[Federal Register Volume 64, Number 22 (Wednesday, February 3, 1999)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 5556-5560]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 99-1608]
[[Page 5555]]
_______________________________________________________________________
Part IV
Department of Transportation
_______________________________________________________________________
Federal Aviation Administration
_______________________________________________________________________
14 CFR Part 34
Emission Standards for Turbine Engine Powered Airplanes; Final Rule
Federal Register / Vol. 64, No. 22 / Wednesday, February 3, 1999 /
Rules and Regulations
[[Page 5556]]
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
Federal Aviation Administration
14 CFR Part 34
[Docket No. FAA-1999-5018; Amendment No. 34-3]
RIN 2120-AG68
Emission Standards for Turbine Engine Powered Airplanes
AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT.
ACTION: Final rule.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY: This document revises the emission standards for turbine
engine powered airplanes to incorporate the current standards of the
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) for gaseous emissions
of oxides of nitrogen (NoX) and carbon monoxide (CO), and to
adopt revised test procedures for gaseous emissions. This rule will
bring the United States emissions standards into alignment with the
standards of ICAO. Because, this rule is consistent with international
standards, an emission certification test that meets U.S. requirements
will meet ICAO requirements.
EFFECTIVE DATE: February 3, 1999.
The incorporation by reference of the publication listed in the
rule is approved by the director of the Federal Register February 3,
1999.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Mr. Edward McQueen, Research and
Engineering Branch (AEE-110), Office of Environment and Energy, Federal
Aviation Administration, 800 Independence Avenue, SW., Washington, DC
20591, telephone (202) 267-3560.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Availability of Final Rules
An electronic copy of this document may be downloaded, using a
modem and suitable communications software, from the FAA regulations
section of the Fedworld electronic bulletin board service (telephone:
703-321-3339), the Government Printing Office's electronic bulletin
board service (telephone: 202-512-1661), or the FAA's Aviation
Rulemaking Advisory Committee Bulletin Board service (telephone 800-
322-2722 or 202-267-5948).
Internet users may reach the FAA's web page at http://www.faa.gov/
avr/arm/nprm/nprm.htm or the Government Printing Office's webpage at
http://www.access.gpo.gov/nara/aces/aces140.html for access to recently
published rulemaking documents.
Any person may obtain a copy of this final rule by submitting a
request to the Federal Aviation Administration Office of Rulemaking,
ARM-1, 800 Independence Avenue, SW., Washington, DC 20591, or by
calling (202) 267-9680. Communications must identify the amendment
number or docket number of this final rule.
Persons interested in being placed on the mailing list for future
Notices of Proposed Rulemaking and Final Rules should request from the
above office a copy of Advisory Circular No. 11-2A, Notice of Proposed
Rulemaking Distribution System, that describes the application
procedure.
Small Entity Inquiries
The Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996
(SBREFA) requires the FAA to report inquiries from small entities
concerning information on, and advice about, compliance with statutes
and regulations within the FAA's jurisdiction, including interpretation
and application of the law to specific sets of facts supplied by a
small entity.
If you are a small entity and have a question concerning this rule,
contact your local FAA official. If you do not know how to contact your
local FAA official, you may contact Charlene Brown, Program Analyst
Staff, Office of Rulemaking, ARM-27, Federal Aviation Administration,
800 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20591, 1-888-551-1594.
Internet users can find additional information on SBREFA in the ``Quick
Jump'' section of the FAA's web page at http://www.faa.gov and may send
electronic inquiries to the following Internet address: 9-AWA-
[email protected]
Background
Section 232 of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1970 (the Act), 42
U.S.C. 7401 et. seq., requires the Federal Aviation Administrations
(FAA) to issue regulations that ensure compliance with all aircraft
emission standards promulgated by the Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) under Section 231 of the Act. The EPA has promulgated standards
for engine fuel venting emissions, engine smoke emissions, and exhaust
gaseous emissions of unburned hydrocarbons (HC), oxides of nitrogen
NOX, and carbon monoxide (CO). These emission standards are
prescribed in 40 CFR part 87.
Since the promulgation of the initial U.S. standards in 1973 by the
EPA, the FAA has worked with the International Civil Aviation
Organization (ICAO) on the development of international aircraft engine
exhaust emissions standards for NOX, CO, HC, and smoke (SN).
