[Federal Register Volume 59, Number 9 (Thursday, January 13, 1994)]
[Unknown Section]
[Page 0]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 94-19]
[[Page Unknown]]
[Federal Register: January 13, 1994]
Subpart D--Drainage of Weather Decks
Sec. 178.410 Drainage of flush deck vessels.
(a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, the
weather deck on a flush deck vessel must be watertight and have no
obstruction to overboard drainage.
(b) Each flush deck vessel may have solid bulwarks in the forward
one-third length of the vessel if:
(1) The bulwarks do not form a well enclosed on all sides; and
(2) The foredeck of the vessel has sufficient sheer to ensure
drainage aft.
Sec. 178.420 Drainage of cockpit vessels.
(a) Except as follows, the cockpit on a cockpit vessel must be
watertight:
(1) A cockpit may have companionways if the companionway openings
have watertight doors, or weathertight doors and coamings which meet
Sec. 179.360 of this subchapter.
(2) A cockpit may have ventilation openings along its inner
periphery if the vessel operates only on protected or partially
protected waters.
(b) The cockpit deck of a cockpit vessel that operates on exposed
or partially protected waters must be at least 10 inches above the
deepest load waterline unless the vessel complies with:
(1) The intact stability requirements of Secs. 170.170, 170.173,
171.050, 171.055, and 171.057 of this chapter;
(2) The Type II subdivision requirements in Secs. 171.070, 171.072,
and 171.073 of this chapter; and
(3) The damage stability requirements in Sec. 171.080 of this
chapter.
(c) The cockpit deck of a cockpit vessel that does not operate on
exposed or partially protected waters must be located as high above the
deepest load waterline as practicable.
(d) The cockpit must be self-bailing. Scuppers for the cockpit deck
of a cockpit vessel must:
(1) Be located to allow rapid clearing of water in all probable
conditions of list and trim;
(2) Have a combined drainage area of at least the area required by
Sec. 178.450; and
(3) If the deck is less than 10 inches above the deepest load
waterline of the vessel, be fitted with non-return valves.
Sec. 178.430 Drainage of well deck vessels.
(a) The weather deck on a well deck vessel must be watertight.
(b) The area required on a well deck vessel for drainage of the
well formed by the bulwarks must be determined as required by this
paragraph.
(1) If a vessel operates on exposed or partially protected waters,
it must have at least 100 percent of the drainage area required by
Sec. 178.450.
(2) If a vessel operates only on protected or partially protected
waters, it must have at least 50 percent of drainage area required by
Sec. 178.450 if the vessel meets the following requirements for a
vessel that operates on exposed waters:
(i) The intact stability requirements of Secs. 170.170, 170.173,
171.050, 171.055 and 171.057 of this chapter;
(ii) The Type II subdivision requirements of Secs. 171.070,
171.072, and 171.073 of this chapter; and
(iii) The damage stability requirements of Sec. 171.080 of this
chapter.
(c) The freeing ports or scuppers on a well deck vessel must be
located to allow rapid clearing of water in all probable conditions of
list and trim.
(d) The deck of a well deck vessel that operates on exposed or
partially protected waters must be at least 10 inches above the deepest
load waterline unless the vessel complies with:
(1) The intact stability requirements of Secs. 170.170, 170.173,
171.050, 171.055, and 171.057 of this chapter;
(2) The Type II subdivision requirements in Secs. 171.070, 171.072,
and 171.073 of this chapter; and
(3) The damage stability requirements in Sec. 171.080 of this
chapter.
Sec. 178.440 Drainage of open boats.
The deck within the hull of an open boat must drain to the bilge.
Overboard drainage of the deck is not permitted.
Sec. 178.450 Calculation of drainage area for cockpit and well deck
vessels.
The drainage area required on a vessel must be computed using the
following formula:
Required drainage area in inch2=Volume Factor x Effective Deck
Area where:
Volume Factor=0.1 for all vessels operating on protected waters, or
=0.8b2/(b+f-K), but not less than 0.1, for all vessels
operating on exposed and partially protected waters, where:
b=average height in feet of the bulwark above the deck;
f=height of the freeboard above the deepest waterline in feet as
determined in accordance with Sec. 178.330(h); and K=3.0 feet for
vessels operating on exposed waters and 2.0 feet for vessels
operating on partially protected waters; and
Effective Deck Area=D-H
Where:
D=total deck area of the cockpit or well deck measured in
feet2, including the deck area of the superstructure; and
H=any area of weathertight superstructure within the cockpit or
well deck area which meets the requirements of Sec. 179.360 of this
subchapter, measured in feet2 which extends vertically at least
as high as the deck in which the cockpit is located or the top of
the bulwark which forms the well.
Subpart E--Special Installations
Sec. 178.510 Ballast.
(a) Any solid fixed ballast used to comply with the requirements of
parts 170, 171, 178, and 179 of this chapter must be:
(1) Stowed in a manner that prevents shifting of the ballast; and
(2) Installed to the satisfaction of the cognizant OCMI.
(b) Solid fixed ballast may not be located forward of the collision
bulkhead unless the installation and arrangement of the ballast and the
collision bulkhead minimizes the risk of the ballast penetrating the
bulkhead in a collision.
(c) Solid fixed ballast may not be removed from a vessel or
relocated unless approved by the cognizant OCMI except that ballast may
be temporarily moved for a vessel examination or repair if it is
replaced to the satisfaction of the OCMI.
(d) Water ballast, either as an active system or permanent, must be
approved by the Commanding Officer, Marine Safety Center.
PART 179--SUBDIVISION, DAMAGE STABILITY AND WATERTIGHT INTEGRITY
REQUIREMENT
Subpart A--General Provision
Sec.
179.115 Applicability to existing vessels.
Subpart B--Subdivision and Damage Stability Requirements
179.210 Collision bulkhead.
179.212 Watertight bulkheads for subdivision.
179.220 Location of watertight bulkheads for subdivision.
179.230 Damage stability requirements.
179.240 Foam flotation material.
Subpart C--Watertight Integrity Requirements
179.310 Collision bulkheads.
179.320 Watertight bulkheads.
179.330 Watertight doors.
179.340 Trunks.
179.350 Openings in the side of a vessel below the bulkhead or
weather deck.
179.360 Watertight integrity.
Authority: 43 U.S.C. 1333; 46 U.S.C. 2103, 3306, 3703; E.O.
12234, 45 FR 58801, 3 CFR, 1980 Comp., p.277; 49 CFR 1.46.
Subpart A--General Provisions
Sec. 179.115 Applicability to existing vessels.
An existing vessel must comply with the subdivision, damage
stability, and watertight integrity regulations which were applicable
to the vessel on [date of the day before the effective date of the
final rule] or, as an alternative, the vessel may comply with the
regulations in this part.
Subpart B--Subdivision and Damage Stability Requirements
Sec. 179.210 Collision bulkhead.
(a) A vessel of more than 65 feet in length must have a collision
bulkhead.
(b) A vessel of not more than 65 feet in length must have a
collision bulkhead if it:
(1) Carries more than 49 passengers;
(2) Operates on exposed waters; or
(3) Is of more than 40 feet in length and operates on partially
protected waters.
(c) A double-ended ferry required to have a collision bulkhead must
have a collision bulkhead at each end of the vessel.
Sec. 179.212 Watertight bulkheads for subdivision.
(a) A vessel of not more than 65 feet in length, carrying more than
49 passengers, must comply with Sec. 179.220, except that, if designed
to comply with the intact stability requirements of Secs. 170.170,
170.173, 171.050 and 171.055 of this chapter, the vessel must comply
with the Type II subdivision requirements of Secs. 171.070 through
171.073 of this chapter.
(b) A vessel of more than 65 feet in length must comply with the
Type II subdivision requirements of Secs. 171.070 through 171.073 of
this chapter.
(c) A vessel that carries more than 12 passengers on an
international voyage must meet the Type II subdivision requirements of
Secs. 171.070 through 171.073 of this chapter.
Sec. 179.220 Location of watertight bulkheads for subdivision.
(a) The maximum distance between adjacent main transverse
watertight bulkheads on a vessel, required by Sec. 179.212(a) to comply
with this section, must not be more than the smaller of the following:
(1) One third of the length of the bulkhead deck; or
(2) The distance given by the following equation:
l=((F)(f)(L))/D
Where:
l=the maximum length of the bulkhead deck in feet between adjacent
main transverse watertight bulkheads;
f=the effective freeboard in feet calculated for each pair of
adjacent bulkheads in accordance with paragraph (b) of this section;
L=vessel length in feet;
F=the floodable length factor from Table 179.220.
D=the depth in feet, measured amidships at a point one-quarter of
the maximum beam out from the centerline, from the inside of the
bottom planking or plating to the level of the top of the bulkhead
deck at side as shown in Figure 179.220(a).
Table 179.220--Table of Floodable Length Factors
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(d/L) x 100 F
------------------------------------------------------------------------
0-15.......................................................... 0.33
20............................................................ 0.34
25............................................................ 0.36
30............................................................ 0.38
35............................................................ 0.43
40............................................................ 0.48
45............................................................ 0.54
50............................................................ 0.61
55............................................................ 0.63
60............................................................ 0.58
65............................................................ 0.53
70............................................................ 0.48
75............................................................ 0.44
80............................................................ 0.40
85............................................................ 0.37
90-100........................................................ 0.34
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) Where:
d=distance in feet from the midpoint of the compartment to the
forwardmost point on the bulkhead deck excluding sheer.
L=vessel length in feet measured over the bulkhead deck.
(2) Intermediate values of floodable length factor may be
obtained by interpolation.
BILLING CODE 4910-14-P
TP13JA94.006
BILLING CODE 4910-14-C
(b) The effective freeboard for each compartment is calculated by
the following equation: f=(a+b)/2
Where:
f=the effective freeboard in feet.
a=the freeboard in feet measured:
(1) At the forward main transverse watertight bulkhead; and
(2) From the deepest waterline to:
(i) The top of the bulkhead deck on a flush deck vessel; or
(ii) If a vessel has a stepped bulkhead deck, the line shown in
Figure 179.220(b); or
(iii) If a vessel has an opening port light below the bulkhead
deck, the line shown in Figure 179.220(c).
b=the freeboard in feet measured:
(1) At the aft main transverse watertight bulkhead; and
(2) From the deepest waterline to:
(i) The top of the bulkhead deck on a flush deck vessel; or
(ii) If a vessel has a stepped bulkhead deck, the line shown in
Figure 179.220(b)(1); or
(iii) If a vessel has an opening port light below the bulkhead
deck, the line shown in Figure 179.220(b)(2).
BILLING CODE 4910-14-P
Figure 179.220(b)(1)
TP13JA94.007
Figure 179.220 (b)(2)
TP13JA94.008
BILLING CODE 4910-14-C
Sec. 179.230 Damage stability requirements.
A vessel which, in accordance with Sec. 179.212(b), must meet the
requirements of Secs. 171.070 through 171.073 of this chapter for Type
II subdivision must meet the damage stability requirements of
Sec. 171.080 of this chapter.
Sec. 179.240 Foam flotation material.
(a) Foam may only be installed as flotation material on a vessel of
not more than 65 feet in length, when approved by the cognizant OCMI.
(b) If foam is installed as flotation material on a vessel, the
owner shall ensure that the following tests are conducted and
requirements are met, to the satisfaction of the cognizant OCMI:
(1) All foam must comply with MIL-P-21929B, including the
requirements for fire resistance;
(2) Foam may be installed only in void spaces that are free of
ignition sources, unless the foam complies with the requirements of 33
CFR 183.114;
(3) Foam may be installed adjacent to fuel tanks only if the
boundary between the tank and the space has doubled continuous fillet
welds;
(4) The structure enclosing the foam must be strong enough to
accommodate the buoyancy of the foam;
(5) Piping and cables must not pass through foamed spaces unless
they are within piping and cable ways accessible from both ends;
(6) Blocked foam must:
(i) Be used in each area that may be exposed to water; and
(ii) Have a protective cover, approved by the cognizant OCMI, to
protect it from damage;
(7) A water submergence test must be conducted on the foam for a
period of at least 7 days to demonstrate to the satisfaction of the
cognizant OCMI that the foam has adequate strength to withstand a
hydrostatic head equivalent to that which would be imposed if the
vessel were submerged to its bulkhead deck;
(8) The effective buoyancy of the foam must be determined at the
end of the submergence test required by paragraph (b)(7) of this
section. The effective buoyancy or 55 pounds per cubic foot, whichever
is less, must be used in determining the location of watertight
bulkheads for subdivision required by Sec. 179.212; and
(9) The owner or operator must obtain sample foam specimens during
installation of the foam and determine the density of the installed
foam.
Subpart C--Watertight Integrity Requirements
Sec. 179.310 Collision bulkheads.
(a) Each collision bulkhead required by Sec. 179.210, must be
constructed in accordance with Sec. 179.320, except that a collision
bulkhead:
(1) Must extend to the weather deck or to one deck above the
bulkhead deck, whichever is lower, for service on oceans or coastwise
routes, and
(2) Must not be fitted with any type of penetration or opening
except penetrations may be made if they are located as high and as far
inboard as practicable and they have a means to make them watertight.
(b) The forward collision bulkhead required to be on a vessel by
Sec. 179.210 must be:
(1) Located at least 5 percent but not more than 15 percent of the
LBP aft of the forward perpendicular, or for vessels with bulbous bows
extending forward of the forward perpendicular and contributing more
than 2 percent of the underwater volume of the vessel, located at least
5 percent but not more than 15 percent of the LBP aft of the mid-length
of such extension; and
(2) Installed in a single plane, with no recess or step, up to the
bulkhead deck;
(c) The after collision bulkhead on a double-ended ferry of more
than 65 feet in length must be:
(1) At least 5 percent but not more than 15 percent of the LBP
forward of the after perpendicular; and
(2) Installed in a single plane, with no recess or step, at least
up to the bulkhead deck.
Sec. 179.320 Watertight bulkheads.
(a) Each watertight bulkhead must be of sufficient strength to be
capable of remaining watertight with a head of water to the top of the
bulkhead.
(b) Each watertight bulkhead must extend to the bulkhead deck and
be installed in one plane without steps or recesses insofar as is
reasonable and practicable. Any steps or recesses permitted must comply
with the applicable subdivision requirements in this subchapter.
(c) The number of penetrations in a watertight bulkhead must be
minimized. A penetration in a watertight bulkhead must be as high and
as far inboard in the bulkhead as practicable, and made watertight.
(d) Sluice valves are not permitted in watertight bulkheads.
Sec. 179.330 Watertight doors.
(a) Except as permitted in paragraph (b) of this section, hinged
watertight doors are not permitted in bulkheads required by
Secs. 179.210 or 179.212 unless the vessel will not proceed more than
20 nautical miles (37 kilometers) from shore and:
(1) The door separates a machinery space from an accommodation
space and, in the judgment of the cognizant OCMI, the door will be kept
closed except when a person is passing through the door; or
(2) The Commandant determines that, due to the arrangements of the
vessel, the door will be kept closed except when a person is passing
through the door.
(b) Watertight doors are permitted in any bulkhead, except the
collision bulkhead, on a vessel that operates only in the offshore oil
industry.
(c) A hinged watertight bulkhead door must be fitted with a quick
action closing device operable from both sides of the door and
indicator lights at the operating station showing whether the door is
open or closed.
(d) Sliding watertight doors must meet the requirements of part
170, subpart H of this chapter.
(e) No more than one watertight door may be fitted in a watertight
bulkhead, and it must be located as high and as far inboard as
practicable.
Sec. 179.340 Trunks.
Where a trunk, i.e., an enclosed passageway through a deck or
bulkhead, is installed, it must comply with the requirements of
Sec. 179.360(a)(1) and with the requirements of Sec. 171.113 of this
chapter.
Sec. 179.350 Openings in the side of a vessel below the bulkhead or
weather deck.
(a) On a vessel operating on exposed or partially protected waters,
an opening port light is not permitted below the weather deck unless
the sill of the port light is at least 30 inches above the deepest load
waterline.
(b) A port light must have an inside, hinged dead cover regardless
of whether the port light is or is not capable of being opened.
(c) Except for engine exhausts, each inlet or discharge pipe that
penetrates the hull below a line drawn parallel to and at least 6
inches above the deepest load waterline must have means to prevent
water from entering the vessel if the pipe fractures or otherwise
fails.
(d) A positive action valve or cock that is located as close as
possible to the hull is an acceptable means for complying with
paragraph (c) of this section.
(e) If an inlet or discharge pipe is inaccessible, the means for
complying with paragraph (c) of this section must be a shutoff valve
that is:
(1) Operable from the weather deck or any other accessible location
above the bulkhead deck; and
(2) Labeled at the operating point for identity and direction of
closing.
(f) Any connecting device or valve in a hull penetration must not
be cast iron.
(g) Each plug cock in an inlet or discharge pipe must have a means,
other than a cotter pin, to prevent its loosening or removal from the
body.
Sec. 179.360 Watertight integrity.
(a) A hatch exposed to the weather must be watertight, except that
the following hatches may be weathertight:
(1) A hatch on a watertight trunk that extends at least 12 inches
above the weather deck;
(2) A hatch in a cabin top; and
(3) A hatch on a vessel that operates only on protected waters.
(b) A hatch cover must: (1) Have securing devices; and
(2) Be attached to the hatch frame or coaming by hinges, captive
chains, or other devices of substantial strength to prevent its loss.
(c) A hatch cover that provides access to accommodation spaces must
be operable from either side.
(d) A weathertight door must be provided for each opening located
in a deck house or companionway. Permanent watertight coamings must be
provided as follows:
(1) On a vessel on an exposed or partially protected route, a
watertight coaming with a height of at least 6 inches must be provided
under each weathertight door in a cockpit or a well, or on the main
deck of a flush deck vessel.
(2) On a vessel on a protected route, a watertight coaming with a
height of at least 3 inches must be provided under each weathertight
door in a cockpit or a well.
(3) The height of the watertight coaming for a hinged watertight
door need only be sufficient to accommodate the door.
PART 180--LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT AND ARRANGEMENTS
Subpart A--General Provisions
Sec.
180.10 Applicability to vessels on an international voyage.
180.15 Applicability to existing vessels.
180.25 Additional requirements.
Subpart B--Emergency Communications
180.64 Emergency Position Indicating Radiobeacons (EPIRB).
180.68 Distress flares and smoke signals.
Subpart C--Life Buoys and Lifejackets
180.70 Ring life buoys.
180.71 Lifejackets.
180.72 Personal flotation devices carried in addition to
lifejackets.
180.75 Lifejackets lights.
180.78 Stowage of lifejackets.
Subpart D--Survival Craft Arrangements and Equipment
180.130 Stowage of survival craft.
180.137 Stowage of life floats and buoyant apparatus.
180.150 Survival craft embarkation arrangements.
180.175 Survival craft equipment.
Subpart E--Number and Type of Survival Craft
180.200 Survival craft--general.
180.202 Survival craft--vessels operating on oceans routes.
180.204 Survival craft--vessels operating on coastwise routes.
180.206 Survival craft--vessels operating on Great Lakes routes.
180.207 Survival craft--vessels operating on lakes, bays, and
sounds routes.
180.208 Survival craft--vessels operating on rivers routes.
180.210 Rescue boats.
Authority: 46 U.S.C. 2104, 3306; E.O. 12234, 45 FR 58801, 3 CFR,
1980 Comp., p.277; 49 CFR 1.46.
Subpart A--General Provisions
Sec. 180.10 Applicability to vessels on an international voyage.
A vessel on an international voyage must meet the requirements in
subchapter H of this chapter for passenger vessels in the same service,
instead of the requirements of this part.
Sec. 180.15 Applicability to existing vessels.
An existing vessel must comply with the requirements of this part
except as otherwise specified by this section.
(a) Before [date 5 years after effective date] or 10 years after
the vessel's keel was laid or the vessel was at a similar stage of
construction, whichever is later, an existing vessel may comply with
the requirements in effect for the vessel prior to [effective date] for
the number and type of survival craft, stowage arrangements, and
launching appliances for survival craft.
(b) On or before [date 5 years after effective date] or 10 years
after the vessel's keel was laid or the vessel was at a similar stage
of construction, whichever is later, an existing vessel must:
(1) Be equipped with the number of survival craft required for its
route under Secs. 180.202, 180.204, 180.206, 180.207, or 180.208, as
applicable; and
(2) Comply with the stowage and launching appliance requirements
for survival craft in Secs. 180.130 through 180.150, inclusive.
(c) An existing vessel which meets the following requirements may
be equipped with life floats of an aggregate capacity which will
accommodate the total number of persons permitted on board, in lieu of
meeting the requirements for the use of inflatable buoyant apparatus in
Secs. 180.202(c), 180.204(a)(1), and 180.206(a).
(1) The vessel is constructed of a material other than wood;
(2) The vessel is of not more than 65 feet in length and carries
not more than 49 passengers;
(3) The vessel is certificated to operate on oceans, coastwise, or
Great Lakes routes;
(4) The vessel must meet the standards for collision bulkheads in
Sec. 179.310 of this subchapter; and
(5) The vessel must meet the standards for one-compartment
subdivision in Secs. 179.220 and 179.320 of this subchapter, at least
in way of the engine room and lazarette.
(d) Each inflatable liferaft, inflatable buoyant apparatus, life
float, and buoyant apparatus on the vessel on [effective date], may be
used to meet the requirements of this part for these survival craft as
long as the survival craft is continued in use on the vessel, and is in
good and serviceable condition.
(e) When any lifesaving equipment on a vessel is replaced or a
vessel undergoes repairs, alterations, or modifications of a major
character involving replacement of, or any addition to, the existing
lifesaving equipment, each new piece of lifesaving equipment must meet
this part.
(f) A combination flare and smoke distress signal approved under
Sec. 160.023 of this chapter may be used on an existing vessel until
the expiration date of the distress signal but no later than [3 years
after effective date] as one of the distress signals required by
Sec. 180.68.
(g) Until January 1, 1996, a Coast Guard approved 121.5/243 MHz
Class A EPIRB may be used to meet the requirement for an EPIRB under
Sec. 180.64, if the EPIRB:
(1) Is operable;
(2) Is installed to automatically float-free and activate;
(3) Was manufactured on or after October 1, 1988; and
(4) Was installed on the vessel on or before [date 45 days after
effective date]
(h) Until January 1, 1995, an FCC Type Accepted VHF-FM Class C
EPIRB may be used to meet the requirement for an EPIRB on a vessel
operating on a Great Lakes route under Sec. 180.64, if the EPIRB:
(1) Is operable; and
(2) Was installed on the vessel on or before [date 45 days after
effective date].
(i) Until January 1, 1994, an existing vessel on a coastwise route
operating not more than 20 nautical miles from a harbor of safe refuge,
need not comply with Sec. 180.64.
(j) An existing vessel need not comply with Sec. 180.78(a)(4).
(k) An existing vessel must comply with Sec. 180.210 or may comply
with the regulations for rescue boats that were in effect for the
vessel prior to [effective date of regulations].
Sec. 180.25 Additional requirements.
(a) Each item of lifesaving equipment carried on board a vessel but
not required under this part, must be approved by the Commandant.
(b) The cognizant OCMI may require a vessel to carry specialized or
additional lifesaving equipment if:
(1) The OCMI determines the conditions of the voyage render the
requirements of this part inadequate; or
(2) The vessel is operated in Arctic, Antarctic, or other severe
conditions not covered under this part.
Subpart B--Emergency Communications
Sec. 180.64 Emergency Position Indicating Radiobeacons (EPIRB).
Each vessel which operates on the high seas, or which operates
beyond three miles from the coastline of the Great Lakes, must have on
board a Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Type Accepted Category
1, 406 MHz Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon (EPIRB),
installed to automatically float free and activate.
Sec. 180.68 Distress flares and smoke signals.
(a) Oceans, coastwise, and Great Lakes routes. A vessel on an
oceans, coastwise, or Great Lakes route must carry:
(1) Six hand red flare distress signals approved under subpart
160.021 of this chapter; and
(2) Six hand orange smoke distress signals approved under subpart
160.037 of this chapter.
(b) Lakes, bays, and sounds, and rivers routes. A vessel on a
lakes, bays, and sounds, or rivers route must carry:
(1) Three hand red flare distress signals approved under subpart
160.021 of this chapter; and
(2) Three hand orange smoke distress signals approved under subpart
160.037 of this chapter.
(c) Substitutions: (1) A rocket parachute flare approved under
subpart 160.036 of this chapter may be substituted for any of the hand
red flare distress signals required under paragraph (a) or (b) of this
section.
(2) One of the following may be substituted for any of the hand
orange smoke distress signals required under paragraph (a) or (b) of
this section:
(i) A rocket parachute flare approved under subpart 160.036 of this
chapter.
(ii) A hand red flare distress signal approved under subpart
160.021 of this chapter.
(iii) A floating orange smoke distress signal approved under
subpart 160.022 of this chapter.
(d) Exemption for vessels on short runs. A vessel operating on
short runs limited to approximately 30 minutes away from the dock is
not required to carry distress flares and smoke signals under this
section.
(e) Stowage. Each flare carried to meet this section must be stowed
in one of the following:
(1) A portable watertight container complying with Sec. 160.021-6
of this chapter, carried at the operating station; or
(2) A pyrotechnic locker secured above the freeboard deck, away
from heat, in the vicinity of the operating station. An acceptable
pyrotechnic locker is described in ASTM F--[reserved for name of
standard under development by ASTM].
Subpart C--Life Buoys and Lifejackets
Sec. 180.70 Ring life buoys.
(a) A vessel must have one or more ring life buoys as follows:
(1) A vessel of not more than 26 feet in length must carry a
minimum of one life buoy of not less than 20 inches in diameter;
(2) A vessel of more than 26 feet in length, but not more than 65
feet, must carry a minimum of one life buoy of not less than 24 inches
in diameter; and
(3) A vessel of more than 65 feet in length must carry a minimum of
three life buoys of not less than 24 inches in diameter.
(b) Each ring life buoy on a vessel must:
(1) Be approved under subpart 160.050 of this chapter;
(2) Be readily accessible;
(3) Be stowed in a way that it can be rapidly cast loose;
(4) Not be permanently secured in any way; and
(5) If on a vessel on an oceans or coastwise route, be orange in
color.
(c) At least one ring life buoy must be fitted with a lifeline. If
more than one ring life buoy is carried, at least one must not have a
lifeline attached. Each lifeline on a ring life buoy must:
(1) Be buoyant;
(2) Be of at least 60 feet in length;
(3) Be non-kinking;
(4) Have a diameter of at least \5/16\ of an inch;
(5) Have a breaking strength of at least 1,124 pounds; and
(6) Be of a dark color if synthetic, or of a type certified to be
resistant to deterioration from ultraviolet light.
(d) A vessel must carry one floating waterlight, unless it is
limited to daytime operation, in which case no floating waterlight is
required.
(1) Each floating waterlight must be approved under subpart 161.010
of this chapter.
