[Federal Register Volume 60, Number 197 (Thursday, October 12, 1995)]
[Notices]
[Pages 53228-53239]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 95-25293]
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DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
Federal Aviation Administration
Index of Administrator's Decisions and Orders in Civil Penalty
Actions; Publication
AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT.
ACTION: Notice of publication.
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[[Page 53229]]
SUMMARY: This notice constitutes the required quarterly publication of
an index of the Administrator's decisions and orders in civil penalty
cases. The FAA is publishing an index by order number, an index by
subject matter, and case digests that contain identifying information
about the final decisions and orders issued by the Administrator.
Publication of these indexes and digests is intended to increase the
public's awareness of the Administrator's decisions and orders. Also,
the publication of these indexes and digests should assist litigants
and practitioners in their research and review of decisions and orders
that may have precedential value in a particular civil penalty action.
Publication of the index by order number, as supplemented by the index
by subject matter, ensures that the agency is in compliance with
statutory indexing requirements.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
James S. Dillman, Assistant Chief Counsel of Litigation (AGC-400),
Federal Aviation Administration, 701 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Suite 925,
Washington, DC 20004: telephone (202) 376-6441.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The Administrative Procedure Act requires
Federal agencies to maintain and make available for public inspection
and copying current indexes containing identifying information
regarding materials required to be made available or published. 5
U.S.C. 552(a)(2). In a notice issued on July 11, 1990, and published in
the Federal Register (55 FR 29148; July 17, 1990), the FAA announced
the public availability of several indexes and summaries that provide
identifying information about the decisions and orders issued by the
Administrator under the FAA's civil penalty assessment authority and
the rules of practice governing hearings and appeals of civil penalty
actions. 14 CFR Part 13, Subpart G.
The FAA maintains an index of the Administrator's decisions and
orders in civil penalty actions organized by order number and
containing identifying information about each decision or order. The
FAA also maintains a subject-matter index, and digests organized by
order number.
In a notice issued on October 26, 1990, the FAA published these
indexes and digests for all decisions and orders issued by the
Administrator through September 30, 1990. 55 FR 45984; October 31,
1990. The FAA announced in that notice that it would publish
supplements to these indexes and digests on a quarterly basis (i.e.) in
January, April, July, and October of each year). The FAA announced
further in that notice that only the subject-matter index would be
published cumulatively, and that both the order number index and the
digests would be non-cumulative.
Since that first index was issued on October 26, 1990 (55 FR 45984;
October 31, 1990), the FAA has issued supplementary notices containing
the quarterly indexes of the Administrator's civil penalty decisions as
follows:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dates of quarter Federal Register publication
------------------------------------------------------------------------
10/1/90-12/3/90.................... 56 FR 44886; 2/6/91.
1/1/91-3/31/91..................... 56 FR 20250; 5/2/91.
4/1/91-6/30/91..................... 56 FR 31984; 7/12/91.
7/1/91-9/30/91..................... 56 FR 51735; 10/15/91.
10/1/91-12/31/91................... 57 FR 2299; 1/21/92.
1/1/92-3/31/92..................... 57 FR 12359; 4/9/92.
4/1/92-6/30/92..................... 57 FR 32825; 7/23/92.
7/1/92-9/30/92..................... 57 FR 48255; 10/22/92.
10/1/92-12/31/92................... 58 FR 5044; 1/19/93.
1/1/93-3/31/93..................... 58 FR 21199; 4/19/93.
4/1/93-6/30/93..................... 58 FR 42120; 8/6/93.
7/1/93-9/30/93..................... 58 FR 58218; 10/29/93.
10/1/93-12/31/93................... 59 FR 5466; 2/4/94.
1/1/94-3/31/94..................... 59 FR 22196; 4/29/94.
4/1/94-6/30/94..................... 59 FR 39618; 8/3/94.
7/1/94-12/31/94*................... 60 FR 4454; 1/23/95.
1/1/95-3/31/95..................... 60 FR 19318; 4/17/95.
4/1/95-6/30/95..................... 60 FR 36854; 7/18/95.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
*Due to administrative oversight, the index for the third quarter of
1994, including information pertaining to the decisions and orders
issued by the Administrator between July 1 and September 30, 1994, was
not published on time. The information regarding the third quarter's
decisions and orders, as well as the fourth quarter's decisions and
orders in 1994, were included in the index published on January 23,
1995.
In the notice published on January 19, 1993, the Administrator
announced that for the convenience of the users of these indexes, the
order number index published at the end of the year would reflect all
of the civil penalty decisions for that year. 58 FR 5044; 1/19/93. The
order number indexes for the first, second, and third quarters would be
non-cumulative.
The Administrator's final decision and orders, indexes, and digests
are available for public inspection and copying at all FAA legal
offices. (The addresses of the FAA legal offices are listed at the end
of this notice.)
Also, the Administrator's decisions and orders have been published
by commercial publishers and are available on computer databases.
(Information about these commercial publications and computer databases
is provided at the end of this notice.)
Civil Penalty Actions--Orders Issued by the Administrator Order Number
Index
(This index includes all decisions and orders issued by the
Administrator from July 1, 1995, to September 30, 1995.)
95-15--Alphin Aviation
7/19/95--CP93EA0324
95-16--John Mulhall
8/4/95--CP94NM0026
95-17--Larry's Flying Service
8/4/95--CP93AL0267, CP93AL0268
95-18--Pacific Sky Supply
8/4/95--CP93NM0398; 93EAJANM0014
95-19--Ben Rayner
8/4/95--CP95EA0155
95-20--USAir, Inc.
8/15/95--CP94EA0126
95-21--Ezequiel G. Faisca
9/26/95--CP94EA0209
Civil Penalty Actions--Orders Issued by the Administrator
Subject Matter Index
(Current as of September 30, 1995)
Administrative Law Judges--Power and
Authority:
Continuance of hearing................... 91-11 Continental Airlines; 92-29 Haggland.
Credibility findings..................... 90-21 Carroll; 92-3 Park; 93-17 Metcalf; 94-3 Valley Air; 94-4
Northwest Aircraft Rental.
Default Judgment......................... 91-11 Continental Airlines; 92-47 Cornwall; 94-8 Nunez; 94-22
Harkins; 94-28 Toyota; 95-10 Diamond.
Discovery................................ 89-6 American Airlines; 91-7 KDS Aviation; 91-54 Alaska Airlines;
92-46 Sutton-Sautter; 93-10 Costello.
Expert Testimony......................... 94-21 Sweeney.
Granting extensions of time.............. 90-27 Gabbert.
Hearing location......................... 92-50 Cullop.
Hearing request.......................... 93-12 Langton; 94-6 Strohl; 94-27 Larsen; 94-37 Houston; 95-19
Rayner.
Initial Decision......................... 92-1 Costello; 92-32 Barnhill.
Jurisdiction............................. 90-20 Degenhardt; 90-33 Cato; 92-1 Costello; 92-32 Barnhill.
After order assessing civil penalty.. 94-37 Houston; 95-19 Rayner.
[[Page 53230]]
After complaint withdrawn............ 94-39 Kirola.
Motion for Decision...................... 92-73 Wyatt; 92-75 Beck; 92-76 Safety Equipment; 93-11 Merkley.
Notice of Hearing........................ 92-31 Eaddy.
Sanction................................. 90-37 Northwest Airlines; 91-54 Alaska Airlines; 94-22 Harkins;
94-28 Toyota.
Vacating initial decision................ 90-20 Degenhardt; 92-32 Barnhill; 95-6 Sutton.
Agency Attorney.............................. 93-13 Medel.
Air Carrier:
Agent/independent contractor of.......... 92-70 USAir.
Careless or Reckless..................... 92-48 & 92-70 USAir; 93-18 Westair Commuter.
Employee............................. 93-18 Westair Commuter.
