[Federal Register Volume 60, Number 112 (Monday, June 12, 1995)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 30926-30962]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 95-13787]
[[Page 30925]]
_______________________________________________________________________
Part II
Environmental Protection Agency
_______________________________________________________________________
40 CFR Parts 117, 302, and 355
Reportable Quantity Adjustments; Final Rule
Federal Register / Vol. 60, No. 112 / Monday, June 12, 1995 / Rules
and Regulations
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[[Page 30926]]
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
40 CFR Parts 117, 302, and 355
[SW H-FRL-5214-3]
RIN 2050-AD33
Reportable Quantity Adjustments
AGENCY: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
ACTION: Final rule.
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SUMMARY: The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) today is taking
final action on changes proposed on October 22, 1993 to reportable
quantities (RQs) for hazardous substances under the Comprehensive
Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act. The person in
charge of a facility or vessel from which a hazardous substance is
released in excess of its RQs must notify appropriate authorities, who
can then evaluate whether a response is needed. This rule revises the
table of hazardous substances to add 47 individual Clean Air Act
hazardous air pollutants; adjust their statutory one-pound RQs; add
five other Clean Air Act hazardous air pollutants that are categories
of substances and assign no RQ to the categories; and adjust RQs for 11
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act hazardous wastes. EPA also is
making conforming changes to the Clean Water Act table of hazardous
substances and the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act
tables of extremely hazardous substances.
EPA thoroughly evaluated the intrinsic properties of these
substances to determine appropriate levels for the adjusted RQs; thus,
this rule reflects a sound, scientific approach. The RQ adjustments are
consistent with the Agency's common sense goals in that the rule will
minimize net reporting and recordkeeping burdens. The rule results in
an estimated net cost savings to industry and government of
approximately $500,000 annually.
EFFECTIVE DATE: July 12, 1995.
ADDRESSES:
Docket: Copies of materials relevant to this rulemaking are
contained in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency CERCLA Docket
Office, Crystal Gateway #1, 12th Floor, 1235 Jefferson Davis Highway,
Arlington, VA 22202 [Docket Number 102 RQ-CAA]. The docket is available
for inspection between the hours of 9 a.m. and 4 p.m., Monday through
Friday, excluding Federal holidays. Appointments to review the docket
can be made by calling 703/603-8917. The public may copy a maximum of
266 pages from any regulatory docket at no cost. If the number of pages
copied exceeds 266, however, an administrative fee of $25 and a charge
of $0.15 per page for each page after page 266 will be incurred. The
docket will mail copies of materials to requestors who are outside the
Washington, DC metropolitan area.
Release Notification: The toll-free telephone number of the
National Response Center is 800/424-8802; in the Washington, DC
metropolitan area, the number is 202/267-2675. The facsimile number for
the National Response Center is 202/267-2165 and the telex number is
892427.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: The RCRA/UST, Superfund, and EPCRA
Hotline at 800/424-9346 (in the Washington, DC metropolitan area,
contact 703/412-9810). The Telecommunications Device for the Deaf (TDD)
Hotline number is 800/553-7672 (in the Washington, DC metropolitan
area, contact 703/486-3323); or Ms. Gerain H. Perry, Response Standards
and Criteria Branch, Emergency Response Division (5202G), U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M Street SW., Washington, DC
20460, or at 703/603-8760.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The contents of today's preamble are listed
in the following outline:
I. Introduction
A. Statutory Authority
B. Background of this Rulemaking
C. Reportable Quantity Adjustment Methodology
D. Summary of Changes from the Proposed Rule
II. Response to Comments
A. Support for Proposed RQ Adjustments
1. Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate
2. Ethylene Glycol
B. Opposition to Proposed RQ Adjustments and/or Data
1. Xylenes
a. Aquatic Toxicity
b. Application of BHP
2. Dimethylformamide
3. Titanium Tetrachloride
4. Other Individual CAA Hazardous Air Pollutants
a. Biphenyl
b. 1,3-Butadiene
c. Cresols
d. Diethanolamine
e. Ethylene Glycol
5. K088
6. F037 and F038
C. Reporting Requirements for CAA Broad Generic Categories
1. Options for Assigning RQs
2. Definition and Scope of the Categories
3. Other Issues
D. Delisting Petition for Caprolactam
III. Changes to List of Hazardous Substances and Their RQs
IV. Changes to 40 CFR Parts 355 and 117
V. Regulatory Analyses
A. Executive Order 12866
B. Regulatory Flexibility Act
C. Paperwork Reduction Act
D. Unfunded Mandates
I. Introduction
A. Statutory Authority
The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and
Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA) (Pub. L. 96-510), 42 U.S.C. 9601 et
seq., as amended, established broad Federal authority to respond to
releases or threats of releases of hazardous substances from vessels
and facilities. The term ``hazardous substance'' is defined in section
101(14) of CERCLA chiefly by reference to various Federal environmental
statutes. For example, the term includes ``any hazardous air pollutant
listed under section 112 of the Clean Air Act'' (CAA), and ``any
hazardous waste having the characteristics identified under or listed
pursuant to section 3001 of the Solid Waste Disposal Act * * * ,'' also
known as the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). Under
CERCLA section 102(a), any substance that, when released into the
environment, may present substantial danger to public health or welfare
or the environment may be designated as a CERCLA hazardous substance.
Section 102(b) of CERCLA establishes RQs for releases of CERCLA
hazardous substances at one pound, unless a substance has a different
RQ established under section 311(b)(4) of the Clean Water Act (CWA).
Section 102(a) of CERCLA authorizes EPA to adjust these RQs by
regulation.
The person in charge of a vessel or facility from which a CERCLA
hazardous substance has been released in a quantity that equals or
exceeds its RQ must, under CERCLA section 103(a), immediately notify
the National Response Center (see 40 CFR 302.6). The owner or operator
of a facility from which an RQ or more of a CERCLA hazardous substance
has been released must immediately notify State and local response
authorities, as required by section 304 of the Emergency Planning and
Community Right-to-Know Act of 1986 (EPCRA) (Pub. L. 99-499), 42 U.S.C.
11001 et seq. (see 40 CFR 355.40).
B. Background of This Rulemaking
The CERCLA list is being changed in today's final rule because: (1)
Amendments to the CAA, signed into law on November 15, 1990 (Pub. L.
101-549), incorporated additional substances into the CERCLA list; and
(2) RCRA listing rules and the rule revising the RCRA toxicity
characteristics also incorporated substances into the CERCLA list.
[[Page 30927]]
Under section 112 of the CAA, as amended, 190 specific substances
or broad generic categories of substances are listed as hazardous air
pollutants; 52 of these (47 individual substances and five broad
generic categories of substances) did not previously appear
individually on the list of CERCLA hazardous substances at 40 CFR
302.4. The substances not previously listed became hazardous substances
pursuant to CERCLA section 101(14) upon enactment of the 1990 CAA
Amendments and were assigned a one-pound statutory RQ under CERCLA
section 102(b).
In an October 22, 1993 Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) (58 FR
54836), EPA proposed to add the 47 hazardous air pollutants to the
regulatory list of CERCLA hazardous substances at 40 CFR 302.4, and
adjust their RQs. For the five CAA hazardous air pollutants that are
broad generic categories, EPA requested public comment on five options
for reporting that could potentially apply.1
\1\ For a list of these options, see Section II.C.1 of today's
preamble.
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The October 22, 1993 NPRM also proposed to adjust the RQs for
certain hazardous wastes listed under RCRA. In today's final rule, the
Agency is adjusting the RQs for four hazardous wastes (F025, K088,
K090, and K091) included in the October 22, 1993 NPRM from their
statutory one-pound levels. As proposed in the October 22, 1993 NPRM,
EPA is readjusting the RQs for five additional RCRA wastes (F004, D023,
D024, D025, and D026) that already have been designated as hazardous
and assigned adjusted RQs. RQ adjustments for the two remaining RCRA
wastes that are included in this final rule, F037 and F038, were
proposed prior to the October 22, 1993 NPRM. On March 27, 1991, EPA
evaluated F037 and F038 under the RQ adjustment methodology and
proposed one-pound adjusted RQs for these wastes (56 FR 12826); the
Agency is promulgating the one-pound RQs for F037 and F038 in this
final rule.
C. Reportable Quantity Adjustment Methodology
In today's rule, EPA is promulgating adjusted RQs for the
individual hazardous air pollutants based upon specific scientific and
technical criteria that relate to the possibility of harm from the
release of a CERCLA hazardous substance in certain amounts.2 EPA's
methodology for adjusting the RQs of individual hazardous substances
begins with an evaluation of the intrinsic physical, chemical, and
toxicological properties of each hazardous substance. The intrinsic
properties examined--called ``primary criteria''--are aquatic toxicity,
mammalian toxicity (oral, dermal, and inhalation), ignitability,
reactivity, chronic toxicity, and potential carcinogenicity.3
\2\ See Section II.C.1 of this preamble for a discussion of RQ
adjustments for the five broad generic categories.
\3\ For further information on assigning adjusted RQs to
hazardous substances under the primary criteria, see the Technical
Background Document to Support Rulemaking Pursuant to CERCLA Section
102, Volume 2, August 1986 (for chronic toxicity), Volume 3, July
1989 (for potential carcinogenicity), and Volume 1, March 1985 (for
the four other primary criteria), available for inspection at the
CERCLA Docket Office, Crystal Gateway #1, 12th Floor, 1235 Jefferson
Davis Highway, Arlington, VA 22202.
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Generally, for each intrinsic property, EPA ranks hazardous
substances on a scale, associating a specific range of values on each
scale with an RQ value of 1, 10, 100, 1,000, or 5,000 pounds. The data
for each hazardous substance are evaluated using various primary
criteria; each hazardous substance may receive several tentative RQ
values based on its particular intrinsic properties. The lowest of the
tentative RQs becomes the ``primary criteria RQ'' for that substance.
After the primary criteria RQs are assigned, substances are further
evaluated for their susceptibility to certain degradative processes,
which are used as secondary adjustment criteria.
These natural degradative processes are biodegradation, hydrolysis,
and photolysis (BHP).4 If a hazardous substance, when released
into the environment, degrades relatively rapidly to a less hazardous
form by one or more of the BHP processes, its RQ (as determined by the
primary RQ adjustment criteria), is generally raised one level.5
Conversely, if a hazardous substance degrades to a more hazardous
product after its release, the original substance is assigned an RQ
equal to the RQ for the more hazardous substance, which may be one or
more levels lower than the RQ for the original substance.
\4\ For further information on the methodology for applying BHP,
see the Technical Background Document to Support Rulemaking Pursuant
to CERCLA Section 102, Volume 1, March 1985, available for
inspection at the CERCLA Docket Office, Crystal Gateway #1, 12th
Floor, 1235 Jefferson Davis Highway, Arlington, VA 22202.
\5\ No RQ level increase based on BHP occurs if the primary
criteria RQ is already at its highest possible level (100 pounds for
potential carcinogens and 5,000 pounds for other types of hazardous
substances). BHP is not applied to radionuclides.
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EPA indicated in an August 30, 1989 proposed rule (54 FR 35988)
that substances could be further evaluated by applying the methodology
for developing threshold planning quantities (TPQs) pursuant to EPCRA
section 302, but has not yet incorporated the TPQ methodology as part
of the RQ adjustment methodology in any final rule.
EPA currently is evaluating the RQ adjustment methodology to
identify ways in which the methodology could be improved; for example,
the Agency is considering whether the application of BHP to
developmental toxicants should be limited. EPA is interested in
receiving other suggestions for refining or improving the existing RQ
adjustment methodology. It is important to note, however, that the
Agency does not intend to formally respond as part of the rulemaking to
suggestions provided by the public for changes to the RQ adjustment
methodology.
D. Summary of Changes From the Proposed Rule
EPA has made the following changes from the October 22, 1993 NPRM.
Each change is discussed in the preamble section noted (if applicable).
Six RCRA hazardous wastes (K119, K120, K121, U354, U355,
and U357) with RQ adjustments proposed in the October 22, 1993 NPRM are
not included in today's final rule. These six wastes are proposed, but
not yet finalized, as RCRA hazardous wastes and, thus, are not yet
CERCLA hazardous substances, as defined by CERCLA section 101(14)(C).
The Agency is promulgating one-pound final RQs for two
RCRA wastes, F037 and F038, that did not appear in the October 22, 1993
NPRM (see Section II.B.6).
In the October 22, 1993 NPRM, EPA proposed to add m-
xylene, one of the 47 hazardous air pollutants, to Table 302.4 and to
adjust its statutory one-pound RQ to 100 pounds. After reviewing data
recently submitted by the commenters, however, EPA has decided to
promulgate a 1,000-pound final RQ for m-xylene (see Section II.B.1).
The Agency also proposed in the October 22, 1993 NPRM to
add dimethylformamide, another hazardous air pollutant, to Table 302.4
and to adjust its statutory one-pound RQ to 10 pounds. After evaluating
data submitted by the commenters, the Agency has decided in this final
rule to promulgate a 100-pound final RQ for dimethylformamide (see
Section II.B.2).
Similarly, after reviewing comments submitted on the 100-
pound RQ proposed for titanium tetrachloride in the October 22, 1993
NPRM, the Agency has decided to promulgate a 1,000-pound RQ for this
substance in today's final rule (see Section II.B.3).
EPA requested public comments on five options for
assigning RQs to the [[Page 30928]] CAA broad generic categories in the
October 22, 1993 NPRM. In today's final rule, EPA is promulgating one
of the scenarios described in Option 5, namely, the Agency is assigning
no RQs to the categories, but will evaluate certain substances within
the categories to determine whether they should be individually listed
in Table 302.4 of 40 CFR 302.4, and be assigned RQs (see Section
II.C.1).
II. Response to Comments
A. Support for Proposed RQ Adjustments
1. Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate
The proposed RQ adjustment for methylene diphenyl diisocyanate
(MDI) from the statutory one-pound level to 5,000 pounds was supported
by all of the 84 commenters who submitted comments regarding this
substance.6 The Agency agrees with commenters that the 5,000-pound
adjusted RQ for MDI will reduce the number of reports of releases that
are unlikely to pose a threat to public health or welfare or the
environment, thereby reducing the reporting burden on industry and
allowing EPA to focus its resources on those releases that are more
likely to pose such threats.
\6\ Detailed responses to these comments on MDI are included in
Section I.A of the responses to comments document for this
rulemaking, available for inspection at the CERCLA Docket Office,
Crystal Gateway #1, 12th Floor, 1235 Jefferson Davis Highway,
Arlington, VA 22202.
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The Agency is continuing to evaluate data on the chronic toxicity
and potential carcinogenicity of MDI, as well as the potential
carcinogenicity of p-phenylenediamine, another hazardous air pollutant
included in today's final rule. Because these evaluations have not been
completed, EPA is promulgating a 5,000-pound RQ for both MDI and p-
phenylenediamine in today's final rule, as proposed. If, however, as a
result of the potential carcinogenicity and chronic toxicity
evaluations, the Agency determines that a change in the 5,000-pound RQ
for either of these substances is warranted, EPA will propose to
readjust the RQ for MDI and/or p-phenylenediamine in a separate
rulemaking.
2. Ethylene Glycol
The proposed adjustment of the RQ for ethylene glycol from the
statutory one-pound level to 5,000 pounds was supported by 75 of the 76
commenters who submitted comments on this substance.7 It is
important to note, however, that releases of ethylene glycol equal to
or exceeding 5,000 pounds during a 24-hour period (e.g., from airplane
de-icing operations) are reportable under CERCLA. If such a release is
not federally permitted and, thus, is not exempt from CERCLA reporting
and liability provisions, notification to the NRC under CERCLA and to
the appropriate State emergency response commissions (SERCs) and local
emergency planning committees (LEPCs) under EPCRA is required. The
Agency anticipated that releases in excess of 5,000 pounds may occur
and noted in the preamble to the October 22, 1993 NPRM that releases of
ethylene glycol in de-icing operations equal to or exceeding the 5,000-
pound RQ may qualify for reduced reporting as ``continuous releases.''
8
\7\ Detailed responses to these comments on ethylene glycol are
included in Section I.B of the responses to comments document for
this rulemaking, available at the CERCLA Docket Office, Crystal
Gateway #1, 12th Floor, 1235 Jefferson Davis Highway, Arlington, VA
22202.
\8\ In addition to MDI and ethylene glycol, the Agency received
a number of comments in support of RQs proposed for other individual
hazardous air pollutants. Detailed responses to these comments are
included in Section I.C of the responses to comments document for
this rulemaking, available at the CERCLA Docket Office, Crystal
Gateway #1, 12th Floor, 1235 Jefferson Davis Highway, Arlington, VA
22202.