(2) Each ring life buoy with a floating waterlight must have a
lanyard of at least 3 feet in length, but not more than 6 feet,
securing the waterlight around the body of the ring life buoy.
(3) Each floating waterlight installed after [date one year after
effective date] on a vessel carrying only one ring life buoy, must be
attached to the lanyard with a corrosion-resistant clip. The clip must
have a strength of at least 50 pounds, and allow the waterlight to be
quickly disconnected from the ring life buoy.
Sec. 180.71 Lifejackets.
(a) An adult lifejacket must be provided for each person permitted
on board a vessel.
(b) In addition, a number of child size lifejackets equal to at
least 10% of the number of the persons permitted on board must be
provided, or such greater number as necessary to provide a lifejacket
for each person being carried that is smaller than the lower size limit
of the adult lifejackets provided to meet this section. However, child
size lifejackets are not required if the vessel's Certificate of
Inspection is endorsed for the carriage of adults only.
(c) Each lifejacket must be approved under either subpart 160.002,
subpart 160.005, or subpart 160.055 of this chapter.
Sec. 180.72 Personal flotation devices carried in addition to
lifejackets.
(a) Equipment carried under this section is not acceptable in lieu
of any portion of the required number of approved lifejackets and must
not be substituted for the approved lifejackets required to be worn
during drills and emergencies.
(b) Wearable marine buoyant devices which include ``ski vests'',
``boating vests'', and ``fishing vests'', approved under subpart
160.064 of this chapter, may be carried as additional equipment.
(c) Buoyant work vests approved under subpart 160.053 of this
chapter may be carried as additional equipment for use of persons
working near or over the water.
(d) Commercial hybrid personal flotation devices (PFD) approved
under subpart 160.077 of this chapter may be carried as additional
equipment for use of persons working near or over the water. Each
commercial hybrid PFD must be:
(1) Used, stowed, and maintained in accordance with the procedures
set out in the manual required for these devices under Sec. 160.077-29
of this chapter and any limitation(s) marked on them; and
(2) Of the same or similar design and have the same method of
operation as each other hybrid PFD carried on board.
Sec. 180.75 Lifejacket lights.
(a) Each lifejacket carried on a vessel on an oceans, coastwise, or
Great Lakes route, must have a lifejacket light approved under subpart
161.012 of this chapter. Each lifejacket light must be securely
attached to the front shoulder area of the lifejacket.
(b) Notwithstanding the requirements of paragraph (a) of this
section, lifejacket lights are not required for lifejackets on:
(1) Ferries; and
(2) Vessels with Certificates of Inspection endorsed only for
routes that do not extend more than 20 miles from a harbor of safe
refuge.
Sec. 180.78 Stowage of lifejackets.
(a) General. Unless otherwise stated in this section, lifejackets
must be stored in convenient places distributed throughout
accommodation spaces.
(1) Each stowage container for lifejackets must not be capable of
being locked. If practicable, the container must be designed to allow
the lifejackets to float free.
(2) Each lifejacket kept in a stowage container must be readily
available.
(3) Each lifejacket stowed overhead must be supported in a manner
which allows quick release for distribution.
(4) If lifejackets are stowed more than 7 feet above the deck, a
means for quick release must be provided and must be capable of
operation by a person standing on the deck.
(5) Each child size lifejacket must be stowed in a location which
is appropriately marked and separated from adult lifejackets so the
child size lifejackets are not mistaken for adult lifejackets.
(b) Additional personal flotation devices. The stowage locations of
the personal flotation devices carried in addition to lifejackets under
Sec. 180.72, must be separate from the lifejackets, and such as not to
be easily confused with that of the lifejackets.
Subpart D--Survival Craft Arrangements and Equipment
Sec. 180.130 Stowage of survival craft.
(a) Each survival craft must be:
(1) Secured to the vessel by a painter with a float-free link
permanently attached to the vessel except that a float-free link is not
required if the vessel operates only on waters not as deep as the
length of the painter;
(2) Stowed so that when the vessel sinks the survival craft floats
free and, if inflatable, inflates automatically;
(3) Stowed in a position which is readily accessible to crew
members for launching, or else provided with a remotely operated device
which releases the survival craft into launching position or into the
water;
(4) Stowed in a way that permits manual release from its securing
arrangements;
(5) Ready for immediate use so that two crew members can carry out
preparations for embarkation and launching in less than 5 minutes;
(6) Provided with means to prevent shifting;
(7) Stowed in a way that neither the survival craft nor its stowage
arrangements will interfere with the embarkation and operation of any
other survival craft at any other launching station;
(8) Stowed in a way that any protective covers will not interfere
with launching and embarkation.
(9) Fully equipped as required under this part; and
(10) Stowed, as far as practicable, in a position sheltered from
breaking seas and protected from damage by fire and explosion.
(b) A hydrostatic release unit used in a float-free arrangement
must be approved under subpart 160.062 of this chapter.
(c) A mechanical, manually operated device to assist in launching a
survival craft must be provided if:
(1) The survival craft weighs more than 200 pounds; and
(2) The survival craft requires lifting to be launched.
Sec. 180.137 Stowage of life floats and buoyant apparatus.
(a) In addition to meeting Sec. 180.130, each life float and
buoyant apparatus must be stowed as required under this section.
(b) The float-free link required by Sec. 180.130(a)(1) must be:
(1) Certified to meet subpart 160.073 of this chapter;
(2) Of proper strength for the size of the life float or buoyant
apparatus as indicated on its identification tag; and
(3) Secured to the painter at one end and to the vessel on the
other end.
(c) The means used to attach the float-free link to the vessel
must:
(1) Have a breaking strength of at least the breaking strength of
the painter;
(2) If synthetic, be of a dark color or of a type certified to be
resistant to deterioration from ultraviolet light; and
(3) If metal, be corrosion resistant.
(d) If the life float or buoyant apparatus does not have a painter
attachment fitting, a means for attaching the painter must be provided
by a wire or line which:
(1) Encircles the body of the device;
(2) Will not slip off;
(3) Has a breaking strength which is at least the strength of the
painter; and
(4) If synthetic, is of a dark color or is of a type certified to
be resistant to deterioration from ultraviolet light.
(e) If the vessel carries more than one life float or buoyant
apparatus in a group with each group secured by a single painter:
(1) The combined weight of each group of life floats and buoyant
apparatus must not exceed 400 pounds;
(2) Each group of life floats and buoyant apparatus is considered a
single survival craft for the purposes of Sec. 180.130(c);
(3) Each life float and buoyant apparatus must be individually
attached to the painter by a line meeting Secs. 180.175(e)(3)(ii),
(iii), and (iv) and long enough that each life float or buoyant
apparatus can float without contacting any other life float or buoyant
apparatus in the group; and
(4) The strength of the float-free link under paragraph (b)(2) of
this section and the strength of the painter under
Sec. 180.175(e)(3)(ii) must be determined by the combined capacity of
the group of life floats and buoyant apparatus.
(f) Life floats and buoyant apparatus must not be stowed in tiers
more than four feet high. When stowed in tiers, the separate units must
be kept apart by spacers.
Sec. 180.150 Survival craft embarkation arrangements.
(a) A launching appliance which complies with the installation and
arrangement requirements for launching appliances in subchapter H of
this chapter must be provided for each inflatable liferaft and
inflatable buoyant apparatus when either:
(1) The embarkation station for the survival craft is on a deck
more than 15 feet above the waterline; or
(2) The inflatable liferaft and inflatable buoyant apparatus is
boarded prior to being placed in the water.
(b) An embarkation ladder, approved under subpart 160.017 of this
chapter, must be at each embarkation station if the distance from the
deck on which an embarkation station is located to the vessel's
lightest operating waterline is more than 10 feet.
Sec. 180.175 Survival craft equipment.
(a) General. Each item of survival craft equipment must be of good
quality, and efficient for the purpose it is intended to serve. Unless
otherwise stated in this section, each item of equipment carried,
whether required under this section or not, must be secured by
lashings, stored in lockers, compartments, brackets, or have equivalent
mounting or storage arrangements which do not:
(1) Reduce survival craft capacity;
(2) Reduce space available to the occupants;
(3) Interfere with launching, recovery, or rescue operations; or
(4) Adversely affect seaworthiness of the survival craft.
(b) Inflatable liferafts. Each inflatable liferaft must have one of
the following equipment packs as shown by the markings on its
container:
(1) Limited Service;
(2) SOLAS B Pack;
(3) SOLAS A Pack; or
(4) Ocean Service.
(c) Life floats. Each life float must be fitted with a lifeline,
pendants, two paddles, a painter, and a light.
(d) Buoyant apparatus. Each buoyant apparatus must be fitted with a
lifeline, pendants, a painter, and a light.
(e) Equipment specifications for life floats and buoyant apparatus.
The equipment required for lifefloats and buoyant apparatus must meet
the following specifications:
(1) Lifeline and pendants. The lifeline and pendants must be as
furnished by the manufacturer with the approved life float or buoyant
apparatus. Replacement lifelines and pendants must meet the
requirements in subpart 160.010 of this chapter.
(2) Paddle. Each paddle must be of at least 4 feet in length and
buoyant.
(3) Painter. The painter must:
(i) Be of at least 100 feet in length, but not less than 3 times
the distance between the deck where the life float or buoyant apparatus
it serves is stowed and the lowest load waterline of the vessel;
(ii) Have a breaking strength of at least 1500 pounds, except that
if the capacity of the life float or buoyant apparatus is 50 persons or
more, the breaking strength must be at least 3000 pounds;
(iii) Be of a dark color if synthetic, or of a type certified to be
resistant to deterioration from ultraviolet light; and
(iv) Be stowed in such a way that it runs out freely when the life
float or buoyant apparatus floats away from a sinking vessel.
(4) Light. The light must be a floating waterlight approved under
subpart 161.010 of this chapter. The floating waterlight must be
attached around the body of the life float or buoyant apparatus by a
12-thread manila, or equivalent, lanyard of at least 18 feet in length.
(f) Other survival craft. If survival craft other than inflatable
liferafts, life floats, inflatable buoyant apparatus, and buoyant
apparatus are carried on the vessel, such as lifeboats or rigid
liferafts, they must be installed, arranged, and equipped as required
under subchapter H (Passenger Vessels) of this chapter for passenger
vessels on the same route.
Subpart E--Number and Type of Survival Craft
Sec. 180.200 Survival craft--general.
(a) Each survival craft required on a vessel by this part must meet
one of the following:
(1) For an inflatable liferaft--subpart 160.051 of this chapter,
with the applicable equipment pack, as determined by the cognizant
OCMI. Each inflatable liferaft required on a vessel by this part must
have a capacity of 6 persons or more. Inflatable liferafts may be
substituted for inflatable buoyant apparatus or life floats required
under this section;
(2) For a life float--subpart 160.027 of this chapter. Buoyant
apparatus may be used to meet requirements for life floats if the
buoyant apparatus was installed on board the vessel on or before
[effective date of final rule], and if the buoyant apparatus remains in
good and serviceable condition;
(3) For an inflatable buoyant apparatus--subpart 160.010 of this
chapter. Inflatable buoyant apparatus may be substituted for life
floats required under this section.
(b) If the vessel carries a small boat or boats, the capacity of
these boats may be counted toward the buoyant apparatus or life float
capacity required by this part. Such boats must meet the requirements
for safe loading and flotation in 33 CFR part 183, and must meet the
stowage, launching, and equipment requirements in this part for the
survival craft they replace.
(c) A summary of survival craft requirements is provided in Table
180.200(c). The citations identify the sections of this part which
contain the specific requirements.
TABLE 180.200(C)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Route Survival craft requirements
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oceans, more than 50 100% ILR--Sec. 180.202(a)
miles offshore.
Oceans, 20-50 miles (a) wood--100% IBA--Sec. 180.202(b)
offshore. (b) nonwood--same as Coastwise (a) & (b)--
Sec. 180.202(c)
Coastwise................ (a) cold water\1\
(i) w/subdivision--100% LF\2\--Sec.
180.204(a)(2)
(ii) existing nonwood vessels,
65', 49 passengers, w/collision
bkhd and simplified subdivision in way of
Eng. Rm. & lazarette--100% LF\2\--Sec.
180.15(c)
(iii) w/o subdivision--100% IBA--Sec.
180.204(a)(1)
(iv) within one mile of shore
(A) w/subdivision--50% LF\2\--Sec.
180.204(c)(2)
(B) w/o subdivision--100% LF\2\--Sec.
180.204(c)(1)
(b) warm water\3\
(i) 100% LF\2\--Sec. 180.204(b)
(ii) within one mile of shore--NONE--Sec.
180.204(d)
Great Lakes.............. (a) same as Coastwise (a) & (b)--Sec.
180.206(a)
(b) within one mile of shore--NONE--Sec.
180.206(b)
Lakes, Bays, & Sounds.... (a) cold water\4\
(i) w/subdivision--50% LF\2\--Sec.
180.207(a)(2)
(ii) w/o subdivision--100% LF\2\--Sec.
180.207(a)(1)
(iii) within 1 mile of shore--NONE--Sec.
180.207(c)
(b) warm water--NONE--Sec. 180.207(b)
Rivers................... (a) cold water\5\
(i) w/subdivision--NONE--Sec. 180.208(a)(2)
(ii) w/o subdivision--50% LF\2\--Sec.
180.208(a)(1)
(iii) within one mile of shore--NONE--Sec.
180.208(c)
(b) warm water--NONE--Sec. 180.208(b)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Abbreviations used:
ILR = inflatable liferaft.
IBA = inflatable Buoyant Apparatus.
LF = Life Float.
\1\Cold water means the cognizant OCMI has determined the prevailing
temperature of the water is 15 deg.C (59 deg.F).
\2\Any buoyant apparatus in use on an existing vessel on [insert
effective date of the final rule] may be used to meet the requirements
for LF as long as the buoyant apparatus is in good and serviceable
condition--Sec. 180.15(d).
\3\Warm water means the cognizant OCMI has determined the prevailing
temperature of the water is > 15 deg.C (59 deg.F).
\4\Shallow water exception--Sec. 180.207(d).
\5\Shallow water exception--Sec. 180.208(d).
Sec. 180.202 Survival craft--vessels operating on oceans routes.
(a) Each vessel certificated to operate on an oceans route more
than 50 nautical miles offshore must be provided with inflatable
liferafts of an aggregate capacity which will accommodate at least the
total number of persons permitted on board.
(b) Each vessel constructed of wood and certificated to operate on
an oceans route not more than 50 nautical miles offshore must be
provided with inflatable buoyant apparatus of an aggregate capacity
which will accommodate at least the total number of persons permitted
on board.
(c) Each vessel constructed of a material other than wood and
certificated to operate on an oceans route not more than 50 nautical
miles offshore must be provided with the survival craft required by
Secs. 180.204 (a) or (b), as applicable.
Sec. 180.204 Survival craft--vessels operating on coastwise routes.
(a) Except as allowed by paragraph (c) of this section, each vessel
certificated to operate on a coastwise route in an area and time of
year where the prevailing water temperature, as determined by the
cognizant OCMI, is 15 deg.C (59 deg.F) or less must either:
(1) Be provided with inflatable buoyant apparatus of an aggregate
capacity which will accommodate at least the total number of persons
permitted on board; or
(2) Meet either the standards for collision bulkheads in
Secs. 179.310 or 171.085 of this chapter and the standards for
subdivision in Secs. 179.220 and 179.320 of this subchapter or the
standards for subdivision and damaged stability in Secs. 171.070
through 171.073 and 171.080 of this chapter, as appropriate, and be
provided with life floats of an aggregate capacity which will
accommodate at least the total number of persons permitted on board.
(b) Except as allowed by paragraph (d) of this section, each vessel
certificated to operate on a coastwise route in an area and time of
year where the prevailing water temperature, as determined by the
cognizant OCMI, is above 15 deg.C (59 deg.F) must be provided with life
floats of an aggregate capacity which will accommodate at least the
total number of persons permitted on board.
(c) Each vessel certificated to operate on a coastwise route within
one mile of land in an area and time of year where the prevailing water
temperature, as determined by the cognizant OCMI, is 15 deg.C
(59 deg.F) or less must either:
(1) Be provided with life floats of an aggregate capacity which
will accommodate at least the total number of persons permitted on
board; or
(2) Meet either the standards for collision bulkheads in
Secs. 179.310 or 171.085 of this chapter and the standards for
subdivision in Secs. 179.220 and 179.320 of this subchapter or the
standards for subdivision and damaged stability in Secs. 171.070
through 171.073 and 171.080 of this chapter, as appropriate, and be
provided with life floats of an aggregate capacity which will
accommodate at least 50% of the total number of persons permitted on
board.
(d) Each vessel certificated to operate on a coastwise route within
one mile of land in an area and time of year where the prevailing water
temperature, as determined by the cognizant OCMI, is above 15 deg.C
(59 deg.F) is not required to carry survival craft.
Sec. 180.206 Survival craft--vessels operating on Great Lakes routes.
(a) Except as allowed by paragraph (b) of this section, each vessel
certificated to operate on a Great Lakes route must be provided with
the survival craft required by Secs. 180.204 (a) or (b), as
appropriate.
(b) Each vessel certificated to operate on a Great Lakes route
within one mile of land is not required to carry survival craft.
Sec. 180.207 Survival craft--vessels operating on lakes, bays, and
sounds routes.
(a) Except as allowed by paragraphs (c) and (d) of this section,
each vessel certificated to operate on a lakes, bays and sounds route
in an area and time of year where the prevailing water temperature, as
determined by the cognizant OCMI, is 15 deg.C (59 deg.F) or less must
either:
(1) Be provided with life floats of an aggregate capacity which
will accommodate at least the total number of persons permitted on
board; or
(2) Meet either the standards for collision bulkheads in
Secs. 179.310 or 171.085 of this chapter and the standards for
subdivision in Secs. 179.220 and 179.320 of this subchapter or the
standards for subdivision and damaged stability in Secs. 171.070
through 171.073 and 171.080 of this chapter, as appropriate, and be
provided with life floats of an aggregate capacity which will
accommodate at least 50% of the total number of persons permitted on
board.
(b) A vessel certificated to operate on a lakes, bays and sounds
route in an area and time of year where the prevailing water
temperature, as determined by the cognizant OCMI, is above 15 deg.C
(59 deg.F) is not required to carry survival craft.
(c) A vessel certificated to operate on a lakes, bays and sounds
route within one mile of land is not required to carry survival craft.
(d) For a vessel certificated to operate on a lakes, bays and
sounds route in shallow water where the vessel cannot sink deep enough
to submerge the topmost passenger deck or where survivors can wade
ashore, the cognizant OCMI may waive a requirement for life floats, if
the OCMI determines that it is safe to do so, taking into consideration
the vessel's scope of operation, hazards of the route, and availability
of assistance.
Sec. 180.208 Survival craft--vessels operating on rivers routes.
(a) Except as allowed by paragraphs (c) and (d) of this section,
each vessel certificated to operate on a rivers route in an area and
time of year where the prevailing water temperature, as determined by
the cognizant OCMI, is 15 deg.C (59 deg.F) or less is either:
(1) Be provided with life floats of an aggregate capacity which
will accommodate at least 50% of the total number of persons permitted
on board; or
(2) Meet either the standards for collision bulkheads in
Secs. 179.310 or 171.085 of this chapter and the standards for
subdivision in Secs. 179.220 and 179.320 of this subchapter or the
standards for subdivision and damaged stability in Secs. 171.070
through 171.073 and 171.080 of this chapter, as appropriate, and not be
required to carry survival craft.
(b) A vessel certificated to operate on a rivers route in an area
and time of year where the prevailing water temperature, as determined
by the cognizant OCMI, is above 15 deg.C (59 deg.F) is not required to
carry survival craft.
(c) A vessel certificated to operate on a rivers route within one
mile of land is not required to carry survival craft.
(d) For a vessel certificated to operate on a rivers route in
shallow water where the vessel cannot sink deep enough to submerge the
topmost passenger deck or where survivors can wade ashore, the
cognizant OCMI may waive a requirement for life floats, if the OCMI
determines that it is safe to do so, taking into consideration the
vessel's scope of operation, hazards of the route, and availability of
assistance.
Sec. 180.210 Rescue boats.
(a) A vessel of more than 65 feet in length must carry at least one
rescue boat unless the cognizant OCMI determines that:
(1) The vessel is sufficiently maneuverable, arranged, and equipped
to allow the crew to recover a helpless person from the water;
(2) Recovery of a helpless person can be observed from the
operating station; and
(3) The vessel does not regularly engage in operations that
restrict its maneuverability.
(b) A vessel of not more than 65 feet in length is not required to
carry a rescue boat unless:
(1) The vessel carries passengers on an open or partially enclosed
deck; and
(2) The cognizant OCMI determines that the vessel is designed,
arranged, or involved in operations so that the vessel itself cannot
serve as an adequate rescue craft.
(c) On a vessel of more than 65 feet in length, a required rescue
boat and its installation must meet the requirements in subchapter H
(Passenger Vessels) of this chapter for a rescue boat on a passenger
vessel having the same route. On a vessel of not more than 65 feet in
length, a required rescue boat must be acceptable to the cognizant
OCMI.
PART 181--FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT
Subpart A--General Provisions
Sec.
181.115 Applicability to existing vessels.
181.120 Equipment installed but not required.
Subpart B--Reserved
Subpart C--Fire Main System
181.300 Fire pumps.
181.310 Fire main and hydrants.
181.320 Fire hoses and nozzles.
Subpart D--Fixed Fire Extinguishing and Detecting Systems
181.400 Where required.
181.410 Fixed gas fire extinguishing systems.
181.420 Pre-engineered fixed gas fire extinguishing systems.
181.425 Galley hood fire extinguishing systems.
181.450 Independent modular smoke detecting units.
Subpart E--Portable Fire Extinguishers
181.500 Required number, type, and location.
181.520 Installation and location.
Subpart F--Additional Equipment
181.600 Fire axe.
181.610 Fire bucket.
Authority: 46 U.S.C. 3306; E.O. 12234, 45 FR 58801, 3 CFR, 1980
Comp., p. 277; 49 CFR 1.46.
Subpart A--General Provisions
Sec. 181.115 Applicability to existing vessels.
(a) Except as otherwise required by paragraphs (b), (c), and (d) of
this section, an existing vessel must comply with the fire protection
equipment regulations applicable to the vessel on [date of day before
effective date of regulations] or, as an alternative, the vessel may
comply with the regulations in this part.
(b) An existing vessel with a hull, or a machinery space boundary
bulkhead or deck, composed of wood or fiber reinforced plastic, or
sheathed on the interior in fiber reinforced plastic, must comply with
the requirements of Sec. 181.400 on or before [date 3 years after
effective date of regulations].
(c) New installations of fire protection equipment on an existing
vessel, which are completed to the satisfaction of the cognizant OCMI
on or after] effective date of regulations], must comply with the
regulations of this part. Replacement of existing equipment installed
on the vessel prior to [effective date of regulations need not comply
with the regulations] in this part.
Sec. 181.120 Equipment installed but not required.
Fire extinguishing and detecting equipment installed on a vessel in
excess of the requirements of Secs. 181.400 and 181.500 must be
designed, constructed, installed and maintained in accordance with a
recognized industry standard acceptable to the Commandant.
Subpart B--Reserved
Subpart C--Fire Main System
Sec. 181.300 Fire pumps.
(a) A self priming, power driven fire pump must be installed on
each vessel:
(1) Of not more than 65 feet in length which is a ferry vessel;
(2) Of not more than 65 feet in length which carries more than 49
passengers; or
(3) Of more than 65 feet in length.
(b) On a vessel of not more than 65 feet in length carrying more
than 49 passengers, and on a vessel of more than 65 feet in length, the
minimum capacity of the fire pump must be 50 gallons per minute at a
pressure of not less than 60 pounds per square inch at the pump outlet.
The pump outlet must be fitted with a pressure gauge.
(c) On a ferry vessel of not more than 65 feet in length carrying
not more than 49 passengers, the minimum capacity of the fire pump must
be 10 gallons per minute. The fire pump must be capable of projecting a
hose stream from the highest hydrant, through the hose and nozzle
required by Sec. 181.320, a distance of 25 feet.
(d) A fire pump may be driven by a propulsion engine. A fire pump
must be permanently connected to the fire main and may be connected to
the bilge system to meet the requirements of Sec. 182.520 of this
subchapter.
(e) A fire pump must be capable of both remote operation from the
operating station and local, manual operation at the pump.
Sec. 181.310 Fire main and hydrants.
(a) A vessel which has a power driven fire pump must have a
sufficient number of fire hydrants to reach any part of the vessel
using a single length of fire hose.
(b) Piping, valves, and fittings in a fire main system must comply
with part 182, subpart G of this subchapter.
Sec. 181.320 Fire hoses and nozzles.
(a) A fire hose with a nozzle must be attached to each fire hydrant
at all times. For fire stations located on open decks or cargo decks,
where no protection is provided, hoses may be temporarily removed
during heavy weather or cargo handling operations, respectively. Hoses
so removed must be stored in nearby accessible locations.
(b) On a vessel of not more than 65 feet in length carrying more
than 49 passengers, and on a vessel of more than 65 feet in length,
each hose must:
(1) Be lined commercial fire hose that conforms to UL 19 or hose
that is listed and labeled by an independent laboratory recognized by
the Commandant as being equivalent in performance;
(2) Be 50 feet in length and 1\1/2\ inches in diameter; and
(3) Have fittings of brass or other suitable corrosion-resistant
material which comply with NFPA 1963.
(c) Each fire hose on a vessel of not more than 65 feet in length
carrying not more than 49 passengers must:
(1) Comply with paragraphs (b)(1) and (b)(3) of this section or be
garden type hose of not less than \5/8\ inch nominal inside diameter;
(2) Be of one piece not less than 25 feet and not more than 50 feet
in length; and
(3) If of the garden type, be of a good commercial grade
constructed of an inner rubber tube, plies of braided fabric
reinforcement, and an outer cover of rubber or equivalent material, and
of sufficient strength to withstand the maximum pressure which can be
produced by the fire pump. All fittings on the hose must be of suitable
corrosion-resistant material.
(d) Each nozzle must be of corrosion-resistant material and be
capable of being changed between a solid stream and a spray pattern. A
nozzle on a vessel of not more than 65 feet in length carrying more
than 49 passengers, and on a vessel of more than 65 feet in length,
must be of an approved type.
Subpart D--Fixed Fire Extinguishing and Detecting Systems
Sec. 181.400 Where required.
(a) The following spaces must be equipped with a Halon or carbon
dioxide fixed gas fire extinguishing system, in compliance with
Sec. 181.410, except as otherwise allowed by paragraph (b) of this
section:
(1) A space containing propulsion machinery;
(2) A space containing an internal combustion engine of more than
50 hp;
(3) A space containing an oil fired boiler;
(4) A space containing machinery powered by gasoline or other fuels
having a flash point of 110 deg.F or lower;
(5) A space containing a fuel tank for gasoline or any other fuel
having a flash point of 110 deg.F or lower;
(6) A space containing combustible cargo or ship's stores
inaccessible during the voyage (in these types of spaces only carbon
dioxide, and not Halon, systems will be allowed);
(7) A paint locker; and
(8) A storeroom containing flammable liquids (including liquors of
80 proof or higher).
