2024-31214. Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Commercial Refrigerators, Freezers, and Refrigerator-Freezers

Table 1 to Paragraph (a)(1) —Maximum Daily Energy Consumption Standards
Equipment category	Condensing unit configuration	Equipment family	Rating temp. °F	Operating temp. °F	Equipment class designation *	Maximum daily energy consumption ** (kWh/day)
Remote Condensing Commercial Refrigerators and Commercial Freezers	Remote (RC)	Vertical Open (VOP)	38 (M) 0 (L)	≥32 32	VOP.RC.M VOP.RC.L	0.64 × TDA + 4.07 2.2 × TDA + 6.85
		Semivertical Open (SVO)	38 (M) 0 (L)	≥32 32	SVO.RC.M SVO.RC.L	0.66 × TDA + 3.18 2.2 × TDA + 6.85
		Horizontal Open (HZO)	38 (M) 0 (L)	≥32 32	HZO.RC.M HZO.RC.L	0.35 × TDA + 2.88 0.55 × TDA + 6.88
		Vertical Closed Transparent (VCT)	38 (M) 0 (L)	≥ 32 32	VCT.RC.M VCT.RC.L	0.15 × TDA + 1.95 0.49 × TDA + 2.61
		Horizontal Closed Transparent (HCT)	38 (M) 0 (L)	≥32 32	HCT.RC.M HCT.RC.L	0.16 × TDA + 0.13 0.34 × TDA + 0.26
		Vertical Closed Solid (VCS)	38 (M) 0 (L)	≥32 32	VCS.RC.M VCS.RC.L	0.1 × V + 0.26 0.21 × V + 0.54
		Horizontal Closed Solid (HCS)	38 (M) 0 (L)	≥32 32	HCS.RC.M HCS.RC.L	0.1 × V + 0.26 0.21 × V + 0.54
		Service Over Counter (SOC)	38 (M) 0 (L)	≥32 32	SOC.RC.M SOC.RC.L	0.44 × TDA + 0.11 0.93 × TDA + 0.22
Self-Contained Commercial Refrigerators and Commercial Freezers Without Doors	Self-Contained (SC)	Vertical Open (VOP)	38 (M) 0 (L)	≥32 32	VOP.SC.M VOP.SC.L	1.69 × TDA + 4.71 4.25 × TDA + 11.82
		Semivertical Open (SVO)	38 (M) 0 (L)	≥32 32	SVO.SC.M SVO.SC.L	1.7 × TDA + 4.59 4.26 × TDA + 11.51
		Horizontal Open (HZO)	38 (M) 0 (L)	≥32 32	HZO.SC.M HZO.SC.L	0.72 × TDA + 5.55 1.9 × TDA + 7.08
Self-Contained Commercial Refrigerators and Commercial Freezers With Doors	Self-Contained (SC)	Vertical Closed Transparent (VCT)	38 (M) 0 (L)	≥32 32	VCT.SC.M VCT.SC.L	0.1 × V + 0.86 0.29 × V + 2.95
		Vertical Closed Solid (VCS)	38 (M) 0 (L)	≥32 32	VCS.SC.M VCS.SC.L	0.05 × V + 1.36 0.22 × V + 1.38
		Horizontal Closed Transparent (HCT)	38 (M) 0 (L)	≥32 32	HCT.SC.M HCT.SC.L	0.06 × V + 0.37 0.08 × V + 1.23
		Horizontal Closed Solid (HCS)	38 (M) 0 (L)	≥32 32	HCS.SC.M HCS.SC.L	0.05 × V + 0.91 0.06 × V + 1.12
		Service Over Counter (SOC)	38 (M) 0 (L)	≥32 32	SOC.SC.M SOC.SC.L	0.52 × TDA + 1 1.1 × TDA + 2.1
Self-Contained Commercial Refrigerators with Transparent Doors for Pull-Down Temperature Applications	Self-Contained (SC)	Pull-Down (PD)	38 (M)	≥32	PD.SC.M	0.11 × V + 0.81
Commercial Ice-Cream Freezers	Remote (RC)	Vertical Open (VOP)	−15 (I)	≤−5	VOP.RC.I	2.79 × TDA + 8.7
		Semivertical Open (SVO)			SVO.RC.I	2.79 × TDA + 8.7
		Horizontal Open (HZO)			HZO.RC.I	0.7 × TDA + 8.74
		Vertical Closed Transparent (VCT)			VCT.RC.I	0.58 × TDA + 3.05
		Horizontal Closed Transparent (HCT)			HCT.RC.I	0.4 × TDA + 0.31
( print page 7645)
		Vertical Closed Solid (VCS)			VCS.RC.I	0.25 × V + 0.63
		Horizontal Closed Solid (HCS)			HCS.RC.I	0.25 × V + 0.63
		Service Over Counter (SOC)			SOC.RC.I	1.09 × TDA + 0.26
	Self-Contained (SC)	Vertical Open (VOP)			VOP.SC.I	5.4 × TDA + 15.02
		Semivertical Open (SVO)			SVO.SC.I	5.41 × TDA + 14.63
		Horizontal Open (HZO)			HZO.SC.I	2.42 × TDA + 9
		Vertical Closed Transparent (VCT)			VCT.SC.I	0.62 × TDA + 3.29
		Horizontal Closed Transparent (HCT)			HCT.SC.I	0.56 × TDA + 0.43
		Vertical Closed Solid (VCS)			VCS.SC.I	0.34 × V + 0.88
		Horizontal Closed Solid (HCS)			HCS.SC.I	0.34 × V + 0.88
		Service Over Counter (SOC)			SOC.SC.I	1.53 × TDA + 0.36
* The meaning of the letters in this column is indicated in the columns to the left.
** “V” is the volume, expressed in ft³ , as determined in appendix B to this subpart. “TDA” is the total display area, expressed in ft² , as determined in appendix B to this subpart.