Currently, the FAA regulations governing aircraft engine exhaust
emissions do not include NOX and CO. This rule amends 14 CFR
Part 34 to add the standards for NOX and CO that were
adopted by the EPA in July 1997.
Analysis of the Rule as Adopted
Section 34.1
Section 34.1 is amended by expanding the definition of Class TF so
that it would apply to new engine development programs such as propfan,
unducted fan, and advanced ducted propfan (ADP) engines.
Section 34.2
Section 34.2 is amended by adding the abbreviations for Carbon
Monoxide (CO) and Oxides of Nitrogen (NOX), the two
emissions standards being added to the regulations.
Section 34.21(d), (d)(1), and (e)(3)
In section 34.21, paragraphs (d), (d)(1) and (e)(3) are being
amended to add CO and NOX standards for exhaust emissions as
requirements for newly manufactured aircraft gas turbine engines of
rated thrust greater than 26.7 Kilonewtons (kN). This change will make
U.S. and international emissions standards and test procedures
compatible.
Section 34.60(c)
Section 34.60(c) is amended to require a NOX measurement
as part of the test procedures for engine exhaust gaseous emissions.
This change is necessary to provide the data from which compliance with
the new NOX standard may be demonstrated.
Section 34.61
Section 34.61 is amended by adjusting the allowable ranges of
values in the properties of the fuel specifications to be used in
aircraft turbine engine emission testing. This change will allow a
wider band of test fuel acceptability without degradation in emission
data quality and make U.S. and international emissions standards and
test procedures compatible.
Section 34.62(a)(2)
Section 34.62(a)(2) is amended by adding CO emissions to the taxi/
idle operating modes of the test procedure. This change is necessitated
by the addition of the CO standard, and will make U.S. international
emissions test procedures for engine exhaust gaseous emissions
compatible.
Section 34.64
Section 34.64 is amended by incorporating by reference the most
[[Page 5557]]
recent version of ICAO Annex 16, Environmental Protection, Volume II,
Aircraft Engine Emissions, Second Edition, July 1993. Appendices 3 and
5 of this document specify the system and procedures for sampling and
measurement of gaseous emissions. This change is necessitated by the
addition of the CO and NOX standards, and will make U.S. and
international emissions test procedures for engine exhaust gaseous
emissions compatible.
Section 34.71
Section 34.71 is amended by incorporating by reference the most
recent version of ICAO Annex 16, Environmental Protection, Volume II,
Aircraft Engine Emissions, Second Edition, dated July 1993. Appendices
3 and 5 of this document specify the system and procedures for sampling
and measurement of gaseous emissions. This change is necessitated by
the addition of the CO and NOX standards, and will make U.S.
and international emissions test procedures for engine exhaust gaseous
emissions compatible.
Section 34.82
Section 34.82 is amended by incorporating by reference the most
recent version of ICAO Annex 16, Environmental Protection, Volume II,
Aircraft Engine Emissions, Second Edition, dated July 1993. Appendices
3 and 5 of this document specify the system and procedures for sampling
and measurement of smoke emissions. This change will make U.S. and
international emissions test procedures for engine smoke emissions
compatible.
Section 34.89
Section 34.89 is amended by incorporating by reference the most
recent version of ICAO Annex 16, Environmental Protection, Volume II,
Aircraft Engine Emissions, Second Edition, dated July 1993. Appendices
3 and 5 of this document specify the system and procedures for sampling
and measurement of smoke emissions. This change will make U.S. and
international emissions test procedures for engine smoke emissions
compatible.
Paperwork Reduction Act
There are no requirements for information collection associated
with this final rule; accordingly, no analysis under the Paperwork
Reduction Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C. 3507(d)) is required.
International Compatibility
The FAA has reviewed corresponding International Civil Aviation
Organization standards and recommended practices and Joint Aviation
Airworthiness Authorities requirements and has identified no
differences in these amendments and the foreign regulations. These
changes are intended to make the U.S. and international standards more
compatible.