(b) Alternative system types and exceptions to the requirements of
paragraph (a) of this section are:
(1) A fixed gas fire extinguishing system, which is capable of
automatic discharge upon heat detection, may only be installed in a
normally unoccupied space with a gross volume of not more than 6000
cubic feet;
(2) A pre-engineered fixed gas fire extinguishing system must be in
compliance with Sec. 181.420 and may only be installed in a normally
unoccupied machinery space, a paint locker, or a storeroom containing
flammable liquids (including liquors of 80 proof or higher), with a
gross volume of not more than 2000 cubic feet;
(3) A B-II portable fire extinguisher installed outside the space
may be substituted for a fixed gas fire extinguishing system in a
storeroom containing flammable liquids (including liquors of 80 proof
or higher) or a paint locker, with a volume of not more that 200 cubic
feet; and
(4) A space which is so open to the atmosphere that a fixed gas
fire extinguishing system would be ineffective, as determined by the
cognizant OCMI, is not required to have a fixed gas fire extinguishing
system.
(c) The following spaces must be equipped with a fire detecting
system of an approved type which is installed in accordance with
Sec. 76.27 of this chapter, except when a fixed gas fire extinguishing
system which is capable of automatic discharge upon heat detection is
installed or when the space is manned:
(1) A space containing propulsion machinery;
(2) A space containing an internal combustion engine of more than
50 hp;
(3) A space containing an oil fired boiler;
(4) A space containing machinery powered by gasoline or any other
fuels having a flash point of 110 deg.F or lower; and
(5) A space containing a fuel tank for gasoline or any other fuel
having a flash point of 110 deg.F or lower.
(d) All grills, broilers, and deep fat fryers must be fitted with a
grease extraction hood in compliance with Sec. 181.425.
(e) Each overnight accommodation space on a vessel with overnight
accommodations for passengers must be fitted with an independent
modular smoke detecting and alarm unit in compliance with Sec. 181.450.
(f) An enclosed vehicle space must be fitted with an automatic
sprinkler system which meets the requirements of Sec. 76.25 of this
chapter; and
(1) A smoke actuated fire detecting system of an approved type
which is installed in accordance with Sec. 76.27 of this chapter; or
(2) A smoke detecting system of an approved type which is installed
in accordance with Sec. 76.33 of this chapter.
(g) A partially enclosed vehicle space must be fitted with a manual
sprinkler system which meets the requirements of Sec. 76.23 of this
chapter.
Sec. 181.410 Fixed gas fire extinguishing systems.
(a) General.
(1) A fixed gas fire extinguishing system aboard a vessel must be
approved by the Commandant, and be custom engineered to meet the
requirements of this section unless the system meets the requirements
of Sec. 181.420.
(2) System components must be listed and labeled by an independent
laboratory. A component from a different system, even if from the same
manufacturer, must not be used unless included in the approval of the
installed system.
(3) System design and installation must be in accordance with the
Marine Design, Installation, Operation, and Maintenance Manual approved
for the system by the Commandant.
(4) A fixed gas fire extinguishing system may protect more than one
space. The quantity of extinguishing agent must be at least sufficient
for the space requiring the greatest quantity as determined by the
requirements of paragraphs (f)(4) and (g)(2) of this section.
(b) Controls.
(1) Controls and valves for operation of a fixed gas fire
extinguishing system must be:
(i) Located outside the space protected by the system; and
(ii) Not located in a space that might be inaccessible in the event
of fire in the space protected by the system.
(2) Except as provided in paragraph (c)(2) of this section, release
of an extinguishing agent into a space must require two distinct
operations.
(3) A system must have local manual controls at the storage
cylinders capable of releasing the extinguishing agent. In addition, a
normally manned space must have remote controls for releasing the
extinguishing agent at the primary exit from the space.
(4) Remote controls must be located in a breakglass enclosure to
preclude accidental discharge.
(5) Valves and controls must be of an approved type and protected
from damage or accidental activation. A pull cable used to activate the
system controls must be enclosed in conduit.
(6) A system protecting more than one space must have a manifold
with a normally closed stop valve for each space protected.
(7) A gas actuated valve or device must be capable of manual
override at the valve or device.
(8) A system, which has more than one storage cylinder for the
extinguishing agent and which relies on pilot cylinders to activate the
primary storage cylinders, must have at least two pilot cylinders.
Local manual controls, in compliance with paragraph (b)(3) of this
section, must be provided to operate the pilot cylinders but are not
required for the primary storage cylinders.
(9) A system protecting a manned space must be fitted with an
approved time delay and alarm arranged to require the alarm to sound
for at least 20 seconds or the time necessary to escape from the space,
whichever is greater, before the agent is released into the space.
Alarms must be conspicuously and centrally located. The alarm must be
powered by the extinguishing agent.
(10) A device must be provided to automatically shut down power
ventilation serving the protected space and engines which draw intake
air from the protected space prior to release of the extinguishing
agent into the space.
(11) Controls and storage cylinders must not be in a locked space
unless the key is in a breakglass type box conspicuously located
adjacent to the space.
(c) Storage space.
(1) Except as provided in paragraph (c)(2) of this section, a
storage cylinder for a fixed gas extinguishing system must be:
(i) Located outside the space protected by the system; and
(ii) Not located in a space that might be inaccessible in the event
of a fire in the space protected by the system.
(2) A normally unoccupied space of less than 6000 cubic feet may
have the storage cylinders located within the space protected. When the
storage cylinders are located in the space:
(i) The system must be capable of automatic operation by a heat
actuator within the space; and
(ii) Have manual controls in compliance with paragraph (b) of this
section except for paragraphs (b)(2) and (b)(3).
(3) A space containing a storage cylinder must be maintained at a
temperature within the range from -20 deg.F (-30 deg.C) to 130 deg.F
(55 deg.C) or at another temperature as listed by the independent
laboratory and stated in the manufacturer's approved manual.
(4) A storage cylinder must be securely fastened, supported, and
protected against damage.
(5) A storage cylinder must be accessible and capable of easy
removal for recharging and inspection. Provisions must be available for
weighing each storage cylinder in place.
(6) Where subject to moisture, a storage cylinder must be installed
to provide a space of at least 2 inches between the deck and the bottom
of the storage cylinder.
(7) A Halon 1301 storage cylinder must be stowed in an upright
position unless otherwise listed by the independent laboratory. A
carbon dioxide cylinder may be inclined not more than 30 deg. from the
vertical, unless fitted with flexible or bent siphon tubes, in which
case they may be inclined not more than 80 deg. from the vertical.
(8) Where a check valve is not fitted on an independent storage
cylinder discharge, a plug or cap must be provided for closing the
outlet resulting from storage cylinder removal.
(9) Each storage cylinder must meet the requirements of Sec. 147.60
of this chapter.
(10) A storage cylinder space must have doors which open outwards
or be fitted with kickout panels installed in each door.
(d) Piping.
(1) A pipe, valve, or fitting of ferrous material must be protected
inside and outside against corrosion unless otherwise approved by the
Commandant. Aluminum or other low melting material must not be used for
a component of a fixed gas fire extinguishing system except as
specifically approved by the Commandant.
(2) A distribution line must extend at least 2 inches beyond the
last orifice and be closed with a cap or plug.
(3) Piping, valves, and fittings must be securely supported, and
where necessary, protected against damage.
(4) Drains and dirt traps must be fitted where necessary to prevent
the accumulation of dirt or moisture and located in accessible
locations.
(5) Piping must be used for no other purpose except that it may be
incorporated with the fire detecting system.
(6) Piping passing through accommodation spaces must not be fitted
with drains or other openings within such spaces.
(7) Installation test requirements for carbon dioxide systems. The
distribution piping of a carbon dioxide fixed gas extinguishing system
must be tested as required by this paragraph, upon completion of the
piping installation, using only carbon dioxide, compressed air, or
nitrogen gas.
(i) Piping between a storage cylinder and a stop valve in the
manifold must be subjected to a pressure of 1,000 psi, except as
permitted in paragraph (d)(7)(iii) of this section. Without additional
gas being introduced to the system, the pressure drop must not exceed
300 psi after two minutes.
(ii) A distribution line to a space protected by the system must be
subjected to a test similar to that described in paragraph (d)(7)(i) of
this section except the pressure used must be 600 psi. For the purpose
of this test, the distribution piping must be capped within the space
protected at the first joint between the nozzles and the storage
cylinders.
(iii) A small independent system protecting a space such as a paint
locker may be tested by blowing out the piping with air at a pressure
of not less than 100 psi instead of the tests prescribed in the
paragraphs (d)(7)(i) and (d)(7)(ii) of this section.
(8) Installation test requirements for Halon 1301 systems. The
distribution piping of a Halon 1301 fixed gas extinguishing system must
be tested, as required by this paragraph (d), upon completion of the
piping installation, using only carbon dioxide, compressed air, or
nitrogen.
(i) When pressurizing the piping, pressure must be increased in
small increments. Each joint must be subjected to a soap bubble leak
test, and all joints must be leak free.
(ii) Piping between the storage cylinders and the manifold stop
valve must be subjected to a leak test conducted at the maximum
allowable working pressure at 130 deg.F (55 deg.C). Without
additional gas being added to the system, there must be no loss of
pressure over a two minute period after thermal equilibrium is reached.
(iii) Distribution piping between the manifold stop valve and the
first nozzle in the system must be capped and pneumatically tested for
a period of 10 minutes at 150 psig. At the end of 10 minutes, the
pressure drop must not exceed 10% of the test pressure.
(e) Pressure relief. When required by the cognizant OCMI, spaces
which are protected by a fixed gas fire extinguishing system and which
are relatively air tight, such as refrigeration spaces, paint lockers,
etc., must be provided with suitable means for relieving excessive
pressure within the space when the agent is released.
(f) Specific requirements for carbon dioxide systems. A custom
engineered fixed gas fire extinguishing system, which uses carbon
dioxide as the extinguishing agent, must meet the requirements of this
paragraph.
(1) Piping, valves, and fittings must have a bursting pressure of
not less than 6,000 psi. Piping, in nominal sizes of not more than \3/
4\ inch, must be at least Schedule 40 (standard weight), and in nominal
sizes of over \3/4\ inch, must be at least Schedule 80 (extra heavy).
(2) A pressure relief valve or equivalent set to relieve at between
2,400 and 2,800 psi must be installed in the distribution manifold to
protect the piping from overpressurization.
(3) Nozzles must be approved by the Commandant.
(4) When installed in a machinery space, paint locker, a space
containing flammable liquid stores, or a space with a fuel tank, a
fixed carbon dioxide system must meet the following requirements.
(i) The quantity of carbon dioxide (in pounds) that the system must
be capable of providing to a space must not be less than the gross
volume of the space divided by the appropriate factor given in Table
181.410(f)(4)(i). If fuel can drain from a space being protected to an
adjacent space or if the spaces are not entirely separate, the volume
of both spaces must be used to determine the quantity of carbon dioxide
to be provided. The carbon dioxide must be arranged to discharge into
both such spaces simultaneously.
Table 181.410(f)(4)(i)
[Gross volume of space in cubic feet]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Factor Over Not over
------------------------------------------------------------------------
15.............................................. .......... 500
16.............................................. 500 1,600
18.............................................. 1,600 4,500
20.............................................. 4,500 50,000
22.............................................. 50,000 ..........
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) The minimum size of a branch line to a space must be as noted
in Table 181.410(f)(4)(ii).
Table 181(f)(4)(ii)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Maximum
Minimum quantity Minimum
nominal of nominal
Maximum quantity of carbon dioxide pipe carbon pipe
required (pounds) size dioxide size
(inches) required (inches)
(pounds)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
100....................................... \1/2\ 2,500 2.5
225....................................... \3/4\ 4,450 3
300....................................... 1 7,100 3.5
600....................................... 1.25 10,450 4
1,000..................................... 1.5 15,500 4.5
2,450..................................... 2 ........ ........
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(iii) Distribution piping within a space must be proportioned from
the distribution line to give proper supply to the outlets without
throttling.
(iv) The number, type, and location of discharge outlets must
provide uniform distribution of carbon dioxide throughout a space.
(v) The area of each discharge outlet must not exceed 85 percent
nor be less than 35 percent of the nominal cylinder outlet area or the
area of the supply pipe, whichever is smaller. The nominal cylinder
outlet area (in square inches) is determined by multiplying the factor
0.0022 by the total capacity (in pounds) of all carbon dioxide
cylinders in the system, except in no case must the outlet area be of
less than 0.110 square inch.
(vi) The discharge of at least 85 percent of the required amount of
carbon dioxide must be completed within two minutes.
(5) When installed in an enclosed ventilation system for rotating
electrical propulsion equipment a fixed carbon dioxide system must meet
the following requirements.
(i) The quantity of carbon dioxide (in pounds) must be sufficient
for initial and delayed discharges as required by this paragraph. The
initial discharge must be equal to the gross volume of the system
divided by 10 for ventilation systems having a volume of less than
2,000 cubic feet, or divided by 12 for ventilation systems having a
volume of at least 2,000 cubic feet. In addition, there must be
sufficient carbon dioxide available to permit delayed discharges to
maintain at least a 25 percent concentration until the equipment can be
stopped. If the initial discharge achieves this concentration until the
equipment is stopped, a delayed discharge is not required.
(ii) The piping sizes for the initial discharge must be in
accordance with Table 181.410(f)(4)(ii) and the discharge of the
required amount must be completed within two minutes.
(iii) Piping for the delayed discharge must not be less than \1/2\
inch nominal pipe size, may be incorporated with the initial discharge
piping, and need not meet specific requirement for discharge rate.
(6) When installed in a cargo space a fixed carbon dioxide system
must meet the following requirements.
(i) The number of pounds of carbon dioxide required for each space
in cubic feet must be equal to the gross volume of the space in cubic
feet divided by 30;
(ii) System piping must be of at least \3/4\ inch.
(iii) No specific discharge rate is required.
(g) Specific requirements for Halon 1301 systems.
(1) A custom engineered fixed gas fire extinguishing system, which
uses Halon 1301, must comply with the applicable sections of UL
Standard 1058 and the requirements of this paragraph (g).
(2) The Halon 1301 quantity and discharge requirements of UL 1058
apply, with the exception that the Halon 1301 design concentration must
be 6 percent at the lowest ambient temperature expected in the space.
If the lowest temperature is not known, a temperature of 0 deg.F must
be assumed.
(3) Each storage cylinder in a system must have the same pressure
and volume.
(4) Computer programs used in designing systems must have been
approved by an independent laboratory.
Sec. 181.420 Pre-engineered fixed gas fire extinguishing systems.
(a) A pre-engineered fixed gas fire extinguishing system must:
(1) Be approved by the Commandant;
(2) Be capable of manual actuation from outside the space in
addition to automatic actuation by a heat detector; and
(3) Automatically shut down all power ventilation systems and all
engines that draw intake air from within the protected space.
(b) A vessel on which a pre-engineered fixed gas system is
installed must have the following equipment at the operating station:
(1) A light to indicate discharge;
(2) An audible alarm which sounds upon discharge; and
(3) A means to reset devices used to automatically shut down
ventilation systems and engines as required by paragraph (a)(3) of this
section.
(c) Only one pre-engineered fixed gas system is allowed to be
installed in each space protected by such a system.
Sec. 181.425 Galley hood fire extinguishing systems.
(a) A grease extraction hood required by Sec. 181.400 must meet UL
710.
(b) A grease extraction hood must be equipped with a dry or wet
chemical fire extinguishing system meeting the applicable sections of
NFPA 17 or 17A, and must be listed by an independent laboratory
recognized by the Commandant.
Sec. 181.450 Independent modular smoke detecting units.
An independent modular smoke detecting unit must:
(a) Meet UL Standard 217 and be listed as a ``Single Station Smoke
Detector--Also suitable for use in Recreational Vehicles'';
(b) Contain an independent power source; and
(c) Alarm on low power.
Subpart E--Portable Fire Extinguishers
Sec. 181.500 Required number, type, and location.
(a) Each portable fire extinguisher on a vessel must be of an
approved type. The minimum number of portable fire extinguishers
required on a vessel must be acceptable to the cognizant OCMI, but must
be not less than the minimum number required by Table 181.500(a) and
other provisions of this section.
Table.--181.500(a)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Minimum number
Space protected required CG Class Medium Minimum size
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Operating station................. 1 B-I, C-I Halon............. 2.5 lb.
CO2............... 4 lb.
Dry chemical...... 2 lb.
Machinery space................... 1 B-II, C-II located Halon............. 10 lb.
just outside exit
CO2............... 15 lb.
Dry chemical...... 10 lb.
Open vehicle deck................. 1 for each 10 B-II Foam.............. 2.5 gal
vehicles
Halon............. 10 lb.
CO2............... 15 lb.
Dry chemical...... 10 lb.
Accomodation space................ 1 for each 2,500 A-II Foam.............. 2.5 gal.
square feet or
fraction thereof
Dry chemical...... 5 lb.
Galley, pantry, concession stand.. 1 A-II, B-II Foam.............. 2.5 gal.
Dry chemical...... 10 lb.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(b) A vehicle deck without a fixed sprinkler system and exposed to
weather must have one B-II portable fire extinguisher for every five
vehicles, located near an entrance to the space.
(c) The cognizant OCMI may permit the use of a larger portable fire
extinguisher, or a semiportable fire extinguisher, in lieu of those
required by this section.
(d) The frame or support of each B-V fire extinguisher permitted by
paragraph (c) of this section must be welded or otherwise permanently
attached to a bulkhead or deck.
Sec. 181.520 Installation and location.
Portable fire extinguishers must be located so that they are
clearly visible and readily accessible from the space being protected.
The installation and location must be to the satisfaction of the
Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection.
Subpart F--Additional Equipment
Sec. 181.600 Fire axe.
A vessel of more than 65 feet in length must have at least one fire
axe located in or adjacent to the primary operating station.
Sec. 181.610 Fire bucket.
A vessel must have at least three 2\1/2\ gallon buckets, with an
attached lanyard satisfactory to the cognizant OCMI, placed so as to be
easily available during an emergency. The words ``FIRE BUCKET'' must be
stenciled in a contrasting color on each bucket.
PART 182--MACHINERY INSTALLATION
Subpart A--General Provisions
Sec.
182.100 Intent.
182.115 Applicability to existing vessels.
182.130 Alternative standards.
Subpart B--Propulsion Machinery
182.200 General.
182.220 Installations.
Subpart C--Auxiliary Machinery
182.300 General.
182.310 Installations.
182.320 Hot water heaters.
182.330 Pressure vessels.
Subpart D--Specific Machinery Requirements
182.400 Applicability.
182.405 Fuel restrictions.
182.410 General requirements.
182.415 Carburetors.
182.420 Engine cooling.
182.422 Keel and grid cooler installations.
182.425 Engine exhaust cooling.
182.430 Engine exhaust pipe installation.
182.435 Integral fuel tanks.
182.440 Independent fuel tanks.
182.445 Fill and sounding pipes for fuel tanks.
182.450 Vent pipes for fuel tanks.
182.455 Fuel piping.
182.458 Portable fuel systems.
182.460 Ventilation of spaces containing machinery powered by, or
fuel tanks for, gasoline.
182.465 Ventilation of spaces containing diesel machinery.
182.470 Ventilation of spaces containing diesel fuel tanks.
182.480 Flammable vapor detection systems.
Subpart E--Bilge and Ballast Systems
182.500 General.
182.510 Bilge piping system.
182.520 Bilge pumps.
182.530 Bilge level alarms.
182.540 Ballast systems.
Subpart F--Steering Systems
182.600 General.
182.610 Main steering gear.
182.620 Auxiliary means of steering.
Subpart G--Piping Systems
182.700 General.
182.710 Piping for vital systems.
182.715 Piping subject to more than 150 psi in non-vital systems.
182.720 Nonmetallic piping materials.
182.730 Nonferrous metallic piping materials.
Authority: 46 U.S.C. 3306; E.O. 12234, 45 FR 58801, 3 CFR, 1980
Comp., p. 277; 49 CFR 1.46.
Subpart A--General Provisions
Sec. 182.100 Intent.
This part contains requirements for the design, construction,
installation, and operation of propulsion and auxiliary machinery,
piping and pressure systems, steering apparatus, and associated safety
systems. Machinery and equipment installed on each vessel must be
suitable for the vessel and its operation and for the purpose intended.
All machinery and equipment must be installed and maintained in such a
manner as to afford adequate protection from causing fire, explosion,
machinery failure, and personnel injury.
Sec. 182.115 Applicability to existing vessels.
(a) Except as otherwise required by paragraphs (b) and (c) of this
section, an existing vessel must comply with the regulations on
machinery, bilge and ballast system equipment, steering apparatus, and
piping systems or components which were applicable to the vessel on
[date of day before effective date of regulations] or, as an
alternative, the vessel may comply with the regulations in this part.
(b) New installations of machinery, bilge and ballast system
equipment, steering equipment, and piping systems or components on an
existing vessel, which are completed to the satisfaction of the
cognizant OCMI on or after [effective date of regulations], must comply
with the regulations of this part. Replacement of existing equipment
installed on the vessel prior to [effective date of regulations] need
not comply with the regulations in this part.
(c) An existing vessel equipped with machinery powered by gasoline
or other fuels having a flash point of 110 deg.F or lower must comply
with the requirements of Sec. 182.410(c) on or before [date 3 years
after effective date of regulations].
Sec. 182.130 Alternative standards.
(a) A vessel of not more than 65 feet in length carrying not more
than 12 passengers propelled by gasoline or diesel internal combustion
engines, other than a dynamically supported craft, may comply with the
requirements listed in paragraph (b) of this section instead of
complying with the requirements of this part.
(b) The alternative standards for vessels identified in paragraph
(a) of this section are:
(1) Auxiliary boilers, hot water heaters, and all unfired pressure
vessels must comply with subpart C of this part;
(2) Gasoline engines must comply with Sec. 182.415;
(3) Bilge systems must comply with Sec. 182.500;
(4) Steering systems must comply with subpart F of this part; and
(5) The following American Boat and Yacht Council (ABYC) Projects
and regulations in 33 CFR subchapter S (Boating Safety), where
applicable:
(i) H-2--``Ventilation of Boats Using Gasoline,'' or 33 CFR part
183, subpart K, ``Ventilation'';
(ii) H-22--``DC Electric Bilge Pumps Operating Under 50 Volts'';
(iii) H-24--``Gasoline Fuel Systems'', or 33 CFR part 183, subpart
J--``Fuel System'';
(iv) H-25--``Portable Fuel Systems for Flammable Liquids'';
(v) H-32--``Ventilation of Boats Using Diesel Fuel'';
(vi) H-33--``Diesel Fuel Systems'';
(vii) P-1--``Installation of Exhaust Systems for Propulsion and
Auxiliary Engines''; and
(viii) P-4--``Marine Inboard Engines''.
Subpart B--Propulsion Machinery
Sec. 182.200 General.
(a) Propulsion machinery must be suitable in type and design for
propulsion requirements of the hull in which it is installed and
capable of operating at constant marine load under such requirements
without exceeding its designed limitations.
(b) All engines must have at least two means for stopping the
engine(s) under any operating conditions. The fuel oil shutoff required
at the engine by Sec. 182.455(b)(4) will satisfy one means of stopping
the engine.
Sec. 182.220 Installations.
(a) Except as otherwise provided in this section, propulsion
machinery installations must comply with the provisions of this part.
(b) The requirements for machinery and boilers for steam and
electrically propelled vessels are contained in applicable regulations
in subchapter F (Marine Engineering) and subchapter J (Electrical
Engineering) of this chapter.
(c) Propulsion machinery of an unusual type for small passenger
vessels must be given separate consideration and must be subject to
such requirements as determined necessary by the Officer in Charge,
Marine Inspection. These unusual types of propulsion machinery include:
(1) Gas turbine machinery installations;
(2) Air screws;
(3) Hydraulic jets; and
(4) Machinery installations using propulsion and lift devices.
Subpart C--Auxiliary Machinery
Sec. 182.300 General.
Auxiliary machinery must be suitable in type and design for the
purpose intended.
Sec. 182.310 Installations.
(a) Auxiliary machinery of the internal combustion piston type must
comply with the provisions of this part.
(b) Auxiliary machinery of the steam or gas turbine type will be
given separate consideration and must meet the applicable requirements
of subchapter F (Marine Engineering) of this chapter as determined
necessary by the cognizant OCMI.
(c) Auxiliary boilers and heating boilers and their associated
piping and fittings will be given separate consideration and must meet
the applicable requirements of subchapter F (Marine Engineering) of
this chapter as determined necessary by the cognizant OCMI, except that
heating boilers must be tested or examined every three years.
Sec. 182.320 Hot water heaters.
(a) A hot water heater must meet the requirements of parts 52 and
63 of this chapter if rated at more than 100 psig (689 kPa) or
250 deg.F (121 deg.C).
(b) A hot water heater must meet the requirements of parts 53 and
63 of this chapter if rated at not more than 100 psig (689 kPa) and
250 deg.F (121 deg.C), except that an electric hot water heater is also
acceptable if it:
(1) Has a capacity of not more than 120 gallons (454 liters);
(2) Has a heat input of not more than 58.6 kilowatts (200,000 Btu
per hour);
(3) Is listed by Underwriters' Laboratories under UL Standard 174
or 1453; and
(4) Is protected by a pressure-temperature relief device.
Sec. 182.330 Pressure vessels.
All unfired pressure vessels must be installed to the satisfaction
of the cognizant OCMI. The design, construction, and original testing
of such unfired pressure vessels must meet the applicable requirements
of subchapter F (Marine Engineering) of this chapter.
Subpart D--Specific Machinery Requirements
Sec. 182.400 Applicability.
(a) This subpart applies to all propulsion and auxiliary machinery
installations of the internal combustion piston type.
(b) Requirements of this subpart that are only applicable to
engines which use gasoline or other fuels having a flashpoint of
110 deg.F or lower are specifically designated in each section.
(c) Requirements of this subpart that are only applicable to
engines which use diesel fuel or other fuels having a flashpoint of
more than 110 deg.F are specifically designated in each section.
(d) Where no specific gasoline, diesel, or other fuel designation
exists, the requirements of this subpart are applicable to all types of
fuels and machinery.
Sec. 182.405 Fuel restrictions.
The use of alternative fuels, other than diesel fuel or gasoline,
as fuel for an internal combustion engine will be reviewed on a case by
case basis by Commandant.
Sec. 182.410 General requirements.
(a) Starting motors, generators, and any spark producing device
must be mounted as high above the bilges as practicable. Electrical
equipment in spaces, compartments, or enclosures that contain machinery
powered by, or fuel tanks for, gasoline or other fuels having a
flashpoint of 110 deg.F or lower must be explosion-proof, intrinsically
safe, or ignition protected for use in a gasoline atmosphere as
required by Sec. 183.530 of this subchapter.
