[Federal Register Volume 61, Number 210 (Tuesday, October 29, 1996)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 55842-55869]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 96-27307]
[[Page 55841]]
_______________________________________________________________________
Part II
Environmental Protection Agency
_______________________________________________________________________
40 CFR Part 63
Aerospace Manufacturing and Rework Facilities; National Emissions
Standards; Proposed Rule
Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 210 / Tuesday, October 29, 1996 /
Proposed Rules
[[Page 55842]]
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
40 CFR Part 63
[AD-FRL-5636-1]
RIN 2060-AG65
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants and
Control Techniques Guideline Document; Aerospace Manufacturing and
Rework Facilities
AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
ACTION: Proposed amendments to final rule and release of draft control
techniques guideline (CTG) document for public review.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY: This action proposes several amendments to the national
emission standards for hazardous air pollutants (NESHAP) for aerospace
manufacturing and rework facilities promulgated in the Federal Register
on September 1, 1995 (60 FR 45948). This action proposes corrections to
several references in the rule; revisions and additions to definitions;
clarification of the applicability of the cleaning operations
standards; clarification of the applicability of the rule to space
vehicles; addition of standards for Type I chemical milling maskants;
revision of standards for new and existing sources using dry
particulate filters to control emissions from topcoat and primer
application and depainting operations; addition of a test method for
determining the filtration efficiency of dry particulate filters;
addition of an exemption for certain water-reducible coatings; addition
of an essential use exemption for cleaning solvents; clarification of
compliance dates; clarification of the applicability of new source MACT
to spray booth standards; clarification of the requirements for new and
existing primer and topcoat application operations; clarification of
monitoring requirements for dry particulate filter usage; addition of
appendix A to this subpart containing definitions for specialty
coatings; and addition of a cross reference to requirements in the
General Provisions in subpart A of part 63.
In addition, today's document announces the availability of a draft
CTG document for control of volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions
from aerospace manufacturing and rework facilities for public review
and comment. This document has been prepared to assist States in
analyzing and determining reasonably available control technology
(RACT) for stationary sources of VOC emissions located within ozone
national ambient air quality standard nonattainment areas.
DATES: Comments. Comments on these proposed changes and on the CTG must
be received on or before December 30, 1996.
ADDRESSES: Comments. Interested parties may submit written comments (in
duplicate, if possible) on the proposed changes to the NESHAP to: Air
and Radiation Docket and Information Center (6102), (LE-131),
Attention, Docket No. A-92-20, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
401 M Street, SW., Washington, DC 20460. Comments on the proposed
changes to the NESHAP may also be submitted electronically by sending
electronic mail (e-mail) to: a-and-r-docket@epamail.epa.gov. Submit
comments regarding the draft CTG to Mr. James Szykman, Policy Planning
and Standards Group, Emission Standards Division (MD-13), U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711.
Electronic comments must be submitted as an ASCII file avoiding the
use of special characters and any form of encryption. Comments will
also be accepted on diskette in WordPerfect 5.1 or ASCII file format.
All comments in electronic form must be identified by the docket number
A-92-20. No Confidential Business Information (CBI) should be submitted
through e-mail. Electronic comments may be filed online at many Federal
Depository Libraries.
Docket. Docket No. A-92-20, containing the proposed regulatory
text, proposed Method 319, and other materials related to this
rulemaking used in developing the NESHAP, is available for public
inspection and copying between 8:30 a.m. to noon, and from 1 and 3
p.m., Monday through Friday, at EPA's Air and Radiation Docket and
Information Center, Waterside Mall, Room M-1500, 401 M Street, SW.,
Washington, DC 20460; telephone (202) 260-7548. A reasonable fee may be
charged for copying. The docket for the CTG is available for public
inspection and copying at the Office of Air Quality Planning and
Standards, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711.
Control Techniques Guideline
Copies of the draft CTG may be obtained from the U.S. EPA Library
(MD-35), Research Triangle Park, NC 27711; telephone (919) 541-2777.
The proposed amendments, proposed Method 319, and CTG also are
available on the Technology Transfer Network (TTN), one of EPA's
electronic bulletin boards. The service is free, except for the cost of
a phone call. Dial (919) 541-5742 with a modem of up 14,400 baud per
second (BPS) If more information on the TTN is needed, call the HELP
line at (919) 541-5384.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: For information concerning the
standards or the CTG, contact Mr. James Szykman, Policy Planning and
Standards Group, Emission Standards Division (MD-13), U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711;
telephone (919) 541-2452.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Regulated Entities.
Entities potentially regulated by this action are owners or
operators of facilities that are engaged, either in part or in whole,
in the manufacturing or rework of commercial, civil, or military
aerospace vehicles or components and that are major sources as defined
in Sec. 63.2. Regulated categories include:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Category Examples of regulated entities
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Industry............................ Facilities which are major sources
of hazardous air pollutants and
manufacture, rework, or repair
aircraft such as airplanes,
helicopters, missiles, rockets,
and space vehicles.
Federal Government.................. Federal facilities which are major
sources of hazardous air
pollutants and manufacture,
rework, or repair aircraft such
as airplanes, helicopters,
missiles, rockets, and space
vehicles.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
This table is not intended to be exhaustive, but rather provides a
guide for readers regarding entities that EPA is now aware could
potentially be regulated by this action. Other types of entities not
listed in the table could also be regulated. To determine whether your
facility [company, business, organization, etc.] is regulated by this
action, you should carefully examine the applicability criteria in
Sec. 63.741 of the NESHAP for aerospace manufacturing and rework
facilities promulgated in the Federal Register on September 1, 1995 (60
FR 45948).
The information presented below is organized as follows:
I. Background
II. Summary of and Rationale for Rule Changes
A. Corrections to References
B. Definitions
C. Cleaning Operations
D. Applicability to Space Vehicles
E. Standards for Type I Maskants
[[Page 55843]]
F. Test Method for Determining Filtration Efficiency
G. Standards for Dry Particulate Filters
H. Exemption for Waterborne Coatings
I. Essential Use Exemption for Cleaning Solvents
J. Compliance Dates
K. Requirements for New Affected Sources (Spray Booths)
L. Requirements for New and Existing Primer and Topcoat
Application Operations
M. Monitoring Requirements for Dry Particulate Filter Usage
N. Depainting Operations
O. Applicability of General Provisions
III. Control Techniques Guideline
IV. Administrative Requirements
A. Docket
B. Paperwork Reduction Act
C. Executive Order 12866
D. Regulatory Flexibility Act
E. Regulatory Review
F. Unfunded Mandates Act
I. Background
National emission standards for hazardous air pollutants for
aerospace manufacturing and rework facilities were proposed in the
Federal Register on June 6, 1994 (60 FR 29216). Public comments were
received regarding the standards and the final NESHAP was promulgated
in the Federal Register on September 1, 1995 (60 FR 45948). This action
proposes to amend Secs. 63.741, 63.742, 63.743, 63.744, 63.745, 63.746,
63.747, 63.749, 63.750, 63.751, 63.752 and 63.753 of subpart GG of 40
CFR part 63. These sections deal with applicability, definitions,
general standards, cleaning operations, topcoat and primer application
operations, depainting operations, chemical milling maskant application
operations, compliance dates and determinations, test methods and
procedures, monitoring requirements, recordkeeping requirements, and
reporting requirements.
II. Summary of and Rationale for Proposed Rule Changes
Table 1, Summary of Subpart GG of 40 CFR Part 63--National Emission
Standards for Aerospace Manufacturing and Rework Facilities, was
included as part of the preamble when the final rule was published in
the Federal Register. Because of the many proposed corrections,
revisions, and additions to the final rule reflected in this notice,
Table 1.--Summary of Subpart GG of 40 CFR Part 63--National Emission Standards for Aerospace Manufacturing and
Rework Facilities
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Affected source Requirement Description
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Aerospace Facilities......................... Applicability: General Information.......... This rule applies
to facilities
engaged in
original equipment
manufacture and/or
rework of
aerospace vehicles
components and
assemblies and
that are major
sources as defined
in 40 CFR part 63.
Specific
operations are
covered by the
rule. (63.741)
Estimated Number of Facilities.............. Over 2,800
facilities are
expected to be
affected by the
rule. Applicable
SIC codes include
3720, 3721, 3724,
3728, 3760, 3761,
3764, 3765, and
4581.
Permit Requirements......................... Major sources
required to obtain
operating permit
in State where
facility is
located according
to procedures in
40 CFR part 70 and
applicable State
regulations.
(63.741(d))
All Affected Sources......................... Standards................................... 1. Comply with Sec.
63.4 through Sec.
63.6 of the
General Provisions
of 40 CFR part 63,
subpart A, except
as provided in
Table 3.a
(63.743(a))
2. Submit a
startup, shutdown,
and malfunction
plan, except for
new sources or
filter systems
operated per
manufacturer's
instructions.
(63.743(b))
3. Obtain approval
to use control
device not listed
in this subpart.
(63.743(c))
4. Wastes subject
to RCRA are exempt
from the
requirements of
this subpart.
(63.741(e))
Compliance Dates............................ As provided for in
the General
Provisions, within
3 years after the
effective date for
existing sources
and no later than
the standards'
effective date or
upon startup, as
appropriate, for
new and
reconstructed
sources.
(63.749(a))
Test Methods and Procedures................. See individual
affected sources.
Also, comply with
Sec. 63.7 of the
General
Provisions.
(63.749 & 63.750)
Monitoring Requirements..................... See individual
affected sources.
Also, generally
same as in Sec.
63.8 (f) and (g)
of the General
Provisions.
(63.751 (e) and
(f))
Recordkeeping Requirements.................. Comply with certain
parts of Sec.
63.10 of the
General
Provisions.
(63.752(a))
Reporting Requirements...................... 1. See individual
affected sources.
Comply with
certain parts of
Sec. 63.9 and
Sec. 63.10 of the
General
Provisions, except
as specified in ).
2. Operating permit
application can be
used for initial
notification.
(63.753(a)(2))
Cleaning Operations.......................... Standards................................... Housekeeping
measures specified
for all cleaning
operations at a
facility subject
to this subpart,
except as provided
in Table 4.
Measures address
placing cleaning
solvent laden
cloth or paper in
closed containers,
storing fresh and
used cleaning
solvent in closed
containers, and
minimizing spills
during handling
and transfer.
(63.744(a))
Test Methods and Procedures................. See individual
affected sources.
Monitoring Requirements..................... See individual
affected sources.
Recordkeeping Requirements.................. The name and vapor
pressure of each
cleaning solvent,
and supporting
documentation.
(63.752(b)(1))
[[Page 55844]]
Hand-Wipe Cleaning Operations................ Standards................................... 1. Except for spray
gun and flush
cleaning, all HAP
or VOC hand-wipe
cleaning solvents
must meet a
composition
requirement, have
a vapor pressure
less than or equal
to 45 mm Hg at 20
deg.C, or meet the
requirements
specified in an
alternative
compliance plan
administered by
the permitting
authority and
approved under
Section 112(l) of
the Clean Air Act.
(63.744(b))
2. List of cleaning
operations exempt
from composition
and vapor pressure
requirements.
(63.744(e))
Test Methods and Procedures................. 1. Composition
determination
through
manufacturer's
data. (63.750(a))
2. Vapor pressure
determination
through readily
available sources
if single
component; ASTM E
260-85 and
composite vapor
pressure
determination
procedure for
multiple component
solvents.