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B. Opposition to Proposed RQ Adjustments
1. Xylenes
In addition to RQ adjustments for the 47 individual CAA hazardous
air pollutants, EPA also proposed an RQ adjustment for the hazardous
substance category, ``xylene (mixed).'' This category is already listed
in Table 302.4 as a CERCLA hazardous substance and represents a mixture
of the three xylene isomers, m-xylene, o-xylene, and p-xylene, in any
proportion. In 1990, the CAA Amendments added the three xylene isomers
individually to the CAA section 112 list of hazardous air pollutants.
In today's final rule, EPA is adding these three isomers as three
separate entries in the 40 CFR 302.4 list of CERCLA hazardous
substances.
In the October 22, 1993 NPRM, the Agency proposed to adjust the RQs
for m-xylene and p-xylene to 100 pounds, and the RQ for o-xylene to
1,000 pounds. Because there are three substances within the xylenes
category and EPA had sufficient data to assign RQs to each of these
substances, the Agency also proposed to assign the lowest RQ of the
individual member substances to the category. Specifically, EPA
proposed to adjust the RQ for the ``xylene (mixed)'' category from
1,000 pounds to 100 pounds to be consistent with the data used to
develop the 100-pound proposed RQs for the m- and p-xylene isomers. In
today's final rule, the Agency is promulgating the 100-pound proposed
RQ for ``xylene (mixed),'' as described below in Section II.B.1.a of
the preamble.
It is important to note that the preceding paragraph only describes
the Agency's adjustment of the RQ for the ``xylenes (mixed)'' category.
This discussion does not address whether particular releases of mixed
xylenes are reportable under various scenarios. The person in charge of
a facility from which a release of mixed xylenes occurs should apply
the mixture rule (as described in Section II.B.6 of today's preamble)
on a case-by-case basis to determine if a particular release of mixed
xylenes must be reported under CERCLA section 103 and EPCRA section
304. Essentially, the Agency's mixture rule provides that, if the
quantity of each of the xylene isomers in a particular mixture of
xylenes is known (and there are no other hazardous constituents in the
xylenes mixture), reporting is required only when an RQ or more of m-,
o-, or p-xylene is released. If, however, the quantity of one or more
of the xylene isomers is unknown, reporting is required when 100 pounds
or more of the total mixture of xylenes is released.
a. Aquatic Toxicity. Nine commenters favored promulgation of 1,000-
pound adjusted RQs for m- and p-xylene and for the ``xylene (mixed)''
category, rather than the 100-pound RQs proposed for these substances.
Six of the nine commenters asserted that the Agency had incorrectly
assigned 100-pound primary criteria RQs to these substances. As
correctly noted by these commenters, the 100-pound RQ adjustments
proposed for m- and p-xylene were based on studies of fish species
other than the standard species (i.e., fathead minnow or bluegill)
preferred for assigning RQs based on aquatic toxicity. As stated in
previous technical background documents to support RQ adjustment
rulemakings, aquatic toxicity studies from other fish species may be
used by the Agency to establish RQs when data on standard species are
not available.
Several commenters performed and submitted additional studies
(Springborn Laboratories (1994a and 1994b)) 9 on the aquatic
toxicity of m- [[Page 30929]] and p-xylene using standard species. EPA
has reviewed these and other standard species studies (Geiger et al.
(1986, 1990)) 10 submitted by the commenters on the xylene
isomers.
\9\ Machado, M. 1994a. para-Xylene - Acute Toxicity to Fathead
Minnow (Pimephales promelas) Under Flow-Through Conditions.
Springborn Laboratories, Wareham, Massachusetts; and Machado, M.
1994b. meta-Xylene--Acute Toicity to Fathead Minnow (Pimephales
promelas) Under Flow-Through Conditions. Springborn Laboratories,
Wareham, Massachusetts.
\10\ Geiger, D.L., S.H. Poirier, L.T. Brooke, D.J. Call, Eds.
1986. Acute Toxicities of Organic Chemicals to Fathead Minnows
(Pimephales promelas). Vol III, Center for Lake Superior
Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin-Superior; and Geiger,
D.L., S.H. Poirier, L.T. Brooke, D.J. Call, Eds. 1990. Acute
Toxicities of Organic Chemicals to Fathead Minnows (Pimephales
promelas). Vol V, Center for Lake Superior Environmental Studies,
University of Wisconsin-Superior.
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Fathead minnow data on m-xylene in both the Geiger et al. (1990)
and Springborn Laboratories (1994b) studies support the assignment of a
1,000-pound RQ for this substance.11 In today's final rule,
therefore, EPA is not promulgating the 100-pound RQ for m-xylene as
proposed; rather, the Agency is promulgating a 1,000-pound RQ for this
substance based, in part, on the aquatic toxicity data reported in
Geiger et al. (1990) and Springborn Laboratories (1994b). (Chronic
toxicity and ignitability data also support a 1,000-pound RQ for m-
xylene.)
\11\ For a detailed discussion of the studies on m-xylene, see
Response Numbers II.A.3 and II.A.6 in Section II of the responses to
comments document for this rulemaking, available for inspection at
the CERCLA Docket Office, Crystal Gateway #1, 12th Floor, 1235
Jefferson Davis Highway, Arlington, VA 22202.
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Fathead minnow data on p-xylene, however, as reported in both the
Geiger et al. (1986) and Springborn Laboratories (1994a) studies,
support the 100-pound RQ proposed for p-xylene in the October 22, 1993
proposed rule.12 Therefore, EPA is finalizing a 100-pound adjusted
RQ for p-xylene based on the standard aquatic toxicity data provided in
Geiger et al. (1986) and Springborn Laboratories (1994a), and supported
by the non-standard aquatic toxicity data used by EPA in the October
22, 1993 NPRM as the basis for the 100-pound RQ proposed for this
substance.
\12\ The Agency disagrees with one commenter's assertion that
data from Geiger et al. (1986) are unacceptable because of certain
deviations from standard test conditions. For a detailed discussion
of the studies on p-xylene, see Response Numbers II.A.3, II.A.4, and
II.A.5 in Section II of the responses to comments document for this
rulemaking, available for inspection at the CERCLA Docket Office,
Crystal Gateway #1, 12th Floor, 1235 Jefferson Davis Highway,
Arlington, VA 22202.
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With regard to the comments recommending a 1,000-pound RQ for the
``xylenes (mixed)'' category, although EPA appreciates the aquatic
toxicity data provided by the commenters, the Agency is not using these
data to determine an RQ for this hazardous substance category in the
final rule. As noted previously, because there are three xylene isomers
within the ``xylenes (mixed)'' category and EPA has sufficient data to
assign RQs to each of these three substances, the Agency is assigning
the lowest RQ of the individual member substances to the category.
Thus, EPA is readjusting the 1,000-pound RQ for xylenes (mixed) to 100
pounds, as proposed, to be consistent with the 100-pound RQ for one of
its member substances, p-xylene. Assigning a 100-pound RQ to the
``xylenes (mixed)'' category is consistent with other instances (e.g.,
cyanides) in which the Agency has assigned the lowest RQ of the
individual member substances to a hazardous substance category, because
the category contains only a limited number of substances and EPA has
sufficient data to assign RQs to all of these substances in the
category.
b. Application of BHP. Eight commenters contended that EPA did not
properly evaluate xylenes for their susceptibility to degradation in
the environment in proposing adjusted RQs for these substances in the
October 22, 1993 NPRM. The Agency disagrees. EPA conducted a
comprehensive search for data on both the primary RQ adjustment
criteria and the secondary criteria of BHP, and was unable to locate
any convincing degradation data indicating that application of BHP to
raise the RQs of xylenes was warranted.\13\ In addition, EPA applies
the secondary RQ adjustment criteria of BHP to raise the RQ of a
hazardous substance only when the reaction products are less hazardous
than the parent substance. Data submitted on the xylenes indicate that
the degradation products of xylenes in the atmosphere include 2,4-
dimethylphenol and formaldehyde, each of which is a CERCLA hazardous
substance with a 100-pound RQ. Because the RQs of these two degradative
products are 100 pounds, application of the secondary criteria of BHP
to the xylenes could not be used to raise the 1,000-pound RQs for m-
and o-xylene or the 100-pound RQs for p-xylene and xylenes (mixed).
\13\ For detailed responses to comments regarding the
degradation of xylenes and application of BHP to these substances,
see Response Numbers II.A.10 and II.A.11 in Section II of the
responses to comments document for this rulemaking, available for
inspection at the CERCLA Docket Office, Crystal Gateway #1, 12th
Floor, 1235 Jefferson Davis Highway, Arlington, VA 22202.
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2. Dimethylformamide
One commenter opposed the 10-pound RQ proposed for
dimethylformamide and asserted that a 100-pound RQ is more appropriate
for this substance. To support this assertion, the commenter submitted
data from a number of epidemiology and animal toxicity studies the
commenter had used to challenge the Agency's classification of
dimethylformamide as a probable human carcinogen. As the commenter
correctly noted, the Agency proposed in the October 22, 1993 NPRM to
adjust the RQ for dimethylformamide to 10 pounds, based on an
evaluation of its potential carcinogenicity. Based on data reviewed at
that time indicating limited evidence of carcinogenic effects in humans
and inadequate evidence in animals, EPA classified dimethylformamide as
a weight-of-evidence Group B1, probable human carcinogen. Combining
this weight-of-evidence classification with a potency Group 2
classification resulted in a hazard ranking of ``medium'' and a
proposed adjusted RQ of 10 pounds.
Since publication of the October 22, 1993 NPRM, however, the Agency
has completed its own internal review of data on the potential
carcinogenicity of dimethylformamide, including relevant data submitted
by the commenter. As a result of this review, EPA agrees with the
commenter that the weight of evidence is not currently sufficient to
classify dimethylformamide as a Group B1, probable human carcinogen.
For this reason, EPA has not relied on the potential carcinogenicity
criterion as a basis for the RQ adjustment for dimethylformamide;
rather, in today's final rule, the Agency is promulgating a 100-pound
RQ for this substance based on chronic toxicity.
3. Titanium Tetrachloride
Two commenters asserted that a 1,000-pound primary criteria RQ is
scientifically justified for titanium tetrachloride based on toxicity
and, thus, more appropriate than the 100-pound RQ proposed for this
substance. Although EPA continues to believe that a primary criteria RQ
of 100 pounds is warranted for titanium tetrachloride,\14\ the Agency
has decided to promulgate an adjusted RQ of 1,000 pounds for this
substance based on a re-evaluation of titanium tetrachloride under the
secondary RQ adjustment criterion of hydrolysis. As noted in Section
II.B.1.b of this preamble, one-level upward RQ adjustments based on
hydrolysis are warranted only when the secondary products of the
reaction are less toxic than the parent compound. The most prevalent
secondary product of the titanium tetrachloride hydrolysis reaction is
hydrochloric acid (or [[Page 30930]] hydrogen chloride gas), which is a
CERCLA hazardous substance with a 5,000-pound RQ. In an August 30, 1989
rule (54 FR 35988), the Agency proposed to adjust the 5,000-pound RQ
for hydrochloric acid to 100 pounds, based on application of the TPQ
methodology (see Section I.C of today's preamble) as part of the RQ
adjustment methodology. Because the proposed 100-pound RQ for
hydrochloric acid (the reaction product) from the 1989 rule was no
higher than the 100-pound primary criteria RQ for titanium
tetrachloride (the parent compound), the Agency did not apply the
secondary RQ adjustment criteria to raise the RQ for titanium
tetrachloride in the October 22, 1993 NPRM.
\14\ For further discussion of the chronic toxicity primary
criterion RQ for titanium tetrachloride, see Response Number II.B.17
in Section II of the responses to comments document for this
rulemaking, available for inspection at the CERCLA Docket Office,
Crystal Gateway #1, 12th Floor, 1235 Jefferson Davis Highway,
Arlington, VA 22202.
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As of today's final rule, however, EPA has not yet promulgated the
100-pound RQ for hydrochloric acid that was proposed in the August 30,
1989 rule and has not yet included the TPQ methodology as part of the
RQ adjustment methodology in any final rule; thus, the current 5,000-
pound RQ for hydrochloric acid still applies. This 5,000-pound RQ for
hydrochloric acid is higher than the 100-pound RQ for titanium
tetrachloride (i.e., the secondary product of the hydrolysis reaction
is less toxic than the parent compound). Therefore, the Agency is
applying the secondary RQ adjustment criterion of hydrolysis in today's
final rule to raise the 100-pound primary criteria RQ for titanium
tetrachloride one level to 1,000 pounds.\15\
\15\ If EPA incorporates the TPQ methodology as part of the RQ
adjustment methodology and adjusts the RQ for hydrochloric acid in a
final rule, the RQ for titanium tetrachloride will be readjusted
accordingly.
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4. Other Individual CAA Hazardous Air Pollutants
a. Biphenyl. Four commenters supported a 1,000-pound adjusted RQ
for biphenyl, rather than the 100-pound RQ adjustment proposed in the
October 22, 1993 NPRM. One of these commenters submitted data on the
biodegradation of biphenyl and concluded that these data support a
1,000-pound RQ. After reviewing the data submitted by this commenter,
the Agency disagrees with the commenter's conclusions. The data on
biphenyl provided by the commenter do not meet several conditions
necessary for adjustment based on biodegradation, including: (1) The
substance must have a five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5)
equal to or greater than 50% in ``unadapted'' media, which have not
been previously exposed to the substance; and (2) the substance must be
in a form that is available to microorganisms responsible for
biodegradation.\16\ Therefore, the Agency is promulgating an adjusted
RQ of 100 pounds for biphenyl based on the chronic toxicity criterion,
with no upward adjustment based on BHP.
\16\ For detailed responses to comments on the biodegradation of
biphenyl, see Response Numbers II.B.4 and II.B.5 in Section II of
the responses to comments document for this rulemaking, available
for inspection at the CERCLA Docket Office, Crystal Gateway #1, 12th
Floor, 1235 Jefferson Davis Highway, Arlington, VA 22202.
b. 1,3-Butadiene. Two commenters opposed the 10-pound proposed RQ
for 1,3-butadiene. These commenters submitted potential carcinogenicity
data to support the assertion that the potency factor calculated for
1,3-butadiene by the Agency in the proposed rule was ``at least an
order of magnitude too high.'' According to the commenters, the Agency
should recalculate a more accurate (and lower) value for the potency of
1,3-butadiene and should promulgate a 100-pound RQ for this substance,
rather than the 10-pound proposed RQ.
Pending completion of its review of new epidemiology data on 1,3-
butadiene submitted by the commenters, as well as data on the
appropriate model for conducting quantitative risk assessments on this
substance, the Agency will retain its current estimates, including a
potency factor calculation of 8.4 (mg/kg/day)-1 for RQ adjustment
purposes.\17\ This potency factor, coupled with a weight-of-evidence
Group B2 classification, results in a final RQ of 10 pounds for 1,3-
butadiene in today's final rule. EPA is continuing its comprehensive
review of the potential carcinogenicity data on 1,3-butadiene to
determine if a change in the Agency's potency factor estimate is
necessary. The Agency will readjust the RQ for 1,3-butadiene in a
separate rulemaking if its review results in an RQ other than 10 pounds
for this substance.
\17\ For detailed responses to comments on the potential
carcinogenicity of 1,3-butadiene, and EPA's basis for using its
current estimates to adjust the RQ for this substance, see Response
Numbers II.B.7 and II.B.8 in the responses to comments document for
this rulemaking, available for inspection at the CERCLA Docket
Office, Crystal Gateway #1, 12th Floor, 1235 Jefferson Davis
Highway, Arlington, VA 22202.
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c. Cresols. The Agency also proposed in the October 22, 1993 NPRM
to adjust the RQ for another hazardous substance category,
``cresol(s),'' which, similar to ``xylene (mixed),'' is already listed
in Table 302.4. This listing for the hazardous substance cresols
represents a mixture of the three cresol isomers (m-cresol, o-cresol,
and p-cresol) in any proportion. In 1990, the CAA Amendments added the
three cresol isomers individually to the CAA section 112 list of
hazardous air pollutants. In today's final rule, EPA is adding these
three isomers as three separate entries in the 40 CFR 302.4 list of
CERCLA hazardous substances.