(b) Gauges to indicate engine RPM, cooling water discharge
temperature, and lubricating oil pressure must be provided for all
propulsion engines installed in the vessel. The gauges must be readily
visible at the operating station.
(c) An enclosed space containing machinery powered by gasoline or
other fuels having a flash point of 110 deg.F or lower must be equipped
with a flammable vapor detection device in compliance with
Sec. 182.480.
(d) In systems and applications where flexible hoses are permitted
to be clamped:
(1) Double hose clamping is required where practicable;
(2) The clamps must be of a corrosion resistant metallic material;
(3) The clamps must not depend on spring tension for their holding
power; and
(4) Two clamps must be used on each end of the hose, or one hose
clamp can be used if the pipe ends are expanded or beaded to provide a
positive stop against hose slippage.
(e) An overspeed trip and or shutdown device must be installed on
all diesel engine installations designed to produce 300 or more
horsepower under ideal conditions, as follows:
(1) For main propulsion engines, meet section 34.11.6 of the ABS
``Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels.''
(2) For generator prime movers, meet section 35.21.2 of the ABS
``Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels.''
Sec. 182.415 Carburetors.
(a) All carburetors except the downdraft type must be equipped with
integral or externally fitted drip collectors of adequate capacity and
arranged so as to permit ready removal of fuel leakage. Externally
fitted drip collectors, must be covered with flame screens. Drip
collectors, where practicable, should automatically drain back to
engine air intakes.
(b) All gasoline engines installed in a vessel, except outboard
engines, must be equipped with an acceptable means of backfire flame
control. Installation of backfire flame arresters bearing basic
Approval Numbers 162.015 or 162.041 or engine air and fuel induction
systems bearing basic Approval Numbers 162.042 or 162.043 may be
continued in use as long as they are serviceable and in good condition.
New installations or replacements must meet the applicable requirements
of this section.
(c) The following are acceptable means of backfire flame control
for gasoline engines:
(1) A backfire flame arrester complying with SAE J-1928 or UL 1111
and marked accordingly. The flame arrester must be suitably secured to
the air intake with a flametight connection.
(2) An engine air and fuel induction system which provides adequate
protection from propagation of backfire flame to the atmosphere
equivalent to that provided by an acceptable backfire flame arrester. A
gasoline engine utilizing an air and fuel induction system, and
operated without an approved backfire flame arrester, must either
include a reed valve assembly or be installed in accordance with SAE J-
1928.
(3) An arrangement of the carburetor or engine air induction system
that will disperse any flames caused by engine backfire. The flames
must be dispersed to the atmosphere outside the vessel in such a manner
that the flames will not endanger the vessel, persons on board, or
nearby vessels and structures. Flame dispersion may be achieved by
attachments to the carburetor or location of the engine air induction
system. All attachments must be of metallic construction with
flametight connections and firmly secured to withstand vibration,
shock, and engine backfire. Such installations do not require formal
approval and labeling but must comply with this subpart.
(4) An engine air induction system on a vessel with an integrated
engine-vessel design must be approved, marked, and tested under
Sec. 162.043 of this chapter.
Sec. 182.420 Engine cooling.
(a) Except as otherwise provided in paragraphs (b), (c), (d), and
(e) of this section, all engines must be water cooled and meet the
requirements of this paragraph.
(1) The engine head, block, and exhaust manifold must be water-
jacketed and cooled by water from a pump which operates whenever the
engine is operating.
(2) A suitable hull strainer must be installed in the circulating
raw water intake line of an engine cooling water system.
(3) A closed fresh water system may be used to cool the engine.
(b) An engine water cooling system on a vessel of not more than 65
feet in length carrying not more than 12 passengers, may comply with
the requirements of ABYC Project P-4, ``Marine Inboard Engines,''
instead of the requirements of paragraph (a) of this section.
(c) On a vessel of not more than 65 feet in length carrying not
more than 12 passengers, a propulsion gasoline engine may be air cooled
when in compliance with the requirements of ABYC Project P-4, ``Marine
Inboard Engines.''
(d) An auxiliary gasoline engine may be air cooled when:
(1) It has a self-contained fuel system and it is installed on an
open deck; or
(2) On a vessel of not more than 65 feet in length carrying not
more than 12 passengers, it is in compliance with the requirements of
ABYC P-4, ``Marine Inboard Engines.''
(e) A propulsion or auxiliary diesel engine may be air cooled or
employ an air cooled jacket water radiator when:
(1) Installed on an open deck and sufficient ventilation for
machinery cooling is available;
(2) Installed in an enclosed or partially enclosed space for which
ventilation for machinery cooling is provided, which complies with the
requirement of Sec. 119.465(b), and other necessary safeguards are
taken so as not to endanger the vessel; or
(3) Installed on a vessel of not more than 65 feet in length
carrying not more than 12 passengers, in compliance with the
requirements of ABYC Project P-4, ``Marine Inboard Engines.''
Sec. 182.422 Keel and grid cooler installations.
(a) A keel or grid cooler installation used for engine cooling must
be designed to prevent flooding.
(b) A shutoff valve must be located where the cooler piping
penetrates the shell, as near the shell as practicable, except where
the penetration is forward of the collision bulkhead.
(c) The thickness of the inlet and discharge connections, outboard
of the shutoff valves required by paragraph (b) of this section, must
be at least Schedule 80.
(d) Short lengths of approved nonmetallic flexible hose, fixed by
hose clamps, may be used at machinery connections for a keel cooler
installation.
Sec. 182.425 Engine exhaust cooling.
(a) Except as otherwise provided in this paragraph, all engine
exhaust pipes must be water cooled.
(1) Vertical dry exhaust pipes are permissible if installed in
compliance with Secs. 177.405(b) and 177.970 of this subchapter.
(2) Horizontal dry exhaust pipes are permitted only if:
(i) They do not pass through living or berthing spaces;
(ii) They terminate above the deepest load waterline;
(iii) They are so arranged as to prevent entry of cold water from
rough or boarding seas;
(iv) They are constructed of corrosion resisting material at the
hull penetration; and
(v) They are installed in compliance with Secs. 177.405(b) and
177.970 of this subchapter.
(b) The exhaust pipe cooling water system must comply with the
requirements of this paragraph.
(1) Water for cooling the exhaust pipe must be obtained from the
engine cooling water system or a separate engine driven pump.
(2) Water for cooling the exhaust pipe, other than a vertical
exhaust, must be injected into the exhaust system as near to the engine
manifold as practicable. The water must pass through the entire length
of the exhaust pipe.
(3) The part of the exhaust system between the point of cooling
water injection and the engine manifold must be water-jacketed or
effectively insulated and protected in compliance with Secs. 177.405(b)
and 177.970 of this subchapter.
(4) Vertical exhaust pipes must be water-jacketed or suitably
insulated between the engine manifold and the spark arrester required
by Sec. 182.430(g).
(5) When the exhaust cooling water system is separate from the
engine cooling water system, a suitable warning device, visual or
audible, must be installed at the operating station to indicate any
reduction in normal water flow in the exhaust cooling system.
(6) A suitable hull strainer must be installed in the circulating
raw water intake line for the exhaust cooling system.
(c) Engine exhaust cooling systems built in accordance with the
requirements of ABYC Project P-1, ``Installation of Exhaust Systems for
Propulsion and Auxiliary Machinery,'' will be considered as meeting the
requirements of this section.
Sec. 182.430 Engine exhaust pipe installation.
(a) The design of all exhaust systems must ensure minimum risk of
injury to personnel. Protection must be provided in compliance with
Sec. 177.970 of this subchapter at such locations where persons or
equipment might come in contact with an exhaust pipe.
(b) Exhaust gas must not leak from the piping or any connections.
The piping must be properly supported by noncombustible hangers or
blocks.
(c) The exhaust piping must be so arranged as to prevent backflow
of water from reaching engine exhaust ports under normal conditions.
(d) An exhaust pipe discharge located less than 3 inches above the
deepest load waterline must be fitted with means to prevent the ingress
of water.
(e) Pipes used for wet exhaust lines must be schedule 80 or
corrosion-resistant material and adequately protected from mechanical
damage.
(f) Where flexibility is necessary, a section of flexible metallic
hose may be used. Nonmetallic hose may be used for wet exhaust systems
provided it is especially adapted to resist the action of oil, acid,
and heat, has a wall thickness sufficient to prevent collapsing or
panting, and is double clamped.
(g) Where an exhaust pipe passes through a watertight bulkhead, the
watertight integrity of the bulkhead must be maintained. Noncombustible
packing must be used in bulkhead penetration glands for dry exhaust
systems. A wet exhaust pipe may be welded to a steel bulkhead in way of
a penetration and a fiberglass wet exhaust pipe may be fiberglassed to
a fiberglass reinforced plastic bulkhead if suitable arrangements are
provided to relieve the stresses resulting from the expansion of the
exhaust piping.
(h) A dry exhaust pipe must:
(1) If it passes through a combustible bulkhead or partition, be
kept clear of and suitably insulated or shielded from combustible
material.
(2) Be provided with noncombustible hangers and blocks for support.
(i) An exhaust pipe discharge terminating in a transom must be
located as far outboard as practicable so that exhaust gases cannot re-
enter the vessel.
(j) Arrangements must be made to provide access to allow complete
inspection of the exhaust piping throughout its length.
(k) An exhaust installation subject to pressures in excess of 15
pounds per square inch gauge or having exhaust pipes passing through
living or working spaces must meet the material requirements of part 56
of subchapter F (Marine Engineering) of this chapter.
(l) Engine exhaust installations built in accordance with the
requirements of ABYC Project P-1, ``Installations of Exhaust Systems
for Propulsion and Auxiliary Machinery,'' will be considered as meeting
the requirements of this section.
Sec. 182.435 Integral fuel tanks.
(a) Gasoline fuel tanks must be independent of the hull.
(b) Diesel fuel tanks may not be built integral with the hull of a
vessel unless the hull is made of:
(1) Steel;
(2) Aluminum; or
(3) Fiber reinforced plastic when:
(i) Sandwich construction is not used; or
(ii) Sandwich construction is used with only a core material of
closed cell polyvinyl chloride.
(c) During the initial inspection for certification of a vessel,
integral fuel tanks must withstand a hydrostatic pressure test of 5
pounds per square inch, or the maximum pressure head to which they may
be subjected in service, whichever is greater. A standpipe of 11\1/2\
feet in height attached to the tank may be filled with water to
accomplish the 5 pounds per square inch test.
Sec. 182.440 Independent fuel tanks.
(a) Materials and construction. Independent fuel tanks must be
designed and constructed of materials in compliance with the
requirements of this paragraph.
(1) The material used and the minimum thickness allowed must be as
indicated in table 182.440(a)(1), except that other materials which
provide equivalent safety may be approved for use under paragraph
(a)(3) of this section. Tanks having a capacity of more than 150
gallons must be designed to withstand the maximum head to which they
may be subjected in service, but in no case may the thickness be less
than that specified in table 182.440(a)(1).
Table--182.440(a)(1)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thickness in inches & gage number\1\ vs. tank capacities
for
ASTM specification (latest -----------------------------------------------------------
Material edition) More than 80 and
1 to 80 gallon not more than 150 Over 150\2\ gallon
tanks gallon tanks tanks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nickel-copper.......... B127, hot rolled sheet or 0.037 (USSG 20)\3\ 0.050 (USSG 18)... 0.107 (USSG 12)
plate.
Copper-nickel\4\....... B122, UNS alloy C71500..... 0.045 (AWG 17).... 0.057 (AWG 15).... 0.128 (AWG 8)
Copper\4\.............. B152, UNS alloy C11000..... 0.057 (AWG 15).... 0.081 (AWG 12).... 0.182 (AWG 5)
Copper-silicon\4\...... B97, alloys A, B, and C.... 0.051 (AWG 16).... 0.064 (AWG 14).... 0.144 (AWG 7)
Steel or iron\5\,\6\... ........................... 0.0747 (MSG 14)... 0.1046 (MSG 12)... 0.1793 (MSG 7)
Aluminum\7\............ B209, alloy 5052, 5083, 0.250 (USSG 3).... 0.250 (USSG 3).... 0.250 (USSG 3)
5086.
Fiber reinforced ........................... As required\8\.... As required\8\.... As required\8\
plastic.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\The gage numbers used in this table may be found in many standard engineering reference books. The letters
``USSG'' stand for ``U.S. Standard Gage,'' which was established by the Act of March 3, 1892 (15 U.S.C. 206),
for sheet and plate iron and steel. The letters ``AWG'' stand for ``American Wire Gage'' (or Brown and Sharpe
Gage) for noferrous sheet thicknesses. The letters ``MSG'' stand for ``Manufacturers' Standard Gage'' for
sheet steel thickness.
\2\Tanks over 400 gallons shall be designed with a factor of safety of four on the ultimate strength of the
material used with a design head of not less than 4 feet of liquid above the top of the tank.
\3\Nickel-copper not less than 0.031 inch (USSG 22) may be used for tanks up to 30-gallon capacity.
\4\Acceptable only for gasoline service.
\5\Gasoline fuel tanks constructed of iron or steel, which are less than \3/16\ inch thick, shall be galvanized
inside and outside by the hot dip process. Tanks intended for use with diesel oil shall not be internally
galvanized.
\6\Stainless steel tanks are not included in this category.
\7\Anodic to most common metals. Avoid dissimilar metal contact with tank body.
\8\The requirements of Sec. 182.440(a)(2) apply.
(2) Fiber reinforced plastic may be used for diesel fuel tanks
under the following provisions:
(i) The materials must be fire retardant. Flammability of the
material must be determined by the standard test methods ASTM D635 and
ASTM D2863. The results of the tests must show that the average extent
of burning is less than 0.394 inches (10mm), the average time of
burning is less than 50 seconds, and the limiting oxygen index is
greater than 21.
(ii) Tanks must meet UL Standard 1102. Testing may be accomplished
by an independent laboratory or by the fabricator to the satisfaction
of the OCMI.
(iii) Tanks must be designed to withstand the maximum head to which
they may be subjected to in service.
(iv) Installation of nozzles, flanges or other fittings for pipe
connections to the tanks must be acceptable to the cognizant OCMI.
(v) Baffle plates, if installed, must be of the same material and
not less than the minimum thickness of the tank walls. Limber holes at
the bottom and air holes at the top of all baffles must be provided.
Baffle plates must be installed at the time the tests required by UL
Standard 1102 are conducted.
(3) Materials other than those listed in Table 182.440(a)(1) must
be approved by the Commandant. An independent tank using material
approved by the Commandant under this paragraph must meet the testing
requirements of UL Standard 1102. Testing may be accomplished by an
independent laboratory or by the fabricator to the satisfaction of the
OCMI.
(4) Tanks with flanged-up top edges which may trap and hold
moisture are prohibited.
(5) Openings for fill pipes, vent pipes, and machinery fuel supply
pipes, and openings for fuel level gauges, where used, must be on the
topmost surfaces of tanks. Tanks may not have any openings in bottoms,
sides, or ends, except for:
(i) An opening fitted with a threaded plug or cap installed for
tank cleaning purposes; and
(ii) In a diesel fuel tank, openings for supply piping and tubular
gauge glasses.
(6) All tank joints must be welded or brazed. Lap joints may not be
used.
(7) Nozzles, flanges, or other fittings for pipe connections to a
metal tank must be welded or brazed to the tank. Tank openings in way
of pipe connections must be properly reinforced where necessary. Where
fuel level gauges are used on a metal tank, the flanges to which gauge
fittings are attached must be welded or brazed to the tank. No tubular
gauge glasses may be fitted to gasoline fuel tanks. Tubular gauge
glasses, if fitted to diesel fuel tanks, must be of heat resistant
materials, adequately protected from mechanical damage, and provided at
the tank connections with devices which will automatically close in the
event of rupture of the gauge or gauge lines.
(8) A metal tank exceeding 30 inches in any horizontal dimension
must:
(i) Be fitted with vertical baffle plates, which meet paragraph
(a)(9) of this section, at intervals not exceeding 30 inches to provide
strength and to control the excessive surge of fuel; or
(ii) The owner shall submit calculations to the cognizant OCMI
demonstrating the structural adequacy of the tank in a fully loaded
static condition and in a worst case dynamic (sloshing) condition.
(9) Baffle plates, where required in metal tanks, must be of the
same material and not less than the minimum thickness required in the
tank walls and must be connected to the tank walls by welding or
brazing. Limber holes at the bottom and air holes at the top of all
baffles must be provided.
(10) Iron or steel diesel fuel tanks must not be galvanized on the
interior. Galvanizing, paint, or other suitable coating must be used to
protect the outside of iron and steel diesel fuel tanks and the inside
and outside of iron and steel gasoline fuel tanks.
(b) Location and installation. Independent fuel tanks must be
located and installed in compliance with the requirements of this
paragraph.
(1) Fuel tanks must be located in, or as close as practicable to,
machinery spaces.
(2) Fuel tanks and fittings must be so installed as to permit
examination, testing, or removal for cleaning with minimum disturbance
to the hull structure.
(3) Fuel tanks must be adequately supported and braced to prevent
movement. The supports and braces must be insulated from contact with
the tank surfaces with a nonabrasive and nonabsorbent material.
(4) All fuel tanks must be electrically bonded to a common ground.
(c) Tests. Independent fuel tanks must be tested in compliance with
the requirements of this part prior to being used to carry fuel.
(1) Prior to installation, tanks vented to the atmosphere must be
hydrostatically tested to, and must withstand, a pressure of 5 pounds
per square inch or 1\1/2\ times the maximum pressure head to which they
may be subjected in service, whichever is greater. A standpipe of 11\1/
2\ feet in height attached to the tank may be filled with water to
accomplish the 5 pounds per square inch test. Permanent deformation of
the tank will not be cause for rejection unless accompanied by leakage.
(2) After installation of the fuel tank on a vessel, the complete
installation must be tested in the presence of a marine inspector to a
head not less than that to which the tank may be subjected in service.
Fuel may be used as the testing medium.
(3) All tanks not vented to the atmosphere must be constructed and
tested in accordance with Sec. 182.330.
(d) Alternative procedures. A vessel of not more than 65 feet in
length carrying not more than 12 passengers, with independent gasoline
fuel tanks built in accordance with ABYC Project H-24 or 33 CFR part
183, subpart J, or with independent diesel fuel tanks built in
accordance with ABYC Project H-33, will be considered as meeting the
requirements of this section. However, tanks must not be fabricated
from any material not listed in table 182.440(a)(1) without approval by
the Commandant under paragraph (a)(3) of this section.
Sec. 182.445 Fill and sounding pipes for fuel tanks.
(a) Fill pipes for fuel tanks must be not less than 1\1/2\ inches
nominal pipe size.
(b) There must be a means of accurately determining the amount of
fuel in each fuel tank either by sounding, through a separate sounding
pipe or a fill pipe, or by an installed marine type fuel gauge.
(c) Where sounding pipes are used, their openings must be at least
as high as the opening of the fill pipe and they must be kept closed at
all times except during sounding.
(d) Fill pipes and sounding pipes must be so arranged that overflow
of liquid or vapor cannot escape to the inside of the vessel.
(e) Fill pipes and sounding pipes must run as directly as possible,
preferably in a straight line, from the deck connection to the top of
the tank. Such pipes must terminate on the weather deck and must be
fitted with shutoff valves, watertight deck plates, or screw caps,
suitably marked for identification. Gasoline fill pipes and sounding
pipes must extend to within one half of their diameter from the bottom
of the tank. Diesel fill pipes and sounding pipes may terminate at the
top of the tank.
(f) A vessel of not more than 65 feet carrying not more than 12
passengers, with a gasoline fuel system built in accordance with ABYC
Project H-24 or 33 CFR part 183, subpart J, or with a diesel fuel
system built in accordance with ABYC Project H-33 will be considered as
meeting the requirements of this section.
(g) Where a flexible fill pipe section is necessary, suitable
flexible tubing or hose having high resistance to salt water, petroleum
oils, heat and vibration, may be used. Such hose must overlap metallic
pipe ends at least 1\1/2\ times the pipe diameter and must be secured
at each end by clamps. The flexible section must be accessible and as
near the upper end of the fill pipe as practicable. When the flexible
section is a nonconductor of electricity, the metallic sections of the
fill pipe separated thereby must be joined by a conductor for
protection against generation of a static charge when filling with
fuel.
Sec. 182.450 Vent pipes for fuel tanks.
(a) Each unpressurized fuel tank must be fitted with a vent pipe
connected to the highest point of the tank.
(b) The net cross sectional area of the vent pipe for a gasoline
fuel tank must not be less than that of \3/4\ inch O.D. tubing (0.035
inch wall thickness, 20 gauge), except that, where the tank is filled
under pressure, the net cross sectional area of the vent pipe must be
not less than that of the fill pipe.
(c) The minimum net cross sectional area of the vent pipe for
diesel fuel tanks must be as follows:
(1) Not less than the cross sectional area of \5/8\ inch O.D.
tubing (0.035-inch wall thickness, 20 gauge), if the fill pipe
terminates at the top of the tank;
(2) Not less than the cross sectional area of \3/4\ inch O.D.
tubing (0.035-inch wall thickness, 20 gauge), if the fill pipe extends
into the tank; and
(3) Not less than the cross sectional area of the fill pipe if the
tank is filled under pressure.
(d) The discharge ends of fuel tank vent pipes must terminate on
the hull exterior as high above the waterline as practicable and remote
from any hull openings, or they must terminate in U-bends as high above
the weather deck as practicable and as far as practicable from openings
into any enclosed spaces. Vent pipes terminating on the hull exterior
must be installed or equipped to prevent the accidental contamination
of the fuel by water under normal operating conditions.
(e) The discharge ends of fuel tank vent pipes must be fitted with
removable flame screens or flame arresters. The flame screens must
consist of a single screen of corrosion resistant wire of at least
30 x 30 mesh. The flame screens or flame arresters must be of such size
and design as to prevent reduction in the net cross sectional area of
the vent pipe and permit cleaning or renewal of the flame screens or
arrester elements.
(f) A vessel of not more than 65 feet in length carrying not more
than 12 passengers, with fuel gasoline tank vents built in accordance
with ABYC Project H-24, or 33 CFR part 183, subpart J, or with diesel
fuel tank vents built in accordance with ABYC Project H-33, will be
considered as meeting the requirements of this section.
(g) Where a flexible vent pipe section is necessary, suitable
flexible tubing or hose having high resistance to salt water, petroleum
oils, heat and vibration, may be used. Such hose must overlap metallic
pipe ends at least 1\1/2\ times the pipe diameter and must be secured
at each end by clamps. The flexible section must be accessible and as
near the upper end of the vent pipe as practicable.
Sec. 182.455 Fuel piping.
(a) Materials and workmanship. The materials and construction of
fuel lines, including pipe, tube, and hose, must comply with the
requirements of this paragraph.
(1) Fuel lines must be annealed tubing of copper, nickel-copper, or
copper-nickel having a minimum wall thickness of 0.035 inch except
that:
(i) Diesel fuel piping of other materials, such as seamless steel
pipe or tubing, which provide equivalent safety may be used;
(ii) Diesel fuel piping of aluminum is acceptable on aluminum hull
vessels provided it is installed outside the machinery space and is a
minimum of Schedule 80 wall thickness; and
(iii) When used, flexible hose must meet the requirements of
Sec. 182.720(e).
(2) Tubing connections and fittings must be of nonferrous drawn or
forged metal of the flared type except that flareless fittings of the
non-bite type may be used when the tubing system is of nickel-copper or
copper-nickel. When making tube connections, the tubing must be cut
square and flared by suitable tools. Tube ends must be annealed before
flaring.
(3) Cocks are prohibited except for the solid bottom type with
tapered plugs and union bonnets.
(4) Valves for gasoline fuel lines must be of a suitable nonferrous
type.
(b) Installation. The installation of fuel lines, including pipe,
tube, and hose, must comply with the requirements of this paragraph.
(1) Gasoline fuel lines must be connected at the top of the fuel
tank and run at or above the level of the tank top to a point as close
to the engine connection as practicable, except that lines below the
level of the tank top are permitted if equipped with anti-siphon
protection.
(2) Diesel fuel lines may be connected to the fuel tank at or near
the bottom of the tank.
(3) Fuel lines must be accessible, protected from mechanical
injury, and effectively secured against excessive movement and
vibration by the use of soft nonferrous metal straps which have no
sharp edges and are insulated to protect against corrosion. Where
passing through bulkheads, fuel lines must be protected by close
fitting ferrules or stuffing boxes. All fuel lines and fittings must be
accessible for inspection.
(4) Shutoff valves, installed so as to close against the fuel flow,
must be fitted in the fuel supply lines, one at the tank connection and
one at the engine end of the fuel line to stop fuel flow when servicing
accessories. The shutoff valve at the tank must be manually operable
from outside the compartment in which the valve is located, preferably
from an accessible position on the weather deck. If the shutoff valve
at the tank is located inside the Engine Room, it must be located so
that the operator does not have to reach more than 12'' into the Engine
Room and the valve must be shielded from flames by the same material
the hull is constructed of, or some noncombustible material. Electric
solenoid valves must not be used, unless used in addition to the manual
valve.
(5) A loop of copper tubing or a short length of flexible hose must
be installed in the fuel supply line at or near the engines. The
flexible hose must meet the requirements of Sec. 182.720(e).
(6) A suitable metal marine type strainer, meeting the requirements
of the engine manufacturer, must be fitted in the fuel supply line in
the engine compartment. Strainers must be leak free. Strainers must be
of the type opening on top for cleaning screens. A drip pan fitted with
flame screen must be installed under gasoline strainers. Fuel filter
and strainer bowls must be highly resistant to shattering due to
mechanical impact and resistant to failure due to thermal shock. Fuel
filters fitted with bowls of other than steel construction must be
approved by the Commandant and be protected from mechanical damage.
Approval of bowls of other than steel construction will specify if a
flame shield is required.
(7) All accessories installed in the fuel line must be
independently supported.
(8) Outlets in gasoline fuel lines which would permit drawing fuel
below deck, for any purpose, are prohibited.
(9) Valves for removing water or impurities from diesel fuel in
water traps or strainers are permitted. These valves must be provided
with caps or plugs to prevent fuel leakage.
(c) Alternative procedures. A vessel of not more than 65 feet
carrying not more than 12 passengers, with machinery powered by
gasoline and a fuel system built in accordance with ABYC Project H-24
or 33 CFR part 183, subpart J, or with machinery powered by diesel fuel
and a fuel system built in accordance with ABYC Project H-33, will be
considered as meeting the requirements of this section.
Sec. 182.458 Portable fuel systems.
(a) Portable fuel systems, including portable tanks and related
fuel lines and accessories, are prohibited except where used for
outboard motor installations.
(b) The design, construction and stowage of portable tanks and
related fuel lines and accessories must meet the requirements of ABYC
Project H-25, ``Portable Fuel Systems for Flammable Liquids.''
Sec. 182.460 Ventilation of spaces containing machinery powered by, or
fuel tanks for, gasoline.
