95-2306. Formu-3 International, Inc., et al.; Proposed Consent Agreement With Analysis To Aid Public Comment  

  • [Federal Register Volume 60, Number 20 (Tuesday, January 31, 1995)]
    [Notices]
    [Pages 5922-5927]
    From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
    [FR Doc No: 95-2306]
    
    
    
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    FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION
    [File No. 922 3212]
    
    
    Formu-3 International, Inc., et al.; Proposed Consent Agreement 
    With Analysis To Aid Public Comment
    
    AGENCY: Federal Trade Commission.
    
    ACTION: Proposed consent agreement.
    
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    SUMMARY: In settlement of alleged violations of federal law prohibiting 
    unfair acts and practices and unfair methods of competition, this 
    consent agreement, accepted subject to final Commission approval, would 
    prohibit, among other things, the Ohio weight-loss centers from making 
    false and unsubstantiated weight-loss and weight-loss maintenance 
    claims, and from misrepresenting the price of the program in any way, 
    and would require the respondents to make certain disclosures in 
    conjunction with weight-loss and safety maintenance claims in the 
    future.
    
    DATES: Comments must be received on or before April 3, 1995.
    
    ADDRESSES: Comments should be directed to: FTC/Office of the Secretary, 
    Room 159, 6th St. and Pa. Ave., NW., Washington, DC 20580.
    
    FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
    Brenda Doubrava, Cleveland Regional Office, Federal Trade Commission, 
    520-A Atrium Office Plaza, 668 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio 44114-3006. 
    (216) 522-4210.
    
    SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Pursuant to Section 6(f) of the Federal 
    Trade Commission Act, 38 Stat. 721, 15 U.S.C. 46 and Section 2.34 of 
    the Commission's Rules of Practice (16 CFR 2.34), notice is hereby 
    given that the following consent agreement containing a consent order 
    to cease and desist, having been filed with and accepted, subject to 
    final approval, by the Commission, has been placed on the public record 
    for a period of sixty (60) days. Public comment is invited. Such 
    comments or views will be considered by the Commission and will be 
    available for inspection and copying at its principal office in 
    accordance with Section 4.9(b)(6)(ii) of the Commission's Rules of 
    Practice (16 CFR 4.9(b)(6)(ii)).
    
        In the Matter of: Formu-3 International, Inc., a corporation, 
    Formu-3 of Northern Ohio, Inc., a corporation, and Formu-3 of 
    Southern Ohio, Inc., a corporation, File No. 922 3212.
    