In the October 22, 1993 NPRM, the Agency proposed adjustments to
the statutory one-pound RQs for the three cresol isomers. EPA proposed
to adjust each of the RQs for m-, o-, and p-cresol to 100 pounds based
on studies published since the final rule designating the category
cresols as a hazardous substance and assigning it a 1,000-pound RQ (see
51 FR 34561, September 29, 1986). Because there are three substances
within the cresols category and EPA had sufficient data to assign 100-
pound RQs to each of these substances, the Agency proposed to adjust
the RQ for the ``cresol(s)'' category from 1,000 pounds to 100 pounds
to be consistent with the data used to develop the 100-pound RQs for
the m-, o-, and p-cresol isomers.
One commenter opposed the 100-pound RQ for the cresol isomers and
asserted that the recent reclassification of cresols in the IRIS data
base as a weight-of-evidence Group C, possible human carcinogen, was
based on studies of doubtful validity. Based on data submitted to
support its assertion, the commenter requested that EPA retain the
1,000-pound RQ for cresols, pending the outcome of EPA's decision on
this matter.
EPA disagrees with the commenter that the 1,000-pound RQ for
cresols should be retained. Hazardous substances are classified in
weight-of-evidence Group C when the Agency determines that there is
``limited'' evidence of carcinogenicity in animals, in the absence of
human data. According to EPA guidelines,\18\ limited evidence of
carcinogenicity in animals can be indicated by a wide variety of
effects, including: (1) Malignant tumor responses in a single, well-
conducted experiment that does not meet conditions for ``sufficient''
evidence; (2) tumor responses of marginal statistical significance in
studies having inadequate design or reporting; (3) benign tumors
(without malignant tumors) from an agent showing no response in a
variety of short-term tests for mutagenicity; and (4) responses of
marginal statistical significance in a tissue known to have a high or
variable background rate of cancer.
\18\ U.S. EPA 1988. Methodology for Evaluating Potential
Carcinogenicity in Support of Reportable Quantity Adjustments
Pursuant to CERCLA Section 102. Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Washington, DC.
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EPA has carefully reviewed the data submitted by the commenter. As
a result [[Page 30931]] of this review, EPA has decided to retain its
classification of each of the cresol isomers (m-, o-, and p-cresol) in
weight-of-evidence Group C, possible human carcinogen. The deficiencies
noted by the commenter regarding the in vitro and in vivo studies
relied on by the Agency are reasons for the Agency's decision not to
classify the evidence of carcinogenicity as ``sufficient.''\19\
Reviewed together, however, these studies do provide limited evidence
of animal carcinogenicity and, thus, justify classification of the
cresol isomers in weight-of-evidence Group C. The Agency, therefore,
will retain its original decision to adjust the RQ for cresols from
1,000 to 100 pounds, and to establish final RQs of 100 pounds for each
of the cresol isomers.\20\
\19\ For further information on the data and findings of the in
vitro and in vivo studies, see Section 3 of the Technical Background
Document to Support Rulemaking Pursuant to CERCLA Section 102,
Volume 7, available for inspection as part of the public docket for
this rulemaking at the CERCLA Docket Office, Crystal Gateway #1,
12th Floor, 1235 Jefferson Davis Highway, Arlington, VA 22202.
\20\ For detailed responses to the comments on the
carcinogenicity of cresols, see Response Numbers II.B.10 and II.B.11
in Section II of the responses to comments document for this
rulemaking, available for inspection at the CERCLA Docket Office,
Crystal Gateway #1, 12th Floor, 1235 Jefferson Davis Highway,
Arlington, VA 22202.
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d. Diethanolamine. Three commenters opposed the 100-pound proposed
RQ for diethanolamine based on the chronic toxicity criterion. The
commenters asserted that a primary criteria RQ of 1,000 pounds is more
appropriate for this substance, and that application of the secondary
RQ adjustment criterion of biodegradation should be applied to raise
the final RQ to 5,000 pounds.
Under the methodology for developing primary criterion RQs based on
chronic toxicity, a substance is first assigned two rating values, one
based on the dose that causes a particular effect, and one based on the
severity of the effect. The dose rating value (RVd) ranges from
one to 10, with 10 representing the most toxic substances. The effect
rating value (RVe) also ranges from one to 10, with 10
representing the most severe effect. The product of the RVd and
RVe for a substance yields a composite score between one and 100.
Tentative chronic toxicity RQs are then assigned on the basis of the
composite score.\21\
\21\ For further information on the relationship of composite
scores to tentative chronic toxicity RQs, see the Technical
Background Document to Support Rulemaking Pursuant to CERCLA Section
102, Volume 2, available for inspection as part of the public docket
for this rulemaking at the CERCLA Docket Office, Crystal Gateway #1,
12th Floor, 1235 Jefferson Davis Highway, Arlington, VA 22202.
Because no chronic toxicity studies have been reported for
diethanolamine, both EPA and the commenters used data from a 13-week
subchronic study (Melnick (1992) 22 to develop their respective
conclusions. Based on a different interpretation of these same data,
the commenters supported use of an RVe of 5, rather than the
RVe of 7 used by EPA to assign a 100-pound primary criterion RQ
for diethanolamine. The commenters generally agreed with the Agency on
an RVd of 3.8 for the substance.
\22\ Melnick, R.L., 1992. NTP Technical Report on the Toxicity
Studies of Diethanolamine (CAS No. 111-42-2) Administered Topically
and in Drinking Water to F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice. National
Toxicology Program. NIH Publication No. 92-3343.
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In supporting an RVe of 5 for diethanolamine, one of the
commenters asserted that increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) is
incorrectly listed as an effect and that reported kidney changes do not
identify impairment of kidney function. EPA disagrees; upward trends in
relative kidney weight and BUN have been observed together, suggesting
that kidney function (i.e., removal of excess urea) in the exposed
animals is impaired, resulting in increased kidney weight. The Agency,
therefore, considers it appropriate to place diethanolamine in RVe
category 7 because of the observed ``necrosis * * * with a detectable
decrement of organ function.'' This results in a composite score of
26.6 (i.e., 3.8 RVd x 7 RVe) and a corresponding chronic
toxicity primary criterion RQ of 100 pounds.
This commenter also supported raising the primary criterion RQ for
diethanolamine one level, based on the secondary criterion of
biodegradation. Two (Bridie et al. (1979) and Gannon et al. (1978))
23 of the eight studies submitted by the commenter on the
biodegradation of diethanolamine reported BOD5 values equal to or
greater than the standard for upward RQ adjustment on the basis of
biodegradation. These experiments, however, were conducted using
``adapted'' sewage sludge (see previous discussion on biphenyl), rather
than under conditions normally found in the environment. One (Bridie et
al. (1979)) of these two studies also evaluated diethanolamine using
unadapted sewage sludge, but the result was a BOD5 of only two
percent.
\23\ Bridie, A.L. et al., 1979. Biochemical Oxygen Demand and
Chemical Oxygen Demand of Some Petrochemicals. Water Research
13:627-30; and Gannon, J.E. et al., 1978. Microbial Degradation of
Diethanolamine and Related Compounds. Microbios. 23:7-18.
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Because the data provided by the commenter do not justify
application of the secondary RQ adjustment criterion of biodegradation
to diethanolamine, the Agency has promulgated a final RQ of 100 pounds
(as proposed) based on chronic toxicity.
e. Ethylene Glycol. One commenter stated that, based on the
incidence of pet and wildlife poisonings due to ingestion of ethylene
glycol antifreeze, the 5,000-pound proposed RQ for ethylene glycol is
inappropriate. The commenter asserted that, by raising the RQ to 5,000
pounds, EPA would be sending the false message that ethylene glycol is
not dangerous. According to the commenter, such a message would result
in reduced attention to all but the largest releases of this substance.
For this reason, the commenter urges EPA to retain a one-pound RQ for
ethylene glycol.
While EPA shares the concerns expressed by the commenter regarding
acute exposures to ethylene glycol, the Agency believes that a lower RQ
for ethylene glycol would not necessarily prevent accidental poisonings
to humans, pets, and wildlife. RQs under CERCLA serve only to notify
the Federal, State, and local governments of the release so that
authorities can determine whether a response is necessary under the
particular circumstances of the release.
In addition, the technical data supplied by the commenter do not
support assignment of an RQ for ethylene glycol below 5,000 pounds.
Under EPA's RQ adjustment methodology, an acute mammalian toxicity RQ
for oral exposure to a hazardous substance (e.g., ethylene glycol) is
determined based on the dose that is lethal to 50 percent of the animal
population tested (known as the LD50 value). For the oral exposure
route, LD50s of between 100 and 499 milligrams per kilogram (mg/
kg) define the range that results in a 5,000-pound RQ based on acute
mammalian toxicity. LD50 values above 499 mg/kg also result in RQs
at the maximum 5,000-pound level; LD50s below 100 mg/kg result in
RQs between one and 1,000 pounds.
The commenter supplied several pieces of information to support the
position that ethylene glycol should be assigned a one-pound RQ. This
information included studies on the toxicity of ethylene glycol, a
table showing regulation of ethylene glycol under Federal environmental
statutes (e.g., the CAA and CERCLA), and newspaper articles describing
accidental poisonings. EPA has carefully reviewed these materials. None
of the data submitted by the commenter support an RQ of one-pound; in
fact, all of these data are well above the upper bound of the range of
acute mammalian toxicity [[Page 30932]] data (499 mg/kg) that define a
5,000-pound RQ.24
\24\ For a detailed response to this comment on ethylene glycol,
see Response Number II.B.16 in Section II of the responses to
comments document for this rulemaking, available for inspection at
the CERCLA Docket Office, Crystal Gateway #1, 12th Floor, 1235
Jefferson Davis Highway, Arlington, VA 22202.
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The commenter also provided a table showing that ethylene glycol,
unlike propylene glycol, is regulated under various environmental
statutes. The commenter appears to be using the table to suggest that
ethylene glycol is the more toxic of the two substances. Regardless of
whether this assertion is correct, listing of ethylene glycol (i.e.,
under the CAA and CERCLA) indicates only that an RQ must be assigned to
this CERCLA hazardous substance, but does not provide the technical
data needed to support a particular RQ. The newspaper articles
submitted by the commenter do not provide any data that can be used to
adjust the RQ for ethylene glycol.
As noted above, all of the data from the studies submitted by the
commenter are above the range of acute mammalian toxicity data that
result in a 5,000-pound RQ. In fact, EPA has assigned a lower primary
criteria RQ based on chronic toxicity (1,000 pounds) than indicated
based on mammalian toxicity (5,000 pounds). The Agency then applied the
secondary RQ adjustment criteria of BHP, which resulted in an upward
adjustment of the 1,000-pound chronic toxicity RQ to 5,000 pounds based
on ethylene glycol's susceptibility to biodegradation in the
environment.
Thus, EPA does not have sufficient technical justification to
establish a one-pound adjusted RQ for ethylene glycol, as requested by
the commenter. Nevertheless, the Agency encourages users of ethylene
glycol to exercise greater precautions to help prevent accidental
poisonings. In addition, EPA would like to clarify that the 5,000-pound
final RQ for ethylene glycol should not be interpreted as a
determination that smaller releases are safe under all possible release
scenarios.
5. K088
To assign an RQ to a hazardous waste stream, the Agency first
identifies the substances that are constituents of the waste stream (as
listed in 40 CFR part 261, Appendix VII) and determines the RQs for
these constituents. The lowest of the constituent RQs becomes the RQ
for the waste stream. In the case of spent potliner wastes (K088), the
only hazardous constituent is cyanide, which is a CERCLA hazardous
substance with a final RQ of 10 pounds (50 FR 13456, April 4, 1985).
For this reason, EPA proposed an RQ of 10 pounds for waste stream K088
in the October 22, 1993 NPRM.
One commenter requested that the proposed 10-pound RQ for K088 be
raised to 1,000 pounds based on the cyanide content of this waste
stream. The Agency notes, however, that the RQ adjustment methodology
does not consider the ``content'' or concentration of a constituent in
the waste stream in determining an RQ for that waste stream. Therefore,
EPA is promulgating a 10-pound RQ for K088 in today's final rule.
6. F037 and F038
As noted in Section I.B., the Agency has decided to promulgate
final RQs for two hazardous waste streams (F037 and F038) for which RQs
were proposed on March 27, 1991 (56 FR 12862). For this reason, EPA is
addressing the two comments submitted on this previous proposal in
today's final rule.
The two commenters supported EPA's methodology of applying the
Agency's ``mixture rule'' in determining whether CERCLA notification
for F037 and F038 is required, but opposed an RQ of one pound for F037
and F038 when constituent quantities of the waste are unknown.
Under the mixture rule, as set forth in 40 CFR 302.6(b), if the
quantity of each of the constituents of a waste is known, reporting is
required only when an RQ or more of any of the individual hazardous
constituents is released. Knowledge that the average quantities of
hazardous constituents in several waste streams with the same
identification number (e.g., F037) are below their respective hazardous
constituent RQs is not a sufficient basis for applying this provision
of the mixture rule to all waste streams with that identification
number.
The Agency's mixture rule also provides that, if the quantity of
one or more of the hazardous constituents is unknown, reporting is
required when an RQ or more of the waste itself is released. Thus, if
the quantity of one or more of the constituents of F037 or F038 was
unknown, reporting would be required when the amount of the waste
stream released is one pound or more.
EPA believes that the one-pound adjusted RQs for waste streams F037
and F038 are necessary to fulfill the Agency's CERCLA mandate to
protect public health and welfare and the environment from releases of
these waste streams that may contain concentrations of hazardous
constituents greater than those considered ``typical'' by the
commenter.25
\25\ For a detailed discussion of these responses to comments on
F037 and F038, see Response Numbers V.1 and V.2 in Section V of the
responses to comments document for this rulemaking, available for
inspection at the CERCLA Docket Office, Crystal Gateway #1, 12th
Floor, 1235 Jefferson Davis Highway, Arlington, VA 22202.
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C. Reporting Requirements for CAA Broad Generic Categories
1. Options for Assigning RQs
Of the broad generic categories of chemicals listed as hazardous
air pollutants by the CAA Amendments, five categories--cobalt
compounds, glycol ethers, manganese compounds, fine mineral fibers, and
polycyclic organic matter--were not previously on the CERCLA list.
In the October 22, 1993 NPRM, EPA requested public comments on the
following five options for addressing the CERCLA reporting requirements
for these broad categories:
(1) Assign no RQ level to the CAA broad generic categories;
(2) Retain a one-pound RQ for these categories (i.e., the lowest RQ
EPA assigns to individual hazardous substances);
(3) Assign an RQ to each category that reflects either the average
RQ or the lowest RQ of the substances within each category;
(4) Assign a 5,000-pound RQ to each category (i.e., the highest RQ
EPA assigns to individual hazardous substances); or
(5) Identify and assign an RQ to certain substances within each
category. For the remaining substances within each of the five
categories not assigned a specific RQ, assign no RQ, retain a one-pound
RQ, assign an average or lowest RQ, or assign a 5,000-pound RQ.
In the preamble to the proposed rule, EPA described a variety of
factors that it would consider in choosing an option that protects
public health and welfare and the environment. These factors included:
the length of time EPA would need to evaluate a large number of
compounds individually; the need to have meaningful information
reported to the National Response Center (i.e., avoiding either too
much or too little information); and the need to avoid unnecessary and
costly reporting burdens. After careful evaluation of these factors and
consideration of all public comments on the five options, the Agency
believes that, as suggested by 34 of the 44 commenters who addressed
the options, the most effective balance of these factors would be to
implement one of the reporting scenarios described in Option 5. Under
[[Page 30933]] the selected option, the Agency is assigning no RQ level
to the five CAA broad generic categories, but will evaluate and may
individually list in Table 302.4 of 40 CFR 302.4 certain substances
within the categories, and assign RQs to these substances.
In response to five commenters' requests to accelerate promulgation
of the RQ adjustments for the hazardous air pollutants proposed in the
October 22, 1993 NPRM, the Agency expedited the schedule for today's
final rule; for this reason, the Agency has not yet implemented the
portion of Option 5 that involves identifying additional substances
within the categories to determine if individual listing in Table 302.4
is warranted, but will do so at a later date.
The remainder of Section II.C first provides an overview of EPA's
evaluation of each of the five options using the factors presented in
the proposed rule. This overview also includes the number of commenters
that favored each option. The public comments are then summarized and
responses provided by the following topic areas: (1) Definition and
scope of the categories; and (2) other issues.