(a) A space containing machinery powered by, or fuel tanks for,
gasoline must have a ventilation system which complies with this
section and consists of:
(1) For an enclosed space:
(i) At least two natural ventilation supply ducts located at one
end of the space and which extend to the lowest part of the space or to
the bilge on each side of the space; and
(ii) A mechanical exhaust system consisting of at least two
ventilation exhaust ducts located at the end of the space opposite from
where the supply ducts are fitted, which extend to the lowest part or
the bilge of the space on each side of the space, and which are led to
one or more powered exhaust blowers; and
(2) For a partially enclosed space, at least one ventilation duct
installed in the forward part of the space and one ventilation duct
installed in the after part of the space, or as otherwise required by
the cognizant OCMI. Ducts for partially enclosed spaces must have cowls
or scoops as required by paragraph (i) of this section.
(b) A mechanical exhaust system required by paragraph (a)(1)(ii) of
this section must be such as to assure the air changes as noted in
Table 182.460(b) depending upon the size of the space.
Table.--182.460(b)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Size of space in cubic feet
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Over................................................ Not over Minutes
per air
change
0................................................... 500 2
500................................................. 1,000 3
1,000............................................... 1,500 4
1,500............................................... ........ 5
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(c) An exhaust blower motor may not be installed in a duct, and if
mounted in any space required to be ventilated by this section, must be
located as high above the bilge as practicable. Blower blades must be
nonsparking with reference to their housings.
(d) Where a fixed gas fire extinguishing system is installed in a
space, all powered exhaust blowers for the space must automatically
shut down upon release of the extinguishing agent.
(e) Exhaust blower switches must be located outside of any space
required to be ventilated by this section, and must be of the type
interlocked with the starting switch and the ignition switch so that
the blowers are started before the engine starter motor circuit or the
engine ignition is energized. A red warning sign at the switch must
state that the blowers must be operated prior to starting the engines
for the time sufficient to insure at least one complete change of air
in the space served.
(f) The area of the ventilation ducts must be sufficient to limit
the air velocity to a maximum of 2,000 feet per minute. A duct may be
of any shape, provided that in no case will one cross sectional
dimension exceed twice the other.
(g) A duct must be so installed that ordinary collection of water
in the bilge will not block vapor flow.
(h) A duct must be of rigid permanent construction, which does not
allow any appreciable vapor flow except through normal openings, and
made of the same material as the hull or of noncombustible material.
The duct must lead as directly as possible from its intake opening to
its terminus and be securely fastened and supported.
(i) A supply duct must be provided at its intake opening with a
cowl or scoop having a free area not less than twice the required duct
area. When the cowl or scoop is screened, the mouth area must be
increased to compensate for the area of the screen wire. A cowl or
scoop must be kept open at all times except when the weather is such as
to endanger the vessel if the openings are not temporarily closed.
(j) Dampers may not be fitted in a supply duct.
(k) A duct opening may not be located where the natural flow of air
is unduly obstructed, adjacent to possible sources of vapor ignition,
or where exhaust air may be taken into a supply duct.
(l) Provision must be made for closing all supply duct cowls or
scoops and exhaust duct discharge openings for a space protected by a
fixed gas extinguishing system. All closure devices must be readily
available and mounted in the vicinity of the vent.
(m) A vessel of not more than 65 feet in length carrying not more
than 12 passengers, with ventilation installations in accordance with
ABYC Project H-2, ``Ventilation of Boats Using Gasoline,'' or 33 CFR
part 183, subpart K, ``Ventilation,'' will be considered as meeting the
requirements of this section.
Sec. 182.465 Ventilation of spaces containing diesel machinery.
(a) A space containing diesel machinery must be fitted with
adequate means such as dripproof ventilators, ducts, or louvers, to
provide sufficient air for proper operation of main engines and
auxiliary engines.
(b) Air-cooled propulsion and auxiliary diesel engines installed
below deck, as permitted by Sec. 182.420, must be fitted with air
supply ducts or piping from the weather deck. The ducts or piping must
be so arranged and supported to be capable of safely sustaining
stresses induced by weight and engine vibration and to minimize
transfer of vibration to the supporting structure. Prior to
installation of ventilation system for such engines, plans or sketches
showing machinery arrangement including air supplies, exhaust stack,
method of attachment of ventilation ducts to the engine, location of
spark arresting mufflers and capacity of ventilation blowers must be
submitted to the cognizant OCMI for approval.
(c) A space containing diesel machinery must be fitted with at
least two ducts to furnish natural or powered supply and exhaust
ventilation. One duct must extend to a point near the bottom of the
space, and be so installed that the ordinary collection of water in the
bilge will not block air flow in the duct. Where powered ventilation is
installed, the duct extending near the bottom of the space must be the
exhaust. The total inlet area and the total outlet area of each
ventilation duct may not be less than one square inch for each foot of
beam of the vessel. These minimum areas must be increased as necessary
when the ducts are considered as part of the air supply to the engines.
(d) A duct must be of rigid permanent construction, which does not
allow any appreciable vapor flow except through normal openings, and
made of the same material as the hull or of noncombustible material.
The duct must lead as directly as possible from its intake opening to
its terminus and be securely fastened and supported.
(e) A supply duct must be provided with a cowl or scoop having a
free area not less than twice the required duct area. When the cowl or
scoop is screened, the mouth area must be increased to compensate for
the area of the screen wire. A cowl or scoop must be kept open at all
times except when the weather is such as to endanger the vessel if the
openings are not temporarily closed.
(f) Dampers may not be fitted in a supply duct.
(g) A duct opening may not be located where the natural flow of air
is unduly obstructed, adjacent to possible sources of vapor ignition,
or where exhaust air may be taken into a supply duct.
(h) Provision must be made for closing all supply duct cowls or
scoops and exhaust duct discharge openings for a space protected by a
fixed gas extinguishing system. All closure devices must be readily
available and mounted in the vicinity of the vent.
(i) A vessel of not more than 65 feet in length carrying not more
than 12 passengers, with ventilation installations in accordance with
ABYC Project H-32, ``Ventilation of Boats Using Diesel Fuel,'' will be
considered as meeting the requirements of this section.
Sec. 182.470 Ventilation of spaces containing diesel fuel tanks.
(a) Unless provided with ventilation which complies with
Sec. 182.465, a space containing a diesel fuel tank and no machinery
must meet the requirements of this paragraph.
(1) A space of 500 cubic feet or more in volume must have a
gooseneck vent of not less than 2\1/2\ inches in diameter.
(2) A space of less than 500 cubic feet in volume must have a
gooseneck vent of not less than 1\1/2\ inches in diameter.
(b) Vent openings may not be located adjacent to possible sources
of vapor ignition.
(c) A vessel of not more than 65 feet in length carrying not more
than 12 passengers, with ventilation installations in accordance with
ABYC Project H-32, ``Ventilation of Boats Using Diesel Fuel,'' will be
considered as meeting the requirements of this section.
Sec. 182.480 Flammable vapor detection systems.
(a) A flammable vapor detection system must meet UL Standard 1110
and be approved by an independent laboratory.
(b) Procedures for checking the proper operation of a flammable
vapor detection system must be posted at the primary operating station.
The system must be self-monitoring and include a ground fault
indication alarm.
(c) A flammable vapor detection system must be operational for 30
seconds prior to engine startup and continue sensing the entire time
the engine is running.
(d) A flammable vapor detection system must provide a visual and
audible alarm at the operating station.
(e) A sensor must be located above the expected bilge water level
in the following locations:
(1) The lowest part of a machinery space;
(2) The lowest part of a space containing a fuel tank when separate
from the machinery space; and
(3) Any other location when required by the cognizant Officer in
Charge, Marine Inspection.
(f) A flammable vapor detection system must be installed so as to
permit calibration in a vapor free atmosphere.
(g) Electrical connections, wiring, and components for a flammable
vapor detection system must comply with part 183 of this subchapter.
(h) An operation and maintenance manual for the flammable vapor
detection system must be kept onboard.
Subpart E--Bilge and Ballast Systems
Sec. 182.500 General.
(a) A vessel must be provided with a satisfactory arrangement for
draining any watertight compartment, other than small buoyancy
compartments, under all practicable conditions. Sluice valves are not
permitted in watertight bulkheads.
(b) A vessel of not more than 65 feet in length carrying not more
than 12 passengers may meet the requirements of American Boat and Yacht
Council Project H-22 in lieu of the requirements of this subpart,
provided that each watertight compartment, other than small buoyancy
compartments and the compartment forward of the collision bulkhead, is
provided with a means for dewatering.
(c) Special consideration may be given to vessels, such as
dynamically supported craft, that have a high degree of subdivision and
utilize numerous small buoyancy compartments. Where the probability of
flooding of the space is limited to external hull damage, compartment
drainage may be omitted provided it can be shown by stability
calculations, submitted to the cognizant OCMI, that the safety of the
vessel will not be impaired.
Sec. 182.510 Bilge piping system.
(a) A vessel of at least 26 feet in length must be provided with
individual bilge lines and bilge suctions for each watertight
compartment, except that the space forward of the collision bulkhead
need not be fitted with a bilge suction line when the arrangement of
the vessel is such that ordinary leakage may be removed from this
compartment by the use of a hand portable bilge pump or other
equipment, and such equipment is provided.
(b) A bilge pipe in a vessel of not more than 65 feet in length
must be not less than 1 inch nominal pipe size. A bilge pipe in a
vessel of more than 65 feet in length must be not less than 1\1/2\
inches nominal pipe size. A bilge suction must be fitted with a
suitable strainer having an open area not less than three times the
area of the bilge pipe.
(c) Except when individual pumps are provided for separate spaces,
individual bilge suction lines must be led to a central control point
or manifold and provided with a stop valve at the control point or
manifold and a check valve at some accessible point in the bilge line.
A stop-check valve located at a control point or manifold will meet the
requirements for both a stop valve and a check valve.
(d) A bilge pipe piercing the collision bulkhead must be fitted
with a screw-down valve located on the forward side of the collision
bulkhead and operable from the weather deck, or, if it is readily
accessible under service conditions, a screw-down valve without a reach
rod may be fitted to the bilge line on the after side of the collision
bulkhead.
Sec. 182.520 Bilge pumps.
(a) A vessel must be provided with bilge pumps in accordance with
Table 182.520(a). A second power pump is an acceptable alternative to a
hand pump if it is supplied by a source of power independent of the
first power bilge pump. Individual power pumps used for separate spaces
are to be controlled from a central control point and must have a light
or other visual means at the control point to indicate operation.
Table.--182.520(a)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Minimum capacity
Number of Bilge pumps required per
passengers Length of vessel required pump (gal. per
minutes)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Any number....... More than 65 feet 2 fixed power 50 GPM.
pumps.
More than 49 Not more than 65 1 fixed power 25 GPM (power);
passengers and feet. pump and 1 10 GPM (hand).
all ferry portable hand
vessels. pump.
Not more than 49 26 feet up to 65 1 fixed power 10 GPM (fixed
passengers feet. pump and 1 power); 10 GPM
(other than portable hand (fixed hand); 5
ferry vessels). pump, or 1 GPM (portable
fixed hand pump hand).
and 1 portable
hand pump.
................. Less than 26 feet 1 portable hand 5 GPM.
pump.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(b) A portable hand bilge pump must be:
(1) Capable of pumping water, but not necessarily simultaneously,
from all watertight compartments; and
(2) Provided with suitable suction and discharge hoses capable of
reaching the bilges of each watertight compartment.
(c) Each fixed power bilge pump must be self priming. It may be
driven off the main engine or other source of power. It must be
permanently connected to the bilge manifold and may also be connected
to the fire main. If of sufficient capacity, a power bilge pump may
also serve as a fire pump.
(d) Where two fixed power bilge pumps are installed, they must be
driven by different sources of power. If one pump is driven off the
main engine in a single propulsion engine installation, the other must
be independently driven. In a twin propulsion engine installation, each
pump may be driven off a different propulsion engine.
(e) A submersible electric bilge pump may be used as a power bilge
pump required by Table 182.520(a) only on a vessel of not more than 65
feet in length carrying not more than 49 passengers, other than a
ferry, provided that:
(1) The pump is listed by Underwriters Laboratories Inc. or another
independent laboratory;
(2) The pump is used to dewater not more than one watertight
compartment;
(3) The pump is permanently mounted;
(4) The pump is equipped with a strainer which can be readily
inspected and cleaned without removal;
(5) The pump discharge line is suitably supported; if flexible hose
is used, the hose does not penetrate any required watertight bulkheads;
(6) The opening in the hull for the pump discharge is placed as
high above the waterline as possible; and
(7) A positive shutoff valve is installed at the hull penetration.
(8) The capacity of the electrical system, including wiring, and
size and number of batteries, is designed to allow all bilge pumps to
be operated simultaneously.
(f) A flexible tube or hose may be used instead of fixed pipe for
the discharge line of a submersible electric bilge pump provided the
hose or tube does not penetrate any required watertight bulkheads and
is:
(1) Of good quality and of substantial construction, suitable for
the intended use; and
(2) Highly resistant to salt water, petroleum oil, heat, and
vibration.
(g) If a fixed hand pump is used to comply with Table 182.520(a),
it must be permanently connected to the bilge system.
(h) On a vessel of not more than 65 feet in length, a power driven
fire pump required by Sec. 181.300 of this subchapter may serve as a
fixed power bilge pump required by this subpart, provided it has the
minimum flow rate required by Table 182.520(a).
(i) On a vessel of more than 65 feet in length, a power driven fire
pump required by Sec. 181.300 of this subchapter may serve as one of
the two fixed power bilge pumps required by this subpart, provided:
(1) The bilge and fire pump systems are interconnected;
(2) The dedicated bilge pump is capable of pumping the bilges at
the same time the fire/bilge pump charges the firemain; and
(3) Stop valves and check valves are installed in the piping to
isolate the systems during simultaneous operation and prevent possible
flooding through the bilge system.
(j) A catamaran vessel must be equipped with bilge pumps for each
hull, as if each hull is a separate vessel, in accordance with Table
182.520(a), except where:
(1) One dedicated pump is located in each hull;
(2) Each dedicated pump is driven by an independent source of
power; and
(3) The bilge system is permanently cross connected between hulls.
Sec. 182.530 Bilge level alarms.
(a) On a vessel of at least 26 feet in length, a visual and audible
alarm must be provided at the operating station to indicate high bilge
level in all normally unattended machinery spaces located below the
deepest load waterline.
(b) A visual indicator must be provided at the operating station to
indicate when any automatic bilge pump is operating.
Sec. 182.540 Ballast systems.
(a) Ballast piping must not be installed in any compartment
integral with the hull of a wooden vessel. Where the carriage of liquid
ballast in such a vessel is necessary, suitable ballast tanks,
structurally independent of the hull, must be provided.
(b) Solid and water ballast must comply with the requirements of
part 178 of this subchapter.
Subpart F--Steering Systems
Sec. 182.600 General.
A self-propelled vessel must comply with the provisions of this
subpart.
Sec. 182.610 Main steering gear.
(a) A vessel must be provided with a main steering gear that is:
(1) Of adequate strength and capable of steering the vessel at all
service speeds;
(2) Designed to operate at maximum astern speed without being
damaged or jammed; and
(3) Capable of moving the rudder from 35 degrees on one side to 30
degrees on the other side in not more than 28 seconds with the vessel
moving ahead at maximum service speed.
(b) Control of the main steering gear, including control of any
necessary associated devices (motor, pump, valve, etc.), must be
provided from the operating station.
(c) The main steering gear must be designed so that transfer from
the main steering gear or control to the auxiliary means of steering
required by Sec. 182.620 can be achieved rapidly. Any tools or
equipment necessary to make the transfer must be readily available.
(d) The operating station must be arranged to permit the person
steering to have the best possible all around vision.
(e) Strong and effective rudder stops must be provided to prevent
jamming and damage to the rudder and its fittings. These stops may be
structural or internal to the main steering gear.
(f) In addition to meeting the requirements of paragraphs (a) thru
(e) of this section, a vessel with a power driven main steering gear
must be provided with the following:
(1) A visual means, located at the operating station, to indicate
operation of the power units;
(2) Instructions for transfer procedures from the main steering
gear or control to the auxiliary means of steering required by
Sec. 182.620, posted at the location where the transfer is carried out;
(3) A disconnect switch located in the steering compartment, and
instantaneous short circuit protection for electrical power and control
circuits sized and located in accordance with Secs. 111.93-11 (d) and
(e) of this chapter. Overload protection is prohibited;
(4) An independent rudder angle indicator at the operating station;
(5) An arrangement that automatically resumes operation, without
reset, when power is restored after a power failure;
(6) A manual means to center and steady the rudder(s) in an
emergency;
(7) A limit switch to stop the steering gear before it reaches the
rudder stops required by paragraph (e) of this section.
Sec. 182.620 Auxiliary means of steering.
(a) Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section, a vessel
must be provided with an auxiliary means of steering that is:
(1) Of adequate strength;
(2) Capable of moving the rudder from 15 degrees on one side to 15
degrees on the other side in not more than 60 seconds with the vessel
at one-half its maximum service speed ahead, or 7 knots, whichever is
greater; and
(3) Controlled from a location that permits safe maneuvering of the
vessel and does not expose the person operating the auxiliary means of
steering to personnel hazards during normal or heavy weather operation.
(b) A suitable hand tiller may be acceptable as the auxiliary means
of steering where satisfactory to the Officer in Charge, Marine
Inspection.
(c) An auxiliary means of steering need not be provided if:
(1) The main steering gear and its controls are provided in
duplicate;
(2) Multiple screw propulsion, with independent pilothouse control
for each screw, is provided, and the vessel is capable of being steered
using pilothouse control;
(3) No regular rudder is fitted and steering action is obtained by
a change of setting of the propelling unit; or
(4) Where a rudder and hand tiller are the main steering gear.
Subpart G--Piping Systems
Sec. 182.700 General.
Materials used in piping systems must meet the requirements of this
subpart and be otherwise acceptable to the Officer in Charge, Marine
Inspection.
Sec. 182.710 Piping for vital systems.
(a) Vital systems are those systems which are vital to a vessel's
survivability and safety. For the purpose of this part the following
are vital systems:
(1) Fuel system;
(2) Fire main;
(3) CO2 and Halon systems;
(4) Bilge system;
(5) Steering system;
(6) Propulsion system and its necessary auxiliaries and controls;
(7) Ship's service and emergency electrical generation system and
its necessary auxiliaries; and
(8) A marine engineering system identified by the cognizant OCMI as
being crucial to the survival of the vessel or to the protection of the
personnel on board.
(b) For the purpose of this part, a system not identified in
paragraph (a) of this section is a non-vital system.
(c) Piping used in a vital system must:
(1) Be composed of ferrous materials except when:
(i) Nonmetallic piping materials are permitted by Sec. 182.720; or
(ii) Nonferrous metallic piping materials are permitted by
Sec. 182.730; and
(2) If subject to a pressure of more than 150 psi, be designed,
fabricated, and inspected in accordance with the principles of ANSI
B31.1 or another industry standard acceptable to the Commandant.
Sec. 182.715 Piping subject to more than 150 psi in non-vital systems.
Piping subject to more than 150 psi in a non-vital system must be
designed, fabricated, and inspected in accordance with the principles
of ANSI B31.1 or other industry standard acceptable to the Commandant.
Sec. 182.720 Nonmetallic piping materials.
(a) Rigid nonmetallic materials (plastic) may be used only in non-
vital systems and in accordance with paragraphs (c) and (d) of this
section.
(b) Flexible nonmetallic materials (hose) may be used in vital and
non-vital systems where permitted by paragraph (e) of this section.
(c) Nonmetallic piping must not be used in gasoline or diesel fuel
systems. Flexible nonmetallic materials (hose) may be used where
permitted by paragraph (e) of this section.
(d) Where rigid nonmetallic material (plastic) is permitted for use
in piping systems by this section, the following restrictions apply:
(1) Penetrations of required watertight decks and bulkheads by any
rigid plastic pipe are prohibited unless the following requirements are
met:
(i) Each penetration must be accomplished using an acceptable
metallic through deck or through bulkhead fitting which is welded or
otherwise attached to the bulkhead or deck by an accepted method; and
(ii) One or more metallic shutoff valves must be installed adjacent
to the fitting in one of the following ways:
(A) Only one metallic shutoff valve must be installed if it is
operable from above the bulkhead deck;
(B) If two metallic shutoff valves are installed, one on either
side of the bulkhead, they need not be operable from above the bulkhead
deck provided immediate access to both is possible; or
(C) Where both plastic and metallic materials are used in piping
which penetrates a bulkhead, and the two materials exist entirely on
opposite sides of the bulkhead, a metallic shutoff valve must be
installed at the bulkhead in the metallic part of the system, with the
valve being capable of operation from above the bulkhead deck, or
locally if immediate access is possible;
(2) Protection from mechanical damage must be specifically
considered and all protective covering or shields must be installed to
the satisfaction of the Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection;
(3) Through hull fittings and shutoff valves must be metallic. In
the case of nonmetallic hulls, materials which will afford an equal
degree of safety and heat resistivity as that afforded by the hull may
be approved; and
(4) The material specification must show that the rigid nonmetallic
material possesses characteristics adequate for its intended service
and environment and must be approved for use by the Officer in Charge,
Marine Inspection.
(e) Where flexible nonmetallic hose is permitted for use in piping
systems by this section, it must meet SAE Standard J1942 or be
specifically approved by the Commandant. The following restrictions
apply.
(1) Flexible nonmetallic hose must be complete with factory-
assembled end fittings requiring no further adjustment of the fittings
on the hose, or field attachable type fittings may be used. Hose end
fittings must comply with SAE J-1475. Field attachable fittings must be
installed following the manufacturer's recommended practice. If special
equipment is required, such as crimping machines, it must be of the
type and design specified by the manufacturer. If field attachable type
fittings are used, each hose assembly must be individually
hydrostatically tested to twice the rated pressure stamped thereon;
(2) Flexible nonmetallic hose may be used in non-vital water and
pneumatic systems, subject to the limitations of paragraph (d)(1)
through (d)(4) of this section. Unreinforced hoses are limited to a
maximum service pressure of 50 psi, reinforced hoses are limited to a
maximum service pressure of 150 psi; and
(3) Flexible nonmetallic hose may be used in lube oil, fuel oil and
fluid power systems, subject to the following requirements:
(i) Flexible hose may only be used at a pressure not to exceed the
manufacturer's rating and must have a high resistance to saltwater,
petroleum oils, and vibration;
(ii) Flexible hose runs must be visible, easily accessible, and
must not penetrate watertight bulkheads;
(iii) Flexible hose must be fabricated with an inner tube and a
cover of synthetic rubber or other suitable material reinforced with
wire braid;
(iv) Flexible hose used for alcohol-gasoline blend fuels must meet
the permeability requirements specified in 33 CFR part 183, subpart J;
and
(v) Flexible hose installed in lengths of not more than 30 inches
for the purpose of flexibility only, and subject to pressures of not
more than 5 pounds per square inch, may meet the following
requirements:
(A) Suitable compression type connection fittings may be accepted;
(B) Flexible hose designed for use with hose clamps may be
installed with two clamps, at both ends of the hose, which:
(1) Do not rely on the spring tension of the clamp for compressive
force; and
(2) Are installed beyond the bead or flare or over the serrations
of the mating spud, pipe, or hose fitting; and
(C) USCG Type A1, A2, B1, or B2 flexible hose may be accepted in
accordance with 33 CFR part 183, subpart J.
Sec. 182.730 Nonferrous metallic piping materials.
(a) Nonferrous metallic piping materials are acceptable for use in
the following:
(1) Non-vital systems;
(2) Aluminum fuel piping, if of a minimum of schedule 80 wall
thickness on an aluminum hulled vessel and located outside the
machinery space;
(3) Aluminum bilge, ballast, and firemain piping on an aluminum
hulled vessel;
(4) If acceptable to the cognizant OCMI, nonferrous metallic piping
with a melting temperature above 1700 deg.F may be used in vital
systems that are deemed to be galvanically compatible; and
(5) Other uses specifically accepted by the cognizant OCMI.
(b) Where nonferrous metallic material is permitted for use in
piping systems by this subpart, the restrictions in this paragraph
apply:
(1) Provisions must be made to protect piping systems using
aluminum alloys in high risk fire areas due to the low melting point of
aluminum alloys;
(2) Provisions must be made to prevent or mitigate the effect of
galvanic corrosion due to the relative solution potentials of copper,
aluminum, and alloys of copper and aluminum, which are used in
conjunction with each other, steel, or other metals and their alloys;
(3) A suitable thread compound must be used in making up threaded
joints in aluminum pipe to prevent seizing. Pipe in the annealed temper
must not be threaded;
(4) The use of aluminum alloys with a copper content exceeding 0.6
percent is prohibited; and
(5) The use of cast aluminum alloys in hydraulic fluid power
systems must be in accordance with the requirements of Sec. 58.30-15(f)
of this chapter.
PART 183--ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS
Subpart A--General Provisions
Sec.
183.100 Intent.
183.115 Applicability to existing vessels.
183.130 Alternative standards.
Subpart B--General Requirements
183.200 General design, installation, and maintenance requirements.
183.210 Protection from wet and corrosive environments.
183.220 General safety provisions.
Subpart C--Power Sources and Distribution Systems
183.310 Power sources.
183.320 Generators and motors.
183.322 Multiple generators.
183.324 Dual voltage generators.
183.330 Distribution panels and switchboards.
183.340 Cable and wiring requirements.
183.350 Batteries--general.
183.352 Battery categories.
183.354 Battery installations.
183.360 Semiconductor rectifier systems.
183.370 System and equipment grounding.
183.380 Overcurrent protection.
183.390 Shore power.
183.392 Radiotelephone installations.
Subpart D--Lighting Systems
183.410 Lighting fixtures.
183.420 Navigation lights.
183.430 Portable lights.
183.432 Emergency lighting.
Subpart E--Miscellaneous Systems and Requirements
183.520 Lifeboat winches.
183.530 Hazardous areas.
183.540 Elevators.
183.550 General alarm systems.
Authority: 46 U.S.C. 2103, 3306; E.O. 12234, 45 FR 58801, 3 CFR,
1980 Comp., p.277; 49 CFR 1.46.
Subpart A--General Provisions
Sec. 183.100 Intent.
This part contains requirements for the design, construction,
installation, and operation of electrical equipment and systems
including power sources, lighting, motors, miscellaneous equipment, and
safety systems.
Sec. 183.115 Applicability to existing vessels.
(a) Except as otherwise required by paragraphs (b) and (c) of this
section, an existing vessel must comply with the regulations on
electrical installations, equipment, and material which were applicable
to the vessel on [date of the day before the effective date of the
final rule] or, as an alternative, the vessel may comply with the
regulations in this part.
(b) An existing vessel must comply with the requirements of
Secs. 183.420 and 183.430.
(c) New installations of electrical equipment and material, and the
repair or replacement of wire and cable, on an existing vessel, which
are completed to the satisfaction of the cognizant OCMI on or after
[effective date of the final rule], must comply with this part.