(2) For commercial refrigeration equipment with two or more compartments ( i.e., hybrid refrigerators, hybrid freezers, hybrid refrigerator-freezers, and non-hybrid refrigerator-freezers), the maximum daily energy consumption (MDEC) for each model shall be the sum of the MDEC values for all of its compartments. For each compartment, measure the TDA or volume of that compartment, and determine the appropriate equipment class based on that compartment's equipment family, condensing unit configuration, and designed operating temperature. The MDEC limit for each compartment shall be the calculated value obtained by entering that compartment's TDA or volume into the standard equation in paragraph (a)(1) of this section for that compartment's equipment class. Measure the calculated daily energy consumption (CDEC) or total daily energy consumption (TDEC) for the entire case:

(i) For remote condensing commercial hybrid refrigerators, hybrid freezers, hybrid refrigerator-freezers, and non-hybrid refrigerator-freezers, where two or more independent condensing units each separately cool only one compartment, measure the total refrigeration load of each compartment separately according to AHRI Standard 1200 (I-P)-2010 test procedure (incorporated by reference, see § 431.63). Calculate compressor energy consumption (CEC) for each compartment using table 1 in ARI Standard 1200-2006 (incorporated by reference, see § 431.63) or AHRI Standard 1200 (I-P)-2010 (incorporated by reference, see § 431.63) using the saturated evaporator temperature for that compartment. The CDEC for the entire case shall be the sum of the CEC for each compartment, fan energy consumption (FEC), lighting energy consumption (LEC), anti-condensate energy consumption (AEC), defrost energy consumption (DEC), and condensate evaporator pan energy consumption (PEC) (as measured in AHRI Standard 1200 (I-P)-2010).

(ii) For remote condensing commercial hybrid refrigerators, hybrid freezers, hybrid refrigerator-freezers, and non-hybrid refrigerator-freezers, where two or more compartments are cooled collectively by one condensing unit, measure the total refrigeration load of the entire case according to the AHRI Standard 1200 (I-P)-2010 test procedure (incorporated by reference, see § 431.63). Calculate a weighted saturated evaporator temperature for the entire case by:

multiplying the saturated evaporator temperature of each compartment by the volume of that compartment (as measured in AHRI Standard 1200 (I-P)-2010 (incorporated by reference, see § 431.63)),

summing the resulting values for all compartments; and

dividing the resulting total by the total volume of all compartments.

Calculate the CEC for the entire case using table 1 in ARI Standard 1200-2006 (incorporated by reference, see § 431.63) or AHRI Standard 1200 (I-P)-2010 (incorporated by reference, see § 431.63), using the total refrigeration load and the weighted average saturated evaporator temperature. The CDEC for the entire case shall be the sum of the CEC, FEC, LEC, AEC, DEC, and PEC.

(iii) For self-contained commercial hybrid refrigerators, hybrid freezers, hybrid refrigerator-freezers, and non-hybrid refrigerator-freezers, measure the TDEC for the entire case according to the AHRI Standard 1200 (I-P)-2010 test procedure (incorporated by reference, see § 431.63).

