[Federal Register Volume 60, Number 170 (Friday, September 1, 1995)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 45650-45658]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 95-21571]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT
5 CFR Parts 353, 870, and 890
RIN 3206-AG02
Restoration to Duty From Uniformed Service or Compensable Injury
AGENCY: Office of Personnel Management.
ACTION: Interim regulations with request for written comments.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY: The Office of Personnel Management (OPM) is issuing interim
regulations on the restoration rights of Federal employees who leave
their employment to perform duty with the uniformed services. These
regulations implement the Uniformed Services Employment and
Reemployment Rights Act of 1994 (USERRA), Public Law 103-353, which was
enacted into law on October 13, 1994. The new law revises and
restructures the Veteran's Reemployment Rights law (codified in chapter
43 of title 38, United States Code), which governs the restoration
rights of employees who perform military duty. USERRA clarifies,
expands, and strengthens the rights and benefits of applicants and
employees, alters the appeal procedures available to Federal employees,
and, for the first time, provides Federal employees Department of Labor
assistance in processing claims. USERRA also requires OPM to place
certain returning employees when their former agencies determine that
it is ``impossible or unreasonable'' to reemploy them.
Although the sections have been renumbered, and in some cases
renamed, there is no substantive change in the regulations governing
the restoration rights of employees who sustain compensable injuries.
However, in Sec. 353.301(a), the word ``may'' has been changed to
``must'' to make clear that an agency must place an employee who fully
recovers from a compensable injury within 1 year, even if it means
placing the person in a different location. Also, Sec. 353.301(d) makes
clear that partially recovered employees are entitled to restoration
rights only in the local commuting area, not agencywide. (This
provision was inadvertently omitted from the final regulations
published in the Federal Register on January 13, 1995, that
incorporated into the regulations various staffing provisions
previously found only in the Federal Personnel Manual.)
These interim regulations also implement provisions that expand on
the coverage of the affected employees under the Federal Employees'
Group Life Insurance (FEGLI) Program and the Federal Employees Health
Benefits (FEHB) Program. Both the FEGLI and the FEHB regulations are
amended to show that employees who separate to perform military service
under the provisions of this Act are considered to be employees in
nonpay status. The FEHB regulations are further amended to show that
FEHB coverage may continue for up to 18 months after the employee
enters military service.
DATES: Effective: September 1, 1995. Comments must be received on or
before November 30, 1995.
ADDRESS: Send or deliver comments to: Leonard R. Klein, Associate
Director for Employment, U.S. Office of Personnel Management, 1900 E
Street, NW., Washington, DC 20415.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: For part 353: Raleigh M. Neville,
(202) 606-
[[Page 45651]]
0830. For parts 870 and 890: Margaret Sears (202) 606-0004.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The job rights of employees who leave their
employment to perform military duty have been protected under the
Veterans' Reemployment Rights Act (chapter 43 of title 38, United
States Code) since 1940. However, this law had become a confusing
patchwork of statutory amendments, which, over the years, had been
interpreted by over one thousand different (and sometimes conflicting)
court decisions. It became increasingly difficult for employers and
employees to understand their respective rights and responsibilities.
Thus, on October 13, 1994, President Clinton signed into law the
new Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act of 1994
(USERRA), Pub. L. 103-353. The new law completely rewrites the existing
provisions of title 38, United States Code, governing the rights of
employees who perform military duty and makes many substantive changes
that will affect employees, agencies, and OPM.
Among the important changes made by the new law are the following:
--Coverage is broader. USERRA covers persons who perform duty in
the ``uniformed services.'' (Under the old law, coverage was limited to
the ``armed forces.'') It also covers all employees except those
serving in positions where there is ``no reasonable expectation that
employment will continue indefinitely or for a reasonable period.''
(The old law specifically excluded temporary service.) The interim
regulations provide that all employees are covered. However, an
employee on a time-limited appointment who enters uniformed service
serves out any remaining unexpired portion of the appointment upon his
or her return.
--Intelligence agencies are treated differently under the law.
Although employees in these agencies (CIA, FBI, NSA, etc.) have
substantially the same rights as other Federal employees under the law,
they are not subject to OPM's regulations and do not have the same
appeal rights as other employees.
--There is a 5-year cumulative total on uniformed service. For the
first time, the law makes clear that it is intended to protect
``noncareer'' service and establishes a 5-year cumulative total on
uniformed service. (Under the interpretations applied to the old law, a
Federal employee could be absent on military duty for up to 4 years at
a time and there was no cumulative limit.) However, there are important
exceptions to the 5-year limit. These include initial enlistments
lasting more than 5 years, periodic training duty, and involuntary
active duty extensions and recalls. The new law expressly provides that
an employee's job protections do not depend on the timing, frequency,
or duration of uniformed service.
--Enhanced protections for disabled veterans. Agencies must make
reasonable efforts to accommodate the disability. Servicemembers
convalescing from injuries received during service now have up to 2
years to return to their jobs (as opposed to 1 year under the old law).
--New skills training required for some veterans. As under the old
law, USERRA provides that returning servicemembers be reemployed in the
job they would have attained had they not been absent for military
service (the longstanding ``escalator'' principle). However, the new
law also requires that reasonable efforts be made (such as training or
retraining) that would enable returning servicemembers to refresh or
upgrade their skills so that they might qualify for reemployment.
--The position to which the person has restoration rights is now
determined by how long the employee has been gone. If the period of
military duty is less than 91 days, the employee is entitled to the
position he or she would have attained had the absence not occurred. If
the military duty lasts more than 90 days, the person's entitlement is
essentially the same except that he or she may be placed in an
equivalent position. (Under the old law, restoration rights were based
largely on the kind of military duty performed, for example, active
duty, active duty for training, inactive duty, etc.)