Aircraft Maintenance......................... 90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation;
93-36 & 94-3 Valley Air; 94-38 Bohan; 95-11 Horizon.
After certificate revocation............. 92-73 Wyatt.
Minimum Equipment List (MEL)............. 94-38 Bohan; 95-11 Horizon.
Aircraft Records:
Aircraft Operation....................... 91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation.
Maintenance Records...................... 91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation; 94-2 Woodhouse.
``Yellow tags''.......................... 91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation.
Aircraft-Weight and Balance (See Weight and
Balance)
Airmen:
Pilots................................... 91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-8 Watkins; 92-49 Richardson &
Shimp; 93-17 Metcalf.
Altitude deviation....................... 92-49 Richardson & Shimp.
Careless or Reckless..................... 91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-8 Watkins; 92-49 Richardson &
Shimp; 92-47 Cornwall; 93-17 Metcalf; 93-29 Sweeney.
Flight time limitations.................. 93-11 Merkley.
Follow ATC Instruction................... 91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-8 Watkins; 92-49 Richardson &
Shimp.
Low Flight............................... 92-47 Cornwall; 93-17 Metcalf.
See and Avoid............................ 93-29 Sweeney.
Air Operations Area (AOA)
Air Carrier: Responsibilities............ 90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-33 Delta Air Lines; 94-1 Delta Air
Lines.
Airport Operator: Responsibilities....... 90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-4 [Airport Operator]; 91-18
[Airport Operator]; 91-40 [Airport Operator]; 91-41 [Airport
Operator]; 91-58 [Airport Operator].
Badge Display............................ 91-4 [Airport Operator]; 91-33 Delta Air Lines.
Definition of............................ 90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-4 [Airport Operator]; 91-58
[Airport Operator].
Exclusive Areas.......................... 90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-4 [Airport Operator]; 91-58
[Airport Operator].
Airport Security Program (ASP)
Compliance with.......................... 91-4 [Airport Operator]; 91-18 [Airport Operator]; 91-40 [Airport
Operator]; 91-41 [Airport Operator]; 94-1 Delta Air Lines.
Airports:
Airport Operator: Responsibilities....... 90-12 Continental Airlines; 91-4 [Airport Operator]; 91-18
[Airport Operator]; 91-40 [Airport Operator]; 91-41 [Airport
Operator]; 91-58 [Airport Operator].
Air Traffic Control (ATC):
Error as mitigating factor............... 91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne.
Error as exonerating factor.............. 91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-40 Wendt.
Ground Control........................... 91-12 Terry & Menne; 93-18 Westair Commuter.
Local Control............................ 91-12 Terry & Menne.
Tapes & Transcripts...................... 91-12 Terry & Menne; 92-49 Richardson & Shimp.
Airworthiness................................ 91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation; 92-10 Flight Unlimited; 92-48 &
92-70 USAir; 94-2 Woodhouse; 95-11 Horizon.
Amicus Curiae Briefs......................... 90-25 Gabbert.
Answer:
Timeliness of answer..................... 90-3 Metz; 90-15 Playter; 92-32 Barnhill; 92-47 Cornwall; 92-75
Beck; 92-76 Safety Equipment; 94-5 Grant; 94-29 Sutton; 94-30
Columna; 94-43 Perez; 95-10 Diamond.
What constitutes......................... 92-32 Barnhill; 92-75 Beck
Appeals (See also Timeliness; Mailing Rule)
Briefs, Generally........................ 89-4 Metz; 91-45 Park; 92-17 Giuffrida; 92-19 Cornwall; 92-39
Beck; 93-24 Steel City Aviation; 93-28 Strohl; 94-23 Perez; 95-
13 Kilrain.
Additional Appeal Brief.................. 92-3 Park; 93-5 Wendt; 93-6 Westair Commuter; 93-28 Strohl; 95-4
Northwest Aircraft; 94-18 Luxemburg; 94-29 Sutton.
Appellate arguments...................... 92-70 USAir.
Court of Appeals, appeal to (See Federal
Courts)
``Good Cause'' for Late-Filed Brief or Notice 90-3 Metz; 90-27 Gabbert; 90-39 Hart; 91-10 Graham; 91-24 Esau;
of Appeal. 91-48 Wendt; 91-50 & 92-1 Costello; 92-3 Park; 92-17 Giuffrida;
92-39 Beck; 92-41 Moore & Sabre Associates; 92-52 Beck; 92-57
Detroit Metro Wayne Co. Airport; 92-69 McCabe; 93-23 Allen; 93-
27 Simmons; 93-31 Allen; 95-2 Meronek; 95-9 Woodhouse.
Appeal dismissed as premature................ 95-19 Rayner.
Appeal dismissed as moot after complaint 92-9 Griffin.
withdrawn.
Motion to Vacate construed as a brief........ 91-11 Continental Airlines.
Perfecting an Appeal......................... 92-17 Giuffrida; 92-19 Cornwall; 92-39 Beck; 94-23 Perez; 95-13
Kilrain.
Extension of Time for (good cause for)... 89-8 Thunderbird Accessories; 91-26 Britt Airways; 91-32 Bargen;
91-50 Costello; 93-2 & 93-3 Wendt; 93-24 Steel City Aviation; 93-
32 Nunez.
[[Page 53231]]
Failure to............................... 89-1 Gressani; 89-7 Zenkner; 90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 90-35
P Adams; 90-39 Hart; 91-7 Pardue; 91-10 Graham; 91-20 Bargen; 91-
43, 91-44, 91-46 & 91-47 Delta Air Lines; 92-11 Alilin; 92-15
Dillman; 92-18 Bargen; 92-34 Carrell; 92-35 Bay Land Aviation;
92-36 Southwest Airlines; 92-45 O'Brien; 92-56 Montauk Caribbean
Airways; 92-67 USAir; 92-68 Weintraub; 92-78 TWA; 93-7 Dunn; 93-
8 Nunez; 93-20 Smith; 93-23 & 92-31 Allen; 93-34 Castle
Aviation; 93-35 Steel City Aviation; 94-12 Bartusiak; 94-24
Page; 94-26 French Aircraft; 94-34 American International
Airways; 94-35 American International Airways; 94-36 American
International Airways; 95-4 Hanson.
What Constitutes......................... 90-4 Metz; 90-27 Gabbert; 91-45 Park; 92-7 West; 92-17 Giuffrida;
92-39 Beck; 92-7 Dunn; 94-15 Columna; 94-23 Perez; 94-30
Columna; 95-9 Woodhouse.
Service of brief Failure to serve other 92-17 Giuffrida; 92-19 Cornwall.
party.
Timeliness of Notice of Appeal............... 90-3 Metz; 90-39 Hart; 91-50 Costello; 92-7 West; 92-69 McCabe;
93-27 Simmons; 95-2 Meronek; 95-9 Woodhouse; 95-15 Alphin
Aviation.
Withdrawal of................................ 89-2 Lincoln-Walker; 89-3 Sittko; 90-4 Nordrum; 90-5 Sussman; 90-
6 Dabaghian; 90-7 Steele; 90-8 Jenkins; 90-9 Van Zandt; 90-13
O'Dell; 90-14 Miller; 90-28 Puleo; 90-29 Sealander; 90-30
Steidinger; 90-34 D. Adams; 90-40 & 90-41 Westair Commuter
Airlines; 91-1 Nestor; 91-5 Jones; 91-6 Lowery; 91-13 Kreamer;
91-14 Swanton; 91-15 Knipe; 91-16 Lopez; 91-19 Bayer; 91-21
Britt Airways; 91-22 Omega Silicone Co.; 91-23 Continental
Airlines; 91-25 Sanders; 91-27 Delta Air Lines; 91-28
Continental Airlines; 91-29 Smith; 91-34 GASPRO; 91-35 M.
