Note remains unchanged), effective Apr. 6, 2003, with the exception of § 145.163 which is effective April 6, 2005. For the convenience of the user, the revised text follows:

PART 145—REPAIR STATIONSSubpart A—GeneralSec.145.1Applicability.145.3Definition of terms.145.5Certificate and operations specifications requirements.Subpart B—Certification145.51 Application for certificate.145.53Issue of certificate.145.55Duration and renewal of certificate.145.57Amendment to or transfer of certificate.145.59Ratings.145.61Limited ratings.Subpart C—Housing, Facilities, Equipment, Materials, and Data145.101General.145.103Housing and facilities requirements.145.105Change of location, housing, or facilities.145.107Satellite repair stations.145.109Equipment, materials, and data requirements.Subpart D—Personnel145.151Personnel requirements.145.153Supervisory personnel requirements.145.155Inspection personnel requirements.145.157Personnel authorized to approve an article for return to service.145.159Recommendation of a person for certification as a repairman.145.161Records of management, supervisory, and inspection personnel.145.163Training requirements.Subpart E—Operating Rules145.201 Privileges and limitations of certificate.145.203Work performed at another location.145.205Maintenance, preventive maintenance, and alterations performed for certificate holders under parts 121, 125, and 135, and for foreign air carriers or foreign persons operating a U.S.-registered aircraft in common carriage under part 129.145.207Repair station manual.145.209Repair station manual contents.145.211Quality control system.145.213Inspection of maintenance, preventive maintenance, or alterations.145.215Capability list.145.217Contract maintenance.145.219Recordkeeping.145.221Reports of failures, malfunctions, or defects.145.223FAA inspections.Subpart A—General

§ 145.1Applicability.

This part describes how to obtain a repair station certificate. This part also contains the rules a certificated repair station must follow related to its performance of maintenance, preventive maintenance, or alterations of an aircraft, airframe, aircraft engine, propeller, appliance, or component part to which part 43 applies. It also applies to any person who holds, or is required to hold, a repair station certificate issued under this part.

§ 145.3Definition of terms.

For the purposes of this part, the following definitions apply:

(a) Accountable manager means the person designated by the certificated repair station who is responsible for and has the authority over all repair station operations that are conducted under part 145, including ensuring that repair station personnel follow the regulations and serving as the primary contact with the FAA.

(b) Article means an aircraft, airframe, aircraft engine, propeller, appliance, or component part.

(c) Directly in charge means having the responsibility for the work of a certificated repair station that performs maintenance, preventive maintenance, alterations, or other functions affecting aircraft airworthiness. A person directly in charge does not need to physically observe and direct each worker constantly but must be available for consultation on matters requiring instruction or decision from higher authority.

(d) Line maintenance means—

(1) Any unscheduled maintenance resulting from unforeseen events; or

(2) Scheduled checks that contain servicing and/or inspections that do not require specialized training, equipment, or facilities.

§ 145.5Certificate and operations specifications requirements.

(a) No person may operate as a certificated repair station without, or in violation of, a repair station certificate, ratings, or operations specifications issued under this part.

(b) The certificate and operations specifications issued to a certificated repair station must be available on the premises for inspection by the public and the FAA.

Subpart B—Certification

§ 145.51Application for certificate.

(a) An application for a repair station certificate and rating must be made in a format acceptable to the FAA and must include the following:

(1) A repair station manual acceptable to the FAA as required by § 145.207;

(2) A quality control manual acceptable to the FAA as required by § 145.211(c);

(3) A list by type, make, or model, as appropriate, of each article for which the application is made;

(4) An organizational chart of the repair station and the names and titles of managing and supervisory personnel;

(5) A description of the housing and facilities, including the physical address, in accordance with § 145.103;

(6) A list of the maintenance functions, for approval by the FAA, to be performed for the repair station under contract by another person in accordance with § 145.217; and

(7) A training program for approval by the FAA in accordance with § 145.163.

(b) The equipment, personnel, technical data, and housing and facilities required for the certificate and rating, or for an additional rating must be in place for inspection at the time of certification or rating approval by the FAA. An applicant may meet the equipment requirement of this paragraph if the applicant has a contract acceptable to the FAA with another person to make the equipment available to the applicant at the time of certification and at any time that it is necessary when the relevant work is being performed by the repair station.

(c) In addition to meeting the other applicable requirements for a repair station certificate and rating, an applicant for a repair station certificate and rating located outside the United States must meet the following requirements:

(1) The applicant must show that the repair station certificate and/or rating is necessary for maintaining or altering the following:

(i) U.S.-registered aircraft and articles for use on U.S.-registered aircraft, or

(ii) Foreign-registered aircraft operated under the provisions of part 121 or part 135, and articles for use on these aircraft.

(2) The applicant must show that the fee prescribed by the FAA has been paid.

(d) An application for an additional rating, amended repair station certificate, or renewal of a repair station certificate must be made in a format acceptable to the FAA. The application must include only that information necessary to substantiate the change or renewal of the certificate.

§ 145.53Issue of certificate.

(a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, a person who meets the requirements of this part is entitled to a repair station certificate with appropriate ratings prescribing such operations specifications and limitations as are necessary in the interest of safety.

(b) If the person is located in a country with which the United States has a bilateral aviation safety agreement, the FAA may find that the person meets the requirements of this part based on a certification from the civil aviation authority of that country. This certification must be made in accordance with implementation procedures signed by the Administrator or the Administrator's designee.

§ 145.55Duration and renewal of certificate.

(a) A certificate or rating issued to a repair station located in the United States is effective from the date of issue until the repair station surrenders it or the FAA suspends or revokes it.

(b) A certificate or rating issued to a repair station located outside the United States is effective from the date of issue until the last day of the 12th month after the date of issue unless the repair station surrenders the certificate or the FAA suspends or revokes it. The FAA may renew the certificate or rating for 24 months if the repair station has operated in compliance with the applicable requirements of part 145 within the preceding certificate duration period.

(c) A certificated repair station located outside the United States that applies for a renewal of its repair station certificate must—

(1) Submit its request for renewal no later than 30 days before the repair station's current certificate expires. If a request for renewal is not made within this period, the repair station must follow the application procedures in § 145.51.

(2) Send its request for renewal to the FAA office that has jurisdiction over the certificated repair station.

(d) The holder of an expired, surrendered, suspended, or revoked certificate must return it to the FAA.

§ 145.57Amendment to or transfer of certificate.

(a) The holder of a repair station certificate must apply for a change to its certificate in a format acceptable to the FAA. A change to the certificate is necessary if the certificate holder—

(1) Changes the location of the repair station, or

(2) Requests to add or amend a rating.

(b) If the holder of a repair station certificate sells or transfers its assets, the new owner must apply for an amended certificate in accordance with § 145.51.

§ 145.59Ratings.

The following ratings are issued under this subpart:

(a) Airframe ratings.

(1) Class 1: Composite construction of small aircraft.

(2) Class 2: Composite construction of large aircraft.

(3) Class 3: All-metal construction of small aircraft.

(4) Class 4: All-metal construction of large aircraft.

(b) Powerplant ratings.

(1) Class 1: Reciprocating engines of 400 horsepower or less.

(2) Class 2: Reciprocating engines of more than 400 horsepower.

(3) Class 3: Turbine engines.

(c) Propeller ratings.

(1) Class 1: Fixed-pitch and ground-adjustable propellers of wood, metal, or composite construction.

(2) Class 2: Other propellers, by make.

(d) Radio ratings.

(1) Class 1: Communication equipment. Radio transmitting and/or receiving equipment used in an aircraft to send or receive communications in flight, regardless of carrier frequency or type of modulation used. This equipment includes auxiliary and related aircraft interphone systems, amplifier systems, electrical or electronic intercrew signaling devices, and similar equipment. This equipment does not include equipment used for navigating or aiding navigation of aircraft, equipment used for measuring altitude or terrain clearance, other measuring equipment operated on radio or radar principles, or mechanical, electrical, gyroscopic, or electronic instruments that are a part of communications radio equipment.