--Similarly, the length of time an employee has to report back for
duty following uniformed service is now determined by how long he or
she has been gone. If the absence was for less than 31 days, the
employee must return at the beginning of the next regularly scheduled
work period on the first full day after release from service, taking
account safe travel home plus an 8 hour rest period. For service of
more than 30 days but less than 181 days, the employee must submit an
application for restoration within 14 days of release from service. For
service of more than 180 days, an application for restoration must be
submitted within 90 days of release from service. Failure to return
within these time limits does not mean that restoration rights are
forfeited; it only means the agency can take whatever disciplinary
action it would normally take for unexcused absences. (Under the old
law, the length of time an employee had to apply for restoration was
determined by the type of military duty performed.)
--Notice requirement. For the first time, the law requires that
servicemembers provide advance written or verbal notice to their
agencies for all military service. (Under the old law, notice was
required only for training duty.)
--Appeal rights have changed. Federal employees and applicants with
complaints under the new law may now seek assistance from the
Department of Labor's Veterans' Employment and Training Service (VETS).
VETS will attempt to informally resolve any disputes with the agency
over military duty. If informal resolution fails, Labor will refer the
case to the Office of the Special Counsel which is authorized to
represent the employee before the Merit Systems Protection Board.
Alternatively, an employee may still elect to appeal directly to MSPB
and by-pass Labor and the Special Counsel.
--Special placement provisions are mandated for certain returning
employees when their former agencies are unable to reemploy them. The
new law requires OPM to place in the executive branch the following
categories of employees when their former agencies determine that it is
``impossible or unreasonable'' to reemploy them:
(1) Executive branch employees whose agencies no longer exist and
the functions have not been transferred, or it is otherwise impossible
or unreasonable to reemploy the person;
(2) Legislative and judicial branch employees;
(3) National Guard technicians; and
(4) Employees of the intelligence agencies.
The interim regulations specify how this will be carried out.
--Status while absent. While on duty with the uniformed services,
an employee is considered to be on a leave of absence (leave without
pay) unless the employee elects to use other leave.
--Nondiscrimination. USERRA broadens the nondiscrimination
provisions of the old law and expressly forbids any discrimination in
employment or proportion because of uniformed service.
--Enhanced health and pension plan coverage. Employees performing
military duty of more than 30 days may elect to continue their health
benefit coverage for up to 18 months. Also under USERRA, to receive
retirement credit for military service, employees under the Federal
Employees Retirement System (FERS) are required to pay only what they
would have paid had they not gone on military duty.
[[Page 45652]]
USERRA also expands retirement coverage to include all full-time
National Guard duty if that duty interrupts creditable civilian service
and is followed by reemployment that occurs after August 1, 1990. (Only
National Guard service performed for the U.S. was covered under the old
law.)
Under 38 U.S.C. 4316, employee benefits, other than health
benefits, continue for employees covered by this Act in the same way as
they do for other employees who are on leave without pay. Employees who
leave their jobs to enter the uniformed services are considered to be
employees on leave without pay so long as they meet the requirements
for reemployment under this Act. Under the Federal Employees' Group
Life Insurance (FEGLI) Program, employees may continue their life
insurance coverage for up to 12 months in nonpay status at no cost to
the employee. Therefore, the interim regulations amend 5 CFR 870.502 to
show that an employee who separates from Federal service to enter the
uniformed services is considered to be an employee in nonpay status for
so long as the employee remains eligible for benefits under 38 U.S.C.
4316. As a result, life insurance coverage continues for up to one year
for employees who do not separate, but go on military furloughs (nonpay
status). For those who actually separate from their Federal jobs to
enter the uniformed services, life insurance coverage continues for up
to 12 months or until a date that is 90 days after the service with the
uniformed services ends, whichever is earlier.
Under 38 U.S.C. 4317, employees who are covered by an employers'
group health plan and who enter the uniformed services may elect to
continue their coverage for up to 18 months after the date the absence
to serve in the uniformed services begins. If the service continues for
more than 30 days, the employee can be charged up to 102 percent of the
premium. The Federal Employees Health Benefits (FEHB) law provides for
continued coverage for up to 12 months for employees in leave without
pay status. FEHB regulations provide that these employees may pay their
respective shares of the premium; however, an employee may choose to
incur a debt and postpone payment until he or she returns to pay and
duty status. The employing agency must pay the Government contribution
on a current basis. Therefore, for the first 12-months, employees
entitled to benefits under 38 U.S.C. 4317 are charged only the employee
share of the premium.
The interim regulations amend Secs. 890.303 and 890.304 to provide
that the enrollment of an employee who enters on military furlough
(nonpay status) may continue an additional 6 months after the coverage
would otherwise stop due to the expiration of 365 days in nonpay status
if the employee's eligibility for benefits under 38 U.S.C. 4317
continues. The enrollment of an employee who separates to enter the
uniformed services may continue for up to 18 months if the employee's
eligibility for benefits under 38 U.S.C. 4317 continues. (Eligibility
for benefits under 38 U.S.C. 4317 ends the earlier of 18 months after
the date the employee's absence due to service in the uniformed
services began or 90 days after the service ends.) Employees on
military furlough or in nonpay status to serve in the uniformed
services on the date of enactment of Pub. L. 103-353, October 13, 1994,
are also entitled to continued coverage under 38 U.S.C. 4317 for the
balance of the 18-month period after their absence to enter the
uniformed services began. An enrollment that had already terminated due
to the expiration of 365 days in nonpay status may be reinstated for
the balance of the 18-month period.