    Agreement Containing Consent Order To Cease and Desist
    
        The Federal Trade Commission having initiated an investigation of 
    certain acts and practices of Formu-3 International, Inc., a 
    corporation, Formu-3 of Northern Ohio, Inc., a corporation, and Formu-3 
    of Southern Ohio, Inc., a corporation (``proposed respondents''), and 
    it now appearing that proposed respondents are willing to enter into an 
    agreement containing an order to cease and desist from the use of the 
    acts and practices being investigated,
        It is hereby agreed by and between Formu-3 International, Inc., a 
    Formu-3 of Northern Ohio, Inc., and Formu-3 of Southern Ohio, Inc., by 
    their duly authorized officers, and their attorneys, and counsel for 
    the Federal Trade Commission that:
        1. Proposed respondents Formu-3 International, Inc., Formu-3 of 
    Northern Ohio, Inc., and Formu-3 of Southern Ohio, Inc., are 
    corporations organized, existing, and doing business under and by 
    virtue of the laws of the State of Ohio. The principal place of 
    business of all three corporations is located at 4790 Douglas Circle 
    NW., Canton, Ohio 44718.
        2. Proposed respondents admit all the jurisdictional facts set 
    forth in the draft complaint.
        3. Proposed respondents waive:
        (a) Any further procedural steps;
        (b) The requirement that the Commission's decision contain a 
    statement of findings of fact and conclusions of law;
        (c) All rights to seek judicial review or otherwise to challenge or 
    contest the validity of the Order entered pursuant to this agreement; 
    and
        (d) Any claim under the Equal Access to Justice Act, 5 U.S.C. 504.
        4. This agreement shall not become part of the public record of the 
    proceeding unless and until it is accepted by the Commission. If this 
    agreement is accepted by the Commission, it, together with the draft 
    complaint, will be placed on the public record for a period of sixty 
    (60) days and information in respect thereto publicly released. The 
    Commission thereafter may either withdraw its acceptance of this 
    agreement and so notify the proposed respondents, in which event it 
    will take such action as it may consider appropriate, or issue and 
    serve its complaint (in such form as the circumstances may require) and 
    decision, in disposition of the proceeding.
        5. This agreement is for settlement purposes only and does not 
    constitute an admission by proposed respondents of facts, other than 
    jurisdictional facts, or of violations of law as alleged in the draft 
    of complaint.
        6. This agreement contemplates that, if it is accepted by the 
    Commission, and if such acceptance is not subsequently withdrawn by the 
    Commission pursuant to the provisions of Sec. 2.34 of the Commission's 
    Rules, the Commission may, without further notice to proposed 
    respondents: (a) issue its complaint corresponding in form and 
    substance with the draft complaint and its decision containing the 
    following Order to cease and desist in disposition of the proceeding; 
    and (b) make information public in respect thereto. When so entered, 
    the Order to cease and desist shall have the same force and effect and 
    may be altered, modified or set aside in the same manner and within the 
    same time provided by statute for other orders. The Order shall become 
    final upon service. Delivery by the U.S. Postal Service of the 
    complaint and decision containing the agreed-to Order to proposed 
    respondents' addresses as stated in this agreement shall constitute 
    service. Proposed respondents waive any right they may have to any 
    other manner of service. The complaint may be used in construing the 
    terms of the Order, and no agreement, understanding, representation, or 
    interpretation not contained in the [[Page 5923]] Order or the 
    agreement may be used to vary or contradict the terms of the Order.
        7. Proposed respondents have read the draft complaint and the 
    Order. Proposed respondents understand that once the Order has been 
    issued, they will be required to file one or more compliance reports 
    showing that they have fully complied with the Order. Proposed 
    respondents further understand that they may be liable for civil 
    penalties in the amount provided by law for each violation of the Order 
    after it becomes final.
    
    Order
    
    Definitions
    
        For the purposes of this Order, the following definitions shall 
    apply:
        A. ``Competent and reliable scientific evidence'' shall mean tests, 
    analyses, research, studies, or other evidence, based on the expertise 
    of professionals in the relevant area that has been conducted and 
    evaluated in an objective manner by persons qualified to do so, using 
    procedures generally accepted in the relevant profession or science to 
    yield accurate and reliable results;
        B. ``Weight loss program'' shall mean any program designed to aid 
    consumers in weight loss or weight maintenance;
        C. A ``broadcast medium'' shall mean any radio or television 
    broadcast, cablecast, home video or theatrical release;
        D. For any Order-required disclosure in a print medium to be made 
    ``clearly and prominently'' or in a ``clear and prominent'' manner, it 
    must be given both in the same type style and in: (1) Twelve point type 
    where the representation that triggers the disclosure is given in 
    twelve point or larger type; or (2) the same type size as the 
    representation that triggers the disclosure where that representation 
    is given in a type size that is small than twelve point type. For any 
    Order-required disclosure given orally in a broadcast medium to be made 
    ``clearly and prominently'' or in a ``clear and prominent manner'', the 
    disclosure must be given at the same volume and in the same cadence as 
    the representation that triggers the disclosure.
        E. A ``short broadcast advertisement'' shall mean any advertisement 
    of thirty seconds or less duration made in a broadcast medium.
    