(2) Class 2: Navigational equipment. A radio system used in an aircraft for en route or approach navigation. This does not include equipment operated on radar or pulsed radio frequency principles, or equipment used for measuring altitude or terrain clearance.

(3) Class 3: Radar equipment. An aircraft electronic system operated on radar or pulsed radio frequency principles.

(e) Instrument ratings.

(1) Class 1: Mechanical. A diaphragm, bourdon tube, aneroid, optical, or mechanically driven centrifugal instrument used on aircraft or to operate aircraft, including tachometers, airspeed indicators, pressure gauges drift sights, magnetic compasses, altimeters, or similar mechanical instruments.

(2) Class 2: Electrical. Self-synchronous and electrical-indicating instruments and systems, including remote indicating instruments, cylinder head temperature gauges, or similar electrical instruments.

(3) Class 3: Gyroscopic. An instrument or system using gyroscopic principles and motivated by air pressure or electrical energy, including automatic pilot control units, turn and bank indicators, directional gyros, and their parts, and flux gate and gyrosyn compasses.

(4) Class 4: Electronic. An instrument whose operation depends on electron tubes, transistors, or similar devices, including capacitance type quantity gauges, system amplifiers, and engine analyzers.

(f) Accessory ratings.

(1) Class 1: A mechanical accessory that depends on friction, hydraulics, mechanical linkage, or pneumatic pressure for operation, including aircraft wheel brakes, mechanically driven pumps, carburetors, aircraft wheel assemblies, shock absorber struts and hydraulic servo units.

(2) Class 2: An electrical accessory that depends on electrical energy for its operation, and a generator, including starters, voltage regulators, electric motors, electrically driven fuel pumps magnetos, or similar electrical accessories.

(3) Class 3: An electronic accessory that depends on the use of an electron tube transistor, or similar device, including supercharger, temperature, air conditioning controls, or similar electronic controls.

§ 145.61Limited ratings.

(a) The FAA may issue a limited rating to a certificated repair station that maintains or alters only a particular type of airframe, powerplant, propeller, radio, instrument, or accessory, or part thereof, or performs only specialized maintenance requiring equipment and skills not ordinarily performed under other repair station ratings. Such a rating may be limited to a specific model aircraft, engine, or constituent part, or to any number of parts made by a particular manufacturer.

(b) The FAA issues limited ratings for—

(1) Airframes of a particular make and model;

(2) Engines of a particular make and model;

(3) Propellers of a particular make and model;

(4) Instruments of a particular make and model;

(5) Radio equipment of a particular make and model;

(6) Accessories of a particular make and model;

(7) Landing gear components;

(8) Floats, by make;

(9) Nondestructive inspection, testing, and processing;

(10) Emergency equipment;

(11) Rotor blades, by make and model; and

(12) Aircraft fabric work.

(c) For a limited rating for specialized services, the operations specifications of the repair station must contain the specification used to perform the specialized service. The specification may be—

(1) A civil or military specification currently used by industry and approved by the FAA, or

(2) A specification developed by the applicant and approved by the FAA.

Subpart C—Housing, Facilities, Equipment, Materials, and Data

§ 145.101General.

A certificated repair station must provide housing, facilities, equipment, materials, and data that meet the applicable requirements for the issuance of the certificate and ratings the repair station holds.

§ 145.103Housing and facilities requirements.

(a) Each certificated repair station must provide—

(1) Housing for the facilities, equipment, materials, and personnel consistent with its ratings.

(2) Facilities for properly performing the maintenance, preventive maintenance, or alterations of articles or the specialized services for which it is rated. Facilities must include the following:

(i) Sufficient work space and areas for the proper segregation and protection of articles during all maintenance, preventive maintenance, or alterations;

(ii) Segregated work areas enabling environmentally hazardous or sensitive operations such as painting, cleaning, welding, avionics work, electronic work, and machining to be done properly and in a manner that does not adversely affect other maintenance or alteration articles or activities;

(iii) Suitable racks, hoists, trays, stands, and other segregation means for the storage and protection of all articles undergoing maintenance, preventive maintenance, or alterations;

(iv) Space sufficient to segregate articles and materials stocked for installation from those articles undergoing maintenance, preventive maintenance, or alterations; and

(v) Ventilation, lighting, and control of temperature, humidity, and other climatic conditions sufficient to ensure personnel perform maintenance, preventive maintenance, or alterations to the standards required by this part.

(b) A certificated repair station with an airframe rating must provide suitable permanent housing to enclose the largest type and model of aircraft listed on its operations specifications.

(c) A certificated repair station may perform maintenance, preventive maintenance, or alterations on articles outside of its housing if it provides suitable facilities that are acceptable to the FAA and meet the requirements of § 145.103(a) so that the work can be done in accordance with the requirements of part 43 of this chapter.

§ 145.105Change of location, housing, or facilities.

(a) A certificated repair station may not change the location of its housing without written approval from the FAA.

(b) A certificated repair station may not make any changes to its housing or facilities required by § 145.103 that could have a significant effect on its ability to perform the maintenance, preventive maintenance, or alterations under its repair station certificate and operations specifications without written approval from the FAA.

(c) The FAA may prescribe the conditions, including any limitations, under which a certificated repair station must operate while it is changing its location, housing, or facilities.

§ 145.107Satellite repair stations.

(a) A certificated repair station under the managerial control of another certificated repair station may operate as a satellite repair station with its own certificate issued by the FAA. A satellite repair station—

(1) May not hold a rating not held by the certificated repair station with managerial control;

(2) Must meet the requirements for each rating it holds;

(3) Must submit a repair station manual acceptable to the FAA as required by § 145.207; and

(4) Must submit a quality control manual acceptable to the FAA as required by § 145.211(c).

(b) Unless the FAA indicates otherwise, personnel and equipment from the certificated repair station with managerial control and from each of the satellite repair stations may be shared. However, inspection personnel must be designated for each satellite repair station and available at the satellite repair station any time a determination of airworthiness or return to service is made. In other circumstances, inspection personnel may be away from the premises but must be available by telephone, radio, or other electronic means.

(c) A satellite repair station may not be located in a country other than the domicile country of the certificated repair station with managerial control.

§ 145.109Equipment, materials, and data requirements.

(a) Except as otherwise prescribed by the FAA, a certificated repair station must have the equipment, tools, and materials necessary to perform the maintenance, preventive maintenance, or alterations under its repair station certificate and operations specifications in accordance with part 43. The equipment, tools, and material must be located on the premises and under the repair station's control when the work is being done.

(b) A certificated repair station must ensure all test and inspection equipment and tools used to make airworthiness determinations on articles are calibrated to a standard acceptable to the FAA.

(c) The equipment, tools, and material must be those recommended by the manufacturer of the article or must be at least equivalent to those recommended by the manufacturer and acceptable to the FAA.

(d) A certificated repair station must maintain, in a format acceptable to the FAA, the documents and data required for the performance of maintenance, preventive maintenance, or alterations under its repair station certificate and operations specifications in accordance with part 43. The following documents and data must be current and accessible when the relevant work is being done:

(1) Airworthiness directives,

(2) Instructions for continued airworthiness,

(3) Maintenance manuals,

(4) Overhaul manuals,

(5) Standard practice manuals,

(6) Service bulletins, and

(7) Other applicable data acceptable to or approved by the FAA.

Subpart D—Personnel

§ 145.151Personnel requirements.