(63.750(b))
Monitoring Requirements..................... None.
Recordkeeping Requirements.................. 1. If complying
with composition
requirements,
name, data/
calculations, and
annual volumes.
(63.752(b)(2))
2. If complying
with vapor
pressure limit,
the name, vapor
pressure, data/
calculations/test
results, and
monthly volumes.
(63.752(b)(3))
3. For noncompliant
cleaning solvents
used in exempt
operations,
monthly volumes by
operation, and
master list of
processes.
(63.752(b)(4))
Reporting Requirements...................... Semiannual
1. Noncompliant
cleaning solvent
usage.
(63.753(b)(1)(i))
2. New cleaning
solvents and vapor
pressure or
composition.
(63.753(b)(1)(ii))
3. Statement
certifying
everything is in
compliance.
(63.753(b)(1)(v))
Spray Gun Cleaning........................... Standards................................... 1. Use one of four
specified
techniques or an
equivalent.
(63.744(c))
2. For enclosed
spray gun
cleaners, repair
as soon as
practicable, but
within 15 days.
(63.744(c)(1)(ii))
Test Methods and Procedures................. None.
Monitoring Requirements..................... Visual inspection
for leaks at least
once per month.
(63.751(a))
Recordkeeping Requirements.................. Record all leaks,
including source
identification and
dates leaks found
and repaired.
(63.752(b)(5))
Reporting Requirements...................... Semiannual
1. Noncompliant
spray gun cleaning
method used.
(63.753(b)(1)(iii)
)
2. Leaks of
enclosed spray gun
cleaners not
repaired within 15
days of detection.
(63.753(b)(1)(iv))
3. Statement
certifying
everything is in
compliance.
(63.753(b)(1)(v))
Flush Cleaning............................... Standards................................... Operating
procedures specify
emptying into
enclosed
container,
collection system,
or equivalent.
(63.744(d))
Test Methods and Procedures................. None.
Monitoring Requirements..................... None.
Recordkeeping Requirements.................. None.
Reporting Requirements...................... Semiannual
Statement
certifying
everything is in
compliance.
(63.753(b)(1)(v))
Primer and Topcoat Application Operations.... Standards................................... Minimize spills
during handling
and transfer.
(63.745(b))
Uncontrolled
Primers
1. Organic HAP
content limit: 350
g/l (2.9 lb/gal)
(less water) as
applied.
(63.745(c)(1))
2. VOC content
limit: 350 g/l
(2.9 lb/gal) (less
water and exempt
solvents) as
applied.
(63.745(c)(2))
3. Achieve
compliance
through: (1) use
coatings below
content limits, or
(2) use monthly
volume-weighted
averaging to meet
content limits.
(63.745(e))
Uncontrolled
Topcoats
4. Organic HAP
content limit: 420
g/l (3.5 lb/
gal)(less water)
as applied.
(63.745(c)(3))
5. VOC content
limit: 420 g/l
(3.5 lb/gal) (less
water and exempt
solvents).
(63.745(c)(4)).
6. Achieve
compliance as in
3. above.
(63.745(e))
Controlled Primers
and Topcoats
7. If control
system is used,
must be designed
to capture and
control all
emissions from the
application
operation and must
achieve an overall
control efficiency
of at least 81%.
(63.745(d))
All Primers and
Topcoats
8. Specific
application
techniques must be
used. If
alternative is
sought, can only
be used if
emissions are less
than or equal to
HVLP or
electrostatic
spray application
techniques.
(63.745(f)(1))
9. All application
equipment must be
operated according
to manufacturer's
specifications,
company
procedures, or
locally specified
operating
procedures.
(63.745(f)(2))
[[Page 55845]]
10. Exemptions from
No. 8 above
provided for in
certain
situations.
(63.745(f)(3))
11. Operating
requirements for
the application of
primers or
topcoats that
contain inorganic
HAP, including
control with
either particulate
filters or
waterwash, and
shutdown if
operated outside
manufacturer's
specified limits.
(63.745(g) (1)
through (3))
12. Exemptions from
No. 11 provided
for certain
application
operations.
(63.745(g)(4))
Performance Test Periods and Tests.......... 1. For
``compliant''
coatings: each 30-
day period. For
``averaged''
coatings: each 30-
day period. For
``controlled''
coatings,
noncarbon
adsorber: three 1-
hour runs. For
``controlled''
coatings, carbon
adsorber: each
rolling material
balance period.
(63.749(d)(1))
2. Initial
performance test
for all control
devices to
demonstrate
compliance with
overall control
efficiency
requirement.
(63.749(e)(2))
Test Methods and Procedures................. 1. Organic HAP
level
determination
procedures.
(63.750 (c) and
(d))
2. VOC level
determination
procedures.
(63.750 (e) and
(f))
3. Overall control
efficiency of
carbon adsorber
system determined
using provided
procedures; for
other control
devices, determine
capture efficiency
and destruction
efficiency. For
capture
efficiency, use
Procedure T in
Appendix B to 40
CFR 52.741 for
total enclosures
and 40 CFR
52.741(a)(4)(iii)
procedures for all
other enclosures.
(63.750 (g) and
(h))
4. For alternative
application
methods, first
determine emission
levels for initial
30-day period or
five aircraft
using only HVLP or
electrostatic, or
a time period
specified by the
permitting agency.
Then use
alternative
application method
for period of time
necessary to coat
equivalent amount
of parts with same
coatings.
Alternative
application method
may be used when
emissions
generated during
the test period
are less than or
equal to the
emissions
generated during
the initial 30-day
period or five
aircraft. Dried
film thickness
must be within
specification for
initial 30-day
period or five
aircraft as
demonstrated under
actual production
conditions.
(63.750(i))
Monitoring Requirements..................... 1. Temperature
sensors with
continuous
recorders for
incinerators, and
install,
calibrate,
maintain, and
operate
temperature
monitors according
to manufacturer's
specifications.
Use CEMS as an
alternative.
(63.751(b))
2. Continuously
monitor pressure
drop across
filter; read and
record pressure
drop or water flow
rate through
waterwash once per
shift. (63.751(c))
Recordkeeping Requirements.................. 1. Name and VOC
content for all
primers and
topcoats. If
coating contains
exempt solvents,
calculate total
HAP content.
(63.752(c)(1))
2. For
``compliant''
coatings, organic
HAP and VOC
contents as
applied, data/
calculations or
Method 24 used to
determine them,
and monthly usage.
(63.752(c)(2))
3. For ``low-HAP/
VOC'' primers,
annual purchase
records, and data/
calculations or
Method 24 used to
determine H.
(63.752(c)(3))
4. For ``averaged''
coatings, monthly
values of VOC
content (Ha and
Ga), and data/
calculations or
Method 24 used to
calculate Ha and
Ga. (63.752(c)(4))
5. For
``controlled''
coatings
(incinerator),
overall control
efficiency and
incinerator
temperature(s).
(63.752(c)(5))
6. For
``controlled''
coatings (carbon
adsorber), overall
control efficiency
and length of
rolling period and
all supporting
data/calculations.
(63.752(c)(6))
7. Pressure drop
across filter or
water flow rate
through waterwash
once per shift,
and acceptable
limits. (63.752(d)
(1) through (3))
Reporting Requirements...................... Semiannual
1. All instances
where organic HAP/
VOC limits were
exceeded.
(63.753(c)(1) (i)
and (ii))
2. Control device
exceedances (out-
of-compliance).
(63.753(c)(1)
(iii), (iv), and
(v))
3. Periods when
operation not
immediately shut
down due to
pressure drop or
water flow rate
being outside
limits.
(63.753(c)(1)(vi))
4. Statement
certifying
everything is in
compliance.
(63.753(c)(vii))
Annual
5. Number of times
the pressure drop
or water flow rate
limits were
exceeded.
(63.753(c)(2))
[[Page 55846]]
Depainting Operations........................ Applicability............................... Applies to the
outer surface of
aerospace
vehicles. Does not
apply to parts or
units normally
removed. Fuselage,
wings, and
stabilizers always
covered. Radomes,
parts normally
removed are
exempt.
(63.746(a))
Standards................................... 1. Unless exempted,
no organic HAP are
to be emitted from
chemical strippers
or softeners.
(63.746(b)(1))
2. Minimize
inorganic HAP
emissions during
periods of
nonchemical based
equipment
malfunction.
(63.746(b)(2))
3. Use of organic
HAP material(s)
for spot stripping
and decal removal
limited to 190
pounds per
aircraft per year
for commercial
aircraft and 365
pounds per
aircraft per year
for military
aircraft.
(63.746(b)(3))
4. Operating
requirements for
depainting
operations
generating
airborne inorganic
HAP, including
control with
particulate
filters or
waterwash systems.
Mechanical and
hand sanding are
exempt.
(63.746(b)(4) and
(b)(5))
5. Nonexempt
organic HAP
emissions
controlled at 81%
efficiency for
systems installed
before effective
date. For newer
systems, control
at 95%.
(63.746(c))
Performance Test Periods and Tests.......... 1. For
demonstrating no
organic HAP
emissions: each 24-
hour period.
(63.749(f)(1))
2. For spot
stripping and
decal removal
usage limits: each
calendar year.
(63.749(f)(1))
3. Initial
performance test
for all control
devices to
demonstrate
compliance with
overall control
efficiency
requirement.
(63.749(f)(1),
(f)(2), and
(f)(3))
Test Methods and Procedures................. 1. Procedures
provided for
determining pounds
of organic HAP
material(s) used
for aircraft.
(63.750(j))
2. Overall control
efficiency of
carbon adsorber
system determined
using specified
procedures; for
other control
devices, determine
capture efficiency
and destruction
efficiency. For
capture
efficiency, use
Procedure T in
Appendix B to 40
CFR 52.741 for
total enclosures
and 40 CFR
52.741(a)(4)(iii)
procedures for all
other enclosures.
(63.750(g) and
(h))
Monitoring Requirements..................... Continuously
monitor pressure
drop across
filter; read and
record pressure
drop or water flow
rate through
waterwash once per
shift. (63.751(d))
Recordkeeping Requirements.................. 1. Name and monthly
usage (weight) of
all organic HAP
material(s) used
in chemical
strippers.
(63.752(e)(1))
2. For controlled
chemical strippers
(carbon adsorber),
overall control
efficiency and
length of rolling
period and all
supporting data/
calculations.
(63.752(e)(2))
3. For controlled
chemical strippers
(other control
devices), overall
control efficiency
and supporting
documentation.
(63.752(e)(3))
4. List of parts/
assemblies
normally removed.
(63.752(e)(4))
5. For nonchemical
based equipment,
name and type, and
malfunction
information
including dates,
description, and
alternative
methods used.
(63.752(e)(5))
6. For spot
stripping and
decal removal,
annual volume
used, annual
average volume per
aircraft, and all
data/calculations
used to calculate
volume per
aircraft.
(63.752(e)(6))
7. Pressure drop
across filter or
water flow rate
through waterwash
once per shift and
acceptable limits.
(63.752(e)(7))
Reporting Requirements...................... Semiannual
1. 24-hour periods
where organic HAP
were emitted from
depainting
operations in
violation of rule.
(63.753(d)(1)(i))
2. New and
reformulated
chemical strippers
and HAP contents.
(63.753(d)(1)(ii),
(iii), and (iv))
3. New non-chemical
based depainting
techniques.
(63.753(d)(1)(v))
4. Malfunction
information on non-
chemical based
techniques
including dates,
description, and
alternative
methods used.