    I
    
        It is Ordered that respondents, Formu-3 International, Inc., a 
    corporation, Formu-3 of Northern Ohio, Inc., a corporation, and Formu-3 
    of Southern Ohio, Inc., a corporation, their successors and assigns, 
    and their officers, and respondents' agents, representatives and 
    employees, directly or through any corporation, subsidiary, division or 
    other device, including franchisees or licensees, in connection with 
    the advertising, promotion, offering for sale, or sale of any weight 
    loss program in or affecting commerce, as ``commerce'' is defined in 
    the Federal Trade Commission Act, do forthwith cease and desist from:
        A. Making any representation, directly or by implication, about the 
    success of participants on any weight loss program in achieving or 
    maintaining weight loss or weight control unless, at the time of making 
    any such representation, respondents possess and rely upon competent 
    and reliable scientific evidence substantiating the representation, 
    provided, further, that for any representation that:
        1. Any weight loss achieved or maintained through the weight loss 
    program is typical or representative of all or any subset of 
    participants using the program, said evidence shall, at a minimum, be 
    based on a representative sample of:
        a. All participants who have entered the program, where the 
    representation relates to such persons; provided, however, that the 
    required sample may exclude those participants who dropped out of the 
    program within two weeks of their entrance, or who were unable to 
    complete the program due to illness, pregnancy, or change of residence; 
    or
        b. All participants who have completed a particular phase of the 
    program or the entire program, where the representation only relates to 
    such persons;
        2. Any weight loss is maintained long-term, said evidence shall, at 
    a minimum, be based upon the experience of participants who were 
    followed for a period of at least two years from their completion of 
    the active maintenance phase of respondents' program or earlier 
    termination, as applicable; and
        3. Any weight loss is maintained permanently said evidence shall, 
    at a minimum, be based upon the experience of participants who were 
    followed for a period of time after completing the program that is 
    either:
        a. Generally recognized by experts in the field of treating obesity 
    as being of sufficient length for predicting that weight loss will be 
    permanent, or
        b. Demonstrated by competent and reliable survey evidence as being 
    of sufficient duration to permit such a prediction.
        B. Representing, directly or by implication, except through 
    endorsements or testimonials referred to in paragraph I.E. herein, that 
    participants of any weight loss program have successfully maintained 
    weight loss, unless respondents disclose, clearly and prominently, and 
    in close proximity to such representation, the statement: ``For many 
    dieters, weight loss is temporary.''; provided, further that 
    respondents shall not represent, directly or by implication, that the 
    above-quoted statement does not apply to dieters in respondents' weight 
    loss program; provided, however, that a mere statement about the 
    existence, design, or content of a maintenance program shall not, 
    without more, be considered a representation that participants of any 
    weight loss program have successfully maintained weight loss.
        C. Representing, directly or by implication, except through short 
    broadcast advertisements referred to in paragraph I.D. herein, and 
    except through endorsements or testimonials referred to in paragraph 
    I.E. herein, that participants of any weight loss program have 
    successfully maintained weight loss, unless respondents disclose, 
    clearly and prominently, and in close proximity to such representation, 
    the following information:
        1. The Average percentage of weight loss maintained by those 
    participants;
        2. The duration over which the weight loss was maintained, measured 
    from the date that participants ended the active weight loss phase of 
    the program, provided, further, that if any portion of the time period 
    covered includes participation in a maintenance program(s) that follows 
    active weight loss, such fact must also be disclosed; and
        3. If the participant population referred to is not representative 
    of the general participant population for respondents' programs:
        a. The proportion of the total participant population in 
    respondents' programs that those participants represent, expressed in 
    terms of a percentage or actual numbers of participants, or
        b. The statement: ``Form-You-3 Weight Loss Centers makes no claim 
    that this [these] result[s] is [are] representative of all participants 
    in the Form-You-3 Weight Loss Centers program.'';
    
    provided, further, that compliance with the obligations of this 
    paragraph I.C. in no way relieves respondents of the requirement under 
    paragraph I.A. of this Order to substantiate any representation 
    [[Page 5924]] about the success of participants on any weight loss 
    program in maintaining weight loss.
        D. Representing, directly or by implication, in short broadcast 
    advertisements, that participants of any weight loss program have 
    successfully maintained weight loss, unless respondents:
        1. Include, clearly and prominently, and in immediate conjunction 
    with such representation, the statement: ``Check at our centers for 
    details about our maintenance record.'';
        2. For a period of time beginning with the date of the first 
    broadcast of any such advertisement and ending no sooner than thirty 
    days after the last broadcast of such advertisement, comply with the 
    following procedures upon the first presentation of any form asking for 
    information from a potential client, but in any event before such 
    person has entered into any agreement with respondents:
        a. Give to each potential client a separate document entitled 
    ``Maintenance Information,'' which shall include all the information 
    required by paragraph I.B. and subparagraphs I.C.1-3 of this Order and 
    shall be formatted in the exact type size and style as the example form 
    below, and shall include the heading (Helvetica 14 pt. bold), lead-in 
    (Times Roman 12 pt.), disclosures (Helvetica 14 pt. bold), 
    acknowledgment language (Times Roman 12 pt.) and signature block 
    therein; provided, further, that no information in addition to that 
    required to be included in the document required by this subparagraph 
    I.D.2 shall be included therein:
    
    Maintenance Information
    
        You may have seen our recent ad about maintenance success. Here's 
    some additional information about our maintenance record.
    
