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 Code of Federal Regulations (Last Updated: November 8, 2024)
 Title 40 - Protection of Environment
 Chapter I - Environmental Protection Agency
 SubChapter C - Air Programs
 Part 88 - Clean-Fuel Vehicles
 Subpart A - Emission Standards for Clean-Fuel Vehicles

  § 88.104-94 - Clean-fuel vehicle tailpipe emission standards for light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks.  

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  • § 88.104-94 Clean-fuel vehicle tailpipe emission standards for light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks.

    (a) A light-duty vehicle or light-duty truck will be considered as a TLEV, LEV, ULEV, or ZEV if it meets the applicable requirements of this section.

    (b) Light-duty vehicles certified to the exhaust emission standards for TLEVs, LEVs, and ULEVs in Tables A104-1 and A104-2 shall be considered as meeting the requirements of this section for that particular vehicle emission category for model years 1994-2000 for the California Pilot Program.

    (c) Light-duty vehicles certified to the exhaust emission standards for LEVs and ULEVs in Tables A104-1 and A104-2 shall be considered as meeting the requirements of this section for that particular vehicle emission category for model years 2001 and later for the California Pilot Program, and for model years 1998 and later for the Clean Fuel Fleet Program.

    (d) Light light-duty trucks certified to the exhaust emission standards for a specific weight category for TLEVs, LEVs, and ULEVs in Tables A104-3 and A104-4 shall be considered as meeting the requirements of this section for that particular vehicle emission category. For model years 1994-2000 for the California Pilot Program.

    (e) Light Light-duty trucks certified to the exhaust emission standards for a specific weight category for LEVs and ULEVs in Tables A104-3 and A104-4 shall be considered as meeting the requirements of this section for that particular vehicle emission category. For model years 2001 and later for the California Pilot Program, and for model years 1998 and later for the Clean Fuel Fleet Program.

    (f) Heavy light-duty trucks certified to the exhaust emission standards for a specific weight category of LEVs and ULEVs in Tables A104-5 and A104-6 for model years 1998 and later shall be considered as meeting the requirements of this section for that particular vehicle emission category.

    (g) A light-duty vehicle or light-duty truck shall be certified as a ZEV if it is determined by engineering analysis that the vehicle satisfies the following conditions:

    (1) The vehicle fuel system(s) must not contain either carbon or nitrogen compounds (including air) which, when burned, form any of the pollutants listed in Table A104-1 as exhaust emissions.

    (2) All primary and auxiliary equipment and engines must have no emissions of any of the pollutants listed in Table A104-1.

    (3) The vehicle fuel system(s) and any auxiliary engine(s) must have no evaporative emissions in use.

    (4) Any auxiliary heater must not operate at ambient temperatures above 40 degrees Fahrenheit.

    (h) NMOG standards for flexible- and dual-fueled vehicles when operating on clean alternative fuel -

    (1) Light-duty vehicles, and light light-duty trucks. Flexible- and dual-fueled LDVs and light LDTs of 1996 model year and later shall meet all standards in Table A104-7 for vehicles of the applicable model year, loaded vehicle weight, and vehicle emission category.

    (2) Light-duty trucks above 6,000 lbs GVWR. Flexible- and dual-fueled LDTs above 6,000 lbs. GVWR of 1998 model year and later shall meet all standards in Table A104-8 for vehicles of the applicable test weight and vehicle emission category.

    (i) NMOG standards for flexible- and dual-fueled vehicles when operating on conventional fuel -

    (1) Light-duty vehicles, and light light-duty trucks. Flexible- and dual-fueled LDVs and light LDTs of 1996 model year and later shall meet all standards in Table A104-9 for vehicles of the applicable model year, loaded vehicle weight, and vehicle emission category.

    (2) Light-duty trucks above 6,000 lbs GVWR. Flexible- and dual-fueled LDTs of 1998 model year and later shall meet all standards in Table A104-10 for vehicles of the applicable test weight and vehicle emission category.