(63.753(d)(1)(vi))
5. Periods when
operation not
immediately shut
down due to
pressure drop or
water flow rate
being outside
limits.
(63.753(d)(1)(vii)
)
6. List of new/
discontinued
aircraft models
and, for new
models, list of
parts normally
removed for
depainting.
(63.753(d)(1)(viii
))
7. Organic HAP
control device
exceedances.
(63.753(d)(3))
8. Statement
certifying
everything is in
compliance.
(63.753(d)(1)(ix))
Annual
9. Exceedances of
average annual
volume limits for
spot stripping and
decal removal.
(63.753(d)(2)(i))
[[Page 55847]]
10. Number of times
the pressure drop
or water flow rate
limits were
exceeded.
(63.753(d)(2)(ii))
Applicability............................... Applies only to
chemical milling
maskant operations
with Type I or II
chemical milling
maskants.
(63.747(a))
Standards................................... Minimize spills
during handling
and transfer.
(63.747(b))
Uncontrolled
Maskants
1. Organic HAP
emissions: 622 g/l
(5.2 lb/gal) (less
water) as applied
for Type I, 160 g/l
(1.3 lb/gal) (less
water) as applied
for Type II.
(63.747(c)(1))
2. VOC emissions:
622 g/l (5.2 lb/
gal) (less water
and exempt
solvents) as
applied for Type
I, 160
g/l (1.3 lb/gal)
(less water and
exempt solvents)
as applied for
Type II.
(63.747(c)(2))
3. Achieve
compliance
through: (1) use
maskants below
content limits, or
(2) use monthly
volume-weighted
averaging to meet
content limits.
(63.747(e))
Controlled Maskants
4. If control
device is used,
system must be
designed to
capture and
control all
emissions from
maskant operation
and must achieve
an overall control
efficiency of at
least 81% for
systems installed
before effective
date. For newer
systems, control
at 95%.
(63.747(d))
Performance Test Periods and Tests.......... 1. For compliant
maskants: each 30-
day period. For
averaged maskants:
each 30-day
period. For
controlled
coatings, carbon
adsorber: each
rolling period.
For controlled
coatings,
noncarbon
adsorber: three 1-
hour runs.
(63.749(h)(1))
2. Initial
performance test
required for all
control devices to
demonstrate
compliance with
overall control
efficiency
requirement.
(63.749(h)(2) and
(h)(3))
Test Methods and Procedures................. Procedures provided
essentially
identical to those
for primers and
topcoats for
organic HAP and
VOC content
levels.
(63.750(g), (h),
and (l)-(o))
Monitoring Requirements..................... Same as for primers
and topcoats if
incinerators are
used. (63.751(b))
Recordkeeping Requirements.................. Same as for primers
and topcoats.
(63.752(f))
Reporting Requirements...................... Semiannual
1. Exceedances of
organic HAP/VOC
limits.
(63.753(e)(1), (2)
and (7))
2. Control device
exceedances (out
of compliance).
(63.753(e)(3))
3. New maskants.
(63.753(e)(4))
4. New control
devices.
(63.753(e)(5))
5. Everything is in
compliance.
(63.753(e)(6))
Waste Handling and Storage Operations........ Standards................................... Minimize spills
during handling
and transfer.
(63.748)
Test Methods and Procedures................. None.
Monitoring Requirements..................... None.
Recordkeeping Requirements.................. None.
Reporting Requirements...................... None.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
a The EPA promulgated regulations for subpart A of 40 CFR part 63, which were published in the Federal Register
on March 16, 1994 at 59 FR 12408.
Table 1 has been revised and is included as a reference summary of
the revised standards.
A. Corrections to References
In the promulgated rule, there were several references to
Sec. 63.751(b)(7), which only existed in an earlier draft of the
standard. The EPA proposes the following revisions:
Sec. 63.751(b)(6)(ii)(A) of the promulgated rule references
(b)(7)(iii)(A)(3), but should reference paragraph (b)(6)(iii)(A)(2);
Sec. 63.751(b)(6)(iii) references (b)(7)(iii)(A), and (b)(7)(iii) (B)
or (C), but should reference paragraphs (b)(6)(iii)(A), and (b)(6)(iii)
(B) or (C); Sec. 63.751(b)(6)(iii)(A)(2) references (b)(7)(iii)(A)(1),
but should reference paragraph (b)(6)(iii)(A)(1);
Sec. 63.751(b)(6)(iii)(D) references (b)(7)(iii) (B) or (C), but should
reference paragraph (b)(6)(iii) (B) or (C).
B. Definitions
The EPA proposes that several definitions should be added to
Sec. 63.742 and several should be revised, based on additional
information submitted to the Agency after promulgation of the final
rule. The EPA proposes to clarify the definition of cleaning solvent
because many aqueous cleaners may contain negligible amounts of HAP and
VOC. In the promulgated rule, the definition of cleaning solvent states
that cleaning solvents do not include ``solutions that contain no HAP
and VOC.'' The EPA proposes revising the definition as follows:
Cleaning solvent means a liquid material used for hand-wipe,
spray gun, or flush cleaning. This definition does not include
solutions that contain HAP or VOC below the de minimis levels
specified in Sec. 63.741(f) (e.g., water or acetone).
Based on additional information received from industry, the EPA
proposes to change the definition of aircraft transparency. As
promulgated, the definition is limited to the aircraft windshield. On a
fighter aircraft, the windshield is only one component of the entire
canopy. On a commercial aircraft, passenger windows are constructed of
similar transparent materials as those used for the windshield. Also,
many aircraft transparencies are not laminated, but are monolithic
transparent materials.
[[Page 55848]]
The EPA proposes the following definition for aircraft transparency:
Aircraft transparency means the aircraft windshield, canopy,
passenger windows, lenses, and other components that are constructed
of transparent materials.
The Agency proposes to add a new definition of closed-cycle
depainting system as follows:
Closed-cycle depainting system means a dust free, automated
process that removes permanent coating in small sections at a time,
and maintains a continuous vacuum around the area(s) being depainted
to capture emissions.
The Agency is proposing this definition and is proposing an exemption
from the total enclosure requirements found in Sec. 63.746(b) for users
of this emerging technology that encloses the area to be depainted and
maintains a vacuum to capture all emissions. Captured emissions are
then separated/filtered/treated and the resulting solid waste material
is then appropriately disposed.
With these proposed requirements, the Agency intends to provide
owners or operators of affected sources with the flexibility to use
this emerging technology for depainting operations, while not
penalizing the owner or operator by requiring the unnecessary enclosure
of the vehicle or component being depainted.
The EPA proposes to change the definition of high volume low
pressure (HVLP) spray equipment as follows:
High volume low pressure (HVLP) spray equipment means spray
equipment that is used to apply coating by means of a spray gun that
operates at 10.0 psig of atomizing air pressure or less at the air
cap.
This change eliminates the 100 psig fluid delivery pressure specified
in the final rule, since new technology has demonstrated that this
requirement does not have to be met in order to ensure adequate
transfer efficiency.
The EPA also proposes adding a definition of waterborne (water-
reducible) coating as follows:
Waterborne (water-reducible) coating means any coating that
contains more than 5 percent water by weight as applied in its
volatile fraction.
The Agency has added and used this definition to encourage the use
of water-reducible coatings (i.e., coatings that inherently result in
lower organic HAP and VOC emissions). See Section H for additional
information on exemption(s) of waterborne coatings.
The Agency also proposes adding a definition for antique aerospace
vehicle or component so that these vehicles and components may be
exempted from the regulation. It was never the Agency's intent to
require compliance for rework operations associated with antique
aerospace vehicles or components including vintage aircraft or
historical museum collections. The Agency agrees with members of the
general aviation community that antique aerospace vehicles or
components (i.e., aerospace vehicles or components more than 30 years
old) present significant compliance challenges. Among these challenges
are the difficulties in obtaining modifications to maintenance
specifications (required if changes in coating or depainting operations
are to be made) from manufacturing companies that are frequently no
longer in operation. Another factor is the historical significance of
maintaining the original integrity of the vehicle or component. In
exempting these vehicles and components, the Agency proposes to adopt
the definition of antique aircraft as defined in 14 CFR part 45 and
limit the scope of this exemption to those vehicles or components that
are not routinely in commercial service in the capacity for which they
were designed. The Agency's intent in limiting this exemption is to
require compliance for aerospace vehicles or components that may meet
the age requirement but are still in routine commercial or military
operation. The Agency also notes that this exemption would not apply to
an airframe that may be more than 30 years old, but has been rebuilt
and is still in routine commercial or military service in the capacity
for which it was originally built.
The EPA also proposes revising the definition of specialty coating
by adding a sentence that states, ``Individual specialty coatings are
defined in appendix A to this subpart and in the CTG for Aerospace
Manufacturing and Rework Operations.'' This addition will allow
affected owners or operators to easily identify which coatings are
considered specialty coatings and are therefore exempt from this
standard. The CTG also contains VOC limits for the specialty coatings
defined in appendix A; appendix B (now redesignated as appendix A to
this subpart) was referenced in Sec. 63.743(a) of the final rule, but
inadvertently omitted from the Federal Register publication of the
final rule.
In appendix A to this subpart, the EPA proposes to revise the last
sentence of the definition of adhesive bonding primer to state, ``There
are two categories of adhesive bonding primers: primers with a design
cure at 250 deg.F or below, and primers with a design cure above
250 deg.F.'' This revision is a clarification that was omitted in the
final rule.
C. Cleaning Operations
Under the promulgated rule, the standards for cleaning operations
could be read to apply to all cleaning operations at a facility, not
only to cleaning operations that involve aerospace vehicles,
components, or coating equipment. In order to clarify the applicability
of the standards for cleaning operations, the Agency proposes to limit
the applicability of the final rule only to the manufacture or rework
of aerospace vehicles or components. Other, non-aerospace activities
are not subject to the requirements of this rule.
However, the owner or operator of a facility is not restricted from
voluntarily extending to other operations the use of cleaning solvents
which comply with the requirements of these NESHAP, where it is
determined that such use is technologically feasible. For example, it
might simplify purchasing, recordkeeping, or employee training, if the
same hand-wipe cleaning solvents are used for several or all operations
at a facility.
The EPA proposes replacing the word ``solvent'' with the defined
term ``cleaning solvent'' for clarity and consistency in Sec. 63.744,
paragraphs (a), (b), (c), and (e).
The EPA also proposes a change to the cleaning rag storage
requirement. The EPA proposes rewording the first sentence of
Sec. 63.744(a)(1) as follows:
Place cleaning solvent-laden cloth, paper, or any other
absorbent applicators used for cleaning in bags or other closed
containers upon completing their use.
The promulgated NESHAP requires that cleaning rags be stored
immediately after use. The word ``immediately'' is being removed from
the sentence to make the rule more consistent from a temporal
standpoint with the storage requirements contained in the California
SIP-approved rules that were the basis for this requirement.
Section 63.744(a)(1) of the promulgated rule also requires subject
facilities to ``[u]se bags and containers of such design so as to
contain vapors of the cleaning solvent.'' It has been brought to the
Agency's attention that a literal interpretation of this language means
100 percent capture efficiency, and even the most effective rag storage
containers currently in use in the industry do not guarantee 100
percent capture of cleaning solvent vapors. The Agency did not intend
such a literal interpretation of this requirement. The quoted language
is intended to be implemented as a work practice standard, not as an
absolute prohibition on emissions from rag containers. An
[[Page 55849]]
example of the type of container contemplated by this language would be
a rigid container constructed of impermeable material and using a
tight-fitting lid, such as a 55-gallon drum with a fitted lid. Such a
container would satisfy this requirement even though it cannot
guarantee 100-percent capture efficiency.