Replacement of existing equipment, not including wire or cable,
installed on the vessel prior to [effective date of the final rule]
need not comply with the regulations in this part.
Sec. 183.130 Alternative standards.
(a) A vessel, other than a dynamically supported craft, of not more
than 65 feet in length carrying not more than 12 passengers, may comply
with the following requirements instead of complying with the
requirements of this part in their entirety:
(1) Sec. 183.420; and
(2) The following ABYC Projects where applicable:
(i) E-8;
(ii) E-9; and
(iii) A-16.
(b) A vessel with an electrical installation operating at less than
50 volts may meet the requirements in 33 CFR 183.430 instead of those
in Sec. 183.340 of this subchapter.
Subpart B--General Requirements
Sec. 183.200 General design, installation, and maintenance
requirements.
Electrical equipment on a vessel must be installed and maintained
to:
(a) Provide services necessary for safety under normal and
emergency conditions;
(b) Protect passengers, crew, other persons, and the vessel from
electrical hazards, including fire, caused by or originating in
electrical equipment, and electrical shock;
(c) Minimize accidental personnel contact with energized parts; and
(d) Prevent electrical ignition of flammable vapors.
Sec. 183.210 Protection from wet and corrosive environments.
(a) Electrical equipment used in the following locations must be
dripproof:
(1) A machinery space;
(2) A location normally exposed to splashing, water washdown, or
other wet conditions within a galley, a laundry, or a public washroom
or toilet room that has a bath or shower; or
(3) Another space with a similar moisture level.
(b) Electrical equipment exposed to the weather must be watertight.
(c) Electrical equipment exposed to corrosive environments must be
of suitable construction and corrosion-resistant.
Sec. 183.220 General safety provisions.
(a) Electrical equipment and installations must be suitable for the
roll, pitch, and vibration of the vessel underway.
(b) All equipment, including switches, fuses, lampholders, etc.,
must be suitable for the voltage and current utilized.
(c) Receptacle outlets of the type providing a grounded pole or a
specific direct current polarity must be of a configuration that will
not permit improper connection.
(d) All electrical equipment and circuits must be clearly marked
and identified.
(e) Any cabinet, panel, box, or other enclosure containing more
than one source of power must be fitted with a sign warning persons of
this condition and identifying the circuits to be disconnected.
Subpart C--Power Sources and Distribution Systems
Sec. 183.310 Power sources.
(a)(1) Each vessel that relies on electricity to power the
following loads must have at least two sources of electricity for each
load:
(i) The vital systems listed in Sec. 182.710 of this subchapter.
(ii) Interior lighting except for decorative lights.
(iii) Communication systems including a public address system
required under Sec. 184.610 of this subchapter.
(iv) Navigation equipment and lights.
(2) A vessel with batteries of adequate capacity to supply the
loads specified in paragraph (a)(1) of this section, and a generator or
alternator driven by a propulsion engine, complies with the requirement
in paragraph (a)(1) of this section.
(b) Where a ship service generator driven by a propulsion engine is
used as a source of electrical power, a vessel speed change, throttle
movement or change in direction of the propeller shaft rotation must
not interrupt power to any of the loads specified in paragraph (a)(1)
of this section.
Sec. 183.320 Generators and motors.
(a) Each generator and motor must be:
(1) In a location that is accessible, adequately ventilated, and as
dry as practicable; and
(2) Mounted above the bilges to avoid damage by splash and to avoid
contact with low lying vapors.
(b) Each generator and motor must be designed for an ambient
temperature of 50 deg.C (122 deg.F) except that:
(1) If the ambient temperature in the space where a generator or
motor will be located will not exceed 40 deg.C under normal operating
conditions, the generator or motor may be designed for an ambient
temperature of 40 deg.C; and
(2) A generator or motor designed for 40 deg.C may be used in
50 deg.C ambient locations provided the generator or motor is derated
to 80 percent of the full load rating, and the rating or setting of the
overcurrent devices is reduced accordingly.
(c) A voltmeter and an ammeter, which can be used for measuring
voltage and current of a generator that is in operation, must be
provided for a generator rated at 50 volts or more. For each
alternating current generator, a means for measuring frequency must
also be provided. Additional control equipment and measuring
instruments must be provided, if needed, to ensure satisfactory
operation of each generator.
(d) Each generator must have a nameplate attached to it containing
the information required by Article 445 of the NEC (NFPA 70), and for a
generator derated in accordance with paragraph (b)(2) of this section,
the derated capacity.
(e) Each motor must have a nameplate attached to it containing the
information required by Article 430 of the NEC (NFPA 70), and for a
motor derated in accordance with paragraph (b)(2) of this section, the
derated capacity.
Sec. 183.322 Multiple generators.
When a vessel is equipped with two or more generators to supply
ship's service power, the following requirements must be met:
(a) Each generator must have an independent prime mover; and
(b) The generator circuit breakers must be interlocked to prevent
the generators from being simultaneously connected to the switchboard,
except for the circuit breakers of a generator operated in parallel
with another generator when the installation meets Secs. 111.05-13,
111.12-11(f), 111.30-19(a), and 111.30-25(d) of this chapter.
Sec. 183.324 Dual voltage generators.
When a dual voltage generator is installed on a vessel:
(a) The neutral of a dual voltage system must be solidly grounded
at the switchboard's neutral bus and be accessible for checking the
insulation resistance of the generator to ground before the generator
is connected to the bus; and
(b) Ground detection must be provided that:
(1) For an alternating current system, meets Sec. 111.05-27 of this
chapter; and
(2) For a direct current system, meets Sec. 111.05-29 of this
chapter.
Sec. 183.330 Distribution panels and switchboards.
(a) Each distribution panel and switchboard must be in as dry a
location as practicable, accessible, adequately ventilated, and
protected from falling debris and dripping or splashing water.
(b) Each distribution panel or switchboard must be totally enclosed
and of the dead front type.
(c) Each switchboard must be fitted with a dripshield.
(d) Distribution panels and switchboards which are accessible from
the rear must be constructed to prevent a person from accidentally
contacting energized parts.
(e) Working space must be provided around all main distribution
panels and switchboards of at least 24 inches in front of the
switchboard, and behind the switchboard at least 18 inches from the
nearest bulkhead, stiffener, or frame, or have no rear access.
(f) Nonconducting mats or grating must be provided on the deck in
front of each switchboard and, if accessible from the rear, on the deck
in the rear of the switchboard.
(g) All uninsulated current carrying parts must be mounted on
noncombustible, nonabsorbent, high dielectric insulating material.
(h) Equipment mounted on a hinged door of an enclosure must be
constructed or shielded so that a person will not accidentally contact
energized parts of the door mounted equipment when the door is open and
the circuit energized.
(i) In the design of a control, interlock, or indicator circuit,
all practicable steps must be taken to eliminate all but one source of
potential in an enclosure. If the control functions make it
impracticable to energize the control, interlock or indicator circuit
from the load side of a motor and control disconnect device, each
conductor of such a circuit, except those vital circuits identified in
Sec. 182.710 of this subchapter, must be disconnected from all sources
of potential by a disconnect device actuated by the opening of the
controller door. The disconnect device and its connections, including
each terminal block for terminating the vessel's wiring, must not have
any electrically unshielded or uninsulated surfaces.
(j) Switchboards and distribution panels must be adequately sized
for the expected loads.
Sec. 183.340 Cable and wiring requirements.
(a) If individual wires, rather than cable, are used in systems
greater than 50 volts, the wire must be run in a protective enclosure.
The protective enclosure must have drain holes to prevent the build up
of condensation.
(b) All cable and wire must:
(1) Have stranded copper conductors with sufficient current
carrying capacity for the circuit in which they are used;
(2) Be installed in a manner to avoid or reduce interference with
radio reception and compass indication;
(3) Be protected from the weather;
(4) Be installed with metal supports spaced not more than 24 inches
apart, and in such a manner as to avoid chafing and other damage. The
use of plastic tie wraps must be limited to bundling or retention of
multiple cable installations, and not used as a means of support,
except that on vessels of not more than 65 feet in length,
installations in accordance with paragraph 14.h of ABYC E-8 and
paragraph 15.h of ABYC E-9 are acceptable as meeting the requirements
of this section;
(5) Not be installed with sharp bends;
(6) Be protected by metal coverings or other suitable means if in
areas subject to mechanical abuse;
(7) Be suitable for low temperature and high humidity if installed
in refrigerated compartments;
(8) Not be located in a tank unless the cable provides power to
equipment in the tank; and
(9) Have sheathing or wire insulation compatible with the fluid in
a tank when installed as allowed by paragraph (b)(8) of this section.
(c) Conductors in power and lighting circuits must be No. 14 AWG or
larger. Conductors in control and indicator circuits must be No. 22 AWG
or larger.
(d) Cable and wire for power and lighting circuits must:
(1) Meet Section 310-13 of the NEC (NFPA 70), except that asbestos
insulated cable and dry location cables can not be used;
(2) Be listed by Underwriters Laboratories Inc. as UL Boat or UL
Marine cable; or
(3) Meet Sec. 111.60-1 of this chapter.
(e) Cable or wire serving vital systems listed in Sec. 182.710 of
this subchapter or emergency loads must be routed as far as practicable
from high risk fire areas such as galleys, laundries, and machinery
spaces.
(f) Cable or wire serving duplicated equipment must be separated so
that a casualty that affects one cable does not affect the other.
(g) Each connection to a conductor or terminal part of a conductor
that is larger than No. 10 AWG must be made within an enclosure and
have:
(1) A pressure type connector on each conductor;
(2) A solder lug on each conductor;
(3) A splice made with a pressure type connector to a flexible lead
or conductor; or
(4) A splice that is soldered, brazed, or welded to a flexible lead
or conductor.
(h) Each connection to a conductor or a terminal part of a
conductor that is No. 10 AWG or smaller must be made within an
enclosure and:
(1) Meet paragraph (g) of this section; or
(2) Have clamps or screws with terminal plates that have turned
lugs or other suitable means to capture the terminal.
(i) A connector or lug of the set screw type must not be used with
a stranded conductor smaller than No. 14 AWG except if there is a
nonrotating follower that travels with the set screw and makes pressure
contact with the conductor.
(j) Each pressure type wire connector and lug must meet UL 486A.
The use of wire nuts is prohibited.
(k) Each terminal block must have 6-32 terminal screws or larger.
(l) Wire connectors utilized in conjunction with screw type
terminal blocks must be of the captive type such as the ring or the
flanged spade type.
(m) A cable must not be spliced in:
(1) A hazardous location; or
(2) In another location except:
(i) A cable installed in a subassembly may be spliced to a cable
installed in another subassembly;
(ii) For a vessel receiving alterations, a cable may be spliced to
extend a circuit;
(iii) A cable having a large size or exceptional length may be
spliced to facilitate its installation; and
(iv) A cable may be spliced to replace a damaged section of the
cable if, before replacing the damaged section, the insulation
resistance of the remainder of the cable is measured, and it is
determined that the condition of the insulation is unimpaired.
(n) All material in a cable splice must be chemically compatible
with all other material in the splice and with the materials in the
cable.
(o) Ampacities for conductors must meet Section 310-15 of the NEC
(NFPA 70) or IEEE Standard 45, as appropriate.
(p) Conductors must be sized so that the voltage drop at the load
terminals does not exceed 10 percent. Table 183.340(p) indicates the
size of conductor required for corresponding lengths and steady state
(stable) values to obtain not more than this voltage drop at the load
terminals of a two conductor circuit.
Table 183.340(p).--Conductor Sizes for Amperes--Lengths
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Length of conductor in feet from source of current to most distant fixture
Total current on circuit, amperes --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12 volts, 2-wire--10 percent drop wire sizes (A.W.G.)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5.................................................... 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 12 12 12
10................................................... 14 14 14 12 12 12 10 10 10 10 8
15................................................... 14 14 12 10 10 10 8 8 8 8 8
20................................................... 12 12 10 10 8 8 8 8 6 6 6
25................................................... 10 10 10 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Other values can be computed by means of the following formula:
TP13JA94.009
Where:
cm=Circular-mil area of conductor.
K=10.75 (a constant representing the mil-foot resistance of copper).
I=Load current, in amperes.
L=Length of conductor from center of distribution, in feet.
E=Voltage drop at load, in volts.
(q) If used, each armored cable metallic covering must:
(1) Be electrically continuous; and
(2) Be grounded at each end of the run to:
(i) The metallic hull; or
(ii) The common ground plate on nonmetallic vessels; and
(3) Have final sub-circuits grounded at the supply end only.
(r) A portable or temporary electric cord or cable must be
constructed and used in compliance with the requirements of
Sec. 111.60-13 of this chapter for a flexible electric cord or cable.
Sec. 183.350 Batteries--general.
(a) Where provisions are made for charging batteries, there must be
natural or induced ventilation sufficient to dissipate the gases
generated.
(b) Each battery must be located as high above the bilge as
practicable, secured to protect against shifting with the roll and
pitch of the vessel, and free from exposure to water splash or spray.
(c) Batteries must be accessible for maintenance and removal.
(d) Connections must be made to battery terminals with permanent
type connectors. Spring clips or other temporary type clamps are
prohibited.
(e) Batteries must be mounted in trays lined with, or constructed
of, a material which is resistant to damage by the electrolyte.
(f) Battery chargers must have an ammeter connected in the charging
circuit.
(g) If the batteries are not adjacent to a distribution panel or
switchboard which distributes power to the lighting, motor, and
appliance circuits, the battery lead must have a fuse in series as
close as practicable to the battery.
(h) Batteries used for engine starting are to be located as close
as possible to the engine or engines served.
Sec. 183.352 Battery categories.
This section applies to batteries installed to meet the
requirements of Sec. 183.310 for secondary sources of power to vital
loads, or sources of power to final emergency loads.
(a) Large. A large battery installation is one connected to a
battery charger having an output of more than 2 kw, computed from the
highest possible charging current and the rated voltage of the battery
installation.
(b) Small. A small battery installation is one connected to a
battery charger having an output of 2 kw or less, computed from the
highest possible charging current and the rated voltage of the battery
installation.
Sec. 183.354 Battery installations.
(a) Large batteries. Each large battery installation must be
located in a locker, room or enclosed box solely dedicated to the
storage of batteries. Ventilation must be provided in accordance with
Sec. 111.15-10 of this chapter. Electrical equipment located within the
battery enclosure must be approved by an independent laboratory for
Class I, Division 1, Group B hazardous locations and meet part 111,
subpart 111.105 of this chapter.
(b) Small batteries. Each small battery installation must be
located in a well ventilated space and protected from falling objects.
A small battery installation must not be in a closet, storeroom, or
similar space.
Sec. 183.360 Semiconductor rectifier systems.
(a) Each semiconductor rectifier system must have an adequate heat
removal system that prevents overheating.
(b) Where a semiconductor rectifier system is used in a propulsion
system or in other vital systems it must:
(1) Have a current limiting circuit;
(2) Have external overcurrent protection; and
(3) Meet sections 35.84.2 and 35.84.4 of the ABS ``Rules for
Building and Classing Steel Vessels.''
Sec. 183.370 System and equipment grounding.
(a) All metallic enclosures and frames of electrical equipment must
be permanently grounded to the hull on a metallic vessel. On a
nonmetallic vessel the enclosures and frames of electrical equipment
must be bonded together to a common ground by a normally non-current
carrying conductor. Metallic cases of instruments and secondary
windings of instrument transformers must be grounded.
(b) If a grounded distribution system is provided, there must be
only one connection to ground, regardless of the number of power
sources. This ground connection must be at the switchboard or at the
common ground plate, which must be accessible.
(c) Each propulsion, power, lighting, or distribution system having
a neutral bus or conductor must have the neutral grounded.
(d) The neutral of each grounded generation and distribution system
must be grounded at the generator switchboard and have the ground
connection accessible for checking insulation resistance of the
generator to ground before the generator is connected to the bus,
except the neutral of an emergency power generation system must be
grounded with:
(1) No direct ground connection at the emergency switchboard;
(2) The neutral bus permanently connected to the neutral bus on the
main switchboard; and
(3) No switch, circuit breaker, or fuse in the neutral conductor of
the bus-tie feeder connecting the emergency switchboard to the main
switchboard.
(e) On a nonmetallic vessel where a ground plate is provided for
radio equipment, it must be connected to the common ground.
(f) On a metallic vessel a grounded alternating current system must
be grounded to the hull. On a nonmetallic vessel the neutral must be
connected to the common ground, except that aluminum grounding
conductors must not be used.
(g) Equipment grounding conductors must be sized in accordance with
Section 250-95 of the NEC (NFPA 70).
(h) Each insulated grounding conductor of a cable must be
identified by one of the following means:
(1) A green braid or green insulation;
(2) Stripping the insulation from the entire exposed length of the
grounding conductor; or
(3) Marking the exposed insulation of the grounding conductor with
green tape or green adhesive labels.
(i) A vessel's hull must not carry current as a conductor except
for the following systems:
(1) Impressed current cathodic protection systems; or
(2) Battery systems for engine starting.
(j) Cable armor must not be used to ground electrical equipment or
systems.
(k) Receptacle outlets and attachment plugs for portable lamps,
tools, and similar apparatus operating at 100 volts or more, must have
a grounding pole and a grounding conductor in the portable cord.
(l) Each nonmetallic mast and top mast must have a lightning ground
conductor.
Sec. 183.380 Overcurrent protection.
(a) Overcurrent protection must be provided for each ungrounded
conductor for the purpose of opening the electric circuit if the
current reaches a value that causes an excessive or dangerous
temperature in the conductor or conductor insulation.
(b) A conductor of a control, interlock, or indicator circuit, such
as a conductor for an instrument, pilot light, ground detector light,
or potential transformer, must be protected by an overcurrent device.
(c) Each generator must be protected by an overcurrent device set
at a value not exceeding 115 per cent of the generator full load
rating.
(d) All circuits other than steering system circuits must be
protected against both overload and short circuit.
(e) Each steering gear feeder circuit must be protected by a
circuit breaker that meets the requirements of paragraphs (a) and (b)
of Sec. 111.93-11 of this chapter.
(f) Each lighting branch circuit must be protected against
overcurrent either by fuses or circuit breakers rated at not more than
30 amperes.
(g) Conductors must be protected in accordance with their current
carrying capacities. If the allowable current carrying capacity does
not correspond to a standard device size, the next larger overcurrent
device may be used provided it does not exceed 150 per cent of the
conductor current carrying capacity.
(h) Overcurrent devices capable of carrying the starting current of
the motor must be installed to protect motors, motor conductors, and
control apparatus against:
(1) Overcurrent due to short circuits or ground faults; and
(2) Overload due to motor running overcurrent, in accordance with
Sec. 111.70-1 of this chapter. A protective device integral with the
motor, which is responsive to both motor current and temperature, may
be used.
(i) An emergency switch must be provided in the normally ungrounded
main supply conductor from a battery. The switch must be accessible and
located as close to the battery as practicable.
(j) The grounded conductor of a circuit must not be disconnected by
a switch or circuit breaker, unless the ungrounded conductors are
simultaneously disconnected.
(k) Disconnect means must be provided on the supply side of and
adjacent to all fuses for the purpose of de-energizing the fuses for
inspection and maintenance purposes.
(l) If the disconnect means is not within sight of the equipment
that the circuit supplies, means must be provided for locking the
disconnect device in the open position.
(m) Fuses must be of the cartridge type only and be listed by
Underwriters Laboratories or another independent laboratory recognized
by the Commandant.
(n) Each circuit breaker must meet UL 489 and be of the manually
reset type designed for:
(1) Inverse time delay;
(2) Instantaneous short circuit protection; and
(3) Switching duty if the breaker is used as a switch.
(o) Each circuit breaker must indicate whether it is in the open or
closed position.
Sec. 183.390 Shore power.
A vessel with an electrical system operating at more than 50 volts,
which is provided with a means to connect to shore power, must meet the
following:
(a) A shore power connection box or receptacle must be permanently
installed at a convenient location;
(b) A cable connecting the shore power connection box or receptacle
to the switchboard or main distribution panel must be permanently
installed;
(c) A circuit breaker must be provided at the switchboard or main
distribution panel for the shore power connection; and
(d) The circuit breaker, required by paragraph (c) of this section,
must be interlocked with the vessel's power sources so that shore power
and the vessel's power sources may not be operated simultaneously.
Sec. 183.392 Radiotelephone installations.
A separate circuit, with overcurrent protection at the main
distribution panel, must be provided for each radiotelephone
installation.
Subpart D--Lighting Systems
Sec. 183.410 Lighting fixtures.
(a) Each lighting fixture globe, lens, or diffuser must have a
guard or be made of high strength material, except in an accommodation
space, radio room, galley, or similar space where it is not subject to
damage.
(b) A lighting fixture may not be used as a connection box for a
circuit other than the branch circuit supplying the fixture.
(c) A lighting fixture must be installed as follows:
(1) Each fixture must comply with Sec. 183.200.
(2) Each lighting fixture and lampholder must be fixed. A fixture
must not be supported by the screw shell of a lampholder.
(3) Each pendant type lighting fixture must be suspended by and
supplied through a threaded, rigid conduit stem.
(4) Each table lamp, desk lamp, floor lamp, or similar equipment
must be secured in place so that it cannot be displaced by the roll or
pitch of the vessel.
(d) A exterior lighting fixture in an electrical system operating
at more than 50 volts must comply with the requirements of UL 595. A
lighting fixture in an accommodation space, radio room, galley or
similar interior space may comply with UL 57, 1570, 1571, 1572, 1573,
or 1574.
Sec. 183.420 Navigation lights.
All vessels must have navigation lights that are in compliance with
the applicable sections of the International and Inland Navigation
Rules, except that a vessel of more than 65 feet in length must also
have navigation lights that meet UL 1104.
Sec. 183.430 Portable lights.
Each vessel must be equipped with at least two portable battery
lights. One of these lights must be located at the operating station
and the other at the access to the propulsion machinery space.
Sec. 183.432 Emergency lighting.
(a) Each vessel must have adequate emergency lighting fitted along
the line of escape to the main deck from all passenger and crew
accommodation spaces located below the main deck.
(b) The emergency lighting required by paragraph (a) of this
section must automatically actuate upon failure of the main lighting
system. If a vessel is not equipped with a single source of power for
emergency lighting, it must have individual battery powered lights
which:
(1) Are automatically actuated upon loss of normal power;
(2) Are not readily portable;
(3) Are connected to an automatic battery charger; and
(4) Have sufficient capacity for a minimum of 6 hours of continuous
operation.
Subpart E--Miscellaneous Systems and Requirements
Sec. 183.520 Lifeboat winches.
Each electric power operated lifeboat winch must meet part 111,
subpart 111.95 and part 160, subpart 160.015 of this chapter.
Sec. 183.530 Hazardous areas.
(a) Electrical equipment in spaces containing machinery powered by,
or fuel tanks for, gasoline or other fuels having a flashpoint of
110 deg.F or lower must be explosion-proof or ignition-protected, or be
part of an intrinsically safe system.
(b) Electrical equipment in lockers used to store paint, oil,
turpentine, or other flammable liquids must be explosion-proof or be
part of an intrinsically safe system.
(c) Explosion-proof equipment and intrinsically safe systems must
meet the requirements of part 111, subpart 111.105 of this chapter.
Sec. 183.540 Elevators.
Each electric power, control, and interlock circuit of an elevator
on a vessel must meet the requirements of ANSI A17.1.
Sec. 183.550 General alarm systems.
All vessels with overnight accommodations must be equipped with a
general alarm system. The public address system required by
Sec. 184.610 of this subchapter may be used to sound the general alarm
signal.
PART 184--VESSEL CONTROL AND MISCELLANEOUS SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT
Subpart A--General Provisions
Sec.
184.100 General requirement.
184.115 Applicability to existing vessels.
Subpart B--Cooking and Heating
184.200 General.
184.202 Restrictions.
184.210 Heating equipment.
184.220 Cooking equipment.
184.240 Gas systems.
Subpart C--Mooring and Towing Equipment
184.300 Ground tackle and mooring lines.
Subpart D--Navigation Equipment
184.402 Compasses.
184.404 Radars.
184.410 Electronic position fixing devices.
184.420 Charts and nautical publications.
Subpart E--Radio
184.502 Requirements of the Federal Communications Commission.
184.506 Emergency broadcast placard.
Subpart F--Control and Internal Communication Systems
184.602 Internal communication systems.
184.610 Public address systems.
184.620 Propulsion engine control systems.
Subpart G--Miscellaneous
184.702 Oil pollution prevention equipment and procedures.
184.704 Marine sanitation devices.
184.710 First aid kits.
Authority: 46 U.S.C. 2103, 3306; E.O. 12234, 45 FR 58801, 3 CFR,
1980 Comp., p. 277; 49 CFR 1.46.
Subpart A--General Provisions
Sec. 184.100 General requirement.
(a) Vessel control systems and other miscellaneous systems and
equipment required by this part must be suitable for the purposes
intended.
(b) The cognizant OCMI may require navigation, control, or
communication equipment, in excess of the equipment specifically
required by this part, on a vessel which is of a novel design, operates
at high speeds in restricted or high traffic areas, operates in a
dynamically supported mode, or operates on extended routes or in remote
locations.
Sec. 184.115 Applicability to existing vessels.
(a) An existing vessel need not comply with Secs. 184.402(c),
184.404, 184.410, and 184.602 unless the cognizant OCMI specifically
requires compliance due to the route or service of the vessel.
(b) An existing vessel need not comply with the requirements of
Sec. 184.610 until [date 5 years after effective date of the final
rule], or 10 years after its keel was laid or the vessel was at a
similar stage of construction, whichever is later.
(c) An existing vessel need not comply with the requirements of
Sec. 184.710 until [date 1 year after effective date of the final
rule].
Subpart B--Cooking and Heating
Sec. 184.200 General.
Cooking and heating equipment must be suitable for marine use.
Equipment designed and installed in accordance with ABYC A-3 and A-7,
or with NFPA 302 complies with this requirement, except as restricted
by Sec. 184.202.
Sec. 184.202 Restrictions.
(a) The use of gasoline for cooking, heating, or lighting is
prohibited on all vessels.
(b) Fireplaces or other heating and cooking equipment with open
flames are prohibited from being used on all vessels.
(c) Vessels permitted to use liquefied and non-liquefied gases as
cooking fuels by 46 CFR part 147 must meet the requirements of
Sec. 184.240. The use of these fuels for cooking, heating, and lighting
on ferry vessels is prohibited by 46 CFR part 147.
Sec. 184.210 Heating equipment.
(a) Each heater must be so constructed and installed as to prevent
the hanging from it of items such as towels and clothing.
(b) Each electric space heater must be provided with a thermal
cutout to prevent overheating.
(c) Each heater element of an electric space heater must be of an
enclosed type, and the element case or jacket must be made of a
corrosion resistant material.
Sec. 184.220 Cooking equipment.
