2023-01726. Civil Penalties; 2023 Inflation Adjustments for Civil Monetary Penalties

AGENCY:

Fish and Wildlife Service, Interior.

ACTION:

Final rule.

SUMMARY:

The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service or we) is issuing this final rule, in accordance with the Federal Civil Penalties Inflation Adjustment Act Improvements Act of 2015 (Inflation Adjustment Act) and Office of Management and Budget (OMB) guidance, to adjust for inflation the statutory civil monetary penalties that may be assessed for violations of Service-administered statutes and their implementing regulations. We are required to adjust civil monetary penalties annually for inflation according to a formula specified in the Inflation Adjustment Act. This rule replaces the previously issued amounts with the updated amounts after using the 2023 inflation adjustment multiplier provided in the OMB guidance.

DATES:

This rule is effective January 30, 2023.

ADDRESSES:

This rule may be found on the internet at https://www.regulations.gov in Docket No. FWS-HQ-LE-2022-0176.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:

Douglas Ault, Special Agent in Charge, Headquarters Investigations Unit, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Office of Law Enforcement, [phone]. Individuals in the United States who are deaf, deafblind, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability may dial 711 (TTY, TDD, or TeleBraille) to access telecommunications relay services. Individuals outside the United States should use the relay services offered within their country to make international calls to the point-of-contact in the United States.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Background

The regulations in title 50 of the Code of Federal Regulations at 50 CFR part 11 provide uniform rules and procedures for the assessment of civil penalties resulting from violations of certain laws and regulations enforced by the Service.

The Federal Civil Penalties Inflation Adjustment Act Improvements Act of 2015 (sec. 701 of Pub. L. 114-74) (Inflation Adjustment Act) required Federal agencies to adjust the level of civil monetary penalties with an initial “catch up” adjustment through rulemaking and then make subsequent annual adjustments for inflation. The purpose of these adjustments is to maintain the deterrent effect of civil penalties and to further the policy goals of the underlying statutes.

Under section 4 of the Federal Civil Penalties Inflation Adjustment Act of 1990, 28 U.S.C. 2461 note, as amended by the Inflation Adjustment Act, each Federal agency is required to issue regulations adjusting for inflation the statutory civil monetary penalties (civil penalties) that can be imposed under the laws administered by that agency. The Inflation Adjustment Act provided that the initial “catch up adjustment” take effect no later than August 1, 2016, followed by subsequent adjustments to be made no later than January 15 every year thereafter. This final rule adjusts the civil penalty amounts that may be imposed pursuant to each statutory provision beginning on the date specified above in DATES .

On June 28, 2016, the Service published in the Federal Register an interim rule that revised 50 CFR part 11 (81 FR 41862) to carry out the Inflation Adjustment Act. The Service subsequently published a final rule to that interim rule on December 23, 2016 (81 FR 94274). The Service has published final rules every year thereafter, further adjusting the civil penalty amounts in 50 CFR 11.33 per OMB guidance:

• 82 FR 6307, January 19, 2017;
• 83 FR 5950, February 12, 2018;

• 84 FR 15525, April 16, 2019;

• 85 FR 10310, February 24, 2020;
• 86 FR 15427, March 23, 2021; and
• 87 FR 13948, March 11, 2022.

This final rule adjusts the civil monetary penalty amounts that were listed in the 2022 final rule and subsequently codified at 50 CFR 11.33 by using the 2023 inflation multiplier provided to all Federal agencies by OMB (see below).

OMB issued a memorandum, M-23-05, entitled “Implementation of Penalty Inflation Adjustments for 2023, Pursuant to the Federal Civil Penalties Inflation Adjustment Act Improvements Act of 2015,” which provides the cost-of-living adjustment multiplier for 2023: 1.07745. Therefore, we multiplied each penalty in the table in 50 CFR 11.33 by 1.07745 to obtain the 2023 annual adjustment. The new amounts are reflected in the table in the rule portion of this document and replace the current amounts in 50 CFR 11.33.

Required Determinations

In addition, in this final rule, we affirm the required determinations we made in the June 28, 2016, interim rule (81 FR 41862); for descriptions of our actions to ensure compliance with the following statutes and Executive Orders, see that rule:

• National Environmental Policy Act (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.);

• Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.);

• Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act (5 U.S.C. 804(2));

• Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.);

• Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (2 U.S.C. 1501 et seq.);

• Executive Orders 12630, 12866, 12988, 13132, 13175, 13211, and 13563.