Graham; 91-36 Howard; 91-37 Vereen; 91-39 America West; 91-42
Pony Express; 91-49 Shields; 91-56 Mayhan; 91-57 Britt Airways;
91-59 Griffin; 91-60 Brinton; 92-2 Koller; 92-4 Delta Air Lines;
92-6 Rothgeb; 92-12 Bertetto; 92-20 Delta Air Lines; 92-21
Cronberg; 92-22, 92-23, 92-24, 92-25, 92-26 & 92-28 Delta Air
Lines; 92-33 Port Authority of NY & NJ; 92-42 Jayson; 92-43
Delta; 92-44 Owens; 92-53 Humble; 92-54 & 92-55 Northwest
Airlines; 92-60 Costello; 92-61 Romerdahl; 92-62 USAir; 92-63
Schaefer; 92-64 & 92-65 Delta Air Lines; 92-66 Sabre Associates
& Moore; 92-79 Delta Air Lines; 93-1 Powell & Co.; 93-4 Harrah;
93-14 Fenske; 93-15 Brown; 93-21 Delta Air Lines; 93-22
Yannotone; 93-26 Delta Air Lines; 93-33 HPH Aviation; 94-9 B & G
Instruments; 94-10 Boyle; 94-11 Pan American Airways; 94-13
Boyle; 94-14 B & G Instruments; 94-16 Ford; 94-33 Trans World
Airlines; 94-41 Dewey Towner; 94-42 Taylor; 95-1 Diamond
Aviation; 95-3 Delta Air Lines; 95-5 Araya; 95-6 Sutton; 95-7
Empire Airlines; 95-20 USAir; 95-21 Faisca.
``Attempt''.................................. 89-5 Schultz.
Attorney Conduct Obstreperous or Disruptive.. 94-39 Kirola.
Attorney Fees (See EAJA)
Aviation Safety Reporting System............. 90-39 Hart; 91-12 Terry & Menne; 92-49 Richardson & Shimp.
Balloon (Hot Air)............................ 94-2 Woodhouse.
Bankruptcy................................... 91-2 Continental Airlines.
Certificates and Authorizations Surrender 92-73 Wyatt.
when revoked.
Civil Air Security National Airport 91-4 [Airport Operator]; 91-18 [Airport Operator]; 91-40 [Airport
Inspection Program (CASNAIP). Operator]; 91-41 [Airport Operator]; 91-58 [Airport Operator].
Civil Penalty Amount (See Sanction)
Closing Argument (See Final Oral Argument)
Collateral Estoppel.......................... 91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation.
Complaint:
Complainant Bound By..................... 90-10 Webb; 91-53 Koller.
No Timely Answer to. (See Answer)
Partial Dismissal/Full Sanction.......... 94-19 Pony Express; 94-40 Polynesian Airways.
Timeliness of complaint.................. 91-51 Hagwood; 93-13 Medel; 94-7 Hereth; 94-5 Grant.
Withdrawal of............................ 94-39 Kirola; 95-6 Sutton.
Compliance & Enforcement Program
(FAA Order No. 2150.3A).................. 89-5 Schultz; 89-6 American Airlines; 91-38 Esau; 92-5 Delta Air
Lines.
Sanction Guidance Table.................. 89-5 Schultz; 90-23 Broyles; 90-33 Cato; 90-37 Northwest
Airlines; 91-3 Lewis; 92-5 Delta Air Lines.
Concealment of Weapons....................... 89-5 Schultz; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter; 92-51 Koblick.
Consolidation of Cases....................... 90-12, 90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines.
Continuance of Hearing....................... 90-25 Gabbert; 92-29 Haggland.
Corrective Action (See Sanction)
Credibility of Witnesses:
Deference to ALJ......................... 90-21 Carroll; 92-3 Park; 93-17 Metcalf.
Expert witnesses
(see also Witnesses)..................... 90-27 Gabbert; 93-17 Metcalf.
Impeachment.............................. 94-4 Northwest Aircraft Rental.
De facto answer.............................. 92-32 Barnhill.
Deliberative Process Privilege............... 89-6 American Airlines; 90-12, 90-18 & 90-19 Continental
Airlines.
Deterrence................................... 89-5 Schultz; 92-10 Flight Unlimited; 95-16 Mulhall; 95-17
Larry's Flying Service.
Discovery
Deliberative Process
Privilege............................ 89-6 American Airlines; 90-12, 90-18 & 90-19 Continental
Airlines.
Depositions.............................. 91-54 Alaska Airlines.
Notice of............................ 91-54 Alaska Airlines.
Failure to Produce....................... 90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-17 KDS Aviation; 93-10
Costello.
[[Page 53232]]
Of Investigative File in Unrelated Case.. 92-46 Sutton-Sautter.
Sanctions for............................ 91-17 KDS Aviation; 91-54 Alaska Airlines.
Double Jeopardy.............................. 95-8 Charter Airlines.
Due Process:
Before finding a violation............... 90-27 Gabbert.
Violation of............................. 89-6 American Airlines; 90-12 Continental Airlines; 90-37
Northwest Airlines.
EAJA:
Adversary Adjudication................... 90-17 Wilson; 91-17 & 91-52 KDS Aviation; 94-17 TCI; 95-12
Toyota.
Appeal from ALJ decision................. 95-9 Woodhouse.
Further proceedings...................... 91-52 KDS Aviation.
Jurisdiction over appeal................. 92-74 Wendt.
Other expenses........................... 93-29 Sweeney.
Prevailing party......................... 91-52 KDS Aviation.
Special Circumstances.................... 95-18 Pacific Sky.
Substantial justification................ 91-52 & 92-71 KDS Aviation; 93-9 Wendt; 95-18 Pacific Sky.
Ex Parte Communications...................... 93-10 Costello; 95-16 Mulhall; 95-19 Rayner.
Expert Witnesses (see Witness)
Extension of Time:
By Agreement of Parties.................. 89-6 American Airlines; 92-41 Moore & Sabre Associates.
Dismissal by Decisionmaker............... 89-7 Zenkner; 90-39 Hart.
Good Cause for........................... 89-8 Thunderbird Accessories.
Objection to............................. 89-8 Thunderbird Accessories; 93-3 Wendt.
Who may grant............................ 90-27 Gabbert.
Federal Courts............................... 92-7 West.
Federal Rules of Civil Procedure............. 91-17 KDS Aviation.
Federal Rules of Evidence Settlement Offers.. 95-16 Mulhall.
Final Oral Argument.......................... 92-3 Park.
Firearms (See Weapons)
Ferry Flights................................ 95-8 Charter Airlines.
Flight & Duty Time:
Circumstances beyond control of the crew. 95-8 Charter Airlines.
Foreseeability....................... 95-8 Charter Airlines.
Late freight......................... 95-8 Charter Airlines.
Weather.............................. 95-8 Charter Airlines.
Limitation of Duty Time.................. 95-8 Charter Airlines.
Limitation of Flight Time................ 95-8 Charter Airlines.
``Other commercial flying''.......... 95-8 Charter Airlines.
Flights...................................... 94-20 Conquest Helicopters.
Freedom of Information Act................... 93-10 Costello.
Guns (See Weapons)
Hazardous Materials Transp. Act.............. 90-37 Northwest Airlines; 92-76 Safety Equipment; 92-77 TCI; 94-
19 Pony Express; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling; 95-12 Toyota; 95-
16 Mulhall.
Ability to Pay........................... 95-16 Mulhall.
Installment payments................. 95-16 Mulhall.
Civil Penalty............................ 92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling; 95-16 Mulhall.
Financial hardship and inability to 95-16 Mulhall.
pay.
Minimum penalty...................... 95-16 Mulhall.
Corrective Action........................ 92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota.
Criminal Penalty......................... 92-77 TCI; 94-31 Smalling.