(a) Doors on a cooking appliance must be provided with heavy duty
hinges and locking devices to prevent accidental opening in heavy seas.
(b) A cooking appliance must be installed to prevent movement in
heavy seas.
(c) For a grill or similar type of cooking appliance, means must be
provided to collect grease or fat and to prevent its spillage on wiring
or the deck.
(d) Grab rails must be installed on a cooking appliance when
determined by the cognizant OCMI to be necessary for safety.
(e) Sea rails, with suitable barriers to prevent accidental
movement of cooking pots, must be installed on a cooking range.
(f) Electric connections for a cooking appliance must be dripproof.
Sec. 184.240 Gas systems. [Reserved]
[Note: The regulations in 46 CFR 184.05-1 will be redesignated
as Sec. 184.240 when a final rule is published.]
Subpart C--Mooring and Towing Equipment
Sec. 184.300 Ground tackle and mooring lines.
A vessel must be fitted with ground tackle and mooring lines
necessary for the vessel to be safely anchored and moored. The ground
tackle and mooring lines provided must be satisfactory for the size of
the vessel, the waters on which the vessel operates, and other
operating hazards, subject to the approval of the cognizant OCMI.
Subpart D--Navigation Equipment
Sec. 184.402 Compasses.
(a) Except as otherwise provided in this section every vessel must
be fitted with a suitable magnetic compass designed for marine use, to
be mounted at the primary operating station.
(b) The following vessels need not be fitted with a compass:
(1) A vessel on a rivers route;
(2) A nonself-propelled vessel; and
(3) A vessel operating on short restricted routes on lakes, bays,
and sounds.
(c) Except on a vessel limited to daytime operations, the compass
must be illuminated.
Sec. 184.404 Radars.
(a) A vessel must be fitted with a FCC type accepted general marine
radar system for surface navigation with a radar screen mounted at the
primary operating station if:
(1) The vessel is self-propelled;
(2) The vessel has an oceans, coastwise, or Great Lakes route; and
(3) The vessel carries more than 49 passengers.
(b) A ferry which carries more than 49 passengers on a rivers route
not within one mile of land must be fitted with a Federal
Communications Type Accepted general marine radar system for surface
navigation with a radar screen mounted at the primary operating
station.
(c) The radar and its installation must be suitable for the
intended speed and route of the vessel.
(d) A vessel operated on a short restricted route need not be
fitted with a radar if the cognizant OCMI determines that a radar is
not necessary due to the vessel's route and local weather conditions.
Sec. 184.410 Electronic position fixing devices.
A vessel on an oceans route must be equipped with an electronic
position fixing device, capable of providing accurate fixes for the
area in which the vessel operates, to the satisfaction of the cognizant
OCMI.
Sec. 184.420 Charts and nautical publications.
(a) As appropriate for the intended voyage, a vessel must carry
adequate and up-to-date:
(1) Charts of large enough scale to make safe navigation possible;
(2) U.S. Coast Pilot or similar publication;
(3) Coast Guard Light List;
(4) Tide tables published by the National Ocean Service; and
(5) Current tables published by the National Ocean Service, or a
river current publication issued by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers or
a river authority.
(b) Extracts from the publications listed above for the areas to be
transited may be provided instead of the complete publication.
Subpart E--Radio
Sec. 184.502 Requirements of the Federal Communications Commission.
A vessel must comply with the applicable requirements for any radio
and EPIRB installations, including the requirements for a station
license and installation certificates to be issued by the Federal
Communications Commission, as set forth in 47 CFR part 80.
Sec. 184.506 Emergency broadcast placard.
A durable placard must be posted next to all radiotelephone
installations with the following instructions and information, specific
to the individual vessel, indicated on it:
Emergency Broadcast Procedures
(1) Make sure your radiotelephone is on.
(2) Select 156.8 mHz (channel 16 VHF) or 2182 kHz. (Channel 16
VHF and 2182 kHz on SSB are for emergency and calling purposes
only.)
(3) Press microphone button and, speaking slowly--clearly--
calmly, say:
``MAYDAY--MAYDAY--MAYDAY''
for situations involving Immediate Danger to Life and Property; and
``PAN--PAN--PAN''
for urgent situations where there is No Immediate Danger to Life or
Property.
(4) Say: ``THIS IS (VESSEL'S NAME), (VESSEL'S NAME), (VESSEL'S
NAME), (VESSEL'S CALL SIGN), OVER.''
(5) Release the microphone button briefly and listen for
acknowledgment. If no one answers, repeat steps 3 & 4.
(6) If there is no acknowledgment, or if the Coast Guard or
another vessel responds, say: ``MAYDAY'' or ``PAN'', (VESSEL'S
NAME).''
(7) DESCRIBE YOUR POSITION using latitude and longitude
coordinates, LORAN coordinates, or range and bearing from a known
point.
(8) STATE THE NATURE OF THE DISTRESS.
(9) GIVE NUMBER OF PERSONS ABOARD AND THE NATURE OF ANY
INJURIES.
(10) ESTIMATE THE PRESENT SEAWORTHINESS OF YOUR VESSEL.
(11) BRIEFLY DESCRIBE YOUR VESSEL: (LENGTH, COLOR, HULL TYPE,
TRIM, MASTS, POWER, ANY ADDITIONAL DISTINGUISHING FEATURES).
(12) Say: ``I WILL BE LISTENING ON CHANNEL 16/2182.''
(13) End message by saying: ``THIS IS (VESSEL'S NAME & CALL
SIGN).''
(14) If your situation permits, stand by the radio to await
further communication with the Coast Guard or another vessel. If no
answer, repeat, then try another channel.
Subpart F--Control and Internal Communication Systems
Sec. 184.602 Internal communication systems.
(a) A vessel equipped with pilothouse control must have a fixed
means of two-way communication from the operating station to the
location where the means of controlling the propulsion machinery,
required by Sec. 184.620(a), is located. Twin screw vessels with
pilothouse control for both engines are not required to have a fixed
communications system.
(b) A vessel equipped with auxiliary means of steering, required by
Sec. 182.620 of this subchapter, must have a fixed means of two-way
communication from the operating station to the location where the
auxiliary means of steering is controlled.
(c) When the propulsion machinery of a vessel cannot be controlled
from the operating station, an efficient communication system must be
provided between the operating station and the propulsion machinery
space.
(d) When the locations addressed in paragraphs (a), (b), and (c) of
this section are sufficiently close together, direct voice
communication satisfactory to the cognizant OCMI is acceptable instead
of the required fixed means of communications.
(e) The OCMI may accept hand held portable radios as satisfying the
communications system requirement of this section.
Sec. 184.610 Public address systems.
(a) Except as noted in paragraphs (d) and (e) of this section, each
vessel must be equipped with a public address system.
(b) On a vessel of more than 65 feet in length, the public address
system must be a fixed installation and be audible during normal
operating conditions throughout the accommodation spaces and all other
spaces normally manned by crew members.
(c) A vessel with more than one passenger deck and a vessel with
overnight accommodations must have the public address system operable
from the operating station.
(d) On a vessel of not more than 65 feet in length, a battery
powered bullhorn may serve as the public address system if audible
throughout the accommodation spaces of the vessel during normal
operating conditions. The bullhorn's batteries are to be continually
maintained at a fully charged level by use of a battery charger or
other means acceptable to the cognizant OCMI.
(e) On a vessel of not more than 65 feet in length carrying not
more than 49 passengers, a public address system is not required if a
public announcement made from the operating station without
amplification can be heard throughout the accommodation spaces of the
vessel during normal operating conditions, to the satisfaction of the
cognizant OCMI.
Sec. 184.620 Propulsion engine control systems.
(a) A vessel must have two independent means of controlling each
propulsion engine. Control must be provided for the engine speed,
direction of shaft rotation, and engine shutdown.
(1) One of the means may be the ability to readily disconnect the
remote engine control linkage to permit local operation.
(2) A multiple engine vessel with independent remote propulsion
control for each engine need not have a second means of controlling
each engine.
(b) In addition to the requirements of paragraph (a), a vessel must
have a reliable means for shutting down a propulsion engine, which is
independent of the engine's speed control, located at the main
pilothouse control station.
(c) A propulsion engine control system, including pilothouse
control, must be designed so that a loss of power to the control system
does not result in an increase in shaft speed or propeller pitch.
Subpart G--Miscellaneous
Sec. 184.702 Oil pollution prevention equipment and procedures.
A vessel must comply with the applicable design, equipment,
personnel, procedures, and record requirements of 33 CFR parts 151,
155, and 156.
Sec. 184.704 Marine sanitation devices.
A vessel with installed toilet facilities must have a marine
sanitation device which complies with 33 CFR part 159.
Sec. 184.710 First aid kits.
A vessel must carry a first aid kit approved under part 160,
subpart 160.041 of this chapter or a kit with equivalent contents,
instructions, and markings. The contents must be stowed in a suitable
container, easily visible and readily available to the crew.
PART 185--OPERATIONS
Subpart A--General Provisions
Sec.
185.100 General requirement.
185.115 Applicability to existing vessels.
Subpart B--Marine Casualties and Voyage Records
185.202 Notice of casualty.
185.204 Substance of marine casualty notice.
185.206 Written report of marine casualty.
185.208 Damage to pressure vessels.
185.210 Alcohol or drug use by individuals directly involved in
casualties.
185.212 Mandatory chemical testing following serious marine
incidents.
185.220 Records of a voyage resulting in a marine casualty.
185.230 Report of accident to aid to navigation.
185.250 Assistance required.
185.260 Reports of potential vessel casualty.
185.280 Official logbook for foreign voyages.
Subpart C--Miscellaneous Operating Requirements
185.304 Navigation underway.
185.310 Compliance with provisions of Certificate of Inspection.
185.315 Verification of vessel compliance with applicable stability
requirements.
185.320 Steering gear, controls, and communication system tests.
185.330 Hatches and other openings.
185.335 Loading doors.
185.340 Vessels carrying vehicles.
185.350 Fueling of vessels using fuel having a flash point of
110 deg.F, or lower (gasoline, etc.).
185.352 Ventilation of gasoline machinery spaces.
185.356 Carriage of hazardous materials.
185.360 Use of auto pilot.
185.370 Reckless or negligent operation.
Subpart D--Crew Requirements
185.402 Licenses.
185.410 Watchmen.
185.420 Crew training.
Subpart E--Preparations for Emergencies
185.502 Crew and passenger list, and voyage plan.
185.504 Passenger count.
185.506 Passenger safety orientation.
185.508 Wearing of lifejackets.
185.510 Emergency instructions.
185.512 Emergency instruction placard format.
185.514 Station bill.
185.516 Lifejacket placards.
185.518 Inflatable survival craft placards.
185.520 Abandon ship and man overboard drills and training.
185.524 Fire fighting drills and training.
185.530 Responsibilities of licensed individuals.
Subpart F--Markings Required
185.602 Hull markings.
185.604 Lifesaving equipment markings.
185.606 Escape hatches and emergency exits.
185.608 Fuel shutoff valves.
185.610 Watertight doors and watertight hatches.
185.612 Fire protection equipment.
Subpart G--Operational Readiness, Maintenance, and Inspection of
Lifesaving Equipment
185.700 Operational readiness.
185.702 Maintenance.
185.704 Maintenance of falls.
185.720 Weekly maintenance and inspections.
185.722 Monthly inspections.
185.724 Quarterly inspections.
185.726 Annual inspections.
185.728 Testing and servicing of Emergency Position Indicating
Radiobeacons (EPIRBs).
185.730 Servicing of inflatable liferafts, inflatable buoyant
apparatus, inflatable lifejackets, and inflated rescue boats.
185.740 Periodic servicing of hydrostatic release units.
Subpart H--Penalties
185.900 Penalty for violations.
185.910 Suspension and revocation.
Authority: 46 U.S.C. 2103, 3306, 6101; E.O. 12234, 3 CFR, 1980
Comp., p. 277; 49 CFR 1.46.
Subpart A--General Provisions
Sec. 185.100 General requirement.
A vessel must be operated in accordance with applicable laws and
regulations and in such a manner as to afford adequate precaution
against hazards which might endanger the vessel and the persons being
transported.
Sec. 185.115 Applicability to existing vessels.
(a) An existing vessel need not comply with the hull marking
requirements in Sec. 185.602(b) until completion of a vessel's first
drydock required by Sec. 176.600 of this subchapter, which occurs after
[effective date of the final rule].
(b) An existing vessel need not comply with the marking
requirements in Secs. 185.604 and 185.610, where the size and contents
of the markings required by Secs. 185.604 and 185.610 vary from the
size and contents of required markings on lifesaving equipment,
watertight doors, and watertight hatches on the vessel prior to
[effective date of the final rule], until the existing markings are no
longer legible as determined by the cognizant OCMI.
(c) An existing vessel need not comply with the requirements of
Secs. 185.514, 185.516, and 185.604(j) until completion of the first
inspection for certification which occurs after [effective date of the
final rule].
Subpart B--Marine Casualties and Voyage Records
Sec. 185.202 Notice of casualty.
(a) The owner, agent, master, or person in charge of a vessel
involved in a marine casualty shall give notice as soon as possible to
the nearest Coast Guard Marine Safety or Marine Inspection Office
whenever the casualty involves any of the following:
(1) An accidental grounding, or any intentional grounding which
meets any of the other reporting criteria or creates a hazard to
navigation, the environment, or the safety of the vessel;
(2) Loss of main propulsion or primary steering, or any associated
component or control system, the loss of which causes a reduction of
the maneuvering capabilities of the vessel. Loss means that systems,
component parts, subsystems, or control systems do not perform the
specified or required function for any period of time.
(3) An occurrence materially and adversely affecting the vessel's
seaworthiness or fitness for service or route, including but not
limited to fire, flooding, failure of or damage to fixed fire
extinguishing systems, lifesaving equipment, auxiliary power generating
equipment, or bilge pumping systems.
(4) Loss of life.
(5) Injury which requires professional medical treatment beyond
first aid and, in the case of a person engaged or employed on board a
vessel in commercial service, which renders the individual unfit to
perform routine vessel duties.
(6) An occurrence not meeting any of the above criteria but
resulting in damage to property in excess of $25,000. Damage cost
includes the cost of labor and material to restore the property to the
service condition which existed prior to the casualty, but does not
include the cost of salvage, cleaning, gas freeing, drydocking, or
demurrage.
(b) A vessel is excluded from the requirements of paragraphs (a)(4)
and (a)(5) of this section with respect to the death or injury of
shipyard or harbor workers when such accidents are not the result of
either a vessel casualty (e.g., collision) or a vessel equipment
casualty (e.g., cargo boom failure) and are subject to the reporting
requirements of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration under
29 CFR part 1904.
Sec. 185.204 Substance of marine casualty notice.
The notice required in Sec. 185.202 must include the name and
official number (or the number issued in accordance with 33 CFR part
173) of the vessel involved, the name of the vessel's owner or agent,
the nature and circumstances of the casualty, the locality in which it
occurred, the nature and extent of injury to persons, and the damage to
property.
Sec. 185.206 Written report of marine casualty.
(a) In addition to the notice required by Sec. 185.202, the owner,
master, agent, or person in charge of the vessel shall, within five
days, report in writing to the OCMI at the port in which the casualty
occurred or nearest the port of first arrival. The written report
required for vessel or personnel accidents must be made on Form CG-
2692.
(b) If filed without delay, the Form CG-2692 may also provide the
notice required by Sec. 185.202.
Sec. 185.208 Damage to pressure vessels.
The owner, managing operator, or master shall report damage to a
boiler or unfired pressure vessel, which renders further use of the
item unsafe until repairs are made, to the OCMI at the port in which
the casualty occurred or nearest the port of first arrival, as soon as
practicable after the damage occurs.
Sec. 185.210 Alcohol or drug use by individuals directly involved in
casualties.
(a) For each marine casualty required to be reported by
Sec. 185.202, the owner, agent, master, or person in charge of the
vessel shall determine whether there is any evidence of alcohol or drug
use by individuals directly involved in the casualty.
(b) The owner, agent, master, or person in charge of the vessel
shall include in the written report, Form CG 2692, submitted for the
casualty information which:
(1) Identifies those individuals for whom evidence of drug or
alcohol use, or evidence of intoxication, has been obtained; and
(2) Specifies the method used to obtain such evidence, such as
personal observation of the individual, or by chemical testing of the
individual.
(c) An entry must be made in the Official Logbook if carried,
pertaining to those individuals for whom evidence of intoxication is
obtained. The individual shall be informed of this entry and the entry
shall be witnessed by a second person.
(d) If an individual directly involved in a casualty refuses to
submit to, or cooperate in, the administration of a timely chemical
test, when directed by a Coast Guard commissioned, warrant, or petty
officer, or any other law enforcement officer authorized to obtain a
chemical test under Federal, state, or local law, or by the owner,
agent, master, or person in charge, this fact must be noted in the
Official Logbook, if carried, and in the written report (Form CG 2692),
and will be admissible as evidence in any administrative proceeding.
Sec. 185.212 Mandatory chemical testing following serious marine
incidents.
A marine employer whose vessel is involved in a casualty or
incident which is, or is likely to become, a serious marine incident as
defined in Sec. 4.03-2 of this chapter shall comply with the
requirements of part 4, subpart 4.06 of this chapter.
Sec. 185.220 Records of a voyage resulting in a marine casualty.
The owner, agent, master, or person in charge of any vessel
involved in a marine casualty for which a report is required under
Sec. 185.202 shall retain all voyage records maintained by the vessel,
including rough and smooth deck and engine room logs, bell books,
navigation charts, navigation work books, compass deviation cards,
gyrocompass records, stowage plans, records of draft, aids to mariners,
night order books, radiograms sent and received, radio logs, crew and
passenger lists and counts, articles of shipment, official logs, and
other material which might be of assistance in investigating and
determining the cause of the casualty. The owner, agent, master, other
officer, or person responsible for the custody thereof, shall make
these records available upon request, to a duly authorized
investigating officer, administrative law judge, officer or employee of
the Coast Guard.
Sec. 185.230 Report of accident to aid to navigation.
Whenever a vessel collides with a lightship, buoy, or other aid to
navigation under the jurisdiction of the Coast Guard, or is connected
with any such collision, the person in charge of such vessel shall
report the accident to the nearest OCMI. No report on Form CG 2692 is
required unless otherwise required under Sec. 185.202.
Sec. 185.250 Assistance required.
(a) The master of a vessel involved in a collision, accident, or
other casualty, shall render all practicable and necessary assistance
to persons affected by the collision, accident, or casualty to the
extent possible without serious danger to his or her own vessel or
persons aboard. The master shall also give his or her name, address,
and the identification of his or her vessel to any person injured and
to the owner of any property damaged.
(b) The master of a vessel shall render assistance to any
individual found at sea in danger of being lost, so far as the master
can do so without seriously endangering the master's vessel or
individuals on board.
Sec. 185.260 Reports of potential vessel casualty.
(a) An owner, charterer, managing operator, or agent of a vessel
shall immediately notify either of the following Coast Guard offices if
there is reason to believe the vessel is lost or imperiled:
(1) The Coast Guard district rescue coordination center (RCC)
cognizant over the area in which the vessel was last operating; or
(2) The Coast Guard search and rescue authority nearest to where
the vessel was last operating.
(b) Reasons for belief that a vessel is in distress include, but
are not limited to, lack of communication with or nonappearance of the
vessel.
(c) The owner, charterer, managing operator, or agent notifying the
Coast Guard under paragraph (a) of this section, shall:
(1) Provide the name and identification number of the vessel, a
description of the vessel, the names or number of individuals on board,
and other information that may be requested by the Coast Guard; and
(2) Submit written confirmation within 24 hours to the Coast Guard
facility to which notice was given of the possibility of the vessel
being in distress, unless the original notice was in writing.
Sec. 185.280 Official Logbook for foreign voyages.
(a) Every vessel on a voyage from a port in the United States to a
foreign port except to a port in Canada, or vice versa, must have an
Official Logbook.
(b) The master shall make or have made in the Official Logbook the
following entries:
(1) Each legal conviction of a seaman of the vessel and the
punishment inflicted;
(2) Each offense committed by a seaman of the vessel for which it
is intended to prosecute or to enforce under a forfeiture, together
with statements about reading the entry and the reply made to the
charge as required by 46 U.S.C. 11502;
(3) Each offense for which punishment is inflicted on board and the
punishment inflicted;
(4) A statement of the conduct, character, and qualifications of
each seaman of the vessel or a statement that the master declines to
give an opinion about that conduct, character, and qualifications;
(5) Each illness of or injury to a seaman of the vessel, the nature
of the illness or injury, and the medical treatment;
(6) Each death on board, with the cause of death, and if a seaman,
the information required by 46 U.S.C. 10702:
(i) The wages due to a seaman who dies during the voyage and the
gross amount of all deductions to be made from the wages;
(ii) The sale of the property of a seaman who dies during the
voyage, including a statement of each article sold and the amount
received for the property.
(7) Each birth on board, with the sex of the infant and name of the
parents;
(8) Each marriage on board, with the names and ages of the parties;
(9) The name of each seaman who ceases to be a crew member (except
by death), with the place, time, manner, and the cause why the seaman
ceased to be a crew member;
(10) When a marine casualty occurs, a statement about the casualty
and the circumstances under which it occurred, made immediately after
the casualty when practicable to do so.
Subpart C--Miscellaneous Operating Requirements
Sec. 185.304 Navigation underway.
(a) The master of a vessel underway shall ensure that:
(1) The movement of the vessel is under the direction and control
of the master or a licensed mate at all times;
(2) The individual who directs and controls the movement of the
vessel is competent to perform that duty and, when necessary, knows:
(i) The magnetic variation of the area being transited, the
vessel's deviation (if known), and the gyrocompass error (if the vessel
is so equipped);
(ii) The current velocity and direction of the area being
transited;
(iii) The predicted set and drift for the area being transited; and
(iv) The tidal state for the area being transited;
(3) If a pilot other than a member of the vessel's crew is
employed, the pilot is informed of the draft, maneuvering
characteristics, and peculiarities of the vessel and of any abnormal
circumstances on the vessel that may affect its safe navigation; and
(4) The equipment required by this part is maintained in operable
condition.
(b) The individual directing the movement of the vessel shall:
(1) Ensure that an individual whom the master has determined is
competent to steer the vessel is at the helm of the vessel at all
times;
(2) Set the vessel's speed with consideration for:
(i) The prevailing visibility and weather conditions;
(ii) The proximity of the vessel to fixed shore and marine
structures;
(iii) The comparative proportions of the vessel and the channel;
(iv) The density of marine traffic;
(v) The damage that might be caused by the vessel's wake;
(vi) The strength and direction of the current; and
(vii) Any local vessel speed limit;
(3) Ensure that rudder orders are executed as given;
(4) Ensure that engine speed and direction orders are executed as
given;
(5) Correctly apply magnetic variation, and deviation and
gyrocompass errors when applicable; and
(6) Evaluate the danger of each closing visual or each closing
radar contact.
Sec. 185.310 Compliance with provisions of Certificate of Inspection.
The master of a vessel shall ensure that all of the provisions of
the Certificate of Inspection are strictly adhered to; however, the
master may divert from the route prescribed in the Certificate of
Inspection or take such other steps as deemed necessary and prudent to
assist vessels in distress or for other similar emergencies.
Sec. 185.315 Verification of vessel compliance with applicable
stability requirements.
(a) After loading and prior to departure and at all other times
necessary to assure the safety of the vessel, the master shall
determine that the vessel complies with all applicable stability
requirements in the vessel's trim and stability book, stability letter,
Certificate of Inspection, and Load Line Certificate, as the case may
be. The vessel may not depart until it is in compliance with these
requirements.
(b) When determining compliance with applicable stability
requirements the vessel's draft, trim, and stability must be determined
as necessary and any stability calculations made in support of the
determination must be retained on board the vessel for the duration of
the voyage.
(c) If a log book is required, then the master must enter an
attestation statement verifying that the vessel complies with the
applicable stabilty requirements at the times specified in paragraph
(a) of this section.
Sec. 185.320 Steering gear, controls, and communication system tests.
The master of a vessel shall have examined and tested the steering
gear, signaling whistle, propulsion controls, and communication systems
of the vessel within 12 hours of getting underway for a voyage, except
that such examination and testing need not be conducted more than once
in any 24 hour period.
Sec. 185.330 Hatches and other openings.
(a) Except when operating on lakes, bays, and sounds, or rivers
routes in calm weather, all hatches and openings in the hull of a
vessel must be kept tightly closed except when being used.
(b) All watertight doors in subdivision bulkheads must be kept
tightly closed during the navigation of the vessel except when being
used for transit between compartments.
Sec. 185.335 Loading doors.
(a) The master of a vessel fitted with loading doors shall assure
that all loading doors are closed watertight and secured during the
entire voyage except that:
(1) If a door cannot be opened or closed while the vessel is at a
dock, it may be open while the vessel approaches and draws away from
the dock, but only as far as necessary to enable the door to be
immediately operated.
(2) If needed to operate the vessel, or embark and disembark
passengers when the vessel is at anchor in protected waters, loading
doors may be open provided that the master determines that the safety
of the vessel is not impaired.
(b) For the purposes of this section, ``loading doors'' include all
weathertight ramps, bow visors, and openings used to load personnel,
equipment, and stores, in the collision bulkhead, the side shell, and
the boundaries of enclosed superstructures that are continuous with the
shell of the vessel.
(c) If a log book is required, then the master shall make the
following entries:
(1) The time and door location of every closing of the loading
doors; and
(2) Any opening of the doors in accordance with paragraph (a)(2) of
this section setting forth the time of the opening of the doors and the
circumstances warranting this action.
Sec. 185.340 Vessels carrying vehicles.
(a) Automobiles or other vehicles must be stowed in such a manner
as to permit both passengers and crew to get out and away from the
vehicles freely in the event of fire or other disaster. The decks,
where necessary, must be distinctly marked with painted lines to
indicate the vehicle runways and the aisle spaces.
(b) The master shall take any necessary precautions to see that
automobiles or other vehicles have their motors turned off and their
emergency brakes set when the vessel is underway, and that the motors
are not started until the vessel is secured to the landing. In
addition, a vehicle at each end of a line of vehicles or next to a
loading ramp must have its wheels securely blocked, while the vessel is
being navigated.
(c) The master shall have appropriate ``NO SMOKING'' signs posted
and shall take all necessary precautions to prevent smoking or carrying
of lighted or smoldering pipes, cigars, cigarettes, or similar items in
the deck area assigned to automobiles or other vehicles.
(d) The master shall, prior to getting underway, ensure that
vehicles are properly distributed consistent with the guidance in the
vessel's stability letter and Certificate of Inspection, if applicable.
Sec. 185.350 Fueling of vessels using fuel having a flash point of
110 deg.F or lower (such as gasoline).
A vessel must not take on fuel having a flash point of 110 deg.F or
lower when passengers are on board.
Sec. 185.352 Ventilation of gasoline machinery spaces.