(3) For remote condensing and self-contained wedge cases, measure the CDEC or TDEC according to the AHRI Standard 1200 (I-P)-2010 test procedure (incorporated by reference, see § 431.63). For wedge cases in equipment classes for which a volume metric is used, the MDEC shall be the amount derived from the appropriate standards equation in paragraph (a)(1) of this section. For wedge cases of equipment classes for which a TDA metric is used, the MDEC for each model shall be the amount derived by incorporating into the standards equation in paragraph (a)(1) of this section for the equipment class a value for the TDA that is the product of:

(i) The vertical height of the air-curtain (or glass in a transparent door) and

(ii) The largest overall width of the case, when viewed from the front.

(b) Each commercial refrigerator, freezer, and refrigerator-freezer, except as specified in paragraph (c) of this section, manufactured on or after Monday, January 22, 2029, shall have a daily energy consumption (in kilowatt-hours per day or “kWh/day”), when measured in accordance with the DOE ( print page 7646) test procedure at appendix B to this subpart, that does not exceed the following:

(1) For commercial refrigerators, freezers, and refrigerator-freezers other than commercial hybrids or commercial refrigerator-freezers:

Table 2 to Paragraph (b)(1) —Maximum Daily Energy Consumption Standards for Equipment Connected to Remote Condensing Units
Condensing unit configuration	Equipment family	Rating temperature (°F)	Operating temperature (°F)	Equipment class designation *	Maximum daily energy consumption ** (kWh/day)
Remote Condensing (RC)	Vertical Open (VOP)	55.0 (H) 38.0 (M)	40.0 ≤40.0 and ≥32.0	VOP.RC.H VOP.RC.M	0.551 × TDA + 3.506 0.591 × TDA + 3.758
		0.0 (L) −15.0 (I)	32.0 ≤−13.0	VOP.RC.L VOP.RC.I	2.079 × TDA + 6.472 2.637 × TDA + 8.222
	Semivertical Open (SVO)	55.0 (H) 38.0 (M)	40.0 ≤40.0 and ≥32.0	SVO.RC.H SVO.RC.M	0.572 × TDA + 2.756 0.611 × TDA + 2.944
		0.0 (L) −15.0 (I)	32.0 ≤−13.0	SVO.RC.L SVO.RC.I	2.079 × TDA + 6.473 2.637 × TDA + 8.222
	Horizontal Open (HZO)	55.0 (H) 38.0 (M)	40.0 ≤40.0 and ≥32.0	HZO.RC.H HZO.RC.M	0.350 × TDA + 2.880 0.350 × TDA + 2.880
		0.0 (L) −15.0 (I)	32.0 ≤−13.0	HZO.RC.L HZO.RC.I	0.550 × TDA + 6.880 0.700 × TDA + 8.740
	Vertical Closed Transparent (VCT)	55.0 (H) 38.0 (M)	40.0 ≤40.0 and ≥32.0	VCT.RC.H VCT.RC.M	0.150 × TDA + 1.950 0.150 × TDA + 1.950
		0.0 (L) −15.0 (I)	32.0 ≤−13.0	VCT.RC.L VCT.RC.I	0.490 × TDA + 2.610 0.580 × TDA + 3.050
	Horizontal Closed Transparent (HCT)	38.0 (M) 0.0 (L)	≥32.0 32.0	HCT.RC.M HCT.RC.L	0.160 × TDA + 0.130 0.340 × TDA + 0.260
		−15.0 (I)	≤−13.0	HCT.RC.I	0.356 × TDA + 0.276
	Vertical Closed Solid (VCS)	55.0 (H) 38.0 (M)	40.0 ≤40.0 and ≥32.0	VCS.RC.H VCS.RC.M	0.100 × V + 0.260 0.100 × V + 0.260
		0.0 (L) −15.0 (I)	32.0 ≤−13.0	VCS.RC.L VCS.RC.I	0.210 × V + 0.540 0.250 × V + 0.630
	Horizontal Closed Solid (HCS)	38.0 (M) 0.0 (L)	≥32.0 32.0	HCS.RC.M HCS.RC.L	0.100 × V + 0.260 0.210 × V + 0.540
		−15.0 (I)	≤−13.0	HCS.RC.I	0.250 × V + 0.630
	Service Over Counter (SOC)	55.0 (H) 38.0 (M)	40.0 ≤40.0 and ≥ 32.0	SOC.RC.H SOC.RC.M	0.440 × TDA + 0.110 0.440 × TDA + 0.110
		0.0 (L) −15.0 (I)	32.0 ≤−13.0	SOC.RC.L SOC.RC.I	0.930 × TDA + 0.220 0.970 × TDA + 0.231
	Chef Base (CB)	38.0 (M) 0.0 (L)	≥32.0 32.0	CB.RC.M CB.RC.L	0.050 × V + 0.686 0.194 × V + 1.693
* The meaning of the letters in this column is indicated in the columns to the left.
** “V” is the volume, expressed in ft³ , as determined in appendix B to this subpart. “TDA” is the total display area, expressed in ft² , as determined in appendix B to this subpart.