Regulatory Evaluation Summary
Proposed and final rule changes to Federal regulations must undergo
several economic analyses. First, Executive Order 12866 directs that
each Federal agency shall propose or adopt a regulation only upon a
reasoned determination that the benefits of the intended regulation
justify its costs. Second, the Regulatory Flexibility Act of 1980
requires agencies to analyze the economic effect of regulatory changes
on small entities. Third, the Office of Management and Budget directs
agencies to assess the effect of regulatory changes on international
trade. Finally, Public Law 104-4 requires federal agencies to assess
the impact of any federal mandates on state, local, tribal governments,
and the private sector.
In conducting these analyses, the Federal Aviation Administration
(FAA) has determined that the final rule will generate benefits that
justify its costs and is not ``a significant regulatory action'' as
defined under section 3(f) of Executive Order 12866 and Department of
Transportation Regulatory Policies and Procedures (44 FR 11034,
February 26, 1979). The final rule will not have a significant impact
on a substantial number of small entities and will not constitute a
barrier to international trade. In addition, this final rule does not
contain any Federal intergovernmental mandates, but does contain a
private sector mandate. However, because expenditures by the private
sector will not exceed $100 million annually, the requirements of Title
II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 do not apply.
Overview
In July, 1997, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) amended
existing United States regulations governing the exhaust emissions from
new commercial gas turbine aircraft engines. Under authority of section
231 of the Clean Air Act (the Act), the EPA promulgated new emission
standards for oxides of nitrogen (NOX) and carbon monoxide
(CO) for newly manufactured and newly certified commercial gas turbine
aircraft engines. The EPA action codified the NOX and CO
emission standards of the United Nations International Civil Aviation
Organization (ICAO). As a result, U.S. emission standards are in
alignment with internationally adopted standards.
This final rule amends Part 34 of Title 14 of the Code of Federal
Regulations (14 CFR Part 34) to ensure that it contains the same
aircraft emission standards as those promulgated by the EPA in 40 CFR
Part 87. A full regulatory evaluation of the potential monetary costs
that would be imposed and benefits generated (including separate
analyses for regulatory flexibility, international trade impact, and
unfunded mandates) is usually prepared for FAA rulemaking actions.
However, this regulation brings FAA rules into conformity with EPA
rules, which have already been issued. Therefore, a full regulatory
evaluation is unwarranted because the FAA is not imposing a new rule on
the aviation industry, and any costs associated with these changes have
been accounted for by the EPA rule (62 FR 25356, May 8, 1997). Thus,
for the aforementioned reason, an abbreviated regulatory evaluation has
been prepared for this final rule, which will serve as both the summary
and full regulatory evaluation.
Costs
On July 7, 1997, EPA issued a final rule amending regulations
governing the exhaust emissions from aircraft and aircraft engines,
emission standards, and test procedures. The EPA estimated that their
action will impose no additional burden on manufacturers. This final
rule puts forth the FAA's responsibility to enforce the EPA's revised
emission standards.
Aircraft manufacturers and affected aircraft parts manufacturers
are currently meeting the NOX and CO emission standards that
EPA adopted. Therefore, the FAA has determined that because the
emission test procedures are widely applied and accepted, little or no
costs will be incurred by the aviation industry as a result of the
FAA's action.
Benefits
This final rule will ensure that the public receives the air
quality benefits established by the Clean Air Act. These certification
testing rules are consistent with ICAO's standards, and emission
certification test procedures. This harmonization of U.S. emission
requirements with ICAO emission requirements is expected to reduce
certificate testing requirements for newly manufactured aircraft
engines and could help the sale of U.S. aviation products abroad.
Regulatory Flexibility Determination
The Regulatory Flexibility Act of 1980 establishes ``as a principle
of regulatory
[[Page 5558]]
issuance that agencies shall endeavor, consistent with the objective of
the rule and of applicable statues, to fit regulatory and informational
requirements to the scale of the business, organizations, and
governmental jurisdictions subject to regulation.'' To achieve that
principal, the Act requires agencies to solicit and consider flexible
regulatory proposals and to explain the rational for their actions. The
Act covers a wide-range of small entities, including small businesses,
not-for-profit organizations and small governmental jurisdictions.
Agencies must perform a review to determine whether a proposed or
final rule will have a significant economic impact on a substantial
number of small entities. If the determination is that it will, the
agency must prepare a regulatory flexibility analysis (RFA) as
described in the Act.