Culpability.............................. 92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling.
EAJA, Applicability of................... 94-17 TCI; 95-12 Toyota.
First-time violation..................... 92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling.
Gravity of violation..................... 92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling.
Individual violations.................... 95-16 Mulhall.
Knowingly................................ 92-77 TCI; 94-19 Pony Express; 94-31 Smalling.
Informal Conference.......................... 94-4 Northwest Aircraft Rental.
Initial Decision:
What constitutes......................... 92-32 Barnhill.
Interference with crewmembers................ 92-3 Park.
Interlocutory Appeal......................... 89-6 American Airlines; 91-54 Alaska Airlines; 93-37 Airspect; 94-
32 Detroit Metropolitan.
Internal FAA Policy &/or Procedures.......... 89-6 American Airlines; 90-12 Continental Airlines; 92-73 Wyatt.
Jurisdiction:
After initial decision................... 90-20 Degenhardt; 90-33 Cato; 92-32 Barnhill; 93-28 Strohl.
After Order Assessing Civil Penalty...... 94-37 Houston; 95-19 Rayner.
After withdrawal of complaint............ 94-39.
$50,000 Limit............................ 90-12 Continental Airlines.
EAJA cases............................... 92-74 Wendt.
HazMat cases............................. 92-76 Safety Equipment.
NTSB..................................... 90-11 Thunderbird Accessories.
Knowledge (See also Weapons Violations) Of 89-5 Schultz; 90-20 Degenhardt.
concealed weapon.
Laches (See Unreasonable Delay) Mailing Rule. 89-7 Zenkner; 90-3 Metz; 90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 90-39
Hart.
Overnight express delivery............... 89-6 American Airlines.
Maintenance (See Aircraft Maintenance)
Maintenance Instruction...................... 93-36 Valley Air.
[[Page 53233]]
Maintenance Manual........................... 90-11 Thunderbird Accessories.
Minimum Equipment List (MEL) (See Aircraft
Maintenance)
Mootness:
Appeal dismissed as moot................. 92-9 Griffin; 94-17 TCI.
National Aviation Safety Inspection Program 90-16 Rocky Mountain.
(NASIP).
National Transportation Safety Board 91-12 Terry & Menne; 92-49 Richardson & Shimp; 93-18 Westair
Administrator not bound by NTSB case law. Commuter.
Lack of Jurisdiction..................... 90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 90-17 Wilson; 92-74 Wendt.
Notice of Hearing:
Receipt.................................. 92-31 Eaddy.
Notice of Proposed Civil Penalty:
Initiates Action......................... 91-9 Continental Airlines.
SIgnature of agency attorney............. 93-12 Langton.
Withdrawal of............................ 90-17 Wilson.
Operate...................................... 91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 93-18 Westair Commuter.
Oral Argument:
Decision to hold......................... 92-16 Wendt.
Instructions for............................. 92-27 Wendt.
Order Assessing Civil Penalty:
Appeal from.............................. 92-1 Costello; 95-19 Rayner.
Timeliness of request for hearing........ 95-19 Rayner.
Withdrawal of............................ 89-4 Metz; 90-16 Rocky Mountain; 90-22 USAir; 95-19 Rayner.
Parts Manufacturer Approval Failure to obtain 93-19 Pacific Sky Supply.
Passenger Misconduct......................... 92-3 Park.
Smoking.................................. 92-37 Giuffrida
Penalty (see Sanction)
Person....................................... 93-18 Westair Commuter
Proof & Evidence:
Affirmative Defense...................... 92-13 Delta Air Lines; 92-72 Giuffrida.
Burden of Proof.......................... 90-26 & 90-43 Waddell; 91-3 Lewis; 91-30 Trujillo; 92-13 Delta
Air Lines; 92-72 Giuffrida; 93-29 Sweeney.
Circumstantial Evidence.................. 90-12, 90-19 & 91-9 Continental Airlines; 93-29 Sweeney.
Credibility (See Administrative Law
Judges; Credibility of Witnesses)
Criminal standard rejected............... 91-12 Terry & Menne.
Closing Arguments........................ 94-20 Conquest Helicopters.
Hearsay.................................. 92-72 Giuffrida.
Preponderance of evidence................ 90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 90-12 Continental Airlines; 91-12
& 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-72 Giuffrida;
Presumption that message on ATC tape is 91-12 Terry & Menne; 92-49 Richardson & Shimp.
received as transmitted.
Presumption that a gun is deadly or 90-26 Waddell; 91-30 Trujillo.
dangerous.
Settlement offer......................... 95-16 Mulhall.
Substantial evidence..................... 92-72 Giuffrida.
Pro Se Parties:
Special Considerations................... 90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 90-3 Metz.
Prosecutorial Discretion..................... 89-6 American Airlines; 90-23 Broyles; 90-38 Continental
Airlines; 91-41 [Airport Operator]; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter; 92-73
Wyatt; 95-17 Larry's Flying Service.
Reconsideration:
Denied by ALJ............................ 89-4 & 90-3 Metz.
Granted by AL............................ 92-32 Barnhill.
Stay of Order Pending.................... 90-31 Carroll; 90-32 Continental Airlines.
Remand....................................... 89-6 American Airlines; 90-16 Rocky Mountain; 90-24 Bayer; 91-51
Hagwood; 91-54 Alaska Airlines; 92-1 Costello; 92-76 Safety
Equipment; 94-37 Houston.
Repair Station............................... 90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 92-10 Flight Unlimited; 94-2
Woodhouse.
Request for Hearing.......................... 94-37 Houston; 95-19 Rayner.
Rules of Practice (14 CFR Part 13, Subpart G)
Applicability of......................... 90-12, 90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-17 KDS Aviation.
Challenges to............................ 90-12, 90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-21 Carroll; 90-37
Northwest Airlines.
Effect of Changes in..................... 90-21 Carroll; 90-22 USAir; 90-38 Continental Airlines.
Initiation of Action..................... 91-9 Continental Airlines.
Runway incursions............................ 92-40 Wendt; 93-18 Westair Commuter
Sanction:
Ability to Pay........................... 89-5 Schultz; 90-10 Webb; 91-3 Lewis; 91-38 Esau; 92-10 Flight
Unlimited; 92-32 Barnhill; 92-37 & 92-72 Giuffrida; 92-38
Cronberg; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter; 92-51 Koblick; 93-10 Costello;
94-4 Northwest Aircraft Rental; 94-20 Conquest Helicopters; 95-
16 Mulhall; 95-17 Larry's Flying Service.
Agency Policy:
ALJ Bound by............................. 90-37 Northwest Airlines; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter.
Statements of (e.g., FAA Order 2150.3A, 90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-23 Broyles; 90-33 Cato; 90-37
Sanction Guidance Table, memoranda Northwest Airlines; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter.
pertaining to.
Corrective Action............................ 91-18 [Airport Operator]; 91-40 [Airport Operator]; 91-41
[Airport Operator]; 92-5 Delta Air Lines; 93-18 Westair
Commuter, 94-28 Toyota.
[[Page 53234]]
Discovery (See Discovery)
Factors to consider.......................... 89-5 Schultz; 90-23 Broyles; 90-37 Northwest Airlines; 91-3
Lewis; 91-18 [Airport Operator]; 91-40 [Airport Operator]; 91-41
[Airport Operator]; 92-10 Flight Unlimited; 92-46 Sutton-
Sautter; 92-51 Koblick; 94-28 Toyota; 95-11 Horizon.
First-Time Offenders......................... 89-5 Schultz; 92-5 Delta Air Lines; 92-51 Koblick.
HazMat (See Hazardous Materials Transp. Act)
Inexperience................................. 92-10 Flight Unlimited.
Installment Payments......................... 95-16 Mulhall; 95-17 Larry's Flying Service.