Table 3 to Paragraph (b)(1) —Maximum Daily Energy Consumption Standards for Equipment Connected to Self-Contained Units
Condensing unit configuration	Equipment family	Rating temperature (°F)	Operating temperature (°F)	Capacity range	Equipment class designation *	Maximum daily energy consumption ** (kWh/day)
Self-Contained (SC)	Vertical Open (VOP)	55.0 (H)	40.0	All TDAs	VOP.SC.H	0.890 × TDA + 2.480
		38.0 (M)	≤40.0 and ≥32.0	TDA ≤17 ft²	VOP.SC.M (≤17)	1.230 × TDA + 3.428
				TDA 17 ft²	VOP.SC.M (17)	1.69 × TDA + 4.71
		0.0 (L)	32.0	All TDAs	VOP.SC.L	3.092 × TDA + 8.598
		−15.0 (I)	≤−13.0		VOP.SC.I	3.928 × TDA + 10.926
	Semivertical Open (SVO)	55.0 (H)	40.0	All TDAs	SVO.SC.H	1.045 × TDA + 2.822
		38.0 (M)	≤40.0 and ≥32.0	TDA ≤15 ft²	SVO.SC.M (≤15)	1.207 × TDA + 3.258
				TDA 15 ft²	SVO.SC.M (15)	1.7 × TDA + 4.59
		0.0 (L)	32.0	All TDAs	SVO.SC.L	3.024 × TDA + 8.169
		−15.0 (I)	≤−13.0		SVO.SC.I	3.840 × TDA + 10.384
	Horizontal Open (HZO)	55.0 (H)	40.0	All TDAs	HZO.SC.H	0.546 × TDA + 4.211
		38.0 (M)	≤40.0 and ≥32.0		HZO.SC.M	0.532 × TDA + 4.100
		0.0 (L)	32.0	TDA ≤35 ft²	HZO.SC.L (≤35)	1.490 × TDA + 5.554
				TDA 35 ft²	HZO.SC.L (35)	1.9 × TDA + 7.08
		−15.0 (I)	≤−13.0	All TDAs	HZO.SC.I	1.900 × TDA + 7.065
	Vertical Closed Transparent (VCT)	55.0 (H)	40.0	All TDAs	VCT.SC.H	0.047 × V + 0.493
		38.0 (M)	≤40.0 and ≥32.0	V ≤100 ft³	VCT.SC.M (≤100)	0.073 × V + 0.630
					VCT.SC.M (≤100) with Feature ***	0.078 × V + 0.674
				V 100 ft³	VCT.SC.M (100)	0.1 × V + 0.86
		0.0 (L)	32.0	V ≤70 ft³	VCT.SC.L (≤70)	0.233 × V + 2.374
					VCT.SC.L (≤70) with Feature ***	0.249 × V + 2.540
				V 70 ft³	VCT.SC.L (70)	0.29 × V + 2.95
		−15.0 (I)	≤−13.0	All Volumes	VCT.SC.I	0.620 × TDA + 3.290
( print page 7647)
	Vertical Closed Solid (VCS)	55.0 (H)	40.0	All Volumes	VCS.SC.H	0.021 × V + 0.793
		38.0 (M)	≤40.0 and ≥32.0	All Volumes	VCS.SC.M	0.038 × V + 1.039
					VCS.SC.M with Feature ***	0.041 × V + 1.112
		0.0 (L)	32.0	V ≤100 ft³	VCS.SC.L (≤100)	0.169 × V + 1.059
					VCS.SC.L (≤100) with Feature ***	0.181 × V + 1.133
				V 100 ft³	VCS.SC.L (100)	0.22 × V + 1.38
		−15.0 (I)	≤−13.0	All Volumes	VCS.SC.I	0.264 × V + 0.683
	Horizontal Closed Transparent (HCT)	38.0 (M)	≥32.0	All Volumes	HCT.SC.M	0.060 × V + 0.370
		0.0 (L)	32.0		HCT.SC.L	0.080 × V + 1.230
		−15.0 (I)	≤−13.0		HCT.SC.I	0.498 × TDA + 0.383
	Horizontal Closed Solid (HCS)	38.0 (M)	≥32.0	All Volumes	HCS.SC.M	0.037 × V + 0.675
		0.0 (L)	32.0		HCS.SC.L	0.055 × V + 1.033
					HCS.SC.L with Feature ***	0.059 × V + 1.105
		−15.0 (I)	≤−13.0		HCS.SC.I	0.313 × V + 0.811
	Service Over Counter (SOC)	55.0 (H)	40.0	All TDAs	SOC.SC.H	0.304 × TDA + 0.584
		38.0 (M)	≤40.0 and ≥32.0	TDA ≤40 ft²	SOC.SC.M (≤40)	0.356 × TDA + 0.685
				TDA 40 ft²	SOC.SC.M (40)	0.52 × TDA + 1
		0.0 (L)	32.0	All TDAs	SOC.SC.L	1.100 × TDA + 2.100
		−15.0 (I)	≤−13.0		SOC.SC.I	1.530 × TDA + 0.360
	Chef Base (CB)	38.0 (M)	≥32.0	All Volumes	CB.SC.M	0.081 × V + 1.117
		0.0 (L)	32.0		CB.SC.L	0.297 × V + 2.591
	Pull-Down (PD)	38.0 (M)	≥32.0		PD.SC.M	0.11 × V + 0.81
* The meaning of the letters in this column is indicated in the columns to the left.
** “V” is the volume, expressed in ft³ , as determined in appendix B to this subpart. “TDA” is the total display area, expressed in ft² , as determined in appendix B to this subpart.
*** For equipment classes designated “with Feature,” refer to table 4 to this paragraph for the list of qualifying features applicable to each class.