Selecting Option 1 (assigning no RQ to the five CAA broad generic
categories) would eliminate the time needed for EPA to evaluate member
substances individually. Option 1 also would be the least costly and
burdensome of the options because reporting of such member substances
would not be required (except for those that are already listed
separately). The major disadvantage of Option 1 is that it does not
contain any provisions for individually listing and assigning RQs to
specific substances in future rulemakings. EPA believes that upon
further identification and analysis of the substances within the
categories, there may be certain individual substances that merit
separate listing and reporting requirements to protect adequately
public health and welfare and the environment. Eight commenters favored
Option 1.
The Agency decided that Option 2 (retaining a one-pound RQ for the
category) would be infeasible for a variety of reasons. As correctly
noted by several commenters, a one-pound RQ would not take into
consideration the varying characteristics of all of the specific
compounds in the categories. Thus, Option 2 would result in a large
burden on the regulated community for reporting small releases of
thousands of substances whose inherent chemical characteristics do not
warrant reporting at such low release levels. In addition, the large
number of reports of small releases would hinder the National Response
Center's ability to receive and process meaningful information and,
therefore, the government's ability to respond to releases that are
much more likely to pose a threat to public health or welfare or the
environment. No commenters favored Option 2.
Similarly, the Agency determined that Option 3 (assign an RQ to
each category that reflects either the average RQ or the lowest RQ of
the substances within the category) would be infeasible. Assigning an
average RQ to the categories, in addition to the disadvantages of
Option 2, would be extremely time- and resource-intensive because EPA
would need to evaluate all known individual substances within each
category to determine an RQ for each so that an average RQ for the
category could be calculated. Assigning the lowest RQ of the member
substances to the category, similar to Option 2, would result in
reporting of a large number of small releases that would hinder
government response capabilities. This portion of Option 3 also would
be time- and resource-intensive because EPA would need to evaluate the
substances within the categories to determine the lowest RQ of the
member substances. No commenters favored Option 3.
Option 4 (assign a 5,000-pound RQ to each category) would be less
burdensome than Options 2 and 3, but also would be technically
inappropriate for certain substances that may pose greater hazards.
Only two commenters favored Option 4.
Option 5 involves identifying and assigning RQs to certain
substances within each category, but contains several possible
variations on how to treat the remaining substances (i.e., assign no
RQ, assign a one-pound RQ, assign an average or lowest RQ, or assign a
5,000-pound RQ). These variations correspond to the previous four
options. A total of 34 commenters favored Option 5 as an acceptable
variation of Option 1.
EPA has concluded that Option 5 is preferable to the other four
options because it allows the Agency greater flexibility to achieve the
appropriate balance between reporting burdens, the amount of time
needed for EPA to evaluate individual member substances, and protection
of public health and welfare and the environment. In particular, EPA
has chosen the variation of Option 5 under which the Agency assigns no
RQ to the category but identifies, designates, and assigns RQs to
certain individual substances within the category at a later date.
Thus, reporting will be required for these substances, but not for
other substances within the categories that do not merit separate
CERCLA listing. This process of identifying member substances and
assigning RQs will require a considerable amount of time and Agency
resources, which will vary depending on the number of substances
designated. The major advantage of this variation of Option 5 is that
reports to the National Response Center will be limited to information
that specifically applies to substances that have been evaluated and
for which a determination has been made that they should be
individually listed in Table 302.4 of 40 CFR part 302.
It is important to note that CERCLA liability continues to apply to
releases of all compounds within each category, even if these compounds
are not listed separately in Table 302.4 and, therefore, RQs have not
been assigned. Parties responsible for releases of hazardous substances
that fall under any of the five CAA broad generic categories are liable
for the costs associated with cleanup and any natural resource damages
resulting from the release.
2. Definition and Scope of the Categories
Five commenters noted that certain footnotes from the CAA
Amendments of 1990 that apply to three of the five CAA broad generic
categories (glycol ethers, fine mineral fibers, and polycyclic organic
matter) were not included in the October 22, 1993 NPRM. The commenters
asserted that, without these footnotes, the listings for these three
categories in Table 302.4 of 40 CFR 302.4 would be unclear and subject
to different interpretations. For this reason, the commenters urged EPA
to include the footnotes to these three CAA categories in the
regulatory list of CERCLA hazardous substances (i.e., Table 302.4).
In the October 22, 1993 NPRM, the Agency intended that the proposed
listings in Table 302.4 of 40 CFR 302.4 for these hazardous air
pollutants (including the five CAA broad generic categories) be the
same as the listings for these substances in the CAA Amendments
(subject to clarification by regulations implementing these
amendments). As the commenters correctly note, footnotes 2, 3, and 4 in
the CAA Amendments that limit the CAA section 112 listings of ``glycol
ethers,'' ``fine mineral fibers,'' and ``polycyclic organic matter,''
respectively, also apply to these same listings in Table 302.4. To
clarify this issue in today's final rule, EPA is revising the three
category listings (glycol ethers,\2\ fine mineral fibers,\3\ and
polycyclic organic matter \4\) proposed in [[Page 30934]] the October
22, 1993 NPRM to add the applicable footnotes from the CAA Amendments
of 1990:
\2\ Includes mono- and di- ethers of ethylene glycol, diethylene
glycol, and triethylene glycol R-(OCH2CH2)n-OR' where
n = 1, 2, or 3
R = alkyl or aryl groups
R'= R, H, or groups which, when removed, yield glycol ethers
with the structure: R-(OCH2CH2)n-OH.26 Polymers are
excluded from the glycol category.
\26\ The Agency would like to note that a typographical error
has been made in the second mention of the chemical formula for
glycol ethers in footnote 2 from the CAA Amendments. This formula
appears in the CAA Amendments as ``R-(OCH2CH)n-OH.'' In Table
302.4 of today's final rule, an additional ``2'' has been added
within the parentheses; thus, the formula in the regulation will
read ``R-(OCH2CH2)n-OH,'' rather than the way it appears in the
CAA Amendments.
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\3\ Includes mineral fiber emissions from facilities
manufacturing or processing glass, rock, or slag fibers (or other
mineral derived fibers) of average diameter 1 micrometer or less.
\4\ Includes organic compounds with more than one benzene ring,
and which have a boiling point greater than or equal to 100 deg.C.
(42 U.S.C.A. 7412 (b)(1))
EPA believes that such clarification will assist persons in charge
of vessels and facilities in determining whether a release contains a
substance within these three CAA categories and, thus, a CERCLA
hazardous substance subject to liability, response, and abatement
provisions under CERCLA.
Some commenters asserted that, even with the inclusion of these
footnotes from the CAA Amendments of 1990, the definitions of the
glycol ethers, fine mineral fibers, and polycyclic organic matter
categories are overly broad. The Agency agrees that, although the
categories have been partially limited in definition and scope by the
footnotes noted above, the categories remain broad. The only action EPA
is taking in this rulemaking is to codify the listings of polycyclic
organic matter, glycol ethers, and fine mineral fibers on the
regulatory list of hazardous substances in Table 302.4 of 40 CFR 302.4.
Any further clarification of the definitions of these categories would
more appropriately be addressed under regulations implementing CAA
section 112.27
\27\ For detailed responses to specific comments on the scope of
these five CAA categories, see Section III.A of the responses to
comments document for this rulemaking, available for inspection at
the CERCLA Docket Office, Crystal Gateway #1, 12th Floor, 1235
Jefferson Davis Highway, Arlington, VA 22202.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Four commenters concluded that, because of the footnote limiting
the definition of the category fine mineral fibers, refractory ceramic
fibers (RCF) and other manmade vitreous fibers (MMVF) are not within
the scope of the category and, thus, are not CERCLA hazardous
substances. Provided RCF and other MMVF have an average diameter larger
than one micrometer, the Agency agrees that these substances would not
fall within the fine mineral fibers category under CERCLA and, thus,
would not be subject to release reporting and liability requirements.
Should RCF or other MMVF, however, have an average diameter of one
micrometer or less, these substances would be considered hazardous
substances and, therefore, would be subject to CERCLA requirements.
One of these four commenters requested that any CERCLA listing of
MMVF, including RCF, apply only to air emissions and should not include
releases to water or land. The commenter stated that EPA's CERCLA
listing for asbestos appears to provide a precedent for its recommended
approach. EPA disagrees with the commenter's recommendation because
CERCLA regulates releases of hazardous substances to all environmental
media. For example, the listing of asbestos as a CERCLA hazardous
substance encompasses all forms of this substance; it is only the
reporting requirement that is limited to releases of ``friable'' forms
of asbestos. Nevertheless, releases of ``friable'' asbestos to
environmental media other than air remain subject to CERCLA reporting
requirements and any releases of asbestos remain subject to the
liability scheme under CERCLA. Similarly, releases of fine mineral
fibers that are listed individually in Table 302.4 into any
environmental medium are subject to reporting and releases of any fine
mineral fibers that fall within the CAA fiber-size limitation (one
micrometer or less) to any environmental medium are subject to CERCLA's
liability scheme.
Owners and operators of underground storage tanks containing
substances that may fall within the five CAA broad generic categories
have requested guidance regarding the scope of these categories to
assist them in determining whether they are regulated under RCRA
Subtitle I. For an underground storage tank to fall under the
regulatory jurisdiction of RCRA Subtitle I, the tank must store a
``regulated substance.'' The term regulated substance is defined as
petroleum and CERCLA hazardous substances, as defined in CERCLA section
101(14) (excluding RCRA hazardous wastes) (see 40 CFR 280.12). To
assist in determining whether particular substances stored are members
of the CAA categories and, therefore, are CERCLA hazardous substances
subject to the RCRA Subtitle I underground storage tank regulations,
owners and operators may refer to the definitions of these categories
in section 112 of the CAA. Appropriate Agency offices will coordinate
to develop a process to further assist owners and operators in making
this determination.
3. Other Issues
Three commenters requested that EPA identify by Chemical Abstract
Service Registry Number (CASRN) the substances within the CAA broad
generic categories for which releases must be reported. EPA's choice of
Option 5 satisfies this request. Because EPA is assigning no RQ to
these five categories, only releases of substances individually listed
with an RQ and CASRN in Table 302.4 require CERCLA notification.
Therefore, in effect, EPA already has identified by CASRN in Table
302.4 the CERCLA hazardous substances for which releases must be
reported.
Another commenter suggested that, because categories may not be
identical in potential hazard, different reporting options may be
suitable for different categories. The Agency does not agree that
implementing differing approaches to reporting requirements for the
different broad generic categories is warranted. The main similarity
among the categories is that each contains hundreds or thousands of
substances with varying toxicities. Based on this similarity, and on a
variety of other factors considered by the Agency (see Section II.C.1
for a discussion of these factors), EPA decided that assigning a single
RQ to a particular category is inappropriate for all five categories.
Thus, for each of the five CAA categories, the Agency is assigning no
RQ.
A different commenter suggested that overreporting would result if
EPA were to assign an RQ for only a few specific compounds within a
category. EPA disagrees with this assertion. In an April 4, 1985 final
rule (50 FR 13456), and in several subsequent final rules, the Agency
assigned adjusted RQs to specific substances that are listed
individually in Table 302.4 and that also fall within the broad generic
categories listed under CWA section 307(a). Adjusted RQs for some of
these individually listed CWA substances have been in place for nearly
10 years. Based on the number of releases of these individually listed
CWA substances that have been reported to the National Response Center,
there is no indication that overreporting has resulted in the case of
the CWA broad generic categories. Similarly, EPA does not believe that
overreporting would occur [[Page 30935]] for the CAA broad generic
categories if the Agency, as a result of its evaluation of the CAA
categories, chooses to list specific substances within the categories
and assign RQs to these substances.
The same commenter asserted that, if EPA assigned an RQ to only one
compound within a CAA broad generic category, a facility could be out
of compliance if it chose not to report a release of that compound. In
fact, each of the five CAA broad generic categories in today's final
rule contains at least one substance that already is individually
listed as a CERCLA hazardous substance with an RQ in Table 302.4.
Examples of separately listed CERCLA hazardous substances that are
members of the categories include cobaltous bromide (cobalt compounds),
2-ethoxyethanol (glycol ethers), potassium permanganate (manganese
compounds), asbestos (fine mineral fibers), and benzo[a]pyrene
(polycyclic organic matter). Under CERCLA section 103, releases equal
to or greater than the RQs for these hazardous substances must be
reported to the National Response Center as soon as the person in
charge has knowledge of the release. Thus, EPA agrees with the
commenter's assessment that a facility would be out of compliance if it
failed to report a release of an RQ or more of an individually listed
substance within any of the CAA broad generic categories.
In addition, the same commenter noted that, if a facility has no
knowledge of the specific compounds released, then only the CAA broad
generic category reporting requirement (i.e., no RQ for the category)
would apply. This assertion, however, is inaccurate with respect to
releases of hazardous substances that are within one of the generic
listings and that also are individually listed in Table 302.4 with
corresponding RQs.
Under CERCLA section 103(a), notification must occur when the
person in charge of a facility has knowledge of a release of such a
hazardous substance in an amount that equals or exceeds an RQ. This
includes individually listed hazardous substances within the CAA broad
generic categories. The determination of whether the person in charge
has knowledge depends on the actions that a person in that position
could reasonably be expected to take under the circumstances. In
evaluating possible enforcement proceedings for failure to comply with
the CERCLA section 103 reporting requirement, the Agency's
determination whether the person in charge had knowledge will be made
on a case-by-case basis. EPA believes that the most prudent course of
action for the person in charge would be to identify the substance(s)
being released and to determine if the amount of the substance(s)
released equals or exceeds an RQ. The Agency believes that this
approach on the part of persons in charge would also help to avoid
overreporting.
A different commenter expressed confusion because EPA failed to
mention, in the October 22, 1993 NPRM, the commenter's 1992 petition to
designate and assign RQs to about 20 ethylene glycol ethers within the
larger CAA category of glycol ethers.28 When the proposed rule was
published, however, the Agency was still evaluating various options for
applying reporting requirements to the five CAA broad generic
categories, including ``glycol ethers.'' Only after receiving and
evaluating comments on the five options presented in the October 22,
1993 NPRM, did the Agency decide to select Option 5. EPA believes that
responding to the commenter's petition to adjust RQs of substances
within the glycol ethers category, prior to an Agency decision on the
appropriate reporting requirements for the category, would have been
premature and might have led to confusion within the regulated
community about what reporting requirements apply to the CAA category
of glycol ethers. Following promulgation of today's final rule,
however, EPA will begin to evaluate the data submitted by the commenter
to determine whether individual listing in Table 302.4 and RQ
adjustment of specific ethylene glycol ethers is warranted under the
selected Option 5.
\28\ Petition to Adjust the Reportable Quantity for Glycol
Ethers under CERCLA Section 102. July 8, 1992. From Gordon D.
Strickland, Chemical Manufacturers Association to Barbara Hostage,
Emergency Response Division, U.S. EPA.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Two commenters suggested that EPA could establish subcategories
within the CAA broad generic categories, and assign separate RQs to the
subcategories. For example, one commenter suggested that EPA assign a
low RQ to the subcategory of carcinogenic polynuclear aromatic
hydrocarbons (PAHs) within the larger CAA category of polycyclic
organic matter, and a higher RQ for non-carcinogenic PAHs. EPA
appreciates the commenters' suggestion and may consider using these
subcategories in any future determination of whether individual listing
in Table 302.4 and RQ adjustment of specific PAHs (or subcategories of
PAHs) is warranted.
One commenter claimed that only individual chemicals listed under
CAA section 112 are CERCLA hazardous substances, and that CAA category
members not otherwise listed under CERCLA need not be reported at the
one-pound level. The Agency disagrees with the commenter's assertion
that the one-pound statutory RQs did not require reporting of
substances (other than those listed separately in Table 302.4) within
the CAA categories prior to this final rule. CERCLA section 101(14)(E)
states that the term ``hazardous substance'' includes ``any hazardous
air pollutant listed under section 112 of the Clean Air Act.'' Thus,
the CAA categories automatically became hazardous substances by virtue
of their listing as hazardous air pollutants under CAA section 112.
CERCLA section 102(b) provides that an RQ of one pound applies to
hazardous substances (which include the CAA hazardous air pollutants)
until this RQ is adjusted by regulation. All substances within the
categories, as well as the categories themselves, are CERCLA hazardous
substances. Therefore, during the period beginning with the signing of
the CAA Amendments of 1990 and ending with the effective date of
today's final rule, the one-pound statutory RQs for the categories have
applied to all substances within the categories.