In addition, the EPA proposes changing the requirements for flush
cleaning to cover the situation where an operator is cleaning multiple
items at the same station, without leaving the station. The proposed
change to Sec. 63.744(d) is as follows: ``* * * empty the used cleaning
solvent each time aerospace parts or assemblies, or components of a
coating unit (with the exception of spray guns) are flush cleaned * *
*.'' This change will better address the Agency's intent in regulating
flush cleaning.
Based on information from industry, the EPA proposes a modification
to the exemption in Sec. 63.744(e)(10). This exemption was intended to
address windshield and canopy cleaning; however, many of the older
canopies in service are constructed of acrylic, rather than
polycarbonate. The Agency notes that acrylic canopies have the same
critical cleaning requirements as the polycarbonate canopies, and
believes that they therefore fall within this exemption as follows:
Cleaning of aircraft transparencies, polycarbonate, or glass
substrates.
D. Applicability to Space Vehicles
Space vehicles (i.e., vehicles designed to travel beyond the limit
of the earth's atmosphere) are specifically exempted from the
requirements of this rule, except for the standards for depainting
operations. The EPA proposes removing the reference to these vehicles
in Sec. 63.741(f) and adding an additional specific exemption in a new
paragraph, Sec. 63.741(h), to clarify the exemption. The EPA proposes
Sec. 63.741(h) as follows:
Regulated activities associated with space vehicles designed to
travel beyond the limit of the earth's atmosphere, including but not
limited to satellites, space stations, and the Space Shuttle System
(including orbiter, external tanks, and solid rocket boosters), are
exempt from the requirements of this subpart, except for depainting
operations found in Sec. 63.746.
E. Standards for Type I Maskants
The EPA proposes to establish an emission limitation for Type I
maskants and to include Type I maskants within the definition of
chemical milling maskants.
Pursuant to section 114 of the Clean Air Act (Act), information
regarding maskants was requested from nine companies that own or
operate aerospace manufacturing and rework facilities. Information was
requested for all types of maskants, including total quantity used,
formulation data, VOC and organic HAP content as received and as
applied, substrate category and the composition of the metal alloy on
which the maskant is applied, a listing of the type of parts or
specific aircraft surfaces on which the maskant is used, VOC and HAP
emissions from maskant application operations, and type(s) of controls
(if any). The information received on Type I maskants was used to
calculate a MACT floor. The MACT floor was determined to be the
weighted (by usage volume) average HAP emissions from the sources, 622
grams per liter [g/L] (5.2 pounds per gallon [lb/gal]).
The EPA proposes revising Sec. 63.747(c) to include organic HAP and
VOC content limits of 622 g/L (5.2 lb/gal) as the standard for
uncontrolled Type I chemical milling maskants. The EPA proposes
revising paragraphs (c)(1) and (2) to specify that the organic HAP and
VOC limits of 160 g/L (1.3 lb/gal) apply only to Type II chemical
milling maskants.
Due to the proposed addition of a standard for Type I chemical
milling maskants, EPA also proposes removing the definition of Type I
maskants from the list of specialty coatings in appendix A of this
subpart and revising the definition for chemical milling maskant in
Sec. 63.742 of the promulgated rule to read as follows:
Chemical milling maskant means a coating that is applied
directly to aluminum components to protect surface areas when
chemical milling the component with a Type I or Type II etchant.
This does not include bonding maskants, line sealers, and critical
use and seal coat maskants. Additionally, maskants that must be used
on an individual part or subassembly with a combination of Type I or
Type II etchants and any of the above types of maskants (e.g.,
bonding, line sealers, and critical use and seal coat) are also
exempt from this subpart.
The EPA also proposes revising the definition for chemical milling
maskant application operations in Sec. 63.742 to ``application of
chemical milling maskant for use with Type I or Type II chemical
milling etchants.'' The EPA specifically requests comments on the
development of the MACT floor for Type I chemical milling maskants
(Docket No. A-92-20).
F. Test Method for Determining Filtration Efficiency
The Agency is proposing a test method, test Method 319, for the
determination of filtration efficiency for paint overspray arrestors
(also referred to as particulate filters). The Agency is proposing that
this method be used by filter manufacturers to certify the efficiency
of their filters for meeting the dry particulate filter requirements
also being proposed in today's amendments.
The filter efficiency tables (Tables 1, 2, 3, and 4 of Sec. 63.745)
were developed from testing conducted in November, 1995 to determine
the fractional filtration efficiency of high efficiency two- and three-
stage, liquid- and solid-phase particulate filters, also referred to as
paint overspray arrestors. The tests also developed a filtration
efficiency test method for use in certifying filters to be used by
owners or operators in complying with the aerospace NESHAP.
The EPA specifically requests comments on the proposed test method
for certifying the filtration efficiency for these dry particulate
filters.
G. Standards for Dry Particulate Filters
The Agency is proposing revised MACT requirements for the control
of inorganic particulates from certain primer, topcoat, and depainting
operations. Pursuant to section 114 of the Act, information regarding
particulate filters was requested from nine companies that own or
operate aerospace manufacturing and rework facilities. Information was
requested for all types of particulate filters, including filter
manufacturer, manufacturer's part number, number of stages, type of
operation being controlled (topcoat or primer operation, dry media
blasting operation, or other), installation date, filter construction/
structure/composition, and control efficiency (with supporting
information).
Table 1 of Sec. 63.745 Two-Stage Arrestor; Liquid Phase Challenge
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Filtration efficiency requirement, Aerodynamic particle size range,
%
------------------------------------------------------------------------
>90 >5.7
>50 >4.1
>10 >2.2
------------------------------------------------------------------------
[[Page 55850]]
Table 2 of Sec. 63.745 Two-Stage Arrestor; Liquid Phase Challenge
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Filtration efficiency requirement, Aerodynamic particle size range,
%
------------------------------------------------------------------------
>90 >8.1
>50 >5.0
>10 >2.6
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table 3 of Sec. 63.745 Two-Stage Arrestor; Liquid Phase Challenge
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Filtration efficiency requirement, Aerodynamic particle size range,
%
------------------------------------------------------------------------
>95 >2.0
>80 >1.0
>65 >0.42
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table 4 of Sec. 63.745 Two-Stage Arrestor; Liquid Phase Challenge
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Filtration efficiency requirement, Aerodynamic particle size range,
%
------------------------------------------------------------------------
>95 >2.5
>85 >1.1
>75 >0.70
------------------------------------------------------------------------
For topcoat and primer operations, information was received on 510
booths with particulate filter controls. For dry media blasting
(depainting) operations, information was received on 22 booths with
particulate filter controls. Based on a review of the available data,
the EPA proposes requiring existing sources using particulate filters
in depainting as well as topcoat and primer operations, in which any of
the coatings contain inorganic HAP, to meet the filtration efficiency
established for the two-stage system that was tested. Specifically, the
Agency proposes requiring owners or operators of existing sources to
use particulate filters that are certified by the filter manufacturer
to meet or exceed the efficiency data in Tables 1 and 2 of Sec. 63.745
(developed from the two-stage filter testing).
The Agency is also proposing that new sources meet the filtration
efficiency data points for the three-stage system that was tested.
Specifically, the Agency proposes requiring owners or operators of new
sources to use particulate filters that are certified by the filter
manufacturer to meet or exceed the efficiency data in Tables 3 and 4 of
Sec. 63.745 (developed from the three-stage filter testing). The Agency
believes that proposed performance based control efficiency
requirements for particulate filters used in painting and depainting
operations will give owners and operators greater flexibility in
selecting their particulate filter system and will not preclude the use
of new, high-efficiency filtration technologies or very high efficiency
one-stage filters that may be developed in the future. The EPA
specifically requests comments on these proposed standards for
particulate filters used in topcoat and primer application and dry
media blasting (depainting) operations.
In announcing these revised MACT requirements for particulate
emissions, the Agency realizes that there are unique circumstances
where owners and operators who have commenced construction or
reconstruction of a new spray booth or hangar after the proposed
regulation and have had to comply with the requirements in the
promulgated rule. For these situations, the Agency has provided these
owners or operators of aerospace manufacturing or rework operations who
have commenced construction or reconstruction of new spray booth or
hanger for depainting operations, primer, or topcoat operations, in
which any of the coatings contain inorganic HAP's, prior to October 29,
1996 the flexibility to meet either the requirements of the promulgated
regulation or the proposed amendments to the final regulation found in
today's notice. Existing sources will be required to meet the
requirements for depainting operations and topcoat or primer
application operations found in the final amended rule.
H. Exemption for Waterborne Coatings
The EPA proposes that any waterborne coating for which the
manufacturer's supplied data demonstrate that the coating meets the
organic HAP and VOC content limits for its coating type as specified in
the regulation be exempt from many of the organic HAP and VOC related
requirements of this regulation. If the manufacturer's supplied data
indicate that the waterborne coating meets the organic HAP and VOC
content emission limits for its coating type, as specified in
Secs. 63.745(c) and 63.747(c), then the owner or operator would not be
required to demonstrate compliance for these coatings using the
procedures in Sec. 63.750(c). However, the owner or operator would
still be required to maintain purchase records and manufacturer's
supplied data sheets for exempt coatings. Owners or operators of
facilities using waterborne coatings would also be required to handle
and transfer these coatings in a manner that minimizes spills, apply
these coatings using one or more of the specified application
techniques, and comply with inorganic HAP emission requirements. This
exemption would be added as Sec. 63.741(i) as follows:
Any waterborne coating for which the manufacturer's supplied
data demonstrate that organic HAP and VOC contents are less than or
equal to the organic HAP and VOC content limits for its coating
type, as specified in Secs. 63.745(c) and 63.747(c), is exempt from
the following requirements of this subpart: Secs. 63.745(d)-(e),
63.747(d)-(e), 63.749(d) and (h), 63.750(c)-(h) and (k)-(m),
63.752(c) and (f), and 63.753(c) and (e). A facility shall maintain
the manufacturer's supplied data and annual purchase records for
each exempt waterborne coating readily available for inspection and
review, and shall retain these data for 5 years.
Section 63.741(f) would also be modified to include Sec. 63.741(i) in
the list of additional specific exemptions from regulatory coverage.
The EPA is proposing this exemption for waterborne coatings based
on settlement discussions with the two petitioners that filed for
review of the compliance demonstration provisions for waterborne
coatings in Sec. 63.750. The Agency is proposing this exemption to
streamline and simplify the requirements for owners and operators of
facilities using these coatings and to encourage the use of waterborne
coatings which may result in lower emissions than other coating types.
I. Essential Use Exemption for Cleaning Solvents
Under title VI of the Act and the Montreal Protocol, Essential Use
Waivers have been granted for limited applications of ozone depleting
compounds (ODC's). The EPA proposes that an essential use exemption be
added to this rule for cleaning operations that have been identified in
an Essential Use Waiver. The exemption would be added as
Sec. 63.744(e)(13) as follows:
Cleaning operations identified in an Essential Use Waiver which
has been reviewed and approved by the U. S. EPA and the voting
parties of the International Montreal Protocol Committee [sections
604(d)(1) and (g)(2) of the Act].