Maintenance.................................. 95-11 Horizon.
Maximum...................................... 90-10 Webb; 91-53 Koller.
Minimum (HazMat)............................. 95-16 Mulhall.
Modified..................................... 89-5 Schultz; 90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 91-38 Esau; 92-10
Flight Unlimited; 92-13 Delta Air Lines; 92-32 Barnhill.
Partial Dismissal of Complaint/Full Sanction 94-19 Pony Express; 94-40 Polynesian Airways.
(also see Complaint.
Pilot Deviation.............................. 92-8 Watkins.
Test object detection........................ 90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines.
Unauthorized access.......................... 90-19 Continential Airlines; 90-37 Northwest Airlines; 94-1 Delta
Air Lines.
Weapons violations........................... 90-23 Broyles; 90-33 Cato; 91-3 Lewis; 91-38 Easu; 92-32
Barnhill; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter; 92-51 Koblick; 94-5 Grant.
Screening of Persons:
Air Carrier-failure to detect weapon 94-44 American Airlines.
Sanction.
Entering Sterlie Areas................... 90-24 Bayer; 92-58 Hoedl.
Separation of Fucntions...................... 90-12 Continental Airlines; 90-18 Continental Airlines; 90-19
Continental Airlines; 90-21 Carrol; 90-38 Continental Airlines;
93-13 Medel.
Service (See also Mailing Rule)
Of NPCP.................................. 90-22 USAir.
Of FNPCP................................. 93-13 Medel.
Valid Service............................ 92-18 Bargen.
Settlement................................... 91-50 & 92-1 Costello; 95-16 Mulhall.
Smoking...................................... 92-37 Giuffrida; 94-18 Luxemburg.
Standard Security Program (SSP) Compliance 90-12, 90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-33 Delta Air Lines;
with. 91-55 Continental Airlines; 92-13 & 94-1 Delta Air Lines.
Stay of Orders............................... 90-31 Carroll; 90-32 Continental Airlines.
Pending judicial review.................. 95-14 Charter Airlines.
Strict Liability............................. 89-5 Schultz; 90-27 Gabbert; 91-18 [Airport Operator]; 91-40
[Airport Operator]; 91-58 [Airport Operator].
Test Object Detection........................ 90-12, 90-18, 90-19, 91-9 & 91-55 Continental Airlines; 92-13
Delta Air Lines.
Proof of violation....................... 90-18, 90-19 & 91-9 Continental Airlines; 92-13 Delta Air Lines.
Sanction................................. 90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines.
Timeliness (See also Complaint; Mailing Rule;
and Appeals)
Of response to NPCP...................... 90-22 USAir.
Of complaint............................. 91-51 Hagwood; 93-13 Medel; 94-7 Hereth.
Of NPCP.................................. 92-73 Wyatt.
Of request for hearing................... 93-12 Langton; 95-19 Rayner.
Unapproved Parts (See also Parts Manufacturer 93-19 Pacific Sky Supply.
Approval).
Unauthorized Access:
To Aircraft.............................. 90-12 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 94-1 Delta Air Lines.
To Air Operations Area (AOA)............. 90-37 Northwest Airlines; 91-18 [Airport Operator]; 91-40
[Airport Operator]; 91-58 [Airport Operator]; 94-1 Delta Air
Lines.
Unreasonable Delay In Initiating Action...... 90-21 Carroll.
Visual Cues Indicating Runway, Adequacy of... 92-40 Wendt.
Weapons Violations........................... 89-5 Schultz; 90-10 Webb; 90-20 Degenhardt; 90-23 Broyles; 90-33
Cato; 90-26 & 90-43 Waddell; 91-3 Lewis; 91-30 Trujillo; 91-38
Esau; 91-53 Koller; 92-32 Barnhill; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter; 92-51
Koblick; 92-59 Petek-Jackson; 94-5 Grant; 94-44 American
Airlines.
Concealment (See Concealment)
Deadly or Dangerous.......................... 90-26 & 90-43 Waddell; 91-30 Trujillo; 91-38 Esau.
First-time Offenders......................... 89-5 Schultz.
Intent to commit violation................... 89-5 Schultz; 90-20 Degenhardt; 90-23 Broyles; 90-26 Waddell; 91-
3 Lewis; 91-53 Koller.
Knowledge of Weapon Concealment (See also 89-5 Schultz; 90-20 Degenhardt.
Knowledge).
Sanction (See ``Sanction'')
Weight and Balance........................... 94-40 Polynesian Airways.
Witnesses:
Absence of, Failure to subpoena.......... 92-3 Park.
Expert testimony (see also Credibility)..
Evaluation of........................ 93-17 Metcalf; 94-3 Valley Air; 94-21 Sweeney.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
REGULATIONS [Title 14 CFR, unless otherwise noted]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.1 (maintenance)............................ 94-38 Bohan.
1.1 (operate)................................ 91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 93-18 Westair Commuter.
[[Page 53235]]
1.1 (person)................................. 93-18 Westair Commuter.
13.16........................................ 90-16 Rocky Mountain; 90-22 USAir; 90-37 Northwest Airlines; 90-
38 & 91-9 Continental Airlines; 91-18 [Airport Operator]; 91-51
Hagwood; 92-1 Costello; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter; 93-13 Medel; 93-28
Strohl; 94-27 Larsen; 94-37 Houston; 94-31 Smalling; 95-19
Rayner.
13.201....................................... 90-12 Continental Airlines.
13.202....................................... 90-6 American Airlines; 92-76 Safety Equipment.
13.203....................................... 90-12 Continental Airlines; 90-21 Carroll; 90-38 Continental
Airlines.
13.204....................................... .................................................................
13.205....................................... 90-20 Degenhardt; 91-17 KDS Aviation; 91-54 Alaska Airlines; 92-
32 Barnhill; 94-32 Detroit Metropolitan; 94-39 Kirola; 95-16
Mulhall.
13.206....................................... .................................................................
13.207....................................... 94-39 Kirola.
13.208....................................... 90-21 Carroll; 91-51 Hagwood; 92-73 Wyatt; 92-76 Safety
Equipment; 93-13 Medel; 93-28 Strohl; 94-7 Hereth.
13.209....................................... 90-3 Metz; 90-15 Playter; 91-18 [Airport Operator]; 92-32
Barnhill; 92-47 Cornwall; 92-75 Beck; 92-76 Safety Equipment; 94-
8 Nunez; 94-5 Grant; 94-22 Harkins; 94-29 Sutton; 94-30 Columna;
95-10 Diamond.
13.210....................................... 92-19 Cornwall; 92-75 Beck; 92-76 Safety Equipment; 93-7 Dunn; 93-
28 Strohl; 94-5 Grant; 94-30 Columna.
13.211....................................... 89-6 American Airlines; 89-7 Zenkner; 90-3 Metz; 90-11
Thunderbird Accessories; 90-39 Hart; 91-24 Esau; 92-1 Costello;
92-9 Griffin; 92-18 Bargen; 92-19 Cornwall; 92-57 Detroit Metro.
Wayne County Airport; 92-74 Wendt; 92-76 Safety Equipment; 93-2
Wendt; 94-5 Grant; 94-18 Luxenburg; 94-29 Sutton; 95-12 Toyota.
13.212....................................... 90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 91-2 Continental Airlines.
13.213....................................... .................................................................
13.214....................................... 91-3 Lewis.
13.215....................................... 93-28 Strohl; 94-39 Kirola.
13.216....................................... .................................................................
13.217....................................... 91-17 KDS Aviation.
13.218....................................... 89-6 American Airlines; 90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 90-39
Hart; 92-9 Griffin; 92-73 Wyatt; 93-19 Pacific Sky Supply; 94-6
Strohl; 94-27 Larsen; 94-37 Houston; 95-18 Rayner.