    [Disclosure of maintenance statistics goes here ____________.]
    
        For many dieters, weight loss is temporary.
        I have read this notice.
    
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    (Client Signature)
    
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    (Date)
    
        b. Require each potential client to sign such document; and
        c. Give each client a copy of such document; and
        3. Retain in each client file a copy of the signed maintenance 
    notice required by this paragraph;
    
    provided, further, that:
        (i) Compliance with the obligations of this paragraph I.D. in no 
    way relieves respondents of the requirement under paragraph I.A. of 
    this Order to substantiate any representation about the success of 
    participants on any weight loss program in maintaining weight loss; and
        (ii) Respondents must comply with both paragraph I.D. and paragraph 
    I.C. of this Order if respondents include in any such short broadcast 
    advertisement a representation about maintenance success that states a 
    number or percentage, or uses descriptive terms that convey a 
    quantitative measure such as ``most of our customers maintain their 
    weight loss long-term''; and
    
    provided, however, that the provisions of paragraph I.D. shall not 
    apply to endorsements or testimonials referred to in paragraph I.E. 
    herein.
        E. Using any advertisement containing an endorsement or testimonial 
    about weight loss success or weight loss maintenance success by a 
    participant or participants of respondents' weight loss programs if the 
    weight loss success or weight loss maintenance success depicted in the 
    advertisement is not representative of what participants in 
    respondents' weight loss programs generally achieve, unless respondents 
    disclose, clearly and prominently, and in close proximity to the 
    endorser's statement of his or her weight loss success or weight loss 
    maintenance success:
        1. What the generally expected success would be for Form-You-3 
    Weight Loss Centers customers in losing weight or maintaining achieved 
    weight loss; provided, however, that in determining the generally 
    expected success for Form-You-3 Weight Loss Centers customers, 
    respondents may exclude those customers who dropped out of the program 
    within two weeks of their entrance or who were unable to complete the 
    program due to illness, pregnancy, or change of residence; or
        2. One of the following statements:
        a. ``You should not expect to experience these results.''
        b. ``This result is not typical. You may not do as well.''
        c. ``This result is not typical. You may be less successful.''
        d. ``________________'s success is not typical. You may not do as 
    well.''
        e. ``________________'s experience is not typical. You may achieve 
    less.''
        f. ``Results not typical.''
        g. ``Results not typical of program participants.'';
    provided, further, that if the endorsements or testimonials covered by 
    this paragraph are made in a broadcast medium, any disclosure required 
    by this paragraph must be communicated in a clear and prominent manner 
    and in immediate conjunction with the representation that triggers the 
    disclosure; and
    
    provided, however, that:
        (i) For endorsements or testimonials about weight loss success, 
    respondents can satisfy the requirements of subparagraph I.E.1. by 
    accurately disclosing the generally expected success in the following 
    phrase: ``Form-You-3 Weight Loss Centers clients lose an average of 
    ______ pounds over an average ______ - week treatment period''; and
        (ii) If the weight loss success or weight loss maintenance success 
    depicted in the advertisement is representative of what participants of 
    a group or subset clearly defined in the advertisement generally 
    achieve, then, in lieu of the disclosures required in either 
    subparagraph I.E.1. or 2. herein, respondents may substitute a clear 
    and prominent disclosure of the percentage of all of respondents' 
    customers that the group or subset defined in the advertisement 
    represents.
        F. Representing, directly or by implication, the average or typical 
    rate or speed at which participants or prospective participants in any 
    weight loss program have lost or will lose weight, unless at the time 
    of making such representation, respondents possess and rely upon 
    competent and reliable scientific evidence substantiating the 
    representation.
        G. Representing, directly or by implication, that participants or 
    prospective participants in respondents' weight loss programs have 
    reached or will reach a specified weight within a specified time 
    period, unless at the time of making such representation, respondents 
    possess and rely upon competent and reliable scientific evidence 
    substantiating the representation.
        G. Representing, directly or by implication, that participants or 
    prospective participants in respondents' weight loss programs have 
    reached or will reach a specified weight within a specified time 
    period, unless at the time of making such representation, respondents 
    possess and rely upon competent and reliable scientific evidence 
    substantiating the representation.
        H. Failing to disclose, clearly and prominently, either (1) to each 
    participant who, after the first two weeks on the program, is 
    experiencing average weekly weight loss that exceeds two percent (2%) 
    of said participant's initial body weight, or three pounds, whichever 
    is less, for at least two [[Page 5925]] consecutive weeks, or (2) in 
    writing to all participants, when they enter the program, that failure 
    to follow the diet instructions and consume the total caloric intake 
    recommended may involve the risk of developing serious health 
    complications.
        I. Representing, directly or by implication, the daily, weekly, or 
    monthly price at which any weight loss program can be purchased, unless 
    respondents disclose, clearly and prominently, and in close proximity 
    to such representation, either: (1) The number of days, weeks, or 
    months participants will be obligated to pay the weekly price 
    represented; or (2) the total cost of the weight loss program;
    