Table 4 to Paragraph (b)(1) —Qualifying Features for Equipment Classes Designated “with Feature”
Equipment class	Qualifying feature(s)
VCT.SC.M (≤100)	Pass-through doors.
	Sliding doors.
	Both pass-through and sliding doors.
	Roll-in doors.
	Roll-through doors.
VCT.SC.L (≤70)	Pass-through doors.
VCS.SC.M	Pass-through doors.
	Roll-in doors.
	Roll-through doors.
	Drawer units.
VCS.SC.L (≤100)	Pass-through doors.
	Roll-in doors.
	Roll-through doors.
	Drawer units.
HCS.SC.L	Forced air evaporator.

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Document Information

Effective Date:: 3/24/2025
Published:: 01/21/2025
Department:: Energy Department
Entry Type:: Rule
Action:: Final rule.
Document Number:: 2024-31214
Dates:: The effective date of this rule is March 24, 2025. Compliance with the new and amended standards established for commercial refrigerators, freezers, and refrigerator-freezers in this final rule is required on and after Monday, January 22, 2029. The incorporation by reference of certain material listed in this rule was approved by the Director of the Federal Register as of March 10, 2009 and October 23, 2013.
Pages:: 7464-7648 (185 pages)
Docket Numbers:: EERE-2017-BT-STD-0007
RINs:: 1904-AD82: Energy Conservation Standards for Commercial Refrigerators, Freezers, and Refrigerator-Freezers
RIN Links:: https://www.federalregister.gov/regulations/1904-AD82/energy-conservation-standards-for-commercial-refrigerators-freezers-and-refrigerator-freezers
Topics:: Administrative practice and procedure, Confidential business information, Incorporation by reference, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements
PDF File:: 2024-31214.pdf
Supporting Documents:: » Engineering Analysis Commercial Refrigeration Equipment Final Rule Spreadsheet; » Life-Cycle Cost (LCC) and Payback Period Analysis Commercial Refrigeration Equipment Final Rule Spreadsheet; » 2024-2025 Government Regulatory Impact Model (GRIM) Commercial Refrigeration Equipment ECS Final Rule, Winter 2024-2025 Spreadsheet; » CRE NODA Engineering Spreadsheet Instructions and Troubleshooting Guide (Cross reference EERE-2017-BT-STD-0007-0091); » CRE NODA Supporting Spreadsheets; » 2023-12-06 DOE Response letter to the Air-conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute (AHRI) request for extension of the notice of proposed rulemaking (NOPR) comment due date (xref: EERE-2017-BT-STD-0007-0065); » 2023-11-07 Transcript of Proceedings in the Matter of: Energy Conservation Standards Notice of Proposed Rulemaking for Commercial Refrigerators, Freezers, and Refrigerator-Freezers, Docket No. : EERE-2017-BT-STD-0007; » 2023-11-07 CRE Meeting Registration List, November 7, 2023; » 2023-11-07 Meeting Attendee List (registration-20231106221459); » 2023-11-07 Meeting Presentation: Energy Conservation Standards Notice of Proposed Rulemaking for Commercial Refrigerators, Freezers, and Refrigerator Freezers, November 7, 2023
CFR: (1): 10 CFR 431