13.219....................................... 89-6 American Airlines; 91-2 Continental Airlines; 91-54 Alaska
Airlines; 93-37 Airspect; 94-32 Detroit Metro. Wayne Airport.
13.220....................................... 89-6 American Airlines; 90-20 Carroll; 91-8 Watts Agricultural
Aviation; 91-17 KDS Aviation; 91-54 Alaska Airlines; 92-46
Sutton-Sautter.
13.221....................................... 92-29 Haggland; 92-31 Eaddy; 92-52 Cullop.
13.222....................................... 92-72 Giuffrida.
13.223....................................... 91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-72 Giuffrida.
13.224....................................... 90-26 Waddell; 91-4 [Airport Operator]; 92-72 Giuffrida; 94-18
Luxemburg; 94-28 Toyota.
13.225....................................... .................................................................
13.226....................................... .................................................................
13.227....................................... 90-21 Carroll.
13.228....................................... 92-3 Park.
13.229....................................... .................................................................
13.230....................................... 92-19 Cornwall.
13.231....................................... 92-3 Park.
13.232....................................... 89-5 Schultz; 90-20 Degenhardt; 92-1 Costello; 92-18 Bargen; 92-
32 Barnhill; 93-28 Strohl; 94-28 Toyota; 95-12 Toyota; 95-16
Mulhall.
13.233....................................... 89-1 Gressani; 89-4 Metz; 89-5 Schultz; 89-7 Zenkner; 89-8
Thunderbird Accessories, 90-3 Metz; 90-11 Thunderbird
Accessories; 90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-20 Degenhardt; 90-25
& 90-27 Gabbert; 90-35 P. Adams; 90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-
39 Hart; 91-2 Continental Airlines; 91-3 Lewis; 91-7 Pardue; 91-
8 Watts Agricultural Aviation; 91-10 Graham; 91-11 Continental
Airlines; 91-12 Bargen; 91-24 Esau; 91-26 Britt Airways; 91-31
Terry & Menne; 91-32 Bargen; 91-43 & 91-44 Delta; 91-45 Park; 91-
46 Delta; 91-47 Delta; 91-48 Wendt; 91-52 KDS Aviation; 91-53
Koller; 92-1 Costello; 92-3 Park; 92-7 West; 92-11 Alilin; 92-15
Dillman; 92-16 Wendt; 92-18 Bargen; 92-19 Cornwall; 92-27 Wendt;
92-32 Barnhill; 92-34 Carrell; 92-35 Bay Land Aviation; 92-36
Southwest Airlines; 92-39 Beck; 92-45 O'Brien; 92-52 Beck; 92-56
Montauk Caribbean Airways; 92-57 Detroit Metro. Wayne Co.
Airport; 92-67 USAir; 92-69 McCabe; 92-72 Giuffrida; 92-74
Wendt; 92-78 TWA; 93-5 Wendt; 93-6 Westair Commuter; 93-7 Dunn;
93-8 Nunez; 93-19 Pacific Sky Supply; 93-23 Allen; 93-27
Simmons; 93-28 Strohl; 93-31 Allen; 93-32 Nunez; 94-9 B & G
Instruments; 94-10 Boyle; 94-12 Bartusiak; 94-15 Columna; 94-18
Luxemburg; 94-23 Perez; 94-24 Page; 94-26 French Aircraft; 94-28
Toyota; 95-2 Meronek; 95-9 Woodhouse; 95-13 Kilrain
13.234....................................... 90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-31 Carroll; 90-32 & 90-38
Continental Airlines; 91-4 [Airport Operator]; 95-12 Toyota.
13.235....................................... 90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 90-12 Continental Airlines; 90-15
Playter; 90-17 Wilson; 92-7 West.
Part 14...................................... 92-74 & 93-2 Wendt; 95-18 Pacific Sky Supply.
14.01........................................ 91-17 & 92-71 KDS Aviation.
14.04........................................ 91-17, 91-52 & 92-71 KDS Aviation; 93-10 Costello.
[[Page 53236]]
14.05........................................ 90-17 Wilson.
14.20........................................ 91-52 KDS Aviation.
14.22........................................ 93-29 Sweeney.
14.26........................................ 91-52 KDS Aviation.
14.28........................................ 95-9 Woodhouse.
21.303....................................... 93-19 Pacific Sky Supply; 95-18 Pacific Sky Supply.
25.855....................................... 92-37 Giuffrida.
39.3......................................... 92-10 Flight Unlimited; 94-4 Northwest Aircraft Rental.
43.3......................................... 92-73 Wyatt.
43.9......................................... 91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation.
43.13........................................ 90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 94-3 Valley Air; 94-38 Bohan.
43.15........................................ 90-25 & 90-27 Gabbert; 91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation; 94-2
Woodhouse.
65.15........................................ 92-73 Watt.
65.92........................................ 92-73 Watt.
91.8 (91.11 as of 8/18/90)................... 92-3 Park.
91.9 (91.13 as of 8/18/90)................... 90-15 Playter; 91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-8 Watkins; 92-40
Wendt; 92-48 USAir; 92-49 Richardson & Shimp; 92-47 Cornwall; 92-
70 USAir; 93-9 Wendt; 93-17 Metcalf; 93-18 Westair Commuter; 93-
29 Sweeney; 94-29 Sutton.
91.29 (91.7 as of 8/18/90)................... 91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation; 92-10 Flight Unlimited; 94-4
Northwest Aircraft Rental.
91.65 (91.111 as of 8/18/90)................. 91-29 Sweeney; 94-21 Sweeney.
91.67 (91.113 as of 8/18/90)................. 91.29 Sweeney.
91.75 (91.123 as of 8/18/90)................. 91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-8 Watkins; 92-40 Wendt; 92-49
Richardson & Shimp; 93-9 Wendt.
91.79 (91.119 as of 8/18/90)................. 90-15 Playter; 92-47 Cornwall; 93-17 Metcalf.
91.87 (91.129 as of 8/18/90)................. 91.12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-8 Watkins.
91.173 (91.417 as of 8/18/90)................ 91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation.
91.703....................................... 94-29 Sutton.
107.1........................................ 90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-20 Degenhardt; 91-4 [Airport
Operator]; 91-58 [Airport Operator].
107.13....................................... 90-12 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-4 [Airport Operator]; 91-
18 [Airport Operator]; 91-40 [Airport Operator]; 91-41 [Airport
Operator]; 91-58 [Airport Operator].
107.20....................................... 90-24 Bayer; 92-58 Hoedl.
107.21....................................... 89-5 Schultz; 90-10 Webb; 90-22 Degenhardt; 90-23 Broyles; 90-26
& 90-43 Waddell; 90-33 Cato; 90-39 Hart; 91-3 Lewis; 91-10
Graham; 91-30 Trujillo; 91-38 Esau; 91-53 Koller; 92-32
Barnhill; 92-38 Cronberg; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter; 92-51 Koblick;
92-59 Petek-Jackson; 94-5 Grant; 94-31 Smalling.
107.25....................................... 94-30 Columna.
108.5........................................ 90-12, 90-18, 90-19, 91-2 & 91-9 Continental Airlines; 91-33
Delta Air Lines; 91-54 Alaska Airlines; 91-55 Continental
Airlines; 92-13 & 94-1 Delta Air Lines; 94-44 American Airlines.
108.7........................................ 90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines.
108.11....................................... 90-23 Broyles; 90-26 Waddell; 91-3 Lewis; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter;
94-44 American Airlines.
108.13....................................... 90-12 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-37 Northwest Airlines.
121.133...................................... 90-18 Continental Airlines.
121.153...................................... 92-48 & 92-70 USAir; 95-11 Horizon.
121.317...................................... 92-37 Giuffrida; 94-18 Luxemburg.
121.318...................................... 92-37 Giuffrida.