    provided, further, that in broadcast media, if the representation that 
    triggers any disclosure required by this paragraph is oral, the 
    required disclosure must also be made orally.
        J. Misrepresenting, directly or by implication, the competence, 
    skill, training, credentials or expertise of any of respondents' 
    employees or any of the employees of respondents' franchisees.
        K. Misrepresenting, directly or by implication, through numerical 
    or descriptive terms or any other means, the existence or amount of 
    calories, fat, or any other nutrient or ingredient in any food product, 
    or otherwise misrepresenting the performance, efficacy, safety, 
    nutritional composition, or benefits of any food or drug, as those 
    terms are defined in Section 15 of the Federal Trade Commission Act.
        L. Misrepresenting, directly or by implication, the performance, 
    efficacy, price, or safety of any weight loss program.
    
    II
    
        Nothing in this Order shall prohibit respondents from making any 
    representation that is specifically permitted in labeling for any such 
    product by regulations promulgated by the Food and Drug Administration 
    pursuant to the Nutrition Labeling and Education Act of 1990, or by 
    nutrition labeling regulations promulgated by the Department of 
    Agriculture pursuant to the Federal Meat Inspection act or the Poultry 
    Products Inspection Act.
    
    III
    
        Nothing in this Order shall prohibit respondents from making any 
    representation for any drug that is permitted in labeling for any such 
    drug under any tentative final or final standard promulgated by the 
    Food and Drug Administration, or under any new drug application 
    approved by the Food and Drug Administration.
    
    IV
    
        It is further ordered that respondents shall notify the Commission 
    at least thirty (30) days prior to the effective date of any proposed 
    change in the respondents such as dissolution, assignment, or sale 
    resulting in the emergence of a successor corporation(s), the creation 
    or dissolution of subsidiaries, or any other change in the corporation 
    that may affect compliance obligations arising out of this Order.
    
    V
    
        It is further ordered that for three (3) years after the last date 
    of dissemination of any representation covered by this Order, 
    respondents, or their successors and assigns, shall maintain and upon 
    request make available to the Federal Trade Commission for inspection 
    and copying:
        A. All materials that were relied upon in disseminating such 
    representation; and
        B. All tests, reports, studies, surveys, demonstrations or other 
    evidence in their possession or control that contradict, qualify, or 
    call into question such representation, or the basis relied upon for 
    such representation, including complaints from consumers.
    
    VI
    
        It is further ordered that respondents shall distribute a copy of 
    this Order to each of their officers, agents, representatives, 
    independent contractors and employees, who are involved in the 
    preparation and placement of advertisements or promotional materials or 
    in communication with customers or prospective customers or who have 
    any responsibilities with respect to the subject matter of this Order; 
    and, for a period of five (5) years from the date of entry of this 
    Order, distribute same to all future such officers, agents, 
    representatives, independent contractors and employees.
    