The interim regulations also amend 5 CFR 890.502(g) to provide that
employees whose enrollment continues beyond 12 months in nonpay status
because of their eligibility for benefits under 38 U.S.C. 4317 must pay
102 percent of the premium (the employee share plus the Government
share, plus 2 percent of the total). In addition, the interim
regulations amend the provision for waiving the employee share of the
health benefits premium for employees who enter the uniformed services
in support of Operations Desert Shield and/or Desert Storm by limiting
its application to those who enter before the effective date of these
interim regulations.
--Enhanced thrift savings plan coverage. The new law allows
employees to make up contributions to the thrift savings plan missed
because of military duty. Under the old law, employees who went on
military duty were ineligible to make contributions to the thrift
savings plan. (The Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board is
issuing regulations on this aspect of the law.)
--Effective date. The new law applies to restorations effected on
or after December 12, 1994.
Waiver of Notice of Proposed Rulemaking
Pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 553(b)(3)(B), I find that good cause exists
for waiving the general notice of proposed rulemaking. Specifically,
the law which these regulations implement was enacted in October 1994
and became fully effective as of December 12, 1994.
Regulatory Flexibility Act
I certify that this regulation will not have a significant impact
on a substantial number of small entities because it pertains only to
Federal employees and agencies.
List of Subjects
5 CFR Part 353
Administrative practice and procedure, Government employees.
5 CFR Part 870
Administrative practice and procedure, Government employees,
Hostages, Iraq, Kuwait, Lebanon, Life insurance, Retirement.
5 CFR Part 890
Administrative practice and procedure, Government employees, Health
facilities, Health insurance, Health professions, Hostages, Iraq,
Kuwait, Lebanon, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, Retirement.
Office of Personnel Management,
James B. King,
Director.
Accordingly, OPM is amending parts 353, 870, and 890 as follows:
1. Part 353 is revised to read as follows:
PART 353--RESTORATION TO DUTY FROM UNIFORMED SERVICE OR COMPENSABLE
INJURY
Subpart A--General Provisions
Sec.
353.101 Scope.
353.102 Definitions.
353.103 Persons covered.
353.104 Notification of rights and obligations.
353.105 Maintenance of records.
353.106 Personnel actions during employee's absence.
353.107 Service credit upon reemployment.
353.108 Effect of performance and conduct on restoration rights.
353.109 Transfer of function to another agency.
353.110 OPM placement assistance.
Subpart B--Uniformed Service
353.201 Introduction.
353.202 Discrimination and acts of reprisal prohibited.
353.203 Length of service.
353.204 Notice to employer.
353.205 Return to duty and application for reemployment.
353.206 Documentation upon return.
353.207 Position to which restored.
[[Page 45653]]
353.208 Use of paid leave during uniformed service.
353.209 Retention protections.
353.210 Department of Labor assistance to applicants and employees.
353.211 Appeal rights.
Subpart C--Compensable Injury
353.301 Restoration rights.
353.302 Retention protections.
353.303 Restoration rights of TAPER employees.
353.304 Appeals to the Merit Systems Protection Board.
Authority: 38 U.S.C. 4301 et. seq., and 5 U.S.C. 8151.
Subpart A--General Provisions
Sec. 353.101 Scope.
The rights and obligations of employees and agencies in connection
with leaves of absence or restoration to duty following uniformed
service under 38 U.S.C. 4301 et. seq., and restoration under 5 U.S.C.
8151 for employees who sustain compensable injuries, are subject to the
provisions of this part. Subpart A covers those provisions that are
common to both of the above groups of employees. Subpart B deals with
provisions that apply just to uniformed service and subpart C covers
provisions that pertain just to injured employees.
Sec. 353.102 Definitions.
In this part:
Agency means.
(1) With respect to restoration following a compensable injury, any
department, independent establishment, agency, or corporation in the
executive branch, including the U.S. Postal Service and the Postal Rate
Commission, and any agency in the legislative or judicial branch; and
(2) With respect to uniformed service, an executive agency as
defined in 5 U.S.C. 105 (other than an intelligence agency referred to
in 5 U.S.C. 2302(a)(2)(C)(ii), including the U.S. Postal Service and
Postal Rate Commission, a nonappropriated fund instrumentality of the
United States, or a military department as defined in 5 U.S.C. 102. In
the case of a National Guard technician employed under 32 U.S.C. 709,
the employing agency is the adjutant general of the State in which the
technician is employed.
Fully recovered means compensation payments have been terminated on
the basis that the employee is able to perform all the duties of the
position he or she left or an equivalent one.
Injury means a compensable injury sustained under the provisions of
5 U.S.C. chapter 81, subchapter 1, and includes, in addition to
accidental injury, a disease proximately caused by the employment.
Leave of absence means military leave, annual leave, without pay
(LWOP), furlough, continuation of pay, or any combination of these.
Military leave means paid leave provided to Reservists and members
of the National Guard under 5 U.S.C. 6323.
Notice means any written or verbal notification of an obligation or
intention to perform service in the uniformed services provided to an
agency by the employee performing the service or by the uniformed
service in which the service is to be performed.
Partially recovered means an injured employee, though not ready to
resume the full range of his or her regular duties, has recovered
sufficiently to return to part-time or light duty or to another
position with less demanding physical requirements. Ordinarily, it is
expected that a partially recovered employee will fully recover
eventually.
Physically disqualified means that:
(1)(i) For medical reasons the employee is unable to perform the
duties of the position formerly held or an equivalent one, or
(ii) There is a medical reason to restrict the individual from some
or all essential duties because of possible incapacitation (for
example, a seizure) or because of risk of health impairment (such as
further exposure to a toxic substance for an individual who has already
shown the effects of such exposure).
(2) The condition is considered permanent with little likelihood
for improvement or recovery.
Reasonable efforts in the case of actions required by an agency for
a person returning from uniformed service means actions, including
training, that do not place an undue hardship on the agency.
