[Federal Register Volume 63, Number 201 (Monday, October 19, 1998)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 55779-55783]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 98-27892]
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DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Agricultural Marketing Service
7 CFR Part 958
[Docket No. FV97-958-2 FR]
Onions Grown in Certain Designated Counties in Idaho, and Malheur
County, Oregon, and Imported Onions; Increase in Grade Requirement for
White Onions
AGENCY: Agricultural Marketing Service, USDA.
ACTION: Final rule.
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SUMMARY: This rule increases the minimum grade requirement for white
onion varieties handled under the Idaho-Eastern Oregon onion marketing
order from U.S. No. 2 or U.S. Commercial to U.S. No. 1. The marketing
order regulates the handling of onions produced in certain designated
counties in Idaho, and Malheur County, Oregon, and is administered
locally by the Idaho-Eastern Oregon Onion Committee (Committee). This
rule is intended to improve the marketing of white onions, increase
returns to producers, and provide consumers with higher quality onions.
As provided under section 8e of the Agricultural Marketing Agreement
Act of 1937, the increase in the minimum grade requirement also applies
to all imported varieties of white onions.
EFFECTIVE DATE: November 9, 1998.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Robert J. Curry, Northwest Marketing
Field Office, Marketing Order Administration Branch, Fruit and
Vegetable Programs, AMS, USDA, 1220 SW Third Avenue, room 369,
Portland, Oregon 97204-2807; telephone: (503) 326-2724, Fax: (503) 326-
7440; and George J. Kelhart, Marketing Order Administration Branch,
Fruit and Vegetable Programs, AMS, USDA, room 2525-S, PO Box 96456,
Washington, DC 20090-6456; telephone (202) 720-2491, Fax: (202) 205-
6632. Small businesses may request information on compliance with this
regulation by contacting Jay Guerber, Marketing Order Administration
Branch, Fruit and Vegetable Programs, AMS, USDA, room 2525-S, PO Box
96456, Washington, DC 20090-6456; telephone (202) 720-2491, Fax: (202)
205-6632.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: This final rule is issued under Marketing
Agreement No. 130 and Marketing Order No. 958, both as amended (7 CFR
part 958), regulating the handling of onions grown in certain
designated counties in Idaho, and Malheur County, Oregon, hereinafter
referred to as the ``order.'' The order is effective under the
Agricultural Marketing Agreement Act of 1937, as amended (7 U.S.C. 601-
674), hereinafter referred to as the ``Act.''
This rule is also issued under section 8e of the Act, which
provides that whenever certain specified commodities, including onions,
are regulated under a Federal marketing order, imports of these
commodities into the United States are prohibited unless they meet the
same or comparable grade, size, quality, or maturity requirements as
those in effect for the domestically produced commodities.
The Department of Agriculture (Department) is issuing this rule in
conformance with Executive Order 12866.
This final rule has been reviewed under Executive Order 12988,
Civil Justice Reform. This rule is not intended to have retroactive
effect. This rule will
[[Page 55780]]
not preempt any State or local laws, regulations, or policies, unless
they present an irreconcilable conflict with this rule.
The Act provides that administrative proceedings must be exhausted
before parties may file suit in court. Under section 608c(15)(A) of the
Act, any handler subject to an order may file with the Secretary a
petition stating that the order, any provision of the order, or any
obligation imposed in connection with the order is not in accordance
with law and request a modification of the order or to be exempted
therefrom. A handler is afforded the opportunity for a hearing on the
petition. After the hearing the Secretary would rule on the petition.
The Act provides that the district court of the United States in any
district in which the handler is an inhabitant, or has his or her
principal place of business, has jurisdiction to review the Secretary's
ruling on the petition, provided an action is filed not later than 20
days after the date of the entry of the ruling.
There are no administrative procedures which must be exhausted
prior to any judicial challenge to the provisions of import regulations
issued under section 8e of the Act.
This final rule increases the minimum grade requirement for white
onion varieties grown in the defined production area and handled under
order authority. This rule, unanimously recommended by the Committee at
its June 19, 1997, meeting, requires that all white onion varieties
handled be U.S. No. 1 grade. The previous regulation permitted the
handling of U.S. No. 2 grade and U.S. Commercial grade white onions as
well. As provided under section 8e of the Agricultural Marketing
Agreement Act of 1937, the increase in the minimum grade requirement
also applies to all imported varieties of white onions.