    VII
    
        It is further ordered that:
        A. Respondent Formu-3 International, Inc., shall distribute a copy 
    of this Order to each of its franchises and licensees and shall 
    contractually bind them to comply with the prohibitions and affirmative 
    requirements of this Order; respondent may satisfy this contractual 
    requirement by incorporating such Order requirements into its current 
    Operations Manual; and
        B. Respondent Formu-3 International, Inc., shall further make 
    reasonable efforts to monitor its franchisees' and licensees' 
    compliance with the Order provisions; respondent may satisfy this 
    requirement by: (1) Taking reasonable steps to notify promptly any 
    franchisee or licensee that respondent determines is failing materially 
    or repeatedly to comply with any order provision; (2) providing the 
    Federal Trade Commission with the name and address of the franchisee or 
    licensee and the nature of the noncompliance if the franchisee or 
    licensee fails to comply promptly with the relevant Order provision 
    after being so notified; and (3) in cases where that franchisee's or 
    licensee's conduct constitutes a material or repeated violation of the 
    order, diligently pursuing reasonable and appropriate remedies 
    available under its franchise or license agreement and applicable state 
    law to bring about a cessation of that conduct by the franchisee or 
    licensee.
        Provided, however, that respondent Formu-3 International, Inc.'s 
    compliance with this Part shall constitute an affirmative defense to 
    any civil penalty action arising from an act or practice of one of 
    respondent's franchisees or licensees that violates this Order where 
    respondent: a) has not authorized, approved or ratified that conduct; 
    b) has reported that conduct promptly to the Federal Trade Commission 
    under this Part; and c) in cases where that franchisee's or licensee's 
    conduct constitutes a material or repeated violation of the Order, has 
    diligently pursued reasonable and appropriate remedies available under 
    the franchise or license agreement and applicable state law to bring 
    about cessation of that conduct by the franchisee or licensee.
    
    VIII
    
        It Is Further Ordered that respondents shall, within sixty (60) 
    days after the date of service of this Order, file with the Commission 
    a report, in writing, setting forth in detail the manner and form in 
    which it has complied with this Order.
    
    Analysis of Proposed Consent Order To Aid Public Comment
    
        The Federal Trade Commission has accepted an agreement to a 
    proposed consent order from Formu-3 International, Inc., Formu-3 of 
    Northern Ohio, Inc., and Formu-3 of Southern Ohio, Inc., (hereinafter 
    referred to collectively as ``Formu-3''), marketers of the Formu-You-3 
    (or ``Formu-3'') Weight Loss Centers' low-calorie diet program. The 
    Formu-3 diet program is offered to the public throughout much of the 
    United States through centers franchised by Formu-3 International, 
    Inc., and through centers owned by [[Page 5926]] Formu-3 of Northern 
    Ohio, Inc., and Formu-3 of Southern Ohio, Inc.
        The proposed consent order has been placed on the public record for 
    sixty (60) days for the reception of comments by interested persons. 
    Comments received during this period will become part of the public 
    record. After sixty (60) days, the Commission will again review the 
    agreement and will decide whether it should withdraw from the agreement 
    or make final the agreement's proposed order.
        The Commission's complaint charges that the proposed respondents 
    deceptively advertised: (1) Their diet program's success in helping 
    customers achieve and maintain weight loss; (2) the rate at which 
    customers will lose weight; (3) the time frame within which consumers 
    will achieve their desired weight loss goals; (4) the purchase price of 
    the Formu-3 program; (5) the benefits to dieters of the food products 
    Formu-3 sells; and (6) the qualifications and expertise of counselors 
    employed at Formu-3 weight loss centers. The complaint also alleges 
    that Formu-3 engaged in the deceptive practice of failing to warn 
    clients it monitors of the health importance of following the diet 
    protocol.
    