    (j) Other standards for flexible- and dual-fueled vehicles. When operating on clean alternative fuel, flexible- and dual- fueled light-duty vehicles and light light-duty trucks must also meet the appropriate standards for carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen, formaldehyde, and particulate matter as designated in paragraphs (a) through (f) of this section as well as all other applicable standards and requirements. When operating on conventional fuel, flexible- and dual-fueled vehicles must also meet all other applicable standards and requirements in 40 CFR part 86.

    (k) Motor vehicles subject to standards and requirements of this section shall also comply with all applicable standards and requirements of 40 CFR part 86, except that any exhaust emission standards in 40 CFR part 86 pertaining to pollutants for which standards are established in this section shall not apply. For converted vehicles, the applicable standards and requirements of 40 CFR part 86 and this part 88 shall apply based on the model year in which the conversion is performed, regardless of the model year in which the base vehicle was originally manufactured prior to conversion.

    (1) Gaseous-fueled, diesel-fueled, and electric clean-fuel vehicles are waived from cold CO test requirements of subpart C of this part if compliance is demonstrated by engineering analysis or test data.

    (2) The standards in this section shall be administered and enforced in accordance with the California Regulatory Requirements Applicable to the Clean Fuel Fleet and California Pilot Programs, April 1, 1994, which are incorporated by reference.

    (i) This incorporation by reference was approved by the Director of the Federal Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51.

    (ii) Copies may be inspected at U.S. EPA, OAR, 401 M St., SW., Washington, DC 20460, or at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For information on the availability of this material at NARA, call 202-741-6030, or go to: http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html. Copies of these materials may be obtained from Barclay's Law Publishers, 400 Oyster Point Boulevard, P.O. Box 3066, South San Francisco, CA 94080, phone (415) 244-6611.

    Tables to § 88.104-94

    Table A104-1 - Intermediate Useful Life Standards (g/mi) for Light-Duty Vehicles for HCs, CO, NOX. HCHO, and PM

    Vehicle emission category NMOG CO NOX HCHO PM1
    TLEV 0.125 3.4 0.4 0.015
    LEV 2 .075 2 3.4 .2 2 .015
    ULEV .040 1.7 2 .2 .008

    1 Applies to diesel vehicles only.

    2 Applies to ILEVs.

    Table A104-2 - Full Useful Life Standards (g/mi) for Light-Duty Vehicles for HCs, CO, NOX. HCHO, and PM

    Vehicle emission category NMOG CO NOX HCHO PM1
    TLEV 0.156 4.2 0.6 0.018 0.08
    LEV 2 0.090 2 4.2 .3 2 .018 2 .08
    ULEV .055 2.1 2 .3 .011 .04

    1 Applies to diesel vehicles only.

    2 Applies to ILEVs.

    Table A104-3 - Intermediate Useful Life Standards (g/mi) for Light Light-Duty Trucks for HCs, CO, NOX. HCHO, and PM

    LVW (lbs) Vehicle emission category NMOG CO NOX HCHO PM1
    0-3750 TLEV .125 3.4 .4 .015
    LEV 2 .075 2 3.4 .2 2 .015
    ULEV .040 1.7 2 .2 .008
    3751-5750 TLEV 0.160 4.4 .7 .018
    LEV 2 .100 2 4.4 .4 2 .018
    ULEV .050 2.2 2 .4 .009

    1 Applies to diesel vehicles only.

    2 Applies to ILEVs.

    Table A104-4 - Full Useful Life Standards (g/mi) for Light Light-Duty Trucks for HCs, CO, NOX. HCHO, and PM

    LVW (lbs) Vehicle emission category NMOG CO NOX HCHO PM1
    0-3750 TLEV 0.156 4.2 0.6 0.018 0.08
    LEV 2 0.090 2 4.2 0.3 2.018 2.08
    ULEV .055 2.1 2.3 .011 .04
    3751-5750 TLEV .200 5.5 .9 .023 .08
    LEV 2.130 25.5 .5 2.023 2.08
    ULEV .070 2.8 2.5 .013 .04