Service in the uniformed services means the performance of duty on
a voluntary or involuntary basis in a uniformed service under competent
authority and includes active duty, active duty for training, initial
active duty for training, inactive duty training, full-time National
Guard duty, and a period for which a person is absent from employment
for the purpose of examination to determine fitness to perform such
duty.
Status means the particular attributes of a specific position. This
includes the rank or responsibility of the position, its duties,
working conditions, pay, tenure, and seniority.
Undue hardship means actions taken by an agency requiring
significant difficulty or expense, when considered in light of--
(1) The nature and cost of actions needed under this part;
(2) The overall financial resources of the facility involved in
taking the action; the number of persons employed at the facility; the
effect on expenses and resources, or the impact otherwise of the action
on the operation of the facility; and
(3) The overall size of the agency with respect to the number of
employees, the number, type, and location of its facilities and type of
operations, including composition, structure, and functions of the work
force.
Uniformed services means the Armed Forces, the Army National Guard
and the Air National Guard when engaged in active duty for training,
inactive duty training, or full-time National Guard duty, the
Commissioned Corps of the Public Health Service, and any other category
of persons designated by the President in time of war or emergency.
Sec. 353.103 Persons covered.
(a) The provisions of this part pertaining to service in the
uniformed services cover each agency employee who enters into such
service. However, an employee serving under a time-limited appointment
completes any unexpired portion of his or her appointment upon return
from uniformed service.
(b) The provisions of this part concerning employee injury cover a
civil officer or employee in any branch of the Government of the United
States, including an officer or employee of an instrumentally wholly
owned by the United States, who was separated or furloughed from an
appointment without time limitation, or from a temporary appointment
pending establishment of a register (TAPER) as a result of a
compensable injury; but do not include--
(1) A commissioned officer of the Regular Corps of the Public
Health Service;
(2) A commissioned officer of the Reserve Corps of the Public
Health Service on active duty; or
(3) A commissioned officer of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration.
Sec. 353.104 Notification of rights and obligations.
When an agency separates, grants a leave of absence, restores or
fails to restore an employee because of uniformed service or
compensable injury, it shall notify the employee of his or her rights,
obligations, and benefits relating to Government employment, including
any appeal and grievance rights. However, regardless of notification,
an employee is still required to exercise due diligence in
[[Page 45654]]
ascertaining his or her rights, and to seek reemployment within the
time limits provided by chapter 43 of title 38, United States Code, for
restoration after uniformed service, or as soon as he or she is able
after a compensable injury.
Sec. 353.105 Maintenance of records.
Each agency shall identify the position vacated by an employee who
is injured or leaves to enter uniformed service. It shall also maintain
the necessary records to ensure that all such employees are preserved
the rights and benefits granted by law and this part.
Sec. 353.106 Personnel actions during employee's absence.
(a) An employee absent because of service in the uniformed services
is to be carried on leave without pay unless the employee elects to use
other leave or freely and knowingly provides written notice of intent
not to return to a position of employment with the agency, in which
case the employee can be separated. (Note: A separation under this
provision affects only the employee's seniority while gone; it does not
affect his or her restoration rights.)
(b) An employee absent because of compensable injury may be carried
on leave without pay or separated unless the employee elects to use
sick or annual leave.
(c) Agency promotion plans must provide a mechanism by which
employees who are absent because of compensable injury or uniformed
service can be considered for promotion.
Sec. 353.107 Service credit upon reemployment.
Upon reemployment, an employee absent because of uniformed service
or compensable injury is generally entitled to be treated as though he
or she had never left. This means that a person who is reemployed
following uniformed service or full recovery from compensable injury
receives credit for the entire period of the absence for purposes of
rights and benefits based upon seniority and length of service,
including within-grade increases, career tenure, completion of
probation, leave rate accrual, and severance pay.
Sec. 353.108 Effect of performance and conduct on restoration rights.
The laws covered by this part do not permit an agency to circumvent
the protections afforded by other laws to employees who face the
involuntary loss of their positions. Thus, an employee may not be
denied restoration rights because of poor performance or conduct that
occurred prior to the employee's departure for compensable injury or
uniformed service. However, separation for cause that is substantially
unrelated to the injury or to the performance of uniformed service
negates restoration rights. Additionally, if during the period of
injury or uniformed service the employee's conduct is such that it
would disqualify him or her for employment under OPM or agency
regulations, restoration rights may be denied.
Sec. 353.109 Transfer of function to another agency.
If the function of an employee absent because of uniformed service
or compensable injury is transferred to another agency, and if the
employee would have been transferred with the function under part 351
of this chapter had he or she not been absent, the employee is entitled
to be placed in a position in the gaining agency that is equivalent to
the one he or she left. It shall also assume the obligation to restore
the employee in accordance with law and this part.
Sec. 353.110 OPM placement assistance.
(a) Employee returning from uniformed service. (1) OPM will offer
placement in the executive branch to the following categories of
employees upon notification by the agency and application by the
employee: (Such notification should be sent to the Associate Director
for Employment, OPM, 1900 E Street, NW., Washington, DC 20415.)
(i) Executive branch employees (other than an employee of an
intelligence agency) when OPM determines that:
(A) their agencies no longer exist and the functions have not been
transferred, or;
(B) it is otherwise impossible or unreasonable for their former
agencies to place them;
(ii) Legislative and judicial branch employees when their employers
determine that it is impossible or unreasonable to reemploy them;
(iii) National Guard technicians when the Adjutant General of a
State determines that it is impossible or unreasonable to reemploy
them; and
(iv) Employees of the intelligence agencies (defined in 5 U.S.C.
2302(a)(2)(C)(ii)) when their agencies determine that it is impossible
or unreasonable to reemploy them.