    Success
    
        The complaint against Formu-3 alleges that the company failed to 
    possess a reasonable basis for claims it made regarding the success of 
    its customers in losing weight and avoiding the regain of weight lost 
    during the program. Through consumer testimonials and other 
    advertisements, Formu-3 represented that its customers typically are 
    successful in reaching their weight loss goals and in maintaining their 
    weight loss achieved under the Formu-3 diet program long-term or 
    permanently.
        The Commission believes that these success claims for customer 
    weight loss and maintenance of achieved weight loss are deceptive 
    because Formu-3, at the time it made the claims, did not possess 
    adequate substantiation for those claims.
        The proposed consent order seeks to address the alleged success 
    misrepresentations cited in the accompanying complaint in several ways. 
    First, the order (Part I.A.) requires the company to possess a 
    reasonable basis consisting of competent and reliable scientific 
    evidence substantiating any claim about the success of participants on 
    any diet program in achieving or maintaining weight loss. To ensure 
    compliance, the order further specifies what this level of evidence 
    shall consist of when certain types of success claims are made:
        (1) In the case of claims that weight loss is typical or 
    representative of all participants using the program or any subset of 
    those participants, that evidence shall be based on a representative 
    sample of: (a) all participants who have entered the program, where the 
    representation relates to such persons; or (b) all participants who 
    have completed a particular phase of the program or the entire program, 
    where the representation only relates to such persons.
        (2) In the case of claims that any weight loss is maintained long-
    term, that evidence shall be based upon the experience of participants 
    who were followed for a period of at least two years after their 
    completion of the respondents' program, including any periods of 
    participation in respondents' maintenance program.
        (3) In the case of claims that weight loss is maintained 
    permanently, that evidence shall be based upon the experience of 
    participants who were followed for a period of time after completing 
    the program that is either: (a) generally recognized by experts in the 
    field of treating obesity as being of sufficient length to constitute a 
    reasonable basis for predicting that weight loss will be permanent; or 
    (b) demonstrated by competent and reliable survey evidence as being of 
    sufficient duration to permit such a prediction.
        Second, as measures to ensure future compliance, the proposed order 
    requires the proposed respondents for any claim that participants of 
    any diet program have successfully maintained weight loss to disclose 
    the fact that ``For many dieters, weight loss is temporary'' (Part 
    I.B.), as well as the following information relating to that claim 
    (Part I.C.):
        (1) The average percentage of weight loss maintained by those 
    participants (e.g., ``60% of achieved weight loss was maintained''),
        (2) The duration over which the weight loss was maintained, 
    measured from the date that participants ended the active weight loss 
    phase of the program, and the fact that all or a portion of the time 
    period covered includes participation in proposed respondent's 
    maintenance program(s) that follows active weight loss, if that is the 
    case--e.g., ``participants maintain an average of 60% of weight loss 22 
    months after active weight loss (includes 18 months on maintenance 
    program)'', and
        (3) Where the participant population referred to is not 
    representative of the general participant population for the program, 
    the proportion of the total participant population that those 
    participants represent, expressed in terms of a percentage of actual 
    numbers of participants--e.g. ``Participants on maintenance--30% of our 
    customers--kept off an average of 66% of the weight for one year 
    (includes time on maintenance program)'' or, in lieu of that factual 
    disclosure, the statement: ``Form-You-3 Weight Loss Centers makes no 
    claim that this result is representative of all participants in the 
    Form-You-3 Weight Loss Centers program.''
        Third, for maintenance success claims made in broadcast 
    advertisements of thirty seconds or less duration, the proposed order 
    (Part I.D.) requires that Formu-3, in lieu of making the factual 
    disclosures required for such claims by Part I.C:
        (1) Include in such advertisements the statement ``Check at our 
    centers for details about our maintenance record.''; and
        (2) Provide consumers at point-of-sale with a required form that 
    includes the factual disclosures required by Part I.C, which form must 
    be signed by the client and retained in the company's client file. If 
    any potential participant who does not then participate in the program 
    refused to sign or accept a copy of such document, respondent shall so 
    indicate on such document.
        The proposed order makes clear that this alternative disclosure 
    requirement does not relieve Formu-3 of the obligation to substantiate 
    any maintenance success claim, in accordance with Part I.A of the 
    order, and it ``takes back'' the exception from full quantitative 
    disclosures in short broadcasting advertising if Formu-3 makes a 
    maintenance success claim that uses numbers or descriptive terms that 
    convey a quantitative measure, such as ``most of our customers maintain 
    their weight loss long term.'' Formu-3 in that case would have to make 
    all the required disclosures in the ad and provide the disclosures at 
    point-of-sale.
        Fourth, for weight-loss and weight-loss maintenance success claims 
    made through endorsements or testimonials that are not representative 
    of what Formu-3 diet program participants generally achieve, the order 
    (Part I.E.) requires that Formu-3 disclose either what the generally 
    expected success would be for Formu-3 customers, or one of several 
    alternative statements, such as ``This result is not typical. You may 
    be less successful,'' which explains the limited applicability of 
    atypical testimonials in accordance with the Commission's ``Guides 
    Concerning Use [[Page 5927]] of Endorsements and Testimonials in 
    Advertising'' 16 C.F.R. 255.2 (a). Under the proposed order, Formu-3 
    may satisfy the requirements of the first disclosure concerning 
    generally expected success by accurately disclosing those facts in the 
    following format: ``Form-You-3 Weight Loss Centers clients lose an 
    average of ______ pounds over an average ______ - week treatment 
    period.''
        Finally, the proposed order (Part I.L.) generally prohibits Formu-3 
    from misrepresenting the performance or efficacy of any weight loss 
    program.
    