One commenter requested that the Agency consider a low-percentage
threshold for the CAA categories below which a component of a mixture
may be excluded from regulation. Unless permitted or exempted, the
release of an RQ or more of a hazardous substance must be reported,
regardless of the concentration of the substance released. Notification
of releases of hazardous substances that equal or exceed an RQ, even
those with relatively low concentrations, is mandated by CERCLA and EPA
believes that such reports are essential to allow government personnel
to decide whether a response action is necessary to protect public
health or welfare or the environment.29
\29\ For detailed responses to comments on other issues related
to the five CAA broad generic categories, see Section III.C of the
responses to comments document for this rulemaking, available for
inspection at the CERCLA Docket Office, Crystal Gateway #1, 12th
Floor, 1235 Jefferson Davis Highway, Arlington, VA 22202.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
D. Delisting Petition for Caprolactam
Two commenters requested that EPA respond to a delisting petition
for caprolactam submitted on July 19, 1993. One of the commenters
asserted that, ``upon the removal of caprolactam from the [CAA section
112] list of `hazardous air pollutants,' caprolactam will no longer be
a CERCLA `hazardous substance' under CERCLA Sec. 101(14) * * *''
This assertion, however, is not a complete characterization of the
CERCLA authority for listing [[Page 30936]] caprolactam as a hazardous
substance. As the commenter correctly notes, caprolactam is included in
the definition of ``hazardous substance'' because it has been listed as
a hazardous air pollutant under the CAA, and CERCLA section 101(14)(E)
incorporates by reference any hazardous air pollutant listed under
section 112 of the CAA. The commenter has failed to mention, however,
that under CERCLA section 101(14)(B), the term ``hazardous substance''
also includes ``* * * any element, compound, mixture, solution, or
substance designated pursuant to section 102 of [CERCLA] * * *.''
CERCLA section 102(a) authorizes EPA to designate as hazardous and
assign RQs to those substances which, when released into the
environment, may present substantial danger to the public health or
welfare or the environment.
Furthermore, the regulations governing designation of hazardous
substances (40 CFR 302.4(a)) provide that ``[t]he elements and
compounds and hazardous wastes appearing in Table 302.4 are designated
as hazardous substances under section 102(a) of [CERCLA].'' Thus, once
a hazardous substance listed under any of the statutes referred to in
CERCLA section 101(14) is added to the regulatory list at 40 CFR 302.4,
that substance automatically is also designated as a hazardous
substance under CERCLA section 102(a). As the commenter acknowledges,
caprolactam has been proposed to be added to the list at 40 CFR 302.4;
therefore, upon the effective date of this final rule, caprolactam is
also designated as a hazardous substance under CERCLA section 102(a),
not only under section 101(14)(E).
If the commenter is correct that its petition to delist caprolactam
under CAA section 112 will be granted,30 then EPA would evaluate
caprolactam to determine whether there is any independent basis for
retaining this substance as hazardous under section 102(a) of CERCLA
and 40 CFR 302.4(a). If EPA determines that there is no independent
basis for retaining caprolactam in Table 302.4, it may be possible to
delete caprolactam from the CERCLA list of hazardous substances
simultaneously with delisting under the CAA.
\30\ CAA section 112(b)(3)(C) requires delisting of a hazardous
air pollutant if EPA finds ``that there is adequate data on the
health and environmental effects [of the substance] to determine
that emissions, ambient concentrations, bioaccumulation or
deposition of the substance may not reasonably be anticipated to
cause any adverse effects to the human health or adverse
environmental effects.'' EPA has not yet issued a final
determination whether the petition to delist caprolactam meets the
CAA delisting criteria.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
In addition, the commenter cited a May 25, 1983 proposed rule (48
FR 23554), in which EPA suggested that changes to lists of substances
under statutes incorporated in the CERCLA definition of a hazardous
substance (CERCLA section 101(14)) would be reflected simultaneously on
the CERCLA list of hazardous substances in Table 302.4 at 40 CFR 302.4.
In the April 4, 1985 final rule (50 FR 13456), however, EPA modified
this previous policy by providing that all hazardous substances in
Table 302.4 are also designated under CERCLA section 102(a) (see 40 CFR
302.4(a)). Thus, even if substances are removed from lists under other
statutes referred to in CERCLA section 101(14), these substances may
remain in Table 302.4 by virtue of their designation under CERCLA
section 102(a). Because of the CERCLA section 102(a) designation
reflected in 40 CFR 302.4(a), the Agency does not believe that changes
to lists of substances under statutes listed in CERCLA section 101(14)
necessarily require simultaneous changes to Table 302.4.
III. Changes to List of Hazardous Substances and Their RQs
To show more clearly the two types of changes to the list of CERCLA
hazardous substances resulting from the addition of the CAA Amendments
hazardous air pollutants and the RCRA hazardous wastes, EPA proposed in
the October 22, 1993 NPRM, and is promulgating in today's final rule
two sets of revisions to Table 302.4 of 40 CFR 302.4. One set of
revisions contains the new listings for the CAA Amendments hazardous
air pollutants (including the revised cresols and xylenes entries) and
the RCRA hazardous wastes, including final RQs for these substances.
The other set of revisions adds a new statutory source code for certain
hazardous substances that were already on the CERCLA list (e.g.,
acetaldehyde and acetonitrile) to indicate that, as a result of their
listing as hazardous air pollutants in the CAA Amendments, an
additional statutory source for designation of these hazardous
substances is CAA section 112.
IV. Changes to 40 CFR Parts 355 and 117
Appendices A and B of 40 CFR part 355, which list extremely
hazardous substances (EHSs) and their threshold planning quantities
(TPQs) under EPCRA, also show the RQs for EHSs. Five of the new CAA
hazardous air pollutants whose RQs are adjusted today are also EHSs.
These substances are chloroacetic acid, hydroquinone, beta-
propiolactone, titanium tetrachloride, and o-cresol. This rule
promulgates 100-pound RQ adjustments for chloroacetic acid,
hydroquinone, and o-cresol, a 10-pound RQ adjustment for beta-
propiolactone, and a 1,000-pound RQ adjustment for titanium
tetrachloride. Therefore, to reflect fully the RQ adjustments for these
five substances, EPA today is revising Appendices A and B of 40 CFR
part 355 to include these new adjusted RQs.
EPA also is amending the RQs for ``cresol'' and ``xylene (mixed)''
in Table 117.3 of 40 CFR part 117 to be consistent with the CERCLA RQs.
Table 117.3, the list of CWA hazardous substances and their RQs,
currently contains listings for ``cresol'' and ``xylene (mixed),'' each
with an RQ of 1,000 pounds. ``Cresol'' and ``xylene (mixed)'' are
included in Table 117.3 because they were originally listed as
hazardous substances under CWA section 311(b)(4).
V. Regulatory Analyses
A. Executive Order 12866
Under Executive Order 12866 (58 FR 51735, October 4, 1993), the
Agency must determine whether the regulatory action is ``significant''
and, therefore, subject to review by the Office of Management and
Budget (OMB) and the requirements of the Executive Order. The Order
defines ``significant regulatory action'' as one that is likely to
result in a rule that may:
(1) Have an annual effect on the economy of $100 million or more,
or adversely affect in a material way the economy, a sector of the
economy, productivity, competition, jobs, the environment, public
health or safety, or State, local, or tribal governments or
communities;
(2) Create a serious inconsistency or otherwise interfere with an
action taken or planned by another agency;
(3) Materially alter the budgetary impact of entitlements, grants,
user fees, or loan programs or the rights and obligations of recipients
thereof; or
(4) Raise novel legal or policy issues arising out of legal
mandates, the President's priorities, or the principles set forth in
the Executive Order.
It has been determined that this final rule is not a ``significant
regulatory action'' under the terms of Executive Order 12866 and is
therefore not subject to OMB review. An economic analysis performed by
EPA \31\ shows that this [[Page 30937]] final rule will result in a net
cost savings of approximately $500,000 annually, and does not result in
any of the other effects that define a significant regulatory action.
In this final rule, RQs for 44 of the 47 individual hazardous air
pollutants and three of the 11 RCRA wastes are raised. In addition, as
noted in Section II.C.1 of this preamble, EPA is assigning no RQ level
to the five broad generic categories of hazardous air pollutants. The
RQs of the cresols and xylenes categories and the five hazardous wastes
with RQs based on the RQ for cresols are being lowered from previously
adjusted levels. The estimated net effect of these changes will be to
reduce by approximately 1,300 the number of reportable releases for
these hazardous substances each year (see the economic analysis
mentioned above). The estimated $500,000 net cost savings reflects only
those effects of the RQ adjustments that are readily quantifiable in
dollars and are associated with the release notification requirements
under section 103 of CERCLA and section 304 of EPCRA (including the
associated activities of recordkeeping, notification processing,
monitoring, and response).
\31\ See the Economic Impact Analysis of Reportable Quantity
Adjustments for CAA Hazardous Air Pollutants and RCRA Hazardous
Wastes, Volume VI, available for inspection at the CERCLA Docket
Office, Crystal Gateway #1, 12th Floor, 1235 Jefferson Davis
Highway, Arlington, VA 22202.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
B. Regulatory Flexibility Act
The Regulatory Flexibility Act of 1980 requires that a Regulatory
Flexibility Analysis be performed for all rules that are likely to have
a ``significant impact on a substantial number of small entities.'' If
this criterion is met, the Agency must conduct a Regulatory Flexibility
Analysis to examine ways its regulation could be modified to mitigate
these adverse impacts. A Regulatory Flexibility Analysis is not
necessary for this final rule, because the upper-bound total cost of
compliance to small firms is negligible.\32\ In fact, as noted in
Section V.A. of today's preamble, the Agency anticipates that raising
most of the statutory one-pound RQs for the hazardous air pollutants,
as well as assigning no RQ to the five CAA categories in this rule,
will result in a net cost savings. Therefore, EPA hereby certifies that
today's final rule is not likely to have a significant impact on a
substantial number of small entities. As a result, no Regulatory
Flexibility Analysis is necessary.
\32\ See the Regulatory Impact Analysis of Reportable Quantity
Adjustments Under Sections 102 and 103 of the Comprehensive
Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, Volume I,
March 1985, available for inspection at the CERCLA Docket Office,
Crystal Gateway #1, 12th Floor, 1235 Jefferson Davis Highway,
Arlington, VA 22202.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
C. Paperwork Reduction Act
The information collection requirements contained in this final
rule have been approved by OMB under the provisions of the Paperwork
Reduction Act, 44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq., and have been assigned OMB
control number 2050-0046. The public reporting burden for the
collection of information pursuant to CERCLA section 103 is estimated
to take, on average, 4.1 hours per response. This estimate includes the
determination whether a release requires a report to the National
Response Center, the time required to make the call, and the time
required to maintain a log of any calls made to government
organizations.
Because the RQs for almost all of the substances included in
today's final rule are being raised, the net reporting and
recordkeeping burden associated with reporting releases of these
substances under CERCLA section 103 is expected to decrease. As noted
in the economic impact analysis supporting today's final rule, EPA
estimates that the annual reporting and recordkeeping burdens
associated with reports to the National Response Center will be reduced
by more than 5,300 hours as a result of these RQ adjustments.
Send comments regarding the burden estimate or any other aspect of
this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this
burden, to Chief, Information Policy Branch, Mail Code 2136, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M Street, SW., Washington, DC
20460; and to the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, Office
of Management and Budget, Washington, DC 20503, marked ``Attention:
Desk Officer for EPA.''
D. Unfunded Mandates
Under section 202 of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995,
signed into law on March 22, 1995, EPA must prepare a statement to
accompany any rule in which the estimated costs to State, local, or
tribal governments in the aggregate, or to the private sector, will be
$100 million or more in any one year. Under section 205 of this Act,
EPA must select the most cost-effective and least-burdensome
alternative that achieves the objective of the rule and that is
consistent with statutory requirements. Section 203 of the Act requires
EPA to establish a plan for informing and advising any small
governments that may be significantly impacted by the rule.
EPA has determined that this final rule does not include a Federal
mandate that may result in estimated costs of $100 million or more to
either State, local, or tribal governments in the aggregate, or to the
private sector.
List of Subjects
40 CFR Part 117
Environmental protection, Hazardous substances, Penalties,
Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, Water pollution control.
40 CFR Part 302
Air pollution control, Chemicals, Emergency Planning and Community
Right-to-Know Act, Extremely hazardous substances, Hazardous chemicals,
Hazardous materials, Hazardous materials transportation, Hazardous
substances, Hazardous wastes, Intergovernmental relations, Natural
resources, Pesticides and pests, Reporting and recordkeeping
requirements, Superfund, Waste treatment and disposal, Water pollution
control, Water supply.
40 CFR Part 355
Air pollution control, Chemical accident prevention, Chemical
emergency preparedness, Chemicals, Community emergency response plan,
Community right-to-know, Contingency planning, Disaster assistance,
Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act, Extremely hazardous
substances, Hazardous substances, Intergovernmental relations, Natural
resources, Penalties, Reportable quantity, Reporting and recordkeeping
requirements, Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act, Threshold
planning quantity, Water pollution control, Water supply.
Dated: May 23, 1995.
Carol M. Browner,
Administrator.
For the reasons set out in the preamble, Chapter I of title 40 of
the Code of Federal Regulations is amended as follows:
PART 117--DETERMINATION OF REPORTABLE QUANTITIES FOR HAZARDOUS
SUBSTANCES
1. The authority citation for part 117 continues to read as
follows:
Authority: Secs. 311 and 501(a), Federal Water Pollution Control
Act (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.), (``the Act'') and Executive Order
11735, superseded by Executive Order 12777, 56 FR 54757.
2. Section 117.3 is amended by revising the entries in the
``category'' column and in the ``RQ in pounds (kilograms)'' column for
``cresol'' and ``xylene (mixed)'' in Table 117.3 from
[[Page 30938]] ``C'' to ``B'' and from ``1,000 (454)'' to ``100
(45.4),'' respectively, as set forth below:
Sec. 117.3 Determination of Reportable Quantities.
* * * * *
Table 117.3.--Reportable Quantities of Hazardous Substances Designated
Pursuant to Section 311 of the Clean Water Act
* * * * *
------------------------------------------------------------------------
RQ in
Material Category pounds
(kilograms)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
* * * * *
Cresol....................... B........................... 100 (45.4)
* * * * *
Xylene (mixed)............... B........................... 100 (45.4)
* * * * *
------------------------------------------------------------------------
* * * * *
PART 302--DESIGNATION, REPORTABLE QUANTITIES, AND NOTIFICATION
3. The authority citation for part 302 continues to read as
follows:
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 9602, 9603, 9604; 33 U.S.C. 1321 and 1361.
4. Section 302.4 is amended by adding the following new entries to
Table 302.4 and its Appendix A, and by adding footnotes ``a'' and ``b''
to Table 302.4 as set forth below:
Sec. 302.4 Designation of hazardous substances.
* * * * *
Table 302.4--List of Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities
[Note: All Comments/Notes Are Located at the End of This Table]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Statutory Final RQ
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hazardous substance CASRN Regulatory synonyms RCRA waste
RQ Code No. Category Pounds (Kg)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* * * * * * *
Acetamide...................... 60355 .............................. 1* 3 ............. B 100 (45.4)
* * * * * * *
4-Aminobiophenyl............... 92671 .............................. 1* 3 ............. X 1 (0.454)
* * * * * * *
o-Anisidine.................... 90040 .............................. 1* 3 ............. B 100 (45.4)
* * * * * * *
Benzene a...................... (*)
* * * * * * *
Benzene, dimethyl-............. 1330207 Xylene, Xylene (mixed), 1000 1,3,4 U239 B 100 (45.4)
Xylenes (isomers and mixture).