However, if an agency determines that a proposed or final rule is
not expected to have a significant economic impact on a substantial
number of small entities, section 605(b) of the 1980 Act provides that
the head of the agency may so certify and a RFA is not required. The
certification must include a statement providing the factual basis for
this determination, and the reasoning should be clear. The rule
incorporates current ICAO standards already met by the impacted
aircraft manufacturers and aircraft parts manufacturers of commercial
gas turbine engines, this rule does not add additional cost to the
aviation industry. In addition, in July 1997, the EPA issued a final
rule amending regulations governing the exhaust emissions from aircraft
and aircraft engines, emission standards, and test procedures. This
final rule does not add any additional costs on the aviation industry.
This rule only puts forth the FAA's responsibility to enforce the EPA's
emission standards. Accordingly, the FAA certifies that this rule will
not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small
entities.
International Trade Impact Assessment
This final rule will not impose a competitive disadvantage to
either U.S. air carriers doing business abroad or foreign air carriers
doing business in the United States. However, it could positively
affect the sale of United States aviation products or services in
foreign countries due to the harmonization and consistency for
certification testing between United States and international emission
standards and control program requirements.
Federalism Implications
The regulations herein will not have substantial direct effects on
the states, on the relationship between the national government and the
states, or on the distribution accordance with Executive Order 12612,
it is determined that this rule will not have sufficient federalism
implications to warrant the preparation of a Federalism Assessment.
Unfunded Mandates Assessment
Title II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (the Act),
enacted as Pub. L. 104-4 on March 22, 1995, requires each Federal
agency, to the extent permitted by law, to prepare a written assessment
of the effects of any Federal mandate in a proposed or final agency
rule that may result in the expenditure by State, local, and tribal
governments, in the aggregate, or by the private sector, of $100
million or more (adjusted annually for inflation) in any one year.
Section 204(a) of the Act, 2 U.S.C. 1534(a), requires the Federal
agency to develop an effective process to permit timely input by
elected officers (or their designees) of State, local, and tribal
governments on a proposed ``significant intergovernmental mandate.'' A
``significant intergovernmental mandate'' under the Act is any
provision in a Federal agency regulation that would impose an
enforceable duty upon State, local, and tribal governments, in the
aggregate, of $100 million (adjusted annually for inflation) in any one
year. Section 203 of the Act, 2 U.S.C. 1533, which supplements section
204(a), provides that before establishing any regulatory requirements
that might significantly or uniquely affect small governments, the
agency shall have developed a plan that, among other things, provides
for notice to potentially affected small governments, if any, and for a
meaningful and timely opportunity to provide input in the development
of regulatory proposals.
This rule does not contain any Federal intergovernmental mandates,
but does contain a private sector mandate. Since expenditures by the
private sector will not exceed $100 million annually, as the result of
little or no costs imposed by this final rule, the requirements of
Title II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 do not apply.
Environmental Analysis
Pursuant to Department of Transportation, ``Policies and Procedures
for Considering Environmental Impacts'' (FAA Order 1050.1D, Appendix 7,
paragraph 4, Change 3, December 5, 1986), the FAA is categorically
excluded from providing an environmental analysis with regard to Part
34. It is mandated by law to issue regulations to ensure compliance
with the EPA aircraft emissions standards and the EPA has performed all
required environmental analyses prior to the issuance of those
standards.
Determination of Effective Date
This regulation is being promulgated as a final rule without notice
and opportunity for prior public comment. Since the regulations adopted
in this rule were adopted by the EPA in 1997 in 40 CFR part 87 and are
already required for aircraft engine certification under those
regulations, the FAA has determined that notice and prior public
comment are necessary. The FAA does not anticipate that a request for
public comment at this time would result in a receipt of useful
information. Opportunity for public comment was provided by the EPA,
and comments received were addressed by that agency.
For the same reason, the FAA has determined that good cause exists
for making this amendment effective in less than 30 days. Compliance
with these regulations has been required since their promulgation by
the EPA in 1997.
List of Subjects in 14 CFR Part 34
Air pollution control, Aircraft, Incorporation by reference.