Each certificated repair station must—

(a) Designate a repair station employee as the accountable manager;

(b) Provide qualified personnel to plan, supervise, perform, and approve for return to service the maintenance, preventive maintenance, or alterations performed under the repair station certificate and operations specifications;

(c) Ensure it has a sufficient number of employees with the training or knowledge and experience in the performance of maintenance, preventive maintenance, or alterations authorized by the repair station certificate and operations specifications to ensure all work is performed in accordance with part 43; and

(d) Determine the abilities of its noncertificated employees performing maintenance functions based on training, knowledge, experience, or practical tests.

§ 145.153Supervisory personnel requirements.

(a) A certificated repair station must ensure it has a sufficient number of supervisors to direct the work performed under the repair station certificate and operations specifications. The supervisors must oversee the work performed by any individuals who are unfamiliar with the methods, techniques, practices, aids, equipment, and tools used to perform the maintenance, preventive maintenance, or alterations.

(b) Each supervisor must—

(1) If employed by a repair station located inside the United States, be certificated under part 65.

(2) If employed by a repair station located outside the United States—

(i) Have a minimum of 18 months of practical experience in the work being performed; or

(ii) Be trained in or thoroughly familiar with the methods, techniques, practices, aids, equipment, and tools used to perform the maintenance, preventive maintenance, or alterations.

(c) A certificated repair station must ensure its supervisors understand, read, and write English.

§ 145.155Inspection personnel requirements.

(a) A certificated repair station must ensure that persons performing inspections under the repair station certificate and operations specifications are—

(1) Thoroughly familiar with the applicable regulations in this chapter and with the inspection methods, techniques, practices, aids, equipment, and tools used to determine the airworthiness of the article on which maintenance, preventive maintenance, or alterations are being performed; and

(2) Proficient in using the various types of inspection equipment and visual inspection aids appropriate for the article being inspected; and

(b) A certificated repair station must ensure its inspectors understand, read, and write English.

§ 145.157Personnel authorized to approve an article for return to service.

(a) A certificated repair station located inside the United States must ensure each person authorized to approve an article for return to service under the repair station certificate and operations specifications is certificated under part 65.

(b) A certificated repair station located outside the United States must ensure each person authorized to approve an article for return to service under the repair station certificate and operations specifications is—

(1) Trained in or has 18 months practical experience with the methods, techniques, practices, aids, equipment, and tools used to perform the maintenance, preventive maintenance, or alterations; and

(2) Thoroughly familiar with the applicable regulations in this chapter and proficient in the use of the various inspection methods, techniques, practices, aids, equipment, and tools appropriate for the work being performed and approved for return to service.

(c) A certificated repair station must ensure each person authorized to approve an article for return to service understands, reads, and writes English.

§ 145.159Recommendation of a person for certification as a repairman.

A certificated repair station that chooses to use repairmen to meet the applicable personnel requirements of this part must certify in a format acceptable to the FAA that each person recommended for certification as a repairman—

(a) Is employed by the repair station, and

(b) Meets the eligibility requirements of § 65.101.

§ 145.161Records of management, supervisory, and inspection personnel.

(a) A certificated repair station must maintain and make available in a format acceptable to the FAA the following:

(1) A roster of management and supervisory personnel that includes the names of the repair station officials who are responsible for its management and the names of its supervisors who oversee maintenance functions.

(2) A roster with the names of all inspection personnel.

(3) A roster of personnel authorized to sign a maintenance release for approving a maintained or altered article for return to service.

(4) A summary of the employment of each individual whose name is on the personnel rosters required by paragraphs (a)(1) through (a)(3) of this section. The summary must contain enough information on each individual listed on the roster to show compliance with the experience requirements of this part and must include the following:

(i) Present title,

(ii) Total years of experience and the type of maintenance work performed,

(iii) Past relevant employment with names of employers and periods of employment,

(iv) Scope of present employment, and

(v) The type of mechanic or repairman certificate held and the ratings on that certificate, if applicable.

(b) Within 5 business days of the change, the rosters required by this section must reflect changes caused by termination, reassignment, change in duties or scope of assignment, or addition of personnel.

§ 145.163Training requirements.

(a) A certificated repair station must have an employee training program approved by the FAA that consists of initial and recurrent training. For purposes of meeting the requirements of this paragraph, beginning April 6, 2005—

(1) An applicant for a repair station certificate must submit a training program for approval by the FAA as required by § 145.51(a)(7).

(2) A repair station certificated before that date must submit its training program to the FAA for approval by the last day of the month in which its repair station certificate was issued.

(b) The training program must ensure each employee assigned to perform maintenance, preventive maintenance, or alterations, and inspection functions is capable of performing the assigned task.

(c) A certificated repair station must document, in a format acceptable to the FAA, the individual employee training required under paragraph (a) of this section. These training records must be retained for a minimum of 2 years.

(d) A certificated repair station must submit revisions to its training program to its certificate holding district office in accordance with the procedures required by § 145.209(e).

Subpart E—Operating Rules

§ 145.201Privileges and limitations of certificate.

(a) A certificated repair station may—

(1) Perform maintenance, preventive maintenance, or alterations in accordance with part 43 on any article for which it is rated and within the limitations in its operations specifications.

(2) Arrange for another person to perform the maintenance, preventive maintenance, or alterations of any article for which the certificated repair station is rated. If that person is not certificated under part 145, the certificated repair station must ensure that the noncertificated person follows a quality control system equivalent to the system followed by the certificated repair station.

(3) Approve for return to service any article for which it is rated after it has performed maintenance, preventive maintenance, or an alteration in accordance with part 43.

(b) A certificated repair station may not maintain or alter any article for which it is not rated, and may not maintain or alter any article for which it is rated if it requires special technical data, equipment, or facilities that are not available to it.

(c) A certificated repair station may not approve for return to service'

(1) Any article unless the maintenance, preventive maintenance, or alteration was performed in accordance with the applicable approved technical data or data acceptable to the FAA.

(2) Any article after a major repair or major alteration unless the major repair or major alteration was performed in accordance with applicable approved technical data; and

(3) Any experimental aircraft after a major repair or major alteration performed under § 43.1(b) unless the major repair or major alteration was performed in accordance with methods and applicable technical data acceptable to the FAA.

§ 145.203Work performed at another location.

A certificated repair station may temporarily transport material, equipment, and personnel needed to perform maintenance, preventive maintenance, alterations, or certain specialized services on an article for which it is rated to a place other than the repair station's fixed location if the following requirements are met:

(a) The work is necessary due to a special circumstance, as determined by the FAA; or

(b) It is necessary to perform such work on a recurring basis, and the repair station's manual includes the procedures for accomplishing maintenance, preventive maintenance, alterations, or specialized services at a place other than the repair station's fixed location.

§ 145.205Maintenance, preventive maintenance, and alterations performed for certificate holders under parts 121, 125, and 135, and for foreign air carriers or foreign persons operating a U.S.-registered aircraft in common carriage under part 129.

(a) A certificated repair station that performs maintenance, preventive maintenance, or alterations for an air carrier or commercial operator that has a continuous airworthiness maintenance program under part 121 or part 135 must follow the air carrier's or commercial operator's program and applicable sections of its maintenance manual.

(b) A certificated repair station that performs inspections for a certificate holder conducting operations under part 125 must follow the operator's FAA-approved inspection program.

(c) A certificated repair station that performs maintenance, preventive maintenance, or alterations for a foreign air carrier or foreign person operating a U.S.-registered aircraft under part 129 must follow the operator's FAA-approved maintenance program.

(d) Notwithstanding the housing requirement of § 145.103(b), the FAA may grant approval for a certificated repair station to perform line maintenance for an air carrier certificated under part 121 or part 135, or a foreign air carrier or foreign person operating a U.S.-registered aircraft in common carriage under part 129 on any aircraft of that air carrier or person, provided—

(1) The certificated repair station performs such line maintenance in accordance with the operator's manual, if applicable, and approved maintenance program;

(2) The certificated repair station has the necessary equipment, trained personnel, and technical data to perform such line maintenance; and

(3) The certificated repair station's operations specifications include an authorization to perform line maintenance.