Sections 958.51 and 958.52 of the order provide authority for the
establishment and modification of regulations applicable to the
handling of particular grades of onions. Section 958.328(a)(1)
establishes the grade requirements for white onions handled subject to
the Idaho-Eastern Oregon onion marketing order. Such grade requirements
are based on the U.S. Standards for Grades of Onions (Other than
Bermuda-Granex-Grano and Creole Types) (7 CFR part 51.2830 et seq.), or
the U.S. Standards for Grades of Bermuda-Granex-Grano Type Onions (7
CFR part 51.3195 et seq.). Previously, Sec. 958.328(a)(1) required that
white onion varieties be: (1) U.S. No. 2 or U.S. Commercial, 1 inch
minimum to 2 inches maximum diameter; (2) U.S. No. 2 or U.S.
Commercial, if not more than 30 percent of the lot is comprised of
onions of U.S. No. 1 quality, and at least 1\1/2\ inches minimum
diameter; or (3) U.S. No. 1, at least 1\1/2\ inches minimum diameter.
This final rule requires that all bags or other containers of white
onion varieties shipped subject to order requirements be either: (1)
U.S. No. 1, 1 inch minimum to 2 inches maximum diameter; or (2) U.S.
No. 1, at least 1\1/2\ inches minimum diameter. Commingling of these
two categories is not allowed. Exemptions under the order for special
purpose shipments in Sec. 958.328(e), and shipments qualifying for a
minimum quantity exemption in Sec. 958.328(g), continue to apply when
applicable.
The Committee justification for its recommendation indicated that
shipments of U.S. No. 2 and U.S. Commercial grade white onions have had
a negative impact on producer returns and have been a factor in
decreasing this industry's share of the fresh domestic white onion
market. In addition, the Committee stated that consumers of white
onions traditionally demand a quality product and that U.S. No. 2 and
U.S. Commercial grade white onions have poor consumer acceptance.
The Committee stated that producers seldom profit from U.S. No. 2
or U.S. Commercial grade white onion sales, and as a consequence,
common business practice for many is to discard such onions as culls
following harvest. Based upon comments made by handlers and receivers
of white onions, the Committee reported that shipments of low quality
U.S. No. 2 and U.S. Commercial grade white onions have a depressing
influence on the price of the higher quality U.S. No. 1 grade white
onions. The free-on-board (f.o.b.) price for U.S. No. 2 white onions
usually averages about one-half the f.o.b. price of U.S. No. 1 white
onions, reflecting the weak demand for U.S. No. 2 white onions in fresh
markets. Furthermore, over the last several years there has been
increased competition from white onions grown in Nevada, Washington,
Colorado, and Utah. The quality produced and marketed from those States
is excellent. Thus, a higher grade for white onions grown in Idaho-
Eastern Oregon should help this industry compete more effectively and
increase demand through stronger confidence in the quality of Idaho-
Eastern Oregon white onions.
Between the 1986/87 and the 1996/97 marketing seasons, an annual
average of 336,000 hundredweight of white onions, representing 3.9
percent of the total of all onion varieties, has been shipped from the
Idaho-Eastern Oregon production area. The annual average of all Idaho-
Eastern Oregon onion shipments for this period, including white,
yellow, and red onion varieties, is 9,517,500 hundredweight. During the
same period of time, shipments of Idaho-Eastern Oregon U.S. No. 2 white
onions averaged 3,807 hundredweight per year, or approximately an
annual average of 1.2 percent of white Idaho-Eastern Oregon onion
shipments and an annual average of .04 percent of all Idaho-Eastern
Oregon onion shipments. The majority, or nearly 99 percent, of the
white onions shipped from this production area are U.S. No. 1 grade.
Onions from the Idaho-Eastern Oregon production area are shipped
throughout most of the year. Most Idaho-Eastern Oregon white onions are
marketed during the months of September, October, and November, with
significant additional volume through February. Preliminary information
pertaining to the 1998/99 shipping season indicates that the f.o.b.
price for onions this season could average $13.10 per hundredweight.