The Amendment
In consideration of the foregoing, the Federal Aviation
Administration amends part 34 of Title 14, Code of Federal Regulations
(14 CFR part 34) as follows:
PART 34--FUEL VENTING AND EXHAUST EMISSION REQUIREMENTS FOR TURBINE
ENGINE POWERED AIRPLANES
1. The authority citation for part 34 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq., 7572; 49 U.S.C. 106(g),
40113, 44701-44702, 44704, 44714.
2. Section 34.1 is amended by revising the definition of ``Class
TF'', to read as follows:
Sec. 34.1 Definitions.
* * * * *
Class TF means all turbofan or turbojet aircraft engines or
aircraft engines designed for applications that otherwise would have
been fulfilled by turbojet and turbofan engines except engines of class
T3, T8, and TSS.
* * * * *
[[Page 5559]]
3. Section 34.2 is amended by adding the following abbreviations in
alphabetical order to read as follows:
Sec. 34.2 Abbreviations.
* * * * *
CO Carbon Monoxide
* * * * *
NOX Oxides of Nitrogen
* * * * *
Subpart C--Exhaust Emissions (New Aircraft Gas Turbine Engines)
4. Section 34.21 is amended by revising paragraphs (d) and (e)(3)
to read as follows:
Sec. 34.21 Standards for exhaust emissions.
* * * * *
(d) Gaseous exhaust emissions from each new aircraft gas turbine
engine shall not exceed:
(1) For Classes TF, T3, T8 engines greater than 26.7 kilonewtons
(6000 pounds) rated output:
(i) Engines manufactured on or after January 1, 1984:
Hydrocarbons: 19.6 grams/kilonewton r0.
(ii) Engines manufactured on or after July 7, 1997.
Carbon Monoxide: 118 grams/kilonewton r0.
(iii) Engines of a type or model of which the date of manufacture
of the first individual production model was on or before December 31,
1995, and for which the date of manufacture of the individual engine
was on or before December 31, 1999:
Oxides of Nitrogen: (40+2(rPR)) grams/kilonewtons r0.
(iv) Engines of a type or model of which the date of manufacture of
the first individual production model was after December 31, 1995, or
for which the date of manufacture of the individual engine was after
December 31, 1999:
Oxides of Nitrogen: (32+1.6 (rPR)) grams/kilonewtons r0.
(v) The emission standards prescribed in paragraphs (d)(1)(iii) and
(iv) of this section apply as prescribed beginning July 7, 1997.
(2) For Class TSS Engines manufactured on or after January 1, 1984:
Hydrocarbons=140 (0.92) rPR grams/kilonewtons r0.
(e) * * *
(3) For Class TP of rated output equal to or greater than 1,000
kilowatts manufactured on or after January 1, 1984:
SN=187(ro)-0.168 (ro is in kilowatts)
* * * * *
Subpart G--Test Procedures for Engine Exhaust Gaseous Emissions
(Aircraft and Aircraft Gas Turbine Engines)
5. Section 34.60 is amended by revising paragraph (c) to read as
follows:
Sec. 34.60 Introduction.
* * * * *
(c) The exhaust emission test is designed to measure concentrations
of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and oxides of
nitrogen, and to determine mass emissions through calculations during a
simulated aircraft landing-takeoff cycle (LTO). The LTO cycle is based
on time in mode data during high activity periods at major airports.
The test for propulsion engines consists of at least the following four
modes of engine operation: taxi/idle, takeoff, climbout, and approach.
The mass emission for the modes are combined to yield the reported
values.
* * * * *
6. Section 34.61 is revised to read as follows:
Sec. 34.61 Turbine fuel specifications.
For exhaust emission testing, fuel that meets the specifications
listed in this section shall be used. Additives used for the purpose of
smoke suppression (such as organometallic compounds) shall not be
present.
Specification for Fuel To Be Used in Aircraft Turbine Engine Emission
Testing
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Property Allowable range of values
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Density at 15 deg.C.................... 780-820.
Distillation Temperature, deg.C 10% 155-201.
Boiling Point.
Final Boiling Point.................... 235-285.
Net Heat of Combustion, MJ/Kg.......... 42.86-43.50.
Aromatics, Volume %.................... 15-23.
Naphthalenes, Volume %................. 1.0-3.5.
