[Federal Register Volume 63, Number 197 (Tuesday, October 13, 1998)]
[Notices]
[Pages 54728-54729]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 98-27320]
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DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
National Park Service
Notice of Inventory Completion for Native American Human Remains
and Associated Funerary Objects from Pecos Valley, NM in the Possession
of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University,
Cambridge, MA; and the Robert S. Peabody Museum of Archaeology,
Phillips Academy, Andover, MA.
AGENCY: National Park Service, DOI.
ACTION: Notice.
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Notice is hereby given in accordance with provisions of the Native
American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA), 43 CFR 10.9,
of the completion of an inventory of human remains and associated
funerary objects from Pecos Valley, NM in the possession of the Peabody
Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA;
and the Robert S. Peabody Museum of Archaeology, Phillips Academy,
Andover, MA.
A detailed assessment of the human remains was made by Peabody
Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology and Robert S. Peabody Museum of
Archaeology professional staff in consultation with representatives of
the Apache Tribe of Oklahoma, the Comanche Tribe of Oklahoma, the Hopi
Tribe, the Jicarilla Apache Tribe, the Kiowa Tribe, the Mescalero
Apache Tribe, the Navajo Nation, Pueblo of Cochiti, the Pueblo of
Jemez, Pueblo of Santo Domingo, the Pueblo of Zuni, and the Wichita and
Affiliated Tribes.
Between 1915-1929, human remains representing four individuals were
recovered from Dick's Pueblo during excavations conducted under the
auspices of Phillips Academy by Alfred Vincent Kidder. No known
individuals were identified. The one associated funerary object is a
ceramic vessel and bone tube.
Based on ceramic types recovered at the site, Dick's Pueblo was
occupied during the late precontact period, 1300-1450 A.D.; and based
on archeological evidence, including ceramic analysis and evidence of
abandonment concurrent with the emergence of Pecos Pueblo suggesting
migration from Dick's Pueblo to the Pecos Pueblo as part of a pattern
of coalescence of all Pecos Valley sites to the Pecos Pueblo; Dick's
Pueblo is known to be ancestral to Pecos Pueblo. Continuities of
material culture, historical evidence, ethnographic evidence, and oral
tradition provided during consultation by representatives of the Pueblo
of Jemez indicate that Pecos Pueblo is a continuing and distinct
social, political, and religious division within the Pueblo of Jemez.
Between 1915-1929, human remains representing 115 individuals were
recovered from the Forked Lightning Pueblo during excavations conducted
under the auspices of Phillips Academy by Alfred Vincent Kidder. No
known individuals were identified. The 27 associated funerary objects
include bone awls, bone tubes, a bone whistle, stone axes, a medicine
stone, a paint stone, a shrine stone, a ceramic olla, ceramic vessels,
medicine outfits, projectile points, and modified faunal remains.
Based on the ceramic types recovered at the site, Forked Lightning
Pueblo was occupied during the late precontact period, 1175-1400 A.D.;
and, based on archeological evidence, including ceramic analysis and
evidence of abandonment concurrent with the emergence of Pecos Pueblo
suggesting migration from Forked Lightning Pueblo to the Pecos Pueblo
as part of a pattern of coalescence of all Pecos Valley sites to the
Pecos Pueblo; Forked Lightning Pueblo is known to be ancestral to Pecos
Pueblo. Continuities of material culture, historical evidence,
ethnographic evidence, and oral tradition provided during consultation
by representatives of the Pueblo of Jemez indicate that Pecos Pueblo is
a continuing and distinct social, political, and religious division
within the Pueblo of Jemez. Additionally, collections from the Forked
Lightning Pueblo are recognized and still used by religious leaders
from the Pueblo of Jemez.
Between 1915-1929, human remains representing four individuals were
recovered from Loma Lothrop during excavations conducted under the
auspices of Phillips Academy by Alfred Vincent Kidder. No known
individuals were identified. The two associated funerary objects are a
bone awl and a ceramic vessel.
Based on the ceramic types recovered at the site, Loma Lothrop was
occupied during the late precontact period, 1315-1450 A.D.; and, based
on archeological evidence, including ceramic analysis and evidence of
abandonment concurrent with the emergence of Pecos Pueblo suggesting
migration from Loma Lothrop to the Pecos Pueblo as part of a pattern of
coalescence of all Pecos Valley sites to the Pecos Pueblo; Loma Lothrop
is known to be ancestral to Pecos Pueblo. Continuities of material
culture, historical evidence, ethnographic evidence, and oral tradition
provided during consultation by representatives of the Pueblo of Jemez
indicate that Pecos Pueblo is a continuing and distinct social,
political, and religious division within the Pueblo of Jemez.
Between 1915-1929, human remains representing 11 individuals were
recovered from Rowe Pueblo during excavations conducted under the
auspices of Phillips Academy by Alfred Vincent Kidder. No known
individuals were identified. The six associated funerary objects
include ceramic vessels and a ceramic pipe.
Based on the ceramic types recovered at the site, Rowe Pueblo was
occupied during the late precontact period, 1250-1450 A.D.; and, based
on archeological evidence, including ceramic analysis and evidence of
abandonment concurrent with the emergence of Pecos Pueblo suggesting
migration from Rowe Pueblo to the Pecos Pueblo as part of a pattern of
coalescence of all Pecos Valley sites to the Pecos Pueblo; Rowe Pueblo
is known to be ancestral to Pecos Pueblo. Continuities of material
culture, historical evidence, ethnographic evidence, and oral tradition
provided during consultation by representatives of the Pueblo of Jemez
indicate that Pecos Pueblo is a continuing and distinct social,
political, and religious division within the Pueblo of Jemez.