121.367...................................... 90-12 Continental Airlines.
121.571...................................... 92-37 Giuffrida.
121.628...................................... 95-11 Horizon.
135.1........................................ 95-8 Charter Airlines.
135.5........................................ 94-3 Valley Air; 94-20 Conquest Helicopters.
135.25....................................... 92-10 Flight Unlimited; 94-3 Valley Air.
135.63....................................... 94-40 Polynesian Airways; 95-17 Larry's Flying Service.
135.87....................................... 90-21 Carroll.
135.95....................................... 95-17 Larry's Flying Service.
135.185...................................... 94-40 Polynesian Airways.
135.263...................................... 95-9 Charter Airlines.
135.267...................................... 95-8 Charter Airlines; 95-17 Larry's Flying Service.
135.293...................................... 95-17 Larry's Flying Service.
135.343...................................... 95-17 Larry's Flying Service.
135.413...................................... 94-3 Valley Air.
135.421...................................... 93-36 Valley Air; 94-3 Valley Air.
135.437...................................... 94-3 Valley Air.
145.53....................................... 90-11 Thunderbird Accessories.
145.57....................................... 94-2 Woodhouse.
145.61....................................... 90-11 Thunderbird Accessories.
191.......................................... 90-12 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-37 Northwest Airlines.
298.1........................................ 92-10 Flight Unlimited.
302.8........................................ 90-22 USAir.
49 CFR:
1.47..................................... 92-76 Safety Equipment.
171 et seq............................... 95-10 Diamond.
171.2.................................... 92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling; 95-16 Mulhall.
[[Page 53237]]
171.8.................................... 92-77 TCI.
172.101.................................. 92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling.
172.200.................................. 92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 95-16 Mulhall.
172.202.................................. 92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling; 95-16 Mulhall.
172.203.................................. 94-28 Toyota.
172.204.................................. 92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling; 95-16 Mulhall.
172.300.................................. 94-31 Smalling; 95-16 Mulhall.
172.301.................................. 94-31 Smalling; 95-16 Mulhall.
172.304.................................. 92-77 TCI; 94-31 Smalling; 95-16 Mulhall.
172.400.................................. 92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling; 95-16 Mulhall.
172.402.................................. 94-28 Toyota.
172.406.................................. 92-77 TCI.
173.1.................................... 92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling; 95-16 Mulhall.
173.3.................................... 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling.
173.6.................................... 94-28 Toyota.
173.22(a)................................ 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling.
173.24................................... 94-28 Toyota; 95-16 Mulhall.
173.25................................... 94-28 Toyota.
173.27................................... 92-77 TCI.
173.115.................................. 92-77 TCI.
173.240.................................. 92-77 TCI.
173.243.................................. 94-28 Toyota.
173.260.................................. 94-28 Toyota.
173.266.................................. 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling.
175.25................................... 94-31 Smalling.
821.30................................... 92-73 Wyatt.
821.33................................... 90-21 Carroll.
STATUTES
5 U.S.C.:
504...................................... 90-17 Wilson; 91-17 & 92-71 KDS Aviation; 92-74, 93-2 & 93-9
Wendt; 93-29 Sweeney; 94-17 TCI.
552...................................... 90-12, 90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 93-10 Costello.
554...................................... 90-18 Continental Airlines; 90-21 Carroll; 95-12 Toyota.
556...................................... 90-21 Carroll; 91-54 Alaska Airlines.
557...................................... 90-20 Degenhardt; 90-21 Carroll; 90-37 Northwest Airlines; 94-28
Toyota.
705...................................... 95-14 Charter Airlines.
11 U.S.C.:
362...................................... 91-2 Continental Airlines.
28 U.S.C.:
2412..................................... 93-10 Costello.
2462..................................... 90-21 Carroll.
49 U.S.C.:
5123..................................... 95-16 Mulhall.
49 U.S.C. App.:
1301(31) (operate)....................... 93-18 Westair Commuter.
(32) (person)........................ 93-18 Westair Commuter.
1356..................................... 90-18 & 90-19, 91-2 Continental Airlines.
1357..................................... 90-18, 90-19 & 91-2 Continental Airlines; 91-41 [Airport
Operator]; 91-58 [Airport Operator].
1421..................................... 92-10 Flight Unlimited; 92-48 USAir; 92-70 USAir; 93-9 Wendt.
1429..................................... 92-73 Wyatt.
1471..................................... 89-5 Schultz; 90-10 Webb; 90-20 Degenhardt; 90-12, 90-18 & 90-19
Continental Airlines; 90-23 Broyles; 90-26 & 90-43 Waddell; 90-
33 Cato; 90-37 Northwest Airlines; 90-39 Hart; 91-2 Continental
Airlines; 91-3 Lewis; 91-18 [Airport Operator]; 91-53 Koller; 92-
5 Delta Air Lines; 92-10 Flight Unlimited; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter;
92-51 Koblick; 92-74 Wendt; 92-76 Safety Equipment; 94-20
Conquest Helicopters; 94-40 Polynesian Airways.
1475..................................... 90-20 Degenhardt; 90-12 Continental Airlines; 90-18, 90-19 & 91-1
Continental Airlines; 91-3 Lewis; 91-18 [Airport Operator]; 94-
40 Polynesian Airways.
1486..................................... 90-21 Carroll.
1809..................................... 92-77 TCI; 94-19 Pony Express; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling; 95-
12 Toyota.
Civil Penalty Actions--Orders Issued by the Administrator
Digests
(Current as of September 30, 1995)
The digests of the Administrator's final decisions and orders are
arranged by order number, and briefly summarize key points of the
decision. The following compilation of digests includes all final
decisions and orders issued by the Administrator from July 1, 1995, to
September 30, 1995. The FAA will publish noncumulative supplements to
this compilation on a quarterly basis (e.g., April, July, October, and
January of each year).
These digests do not constitute legal authority, and should not be
cited or relied upon as such. The digests are not intended to serve as
a substitute for proper legal research. Parties, attorneys, and other
interested persons should always consult the full text of the
Administrator's decisions before citing them in any context.
In the Matter of Alphin Aviation Inc.
Order No. 95-15 (7/19/95)
Appeal Dismissed. Respondent failed to file a timely notice of
appeal. The appeal is dismissed.
[[Page 53238]]
In the Matter of John Mulhall
Order No. 95-16 (8/4/95)
Settlement Offer. Prior to the hearing, Mr. Mulhall sent a letter
to the law judge, setting out a settlement offer made by the agency
attorney. Complainant argued on appeal that it was error for the law
judge to admit this letter into evidence at the hearing. Technically,
the law judge should not have admitted the evidence of the settlement
offer. By apprising the law judge of the terms of the settlement offer,
Mr. Mulhall circumvented Rule 408 of the Federal Rules of Evidence,
which prohibits the introduction of settlement offers for the purpose
of proving liability and amount of damages. But this was an ex parte
communication. It was not improper for the law judge to include the
letter in the record because by admitting the letter, he made a record
of the information to which he had had access. Also, while the judge's
order and the settlement offer have some similarities, these
similarities are not so strong as to prove that the law judge was
unduly influenced by the disclosure of the terms of the settlement
offer.
Civil Penalty Payable in Installments. It was held that law judges
may prescribe payment plans, but for policy reasons, the law judges
should use this authority on only rare occasions, such as in this case
in which the respondent is an individual with severely limited
financial means. In such cases, the deterrent value of the penalty will
not be overly diluted by an installment payment plan. When an
installment plan is appropriate, the law judge should consult with the
agency attorney to work out a payment schedule that will not be unduly
burdensome for Complainant to administer.
The law judge's order is modified to correct an apparent oversight.
The $750 civil penalty shall be paid in 30 monthly installments of
$25.00 each.