Benzene,m-dimethyl-............ 108383 m-Xylene...................... 1* 3 ............. C 1000 (454)
Benzene, o-dimethyl-........... 95476 o-Xylene...................... 1* 3 ............. C 1000 (454)
Benzene, p-dimethyl-........... 106423 p-Xylene...................... 1* 3 ............. B 100 (45.4)
* * * * * * *
Biphenyl....................... 92524 .............................. 1* 3 ............. B 100 (45.4)
* * * * * * *
1,3-Butadiene.................. 106990 .............................. 1* 3 ............. A 10 (4.54)
* * * * * * *
Calcium cyanamide.............. 156627 .............................. 1* 3 ............. C 1000 (454)
* * * * * * *
Caprolactam.................... 105602 .............................. 1* 3 ............. D 5000 (2270)
* * * * * * *
Carbonyl sulfide............... 463581 .............................. 1* 3 ............. B 100 (45.4)
Catechol....................... 120809 .............................. 1* 3 ............. B 100 (45.4)
* * * * * * *
Chloramben..................... 133904 .............................. 1* 3 ............. B 100 (45.4)
* * * * * * *
Chloroacetic acid.............. 79118 .............................. 1* 3 ............. B 100 (45.4)
2-Chloroacetophenone........... 532274 .............................. 1* 3 ............. B 100 (45.4)
* * * * * * *
Chloroprene.................... 126998 .............................. 1* 3 ............. B 100 (45.4)
[[Page 30939]]
* * * * * * *
Cobalt compounds............... N.A. .............................. 1* 3 ............. ............. (**)
* * * * * * *
Cresols (isomers and mixture).. 1319773 Cresylic acid (isomers and 1000 1,3,4 U052 B 100 (45.4)
mixture) Phenol, methyl.
m-Cresol....................... 108394 m-Cresylic acid............... 1* 3 ............. B 100 (45.4)
o-Cresol....................... 95487 o-Cresylic acid............... 1* 3 ............. B 100 (45.4)
p-Cresol....................... 106445 p-Cresylic acid............... 1* 3 ............. B 100 (45.4)
Cresylic acid (isomers and 1319773 Cresols (isomers and mixture) 1000 1,3,4 U052 B 100 (45.4)
mixture). Phenol, methyl.
m-Cresylic acid................ 108394 m-Cresol...................... 1* 3 ............. B 100 (45.4)
o-Cresylic acid................ 95487 o-Cresol...................... 1* 3 ............. B 100 (45.4)
p-Cresylic acid................ 106445 p-Cresol...................... 1* 3 ............. B 100 (45.4)
* * * * * * *
DDET b......................... 3547044 .............................. 1* 3 ............. D 5000 (2270)
* * * * * * *
Diazomethane................... 334883 .............................. 1* 3 ............. B 100 (45.4)
* * * * * * *
Dibenzofuran................... 132649 .............................. 1* 3 ............. B 100 (45.4)
* * * * * * *
Diethanolamine................. 111422 .............................. 1* 3 ............. B 100 (45.4)
* * * * * * *
N,N-Diethylaniline............. 91667 .............................. 1* 3 ............. C 1000 (454)
* * * * * * *
Diethyl sulfate................ 64675 .............................. 1* 3 ............. A 10 (4.54)
* * * * * * *
N,N-Dimethylaniline............ 121697 .............................. 1* 3 ............. B 100 (45.4)
* * * * * * *
Dimethylformamide.............. 68122 .............................. 1* 3 ............. B 100 (45.4)
* * * * * * *
1,2-Epoxybutane................ 106887 .............................. 1* 3 ............. B 100 (45.4)
* * * * * * *
Ethylene glycol................ 107211 .............................. 1* 3 ............. D 5000 (2270)
* * * * * * *
Fine mineral fibers c.......... N.A. .............................. 1* 3 ............. ............. (**)
* * * * * * *
Glycol ethers d................ N.A. .............................. 1* 3 ............. ............. (**)
* * * * * * *
Hexamethylene-1,6-diisocyanate. 822060 .............................. 1* 3 ............. B 100 (45.4)
Hexamethylphosphoramide........ 680319 .............................. 1* 3 ............. X 1 (0.454)
Hexane......................... 110543 .............................. 1* 3 ............. D 5000 (2270)
* * * * * * *
Hydroquinone................... 123319 .............................. 1* 3 ............. B 100 (45.4)
* * * * * * *
Manganese Compounds............ N.A. .............................. 1* 3 ............. ............. (**)
[[Page 30940]]
* * * * * * *
MDI............................ 101688 Methylene diphenyl 1* 3 ............. D 5000 (2270)
diisocyanate.
* * * * * * *
4,4'-Methylenedianiline........ 101779 .............................. 1* 3 ............. A 10 (4.54)
Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate 101688 MDI........................... 1* 3 ............. D 5000 (2270)
* * * * * * *
Methyl tert-butyl ether........ 1634044 .............................. 1* 3 ............. C 1000 (454)
* * * * * * *
4-Nitrobiphenyl................ 92933 .............................. 1* 3 ............. A 10 (4.54)
* * * * * * *
N-Nitrosomorpholine............ 59892 .............................. 1* 3 ............. X 1 (0.454)
* * * * * * *
Phenol, methyl-................ 1319773 Cresols (isomers and mixture) 1000 1,3,4 U052 B 100 (45.4)
Cresylic acid (isomers and
mixture).
* * * * * * *
p-Phenylenediamine............. 106503 .............................. 1* 3 ............. D 5000 (2270)
* * * * * * *
Polycyclic Organic Matter e.... N.A. .............................. 1* 3 ............. ............. (**)
* * * * * * *
beta-Propiolactone............. 57578 .............................. 1* 3 ............. A 10 (4.54)
* * * * * * *
Propionaldehyde................ 123386 .............................. 1* 3 ............. C 1000 (454)
* * * * * * *
Propoxur (Baygon).............. 114261 .............................. 1* 3 ............. B 100 (45.4)
* * * * * * *
Styrene oxide.................. 96093 .............................. 1* 3 ............. B 100 (45.4)
* * * * * * *
Titanium tetrachloride......... 7550450 .............................. 1* 3 ............. C 1000 (454)
* * * * * * *
Trifluralin.................... 1582098 .............................. 1* 3 ............. A 10 (4.54)
* * * * * * *
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane......... 540841 .............................. 1* 3 ............. C 1000 (454)
* * * * * * *
Unlisted Hazardous Wastes N.A. .............................. 1* 4 ............. ............. .................
Characteristics:.
Characteristics of Toxicity:
* * * * * * *
o-Cresol (D023)............ N.A. .............................. 1* 4 D023 B 100 (45.4)
m-Cresol (D024)............ N.A. .............................. 1* 4 D024 B 100 (45.4)
p-Cresol (D025)............ N.A. .............................. 1* 4 D025 B 100 (45.4)
Cresol (D026).............. N.A. .............................. 1* 4 D026 B 100 (45.4)
* * * * * * *
Vinyl bromide.................. 593602 .............................. 1* 3 ............. B 100 (45.4)
[[Page 30941]]
* * * * * * *
Xylene......................... 1330207 Benzene, dimethyl-Xylene 1000 1,3,4 U239 B 100 (45.4)
(mixed), Xylenes (isomers and
mixture).
m-Xylene....................... 108383 Benzene, m-dimethyl-.......... 1* 3 ............. C 1000 (454)
o-Xylene....................... 95476 Benzene, o-dimethyl-.......... 1* 3 ............. C 1000 (454)
p-Xylene....................... 106423 Benzene, p-dimethyl-.......... 1* 3 ............. B 100 (45.4)
Xylene (mixed)................. 1330207 Benzene, dimethyl-Xylene 1000 1,3,4 U239 B 100 (45.4)
Xylenes (isomers and mixture).
Xylenes (isomers and mixture).. 1330207 Benzene, dimethyl-Xylene 1000 1,3,4 U239 B 100 (45.4)
Xylene (mixed).
F004........................... ........... .............................. 1* 4 F004 B 100(45.4)
The following spent non-
halogenated solvents and the
still bottoms from the
recovery of these solvents:
(a) Cresols/Cresylic acid.. 1319773 .............................. 1000 1,3,4 U052 B 100(45.4)
(b) Nitrobenzene........... 98953 .............................. 1000 1,2,4 U169 C 1000(454)
* * * * * * *
F025........................... ........... .............................. 1* 4 F025 X 1(0.454)
Condensed light ends, spent
filters and filter aids, and
spent desiccant wastes from
the production of certain
chlorinated aliphatic
hydrocarbons, by free radical
catalyzed processes. These
chlorinated aliphatic
hydrocarbons are those having
carbon chain lengths ranging
from one to and including
five, with varying amounts and
positions of chlorine
substitution
* * * * * * *
F037........................... ........... .............................. 1* 4 F037 X 1(0.454)
[[Page 30942]]
Petroleum refinery primary oil/
water/solids separation
sludge--Any sludge generated
from the gravitational
separation of oil/water/solids
during the storage or
treatment of process
wastewaters from petroleum
refineries. Such sludges
include, but are not limited
to, those generated in: oil/
water/solids separators; tanks
and impoundments; ditches and
other conveyances; sumps; and
stormwater units receiving dry
weather flow. Sludge generated
in stormwater units that do
not receive dry weather flow,
sludges generated from non-
contact once-through cooling
waters segregated for
treatment from other process
or oily cooling waters,
sludges generated in
aggressive biological
treatment units as defined in
Sec. 261.31(b)(2) (including
sludges generated in one or
more additional units after
wastewaters have been treated
in aggressive biological
treatment units) and K051
wastes are not included in
this listing
F038........................... ........... .............................. 1* 4 F038 X 1(0.454)
[[Page 30943]]
Petroleum refinery secondary
(emulsified) oil/water/solids
separation sludge--Any sludge
and/or float generated from
the physical and/or chemical
separation of oil/watersolids
in process wastewaters and
oily cooling wastewaters from
petroleum refineries. Such
wastes include, but are not
limited to, all sludges and
floats generated in: induced
air flotation (IAF) units;
tanks and impoundments, and
all sludges generated in
DAFunits. Sludges generated in
stormwater units that do not
receive dry weather flow,
sludges generated from once-
through non-contact cooling
waters segregated for
treatment from other process
or oil cooling wastes, sludges
and floats generated in
aggressive biological
treatment units as defined in
Sec. 261.31(b)(2) (including
sludges and floats generated
in one or more additional
units after wastewaters have
been treated in aggressive
biological treatment units)
and F037, K048, and K051
wastes are not included in
this listing
* * * * * * *
K088........................... ........... .............................. 1* 4 K088 A 10 (4.54)
Spent potliners from primary
aluminum reduction
K090........................... ........... .............................. 1* 4 K090 A 10 (4.54)
Emission control dust or sludge
from ferrochromiumsilicon
production
K091........................... ........... .............................. 1* 4 K091 A 10 (4.54)
Emission control dust or sludge
from ferrochromium production
* * * * * * *
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indicates the staturory source as defined by 1, 2, 3, and 4 below.
* * * * * * *
1- Indicates that the statutory source for designation of this hazardous substance under CERCLA is CWA section 311(b)(4).
2- Indicates that the statutory source for designation of this hazardous substance under CERCLA is CWA section 307(a).
[[Page 30944]]
3- Indicates that the statutory source for designation of this hazardous substance under CERCLA is CAA section 112.
4- Indicates that the statutory source for designation of this hazardous substance under CERCLA is RCRA section 3001.
1* Indicates that 1-pound RQ is CERCLA is statutory RQ.
* * * * * * *
** Indicates that no RQ is being assigned to the generic or broad class.
a Benzene was already a CERCLA hazardous substance prior to the CAA Amendments of 1990 and received an adjusted 10-pound RQ based on potential
carcinogenicity in an August 14, 1989, final rule (54 FR 33418). The CAA Amendments specify that ``benzene (including benzene from gasoline)'' is a
hazardous air pollutant and , thus, a CERCLA hazardous substance.
bThe CAA Amendments of 1990 list DDE (3547-04-4) as a CAA hazardous air pollutant. The CAS number, 3547-04-4, is for the chemical, p,p'-
dichlorodiphenylethane. DDE or p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene, CAS number 72-55-9, is already listed in Table 302.4 with a final RQ of 1 pound.
The substance identified by the CAS number 3547-04-4 has been evaluated and listed as DDE to be consistent with the CAA seciton 112 listing, as
amended.
c Includes mineral fiber emissions from facilities manufacturing or processing glass, rock, or slag fibers (or other mineral derived fibers) of average
diameter 1 micrometer or less.
d Includes mono- and di- ethers of ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, and triethylene glycol R-(OCH2CH2)n-OR' where
n=1, 2, or 3
R=alkyl or aryl groups
R'=R, H, or groups which, when removed, yield glycol ethers with the structure: R-(OCH2CH2)nOH. Polymers are excluded from the glycol category.
e Includes organic compounds with more than one benzene ring, and which have a boiling point greater than or equal to 100 deg.C.
5. Section 302.4 is also amended by revising the following existing
entries in Table 302.4 to add note ``3'' to the statutory code column
and to add the following regulatory synonyms as set forth below. In
addition, Appendix A to Table 302.4 is amended by revising the
following entries as set forth below:
Sec. 302.4 Designation of hazardous substances.
* * * * *
Table 302.4--List of Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities
[Note: All Comments/Notes Are Located at the End of This Table]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Statutory Final RQ
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hazardous substance CASRN Regulatory synonyms RCRA waste
RQ Code No. Category Pounds (Kg)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Acetaldehyde................... 75070 Ethanal....................... 1000 1,3,4 U001 C 1000 (454)
* * * * * * *
Acetamide, N-9H-fluoren-2-yl-.. 53963 2-Acetylaminofluorene......... 1* 3,4 U005 X 1 (0.454)
* * * * * * *
Acetic acid (2,4- 94757 2,4-D Acid,................... 100 1,3,4 U240 B 100 (45.4)
dichlorophenoxy)-, salts & 2,4-D,salts and esters
esters.
* * * * * * *
Acetonitrile................... 75058 .............................. 1* 3,4 U003 D 5000 (2270)
Acetophenone................... 98862 Ethanone, 1-phenyl-........... 1* 3,4 U004 D 5000 (2270)
2-Acetylaminofluorene.......... 53963 Acetamide, N-9H-fluoren-2-yl-. 1* 3,4 U005 X 1 (0.454)
* * * * * * *
Acrolein....................... 107028 2-Propenal.................... 1 1,2,3,4 P003 X 1 (0.454)
Acrylamide..................... 79061 2-Propenamide................. 1* 3,4 U007 D 5000 (2270)
Acrylic acid................... 79107 2-Propenoic acid.............. 1* 3,4 U008 D 5000 (2270)
Acrylonitrile.................. 107131 2-Propenenitrile.............. 100 1,2,3,4 U009 B 100 (45.4)
* * * * * * *
Allyl chloride................. 107051 .............................. 1000 1,3 ............. C 1000 (454)
* * * * * * *
Aniline........................ 62533 Benzenamine................... 1000 1,3,4 U012 D 5000 (2270)
* * * * * * *
ANTIMONY AND COMPOUNDS......... N.A. Antimony Compounds............ 1* 2,3 ............. ............. **
Antimony Compounds............. N.A. ANTIMONY AND COMPOUNDS........ 1* 2,3 ............. ............. **
* * * * * * *
Aroclor 1016................... 12674112 Aroclors...................... 10 1,2,3 ............. X 1 (0.454)
PCBs
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS
[[Page 30945]]
Aroclor 1221................... 11104282 Aroclors...................... 10 1,2,3 ............. X 1 (0.454)
PCBs
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS
Aroclor 1232................... 11141165 .............................. 10 1,2,3 ............. X 1 (0.454)
PCBs
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS
Aroclor 1242................... 53469219 Aroclors...................... 10 1,2,3 ............. X 1 (0.454)
PCBs
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS
Aroclor 1248................... 12672296 Aroclors...................... 10 1,2,3 ............. X 1 (0.454)
PCBs
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS
Aroclor 1254................... 11097691 Aroclors...................... 10 1,2,3 ............. X 1 (0.454)
PCBs
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS
Aroclor 1260................... 11096825 Aroclors...................... 10 1,2,3 ............. X 1 (0.454)
PCBs
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS
Aroclors....................... 1336363 PCBs.......................... 10 1,2,3 ............. X 1 (0.454)
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS
Aroclor 1016............... 12674112 .............................. 10 1,2,3 ............. X 1 (0.454)
Aroclor 1221............... 11104282 .............................. 10 1,2,3 ............. X 1 (0.454)
Aroclor 1232............... 11141165 .............................. 10 1,2,3 ............. X 1 (0.454)
Aroclor 1242............... 53469219 .............................. 10 1,2,3 ............. X 1 (0.454)
Aroclor 1248............... 12672296 .............................. 10 1,2,3 ............. X 1 (0.454)
Aroclor 1254............... 11097691 .............................. 10 1,2,3 ............. X 1 (0.454)
Aroclor 1260............... 11096825 .............................. 10 1,2,3 ............. X 1 (0.454)
* * * * * * *
ARSENIC AND COMPOUNDS.......... N.A. Arsenic Compounds (inorganic 1* 2,3 ............. ............. **
including arsine).
Arsenic Compounds (inorganic N.A. ARSENIC AND COMPOUNDS......... 1* 2,3 ............. ............. **
including arsine).