Smoke point, mm........................ 20-28.
Hydrogen, Mass %....................... 13.4-14.1.
Sulfur Mass %.......................... Less than 0.3%.
Kinematic viscosity at--20 deg. C, mm 2.5-6.5.
\2\ /sec.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
7. Section 34.62 is amended by revising paragraph (a)(2) to read as
follows:
Sec. 34.62 Test procedure (propulsion engines).
(a)(1) * * *
(2) The taxi/idle operating modes shall be carried out at a power
setting of 7% rated thrust unless the Administrator determines that the
unique characteristics of an engine model undergoing certification
testing at 7% would result in substantially different HC and CO
emissions than if the engine model were tested at the manufacturers
recommended idle power setting. In such cases the Administrator shall
specify an alternative test condition.
* * * * *
8. Section 34.64 is revised to read as follows:
Sec. 34.64 Sampling and analytical procedures for measuring gaseous
exhaust emissions.
The system and procedures for sampling and measurement of gaseous
emissions shall be as specified in Appendices 3 and 5 to the
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Annex 16,
Environmental Protection, Volume II, Aircraft Engine Emissions, Second
Edition, July 1993. This incorporation by reference was approved by the
Director of the Federal Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and
1 CFR part 51. This document can be obtained from the International
Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), Document Sales Unit, P.O. Box 400,
Succursale: Place de L'Aviation Internationale, 1000 Sherbrooke Street
West, Suite 400, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2R2. Copies may be
reviewed at the FAA Office of the Chief Counsel, Rules Docket, Room
916, Federal Aviation Administration Headquarters Building, 800
Independence Avenue, SW., Washington, DC, or at the FAA New England
Regional Office, 12 New England Executive Park, Burlington,
Massachusetts, or at the Office of Federal Register, 800 North Capitol
Street, NW., Suite 700, Washington, DC.
9. Section 34.71 is revised to read as follows:
Sec. 34.71 Compliance with gaseous emission standards.
Compliance with each gaseous emission standard by an aircraft
engine shall be determined by comparing the pollutant level in grams/
kilonewton/thrust/cycle or grams/kilowatt/cycle as calculated in
Sec. 34.64 with the applicable emission standard under this part. An
acceptable alternative to testing every engine is described in Appendix
6 to ICAO Annex 16, Environmental Protection, Volume II, Aircraft
Engine Emissions, Second Edition, July 1993, effective March 20, 1997.
This incorporation by reference was approved by the Director of the
Federal Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51.
This document can be obtained from, and copies may be reviewed at, the
[[Page 5560]]
respective addresses listed in Sec. 34.64. Other methods of
demonstrating compliance may be approved by the FAA Administrator with
the concurrence of the Administrator of the EPA.
10. Section 34.82 is revised to read as follows:
Sec. 34.82 Sampling and analytical procedures for measuring smoke
exhaust emissions.
The system and procedures for sampling and measurement of smoke
emissions shall be as specified in Appendix 2 to ICAO Annex 16, Volume
II, Environmental Protection, Aircraft Engine Emissions, Second
Edition, July 1993. This incorporation by reference was approved by the
Director of the Federal Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and
1 CFR part 51. This document can be obtained from, and copies may be
reviewed at, the respective addresses listed in Sec. 34.64.
11. Section 34.89 is revised to read as follows:
Sec. 34.89 Compliance with smoke emission standards.
Compliance with each smoke emission standard shall be determined by
comparing the plot of SN as a function of power setting with the
applicable emission standard under this part. The SN at every power
setting must be such that there is a high degree of confidence that the
standard will not be exceeded by any engine of the model being tested.
An acceptable alternative to testing every engine is described in
Appendix 6 to ICAO Annex 16, Environmental Protection, Volume II,
Aircraft Engine Emissions, Second Edition, July 1993. This
incorporation by reference was approved by the Director of the Federal
Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. This
document can be obtained from the address listed in Sec. 34.64. Other
methods of demonstrating compliance may be approved by the
Administrator with the concurrence of the Administrator of the EPA.
Issued in Washington, DC, on January 20, 1999.
Jane F. Garvey,
Administrator.
[FR Doc. 99-1608 Filed 2-2-99; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4910-13-M