Minimum Penalty under the Federal Hazardous Materials
Transportation Law. In reconciling 49 U.S.C. 5123 (a) and (c), it is
held that the only sensible way to interpret these sections, without
rendering any of the language superfluous, meaningless or inconsistent,
is to read them to say that in cases of inability to pay a fine of $250
multiplied by the number of violations, a penalty of less than that
amount may be assessed.
In the Matter of Larry's Flying Service
Order No. 95-17 (8/4/95)
The law judge reduced the combined $35,000 civil penalty to $15,000
payable in 15 installments of $1,000 each due to Larry's Flying
Service's financial hardship. Complainant did not appeal from the
reduction of the civil penalty, but instead contested on appeal the law
judge's authority to assess a civil penalty payable in installments.
Referring to In the Matter of Mulhall, FAA Order No. 95-16 (8/4/95),
the Administrator held that law judges may prescribe payment plans, but
for policy reasons, the law judges should use this authority on only
rare occasions, such as in cases in which the respondent has severely
limited financial means. The law judge should consult the agency
attorney to determine whether a payment schedule under consideration
would be unduly burdensome for the agency to administer.
In the Matter of Pacific Sky Supply, Inc.
Order No. 95-18 (8/4/95)
Award of Attorney Fees Reversed. The law judge's award of
$87,724.19 in attorney fees and costs to Pacific Sky is reversed
because the FAA's position was substantially justified and because
special circumstances make an award of fees unjust.
Reasonable Basis in Law. The standard advanced by the FAA--i.e.,
that a violation had been proven if it was reasonably likely that some
of the parts would be installed on type-certificated products--was a
reasonable standard, and the Administrator's ultimate determination
that the slightly more rigorous ``substantially certain'' standard
should be applied does not alter this.
This case involved an unsettled, complex issue. It was a case of
first impression, and a very close case. In such cases, courts have
held there was a reasonable basis in law. The FAA did not depart from
its reasonable overall objectives in advancing the ``reasonably
likely'' standard, particularly in light of the increasing concern on
the part of the American people about the proliferation of unapproved
aircraft parts.
Reasonable Basis in Fact. Although the law judge believed there was
not enough in the official record to support the FAA's position, that
is because he too narrowly defined the record. The law judge erred in
refusing to consider exhibits that the FAA filed with him pursuant to
his own pre-hearing order.
Contrary to the law judge's holding, there was enough evidence in
the record to support FAA's theory of the case--that Pacific Sky
produced the parts at issue when it did not hold a Parts Manufacturer
Approval and that Pacific Sky sold parts indiscriminately in a market
where it was reasonably likely that at least some of them would be
installed in civil aircraft.
Because there was a reasonable basis in law and in fact for the
FAA's position, it was substantially justified.
Special Circumstances. The special circumstances exception is a
``safety valve'' to insure that the government is not deterred from
``advancing in good faith the novel but credible extensions and
interpretations of law that often underlie vigorous enforcement
efforts.'' Probably no case fits the special circumstances exception
better than this one. The government's enforcement role requires it to
take a broad view of what it may prosecute because judicial review
stands guard against an error in that direction, while an error in the
opposite direction is unlikely ever to be corrected.
In the Matter of Ben Rayner
Order No. 95-19 (8/4/95)
Appeal from Order Assessing Civil Penalty Dismissed. The
Administrator construed Mr. Rayner's Motion to Set Aside Order
Assessing Civil Penalty as a request for hearing. The Administrator
further construed the Agency's Motion to Dismiss as a motion to dismiss
a late-filed request for hearing. The motion to dismiss should be
decided by the law judge to be assigned to this case. Mr. Rayner's
appeal to the Administrator is dismissed as premature.
In the Matter of USAir, Inc.
Order No. 95-20 (8/20/95)
Appeal Dismissed. Complainant has withdrawn its notice of appeal.
Therefore, Complainant's appeal is dismissed.
In the Matter of Ezequiel G. Faisca
Order No. 95-21 (9/26/95)
Appeal Dismissed. Complainant has withdrawn its notice of appeal.
Therefore, Complainant's appeal is dismissed.
Commercial Reporting Services of the Administrator's Civil Penalty
Decisions and Orders
In June 1991, as a public service, the FAA began releasing to
commercial publishers the Administrator's decisions and orders in civil
penalty cases. The goal was to make these decisions and orders more
accessible to the public. The Administrator's decisions and orders in
civil penalty cases are now available in the following commercial
publications:
AvLex, published by Aviation Daily, 1156 15th Street, NW, Washington,
DC 20005, (202) 822-4669;
[[Page 53239]]
Civil Penalty Cases Digest Service, published by Hawkins Publishing
Company, Inc., P.O. Box 480, Mayo, MD, 21106, (410) 798-1677;
Federal Aviation Decisions, Clark Boardman Callaghan, 50 Broad Street
East, Rochester, NY 14694, (716) 546-1490.
The decisions and orders may be obtained on disk from Aviation
Records, Inc., P.O. Box 172, Battle Ground, WA 98604, (206) 896-0376.
Aeroflight Publications, P.O. Box 854, 433 Main Street, Gruver, TX
79040 (806) 733-2483, is placing the decisions on CD-ROM. Finally, the
Administrator's decisions and orders in civil penalty cases are
available on Compuserve and FedWorld.
The FAA has stated previously that publication of the subject-
matter index and the digests may be discontinued once a commercial
reporting service publishes similar information in a timely and
accurate manner. No decision has been made yet on this matter, and for
the time being, the FAA will continue to prepare and publish the
subject-matter index and digests.
FAA Offices
The Administrator's decisions and orders, indexes, and digests are
available for public inspection and copying at the following location
in FAA headquarters:
FAA Hearing Docket, Federal Aviation Administration, 800 Independence
Avenue, SW., Room 924A, Washington, DC 20591; (202) 267-3641.
These materials are also available at all FAA regional and center
legal offices at the following locations:
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Aeronautical Center (AMC-
7), Mike Monroney Aeronautical Center, 6500 South MacArthur Blvd.,
Oklahoma City, OK 73125; (405) 954-3296
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Alaskan Region (AAL-7),
Alaskan Region Headquarters, 222 West 7th Avenue, Anchorage, AL 99513;
(907) 271-5269
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Central Region (ACE-7),
Central Region Headquarters, 601 East 12th Street, Federal Building,
Kansas City, MO 64106; (816) 426-5446
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Eastern Region (AEA-7),
Eastern Region Headquarters, JFK International Airport, Federal
Building, Jamaica, NY 11430; (718) 553-3285
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Great Lakes Region (AGL-
7), 2300 East Devon Avenue, Suite 419, Des Plaines, IL 60018; (708)
294-7108
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the New England Region (ANE-
7), New England Region Headquarters, 12 New England Executive Park,
Room 401, Burlington, MA 01803-5299; (617) 238-7050
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Northwest Mountain Region
(ANM-7), Northwest Mountain Region Headquarters, 1601 Lind Avenue, SW,
Renton, WA 98055-4056; (206) 227-2007
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Southern Region (ASO-7),
Southern Region Headquarters, 1701 Columbia Avenue, College Park, GA
30337; (404) 305-5200
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Southwest Region (ASW-7),
Southwest Region Headquarters, 2601 Meacham Blvd., Fort Worth, TX
76137-4298; (817) 222-5087
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Technical Center (ACT-7),
Federal Aviation Administration Technical Center, Atlantic City
International Airport, Atlantic City, NJ 08405; (609) 485-7087
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Western-Pacific Region
(AWP-7), Western-Pacific Region Headquarters, 15000 Aviation Boulevard,
Lawndale, CA 90261; (310) 726-7100
Issued in Washington, DC on October 4, 1995.
James S. Dillman,
Assistant Chief Counsel for Litigation.
[FR Doc. 95-25293 Filed 10-11-95; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4910-13-M