(2) OPM will determine if a vacant position equivalent (in terms of
pay, grade, and status) to the one time the individual left exists, for
which the individual is qualified, in the commuting area in which he or
she was employed immediately before entering the uniformed services. If
such a vacancy exists, OPM will order the agency to place the
individual. If no such position is available, the individual may elect
to be placed in a lesser position in the commuting area, or OPM will
attempt to place the individual in an equivalent position in another
geographic location determined by OPM. If the individual declines an
offer of equivalent employment, he or she has no further restoration
rights.
(b) Employee returning from compensable injury. OPM will provide
placement assistance to an employee with restoration rights in the
executive, legislative, or judicial branches who cannot be placed in
his or her former agency and who either has competitive status or is
eligible to acquire it under 5 U.S.C. 3304(C). If the employee's agency
is abolished and its functions are not transferred, or it is not
possible for the employee to be restored in his or her former agency,
OPM will provide placement assistance by enrolling the employee in
OPM's Interagency Placement Program (or its successor) under part 330
of this chapter. This paragraph does not apply to an employee serving
under a temporary appointment pending establishment of a register
(TAPER).
Subpart B--Uniformed Service
Sec. 353.201 Introduction.
The Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act of
1994 revised and strengthened the existing Veterans' Reemployment
Rights law, made the Department of Labor responsible for investigating
employee complaints, required OPM to place certain returning employees
in other agencies, established a separate restoration rights program
for employees of the intelligence agencies, and altered the appeals
rights process. The new law applies to persons exercising restoration
rights on or after December 12, 1994.
Sec. 353.202 Discrimination and acts of reprisal prohibited.
A person who seeks or holds a position in the Executive branch may
not be denied hiring, retention in employment, or any other incident or
advantage of employment because of any application, membership, or
service in the uniformed services. Furthermore, an agency may not take
any reprisal against an employee for taking any action to enforce a
protection, assist or participate in an investigation, or exercise any
right provided for under chapter 43 of title 38, United States Code.
[[Page 45655]]
Sec. 353.203 Length of service.
(a) Counting service after the effective date of USERRA (12/12/94).
To be entitled to restoration rights under this part, cumulative
service in the uniformed services while employed by the Federal
Government may not exceed 5 years. However, the 5-year period does not
include any service--
(1) That is required beyond 5 years to complete an initial period
of obligated service;
(2) During which the individual was unable to obtain orders
releasing him or her from service in the uniformed services before
expiration of the 5-year period, and such inability was through no
fault of the individual;
(3) Performed as required pursuant to 10 U.S.C. 10147, under 32
U.S.C. 502(a) or 503, or to fulfill additional training requirements
determined and certified in writing by the Secretary of the military
department concerned to be necessary for professional development or
for completion of skill training or retraining;
(4) Performed by a member of a uniformed service who is:
(i) Ordered to or retained on active duty under sections 12301(a),
12301(g), 12302, 12304, 12305, or 688 of title 10, United States Code,
or under 14 U.S.C. 331, 332, 359, 360, 367, or 712;
(ii) Ordered to or retrained on active duty (other than for
training) under any provision of law during a war or during a national
emergency declared by the President or the Congress;
(iii) Ordered to active duty (other than for training) in support,
as determined by the Secretary of the military department concerned, of
an operational mission for which personnel have been ordered to active
duty under 10 U.S.C. 12304;
(iv) Ordered to active duty in support, as determined by the
Secretary of the military department concerned, of a critical mission
or requirement of the uniformed services, or
(iv) Called into Federal service as a member of the National Guard
under chapter 15 or under section 12406 of title 10, United States
Code.
(b) Counting service prior to the effective date of USERRA. In
determining the 5-year total that may not be exceeded for purposes of
exercising restoration rights, service performed prior to December 12,
1994, is considered only to the extent that it would have counted under
the previous law (the Veterans' Reemployment Rights statute). For
example, the service of a National Guard technician who entered on an
Active Guard Reserve (AGR) tour under section 502(f) of title 32,
United States Code, was not counted toward the 4-year time limit under
the previous statute because it was specifically considered active duty
for training. However, title 32, section 502(f) AGR service is not
exempt from the cumulative time limits allowed under USERRA and service
after the effective date counts under USERRA rules. Thus, if a
technician was on a 32 U.S.C. 502(f) AGR tour on October 13, 1994, (the
date USERRA was signed into law), but exercised restoration rights
after December 11, 1994, (the date USERRA became fully effective), AGR
service prior to December 12 would not count in computing the 5-year
total, but all service beginning with that date would count.
(c) Nature of Reserve service and resolving conflicts. An employee
who is a member of the Reserve or National Guard has a dual
obligation--to the military and to his or her employer. Given the
nature of the employee's service obligation, some conflict with job
demands is often unavoidable and a good-faith effort on the part of
both the employee and the agency is needed to minimize conflict and
resolve differences. Some accommodation may be necessary by both
parties. Most Reserve component members are required, as a minimum, to
participate in drills for 2 days each month and in 2 weeks of active
duty for training per year. But some members are required to
participate in longer or more frequent training tours. USERRA makes it
clear that the timing, frequency, duration, and nature of the duty
performed is not an issue so long as the employee gave proper notice,
and did not exceed the time limits specified. However, to the extent
that the employee has influence upon the timing, frequency, or duration
of such training or duty, he or she is expected to use that influence
to minimize the burden upon the agency. The employee is expected to
provide the agency with as much advance notice as possible whenever
military duty or training will interfere with civilian work. When a
conflict arises between the Reserve duty and the legitimate needs of
the employer, the agency may contact appropriate military authorities
to express concern. Where the request would require the employee to be
absent from work for an extended period, during times of acute need, or
when, in light of previous leaves, the requested leave is cumulatively
burdensome, the agency may contact the military commander of the
employee's military unit to determine if the military duty could be
rescheduled or performed by another member. If the military authorities
determine that the military duty cannot be rescheduled or cancelled,
the agency is required to permit the employee to perform his or her
military duty.