    Rate of Weight Loss
    
        The Commission's complaint further alleges that Formu-3 failed to 
    possess a reasonable basis for claims it made concerning the rate of 
    weight loss for participants in its program and that the rate of weight 
    loss claims it made were false.
        The proposed consent order addresses these practices (Part I.F.) by 
    prohibiting Formu-3 from representing that participants in its program 
    will lose weight at an average or typical rate or speed unless Formu-3 
    possesses and relies upon competent and reliable scientific evidence 
    substantiating the representation.
    
    Projection of Weight Loss
    
        The Commission's complaint also alleges that Formu-3 failed to 
    possess a reasonable basis for its claim, made during initial sales 
    presentations, that consumers will typically reach their desired 
    weight-loss goals within the time frame computed by Formu-3 personnel.
        To address this practice, the proposed order (Part I.G.) prohibits 
    Formu-3 from representing that prospective participants will reach a 
    specified weight within a specified period of time, unless proposed 
    respondents possess and rely upon competent and reliable scientific 
    evidence substantiating the representation.
    
    Price
    
        The Commission's complaint against Forum-3 also alleges that Formu-
    3 failed to disclose adequately to consumers the total price of the 
    diet program.
        The proposed consent order seeks to address the practice in two 
    ways. First, Part I.I. of the proposed order prohibits Formu-3 from 
    advertising a daily, weekly or monthly price for its program unless it 
    also discloses: (1) the number of days, weeks or months participants 
    will be required to pay the advertised price; or (2) the total cost of 
    the weight loss program. Second, Part I.L. of the order prohibits 
    Formu-3 from misrepresenting the price of the program in any way.
    
    Monitoring Practices
    
        According to the complaint, Formu-3 provides its customers with 
    diet protocols that require customers to come in to one of proposed 
    respondents' centers three times per week for monitoring of their 
    progress, including weighing-in. In the course of regularly 
    ascertaining weight loss progress, respondents, in some instances, are 
    presented with weight loss results indicating that customers are losing 
    weight significantly in excess of their projected goals, which is an 
    indication that they may not be consuming all of the food prescribed by 
    their diet protocol. According to the complaint, such conduct could, if 
    not corrected promptly, result in health complications. In light of 
    this monitoring practice, the Commission's complaint alleges that 
    Formu-3 has failed to disclose to consumers who are losing weight 
    significantly in excess of their projected goals that failing to follow 
    the diet protocol and consume all of the food prescribed could result 
    in health complications.
        The proposed consent order seeks to address the alleged monitoring 
    misrepresentation cited in the accompanying complaint in two ways. 
    First, the order (Part I.H.) requires Formu-3 to disclose in writing to 
    all participants when they enter the program, that failure to follow 
    the program protocol and eat all of the food recommended may involve 
    the risk of developing serious health complications. Second, the 
    proposed order (Part I.L.) generally prohibits any misrepresentation 
    concerning the safety of any weight loss program.
    
    Certified Counselors
    
        The Commission's complaint also charges that Formu-3 falsely 
    claimed counselors employed in its diet centers are certified by an 
    objective evaluation process in the treatment of obesity.
        The order seeks to address this practice by prohibiting Formu-3 
    from misrepresenting the competence, training or expertise of any of 
    its employees or employees of its franchisees. (Part I.J.)
    
    Benefits of Food Products
    
        The complaint alleges that Formu-3 misrepresented the benefits to 
    dieters of the food products it sells. To remedy this practice, the 
    order (Part I.K.) prohibits respondents from misrepresenting the 
    existence or amount of calories, fat or any other nutrient or 
    ingredient in any food product, or the benefits of any such product.
        Parts II. and III. of the order allow respondents to make claims 
    about food products and drugs that are specifically permitted in 
    labeling by regulations of the Food and Drug Administration or the 
    Department of Agriculture pursuant to statutes administered by those 
    agencies.
        The purpose of this analysis is to facilitate public comment on the 
    proposed order, and it is not intended to constitute an official 
    interpretation of the agreement and proposed order, or to modify in any 
    way their terms.
    Donald S. Clark,
    Secretary.
    [FR Doc. 95-2306 Filed 1-30-95; 8:45 am]
    BILLING CODE 6750-01-M
    
    

Document Information

Published:
01/31/1995
Department:
Federal Trade Commission
Entry Type:
Notice
Action:
Proposed consent agreement.
Document Number:
95-2306
Dates:
Comments must be received on or before April 3, 1995.
Pages:
5922-5927 (6 pages)
Docket Numbers:
File No. 922 3212
PDF File:
95-2306.pdf