§ 145.207Repair station manual.

(a) A certificated repair station must prepare and follow a repair station manual acceptable to the FAA.

(b) A certificated repair station must maintain a current repair station manual.

(c) A certificated repair station's current repair station manual must be accessible for use by repair station personnel required by subpart D of this part.

(d) A certificated repair station must provide to its certificate holding district office the current repair station manual in a format acceptable to the FAA.

(e) A certificated repair station must notify its certificate holding district office of each revision of its repair station manual in accordance with the procedures required by § 145.209(j).

§ 145.209Repair station manual contents.

A certificated repair station's manual must include the following:

(a) An organizational chart identifying—

(1) Each management position with authority to act on behalf of the repair station,

(2) The area of responsibility assigned to each management position, and

(3) The duties, responsibilities, and authority of each management position;

(b) Procedures for maintaining and revising the rosters required by § 145.161;

(c) A description of the certificated repair station's operations, including the housing, facilities, equipment, and materials as required by subpart C of this part;

(d) Procedures for—

(1) Revising the capability list provided for in § 145.215 and notifying the certificate holding district office of revisions to the list, including how often the certificate holding district office will be notified of revisions; and

(2) The self-evaluation required under § 145.215(c) for revising the capability list, including methods and frequency of such evaluations, and procedures for reporting the results to the appropriate manager for review and action;

(e) Procedures for revising the training program required by § 145.163 and submitting revisions to the certificate holding district office for approval;

(f) Procedures to govern work performed at another location in accordance with § 145.203;

(g) Procedures for maintenance, preventive maintenance, or alterations performed under § 145.205;

(h)Procedures for—

(1) Maintaining and revising the contract maintenance information required by § 145.217(a)(2)(i), including submitting revisions to the certificate holding district office for approval; and

(2) Maintaining and revising the contract maintenance information required by § 145.217(a)(2)(ii) and notifying the certificate holding district office of revisions to this information, including how often the certificate holding district office will be notified of revisions;

(i) A description of the required records and the recordkeeping system used to obtain, store, and retrieve the required records;

(j) Procedures for revising the repair station's manual and notifying its certificate holding district office of revisions to the manual, including how often the certificate holding district office will be notified of revisions; and

(k) A description of the system used to identify and control sections of the repair station manual.

§ 145.211Quality control system.

(a) A certificated repair station must establish and maintain a quality control system acceptable to the FAA that ensures the airworthiness of the articles on which the repair station or any of its contractors performs maintenance, preventive maintenance, or alterations.

(b) Repair station personnel must follow the quality control system when performing maintenance, preventive maintenance, or alterations under the repair station certificate and operations specifications.

(c) A certificated repair station must prepare and keep current a quality control manual in a format acceptable to the FAA that includes the following:

(1) A description of the system and procedures used for—

(i) Inspecting incoming raw materials to ensure acceptable quality;

(ii) Performing preliminary inspection of all articles that are maintained;

(iii) Inspecting all articles that have been involved in an accident for hidden damage before maintenance, preventive maintenance, or alteration is performed;

(iv) Establishing and maintaining proficiency of inspection personnel;

(v) Establishing and maintaining current technical data for maintaining articles;

(vi) Qualifying and surveilling noncertificated persons who perform maintenance, prevention maintenance, or alterations for the repair station;

(vii) Performing final inspection and return to service of maintained articles;

(viii) Calibrating measuring and test equipment used in maintaining articles, including the intervals at which the equipment will be calibrated; and

(ix) Taking corrective action on deficiencies;

(2) References, where applicable, to the manufacturer's inspection standards for a particular article, including reference to any data specified by that manufacturer;

(3) A sample of the inspection and maintenance forms and instructions for completing such forms or a reference to a separate forms manual; and

(4) Procedures for revising the quality control manual required under this section and notifying the certificate holding district office of the revisions, including how often the certificate holding district office will be notified of revisions.

(d) A certificated repair station must notify its certificate holding district office of revisions to its quality control manual.

§ 145.213Inspection of maintenance, preventive maintenance, or alterations.

(a) A certificated repair station must inspect each article upon which it has performed maintenance, preventive maintenance, or alterations as described in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section before approving that article for return to service.

(b) A certificated repair station must certify on an article's maintenance release that the article is airworthy with respect to the maintenance, preventive maintenance, or alterations performed after—

(1) The repair station performs work on the article; and

(2) An inspector inspects the article on which the repair station has performed work and determines it to be airworthy with respect to the work performed.

(c) For the purposes of paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section, an inspector must meet the requirements of § 145.155.

(d) Except for individuals employed by a repair station located outside the United States, only an employee certificated under part 65 is authorized to sign off on final inspections and maintenance releases for the repair station.

§ 145.215Capability list.

(a) A certificated repair station with a limited rating may perform maintenance, preventive maintenance, or alterations on an article if the article is listed on a current capability list acceptable to the FAA or on the repair station's operations specifications.

(b) The capability list must identify each article by make and model or other nomenclature designated by the article's manufacturer and be available in a format acceptable to the FAA.

(c) An article may be listed on the capability list only if the article is within the scope of the ratings of the repair station's certificate, and only after the repair station has performed a self-evaluation in accordance with the procedures under § 145.209(d)(2). The repair station must perform this self-evaluation to determine that the repair station has all of the housing, facilities, equipment, material, technical data, processes, and trained personnel in place to perform the work on the article as required by part 145. The repair station must retain on file documentation of the evaluation.

(d) Upon listing an additional article on its capability list, the repair station must provide its certificate holding district office with a copy of the revised list in accordance with the procedures required in § 145.209(d)(1).

§ 145.217Contract maintenance.

(a) A certificated repair station may contract a maintenance function pertaining to an article to an outside source provided—

(1) The FAA approves the maintenance function to be contracted to the outside source; and

(2) The repair station maintains and makes available to its certificate holding district office, in a format acceptable to the FAA, the following information:

(i) The maintenance functions contracted to each outside facility; and

(ii) The name of each outside facility to whom the repair station contracts maintenance functions and the type of certificate and ratings, if any, held by each facility.

(b) A certificated repair station may contract a maintenance function pertaining to an article to a noncertificated person provided—

(1) The noncertificated person follows a quality control system equivalent to the system followed by the certificated repair station;

(2) The certificated repair station remains directly in charge of the work performed by the noncertificated person; and

(3) The certificated repair station verifies, by test and/or inspection, that the work has been performed satisfactorily by the noncertificated person and that the article is airworthy before approving it for return to service.

(c) A certificated repair station may not provide only approval for return to service of a complete type-certificated product following contract maintenance, preventive maintenance, or alterations.

§ 145.219Recordkeeping.

(a) A certificated repair station must retain records in English that demonstrate compliance with the requirements of part 43. The records must be retained in a format acceptable to the FAA.

(b) A certificated repair station must provide a copy of the maintenance release to the owner or operator of the article on which the maintenance, preventive maintenance, or alteration was performed.

(c) A certificated repair station must retain the records required by this section for at least 2 years from the date the article was approved for return to service.

(d) A certificated repair station must make all required records available for inspection by the FAA and the National Transportation Safety Board.

§ 145.221Reports of failures, malfunctions, or defects.

(a) A certificated repair station must report to the FAA within 96 hours after it discovers any failure, malfunction, or defect of an article. The report must be in a format acceptable to the FAA.

(b) The report required under paragraph (a) of this section must include as much of the following information as is available:

(1) Aircraft registration number;

(2) Type, make, and model of the article;

(3) Date of the discovery of the failure, malfunction, or defect;

(4) Nature of the failure, malfunction, or defect;

(5) Time since last overhaul, if applicable;

(6) Apparent cause of the failure, malfunction, or defect; and

(7) Other pertinent information that is necessary for more complete identification, determination of seriousness, or corrective action.