(d) Mobilization authority. By law, members of the Selected Reserve
(a component of the Ready Reserve), can be called up under a
presidential order for purposes other than training for as long as 270
days. If the President declares a national emergency, the remainder of
the Ready Reserve--the Individual Ready Reserve and the Inactive
National Guard--may be called up. The Ready Reserve as a whole is
subject to as much as 24 consecutive months of active duty in a
national emergency declared by the President.
Sec. 353.204 Notice to employer.
To be entitled to restoration rights under this part, an employee
(or an appropriate officer of the uniformed service in which service is
to be performed) must give the employer advance written or verbal
notice of the service except that no notice is required if it is
precluded by military necessity or, under all relevant circumstances,
the giving of notice is otherwise impossible or unreasonable.
Sec. 353.205 Return to duty and application for reemployment.
Periods allowed for return to duty are based on the length of time
the person was performing service in the uniformed services, as
follows:
(a) An employee whose uniformed service was for less than 31 days,
or who was absent for the purpose of an examination to determine
fitness for the uniformed services, is required to report back to work
not later than the beginning of the first regularly scheduled work day
on the first full calendar day following completion of the period of
service and the expiration of 8 hours after a period allowing for the
safe transportation of the employee from the place of service to the
employee's residence, or as soon as possible after the expiration of
the 8-hour period if reporting within the above period is impossible or
unreasonable through no fault of the employee.
(b) If the service was for more than 30 but less than 181 days, the
employee must submit an application for reemployment with the agency
not later than 14 days after completing the period of service. (If
submitting the application is impossible or unreasonable through no
fault of the individual, it must be submitted the next full calendar
day when it becomes possible to do so.)
(c) If the period of service was for more than 180 days, the
employee must submit an application for reemployment
[[Page 45656]]
not later than 90 days after completing the period of service.
(d) An employee who is hospitalized or convalescing from an injury
or illness incurred in, or aggravated during uniformed service is
required to report for duty at the end of the period that is necessary
for the person to recover, based on the length of service as discussed
in paragraphs (a), (b), and (c) of this section, except that the period
of recovery may not exceed 2 years (extended by the minimum time
required to accommodate circumstances beyond the employee's control
which make reporting within the period specified impossible or
unreasonable).
(e) A person who does not report within the time limits specified
does not automatically forfeit restoration rights, but, rather, is
subject to whatever policy and disciplinary action the agency would
normally apply for a similar absence without authorization.
Sec. 353.206 Documentation upon return.
Upon request, a returning employee who was absent for more than 30
days, or was hospitalized or convalescing from an injury or illness
incurred in or aggravated during the performance of service in the
uniformed services, must provide the agency with documentation that
establishes the timeliness of the application for reemployment, and
length and character of service. If documentation is unavailable, the
agency must restore the employee until documentation becomes available.
Sec. 353.207 Position to which restored.
(a) Timing. An employee returning from the uniformed services
following an absence of more than 30 days is entitled to be restored as
soon as possible after making application, but in no event later than
30 days after receipt of the application by the agency.
(b) Nondisabled. If the employee's uniformed service was for less
than 91 days, he or she must be employed in the position for which
qualified that he or she would have attained if continuously employed.
If not qualified for this position after reasonable efforts by the
agency to qualify the employee, he or she is entitled to be placed in
the position he or she left. For service of 91 days or more, the agency
has the option of placing the employee in a position of like seniority,
status, and pay. (Note: Upon reemployment, a term employee completes
the unexpired portion of his or her original appointment.) If
unqualified (for any reason other than disability incurred in or
aggravated during service in the uniformed services) after reasonable
efforts by the agency to qualify the employee for such position or the
position the employee left, he or she must be restored to any other
position of lesser status and pay for which qualified, with full
seniority.
(c) Disabled. An employee with a disability incurred in or
aggravated during uniformed service and who, after reasonable efforts
by the agency to accommodate the disability, is entitled to be placed
in another position for which qualified that will provide the employee
with the same seniority, status, and pay, or the nearest approximation
consistent with the circumstances in each case. The agency is not
required to reemploy a disabled employee if, after making due efforts
to accommodate the disability, such reemployment would impose an undue
hardship on the agency.
(d) Two or more persons entitled to restoration in the same
position. If two or more persons are entitled to restoration in the
same position, the one who left the position first has the prior right
to restoration in that position. The other employee(s) is entitled to
be placed in a position as described in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this
section.
(e) Relationship to an entitlement based on veterans' preference.
An employee's right to restoration under this part does not entitle the
person to retention, preference, or displacement rights over any person
with a superior claim based on veterans' preference.
Sec. 353.208 Use of paid leave during uniformed service.
An employee performing service with the uniformed services must be
6permitted, upon request, to use any accrued annual leave (or sick
leave, if appropriate), or military leave during such service. (Note,
however, that under 5 U.S.C. 6323, military leave cannot be used for
inactive duty, e.g., drills.)
Sec. 353.209 Retention protections.
(a) During uniformed service. An employee may not be demoted or
separated (other than military separation) while performing duty with
the uniformed services except for cause. (Reduction in force is not
considered ``for cause'' under this subpart.) He or she is not a
``competing employee'' under Sec. 351.404 of this chapter. If the
employee's position is abolished during such absence, the agency must
reassign the employee to another position of like status, and pay.
(b) Upon reemployment. Except in the case of an employee under
time-limited appointment who finishes out the unexpired portion of his
or her appointment upon reemployment, an employee reemployed under this
subpart may not be discharged, except for cause--
(1) If the period of uniformed service was more than 180 days,
within 1 year; and
(2) If the period of uniformed service was more than 30 days, but
less than 181 days, within 6 months.