As mentioned earlier, section 8e of the Act requires that when
certain domestically produced commodities, including onions, are
regulated under a Federal marketing order, imports of that commodity
must meet the same or comparable grade, size, quality, or maturity
requirements. Section 8e also provides that whenever two or more
marketing orders regulating the same commodity produced in different
areas of the United States are concurrently in effect, a determination
must be made as to which of the areas produces the commodity in most
direct competition with the imported commodity. Imports must then meet
the requirements established for that particular area.
Grade, size, quality, and maturity regulations have been issued
regularly under both Marketing Order No. 958 and Marketing Order No.
959, which regulates the handling of onions grown in South Texas, since
the marketing orders were established. The current import regulation
specifies that import requirements for onions are to be based on the
seasonal categories of onions grown in both marketing order areas. The
import regulation specifies that imported onions must meet the
requirements of the Idaho-Eastern Oregon onion marketing order during
the period June 5 through March 9 and the South Texas onion marketing
order during the period March 10 through June 4 each season. This final
rule changes the import requirements for the period June 5 through
March 9 of each marketing year to provide that all
[[Page 55781]]
imported white onion varieties must be U.S. No. 1 grade. While no
changes are required in the language of Sec. 980.117, all white onion
varieties imported during this period are required to meet the modified
grade requirement.
White onions are imported into the United States throughout the
year from a number of different countries. By far the largest source of
all imported onions is Mexico. Mexican white onions enter the United
States from November through July, with the heaviest volumes moving
during the months of December through April. The annual average volume
of all Mexican onions imported into the United States between 1986 and
1996 was 3,333,150 hundredweight, while the annual average volume for
all imported onions from all sources during the same period was
4,040,004 hundredweight.
Other sources of imported onions are Canada, Chile, New Zealand,
France, Guatemala, Belgium, Morocco, and the Netherlands. In 1996 and
1997, imports from Canada totaled 654,728 hundredweight and 498,950
hundredweight, imports from Chile totaled 139,927 hundredweight and
85,914 hundredweight, and those from New Zealand totaled 13,007
hundredweight and 20,172 hundredweight, respectively. Also during 1996
and 1997, onion imports from France totaled 82,034 hundredweight and
102,956 hundredweight, imports from Guatemala were 32,540 hundredweight
and 32,474 hundredweight, imports from Belgium totaled 1,565
hundredweight and 2,386 hundredweight, Moroccan imports totaled 287
hundredweight and 948 hundredweight, and imports from the Netherlands
totaled 26,852 and 26,544 hundredweight, respectively.
Pursuant to requirements set forth in the Regulatory Flexibility
Act (RFA), the Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS) has considered the
economic impact of this action on small entities. Accordingly, the AMS
has prepared this final regulatory flexibility analysis.
The purpose of the RFA is to fit regulatory actions to the scale of
business subject to such actions in order that small businesses will
not be unduly or disproportionately burdened. Marketing orders issued
pursuant to the Act, and rules issued thereunder, are unique in that
they are brought about through group action of essentially small
entities acting on their own behalf. Thus, both statutes have small
entity orientation and compatibility.
Import regulations issued under the Act are based on those
established under Federal marketing orders which regulate the handling
of domestically produced products.
There are approximately 35 handlers of Idaho-Eastern Oregon onions
who are subject to regulation under the order and approximately 260
onion producers, including approximately 80 producers of white onions,
in the regulated area. In addition, approximately 150 importers of
onions are subject to import regulations and could be affected by this
final rule. Small agricultural service firms have been defined by the
Small Business Administration (13 CFR 121.601) as those having annual
receipts of less than $5,000,000, and small agricultural producers are
defined as those having annual receipts of less than $500,000.
Approximately 90 percent of the handlers and 70 percent of the
producers of Idaho-Eastern Oregon white onions may be classified as
small entities. Although it is not known how many importers of white
onions may be classified as small entities, it can be assumed that a
number of the 150 importers could be classified as such.