The EPA requests comments on this proposed essential use exemption.
J. Compliance Dates
The EPA wishes to clarify an inconsistency between the preamble to
the final rule and the regulation. The preamble to the final aerospace
NESHAP states, ``Owners or operators of new commercial, civil, or
military
[[Page 55851]]
aerospace OEM and rework operations with initial startup after
September 1, 1998 will be required to comply with all requirements upon
startup.'' This statement is incorrect. The text of the promulgated
regulation correctly states that new sources, with initial startup on
or after September 1, 1995, must comply with all requirements upon
startup. The EPA also proposes to clarify that the deadline for
approval of an alternate control device is 120 days prior to the
compliance date. This clarification, mistakenly omitted from the
published final rule, would be reflected in Sec. 63.743(c).
K. Requirements for New Affected Sources (Spray Booths)
The Agency wishes to clarify the requirements for new affected
sources. An affected source is an emission unit, process, or operation
identified in the NESHAP that is part of the entire facility, but is
not necessarily a major source. In today's proposal the Agency is
clarifying its intent that a spray booth or hangar that contains a
primer or topcoat application operation subject to Sec. 63.745(g) or a
depainting operation subject to Sec. 63.746(b)(4) is considered an
affected source and has added this description under Sec. 63.741(c). If
such an affected source is constructed or reconstructed after October
29, 1996 then that spray booth or hangar must comply with the
applicable inorganic control requirements. Construction or
reconstruction of a new spray booth or hangar at a facility for an
existing coating or depainting operation will not cause the existing
operation to be subject to any other new source standards; only the new
spray booth or hangar will be subject to the applicable new source
requirements for inorganic HAP and will need to comply upon the
effective date of the requirements or startup, whichever is later. The
EPA also proposes making this clarification in the final rule in
Sec. 63.749(a).
In addition, EPA wishes to clarify that Secs. 63.5(b)(3) and (4) of
the General Provisions, which require advance notice and approval by
the Agency prior to construction or reconstruction of a major affected
source, shall apply to the construction or reconstruction of a new
spray booth or hangar at a facility for an existing coating or
depainting operation only if the booth or hangar will constitute a
major source of inorganic HAP's. Owners or operators of an existing
coating or depainting operation who construct or reconstruct a new
booth or hangar which is not a major source of inorganic HAP's will
only be required to submit an annual notification on or before March 1
of each year. This annual notification shall include all of the
information required in Sec. 63.4(b)(4) for each such booth or hangar
constructed or reconstructed in the prior calendar year, except that
the information shall be limited to the inorganic HAP's from the new
booth or hangar. Of course, any owner or operator that constructs or
reconstructs a new spray booth or hangar at a facility at which there
is no existing coating or depainting operation will be required to
comply with all of the applicable notice and advance approval
requirements of Sec. 63.5.
L. Requirements for New and Existing Primer and Topcoat Application
Operations
Since promulgation, the Agency has received reports of confusion in
interpreting the applicability of primer and topcoat application
requirements to an industry that utilizes a plasma spray operation to
apply metallic coatings to a metallic substrate. In today's preamble,
the Agency notes that such a plasma spray operation is not subject to
the aerospace manufacture and rework NESHAP, but would rather be
addressed under the miscellaneous metal parts and products (surface
coating) NESHAP that is scheduled for promulgation in 2000.
The Agency has also provided additional flexibility to owners or
operators of primer and topcoat application operations seeking to use
alternative application methods. The promulgated NESHAP requires owners
or operators to use the alternative application method in production on
actual production parts or assemblies for a period of time sufficient
to coat an equivalent amount of parts and assemblies with coatings
identical to those used in an initial 30-day period. After this time
the actual organic HAP and VOC emissions shall be calculated for this
post-implementation period. The proposed amendments to the final NESHAP
allow owners or operators an alternative approach whereby the proposed
application method is tested against either HVLP or electrostatic spray
application methods in a laboratory or pilot production area, using
parts and coatings representative of the process(es) where the
alternative method is to be used. Under this alternative, the
laboratory test will use the same part configuration(s) and the same
number of parts for both the proposed method and the HVLP or
electrostatic spray application methods. The Agency has added this
alternative in response to comments received from industry indicating
that the original requirements would require actual production trials
that could result in ineffective application equipment being used on
actual production parts or assemblies.
M. Monitoring Requirements for Dry Particulate Filter Usage
The Agency proposes to clarify the monitoring requirements for
owners or operators of depainting and painting operations using dry
particulate filters and HEPA filters to comply with this NESHAP. The
final rule requires owners or operators to install and maintain devices
to continuously measure the pressure drop across the system. In this
proposal, the Agency continues to require owners or operators to
operate a device to continuously monitor this parameter at all times.
This requirement does not require an owner or operator to continuously
record the pressure drop. However, the Agency is adding language to
Sec. 63.751(c)(1) to clarify that owners or operators only are required
to read and record these pressure drop data once per shift.
N. Depainting Operations
Based on numerous comments on the depainting operation standard,
the EPA proposes a clarification to Sec. 63.746. The promulgated
standard was presented in terms of volume (gallons) of organic HAP-
containing chemical strippers per aircraft. Since the NESHAP is
specific to HAP, the EPA proposes changing the units of the standard
and stating the requirements in terms of weight (pounds) of organic HAP
materials per aircraft. The proposed standard is equivalent in terms of
actual HAP emissions to the atmosphere, but does allow greater
flexibility to the owner or operator of a new or existing depainting
operation in selecting materials to perform spot stripping and decal
removal.
The EPA proposes rewording Sec. 63.746(b)(3) as follows:
Each owner or operator of a new or existing depainting operation
complying with paragraph (b)(1) shall not, on an annual average
basis, use more than 190 pounds of organic HAP material(s) per
commercial aircraft depainted or more than 365 pounds of organic HAP
material(s) per military aircraft depainted for spot stripping and
decal removal.
Similarly, the EPA also proposes revising Equation 20 in
Sec. 63.750(j)(3) as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP29OC96.002
Where:
[[Page 55852]]
C=annual average weight (lb per aircraft) of organic HAP-material
(chemical stripper) used for spot stripping and decal removal.
m=number of organic HAPs contained in each chemical stripper, as
applied.
n=number of organic HAP-containing chemical strippers used in the
annual period.
Whi=weight fraction (expressed as a decimal) of each organic HAP
(i) contained in the chemical stripper, as applied, for each aircraft
depainted.
Dhi=density (lbs/gal) of each organic HAP (i) contained in the
chemical stripper, as applied, for each aircraft depainted.
Vsi=volume (gal) of organic HAP-containing chemical stripper i
used for during the annual period.
A=number of aircraft for which depainting operations began during the
annual period.
As further clarification, the promulgated standard for depainting
operations and the above proposed rewording are meant to allow
averaging in terms of annual usages of chemical strippers. For example,
if a facility depaints 10 aircraft in a given calendar year, the total
allowable amount of organic HAP material(s) would be 1,900 pounds per
year for commercial aircraft or 3,650 pounds per year for military
aircraft.
O. Applicability of General Provisions
The EPA proposes the addition of Table 1. General Provisions
Applicability to subpart GG, in order to clarify the applicability of
the General Provisions to this rule. Table 1 is referenced in
Sec. 63.741 and is located at the end of the final rule text.
III. Control Techniques Guideline
Under the Act, as amended in 1990, State implementation plans
(SIP's) for ozone nonattainment areas must be revised to require RACT
for control of VOC emissions from sources for which the EPA has already
published a CTG or for which it will publish a CTG between the date the
Amendments were enacted and the date an area achieves attainment status
(the Act, 182(b)(2)). The EPA has defined RACT as ``the lowest emission
limitation that a particular source is capable of meeting by the
application of control technology that is reasonably available
considering the technological and economic feasibility'' (44 FR 53761,
September 17, 1979).
The CTG's review current knowledge and data concerning the
technology and costs of various emissions control techniques. The CTG's
are intended to provide State and local air pollution authorities with
an information base for proceeding with their own analyses of RACT to
meet statutory requirements.
Each CTG contains a ``presumptive norm'' for RACT for a specific
source category, based on the EPA's evaluation of the capabilities and
problems general to the category. Where applicable, the EPA recommends
that States adopt requirements consistent with the presumptive norm.
However, the presumptive norm is only a recommendation. States may
choose to develop their own RACT requirements on a case-by-case basis,
considering the emission reductions needed to obtain achievement of the
national ambient air quality standards and the economic and technical
circumstances of the individual source.
This CTG addresses RACT for control of VOC emissions from aerospace
manufacturing and rework facilities. Volatile organic compound
emissions from primer, topcoat, and ``specialty'' coating application,
maskant application, sealing, adhesives, and cleaning operations are
addressed. Emission limits for processes also addressed in the NESHAP
are identical to the NESHAP limits. Many of the steps in these
operations involve the use of organic solvents and are sources of VOC
emissions. The sources, mechanisms, and control of these VOC emissions
are described in the CTG.
The EPA estimates that State and local regulations developed
pursuant to this draft CTG would affect about 2,869 facilities. Since
the only new requirements in the CTG (requirements that are not
included in the NESHAP) concern sealants, adhesives, and specialty
coatings, which represent only about 3 percent of all VOC emissions
from aerospace operations, the additional costs and emission reductions
resulting from the CTG will be negligible. Further information on costs
is presented in the draft CTG document and in the NESHAP for Aerospace
Manufacturing and Rework Facilities. The EPA requests comments from the
public on all aspects of the draft CTG.
IV. Administrative Requirements
A. Docket
The docket is an organized and complete file of all of the
information submitted to or otherwise considered by the EPA in the
development of this rulemaking. The docket is a dynamic file, since
material is added throughout the rulemaking development. The docketing
system is intended to allow members of the public and the industries
involved to readily identify and locate documents so that they can
effectively participate in the rulemaking process. Along with the
statement of basis and purpose of the proposed and promulgated
standards and the EPA responses to significant comments, the content of
the docket will serve as the record in case of judicial review (except
for interagency review materials) (Sec. 307(d)(7)(A) of the Act).
B. Paperwork Reduction Act
The information collection requirements contained in this proposed
amendment to a final rule have been submitted to the Office of
Management and Budget (OMB) for approval under the provisions of the
Paperwork Reduction Act, 44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq. An Information Request
Document has been prepared by the EPA and assigned ICR No. 1687.03. The
collection of information required by the proposed amendments to the
final rule has an estimated nationwide recordkeeping and reporting
burden of 829,500 hours ($29 million). This represents a 6 percent
reduction in the burden estimated for the final rule.
Send comments regarding any aspect of this collection of
information to Director, Regulatory Information Division, U. S.
Environmental Protection Agency (2136), 401 M Street, SW, Washington,
DC 20460; and to the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs,
Office of Management and Budget, Washington, DC 20503, marked
``Attention: Desk Officer for EPA.''
C. Executive Order 12866
Under Executive Order (E.O.) 12866 (58 FR 51735 [October 4, 1993]),
the EPA is required to determine whether a regulation is
``significant'' and therefore subject to OMB review and the
requirements of this E.O. to prepare a regulatory impact analysis
(RIA). The E.O. defines ``significant regulatory action'' as one that
is likely to result in a rule that may (1) have an annual effect on the
economy of $100 million or more, or adversely affect in a material way
the economy, a sector of the economy, productivity, competition, jobs,
the environment, public health or safety, or State, local, or Tribal
governments or communities; (2) create a serious inconsistency or
otherwise interfere with an action taken or planned by another agency;
(3) materially alter the budgetary impact of entitlements, grants, user
fees, or loan programs or the rights and obligations of recipients
thereof; or (4) raise novel legal or policy issues arising out of legal
mandates, the President's priorities, or the principles set forth in
the E.O.