(c) The holder of a repair station certificate that is also the holder of a part 121, 125, or 135 certificate; type certificate (including a supplemental type certificate); parts manufacturer approval; or technical standard order authorization, or that is the licensee of a type certificate holder, does not need to report a failure, malfunction, or defect under this section if the failure, malfunction, or defect has been reported under § 21.3, 121.703, 121.704, 125.409, 125.410, 135.415, or 135.416 of this chapter.

(d) A certificated repair station may submit a service difficulty report (operational or structural) for the following:

(1) A part 121 certificate holder under § 121.703(g) or § 121.704(f), provided the report meets the requirements of §§ 121.703(d) and 121.703(e), or §§ 121.704(c) and 121.704(d) of this chapter, as appropriate.

(2) A part 125 certificate holder under § 125.409(g) or § 125.410(f), provided the report meets the requirements of §§ 125.409(d) and 125.409(e), or §§ 125.410(c) and 125.410(d) of this chapter, as appropriate;

(3) A part 135 certificate holder under § 135.415(g) or § 135.416(f), provided the report meets the requirements of §§ 135.415(d) and 135.415(e), or § 135.416(c) and 135.416(d) of the chapter, as appropriate.

(e) A certificated repair station authorized to report a failure, malfunction, or defect under paragraph (d) of this section must not report the same failure, malfunction, or defect under paragraph (a) of this section. A copy of the report submitted under paragraph (d) of this section must be forwarded to the certificate holder.

§ 145.223FAA inspections.

(a) A certificated repair station must allow the FAA to inspect that repair station at any time to determine compliance with this chapter.

(b) A certificated repair station may not contract for the performance of a maintenance function on an article with a noncertificated person unless it provides in its contract with the noncertificated person that the FAA may make an inspection and observe the performance of the noncertificated person's work on the article.

(c) A certificated repair station may not return to service any article on which a maintenance function was performed by a noncertificated person if the noncertificated person does not permit the FAA to make the inspection described in paragraph (b) of this section.

Pt. 147PART 147—AVIATION MAINTENANCE TECHNICIAN SCHOOLSSubpart A—GeneralSec.147.1Applicability.147.3Certificate required.147.5Application and issue.147.7Duration of certificates.Subpart B—Certification Requirements147.11Ratings.147.13Facilities, equipment, and material requirements.147.15Space requirements.147.17Instructional equipment requirements.147.19Materials, special tools, and shop equipment requirements.147.21General curriculum requirements.147.23Instructor requirements.Subpart C—Operating Rules147.31Attendance and enrollment, tests, and credit for prior instruction or experience.147.33Records.147.35Transcripts and graduation certificates.147.36Maintenance of instructor requirements.147.37Maintenance of facilities, equipment, and material.147.38Maintenance of curriculum requirements.147.38aQuality of instruction.147.39Display of certificate.147.41Change of location.147.43Inspection.147.45Advertising.Appendix A to Part 147—Curriculum RequirementsAppendix B to Part 147—General Curriculum SubjectsAppendix C to Part 147—Airframe Curriculum SubjectsAppendix D to Part 147—Powerplant Curriculum SubjectsAuthority:

49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40113, 44701-44702, 44707-44709.

Source:

Docket No. 1157, 27 FR 6669 July 13, 1962, unless otherwise noted.

Subpart A—General

§ 147.1Applicability.

This part prescribes the requirements for issuing aviation maintenance technician school certificates and associated ratings and the general operating rules for the holders of those certificates and ratings.

§ 147.3Certificate required.

No person may operate as a certificated aviation maintenance technician school without, or in violation of, an aviation maintenance technician school certificate issued under this part.

[Doc. No. 15196, 41 FR 47230, Oct. 28, 1976]

§ 147.5Application and issue.

(a) An application for a certificate and rating, or for an additional rating, under this part is made on a form and in a manner prescribed by the Administrator, and submitted with—

(1) A description of the proposed curriculum;

(2) A list of the facilities and materials to be used;

(3) A list of its instructors, including the kind of certificate and ratings held and the certificate numbers; and

(4) A statement of the maximum number of students it expects to teach at any one time.

(b) An applicant who meets the requirements of this part is entitled to an aviation maintenance technician school certificate and associated ratings prescribing such operations specifications and limitations as are necessary in the interests of safety.

[Docket No. 1157, 27 FR 6669, July 13, 1962, as amended by Amdt. 147-5, 57 FR 28959, June 29, 1992]

§ 147.7Duration of certificates.

(a) An aviation maintenance technician school certificate or rating is effective until it is surrendered, suspended, or revoked.

(b) The holder of a certificate that is surrendered, suspended, or revoked, shall return it to the Administrator.

[Doc. No. 1157, 27 FR 6669, July 19, 1962, as amended by Amdt. 147-3, 41 FR 47230, Oct. 28, 1976]

Subpart B—Certification Requirements

§ 147.11Ratings.

The following ratings are issued under this part:

(a) Airframe.

(b) Powerplant.

(c) Airframe and powerplant.

§ 147.13Facilities, equipment, and material requirements.

An applicant for an aviation maintenance technician school certificate and rating, or for an additional rating, must have at least the facilities, equipment, and materials specified in §§ 147.15 to 147.19 that are appropriate to the rating he seeks.

§ 147.15Space requirements.

An applicant for an aviation maintenance technician school certificate and rating, or for an additional rating, must have such of the following properly heated, lighted, and ventilated facilities as are appropriate to the rating he seeks and as the Administrator determines are appropriate for the maximum number of students expected to be taught at any time:

(a) An enclosed classroom suitable for teaching theory classes.

(b) Suitable facilities, either central or located in training areas, arranged to assure proper separation from the working space, for parts, tools, materials, and similar articles.

(c) Suitable area for application of finishing materials, including paint spraying.

(d) Suitable areas equipped with washtank and degreasing equipment with air pressure or other adequate cleaning equipment.

(e) Suitable facilities for running engines.

(f) Suitable area with adequate equipment, including benches, tables, and test equipment, to disassemble, service, and inspect.

(1) Ignition, electrical equipment, and appliances;

(2) Carburetors and fuel systems; and

(3) Hydraulic and vacuum systems for aircraft, aircraft engines, and their appliances.

(g) Suitable space with adequate equipment, including tables, benches, stands, and jacks, for disassembling, inspecting, and rigging aircraft.

(h) Suitable space with adequate equipment for disassembling, inspecting, assembling, troubleshooting, and timing engines.

[Amdt. 147-2, 35 FR 5533, Apr. 3, 1970, as amended by Amdt. 147-5, 57 FR 28959, June 29, 1992]

§ 147.17Instructional equipment requirements.

(a) An applicant for a mechanic school certificate and rating, or for an additional rating, must have such of the following instructional equipment as is appropriate to the rating he seeks:

(1) Various kinds of airframe structures, airframe systems and components, powerplants, and powerplant systems and components (including propellers), of a quantity and type suitable to complete the practical projects required by its approved curriculums.

(2) At least one aircraft of a type currently certificated by FAA for private or commercial operation, with powerplant, propeller, instruments, navigation and communications equipment, landing lights, and other equipment and accessories on which a maintenance technician might be required to work and with which the technician should be familiar.

(b) The equipment required by paragraph (a) of this section need not be in an airworthy condition. However, if it was damaged, it must have been repaired enough for complete assembly.

(c) Airframes, powerplants, propellers, appliances, and components thereof, on which instruction is to be given, and from which practical working experience is to be gained, must be so diversified as to show the different methods of construction, assembly, inspection, and operation when installed in an aircraft for use. There must be enough units so that not more than eight students will work on any one unit at a time.