Sec. 353.210 Department of Labor assistance to applicants and
employees.
USERRA requires the Department of Labor's Veterans' Employment and
Training Service (VETS) to provide employment and reemployment
assistance to any Federal employee or applicant who requests it. VETS
staff will attempt to informally resolve employment disputes brought to
them. If informal dispute resolution proves unsuccessful, VETS may ask
the Office of the Special Counsel to represent the individual in an
appeal before the Merit Systems Protection Board (MSPB).
Sec. 353.211 Appeal rights.
An individual who believes an agency has not complied with the
provisions of law and this part relating to the employment or
reemployment of the person by the agency may--
(a) File a complaint with the Department of Labor, as noted in
Sec. 353.210, or
(b) Appeal directly to MSPB if the individual chooses not to file a
complaint with the Department of Labor, or is informed by either Labor
or the Office of the Special Counsel that they will not pursue to the
case.
Subpart C--Compensable Injury
Sec. 353.301 Restoration rights.
(a) Fully recovered within 1 year. An employee who fully recovers
from a compensable injury within 1 year from the date eligibility for
compensation began (or from the time compensable disability recurs if
the recurrence begins after the employee resumes regular full-time
employment with the United States), is entitled to be restored
immediately and unconditionally to his or her former position or an
equivalent one. Although these restoration rights are agencywide, the
employee's basic entitlement is to the former position or equivalent in
the local commuting area the employee left. If a suitable vacancy does
not exist, the employee is entitled to displace an employee occupying a
continuing position under temporary appointment or tenure group III. If
there is no such position in the local commuting area, the agency must
offer the employee a position (as described above) in another location.
This paragraph also applies when an injured employee accepts a lower-
grade position
[[Page 45657]]
in lieu of separation and subsequently fully recovers. A fully
recovered employee is expected to return to work immediately upon the
cessation of compensation.
(b) Fully recovered after 1 year. An employee who separated because
of a compensable injury and whose full recovery takes longer than 1
year from the date eligibility for compensation began (or from the time
compensable disability recurs if the recurrence begins after the
injured employee resumes regular full-time employment with the United
States), is entitled to priority consideration, agencywide, for
restoration to the position he or she left or an equivalent one
provided he or she applies for reappointment within 30 days of the
cessation of compensation. Priority consideration is accorded by
entering the individual on the agency's reemployment priority list for
the competitive service or reemployment list for the excepted service.
If the individual cannot be placed in the former commuting area, he or
she is entitled to priority consideration for an equivalent position
elsewhere in the agency. (See parts 302 and 330 of this chapter for
more information on how this may be accomplished for the excepted and
competitive services, respectively.) This subpart also applies when an
injured employee accepts a lower-graded position in lieu of separation
and subsequently fully recovers.
(c) Physically disqualified. An individual who is physically
disqualified for the former position or equivalent because of a
compensable injury, is entitled to be placed in another position for
which qualified that will provide the employee with the same status,
and pay, or the nearest approximation thereof, consistent with the
circumstances in each case. This right is agencywide and applies for a
period of 1 year from the date eligibility for compensation begins.
After 1 year, the individual is entitled to the rights accorded
individuals who fully or partially recover, as applicable.
(d) Partially recovered. Agencies must make every effort to restore
in the local commuting area, according to the circumstances in each
case, an individual who has partially recovered from a compensable
injury and who is able to return to limited duty. At a minimum, this
would mean treating these employees substantially the same as other
handicapped individuals under the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as
amended. (See 29 U.S.C. 791(b) and 794.) If the individual fully
recovers, he or she is entitled to be considered for the position held
at the time of injury, or an equivalent one. A partially recovered
employee is expected to seek reemployment as soon as he or she is able.
Sec. 353.302 Retention protections.
An injured employee enjoys no special protection in a reduction in
force. Separation by reduction in force or for cause while on
compensation means the individual has no restoration rights.
Sec. 353.303 Restoration rights of TAPER employees.
An employee serving in the competitive service under a temporary
appointment pending establishment of a register (TAPER) under
Sec. 316.201 of this chapter (other than an employee serving in a
position classified above GS-15), is entitled to be restored to the
position he or she left or an equivalent one in the same commuting
area.
Sec. 353.304 Appeals to the Merit Systems Protection Board.
(a) Except as provided in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section,
an injured employee or former employee of an agency in the executive
branch (including the U.S. Postal Service and the Postal Rate
Commission) may appeal to the MSPB an agency's failure to restore,
improper restoration, or failure to return an employee following a
leave of absence. All appeals must be submitted in accordance with
MSPB's regulations.
(b) An individual who fully recovers from a compensable injury more
than 1 year after compensation begins may appeal to MSPB as provided
for in parts 302 and 330 of this chapter for excepted and competitive
service employees, respectively.
(c) An individual who is partially recovered from a compensable
injury may appeal to MSPB for a determination of whether the agency is
acting arbitrarily and capriciously in denying restoration. Upon
reemployment, a partially recovered employee may also appeal the
agency's failure to credit time spent on compensation for purposes of
rights and benefits based upon length of service.
PART 870--BASIC LIFE INSURANCE
2. The authority citation for part 870 continues to read as
follows:
Authority: 5 U.S.C. 8716; section 870.202(c) also issued under 5
U.S.C. 7701(b)(2); subpart J is also issued under section 599C of
Pub. L. 101-513, 104 Stat. 2064, as amended.
3. In Sec. 870.501, paragraph (d) is amended by adding a sentence
at the end to read as follows:
Sec. 870.501 Termination and conversion of insurance coverage.