[[Page 55853]]
Pursuant to the terms of Executive Order 12866, it has been
determined that this action is not a ``significant regulatory action''
within the meaning of the E.O.
Under E.O. 12866, the draft CTG document for aerospace
manufacturing and rework facilities is considered ``nonsignificant.''
This CTG document is not a ``rulemaking,'' rather it provides
information to States to aid them in developing rules.
D. Regulatory Flexibility Act
Pursuant to section 605(b) of the Regulatory Flexibility Act, 5
U.S.C. 605(b), I certify that this rule will not have a significant
economic impact on a substantial number of small entities. This
proposal would make clarifying amendments to the Aerospace NESHAP,
including definitions, applicability, and several technical
requirements. In addition, this notice proposes a standard for Type I
chemical milling maskants and a test method for determining filtration
efficiency of dry particulate filters. The overall impact of these
amendments result in a net decrease in requirements on all entities
affected by this rule, including small entities. Therefore these
amendments will not have a significant impact on a substantial number
of small entities.
Under the Regulatory Flexibility Act, an agency is not required to
prepare a regulatory flexibility analysis for a rule that the agency
head certifies will not have a significant economic impact on a
substantial number of small entities. Consequently, a regulatory
flexibility analysis is not required and has not been prepared.
E. Regulatory Review
In accordance with sections 112(d)(6) and 112(f)(2) of the Act,
this regulation will be reviewed within 8 years of the date of
promulgation. This review may include an assessment of such factors as
evaluation of the residual health risk, any overlap with other
programs, the existence of alternative methods of control,
enforceability, improvements in emission control technology and health
data, and recordkeeping and reporting requirements.
F. Unfunded Mandates Act
The economic impact analysis performed prior to the original
proposal showed that the economic impacts from implementation of the
proposed standards would not be ``significant'' as defined in Executive
Order 12866 (see section III.E). No changes have been made that would
increase the economic impacts to a level that would be considered
significant. The Agency has prepared the following statement of impact
to be considered in response to the requirements of the Unfunded
Mandates Act.
There are no Federal funds available to assist State, local, and
tribal governments in meeting these costs. There are important benefits
from VOC and HAP emission reductions because these compounds have
significant, adverse impacts on human health and welfare and on the
environment. The rule does not have any disproportionate budgetary
effects on any particular region of the nation, any State, local, or
tribal government, or urban, rural, or other type of community. On the
contrary, the rule will result in only a minimal increase in the
average product rates (less than 1 percent). Moreover, the rule will
not have a material effect on the national economy.
Prior to issuing the final rule on September 1, 1995, the EPA
provided numerous opportunities (e.g., public comment period; public
hearing; roundtable meetings with industry, trade association, and
State and local air pollution control agency representatives;
environmental groups; State, local, and tribal governments; and
concerned citizens) for consultation with interested parties. While
small governments are not significantly or uniquely affected by the
rule, these procedures, as well as additional public conferences and
meetings, gave small governments an opportunity to give meaningful and
timely input and obtain information, education, and advice on
compliance.
The Agency considered several regulatory options in developing the
rule. The options selected are the least costly and least burdensome
alternatives currently available for achieving the objectives of
section 112 of the Act. All but one of the regulatory options selected
are based on pollution prevention measures. Finally, after careful
consideration of the costs, the environmental impacts, and the
comments, the Agency decided that the MACT floor was the appropriate
level of control for this regulation.
List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 63
Environmental protection, Air pollution control, Hazardous
substances.
Dated: October 8, 1996.
Carol M. Browner,
Administrator.
For reasons set out in the preamble, part 63 of title 40, chapter
I, of the Code of Federal Regulations is proposed to be amended as
follows:
PART 63--[AMENDED]
1. The authority citation for part 63 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401, et seq.
Subpart GG--[Amended]
2. Section 63.741 is amended by revising paragraphs (b), (c)
introductory text, and the last three sentences in paragraph (f); and
by adding paragraphs (c)(7), (h), (i), and (j) to read as follows:
Sec. 63.741 Applicability and designation of affected sources.
* * * * *
(b) The owner or operator of an affected source shall comply with
the requirements of this subpart and of subpart A of this part, except
as specified in Sec. 63.743(a) and Table 1 of this subpart.
(c) Affected sources. The affected sources to which the provisions
of this subpart apply are specified in paragraphs (c) (1) through (7)
of this section. The activities subject to this subpart are limited to
the manufacture or rework of aerospace vehicles or components as
defined in this subpart. Where a dispute arises relating to the
applicability of this subpart to a specific activity, the owner or
operator shall demonstrate whether or not the activity is regulated
under this subpart.
* * * * *
(7) Each spray booth or hangar that contains a primer or topcoat
application operation subject to Sec. 63.745(g) or a depainting
operation subject to Sec. 63.746(b)(4).
* * * * *
(f) * * * These requirements also do not apply to parts and
assemblies not critical to the vehicle's structural integrity or flight
performance. The requirements of this subpart also do not apply to
primers, topcoats, chemical milling maskants, strippers, and cleaning
solvents containing HAP and VOC at a concentration less than 0.1
percent for carcinogens or 1.0 percent for noncarcinogens, as
determined from manufacturer's representations. Additional specific
exemptions from regulatory coverage are set forth in paragraphs (e),
(g), (h), (i), and (j) of this section, and Secs. 63.744(a)(1), (b),
(e), 63.745(a), (f)(3), (g)(4), 63.746(a), (b)(5), 63.747(c)(3), and
63.749(d).
* * * * *
(h) Regulated activities associated with space vehicles designed to
travel beyond the limit of the earth's atmosphere, including but not
limited to satellites, space stations, and the Space Shuttle System
(including orbiter, external tanks, and solid rocket
[[Page 55854]]
boosters), are exempt from the requirements of this subpart, except for
depainting operations found in Sec. 63.746.
(i) Any waterborne coating for which the manufacturer's supplied
data demonstrate that organic HAP and VOC contents are less than or
equal to the organic HAP and VOC content limits for its coating type,
as specified in Secs. 63.745(c) and 63.747(c), is exempt from the
following requirements of this subpart: Secs. 63.745 (d) through (e),
63.747 (d) through (e), 63.749 (d) and (h), 63.750 (c) through (h) and
(k) through (m), 63.752 (c) and (f), and 63.753 (c) and (e). A facility
shall maintain the manufacturer's supplied data and annual purchase
records for each exempt waterborne coating readily available for
inspection and review and shall retain these data for 5 years.
(j) This subpart does not apply to rework operations performed on
antique aerospace vehicles or components.
3. Section 63.742 is amended by revising the definitions for
``aircraft transparency,'' ``chemical milling maskant,'' ``chemical
milling maskant application operation,'' ``cleaning solvent,'' ``high
volume low pressure (HVLP) spray equipment,'' and ``specialty
coating''; and by adding in alphabetical order definitions for
``antique aerospace vehicle or component,'' ``closed-cycle depainting
system,'' and ``waterborne (water-reducible) coating'' to read as
follows:
Sec. 63.742 Definitions.
* * * * *
Aircraft transparency means the aircraft windshield, canopy,
passenger windows, lenses, and other components that are constructed of
transparent materials.
Antique aerospace vehicle or component means an antique aircraft,
as defined by 14 CFR part 45, or components thereof. An antique
aerospace vehicle would not routinely be in commercial or military
service in the capacity for which it was designed.
* * * * *
Chemical milling maskant means a coating that is applied directly
to aluminum components to protect surface areas when chemical milling
the component with a Type I or Type II etchant. This does not include
bonding maskants, line sealers, and critical use and seal coat
maskants. Additionally, maskants that must be used on an individual
part or subassembly with a combination of Type I or II etchants and any
of the above types of maskants (e.g., bonding, line sealers, and
critical use and seal coat) are also exempt from this subpart.
Chemical milling maskant application operation means application of
chemical milling maskant for use in Type I or Type II chemical milling
etchants.
* * * * *
Cleaning solvent means a liquid material used for hand-wipe, spray
gun, or flush cleaning. This definition does not include solutions that
contain HAP and VOC below the de minimis levels specified in
Sec. 63.741(f) (e.g., water or acetone).
Closed-cycle depainting system means a dust-free, automated process
that removes permanent coating in small sections at a time and
maintains a continuous vacuum around the area(s) being depainted to
capture emissions.
* * * * *
High volume low pressure (HVLP) spray equipment means spray
equipment that is used to apply coating by means of a spray gun that
operates at 10.0 psig of atomizing air pressure or less at the air cap.
* * * * *
Specialty coating means a coating that, even though it meets the
definition of a primer, topcoat, or self-priming topcoat, has
additional performance criteria beyond those of primers, topcoats, and
self-priming topcoats for specific applications. These performance
criteria may include, but are not limited to, temperature or fire
resistance, substrate compatibility, antireflection, temporary
protection or marking, sealing, adhesively joining substrates, or
enhanced corrosion protection. Individual specialty coatings are
defined in appendix A to this subpart and in the CTG for Aerospace
Manufacturing and Rework Operations.
* * * * *
Waterborne (water-reducible) coating means any coating that
contains more than 5 percent water by weight as applied in its volatile
fraction.
* * * * *
4. Section 63.743 is amended by revising paragraphs (a)
introductory text, (b) introductory text, and (c); and by adding
paragraphs (a)(10) and (d) to read as follows:
Sec. 63.743 Standards: General.
(a) Except as provided in paragraphs (a)(4) through (a)(9) of this
section and in Table 1 of this subpart, each owner or operator of an
affected source subject to this subpart is also subject to the
following sections of subpart A of this part:
* * * * *
(10) For the purposes of compliance with the requirements of
Sec. 63.5(b)(4) of the General Provisions and this subpart, owners or
operators of existing primer or topcoat application operations and
depainting operations who construct or reconstruct a spray booth or
hangar that is not a major source of inorganics shall only be required
to notify the Administrator of such construction or reconstruction on
an annual basis. Notification shall be submitted on or before March 1
of each year and shall include the information required in
Sec. 63.5(b)(4) for each such spray booth or hangar constructed or
reconstructed during the prior calendar year, except that such
information shall be limited to inorganic HAP's. No advance
notification or written approval from the Administrator pursuant to
Sec. 63.5(b)(3) shall be required for the construction or
reconstruction of such a spray booth or hangar unless the booth or
hangar will constitute a major-emitting source or inorganic HAP's.
(b) Startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan. Each owner or operator
that uses an air pollution control device or equipment to control HAP
emissions shall prepare and operate in accordance with a startup,
shutdown, and malfunction plan in accordance with Sec. 63.6. Dry
particulate filter systems operated per the manufacturer's instructions
are exempt from a startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan. A startup,
shutdown, and malfunction plan shall be prepared for facilities using
locally prepared operating procedures. In addition to the information
required in Sec. 63.6, this plan shall also include the following
provisions:
* * * * *
(c) An owner or operator who uses an air pollution control device
or equipment not listed in this subpart shall submit a description of
the device or equipment, test data verifying the performance of the
device or equipment in controlling organic HAP and/or VOC emissions, as
appropriate, and specific operating parameters that will be monitored
to establish compliance with the standards to the Administrator for
approval not later than 120 days prior to the compliance date.