(d) If the aircraft used for instructional purposes does not have retractable landing gear and wing flaps, the school must provide training aids, or operational mock-ups of them.

[Doc. No. 1157, 27 FR 6669, July 19, 1962, as amended by Amdt. 147-5, 57 FR 28959, June 29, 1992]

§ 147.19Materials, special tools, and shop equipment requirements.

An applicant for an aviation maintenance technician school certificate and rating, or for an additional rating, must have an adequate supply of material, special tools, and such of the shop equipment as are appropriate to the approved curriculum of the school and are used in constructing and maintaining aircraft, to assure that each student will be properly instructed. The special tools and shop equipment must be in satisfactory working condition for the purpose for which they are to be used.

[Amdt. 147-5, 57 FR 28959, June 29, 1992]

§ 147.21General curriculum requirements.

(a) An applicant for an aviation maintenance technician school certificate and rating, or for an additional rating, must have an approved curriculum that is designed to qualify his students to perform the duties of a mechanic for a particular rating or ratings.

(b) The curriculum must offer at least the following number of hours of instruction for the rating shown, and the instruction unit hour shall not be less than 50 minutes in length—

(1) Airframe—1,150 hours (400 general plus 750 airframe).

(2) Powerplant—1,150 hours (400 general plus 750 powerplant).

(3) Combined airframe and powerplant—1,900 hours (400 general plus 750 airframe and 750 powerplant).

(c) The curriculum must cover the subjects and items prescribed in appendixes B, C, or D, as applicable. Each item must be taught to at least the indicated level of proficiency, as defined in appendix A.

(d) The curriculum must show—

(1) The required practical projects to be completed;

(2) For each subject, the proportions of theory and other instruction to be given; and

(3) A list of the minimum required school tests to be given.

(e) Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs (a) through (d) of this section and § 147.11, the holder of a certificate issued under subpart B of this part may apply for and receive approval of special courses in the performance of special inspection and preventive maintenance programs for a primary category aircraft type certificated under § 21.24(b) of this chapter. The school may also issue certificates of competency to persons successfully completing such courses provided that all other requirements of this part are met and the certificate of competency specifies the aircraft make and model to which the certificate applies.

[Doc. No. 1157, 27 FR 6669, July 13, 1962 as amended by Amdt. 147-1, 32 FR 5770 Apr. 11, 1967; Amdt. 147-5, 57 FR 28959, June 29, 1992; Amdt. 147-6, 57 FR 41370, Sept. 9, 1992]

§ 147.23Instructor requirements.

An applicant for an aviation maintenance technician school certificate and rating, or for an additional rating, must provide the number of instructors holding appropriate mechanic certificates and ratings that the Administrator determines necessary to provide adequate instruction and supervision of the students, including at least one such instructor for each 25 students in each shop class. However, the applicant may provide specialized instructors, who are not certificated mechanics, to teach mathematics, physics, basic electricity, basic hydraulics, drawing, and similar subjects. The applicant is required to maintain a list of the names and qualifications of specialized instructors, and upon request, provide a copy of the list to the FAA.

[Amdt. 147-5, 57 FR 28959, June 29, 1992]

Subpart C—Operating Rules

§ 147.31Attendance and enrollment, tests, and credit for prior instruction or experience.

(a) A certificated aviation maintenance technician school may not require any student to attend classes of instruction more than 8 hours in any day or more than 6 days or 40 hours in any 7-day period.

(b) Each school shall give an appropriate test to each student who completes a unit of instruction as shown in that school's approved curriculum.

(c) A school may not graduate a student unless he has completed all of the appropriate curriculum requirements. However, the school may credit a student with instruction or previous experience as follows:

(1) A school may credit a student with instruction satisfactorily completed at—

(i) An accredited university, college, junior college;

(ii) An accredited vocational, technical, trade or high school;

(iii) A military technical school;

(iv) A certificated aviation maintenance technician school.

(2) A school may determine the amount of credit to be allowed—

(i) By an entrance test equal to one given to the students who complete a comparable required curriculum subject at the crediting school;

(ii) By an evaluation of an authenticated transcript from the student's former school; or

(iii) In the case of an applicant from a military school, only on the basis of an entrance test.

(3) A school may credit a student with previous aviation maintenance experience comparable to required curriculum subjects. It must determine the amount of credit to be allowed by documents verifying that experience, and by giving the student a test equal to the one given to students who complete the comparable required curriculum subject at the school.

(4) A school may credit a student seeking an additional rating with previous satisfactory completion of the general portion of an AMTS curriculum.

(d) A school may not have more students enrolled than the number stated in its application for a certificate, unless it amends its application and has it approved.

(e) A school shall use an approved system for determining final course grades and for recording student attendance. The system must show hours of absence allowed and show how the missed material will be made available to the student.

[Amdt. 147-2, 35 FR 5534, Apr. 3, 1970, as amended by Amdt. 147-4, 43 FR 22643, May 25, 1978; Amdt. 147-5, 57 FR 28959, June 29, 1992]

§ 147.33Records.

(a) Each certificated aviation maintenance technician school shall keep a current record of each student enrolled, showing—

(1) His attendance, tests, and grades received on the subjects required by this part;

(2) The instruction credited to him under § 147.31(c), if any; and

(3) The authenticated transcript of his grades from that school.

It shall retain the record for at least two years after the end of the student's enrollment, and shall make each record available for inspection by the Administrator during that period.

(b) Each school shall keep a current progress chart or individual progress record for each of its students, showing the practical projects or laboratory work completed, or to be completed, by the student in each subject.

[Doc. No. 1157, 27 FR 6669, July 13, 1962]

§ 147.35Transcripts and graduation certificates.

(a) Upon request, each certificated aviation maintenance technician school shall provide a transcript of the student's grades to each student who is graduated from that school or who leaves it before being graduated. An official of the school shall authenticate the transcript. The transcript must state the curriculum in which the student was enrolled, whether the student satisfactorily completed that curriculum, and the final grades the student received.

(b) Each school shall give a graduation certificate or certificate of completion to each student that it graduates. An official of the school shall authenticate the certificate. The certificate must show the date of graduation and the approved curriculum title.

[Doc. No. 1157, 27 FR 6669, July 13, 1962, as amended by Amdt. 147-5, 57 FR 28959, June 29, 1992]

§ 147.36Maintenance of instructor requirements.

Each certificated aviation maintenance technician school shall, after certification or addition of a rating, continue to provide the number of instructors holding appropriate mechanic certificates and ratings that the Administrator determines necessary to provide adequate instruction to the students, including at least one such instructor for each 25 students in each shop class. The school may continue to provide specialized instructors who are not certificated mechanics to teach mathematics, physics, drawing, basic electricity, basic hydraulics, and similar subjects.

[Amdt. 147-5, 57 FR 28959, June 29, 1992]

§ 147.37Maintenance of facilities, equipment, and material.

(a) Each certificated aviation maintenance technician school shall provide facilities, equipment, and material equal to the standards currently required for the issue of the certificate and rating that it holds.

(b) A school may not make a substantial change in facilities, equipment, or material that have been approved for a particular curriculum, unless that change is approved in advance.

§ 147.38Maintenance of curriculum requirements.

(a) Each certificated aviation maintenance technician school shall adhere to its approved curriculum. With FAA approval, curriculum subjects may be taught at levels exceeding those shown in appendix A of this part.

(b) A school may not change its approved curriculum unless the change is approved in advance.

[Amdt. 147-2, 35 FR 5534, Apr. 3, 1970, as amended by Amdt. 147-5, 57 FR 28960, June 29, 1992]

§ 147.38aQuality of instruction.