    1 Applies to diesel vehicles only.

    2 Applies to ILEVs.

    Table A104-5 - Intermediate Useful Life Standards (g/mi) for Heavy Light-Duty Trucks for HCs, CO, NOX. HCHO, and PM

    ALVW (lbs) Vehicle emission category NMOG CO NOX2 HCHO PM1
    0-3750 LEV 3 0.125 3 3.4 0.4 3 0.015
    ULEV .075 1.7 3.2 .008
    3751-5750 LEV 3.160 3 4.4 .7 3.018
    ULEV .100 2.2 3.4 .009
    5751- LEV 3.195 3 5.0 1.1 3.022
    ULEV .117 2.5 3.6 .011

    1 Applies to diesel vehicles only.

    2 Does not apply to diesel vehicles.

    3 Applies to ILEVs.

    Table A104-6 - Full Useful Life Standards (g/mi) for Heavy Light-Duty Trucks for HCs, CO, NOX. HCHO, and PM

    ALVW (lbs) Vehicle emission category NMOG CO NOX HCHO PM1
    0-3750 LEV 2 0.180 2 5.0 0.6 2 0.022 2 0.08
    ULEV .107 2.5 2.3 .012 .04
    3751-5750 LEV 2.230 2 6.4 1.0 2.027 2.10
    ULEV .143 3.2 2.5 .013 .05
    5751- LEV 2.280 2 7.3 1.5 2.032 2.12
    ULEV .167 3.7 2.8 .016 .06

    1 Applies to diesel vehicles only.

    2 Applies to ILEVs.

    Table A104-7 - NMOG Standards (g/mi) for Flexible- and Dual-Fueled Vehicles When Operating on Clean Alternative Fuel for Light Light-Duty Trucks and Light-Duty Vehicles

    Vehicle type 50,000 mile NMOG standard 100,000 mile NMOG standard
    MY 1996 and later:
    LDTs (0-3,750 lbs. LVW) and LDVs 0.125 0.156
    LDTs (3,751-5,750 lbs. LVW) .160 .200
    Beginning MY 2001:
    LDTs (0-3,750 lbs. LVW) and LDVs .075 .090
    LDTs (3,751-5,750 lbs. LVW) .100 .130

    Table A104-8 - NMOG Standards (g/mi) for Flexible- and Dual-Fueled Vehicles When Operating on Clean Alternative Fuel for Heavy Light-Duty Trucks

    Vehicle type 50,000 mile NMOG standard 120,000 mile NMOG standard
    Beginning MY 1998:
    LDTs (0-3,750 lbs. ALVW) 0.125 0.180
    LDTs (3,751-5,750 lbs. ALVW) .160 .230
    LDTs (5,751-8,500 lbs. ALVW) .195 .280

    Table A104-9 - NMOG Standards (g/mi) for Flexible- and Dual-Fueled Vehicles When Operating on Conventional Fuel for Light Light-Duty Trucks and Light-Duty Vehicles

    Vehicle type 50,000 mile NMOG standard 100,000 mile NMOG standard
    Beginning MY 1996:
    LDTs (0-3,750 lbs. LVW) and LDVs 0.25 0.31
    LDTs (3,751-5,750 lbs. LVW) .32 .40
    Beginning MY 2001:
    LDTs (0-3,750 lbs. LVW) and LDVs .125 .156
    LDTs (3,751-5,750 lbs. LVW) .160 .200

    Table A104-10 - NMOG Standards (g/mi) for Flexible- and Dual-Fueled Vehicles When Operating on Conventional Fuel for Light Light-Duty Trucks

    Vehicle type 50,000 mile NMOG standard 120,000 mile NMOG standard
    Beginning MY 1998:
    LDTs (0-3,750 lbs. ALVW) 0.25 0.36
    LDTs (3,751-5,750 lbs. ALVW) .32 .46
    LDTs (5,751-8,500 lbs. ALVW) .39 .56

    [59 FR 50074, Sept. 30, 1994, as amended at 61 FR 127, Jan. 3, 1996]