* * * * * * *
Aziridine...................... 151564 Ethyleneimine................. 1* 3,4 P054 X 1 (0.454)
Aziridine, 2-methyl-........... 75558 2-Methyl aziridine 1,2- 1* 3,4 P067 X 1 (0.454)
Propylenemine.
* * * * * * *
Benzenamine.................... 62533 Aniline....................... 1000 1,3,4 U012 D 5000 (2270)
* * * * * * *
Benzenamine, N,N-dimethyl-4- 60117 Dimethyl aminoazobenzene...... 1* 3,4 U093 A 10 (4.54)
(phenylazo-).
Benzenamine, 2-methyl-......... 95534 o-Toluidine................... 1* 3,4 U328 B 100 (45.4)
* * * * * * *
Benzenamine, 4,4'- 101144 4,4'-Methylenebis(2- 1* 3,4 U158 A 10 (4.54)
methylenebis(2-chloro-. chloroaniline).
* * * * * * *
Benzeneacetic acid, 4-chloro- 510156 Chlorobenzilate............... 1* 3,4 U038 A 10 (4.54)
-(4-chlorophenyl)-
-hydroxy-, ethyl
ester.
* * * * * * *
Benzene, chloro-............... 108907 Chlorobenzene................. 100 1,2,3,4 U037 B 100 (45.4)
[[Page 30946]]
Benzene, chloromethyl-......... 100447 Benzyl chloride............... 100 1,3,4 P028 B 100 (45.4)
Benzenediamine, ar-methyl-..... 95807 Toluenediamine................ 1* 3,4 U221 A 10 (4.54)
496720 2,4-Toluene diamine........... ........... ............ ............. ............. .................
823405 .............................. ........... ............ ............. ............. .................
25376458 .............................. ........... ............ ............. ............. .................
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, 84742 n-Butyl phthalate............. 100 1,2,3,4 U069 A 10 (4.54)
dibutyl ester. Dibutyl phthalate
Di-n-butyl phthalate
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, 131113 Dimethyl phthalate............ 1* 2,3,4 U102 D 5000 (2270)
dimethyl ester.
* * * * * * *
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, 117817 Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate.... 1* 2,3,4 U028 B 100 (45.4)
bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester. DEHP
Diethylhexyl phthalate
* * * * * * *
Benzene, 1,4-dichloro-......... 106467 p-Dichlorobenzene............. 100 1,2,3,4 U072 B 100 (45.4)
1,4-Dichlorobenzene
* * * * * * *
Benzene, 1,3-diisocyanatomethyl- 91087 Toluene diisocyanate.......... 1* 3,4 U223 B 100 (45.4)
.
584849 2,4-Toluene diisocyanate...... ........... ............ ............. ............. .................
26471625 .............................. ........... ............ ............. ............. .................
* * * * * * *
Benzene, hexachloro-........... 118741 Hexachlorobenzene............. 1* 2,3,4 U127 A 10 (4.54)
* * * * * * *
Benzene, hydroxy-.............. 108952 Phenol........................ 1000 1,2,3,4 U188 C 1000 (454)
Benzene, methyl-............... 108883 Toluene....................... 1000 1,2,3,4 U220 C 1000 (454)
Benzene, 1-methyl-2,4-dinitro-. 121142 2,4-Dinitrotoluene............ 1000 1,2,3,4 U105 A 10 (4.54)
* * * * * * *
Benzene, (1-methylethyl)-...... 98828 Cumene........................ 1* 3,4 U055 D 5000 (2270)
Benzene, nitro-................ 98953 Nitrobenzene.................. 1000 1,2,3,4 U169 C 1000 (454)
* * * * * * *
Benzene, pentachloronitro-..... 82688 PCNB.......................... 1* 3,4 U185 B 100 (45.4)
Pentachloronitrobenzene
Quintobenzene
* * * * * * *
Benzene, 1,1'-(2,2,2- 72435 Methoxychlor.................. 1 1,3,4 U247 X 1 (0.454)
trichloroethylidene) bis[4-
methoxy-.
Benzene, (trichloromethyl)-.... 98077 Benzotrichloride.............. 1* 3,4 U023 A 10 (4.54)
* * * * * * *
Benzidine...................... 92875 [1,1'-Biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine.. 1* 2,3,4 U021 X 1 (0.454)
* * * * * * *
-Benzoquinone......... 106514 2,5-Cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione 1* 3,4 U197 A 10 (4.54)
Quinone.
* * * * * * *
Benzotrichloride............... 98077 Benzene, (trichloromethyl)-... 1* 3,4 U023 A 10 (4.54)
* * * * * * *
Benzyl chloride................ 100447 Benzene, chloromethyl-........ 100 1,3,4 P028 B 100 (45.4)
[[Page 30947]]
* * * * * * *
BERYLLIUM AND COMPOUNDS........ N.A. Beryllium Compounds........... 1* 2,3 ............. ............. (**)
Beryllium Compounds............ N.A. BERYLLIUM AND COMPOUNDS....... 1* 2,3 ............. ............. (**)
* * * * * * *
-BHC.................. 58899 Cyclohexane, 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexa 1 1,2,3,4 U129 X 1 (0.454)
chloro- (1, 2, 3,4,5,6)-.
* * * * * * *
2-Butanone..................... 78933 MEK........................... 1* 3,4 U159 D 5000 (2270)
-Butyl phthalate..... 84742 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, 100 1,2,3,4 U069 A 10 (4.54)
dibutyl ester.
Dibutyl phthalate
Di-n-butyl phthalate
* * * * * * *
CADMIUM AND COMPOUNDS.......... N.A. Cadmium Compounds............. 1* 2,3 ............. ............. (**)
Cadmium Compounds.............. N.A. CADMIUM AND COMPOUNDS......... 1* 2,3 ............. ............. (**)
* * * * * * *
Camphene, octachloro-.......... 8001352 Chlorinated camphene Toxaphene 1 1,2,3,4 P123 X 1 (0.454)
* * * * * * *
Captan......................... 133062 .............................. 10 1,3 ............. A 10 (4.54)
* * * * * * *
Carbamic acid, ethyl ester..... 51796 Ethyl carbamate Urethane...... 1* 3,4 U238 B 100 (45.4)
* * * * * * *
Carbamic chloride, dimethyl-... 79447 Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride.... 1* 3,4 U097 X 1 (0.454)
* * * * * * *
Carbaryl....................... 63252 .............................. 100 1,3 ............. B 100 (45.4)
* * * * * * *
Carbon disulfide............... 75150 .............................. 5000 1,3,4 P022 B 100 (45.4)
* * * * * * *
Carbonic dichloride............ 75445 Phosgene...................... 5000 1,3,4 P095 A 10 (4.54)
* * * * * * *
Carbon tetrachloride........... 56235 Methane, tetrachloro-......... 5000 1,2,3,4 U211 A 10 (4.54)
* * * * * * *
Chlordane...................... 57749 Chlordane, alpha & gamma 1 1,2,3,4 U036 X 1 (0.454)
isomers.
CHLORDANE (TECHNICAL MIXTURE
AND
METABOLITES)
4,7-Methano-1H-indene,
1,2,4,5,6,7,8,8-
octachloro-2,3,3a,4,7,7a-
hexahydro-.
[[Page 30948]]
* * * * * * *
Chlordane, alpha & gamma 57749 Chlordane..................... 1 1,2,3,4 U036 X 1 (0.454)
isomers. CHLORDANE (TECHNICAL MIXTURE
AND METABOLITES) l4,7-Methano-
1H-indene, 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,8-
octachloro-2,3,3a,4,7,7a-
hexahydro-.
CHLORDANE (TECHNICAL MIXTURE 57749 Chlordane, alpha & gamma 1 1,2,3,4 U036 X 1 (0.454)
AND METABOLITES). isomers.
Chlordane, alpha & gamma
isomers
4,7-Methano-1H-indene,
1,2,4,5,6,7,8,8-
octachloro-2,3,3a,4,7,7a-
hexahydro-
* * * * * * *
Chlorinated camphene........... 8001352 Camphene, octachloro-Toxaphene 1 1,2,3,4 P123 X 1 (0.454)
* * * * * * *
Chlorine....................... 7782505 .............................. 10 1,3 ............. A 10 (4.54)
* * * * * * *
Chlorobenzene.................. 108907 Benzene, chloro-.............. 100 1,2,3,4 U037 B 100 (45.4)
* * * * * * *
Chlorobenzilate................ 510156 Benzeneacetic acid, 4-chloro- 1* 3,4 U038 A 10 (4.54)
-(4-chlorophenyl)-
-hydroxy-, ethyl
ester.
* * * * * * *
1-Chloro-2,3-epoxypropane...... 106898 Epichlorohydrin Oxirane, 1000 1,3,4 U041 B 100 (45.4)
(chloromethyl)-.
Chloroethane................... 75003 Ethyl chloride................ 1* 2,3 ............. B 100 (45.4)
* * * * * * *
Chloroform..................... 67663 Methane, trichloro-........... 5000 1,2,3,4 U044 A 10 (4.54)
Chloromethane.................. 74873 Methane, chloro-Methyl 1* 2,3,4 U045 B 100 (45.4)
chloride.
Chloromethyl methyl ether...... 107302 Methane, chloromethoxy-....... 1* 3,4 U046 A 10 (4.54)
* * * * * * *
CHROMIUM AND COMPOUNDS......... N.A. Chromium Compounds............ 1* 2,3 ............. ............. (**)
Chromium Compounds............. N.A. CHROMIUM AND COMPOUNDS........ 1* 2,3 ............. ............. (**)
* * * * * * *
Cumene......................... 98828 Benzene, (1-methylethyl)-..... 1* 3,4 U055 D 5000 (2270)
* * * * * * *
Cyanide Compounds.............. N.A. CYANIDES...................... 1* 2,3 ............. ............. (**)
CYANIDES....................... N.A. Cyanide Compounds............. 1* 2,3 ............. ............. (**)
* * * * * * *
2,5-Cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione... 106514 p-Benzoquinone Quinone........ 1* 3,4 U197 A 10 (4.54)
[[Page 30949]]
* * * * * * *
Cyclohexane, 1,2,3,4,5,6- 58899 -BHC................. 1 1,2,3,4 U129 X 1 (0.454)
hexachloro-, (1,2,3,4,6)-. Lindane.......................
Lindane (all isomers).........
* * * * * * *
1,3-Cyclopentadiene, 77474 Hexachlorocyclopentadiene..... 1 1,2,3,4 U130 A 10 (4.54)
1,2,3,4,5,5-hexachloro-.
* * * * * * *
2,4-D Acid..................... 94757 Acetic acid, (2,4- 100 1,3,4 U240 B 100 (45.4)
dichlorophenoxy)-, salts &
esters.
2,4-D, salts and esters
* * * * * * *
2,4-D salts and esters......... 94757 Acetic acid, (2,4- 100 1,3,4 U240 B 100 (45.4)
dichlorophenoxy)-, salts &
esters.
2,4-D Acid
* * * * * * *
DDE............................ 72559 4,4'-DDE...................... 1* 2,3 ............. X 1 (0.454)
4,4'-DDE....................... 72559 DDE........................... 1* 2,3 ............. X 1 (0.454)
* * * * * * *
DEHP........................... 117817 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, 1* 2,3,4 U028 B 100 (45.4)
bis(2-ethyl-hexyl) ester.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
Diethylhexyl phthalate
* * * * * * *
1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane.... 96128 Propane, 1,2-dibromo-3-chloro- 1* 3,4 U066 X 1 (0.454)
Dibromoethane.................. 106934 Ethane, 1,2-dibromo-Ethylene 1000 1,3,4 U067 X 1 (0.454)
dibromide.
* * * * * * *
Dibutyl phthalate.............. 84742 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, 100 1,2,3,4 U069 A 10 (4.54)
dibutyl ester.
n-Butyl phthalate
Di-n-butyl phthalate
Di-n-butyl phthalate........... 84742 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, 100 1,2,3,4 U069 A 10 (4.54)
dibutyl ester.
n-Butyl phthalate
Dibutyl phthalate
* * * * * * *
1,4-Dichlorobenzene............ 106467 Benzene, 1,4-dichloro-........ 100 1,2,3,4 U072 B 100 (45.4)
p-Dichlorobenzene
* * * * * * *
p-Dichlorobenzene.............. 106467 Benzene, 1,4-dichloro-........ 100 1,2,3,4 U072 B 100 (45.4)
1,4-Dichlorobenzene
* * * * * * *
3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine......... 91941 [1,1'-Biphenyl]-4,4'- 1* 2,3,4 U073 X 1 (0.454)
diamine,3,3'-dichloro-.
* * * * * * *
1,1-Dichloroethane............. 75343 Ethane, 1,1-dichloro-......... 1* 2,3,4 U076 C 1000 (454)
Ethylidene dichloride
1,2-Dichloroethane............. 107062 Ethane, 1,2-dichloro-......... 5000 1,2,3,4 U077 B 100 (45.4)
Ethylene dichloride
[[Page 30950]]
1,1-Dichloroethylene........... 75354 Ethene, 1,1-dichloro-......... 5000 1,2,3,4 U078 B 100 (45.4)
Vinylidene chloride
Dichloroethyl ether............ 111444 Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether...... 1* 2,3,4 U025 A 10 (4.54)
Ethane, 1,1'-oxybis[2-chloro-
* * * * * * *
Dichloromethyl ether........... 542881 Bis(chloromethyl) ether....... 1 3,4 P016 A 10 (4.54)
Methane, oxybis(chloro-
* * * * * * *
Dichloromethane................ 75092 Methane, dichoro-............. 1 2,3,4 U080 C 1000 (454)
Methylene chloride
* * * * * * *
1,2-Dichloropropane............ 78875 Propane, 1,2-dichloro-........ 5000 1,2,3,4, U083 C 1000 (454)
Propylene dichloride
* * * * * * *
1,3-Dichloropropane............ 542756 1-Propene, 1,3-dichloro-...... 5000 1,2,3,4 U084 B 100 (45.4)
* * * * * * *
Dichlorvos..................... 62737 ............................ 10 1,3 A 10 (4.54)
* * * * * * *
1,4-Diethyleneoxide............ 123911 1,4-Dioxane................... 1 3,4 U108 B 100 (45.4)
1,4-Diethylenedioxide
* * * * * * *
1,4-Diethylenedioxide.......... 123911 1,4-Dioxane................... 1 3,4 U108 B 100 (45.4)
1,4-Diethyleneoxide
* * * * * * *
Diethylhexyl phthalate......... 117817 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, 1 2,3,4 U028 B 100 (45.4)
bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
DEHP
* * * * * * *
3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine........ 119904 [1,1'-Biphenyl]-4,4'- 1 3,4 U091 B 100 (45.4)
diamine,3,3'-dimethoxy-.
* * * * * * *
Dimethyl aminoazobenzene....... 60117 Benzenamine, N,N-dimethyl-4- 1 3,4 U093 A 10 (4.54)
(phenylazo-).
P-Dimethylaminoazobenzene
* * * * * * *
p-Dimethylaminoazobenzene...... 60117 Benzenamine, N,N-dimethyl-4- 1 3,4 U093 A 10 (4.54)
(phenylazo-).
Dimethyl aminoazobenzene
* * * * * * *
3,3'-Dimethylbenzidine......... 119937 [1,1'-Biphenyl]-4,4'- 1 3,4 U095 A 10 (4.54)
diamine,3,3'-dimethyl-.
* * * * * * *
Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride..... 79447 Carbamic chloride, dimethyl-.. 1 3,4 U097 X 1 (0.454)
[[Page 30951]]
* * * * * * *
1,1-Dimethylhydrazine.......... 57147 Hydrazine, 1,1-dimethyl-...... 1 3,4 U098 A 10 (4.54)
* * * * * * *
Dimethyl phthalate............. 131113 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, 1 2,3,4 U102 D 5000 (2270)
dimethyl ester.
* * * * * * *
Dimethyl sulfate............... 77781 Sulfuric acid, dimethyl ester. 1 3,4 U103 B 100 (45.4)
* * * * * * *
4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol, and salts 534521 Phenol, 2-methyl-4,6-dinitro-, 1 2,3,4 P047 A 10 (4.54)
& salts.
