2025-00554. Whaling Provisions; Aboriginal Subsistence Whaling Quotas

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Department of Commerce

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

1. [RTID 0648-XE567]

AGENCY:

National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Commerce.

ACTION:

Notice; notification of quota for bowhead whales.

SUMMARY:

NMFS notifies the public of the aboriginal subsistence whaling quota for bowhead whales assigned to the Alaska Eskimo Whaling Commission (AEWC), and of limitations on the use of the quota deriving from regulations of the International Whaling Commission (IWC). For 2025, the AEWC quota is 93 bowhead whales struck. This quota and other applicable limitations govern the harvest of bowhead whales by licensed whaling captains of the AEWC.

DATES:

Applicable January 14, 2025.

ADDRESSES:

Office of International Affairs, Trade, and Commerce, National Marine Fisheries Service, 1315 East-West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:

Madison Harris, [phone].

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Aboriginal subsistence whaling in the United States is governed by the Whaling Convention Act (WCA) (16 U.S.C. 916 et seq.). Under the WCA, IWC regulations shall become effective with respect to all persons and vessels subject to the jurisdiction of the United States within 90 days of notification from the IWC Secretariat of an amendment to the IWC Schedule (16 U.S.C. 916k). Regulations that implement the WCA, found at 50 CFR part 230, require NOAA's Assistant Administrator for Fisheries to publish, at least annually, aboriginal subsistence whaling quotas and any other limitations on aboriginal subsistence whaling deriving from regulations of the IWC.

At the 67th meeting of the IWC in 2018, the Commission set catch limits for aboriginal subsistence use of bowhead whales from the Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort Seas stock for the years 2019-2025. The aboriginal subsistence whaling catch limits were based on a joint request by Denmark on behalf of Greenland, the Russian Federation, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, and the United States, accompanied by documentation concerning the needs of the Native groups.

The IWC set a 7-year block catch limit of 392 bowhead whales landed. For each of the years 2019 through 2025, the number of bowhead whales struck may not exceed 67, with unused strikes from the 3 prior quota blocks carried forward and added to the annual strike quota of subsequent years, provided that no more than 50 percent of the annual strike limit is added to the strike quota for any 1 year. For the 2025 bowhead harvest, there are 33 strikes available for carry-forward, so the combined strike quota set by the IWC for 2025 is 100 (67 + 33).

Both Alaska and Russian Natives hunt the bowhead whale, and thus the IWC quota for the bowhead whale is shared between the two Native groups. To account for the shared quota, the United States and Russia established a cooperative arrangement to monitor the quota.

NOAA has assigned 93 strikes to the AEWC through its cooperative agreement with the AEWC, accounting for bowhead whales that may be hunted by Russian Natives. The AEWC will in turn allocate these strikes among the 11 villages whose cultural and subsistence needs have been documented, and will ensure that AEWC whaling captains use no more than 93 strikes.

At its 67th meeting, the IWC also provided for an automatic extension of aboriginal subsistence whaling catch limits under certain circumstances. Commencing in 2026, bowhead whale catch limits shall be extended every 6 years provided: (a) the IWC Scientific Committee advises in 2024, and every 6 ( print page 3186) years thereafter, that such limits will not harm the stock; (b) the Commission does not receive a request from the United States or the Russian Federation for a change in the bowhead whale catch limits based on need; and (c) the Commission determines that the United States and the Russian Federation have complied with the IWC's approved timeline and that the information provided represents a status quo continuation of the hunts. At its 69th meeting in September 2024, the IWC reviewed the aboriginal subsistence whaling extension criteria and determined by consensus that all of the conditions had been met, and thus agreed to extend the ASW strike/catch limits for 6 years, for the period 2026-2031.

Other Limitations

The IWC regulations, as well as the NOAA regulation at 50 CFR 230.4(c), forbid the taking of calves or any whale accompanied by a calf.

NOAA regulations (at 50 CFR 230.4) also contain other prohibitions relating to aboriginal subsistence whaling, some of which are summarized here:

• No person, other than licensed whaling captains or crew under the control of those captains, shall engage in aboriginal subsistence whaling.
• No whaling captain shall engage in whaling that is not in accordance with the regulations of the IWC, NOAA, and the relevant cooperative agreement.
• No whaling captain shall engage in whaling without an adequate crew or without adequate supplies and equipment.
• No person may receive money for participating in the hunt.
• No person may sell or offer for sale whale products from whales taken in the hunt, except for authentic articles of Native handicrafts.
• Captains cannot continue to whale after the relevant quota is reached, after the season has been closed, or if their licenses have been suspended.
• No captain shall engage in whaling in a wasteful manner.

Dated: January 7, 2025.

Alexa Cole,

Director, Office of International Affairs, Trade, and Commerce, National Marine Fisheries Service.