This final rule increases the minimum grade requirement for white
onion varieties grown in the defined production area and handled under
order authority. This rule, unanimously recommended by the Committee at
its June 19, 1997, meeting, requires that all white onion varieties
handled be U.S. No. 1 grade. The previous regulation permitted the
handling of U.S. No. 2 grade and U.S. Commercial grade white onions as
well. As provided under section 8e of the Agricultural Marketing
Agreement Act of 1937, the increase in the minimum grade requirement
also applies to all imported varieties of white onions.
At the meeting the Committee discussed the impact its
recommendation might have on handlers and producers in terms of cost.
The Committee stated that producers seldom profit from U.S. No. 2 or
U.S. Commercial grade white onion sales, and as a consequence, common
business practice for many is to discard such onions as culls following
harvest.
Based upon comments made by handlers and receivers of white onions,
the Committee reported that shipments of low quality U.S. No. 2 and
U.S. Commercial grade white onions have a depressing influence on the
price of the higher quality U.S. No. 1 grade white onions. The f.o.b.
price for U.S. No. 2 white onions usually averages about one-half the
f.o.b. price of U.S. No. 1 white onions, reflecting the weak demand for
U.S. No. 2 white onions in fresh markets. Furthermore, over the last
several years there has been increased competition from white onions
grown in Nevada, Washington, Colorado, and Utah. The quality produced
and marketed from those States is excellent. Thus, a higher grade for
white onions grown in Idaho-Eastern Oregon should help this industry
compete more effectively and increase demand through stronger
confidence in the quality of Idaho-Eastern Oregon white onions.
Preliminary information pertaining to the 1998-99 shipping season
indicates that the f.o.b. price for onions this season could average
$13.10 per hundredweight.
While this rule may impose some additional costs on handlers and
producers, the costs are expected to be minimal, and should be offset
by the benefits of the rule. This final rule is expected to similarly
impact importers of white onions. The Committee believes that this
modification will benefit consumers, producers, and handlers. The
benefits of this rule are not expected to be disproportionately greater
or lesser for small entities than for large entities.
As alternatives to the proposal, the Committee discussed both
leaving the regulations unmodified and using voluntary methods to solve
the problem. Both alternatives were rejected. The prevailing opinion
was that market confidence and producer income would continue to erode
without the implementation of this rule. The majority of Committee
members stated that voluntary measures had not been effective in the
past.
Section 8e of the Act requires that when certain domestically
produced commodities, including onions, are regulated under a Federal
marketing order, imports of that commodity must meet the same or
comparable grade, size, quality, or maturity requirements. Section 8e
also provides that whenever two or more marketing orders regulating the
same commodity produced in different areas of the United States are
concurrently in effect, the Secretary shall determine which of the
areas produces the commodity in more direct competition with the
imported commodity. Imports must then meet the requirements established
for the particular area.
Grade, size, quality, and maturity regulations have been issued
regularly under both Marketing Order No. 958 and Marketing Order No.
959, which regulates the handling of onions grown in South Texas, since
the orders were established. The current import regulation specifies
that import requirements for onions are to be based on the seasonal
categories of onions grown in both marketing order areas.
[[Page 55782]]
The import regulations specify that imported onions must meet the
requirements of the Idaho-Eastern Oregon onion order during the period
June 5 through March 9 each season and the South Texas onion order
during the period March 10 through June 4 each season. This final rule
changes the import requirements for the period June 5 through March 9
of each marketing year to provide that all imported white onion
varieties must be U.S. No. 1 grade.
This action does not impose any additional reporting or
recordkeeping requirements on either small or large handlers. As with
all Federal marketing order programs, reports and forms are
periodically reviewed to reduce information requirements and
duplication by industry and public sector agencies.
In addition, the Committee's meeting was widely publicized
throughout the Idaho-Eastern Oregon onion industry and all interested
persons were invited to attend the meeting and participate in Committee
deliberations on all issues. Like all Committee meetings, the June 19,
1997, meeting was a public meeting and all entities, both large and
small, were able to express views on this issue. Finally, interested
persons were invited to submit information on the regulatory and
informational impacts of this action on small businesses. Five comments
were received and were of the view that the proposed increase in the
minimum grade would not have a negative impact on small entities. These
comments are discussed in more detail later in this document.