* * * * * * *
2,4-Dinitrophenol.............. 51285 Phenol, 2,4-dinitro-.......... 1000 1,2,3,4, P048 A 10 (4.54)
* * * * * * *
2,4-Dinitrotoluene............. 121142 Benzene, 1-methyl-2,4-dinitro- 1000 1,2,3,4 U105 A 10 (4.54)
* * * * * * *
1,4-Dioxane.................... 123911 1,4-Diethyleneoxide........... 1 3,4 U108 B 100 (45.4)
1,4-Diethlyenedioxide
1,2-Diphenyl-.................. 122667 Hydrazine, 1,2-diphenyl-...... 1* 2,3,4 U109 A 10(4.54)
hydrazine
* * * * * *
Epichlorohydrin................ 106898 1-Chloro-2,3-epoxypropane..... 1000 1,3,4 U041 B 100(45.4)
Oxirane, (chloromethyl)-
* * * * * *
Ethanal........................ 75070 Acetaldehyde.................. 1000 1,3,4 U001 C 1000(454)
* * * * * *
Ethane, 1,2-dibromo............ 106934 Dibromoethane................. 1000 1,3,4 U067 X 1(0.454)
Ethylene dibromide
Ethane, 1,1-dichloro........... 75343 1,1-Dichloroethane............ 1* 2,3,4 U076 C 1000(454)
Ethylidene dichloride
Ethane, 1,2-dichloro........... 107062 1,2-Dichloroethane............ 5000 1,2,3,4 U077 B 100(45.4)
Ethylene dichloride
* * * * * *
Ethane, hexachloro-............ 67721 Hexachloroethane.............. 1* 2,3,4 U131 B 100(45.4)
* * * * * *
Ethane, 1,1'-oxybis[2-chloro-.. 111444 Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether...... 1* 2,3,4 U025 A 10(4.54)
Dichloroethyl ether
* * * * * *
Ethane, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloro-... 79345 1,1,2,2-Tetra-................ 1* 2,3,4 U209 B 100(45.4)
chloroethane
* * * * * *
Ethane, 1,1,1-trichloro-....... 71556 Methyl chloroform............. 1* 2,3,4 U226 C 1000(454)
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Ehane, 1,1,2-trichloro-........ 79005 1,1,2-Trichloroethane......... 1* 2,3,4 U227 B 100(45.4)
* * * * * *
Ethanone, 1-phenyl-............ 98862 Acetophenone.................. 1* 3,4 U004 D 5000(2270)
[[Page 30952]]
* * * * * *
Ethene, 1,1-dichloro-.......... 75354 1,1-Dichloroethylene.......... 5000 1,2,3,4 U078 B 100(45.4)
Vinylidene chloride
* * * * * *
Ethene, tetrachloro-........... 127184 Perchloroethylene............. 1* 2,3,4 U210 B 100(45.4)
Tetrachloroethene
Tetrachloroethylene
Ethene, trichloro-............. 79016 Trichloroethene............... 1000 1,2,3,4 U228 B 100(45.4)
Trichloroethylene
Ethyl acrylate................. 140885 2-Propenoic acid, ethyl ester. 1* 3,4 U113 C 1000(454)
Ethylbenzene................... 100414 .............................. 1000 1,2,3 ............. C 1000(454)
Ethyl carbamate................ 51796 Carbamic acid, ethyl ester.... 1* 3,4 U238 B 100(45.4)
Urethane
Ethyl chloride................. 75003 Chloroethane.................. 1* 2,3 ............. B 100(45.4)
* * * * * *
Ethylene dibromide............. 106934 Dibromoethane................. 1000 1,3,4 U067 X 1(0.454)
Ethane, 1,2-dibromo-
Ethylene dichloride............ 107062 1,2-Dichloroethane............ 5000 1,2,3,4 U077 B 100(45.4)
Ethane, 1,2-dichloro-
* * * * * *
Ethyleneimine.................. 151564 Aziridine..................... 1* 3,4 P054 X 1(0.454)
Ethylene oxide................. 75218 Oxirane....................... 1* 3,4 U115 A 10(4.54)
Ethylenethiourea............... 96457 2-Imidazolidinethione......... 1* 3,4 U116 A 10(4.54)
* * * * * * *
Ethylidene dichloride.......... 75343 1,1-Dichloroethane............ * 2,3,4 U076 C 1000 (454)
Ethane, 1,1-dichloro-
* * * * * * *
Formaldehyde................... 50000 .............................. 1000 1,3,4 U122 B 100 (45.4)
* * * * * * *
2,5-Furandione................. 108316 Malleic anhydride............. 5000 1,3,4 U147 D 5000 (2270)
* * * * * * *
Heptachlor..................... 76448 4,7-Methano-1H-indene, 1 1,2,3,4 P059 X 1, (0.454)
1,4,5,6,7,8,8-.
heptachloro-3a,4,7,7a-
tetrahydro-
* * * * * * *
Hexachlorobenzene.............. 118741 Benzene, hexachloro-.......... 1* 2,3,4 U127 A 10 (4.54)
Hexachlorobutadiene............ 87683 1,3-Butadiene 1,1,2,3,4,4- 1* 2,3,4 U128 X 1 (0.454)
hexachloro-.
* * * * * * *
Hexachlorocyclohexane (gamma 58899 -BHC................. 1 1,2,3,4 U129 X 1 (0.454)
isomer). Chclohexane, 1,2,3,4,5,6-
hexachloro-
(1,2,3, 5,6)-
Lindane
Lindane (all isomers)
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene...... 77474 1,3-Cyclopentadiene, 1 1,2,3,4 U130 A 10 (4.54)
1,2,3,4,5,5-hexachloro-.
Hexachloroethane............... 67721 Ethane, hexachloro-........... 1* 2,3,4 U131 B 100 (45.4)
* * * * * * *
Hexone......................... 108101 Methyl isobutyl ketone........ 1* 3,4 U161 D 5000 (2270)
4-Methyl-2-pentanone
Hydrazine...................... 302012 .............................. 1* 3,4 U133 X 1 (0.454)
[[Page 30953]]
* * * * * * *
Hydrazine, 1,1-dimethyl-....... 57147 1,1-Dimethylhydra-............ 1* 3,4 U098 A 10 (4.54)
zine
* * * * * * *
Hydrazine, 1,2-diphenyl-....... 122667 1,2-Diphenylhydra-............ 1* 2,3,4 U109 A 10 (4.54)
zine
* * * * * * *
Hydrazine, methyl-............. 60344 Methyl hydrazine.............. 1* 3,4 P068 A 10 (4.54)
* * * * * * *
Hydrochloric acid.............. 7647010 Hydrogen chloride............. 5000 1,3 ............. D 5000 (2270)
* * * * * * *
Hydrofluoric acid.............. 7664393 Hydrogen fluoride............. 5000 1,3,4 U134 B 100 (45.4)
* * * * * * *
Hydrogen chloride.............. 7647010 Hydrochloric acid............. 5000 1,3 ............. D 5000 (2270)
* * * * * * *
Hydrogen fluoride.............. 7664393 Hydrofluoric acid............. 5000 1,3,4 U134 B 100 (45.4)
Hydrogen phosphide............. 7803512 Phosphine..................... 1* 3,4 P096 B 100 (45.4)
* * * * * * *
2-Imidazolidinethione.......... 96457 Ethylenethiourea.............. 1* 3,4 U116 A 10 (4.54)
* * * * * * *
Iodomethane.................... 74884 Methane, iodo-................ 1* 3,4 U138 B 100 (45.4)
Methyl iodide
1,3-Isobenzofurandione......... 85449 Phthalic anhydride............ 1* 3,4 U190 D 5000 (2270)
* * * * * * *
Isophorone..................... 78591 .............................. 1* 2,3 ............. D 5000 (2270)
* * * * * * *
LEAD AND COMPOUNDS............. N.A. Lead Compounds................ 1* 2,3 ............. ............. (*)
Lead Compounds................. N.A. LEAD AND COMPOUNDS............ 1* 2,3 ............. ............. (**)
* * * * * * *
Lindane........................ 58899 -BHC................. 1 1,2,3,4 U129 X 1 (0.454)
Cyclohexane, 1,2,3,4,5,6-
hexachloro-,
(1,2,
3,4,5)-,
Hexachlorocyclo-
hexane (gamma isomer)
Lindane (all isomers)
Lindane (all isomers).......... 58899 -BHC................. 1 1,2,3,4 U129 X 1 (0.454)
Cyclohexane, 1,2,3,4,5,6-
hexachloro-,
(1,2,3,5,6 Indicates the statutory source as defined by 1,2,3, and 4 below.
* * * * * * *
1- Indicates that the statutory source for designation of this hazardous substance under CERCLA is CWA section 311(b)(4).
2- Indicates that the statutory source for designation of this hazardous substance under CERCLA is CWA section 307(a).
3- Indicates that the statutory source for designation of this hazardous substance under CERCLA is CAA section 112.
4- Indicates that the statutory source for designation of this hazardous substance under CERCLA is RCRA section 3001.
\1\ Indicates that the 1-pound RQ is a CERCLA statutory RQ.
* * * * * * *
**Indicates that no RQ is being assigned to the generic or broad class.
Appendix A to Sec. 302.4.--Sequential CAS Registry Number List of
CERCLA Hazardous Substances
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CASRN Hazardous substance
------------------------------------------------------------------------
* * * *
51796...... Carbamic acid, ethyl ester Ethyl carbamate Urethane.
* * * *
* * *
57749...... Chlordane Chlordane, alpha & gamma isomers CHLORDANE
(TECHNICAL MIXTURE AND METABOLITES) 4,7-Methano-1H-indene,
1,2,4,5,6,7,8,8- octachloro-2,3,3a,4,7,7a-hexahydro-.
* * * *
* * *
58899...... -BHC Cyclohexane, 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachloro (1,2,3,4,5,6)-
Hexachlorocyclohexane (gamma isomer) Lindane Lindane (all
isomers).
* * * *
* * *
60117...... Benzenamine, N,N-dimethyl-4-(phenylazo-) Dimethyl
aminoazobenzene p-Dimethylaminoazobenzene.
* * * *
* * *
72559...... DDE 4,4'-DDE.
* * * *
* * *
74839...... Bromomethane Methane, bromo- Methyl bromide.
* * * *
* * *
74873...... Chloromethane Methane, chloro- Methyl chloride.
* * * *
* * *
74884...... Iodomethane Methane, iodo- Methyl iodide.
* * * *
* * *
75003...... Chloroethane Ethyl chloride.
* * * *
* * *
75092...... Dichloromethane Methane, dichloro- Methylene chloride.
* * * *
* * *
75252...... Bromoform Methane, tribromo-.
* * * *
* * *
75558...... Aziridine, 2-methyl- 2-Methyl aziridine 1,2-Propylenimine.
* * * *
* * *
78933...... 2-Butanone MEK Methyl ethyl ketone.
* * * *
* * *
82688...... Benzene, pentachloronitro- PCNB Pentachloronitrobenzene
Quintobenzene.
[[Page 30960]]
* * * *
* * *
91087...... Benzene, 1,3-diisocyanatomethyl- Toluene diisocyanate 2,4-
Toluene diisocyanate.
* * * *
* * *
92875...... Benzidine [1,1'-Biphenyl]-4,4'diamine.
* * * *
* * *
94757...... Acetic acid (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-, salts & esters 2,4-D
Acid 2,4-D, salts and esters.
* * * *
* * *
95807...... Benzenediamine, ar-methyl- Toluenediamine 2,4-Toluene
diamine.
* * * *
* * *
98828...... Benzene, (1-methylethyl)- Cumene.
* * * *
* * *
106514..... p-Benzoquinone 2,5-Cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione Quinone.
* * * *
* * *
106898..... 1-Chloro-2,3-epoxypropane Epichlorohydrin Oxirane,
(chloromethyl)-.
* * * *
* * *
106934..... Dibromoethane Ethane, 1,2-dibromo- Ethylene, dibromide.
* * * *
* * *
117817..... 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester Bis(2-
ethylhexyl)phthalate DEHP Diethylhexyl phthalate.
* * * *
* * *
123911..... 1,4-Diethyleneoxide 1,4-Diethylenedioxide 1,4-Dioxane.
* * * *
* * *
131113..... Dimethyl phthalate 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, dimethyl
ester.
* * * *
* * *
151564..... Aziridine Ethyleneimine.
* * * *
* * *
496720..... Benzenediamine, ar-methyl- Toluenediamine 2,4-Toluene
diamine.
* * * *
* * *
510156..... Benzeneacetic acid, 4-chloro-- (4-chlorophenyl)-
-hydroxy-, ethyl ester Chlorobenzilate.
* * * *
* * *
534521..... 4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol, and salts Phenol, 2-methyl-4,6-
dinitro-, & salts.
* * * *
* * *
542881..... Bis(chloromethyl)ether Dichloromethyl ether Methane,
oxybis(chloro)-.
* * * *
* * *
584849..... Benzene, 1,3-diisocyanatomethyl- Toluene diisocyanate 2,4-
Toluene diisocyanate.
* * * *
* * *
823405..... Benzenediamine, ar-methyl- Toluenediamine 2,4-Toluene
diamine.
* * * *
* * *
1336363.... Aroclors PCBs POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS.
* * * *
* * *
1746016.... TCDD 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin.
* * * *
* * *
7803512.... Hydrogen phosphide Phosphine.
* * * *
* * *
8001352.... Camphene, octachloro- Chlorinated camphene Toxaphene.
* * * *
* * *
11096825... Aroclor 1260 Aroclors PCBs POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS.
* * * *
* * *
11097691... Aroclor 1254 Aroclors PCBs POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS.
[[Page 30961]]
* * * *
* * *
11104282... Aroclor 1221 Aroclors PCBs POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS.
* * * *
* * *
11141165... Aroclor 1232 Aroclors PCBs POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS.
* * * *
* * *
12672296... Aroclor 1248 Aroclors PCBs POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS.
* * * *
* * *
12674112... Aroclor 1016 Aroclors PCBs POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS.
* * * *
* * *
25376458... Benzenediamine, ar-methyl- Toluenediamine 2,4-Toluene
diamine.
* * * *
* * *
26471625... Benzene, 1,3-diisocyanatomethyl- Toluene diisocyanate 2,4-
Toluene diisocyanate.
* * * *
* * *
53469219... Aroclor 1242 Aroclors PCBs POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS.
* * * *
* * *
------------------------------------------------------------------------
PART 355--EMERGENCY PLANNING AND NOTIFICATION
6. The authority citation for part 355 continues to read as
follows:
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 11002, 11004, and 11048.
7. Part 355 is amended by revising the following entries in
Appendices A and B, to read as set forth below:
* * * * *
Appendix A To Part 355.--The List of Extremely Hazardous Substances and Their Threshold Planning Quantities
[Alphabetical order]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Threshold
Reportable planning
CAS No. Chemical name Notes quantity* quantity
(pounds) (pounds)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* * * * * *
79-11-8.... Chloroacetic Acid........................................ ........... 100 100/10,000
* * * * * *
*
95-48-7.... Cresol, o-............................................... ........... 100 1,000/10,000
* * * * * *
*
123-31-9... Hydroquinone............................................. l 100 500/10,000
* * * * * *
*
57-57-8.... Propiolactone, Beta-..................................... ........... 10 500
* * * * * *
*
7550-45-0.. Titanium Tetrachloride................................... ........... 1,000 100
* * * * * *
*
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Only the statutory or final RQ is shown. For more information, see 40 CFR table 302.4.
Notes:
* * * * * *
*
Chemicals on the original list that do not meet toxicity criteria but because of their high production volume
and recognized toxicity are considered chemicals of concern (``Other chemicals'').
* * * * * *
*
[[Page 30962]]
Appendix B To Part 355.--The List of Extremely Hazardous Substances and Their Threshold Planning Quantities
[CAS number order]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Threshold
Reportable planning
CAS No. Chemical name Notes quantity* quantity
(pounds) (pounds)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* * * * * *
57-57-8.... Propiolactone, Beta-..................................... ........... 10 500
* * * * * *
*
79-11-8.... Chloroacetic Acid........................................ ........... 100 100/10,000
* * * * * *
*
95-48-7.... Cresol, o-............................................... ........... 100 1,000/10,000
* * * * * *
*
123-31-9... Hydroquinone............................................. l 100 500/10,000
* * * * * *
*
7550-45-0.. Titanium Tetrachloride................................... ........... 1,000 100
* * * * * *
*
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Only the statutory or final RQ is shown. For more information, see 40 CFR table 302.4.
Notes:
* * * * * *
*
Chemicals on the original list that do not meet toxicity criteria but because of their high production volume
and recognized toxicity are considered chemicals of concern (``Other chemicals'').
* * * * * *
*
[FR Doc. 95-13787 Filed 6-9-95; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P