The mechanical exhaust for the ventilation of a gasoline machinery
space, required by Sec. 182.460(a)(1)(ii) of this subchapter, must be
operated prior to starting gasoline engines for the time sufficient to
insure at least one complete change of air in the space served.
Sec. 185.356 Carriage of hazardous materials.
A vessel must not be used to transport a hazardous material, listed
in 49 CFR 172.101, in commerce unless that material is handled and
transported in accordance with 49 CFR parts 171 through 179.
Sec. 185.360 Use of auto pilot.
Whenever an automatic pilot is used the master shall ensure that:
(a) It is possible to immediately establish manual control of the
vessel's steering;
(b) A competent person is ready at all times to take over steering
control; and
(c) The changeover from automatic to manual steering and vice versa
is made by, or under the supervision of, the master or the mate on
watch.
Sec. 185.370 Reckless or negligent operation.
(a) A person shall not operate a vessel subject to the provisions
of this subchapter in a negligent manner which endangers the life,
limb, or property of any person. Violations of this section involving
grossly negligent operation subject the violator, in addition to any
other penalties, to the criminal penalties prescribed in 46 U.S.C.
2302.
(b) The master of a vessel subject to the provisions of this
subchapter shall not get the vessel underway, nor shall the owner,
charterer, or managing operator of the vessel permit the master to get
the vessel underway, when any passengers are aboard and the vessel is
in an unseaworthy condition or weather or sea conditions make vessel
operation unsafe.
Subpart D--Crew Requirements
Sec. 185.402 Licenses.
Each licensed individual employed upon any vessel subject to the
provisions of this subchapter shall have his or her license on board
and available for examination at all times when the vessel is
operating.
Sec. 185.410 Watchmen.
The owner, charterer, master, or managing operator of a vessel
carrying passengers shall have a suitable number of watchmen patrol
throughout the vessel during the nighttime, whether or not the vessel
is underway, to guard against, and give alarm in case of, a fire or
other danger.
Sec. 185.420 Crew training.
The owner, charterer, master or managing operator shall instruct
each crew member, upon first being employed and prior to getting
underway for the first time on a particular vessel and at least once
every two months, as to the duties that the crew member is expected to
perform in an emergency including, but not limited to, the emergency
instructions listed on the emergency instruction placard required by
Sec. 185.510 and, when applicable, the duties listed in the station
bill required by Sec. 185.514.
Subpart E--Preparations for Emergencies
Sec. 185.502 Crew and passenger list, and voyage plan.
(a) The owner, charterer, managing operator, or master of the
following vessels must keep a correct list of the names of all persons
which embark on and disembark from the vessel:
(1) A vessel making an oceans or coastwise voyage;
(2) A vessel making a voyage of more than 300 miles on the Great
Lakes, except from a Canadian to a United States port; and
(3) A vessel arriving from a foreign port except at a United States
Great Lakes port from a Canadian Great Lakes port.
(b) The master of a vessel required to prepare a crew and passenger
list by paragraph (a) of this section shall also prepare a voyage plan.
The voyage plan and the list required by paragraph (a) of this section
must be prepared prior to departing on a voyage and deposited ashore in
a well marked location at the vessel's normal berthing location or with
a representative of the owner or managing operator of the vessel.
Sec. 185.504 Passenger count.
The master of a vessel, except a vessel listed in Sec. 185.502(a),
shall keep a correct, written count of all passengers which embark on
and disembark from the vessel. Prior to departing on a voyage, the
passenger count must be deposited ashore in a well marked location at
the vessel's normal berthing location or with a representative of the
owner or managing operator of the vessel.
Sec. 185.506 Passenger safety orientation.
(a) Except as allowed by paragraph (b) of this section, before
getting underway on a voyage, the master of a vessel shall ensure that
suitable public announcements are made informing all passengers of the
information in this section when applicable to the vessel's operations
and arrangement:
(1) A general explanation of emergency and evacuation procedures;
(2) The location of emergency exits and survival craft embarkation
areas;
(3) The stowage location of lifejackets;
(4) The proper method of donning and adjusting lifejackets of the
type(s) carried on the vessel including a demonstration of the proper
donning of a lifejacket prior to beginning an oceans or coastwise
voyage;
(5) The location of the instruction placards for lifejackets and
other lifesaving devices;
(6) That all passengers will be required to don lifejackets when
possible hazardous conditions exist, as directed by the master;
(7) The type and location of survival craft and ring life buoys
carried on the vessel;
(8) The location and contents of the ``Emergency Instructions''
required by Sec. 185.510; and
(9) If the vessel is operating with reduced manning or equipment
requirements under Sec. 176.114 of this subchapter.
(b) On a vessel with other than an oceans or coastwise route, as an
alternative to making an announcement which complies with paragraph (a)
of this section, the master or other designated person may:
(1) Make an abbreviated announcement consisting of:
(i) A statement that passengers should follow the instructions of
the crew in an emergency;
(ii) The location of lifejackets; and
(iii) That further information concerning emergency procedures
including the donning of lifejackets, location of other emergency
equipment, and emergency evacuation procedures are located on the card
or pamphlet which was given to each passenger or is located near each
seat; and
(2) Prior to getting underway, deliver to each passenger or, on a
vessel which does not carry vehicles and which has seats for each
passenger, place near each seat, a card or pamphlet which has the
information listed in paragraphs (a)(1) through (a)(9) of this section.
(c) The master of a vessel shall ensure that a passenger, who
boards the vessel on a voyage after the initial public announcement has
been made as required by paragraphs (a) or (b) of this section, is also
informed of the required safety information.
(d) On a vessel on a voyage of more than 24 hours duration,
passengers shall be requested to don lifejackets and go to the
appropriate embarkation station during the safety orientation. If only
a small number of passengers embark at a port after the original muster
has been held, these passengers shall be given the passenger safety
orientation required by paragraphs (a) or
(b) of this section if another muster is not held.
Sec. 185.508 Wearing of lifejackets.
(a) The master of a vessel shall require passengers to don
lifejackets when possible hazardous conditions exist, including, but
not limited to:
(1) When transiting hazardous bars and inlets;
(2) During severe weather;
(3) In event of flooding, fire, or other events which may possibly
call for evacuation; and
(4) When the vessel is being towed, except a nonself-propelled
vessel under normal operating conditions.
(b) When evaluating the need to require the donning of lifejackets,
the master shall consider the size of the vessel and the location of
the passengers on the vessel.
(c) Any passenger or crew member shall be permitted to voluntarily
don a lifejacket whenever he or she desires.
(d) The master or crew shall assist each passenger in obtaining a
lifejacket and donning it, as necessary.
Sec. 185.510 Emergency instructions.
(a) Except as otherwise provided in this section, the master shall
prepare and post durable emergency instruction placards in conspicuous
places accessible and visible to the crew and passengers.
(b) Except when in the judgment of the cognizant OCMI the operation
of a vessel does not present one of the hazards listed, the emergency
instruction placard must contain at least the applicable portions of
the ``Emergency Instructions'' listed in Sec. 185.512. The emergency
instructions must be further designed to address the particular
equipment, arrangement, and operation of each individual vessel.
(c) If the cognizant OCMI determines that there is no suitable
mounting surface aboard the vessel, the emergency instructions need not
be posted but must be carried aboard the vessel and be available to the
crew and passengers for familiarization.
Sec. 185.512 Emergency instruction placard format.
An emergency instruction placard containing the following
information will satisfy the requirements of Sec. 185.510.
EMERGENCY INSTRUCTIONS
(1) Rough weather at sea, crossing hazardous bars, or flooding.
(i) Close all watertight and weathertight doors, hatches, and
airports to prevent taking water aboard or further flooding in the
vessel.
(ii) Keep bilges dry to prevent loss of stability due to water
in bilges. Use power driven bilge pump, hand pump, and buckets to
dewater.
(iii) Align fire pumps to use as bilge pump if possible.
(iv) Check all intake and discharge lines, which penetrate the
hull, for leakage.
(v) Passengers must remain seated and evenly distributed.
(vi) Passengers must don lifejackets if the going becomes very
rough, you are about to cross a hazardous bar, or when otherwise
instructed by the master.
(vii) Never abandon the vessel unless actually forced to do so.
(viii) If assistance is needed follow the procedures on the
emergency broadcast placard posted by the radiotelephone.
(ix) Prepare survival craft (life floats, (inflatable) rafts,
(inflatable) buoyant apparatus, boats) for launching.
(2) Man overboard.
(i) Throw a ring buoy overboard as close to the person as
possible.
(ii) Post a lookout to keep the person overboard in sight.
(iii) Launch rescue boat and maneuver to pick up person in the
water, or maneuver the vessel to pick up the person in the water.
(iv) Have crew member put on lifejacket, attach a safety line to
him or her, and have him or her stand by to jump into the water to
assist the person overboard if necessary.
(v) If person is not immediately located, notify Coast Guard and
other vessels in vicinity by radiotelephone.
(vi) Continue search until released by Coast Guard.
(3) Fire.
(i) Cut off air supply to fire--close items such as hatches,
ports, doors, ventilators, and louvers, and shut off ventilation
system.
(ii) Cut off electrical system supplying affected compartment if
possible.
(iii) If safe, immediately use portable fire extinguishers at
base of flames for flammable liquid or grease fires or water for
fires in ordinary combustible materials. Do not use water on
electrical fires.
(iv) If fire is in machinery spaces, shut off fuel supply and
ventilation and activate fixed extinguishing system if installed.
(v) Maneuver vessel to minimize effect of wind on fire.
(vi) If unable to control fire, immediately notify the Coast
Guard and other craft in the vicinity by radiotelephone.
(vii) Move passengers away from fire, have them put on
lifejackets, and if necessary, prepare to abandon the vessel.
Sec. 185.514 Station bill.
(a) A station bill must be posted by the master on a vessel of more
than 65 feet in length having a Certificate of Inspection requiring
more than four crew members at any one time, including the master.
(b) The station bill required by paragraph (a) of this section must
set forth the special duties and duty station of each crew member for
various emergencies. The duties must, as far as possible, be comparable
with the regular work of the individual. The duties must include at
least the following and any other duties necessary for the proper
handling of a particular emergency:
(1) The closing of hatches, airports, watertight doors, vents,
scuppers, and valves for intake and discharge lines which penetrate the
hull, the stopping of fans and ventilating systems, and the operating
of all safety equipment;
(2) The preparing and launching of survival craft and rescue boats;
(3) The extinguishing of fire; and
(4) The mustering of passengers including the following:
(i) Warning the passengers;
(ii) Seeing that they are dressed and have put on their
lifejackets.
(iii) Assembling the passengers and directing them to their
appointed stations; and
(iv) Keeping order in the passageways and stairways and generally
controlling the movement of the passengers.
(c) The station bill must be posted at the operating station and in
a conspicuous location in each crew accommodation space.
Sec. 185.516 Lifejacket placards.
(a) Placards containing instructions for the donning and use of the
lifejackets aboard the vessel must be posted in conspicuous places
which are regularly accessible and visible to the crew and passengers.
(b) If the cognizant OCMI determines that there is no suitable
mounting surface aboard the vessel, the lifejacket placards need not be
posted but must be carried aboard the vessel and be available to the
crew and passengers for familiarization.
Sec. 185.518 Inflatable survival craft placards.
(a) Every vessel equipped with an inflatable survival craft must
have posted in conspicuous places which are regularly accessible and
visible to the crew and passengers, and by each inflatable survival
craft, approved placards or other cards containing instructions for
launching and inflating inflatable survival craft for the information
of persons on board. The number and location of such placards for a
particular vessel must be acceptable to the cognizant OCMI.
(b) Under the requirement in Sec. 160.051-6(c)(1) of this chapter,
the manufacturer of approved inflatable liferafts is required to
provide approved placards containing such instructions with each
liferaft. Similar placards must be used for other inflatable survival
craft.
Sec. 185.520 Abandon ship and man overboard drills and training.
(a) The master shall conduct sufficient drills and give sufficient
instructions to make sure that all crew members are familiar with their
duties during emergencies which necessitate abandoning ship or the
recovery of persons who have fallen overboard.
(b) Each abandon ship drill must include:
(1) Summoning the crew to report to assigned stations and prepare
for assigned duties;
(2) Summoning passengers on a vessel on an overnight voyage to
muster stations or embarkation stations and ensuring that they are made
aware of how the order to abandon ship will be given;
(3) Checking that passengers and crew are suitably dressed;
(4) Checking that lifejackets are correctly donned;
(5) Operation of any davits used for launching liferafts; and
(6) Instruction on the automatic and manual deployment of survival
craft.
(c) Each abandon ship drill must, as far as practicable, be
conducted as if there were an actual emergency.
(d) Each rescue boat required in accordance with Sec. 180.210 of
this subchapter must be launched with its assigned crew aboard and
maneuvered in the water as if during an actual man overboard situation:
(1) Once each month, if reasonable and practicable; but
(2) At least once within a 3 month period before the vessel gets
underway with passengers.
(e) Onboard training in the use of davit launched liferafts must
take place at intervals of not more than 4 months on a vessel with a
davit launched liferaft. Whenever practicable, this must include the
inflation and lowering of a liferaft. If a special liferaft intended
for training purposes only is used, and is not part of the vessel's
lifesaving equipment, the special liferaft must be conspicuously
marked.
Sec. 185.524 Fire fighting drills and training.
(a) The master shall conduct sufficient fire drills to make sure
that each crew member is familiar with his or her duties in case of a
fire.
(b) Each fire drill must include:
(1) Summoning passengers on a vessel on an overnight voyage to
muster or embarkation stations;
(2) Summoning the crew to report to assigned stations and to
prepare for and demonstrate assigned duties; and
(3) Instruction in the use of fire extinguishers and any other fire
fighting equipment on board.
(c) Each fire drill must, as far as practicable, be conducted as if
there were an actual emergency.
Sec. 185.530 Responsibilities of licensed individuals.
Nothing in the emergency instructions or a station bill required by
this subpart exempts any licensed individual from the exercise of good
judgment in an emergency situation.
Subpart F--Markings Required
Sec. 185.602 Hull markings.
(a) This section applies to each vessel that fits into any one of
the following categories:
(1) A vessel of more than 65 feet (19.8 meters) in length.
(2) A sailing vessel of more than 5 feet (19.8 meters) in length.
(3) A vessel authorized to carry more than 160 passengers.
(4) A vessel authorized to carry more than 12 passengers on an
international voyage.
(5) A vessel with more than 1 deck above the bulkhead deck exlusive
of a pilot house.
(b) Each vessel must be marked as required by part 67 of this
chapter.
(c) Each vessel which complies with the stability requirements of
Secs. 170.170, 170.173, 171.050, 171.055, and 171.057 of this chapter,
in accordance with Sec. 178.310 of this subchapter, must:
(1) Have permanent draft marks at each end of the vessel; or
(2) Have permanent loading marks placed on each side of the vessel
forward, amidships, and aft to indicate the maximum allowable draft and
trim.
(d) A loading mark required by paragraph (c)(2) of this section
must be a horizontal line of at least 8 inches in length and 1 inch in
height, with its upper edge passing through the point of maximum draft.
The loading mark must be painted in a contrasting color to the
sideshell paint.
(e) On a vessel which has a load line, the amidships marks required
by paragraph (c)(2) of this section will be those required by the
International Load Line Convention.
(f) In cases where draft marks are obscured due to operational
constaints or by protrusions, the vessel must be fitted with a reliable
draft indicating system from which the bow and stern drafts can be
determined.
(g) On a vessel on which the number of passengers permitted on
upper decks is limited by stability criteria, as indicated by the
vessel's stability letter, the maximum number of passengers allowed on
an upper deck must be indicated by a durable marking of at least 1 inch
numbers and letters at the entranceway to each such deck.
Sec. 185.604 Lifesaving equipment markings.
(a) The name of a vessel must be marked or painted in clearly
legible letters and numbers at least 3 inches high:
(1) On each side of the bow of each rescue boat; and
(2) On each life float and buoyant apparatus.
(b) Each lifejacket, immersion suit, and ring life buoy must be
marked in clearly legible block capital letters with the vessel's name.
The marking is not required on a lifejacket carried to meet a temporary
need for additional lifejackets, if the lifejacket has the name of
another vessel marked on it. For an immersion suit, the name of the
person to whom the immersion suit is assigned is an acceptable
alternative to the name of the vessel.
(c) The name of the vessel must be marked or painted in clearly
legible letters on each Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon
(EPIRB), except on an EPIRB in an inflatable liferaft.
(d) The number of persons capacity must be marked or painted in
clearly legible letters on each side of the bow of each rescue boat in
letters and numbers at least 1.5 inches high.
(e) The number of persons capacity must be marked or painted in
clearly legible letters on each life float and buoyant apparatus in
letters and numbers at least 1.5 inches high. This number must:
(1) Be the number of persons the device is equipped for; and
(2) Not be greater than the number of persons the device is
approved for as shown on its nameplate.
(f) The number of persons each inflatable liferaft is permitted to
accommodate must be marked or painted in clearly legible letters and
numbers at least 1.5 inches high on the inflatable liferaft container.
(g) The number and identification of the items stowed inside, and
their sizes, must be marked in clearly legible letters and numbers on
each container for lifejackets and immersion suits. Identification of
the items may be in words, or the appropriate symbols in IMO Resolution
A.603(15). Letters and numbers must be at least 2 inches high. Symbols
must be at least 100 mm (4 inches) square.
(h) The name of the vessel must be marked or painted in clearly
legible letters on each oar and paddle.
(i) Each lifejacket must be marked with Type I retroreflective
material approved under part 164, subpart 164.018 of this chapter. The
arrangement of the retroreflective material applied after [effective
date of the final rule] must be as specified by IMO Resolution
A.658(16).
(j) Each rescue boat and ring life buoy must be marked with Type II
retroreflective material approved under part 164, subpart 164.018 of
this chapter. The arrangement of the retroreflective material applied
after [insert effective date of the final rule] must be as specified by
IMO Resolution A.658(16).
Sec. 185.606 Escape hatches and emergency exits.
All escape hatches and other emergency exits used as means of
escape must be marked on both sides in clearly legible letters at least
2 inches high: ``EMERGENCY EXIT, KEEP CLEAR'', unless such markings are
deemed unnecessary by the cognizant OCMI.
Sec. 185.608 Fuel shutoff valves.
Remote fuel shutoff stations must be marked in clearly legible
letters at least 1 inch high indicating purpose of the valve and
direction of operation.
Sec. 185.610 Watertight doors and watertight hatches.
Watertight doors and watertight hatches must be marked on both
sides in clearly legible letters at least 1 inch high: ``WATERTIGHT
DOOR--KEEP CLOSED'' or ``WATERTIGHT HATCH--KEEP CLOSED'', unless such
markings are deemed unnecessary by the cognizant OCMI.
Sec. 185.612 Fire protection equipment.
(a) Complete but simple instructions for the operation of a fixed
gas fire extinguishing system must be located in a conspicuous place at
or near each pull box and stop valve control and in the space where the
extinguishing agent cylinders are stored. If the storage cylinders are
separate from the protected space, the instructions must also include a
schematic diagram of the system and instructions detailing alternate
methods of releasing the extinguishing agent should the local manual
release or stop valve controls fail to operate. Each control valve to a
distribution line must be marked to indicate the space served.
(b) An alarm for a fixed gas fire extinguishing system must be
clearly and conspicuously marked ``WHEN ALARM SOUNDS--VACATE AT ONCE.
CARBON DIOXIDE (HALON) BEING RELEASED''.
(c) Each distribution line valve of a fixed gas fire extinguishing
system and the fire main, must be plainly, conspicuously, and
permanently marked indicating the space served.
(d) An alarm for an automatic sprinkler system must be
conspicuously marked in clearly legible letters ``SPRINKLER ALARM''.
(e) An alarm bell for a smoke detecting system must be
conspicuously marked in clearly legible letters ``SMOKE DETECTION
ALARM''.
(f) A control cabinet or space containing valves, manifolds, or
controls for any fixed gas fire extinguishing system must be
conspicuously marked in clearly legible letters ``CARBON DIOXIDE
(HALON) FIRE EXTINGUISHING APPARATUS'', or as otherwise required by the
cognizant OCMI.
Subpart G--Operational Readiness, Maintenance, and Inspection of
Lifesaving Equipment
Sec. 185.700 Operational readiness.
(a) Each launching appliance and each survival craft and rescue
boat on a vessel must be in good working order and ready for immediate
use before the vessel leaves port and at all times when the vessel is
underway.
(b) Each deck where survival craft or rescue boats are stowed or
boarded must be kept clear of obstructions that would interfere with
the boarding and launching of the survival craft or rescue boat.
Sec. 185.702 Maintenance.
(a) The manufacturer's instructions for onboard maintenance of
survival craft, rescue boats, and launching appliances, manufactured on
or after [effective date of the final rule], must be onboard a vessel
of more than 65 feet in length and readily available for a vessel of
not more than 65 feet in length. The instructions must also be readily
available at each inspection for certification and reinspection. The
instructions must include the following:
(1) Checklists for use when carrying out the inspections required
under this subpart;
(2) Maintenance and repair instructions;
(3) A schedule of periodic maintenance;
(4) A diagram of lubrication points with the recommended
lubricants;
(5) A list of replaceable parts;
(6) A list of sources of spare parts; and
(7) A log for records of inspections and maintenance.
(b) The owner or managing operator shall make sure that maintenance
is carried out in accordance with the instructions required under
paragraph (a) of this section.
(c) The cognizant OCMI may accept, instead of the instructions
required under paragraph (a) of this section, a shipboard planned
maintenance program that includes the items listed in that paragraph.
Sec. 185.704 Maintenance of falls.
(a) Each fall used in a launching appliance on a vessel must be
turned end for end at intervals of not more than 30 months.
(b) Each fall must be renewed when necessary due to deterioration
or at intervals of not more than 5 years, whichever is earlier.
(c) Each fall must have a corrosion resistant tag with the
following permanently marked on it:
(1) The date the new fall was installed; and
(2) If the fall has been turned end for end, the date it was
turned.
Sec. 185.720 Weekly maintenance and inspections.
The following tests and inspections must be carried out weekly on a
vessel:
(a) Each survival craft, rescue boat, and launching appliance must
be visually inspected to ensure its readiness for use;
(b) Each rescue boat engine must be run ahead and astern for not
less than 3 minutes, unless the ambient temperature is below the
minimum temperature required for starting the engine; and
(c) Each battery for rescue boat engine starting must be brought up
to full charge at least once each week if:
(1) The battery is of a type that requires recharging; and
(2) The battery is not connected to a device that keeps it
continuously charged.
Sec. 185.722 Monthly inspections.
Each survival craft, rescue boat, and launching appliance on a
vessel must be inspected monthly, using the applicable checklist when
required under Sec. 185.702, to make sure it is complete and in good
order.
Sec. 185.724 Quarterly inspections.
(a) Each winch control apparatus of a launching appliance on a
vessel, including motor controllers, emergency switches, master
switches, and limit switches, must be examined once in each 3 months.
(b) The examination required by paragraph (a) of this section must
include the removal of drain plugs and the opening of drain valves to
make sure that enclosures are free of water.
Sec. 185.726 Annual inspections.
(a) Each rescue boat must be stripped, cleaned, and thoroughly
inspected and repaired at least once each year, including emptying and
cleaning of each fuel tank, and refilling it with fresh fuel.
(b) Each davit, winch, fall and other launching appliance must be
thoroughly inspected and repaired once each year.
(c) Each item of lifesaving equipment with an expiration date must
be replaced during the annual inspection and repair if the expiration
date has passed.
(d) Each battery used in an item of lifesaving equipment, except
inflatable survival craft equipment, must be replaced during the annual
inspection if the expiration date of the battery has passed. The
expiration date of the battery may be marked on the battery or the
owner or managing operator may have a record of the expiration date
from the manufacturer of a battery marked with a serial number.
(e) Except for a storage battery used in a rescue boat, each
battery without an expiration date indicated on it or for which the
owner or managing operator does not have a record of the expiration
date, used in an item of lifesaving equipment, must be replaced during
the annual inspection.
(f) The requirements in this section do not relieve the master of
the requirement under Sec. 185.700 to keep the equipment ready for
immediate use.
Sec. 185.728 Testing and servicing of Emergency Position Indicating
Radiobeacons (EPIRBs).
The master of the vessel shall ensure that:
(a) Each EPIRB, other than an EPIRB in an inflatable liferaft, must
be tested monthly, using the integrated test circuit and output
indicator, to determine that it is operative; and,
(b) The EPIRB's battery is replaced after it is used, or before the
date required by FCC regulations in 47 CFR part 80, whichever comes
sooner.
Sec. 185.730 Servicing of inflatable liferafts, inflatable buoyant
apparatus, inflatable lifejackets and inflated rescue boats.
(a) Each inflatable liferaft, inflatable buoyant apparatus,
inflatable lifejacket, and hybrid inflatable lifejacket or work vest
must be serviced:
(1) Within 12 months of its initial packing; and
(2) Within 12 months of each subsequent servicing, except when
servicing is delayed until the next scheduled inspection of the vessel,
provided that the delay does not exceed 5 months.
(b) Each inflatable liferaft and inflatable buoyant apparatus must
be serviced:
(1) Whenever the container of the raft is damaged, or the straps or
seal are broken; and
(2) In accordance with the servicing procedure under part 160,
subpart 160.051 of this chapter.
(c) Each inflatable lifejacket must be serviced in accordance with
the servicing procedure under part 160, subpart 160.176 of this
chapter.
(d) Each hybrid inflatable lifejacket or work vest must be serviced
in accordance with the servicing procedure under part 160, subpart
160.077 of this chapter.
(e) Repair and maintenance of inflated rescue boats must be in
accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. All repairs must be
made at a servicing facility approved by the Commandant, except for
emergency repairs carried out on board the vessel.
Sec. 185.740 Periodic servicing of hydrostatic release units.
(a) Each hydrostatic release unit, other than a disposable unit,
must be serviced:
(1) Within 12 months of its manufacture and within 12 months of
each subsequent servicing, except when servicing is delayed until the
next scheduled inspection of the vessel, provided that the delay does
not exceed 5 months; and
(2) In accordance with the repair and testing procedures under part
160, subpart 160.062 of this chapter.
(b) Each disposable hydrostatic release unit must be marked with an
expiration date of two years after the date on which the unit is
installed.
Subpart H--Penalties
Sec. 185.900 Penalty for violations.
Violation of the provisions of this subchapter will subject the
violator to the applicable penalty provisions of Subtitle II of Title
46, United States Code.
Sec. 185.910 Suspension and revocation.
An individual holding a license, certificate of registry, or
merchant mariner's document who commits an act of misconduct,
negligence, or incompetence, or who violates or fails to comply with
this subchapter or any other law or regulation intending to promote
marine safety, is subject to proceedings under the provisions of 46
U.S.C. 7703 and part 5 of this chapter with respect to suspension or
revocation of a license, certificate, or document.
Signed: December 21, 1993.
J. W. Kime,
Admiral, U.S. Coast Guard Commandant.
[FR Doc. 94-19 Filed 1-12-94; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4910-14-P