The Department has not identified any relevant Federal rules that
duplicate, overlap, or conflict with this rule.
Both an advance notice of proposed rulemaking and a proposed rule
were published in the Federal Register on February 3, 1998 (63 FR
5472), and on July 2, 1998 (63 FR 36194), respectively. Both
publications provided 60-day comment periods to allow interested
persons the opportunity to comment on the volume and grade of imported
white onions, as well as other aspects of the potential grade increase,
including its probable regulatory and economic impact on small business
entities. Copies of the publications were faxed and mailed to the
Committee office, which in turn notified Committee and Idaho-Eastern
Oregon onion industry members of the recommendation and proposed
rulemaking. The Department also provided copies of the publications to
the administrative offices of the Walla Walla Sweet Onion Committee,
the South Texas Onion Committee, and the Vidalia Onion Committee, as
well as to the World Trade Organization, European Commission, Brussels,
Belgium, onion importers on AMS' mailing list, to foreign embassies of
countries known to be interested in exporting onions to the United
States, and to the National Institute of Standards and Technology for
dissemination to the secretariat of the World Trade Organization. In
addition, the Committee's meetings were widely publicized throughout
the Idaho-Eastern Oregon onion industry and all interested persons were
invited to attend and participate on all issues. Copies of the advanced
notice and the proposed rule were also made available on the Internet
by the Department as well as by the U.S. Government Printing Office.
Five comments were received in regard to the advanced notice (63 FR
5472). Four of the comments were supportive of the Committee's
recommendation. The Idaho-Eastern Oregon Onion Committee reaffirmed its
unanimous recommendation in favor of increasing the minimum grade for
white onions from U.S. No. 2 or U.S. Commercial to U.S. No. 1. The
South Texas Onion Committee, administering Marketing Order No. 959,
expressed its support of the recommended modification as well. The
South Texas Onion Committee commented that when the South Texas
industry enters the market in March of each year, the market has been
flooded with inferior quality white onions from both Mexico and Idaho-
Eastern Oregon, and that the onion industries and consumers would
benefit from the minimum grade increase. The minimum grade requirement
for white onion varieties handled under the South Texas marketing order
is a modified U.S. No. 1 grade. This rule will increase the minimum
grade requirement for Idaho-Eastern Oregon onions, resulting in the
respective minimum grade requirements becoming more similar.
Also commenting in favor of the Committee's recommendation were a
South Texas onion handler, and an association representing Texas onion
handlers and importers of Mexican onions. Both commenters are located
in Mission, Texas. The handler commented that the recommended
modification would allow the South Texas industry the necessary
confidence to continue to produce onions for a market free from the
negative consumer reaction associated with poor quality white onions.
The association also added its support of the recommended minimum grade
increase. The association stated that it has within its membership
approximately 21 South Texas onion handlers, most of whom also import
onions from Mexico. The commenter added that the association has
numerous members who only handle imported produce, including white
onions. The commenter noted further that in the modern competitive
produce market, consumers must be provided with the best quality
produce available.
A comment was also received from the European Commission, Brussels,
Belgium, on behalf of the European Community. That comment stated that
the proposal aims at increasing the minimum diameter size requirement
for imported onions from 2.54 to 2.79 centimeters for the period June 5
through March 9 of each year, and objected to such action. However, the
Committee's recommendation was to increase the minimum grade for Idaho-
Eastern Oregon white onions during the period June 5 through March 9
from U.S. No. 2 to U.S. No. 1, and did not include a modification to
the minimum diameter size itself, which continues to be 1 inch or 2.54
centimeters.
In conjunction with the issuance of the advance notice and request
for comment, the Texas Cooperative Inspection Program monitored white
onions imported from Mexico during the period December 1, 1997, through
March 9, 1998. This process was conducted at the request of the AMS to
determine the quantity of imported white onions potentially impacted by
the Committee's recommendation. An analysis of the information provided
by the Inspection Program indicates that approximately 98 percent of
the white onions imported from Mexico during the test period met U.S.