Each certificated aviation maintenance technician school shall provide instruction of such quality that, of its graduates of a curriculum for each rating who apply for a mechanic certificate or additional rating within 60 days after they are graduated, the percentage of those passing the applicable FAA written tests on their first attempt during any period of 24 calendar months is at least the percentage figured as follows:

(a) For a school graduating fewer than 51 students during that period—the national passing norm minus the number 20.

(b) For a school graduating at least 51, but fewer than 201, students during that period—the national passing norm minus the number 15.

(c) For a school graduating more than 200 students during that period—the national passing norm minus the number 10.

As used in this section, “national passing norm” is the number representing the percentage of all graduates (of a curriculum for a particular rating) of all certificated aviation maintenance technician schools who apply for a mechanic certificate or additional rating within 60 days after they are graduated and pass the applicable FAA written tests on their first attempt during the period of 24 calendar months described in this section.[Amdt. 147-2, 35 FR 5534, Apr. 3, 1970, as amended by Amdt. 147-3, 41 FR 47230, Oct. 28, 1976]

§ 147.39Display of certificate.

Each holder of an aviation maintenance technician school certificate and ratings shall display them at a place in the school that is normally accessible to the public and is not obscured. The certificate must be available for inspection by the Administrator.

§ 147.41Change of location.

The holder of an aviation maintenance technician school certificate may not make any change in the school's location unless the change is approved in advance. If the holder desires to change the location he shall notify the Administrator, in writing, at least 30 days before the date the change is contemplated. If he changes its location without approval, the certificate is revoked.

§ 147.43Inspection.

The Administrator may, at any time, inspect an aviation maintenance technician school to determine its compliance with this part. Such an inspection is normally made once each six months to determine if the school continues to meet the requirements under which it was originally certificated. After such an inspection is made, the school is notified, in writing, of any deficiencies found during the inspection. Other informal inspections may be made from time to time.

§ 147.45Advertising.

(a) A certificated aviation maintenance technician school may not make any statement relating to itself that is false or is designed to mislead any person considering enrollment therein.

(b) Whenever an aviation maintenance technician school indicates in advertising that it is a certificated school, it shall clearly distinguish between its approved courses and those that are not approved.

Pt. 147, App. AAppendix A to Part147—Curriculum Requirements

This appendix defines terms used in appendices B, C, and D of this part, and describes the levels of proficiency at which items under each subject in each curriculum must be taught, as outlined in appendices B, C, and D.

(a) Definitions. As used in appendices B, C, and D:

(1) Inspect means to examine by sight and touch.

(2) Check means to verify proper operation.

(3) Troubleshoot means to analyze and identify malfunctions.

(4) Service means to perform functions that assure continued operation.

(5) Repair means to correct a defective condition. Repair of an airframe or powerplant system includes component replacement and adjustment, but not component repair.

(6) Overhaul means to disassemble, inspect, repair as necessary, and check.

(b) Teaching levels.

(1) Level 1 requires:

(i) Knowledge of general principles, but no practical application.

(ii) No development of manipulative skill.

(iii) Instruction by lecture, demonstration, and discussion.

(2) Level 2 requires:

(i) Knowledge of general principles, and limited practical application.

(ii) Development of sufficient manipulative skill to perform basic operations.

(iii) Instruction by lecture, demonstration, discussion, and limited practical application.

(3) Level 3 requires:

(i) Knowledge of general principles, and performance of a high degree of practical application.

(ii) Development of sufficient manipulative skills to simulate return to service.

(iii) Instruction by lecture, demonstration, discussion, and a high degree of practical application.

(c) Teaching materials and equipment.

The curriculum may be presented utilizing currently accepted educational materials and equipment, including, but not limited to: calculators, computers, and audio-visual equipment.

[Amdt. 147-2, 35 FR 5534, Apr. 3, 1970, as amended by Amdt. 147-5, 57 FR 28960, June 29, 1992]Pt. 147, App. B Appendix B to Part147—General Curriculum Subjects

This appendix lists the subjects required in at least 400 hours in general curriculum subjects.

The number in parentheses before each item listed under each subject heading indicates the level of proficiency at which that item must be taught.

Teaching levela. basic electricity(2)1. Calculate and measure capacitance and inductance.(2)2. Calculate and measure electrical power.(3)3. Measure voltage, current, resistance, and continuity.(3)4. Determine the relationship of voltage, current, and resistance in electrical circuits.(3)5. Read and interpret aircraft electrical circuit diagrams, including solid state devices and logic functions.(3)6. Inspect and service batteries. b. aircraft drawings(2)7. Use aircraft drawings, symbols, and system schematics.(3)8. Draw sketches of repairs and alterations.(3)9. Use blueprint information.(3)10. Use graphs and charts. c. weight and balance(2)11. Weigh aircraft.(3)12. Perform complete weight-and-balance check and record data. d. fluid lines and fittings(3)13. Fabricate and install rigid and flexible fluid lines and fittings. e. materials and processes(1)14. Identify and select appropriate nondestructive testing methods.(2)15. Perform dye penetrant, eddy current, ultrasonic, and magnetic particle inspections.(1)16. Perform basic heat-treating processes.(3)17. Identify and select aircraft hardware and materials.(3)18. Inspect and check welds.(3)19. Perform precision measurements. f. ground operation and servicing(2)20. Start, ground operate, move, service, and secure aircraft and identify typical ground operation hazards.(2)21. Identify and select fuels. g. cleaning and corrosion control(3)22. Identify and select cleaning materials.(3)23. Inspect, identify, remove, and treat aircraft corrosion and perform aircraft cleaning. h. mathematics(3)24. Extract roots and raise numbers to a given power.(3)25. Determine areas and volumes of various geometrical shapes.(3)26. Solve ratio, proportion, and percentage problems.(3)27. Perform algebraic operations involving addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of positive and negative numbers. i. maintenance forms and records(3)28. Write descriptions of work performed including aircraft discrepancies and corrective actions using typical aircraft maintenance records.(3)29. Complete required maintenance forms, records, and inspection reports. j. basic physics(2)30. Use and understand the principles of simple machines; sound, fluid, and heat dynamics; basic aerodynamics; aircraft structures; and theory of flight. k. maintenance publications(3)31. Demonstrate ability to read, comprehend, and apply information contained in FAA and manufacturers’ aircraft maintenance specifications, data sheets, manuals, publications, and related Federal Aviation Regulations, Airworthiness Directives, and Advisory material.(3)32. Read technical data. l. mechanic privileges and limitations(3)33. Exercise mechanic privileges within the limitations prescribed by part 65 of this chapter.[Amdt. 147-2, 35 FR 5534, Apr. 3, 1970, as amended by Amdt. 147-5, 57 FR 28960, June 29, 1992]Pt. 147, App. CAppendix C to Part147—Airframe Curriculum Subjects

This appendix lists the subjects required in at least 750 hours of each airframe curriculum, in addition to at least 400 hours in general curriculum subjects.

The number in parentheses before each item listed under each subject heading indicates the level of proficiency at which that item must be taught.