(d)(1) Use any combination of primers, topcoats, or chemical
milling maskants such that the monthly volume-weighted average organic
HAP and VOC contents of the combination of primers, topcoats, or
chemical milling maskants, as determined in accordance with the
applicable procedures set forth in Sec. 63.750, complies with the
specified content limits, unless the permitting agency specifies a
shorter averaging period as part of an ambient ozone control program.
[[Page 55855]]
(2) Averaging is allowed only for uncontrolled primers, topcoats,
or chemical milling maskants.
(3) Each averaging scheme shall be approved in advance by the
permitting agency and adopted as part of the facility's title V permit.
5. Section 63.744 is amended by revising paragraphs (a)
introductory text, (b) introductory text, (a)(1), (a)(2), (c)(1)(ii),
(c)(2), (c)(4), (e)(1), (e)(2), (e)(9), (e)(10); by adding paragraph
(e)(13); and by redesignating Table 3 as Table 1 and revising it and
transferring it from paragraph (a) to the end of section, as follows:
Sec. 63.744 Standards: Cleaning operations.
(a) Housekeeping measures. Each owner or operator of a new or
existing cleaning operation subject to this subpart shall comply with
the requirements in this paragraph unless the cleaning solvent used is
identified in Table 1 of this section or contains HAP and VOC below the
de minimis levels specified in Sec. 63.741(f).
(1) Place cleaning solvent-laden cloth, paper, or any other
absorbent applicators used for cleaning in bags or other closed
containers upon completing their use. Ensure that these bags and
containers are kept closed at all times except when depositing or
removing these materials from the container. Use bags and containers of
such design so as to contain the vapors of the cleaning solvent.
Cotton-tipped swabs used for very small cleaning operations are exempt
from this requirement.
(2) Store fresh and spent cleaning solvents, except semi-aqueous
solvent cleaners, used in aerospace cleaning operations in closed
containers.
* * * * *
(b) Hand-wipe cleaning. Each owner or operator of a new or existing
hand-wipe cleaning operation (excluding cleaning of spray gun equipment
performed in accordance with paragraph (c)(3) of this section) subject
to this subpart shall use cleaning solvents that meet one of the
requirements specified in paragraphs (b)(1), (b)(2), and (b)(3) of this
section. Cleaning solvent solutions that contain HAP or VOC below the
de minimis levels specified in Sec. 63.741(f) are exempt from the
requirements in paragraphs (b)(1), (b)(2), and (b)(3).
* * * * *
(c) * * *
(1) * * *
(ii) If leaks are found during the monthly inspection required in
Sec. 63.751(a), repairs shall be made as soon as practicable, but no
later than 15 days after the leak was found. If the leak is not
repaired by the 15th day after detection, the cleaning solvent shall be
removed, and the enclosed cleaner shall be shut down until the leak is
repaired or its use is permanently discontinued.
(2) Nonatomized cleaning. Clean the spray gun by placing cleaning
solvent in the pressure pot and forcing it through the gun with the
atomizing cap in place. No atomizing air is to be used. Direct the
cleaning solvent from the spray gun into a vat, drum, or other waste
container that is closed when not in use.
* * * * *
(4) Atomizing cleaning. Clean the spray gun by forcing the cleaning
solvent through the gun and direct the resulting atomized spray into a
waste container that is fitted with a device designed to capture the
atomized cleaning solvent emissions.
* * * * *
(e) * * *
(1) Cleaning during the manufacture, assembly, installation,
maintenance, or testing of components of breathing oxygen systems that
are exposed to the breathing oxygen;
(2) Cleaning during the manufacture, assembly, installation,
maintenance, or testing of parts, subassemblies, or assemblies that are
exposed to strong oxidizers or reducers (e.g., nitrogen tetroxide,
liquid oxygen, or hydrazine);
* * * * *
(9) Cleaning of metallic and non-metallic materials used in
honeycomb cores during the manufacture or maintenance of these cores,
and cleaning of the completed cores used in the manufacture of
aerospace vehicles or components;
(10) Cleaning of aircraft transparencies, polycarbonate, or glass
substrates;
* * * * *
(13) Cleaning operations identified in an Essential Use Waiver,
which has been reviewed and approved by the U. S. EPA and the voting
parties of the International Montreal Protocol Committee [sections
604(d)(1) and (g)(2) of the Act].
Table 1.--Composition Requirements for Approved Cleaning Solvents
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cleaning solvent type Composition requirements
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Aqueous............................................. Cleaning solvents in which water is the primary ingredient
(80 percent of cleaning solvent solution as
applied must be water). Detergents, surfactants, and
bioenzyme mixtures and nutrients may be combined with the
water along with a variety of additives, such as organic
solvents (e.g., high boiling point alcohols), builders,
saponifiers, inhibitors, emulsifiers, pH buffers, and
antifoaming agents. Aqueous solutions must have a flash
point greater than 93 deg.C (200 deg.F) (as reported by
the manufacturer), and the solution must be miscible with
water.
Hydrocarbon-based................................... Cleaners that are composed of photochemically reactive
hydrocarbons and oxygenated hydrocarbons and have a
maximum vapor pressure of 7 mm Hg at 20 deg.C (3.75 in
H2O at 68 deg.F). These cleaners also contain no HAP or
ozone depleting compounds.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6. Section 63.745 is amended by revising paragraph (e) introductory
text, (g)(2)(i), (g)(2)(ii), (g)(2)(iii); removing paragraph (g)(2)(iv)
and redesignating paragraphs (g)(2)(v) and (g)(2)(vi) as (g)(2)(iv) and
(g)(2)(v), respectively, to read as follows:
Sec. 63.745 Standards: Primer and topcoat application operations.
* * * * *
(e) Compliance methods. Compliance with the organic HAP and VOC
content limits specified in paragraphs (c)(1) through (c)(4) of this
section shall be accomplished by using the methods specified in
paragraphs (c)(1) through (c)(4) of this section and Sec. 63.743(d) of
this subpart either by themselves or in conjunction with one another.
* * * * *
(g) * * *
(2) * * *
(i) For existing sources, the owner or operator must choose one of
the following:
(A) Before exhausting it to the atmosphere, pass the air stream
through a dry particulate filter system certified by the filter
manufacturer using the methods described in Sec. 63.750(o) to meet or
exceed the efficiency data points in Tables 1 and 2; or
[[Page 55856]]
Table 1.--Two-Stage Arrestor; Liquid Phase Challenge
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Aerodynamic particle size range,
Filtration efficiency requirement, % m
------------------------------------------------------------------------
>90................................. >5.7
>50................................. >4.1
>10................................. >2.2
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table 2.--Two-Stage Arrestor; Solid Phase Challenge
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Aerodynamic particle size rang,
Filtration efficiency requirement, % m
------------------------------------------------------------------------
>90................................. >8.1
>50................................. >5.0
>10................................. >2.6
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(B) Before exhausting it to the atmosphere, pass the air stream
through a waterwash system that shall remain in operation during all
coating application operations; or
(C) Before exhausting it to the atmosphere, pass the air stream
through an air pollution control system that meets or exceeds the
efficiency data points in Tables 1 and 2 and is approved by the
permitting authority.
(ii) For new sources, either:
(A) Before exhausting it to the atmosphere, pass the air stream
through a dry particulate filter system certified by the filter
manufacturer using the methods described in Sec. 63.750(o) to meet or
exceed the efficiency data points in Tables 3 and 4; or
Table 3.--Three-Stage Arrestor; Liquid Phase Challenge
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Aerodynamic particle size range,
Filtration efficiency requirement, % m
------------------------------------------------------------------------
>95................................. >2.0
>80................................. >1.0
>65................................. >0.42
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table 4.--Three-Stage Arrestor; Solid Phase Challenge
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Aerodynamic particle size range,
Filtration efficiency requirement, % m
------------------------------------------------------------------------
>95................................. >2.5
>85................................. >1.1
>75................................. >0.70
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(B) Before exhausting it to the atmosphere, pass the air stream
through an air pollution control system that meets or exceeds the
efficiency data points in Tables 3 and 4 and is approved by the
permitting authority.
(iii) Owners or operators of new sources that have commenced
construction or reconstruction after September 1, 1995, but prior to
October 29, 1996, may comply with the following requirements in lieu of
the requirements in paragraph (g)(2)(ii) of this section:
(A) Pass the air stream through either a two-stage dry particulate
filter system or a waterwash system before exhausting it to the
atmosphere.
(B) If the primer or topcoat contains chromium or cadmium, control
shall consist of a HEPA filter system, three-stage filter system, or
other control system equivalent to the three stage filter system as
approved by the permitting agency.
* * * * *
7. Section 63.746 is amended by revising paragraphs (b)(1), (b)(3),
(b)(4)(i), (b)(4)(ii), and the second sentence of paragraph (b)(4)(v)
to read as follows:
Sec. 63.746 Standards: Depainting operations.
* * * * *
(b)(1) HAP emissions--non-HAP chemical strippers and technologies.
Except as provided in paragraph (b)(2) or (b)(3) of this section, each
owner or operator of a new or existing aerospace depainting operation
subject to this subpart shall emit no organic HAP from chemical
stripping formulations and agents or chemical paint softeners.
* * * * *
(3) Each owner or operator of a new or existing depainting
operation complying with paragraph (b)(1) of this section shall not, on
an annual average basis, use more than 190 pounds of organic HAP
material(s) per commercial aircraft depainted or more than 365 pounds
of organic HAP material(s) per military aircraft depainted for spot
stripping and decal removal.
(4) * * *
(i) Perform the depainting operation in an enclosed area, unless a
closed-cycle depainting system is used.
(ii) (A) For existing sources, pass any air stream removed from the
enclosed area or closed-cycle depainting system through a dry
particulate filter system, certified by the filter manufacturer using
the method described in Sec. 63.750(o) to meet or exceed the efficiency
data points in Tables 1 and 2 of Sec. 63.745, through a baghouse, or
through a waterwash system before exhausting it to the atmosphere.
(B) For new sources pass any air stream removed from the enclosed
area or closed-cycle depainting system through a dry particulate filter
system certified by the filter manufacturer using the method described
in Sec. 63.750(o) to meet or exceed the efficiency data points in
Tables 3 and 4 of Sec. 63.745 or through a baghouse before exhausting
it to the atmosphere.
* * * * *
(v) * * * If the water path in the waterwash system fails the
visual continuity/flow characteristics check or the water flow rate, as
recorded pursuant to Sec. 63.752(e)(7), or the water flow rate, as
recorded pursuant to Sec. 63.752(d)(2), exceeds the limit(s) specified
by the booth manufacturer or in locally prepared operating procedures,
or the booth manufacturer's or locally prepared maintenance procedures
for the filter or waterwash system have not been performed as
scheduled, shut down the operation immediately and take corrective
action. * * *
* * * * *
8. Section 63.747 is amended by revising paragraphs (c)(1), (c)(2)
and (e) introductory text to read as follows:
Sec. 63.747 Standards: Chemical milling maskant application
operations.
* * * * *
(c) * * *
(1) Organic HAP emissions from chemical milling maskants shall be
limited to organic HAP content levels of 622 grams of organic HAP per
liter (5.2 lb/gal) of Type I chemical milling maskant (less water) as
applied, and no more than 160 grams of organic HAP per liter (1.3 lb/
gal) of Type II chemical milling maskant (less water) as applied.