No. 1 grade. The balance of the imported white onions during this
period either met U.S. Commercial grade or failed to meet the minimum
of U.S. No. 2 grade. There were no U.S. No. 2 grade white onions
imported from Mexico during this period. During the test period, a
total of 1,006,279 50-pound containers were offered for importation. A
total of 948,069 50-pound containers graded U.S. No. 1, 11,427 50-pound
containers graded U.S. Commercial, and 10,783 50-pound containers
failed to meet the current minimum grade requirement of U.S. No. 2.
Five comments were also received in regard to the proposed rule (63
FR 36194). Comments were received from the South Texas Onion Committee,
two Texas produce marketing firms, and two Texas producers. All five
commenters expressed support for the proposal. Furthermore, each
commenter expressed the view that the increase in
[[Page 55783]]
the minimum grade for Idaho-Eastern Oregon white onions will not have a
negative impact on small entities, and that the change will in fact
assist producers from all growing regions in providing better quality
white onions to consumers.
Accordingly, based on the comments received, no changes will be
made to the rule as proposed, except for non-substantive format changes
to conform to the current scheme in Sec. 958.328.
Idaho-Eastern Oregon onion handlers have just begun shipping 1998-
99 crop white onions, and they want to accrue the benefits anticipated.
The Department understands that very little modification must be made
to existing packing equipment and sorting procedures by domestic
handlers and exporters/importers to meet the new grade requirement.
However, sufficient time must be provided for the Idaho-Eastern Oregon
and import onion industries to comply with the new grade requirement
and to allow white onions already picked and packed, and certified as
meeting the lower minimum grade requirements to be shipped. To allow
this to occur and to allow handlers and exporters time to adjust their
sorting and packing lines to meet the higher grade, the Department has
decided that the effective date of this action should be November 9,
1998. This effective date is reasonable and will allow both the
domestic and imported onion industries sufficient time to adjust to the
new grade requirement and to ship any onions that are already picked
and packed.
In view of all of the foregoing, the Department has concluded that
the increase in the minimum grade requirement to U.S. No. 1 will
advance the interests of the Idaho-Eastern Oregon and foreign onion
industries and should be implemented.
In accordance with the section 8e of the Act, the United States
Trade Representative has concurred with the issuance of this final
rule.
After consideration of all relevant matter presented, including the
information and recommendation submitted by the Committee, the comments
received, and other available information, it is hereby found that this
rule, as hereinafter set forth, will tend to effectuate the declared
policy of the Act.
It is further found that good cause exists for not postponing the
effective date of this rule until 30 days after publication in the
Federal Register (5 U.S.C. 553) because: (1) Idaho-Eastern Oregon onion
handlers are aware of this action, which was unanimously recommended by
the Committee, and are prepared to comply with the new grade
requirement; (2) Handlers, exporters, importers, and other interested
persons were given an opportunity to provide input through the advance
notice of proposed rulemaking and the proposed rule; (3) the grade
increase needs to be in place to cover the balance of the 1998-99 white
onion shipping season so that the Idaho-Eastern Oregon onion industry
can take advantage of the anticipated benefits; and (4) an adequate
amount of time has been provided for handlers and importers to adjust
their packing and sorting lines to meet the higher grade requirement.
List of Subjects in 7 CFR Part 958
Marketing agreements, Onions, Reporting and recordkeeping
requirements.
For the reasons set forth in the preamble, 7 CFR part 958 is
amended as follows:
PART 958--ONIONS GROWN IN CERTAIN DESIGNATED COUNTIES IN IDAHO, AND
MALHEUR COUNTY, OREGON
1. The authority citation for 7 CFR part 958 continues to read as
follows:
Authority: 7 U.S.C. 601-674.
2. Section 958.328 is amended by revising paragraph (a)(1) to read
as follows:
Sec. 958.328 Handling Regulations.
* * * * *
(a) Grade and Size requirements--(1) White varieties. Shall be
either:
(i) U.S. No. 1, 1 inch minimum to 2 inches maximum diameter; or
(ii) U.S. No. 1, at least 1\1/2\ inches minimum diameter. However,
neither of these two categories of onions may be commingled in the same
bag or other container.
* * * * *
Dated: October 13, 1998.
Robert C. Keeney,
Deputy Administrator, Fruit and Vegetable Programs.
[FR Doc. 98-27892 Filed 10-16-98; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 3410-02-P