* * * * *
(d) * * * For the purpose of this paragraph, an individual who is
entitled to benefits under part 353 of this chapter is considered to be
an employee in nonpay status.
* * * * *
PART 890--FEDERAL EMPLOYEES HEALTH BENEFITS PROGRAM
4. The authority citation for part 890 continues to read as
follows:
Authority: 5 U.S.C. 8913; section 890.803 also issued under 50
U.S.C. 403p, 22 U.S.C. 4069c and 4069c-1; subpart L also issued
under sec. 599C of Pub. L. 101-513, 104 Stat. 2064, as amended.
5. Section 890.303 is amended by adding a new paragraph (i) to read
as follows:
Sec. 890.303 Contination of enrollment.
* * * * *
(i) Service in the uniformed services. The enrollment of an
individual who separates to enter the uniformed services under
conditions that entitle him or her to benefits under part 353 of this
chapter may continue for the 18-month period beginning on the date that
the absence to serve in the uniformed services begins, provided that
the individual continues to be entitled to benefits under part 353 of
this chapter. The enrollment of an employee who enters on military
furlough or is placed in nonpay status to serve in the uniformed
services may continue for the 18-month period beginning on the date
that the absence to serve in the uniformed services begins, provided
that the employee continues to be entitled to benefits under part 353
of this chapter. An employee in nonpay status is entitled to continued
coverage under paragraph (e) of this section if the employee's
entitlement to benefits under part 353 of this chapter ends before the
expiration of 365 days in nonpay status. The enrollment of an employee
who is on military furlough or in nonpay status in order to serve in
the uniformed services on October 13, 1994, may continue for the 18-
month period beginning on the date that the absence to serve in the
uniformed services began, provided that the employee continues to be
entitled to continued coverage under part 353 of this chapter. If the
enrollment of such an employee had terminated due to the expiration of
365 days in nonpay status, it may be reinstated for the remainder of
the 18-month period beginning on the date that the absence to serve in
the uniformed services began, provided that the
[[Page 45658]]
employee continues to be entitled to continued coverage under part 353
of this chapter.
6. In Sec. 890.304 paragraph (a)(1) is amended by revising
paragraph (a)(1)(vi) and adding two new paragraphs (a)(1)(vii) and
(viii) to read as follows:
Sec. 890.304 Termination of enrollment.
(a) * * *
(1) * * *
(vi) The day he or she is separated, furloughed, or placed on leave
of absence to serve in the uniformed services under conditions
entitling him or her to benefits under part 353 of this chapter for the
purpose of performing duty not limited to 30 days or less, provided the
employee elects, in writing to have the enrollment so terminated.
(vii) For an employee who separates to serve in the uniformed
services under conditions entitling him or her to benefits under part
353 of this chapter for the purpose of performing duty not limited to
30 days or less, the date that is 18 months after the date that the
absence to serve in the uniformed services began or the date
entitlement to benefits under part 353 of this chapter ends, whichever
is earlier, unless the enrollment is terminated under paragraph
(a)(1)(vi) of this section.
(viii) For an employee who is furloughed or placed on leave of
absence under conditions entitling him or her to benefits under part
353 of this chapter, the date that is 18 months after the date that the
absence to serve in the uniformed services began or the date
entitlement to benefits under part 353 of this chapter ends, whichever
is earlier, but not earlier than the date the enrollment would
otherwise terminate under paragraph (a)(1)(v) of this section.
* * * * *
7. In Sec. 890.305 paragraph (a) is revised to read as follows:
Sec. 890.305 Reinstatement of enrollment after military service.
(a) The enrollment of an employee or annuitant whose enrollment was
terminated under Sec. 890.304(a)(1)(vi), (vii) or (viii) or
Sec. 890.304(b)(4)(iii) is automatically reinstated on the day the
employee is restored to a civilian position under the provisions of
part 353 of this chapter or on the day the annuitant is separated from
the uniformed services, as the case may be.
* * * * *
8. In Sec. 890.501 paragraph (e) is revised and two new paragraphs
(f) and (g) are added to read as follows:
Sec. 890.501 Government contributions.
* * * * *
(e) Except as provided in paragraphs (f) and (g) of this section,
the employing office must make a contribution for an employee for each
pay period during which the enrollment continues.
(f) Temporary employees enrolled under 5 U.S.C. 8906a must pay the
full subscription charge including the Government contribution.
Employees with provisional appointments under Sec. 316.403 are not
considered to be enrolled under 5 U.S.C. 8906a for the purpose of this
paragraph.
(g) The Government contribution for an employee who enters the
uniformed services and whose enrollment continues under Sec. 890.303(i)
ceases after 365 days in nonpay status.
9. In Sec. 890.502 paragraph (g) is revised to read as follows:
Sec. 890.502 Employee withholdings and contributions.
* * * * *
(g) Uniformed services. (1) except as provided in paragraph (g)(2)
of this section, an employee whose coverage continues under section
890.303(i) is responsible for payment of the employee share of the cost
of enrollment for every pay period for which the enrollment continues
for the first 365 days of continued coverage as set forth under
paragraph (b) of this section. For coverage that continues after 365
days in nonpay status, the employee must pay, on a current basis, the
full subscription charge, including both the employee and Government
shares, plus an additional 2 percent of the full subscription charge.
(2) Payment of the employee's share of the cost of enrollment is
waived for the first 365 days of continued coverage in the case of an
employee whose coverage continues under Sec. 890.303(e) following
furlough or placement on leave of absence under the provisions of part
353 of this chapter or under Sec. 890.303(i) if the employee was
ordered to active duty before September 1, 1995 under section 672,
673b, 674, 675, or 688 of title 10, United States Code, in support of
Operation Desert Storm.
* * * * *
[FR Doc. 95-21571 Filed 8-31-95; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6325-01-M