I. Airframe StructuresTeaching levela. wood structures(1)1. Service and repair wood structures.(1)2. Identify wood defects.(1)3. Inspect wood structures. b. aircraft covering(1)4. Select and apply fabric and fiberglass covering materials.(1)5. Inspect, test, and repair fabric and fiberglass. c. aircraft finishes(1)6. Apply trim, letters, and touchup paint.(2)7. Identify and select aircraft finishing materials.(2)8. Apply finishing materials.(2)9. Inspect finishes and identify defects. d. sheet metal and non-metallic structures(2)10. Select, install, and remove special fasteners for metallic, bonded, and composite structures.(2)11. Inspect bonded structures.(2)12. Inspect, test, and repair fiberglass, plastics, honeycomb, composite, and laminated primary and secondary structures.(2)13. Inspect, check, service, and repair windows, doors, and interior furnishings.(3)14. Inspect and repair sheet-metal structures.(3)15. Install conventional rivets.(3)16. Form, lay out, and bend sheet metal. e. welding(1)17. Weld magnesium and titanium.(1)18. Solder stainless steel.(1)19. Fabricate tubular structures.(2)20. Solder, braze, gas-weld, and arc-weld steel.(1)21. Weld aluminum and stainless steel. f. assembly and rigging(1)22. Rig rotary-wing aircraft.(2)23. Rig fixed-wing aircraft.(2)24. Check alignment of structures.(3)25. Assemble aircraft components, including flight control surfaces.(3)26. Balance, rig, and inspect movable primary and secondary flight control surfaces.(3)27. Jack aircraft. g. airframe inspection(3)28. Perform airframe conformity and airworthiness inspections.II. Airframe Systems and ComponentsTeaching levela. aircraft landing gear systems(3)29. Inspect, check, service, and repair landing gear, retraction systems, shock struts, brakes, wheels, tires, and steering systems. b. hydraulic and pneumatic power systems(2)30. Repair hydraulic and pneumatic power systems components.(3)31. Identify and select hydraulic fluids.(3)32. Inspect, check, service, troubleshoot, and repair hydraulic and pneumatic power systems. c. cabin atmosphere control systems(1)33. Inspect, check, troubleshoot, service, and repair heating, cooling, air conditioning, pressurization systems, and air cycle machines.(1)34. Inspect, check, troubleshoot, service, and repair heating, cooling, air-conditioning, and pressurization systems.(2)35. Inspect, check, troubleshoot, service and repair oxygen systems. d. aircraft instrument systems(1)36. Inspect, check, service, troubleshoot, and repair electronic flight instrument systems and both mechanical and electrical heading, speed, altitude, temperature, pressure, and position indicating systems to include the use of built-in test equipment.(2)37. Install instruments and perform a static pressure system leak test. e. communication and navigation systems(1)38. Inspect, check, and troubleshoot autopilot, servos and approach coupling systems.(1)39. Inspect, check, and service aircraft electronic communication and navigation systems, including VHF passenger address interphones and static discharge devices, aircraft VOR, ILS, LORAN, Radar beacon transponders, flight management computers, and GPWS.(2)40. Inspect and repair antenna and electronic equipment installations. f. aircraft fuel systems(1)41. Check and service fuel dump systems.(1)42. Perform fuel management transfer, and defueling.(1)43. Inspect, check, and repair pressure fueling systems.(2)44. Repair aircraft fuel system components.(2)45. Inspect and repair fluid quantity indicating systems.(2)46. Troubleshoot, service, and repair fluid pressure and temperature warning systems.(3)47. Inspect, check, service, troubleshoot, and repair aircraft fuel systems. g. aircraft electrical systems(2)48. Repair and inspect aircraft electrical system components; crimp and splice wiring to manufacturers’ specifications; and repair pins and sockets of aircraft connectors.(3)49. Install, check, and service airframe electrical wiring, controls, switches, indicators, and protective devices.(3)50.a. Inspect, check, troubleshoot, service, and repair alternating and direct current electrical systems.(1)50.b. Inspect, check, and troubleshoot constant speed and integrated speed drive generators. h. position and warning systems(2)51. Inspect, check, and service speed and configuration warning systems, electrical brake controls, and anti-skid systems.(3)52. Inspect, check, troubleshoot, and service landing gear position indicating and warning systems. i. ice and rain control systems(2)53. Inspect, check, troubleshoot, service, and repair airframe ice and rain control systems. j. fire protection systems(1)54. Inspect, check, and service smoke and carbon monoxide detection systems.(3)55. Inspect, check, service, troubleshoot, and repair aircraft fire detection and extinguishing systems.[Amdt. 147-2, 35 FR 5535, Apr. 3, 1970, as amended by Amdt. 147-5, 57 FR 28960, June 29, 1992]Pt. 147, App. DAppendix D to Part147—Powerplant Curriculum Subjects

This appendix lists the subjects required in at least 750 hours of each powerplant curriculum, in addition to at least 400 hours in general curriculum subjects.

The number in parentheses before each item listed under each subject heading indicates the level of proficiency at which that item must be taught.

I. Powerplant Theory and MaintenanceTeaching levela. reciprocating engines(1)1. Inspect and repair a radial engine.(2)2. Overhaul reciprocating engine.(3)3. Inspect, check, service, and repair reciprocating engines and engine installations.(3)4. Install, troubleshoot, and remove reciprocating engines. b. turbine engines(2)5. Overhaul turbine engine.(3)6. Inspect, check, service, and repair turbine engines and turbine engine installations.(3)7. Install, troubleshoot, and remove turbine engines. c. engine inspection(3)8. Perform powerplant conformity and air worthiness inspections.II. Powerplant Systems and ComponentsTeaching levela. engine instrument systems(2)9. Troubleshoot, service, and repair electrical and mechanical fluid rate-of-flow indicating systems.(3)10. Inspect, check, service, troubleshoot, and repair electrical and mechanical engine temperature, pressure, and r.p.m. indicating systems. b. engine fire protection systems(3)11. Inspect, check, service, troubleshoot, and repair engine fire detection and extinguishing systems. c. engine electrical systems(2)12. Repair engine electrical system components.(3)13. Install, check, and service engine electrical wiring, controls, switches, indicators, and protective devices. d. lubrication systems(2)14. Identify and select lubricants.(2)15. Repair engine lubrication system components.(3)16. Inspect, check, service, troubleshoot, and repair engine lubrication systems. e. ignition and starting systems(2)17. Overhaul magneto and ignition harness.(2)18. Inspect, service, troubleshoot, and repair reciprocating and turbine engine ignition systems and components.(3)19.a. Inspect, service, troubleshoot, and repair turbine engine electrical starting systems.(1)19.b. Inspect, service, and troubleshoot turbine engine pneumatic starting systems. f. fuel metering systems(1)20. Troubleshoot and adjust turbine engine fuel metering systems and electronic engine fuel controls.(2)21. Overhaul carburetor.(2)22. Repair engine fuel metering system components.(3)23. Inspect, check, service, troubleshoot, and repair reciprocating and turbine engine fuel metering systems. g. engine fuel systems(2)24. Repair engine fuel system components.(3)25. Inspect, check, service, troubleshoot, and repair engine fuel systems. h. induction and engine airflow systems(2)26. Inspect, check, troubleshoot, service, and repair engine ice and rain control systems.(1)27. Inspect, check, service, troubleshoot and repair heat exchangers, superchargers, and turbine engine airflow and temperature control systems.(3)28. Inspect, check, service, and repair carburetor air intake and induction manifolds. i. engine cooling systems(2)29. Repair engine cooling system components.(3)30. Inspect, check, troubleshoot, service, and repair engine cooling systems. j. engine exhaust and reverser systems(2)31. Repair engine exhaust system components.(3)32.a. Inspect, check, troubleshoot, service, and repair engine exhaust systems.(1)32.b. Troubleshoot and repair engine thrust reverser systems and related components. k. propellers(1)33. Inspect, check, service, and repair propeller synchronizing and ice control systems.(2)34. Identify and select propeller lubricants.(1)35. Balance propellers.(2)36. Repair propeller control system components.(3)37. Inspect, check, service, and repair fixed-pitch, constant-speed, and feathering propellers, and propeller governing systems.(3)38. Install, troubleshoot, and remove propellers.(3)39. Repair aluminum alloy propeller blades. l. unducted fans(1)40. Inspect and troubleshoot unducted fan systems and components. m. auxiliary power units(1)41. Inspect, check, service, and troubleshoot turbine-driven auxiliary power units.(Sec. 6(c), Dept. of Transportation Act; 49 U.S.C. 1655(c))[Amdt. 147-2, 35 FR 5535, Apr. 3, 1970, as amended by Amdt. 147-5, 57 FR 28961, June 29, 1992]