Administrative Procedure Act

As stated above, under section 4 of the Federal Civil Penalties Inflation Adjustment Act of 1990, 28 U.S.C. 2461 note, as amended by the Inflation Adjustment Act, Public Law 114-74, 129 Stat. 584 (2015), each Federal agency is required to issue regulations adjusting for inflation the statutory civil monetary penalties that can be imposed under the laws administered by that agency. The Inflation Adjustment Act provided for an initial “catch up adjustment” to take effect no later than August 1, 2016, followed by subsequent adjustments to be made no later than January 15 every year thereafter. This final rule adjusts the civil penalty amounts that may be imposed pursuant to each statutory provision beginning on the effective date of this rule. To comply with the Inflation Adjustment Act, we are issuing these regulations as a final rule.

Section 553(b) of the Administrative Procedure Act (5 U.S.C. 551 et seq.) provides that, when an agency for good cause finds that notice and public procedure are impracticable, unnecessary, or contrary to the public interest, the agency may issue a rule without providing notice and an opportunity for prior public comment. The Service finds that providing for public comment before issuing this rule is unnecessary as this rulemaking is a nondiscretionary action. The Service is required to publish this rule in order to update the civil penalty amounts by the specified formula described above. The Service has no discretion to vary the amount of the adjustment to reflect any views or suggestions provided by commenters. Since this update to the March 11, 2022, final rule (87 FR 13948) is merely ministerial, we find that pre-publication notice and public comment with respect to the revisions set forth in this rule is unnecessary. We also believe that we have good cause under 5 U.S.C. 553(d) to make this rule effective upon publication to meet the statutory deadline imposed by the Inflation Adjustment Act.

List of Subjects in 50 CFR Part 11

• Administrative practice and procedure
• Exports
• Fish
• Imports
• Penalties
• Plants
• Transportation
• Wildlife

Regulation Promulgation

For the reasons described above, we amend part 11, subchapter B of chapter I, title 50 of the Code of Federal Regulations as set forth below.

PART 11—CIVIL PROCEDURES

1. The authority citation for part 11 continues to read as follows:

Authority: 16 U.S.C. 470aa-470mm, 470aaa-470aaa-11, 668-668d, 1361-1384, 1401-1407, 1531-1544, 3371-3378, 4201-4245, 4901-4916, 5201-5207, 5301-5306; 18 U.S.C. 42-43; 25 U.S.C. 3001-3013; and Sec. 107, Pub. L. 114-74, 129 Stat. 599, unless otherwise noted.

2. Amend § 11.33 by revising paragraphs (a) through (h) in the table to read as follows:

§ 11.33

Adjustments to penalties.

* * * * *

Law	Citation	Type of violation	Maximum civil monetary penalty
(a) African Elephant Conservation Act	16 U.S.C. 4224(b)	Any violation	$12,397
(b) Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act	16 U.S.C. 668(b)	Any violation	15,662
(c) Endangered Species Act of 1973	16 U.S.C. 1540(a)(1)	(1) Knowing violation of section 1538 (2) Other knowing violation (3) Any other violation	61,982 29,751 1,566
(d) Lacey Act Amendments of 1981	16 U.S.C. 3373(a)	(1) Violations referred to in 16 U.S.C. 3373(a)(1) (2) Violations referred to in 16 U.S.C. 3373(a)(2)	31,326 783
(e) Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972	16 U.S.C. 1375	Any violation	31,326
(f) Recreational Hunting Safety Act of 1994	16 U.S.C. 5202(b)	(1) Violation involving use of force or violence or threatened use of force or violence (2) Any other violation	19,933 9,966
(g) Rhinoceros and Tiger Conservation Act of 1998	16 U.S.C. 5305a(b)(2)	Any violation	21,805
(h) Wild Bird Conservation Act	16 U.S.C. 4912(a)(1)	(1) Violation of section 4910(a)(1), section 4910(a)(2), or any permit issued under section 4911 (2) Violation of section 4910(a)(3) (3) Any other violation	52,540 25,218 1,052

Shannon A. Estenoz,

Assistant Secretary for Fish and Wildlife and Parks.