Between 1915-1929, human remains representing 1,788 individuals
were recovered from Pecos Pueblo and mission church sites during
excavations conducted under the auspices of Phillips Academy by Alfred
Vincent Kidder. No known individuals were identified. The 498
associated funerary objects include ceramic vessels, bone awls, bone
beads, effigies, bone tubes, ceramic fragments, projectile points,
stone scrapers, chipped stone implements, a red paint stone, stone
pendants, shell pendants, ceramic ladles, ceramic pipes, wrappings,
soil samples, antler tools, faunal bone implements, stone knives, stone
drills, pieces of obsidian, lumps of paint, hammerstones, stone shaft
straighteners, a stone palette, faunal remains, fossils, a piece of
copper ore, polishing stones, and textiles.
Between 1915-1929, 19 cultural items were recovered from three
caches in Pecos Pueblo during excavations conducted by Phillips Academy
under the direction of Alfred Vincent Kidder.
[[Page 54729]]
These associated funerary objects include four anthropomorphic figures,
one piece of china, eight ground and pecked stones, and six other items
including lime covered quartz, volcanic stones, and a possible plume
holder.
Based on consultation evidence presented by representatives of the
Pueblo of Jemez, the four anthropomorphic figures were made exclusively
for burial in these caches and are intended to represent human remains.
Consultation evidence further indicates that the remaining 15 cultural
items were intentionally placed with the six figures as associated
funerary objects.
Based on the ceramic types recovered from this site, Pecos Pueblo
was occupied into the historic period 1300-1700. Historic records
document occupation at the site until 1838 when the last inhabitants
left the Pueblo and went to the Pueblo of Jemez. In 1936, an Act of
Congress recognized the Pueblo of Jemez as a ``consolidation'' and
``merger'' of the Pueblo of Pecos and the Pueblo of Jemez; this Act
further recognizes that all property, rights, titles, interests, and
claims of both Pueblos were consolidated under the Pueblo of Jemez.
Further evidence supporting a shared group identity between the
Pecos and Jemez pueblos emerges in numerous aspects of present-day
Jemez life. The 1992-1993 Pecos Ethnographic Project (unrelated to
NAGPRA) states: ``[T]he cultural evidence of Pecos living traditions
are 1) the official tribal government position of a Second Lieutenant/
Pecos Governor; 2) the possession of the Pecos Pueblo cane of office;
3) the statue and annual feast day of Porcingula (Nuestra Senora de los
Angeles) on August 2; 4) the Eagle Watchers' Society; 5) the migration
of Pecos people in the early nineteenth century; 6) the knowledge of
the Pecos language by a few select elders.'' (Levine 1994:2-3)
Based on the above mentioned information, officials of the Peabody
Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology and the Robert S. Peabody Museum of
Archaeology have determined that, pursuant to 43 CFR 10.2 (d)(1), the
human remains listed above represent the physical remains of 1,922
individuals of Native American ancestry. Officials of the Peabody
Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology and the Robert S. Peabody Museum of
Archaeology have also determined that, pursuant to 43 CFR 10.2 (d)(2),
the 534 objects listed above are reasonably believed to have been
placed with or near individual human remains at the time of death or
later as part of the death rite or ceremony. Officials of the Robert S.
Peabody Museum of Archaeology have also determined that, pursuant to 43
CFR 10.2 (d)(2), the 19 objects from the three caches at Pecos Pueblo
listed above are reasonably believed to have been made exclusively to
be placed with or near individual human remains at the time of death or
later as part of the death rite or ceremony. Lastly, officials of the
Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology and the Robert S. Peabody
Museum of Archaeology have determined that, pursuant to 43 CFR 10.2
(e), there is a relationship of shared group identity which can be
reasonably traced between these Native American human remains and
associated funerary objects and the Pueblo of Jemez.
This notice has been sent to officials of the Apache Tribe of
Oklahoma, the Comanche Tribe of Oklahoma, the Hopi Tribe, the Jicarilla
Apache Tribe, the Kiowa Tribe, the Mescalero Apache Tribe, the Navajo
Nation, Pueblo of Cochiti, the Pueblo of Jemez, Pueblo of Santo
Domingo, the Pueblo of Zuni, and the Wichita and Affiliated Tribes.
Representatives of any other Indian tribe that believes itself to be
culturally affiliated with these human remains and associated funerary
objects should contact Barbara Issac, Repatriation Coordinator, Peabody
Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, 11 Divinity Ave., Cambridge, MA
022138; telephone (617) 495-2254; or James W. Bradley, Director, Robert
S. Peabody Museum of Archaeology, Phillips Academy, Andover, MA 01810;
telephone: (978) 749-4490, before November 12, 1998. Repatriation of
the human remains and associated funerary objects to the Pueblo of
Jemez may begin after that date if no additional claimants come
forward.
Dated: October 2, 1998.
Francis P. McManamon,
Departmental Consulting Archeologist,
Manager, Archeology and Ethnography Program.
[FR Doc. 98-27320 Filed 10-9-98; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4310-70-F