(2) VOC emissions from chemical milling maskants shall be limited
to VOC content levels of no more than 622 grams of VOC per liter (5.2
lb/gal) of Type I chemical milling maskant (less water and exempt
solvents) as applied, and no more than 160 grams of VOC per liter (1.3
lb/gal) of Type II chemical milling maskant (less water and exempt
solvents) as applied.
* * * * *
(e) Compliance methods. Compliance with the organic HAP and VOC
content limits specified in paragraphs (c)(1) and (c)(2) of this
section shall be accomplished by using the methods specified in
paragraphs (c)(1) and (c)(2) of this section and Sec. 63.743(d) of this
subpart either by themselves or in conjunction with one another.
* * * * *
9. Section 63.749 is amended by revising paragraphs (a), (b),
(f)(3)(ii)(A), and (h)(3)(i) to read as follows:
Sec. 63.749 Compliance dates and determinations.
(a) Compliance dates. Each owner or operator of an existing
affected source subject to this subpart shall comply with the
requirements of this subpart by
[[Page 55857]]
September 1, 1998, except as specified in this section. Owners or
operators of new affected sources subject to this subpart shall comply
on the effective date or upon startup, whichever is later. In addition,
each owner or operator shall comply with the compliance dates specified
in Sec. 63.6(b) and Sec. 63.6(c).
Owners or operators of existing primer or topcoat application
operations and depainting operations who construct or reconstruct a
spray booth or hanger must comply with the new source requirements for
inorganic HAP specified in Secs. 63.745(g)(2)(ii) and 63.746(b)(4) for
that new spray booth or hanger upon startup.
(b) General. Each facility subject to this subpart shall be
considered in noncompliance if the owner or operator fails to submit a
startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan as required by Sec. 63.743(b)
or uses a control device other than one specified in this subpart that
has not been approved by the Administrator, as required by
Sec. 63.743(c).
* * * * *
(f) * * *
(3) * * *
(ii) * * *
(A) For any spot stripping and decal removal, the value of C, as
determined using the procedures specified in Sec. 63.750(j), is less
than or equal to 190 pounds of organic HAP material(s) per commercial
aircraft depainted or more than 365 pounds of organic HAP material(s)
per aircraft depainted for military aircraft calculated on a yearly
average; and
* * * * *
(h) * * *
(3) * * *
(i) For all uncontrolled chemical milling maskants, all values of
Hi and Ha (as determined using the procedures specified in
Sec. 63.750(k) and (l)) are less than or equal to 622 grams of organic
HAP per liter (5.2 lb/gal) of Type I chemical milling maskant as
applied (less water), and 160 grams of organic HAP per liter (1.3 lb/
gal) of Type II chemical milling maskant as applied (less water). All
values of Gi and Ga (as determined using the procedures
specified in Sec. 63.750(m) and (n)) are less than or equal to 622
grams of organic VOC per liter (5.2 lb/gal) of Type I chemical milling
maskant as applied (less water and exempt solvents), and 160 grams of
VOC per liter (1.3 lb/gal) of Type II chemical milling maskant (less
water and exempt solvents) as applied.
* * * * *
10. Section 63.750 is amended by revising paragraphs (c)(1),
(e)(1), Equation 7 (``Eq. 7'') in (e)(2), (g)(3)(ii), (i)(1),
(i)(2)(ii), (i)(2)(iii), (equation 19 remains unchanged), (j)
introductory text, (j)(1), (j)(3) and (k)(1); and by adding paragraph
(o) to read as follows:
Sec. 63.750 Test methods and procedures.
* * * * *
(c) * * *
(1) For coatings that contain no exempt solvents, determine the
total organic HAP content using manufacturer's supplied data or Method
24 of 40 CFR part 60, appendix A, to determine the VOC content. The VOC
content shall be used as a surrogate for total HAP content for coatings
that contain no exempt solvent. If there is a discrepancy between the
manufacturer's formulation data and the results of the Method 24
analysis, compliance shall be based on the results from the Method 24
analysis.
* * * * *
(e) * * *
(1) Determine the VOC content of each formulation (less water and
exempt solvents) as applied using manufacturer's supplied data or
Method 24 of 40 CFR part 60, appendix A, to determine the VOC content.
The VOC content shall be used as a surrogate for total HAP content for
coatings that contain no exempt solvent. If there is a discrepancy
between the manufacturer's formulation data and the results of the
Method 24 analysis, compliance shall be based on the results from the
Method 24 analysis.
(2) * * *
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP29OC96.003
* * * * *
(g) * * *
(3) * * *
(ii) Assure that all HAP emissions from the affected HAP emission
point(s) are segregated from gaseous emission points not affected by
this subpart and that the emissions can be captured for measurement, as
described in 63.750(g)(2)(ii)(A) and (B);
* * * * *
(i)(1) Alternative application method--primers and topcoats. Each
owner or operator seeking to use an alternative application method (as
allowed in Sec. 63.745(f)(1)(ix)) in complying with the standards for
primers and topcoats shall use either the procedures specified in
paragraphs (i)(2)(i) or (i)(2)(ii) of this section to determine the
organic HAP and VOC emission levels of the alternative application
technique as compared to either HVLP or electrostatic spray application
methods.
(2) * * *
(ii) Test the proposed application method against either HVLP or
electrostatic spray application methods in a laboratory or pilot
production area, using parts and coatings representative of the
process(es) where the alternative method is to be used. The laboratory
test will use the same part configuration(s) and the same number of
parts for both the proposed method and the HVLP or electrostatic spray
application methods.
(iii) Whenever the approach in either paragraph (i)(2)(i) or
(i)(2)(ii) is used, the owner or operator shall calculate both the
organic HAP and VOC emission reduction using equation 19:
* * * * *
(j) Spot stripping and decal removal. Each owner or operator
seeking to comply with Sec. 63.746(b)(3) shall determine the weight of
organic HAP material used per aircraft using the procedure specified in
paragraphs (j)(1) through (j)(3) of this section.
(1) For each chemical stripper used for spot stripping and decal
removal, determine for each annual period the total weight of organic
HAP material using the procedure specified in paragraph (d)(2) of this
section.
* * * * *
(3) Calculate the annual average weight of organic HAP material
used for spot stripping and decal removal per aircraft using equation
20:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP29OC96.004
Where:
C=annual average weight (lb per aircraft) of organic HAP-material
(chemical stripper) used for spot stripping and decal removal.
m=number of organic HAPs contained in each chemical stripper, as
applied.
n=number of organic HAP-containing chemical strippers used in the
annual period.
Whi=weight fraction (expressed as a decimal) of each organic HAP
(i) contained in the chemical stripper, as applied, for each aircraft
depainted.
Dhi=density (lbs/gal) of each organic HAP (i) contained in the
chemical stripper, as applied, for each aircraft depainted.
Vsi=volume (gal) of organic HAP-containing chemical stripper i
used for during the annual period.
A=number of aircraft for which depainting operations began during the
annual period.
(k) * * *
[[Page 55858]]
(1) For coatings that contain no exempt solvents, determine the
total organic HAP content using manufacturer's supplied data or Method
24 of 40 CFR part 60, appendix A to determine the VOC content. The VOC
content shall be used as a surrogate for total HAP content for coatings
that contain no exempt solvent. If there is a discrepancy between the
manufacturer's formulation data and the results of the Method 24
analysis, compliance shall be based on the results from the Method 24
analysis.
* * * * *
(o) Inorganic HAP emissions--dry particulate filter certification
requirements. Dry particulate filters used to comply with
Sec. 63.745(g)(2) or Sec. 63.746(b)(4) must be certified by the filter
manufacturer, using method 319 in appendix A of subpart A of this part,
to meet or exceed the efficiency data points found in Tables 4 and 5,
or 6 and 7 of this section for existing or new sources respectively.
11. Section 63.751 is amended by revising the first sentence of
paragraph (b)(6)(ii)(A), paragraph (b)(6)(iii) introductory text, and
the first sentence of paragraph (b)(6)(iii)(A)(2), introductory text
and paragraphs (b)(6)(iii)(D), (c)(1), (c)(2) and (d) to read as
follows:
Sec. 63.751 Monitoring requirements.
* * * * *
(b) * * *
(6) * * *
(ii) * * *
(A) Except as allowed by paragraph (b)(6)(iii)(A)(2) of this
section, all continuous emission monitors shall comply with performance
specification (PS) 8 or 9 in 40 CFR part 60, appendix B, as appropriate
depending on whether VOC or HAP concentration is being measured. * * *
* * * * *
(iii) Owners or operators complying with Sec. 63.745(d),
Sec. 63.746(c), or Sec. 63.747(d) through the use of a control device
and establishing a site-specific operating parameter in accordance with
paragraph (b)(1) shall fulfill the requirements of paragraph
(b)(6)(iii)(A) of this section and paragraph (b)(6)(iii) (B) or (C) of
this section, as appropriate.
* * * * *
(A) * * *
(2) For owners or operators using a nonregenerative carbon
adsorber, in lieu of using continuous emission monitors as specified in
paragraph (b)(6)(iii)(A)(1) of this section, the owner or operator may
use a portable monitoring device to monitor total HAP or VOC
concentration at the inlet and outlet or the outlet of the carbon
adsorber as appropriate. * * *
* * * * *
(D) If complying with Sec. 63.745(d), Sec. 63.746(c), or
Sec. 63.747(d) through the use of a nonregenerative carbon adsorber, in
lieu of the requirements of paragraph (b)(6)(iii) (B) or (C) of this
section, the owner or operator may replace the carbon in the carbon
adsorber system with fresh carbon at a regular predetermined time
interval as determined in accordance with paragraph (b)(2) of this
section.
* * * * *
(c) * * *
(1) Each owner or operator using a dry particulate filter system to
meet the requirements of Sec. 63.745(g)(2) shall, while primer or
topcoat application operations are occurring, continuously monitor the
pressure drop across the system and read and record the pressure drop
once per shift following the recordkeeping requirements of
Sec. 63.752(d).
(2) Each owner or operator using a waterwash system to meet the
requirements of Sec. 63.745(g)(2) shall, while primer or topcoat
application operations are occurring, continuously monitor the water
flow rate through the system and read an record the water flow rate
once per shift following the recordkeeping requirements of
Sec. 63.752(d).
(d) Particulate filters and waterwash booths--depainting
operations. Each owner or operator using a dry particulate filter or
waterwash system in accordance with the requirements of
Sec. 63.746(b)(4) shall, while depainting operations are occurring,
continuously monitor the pressure drop across the particulate filters
or the water flow rate through the waterwash system and read and record
the pressure drop or the water flow rate once per shift following the
recordkeeping requirements of Sec. 63.752(e).
* * * * *
12. Section 63.752 is amended by revising paragraphs (b)(1), (e)(6)
and (f) introductory text; and by removing paragraph (d)(4) to read as
follows:
Sec. 63.752 Recordkeeping requirements.
* * * * *
(b) * * *
(1) The name, vapor pressure, and documentation showing the organic
HAP constituents of each cleaning solvent used for affected cleaning
operations at the facility.
* * * * *
(e) * * *
(6) Spot stripping and decal removal. For spot stripping and decal
removal, the weight of organic HAP-material used, the annual average
weight of organic HAP-material used per aircraft, the annual number of
aircraft stripped, and all data and calculations used.
* * * * *
(f) Chemical milling maskant application operations. Each owner or
operator seeking to comply with the organic HAP and VOC content limits
for the chemical milling maskant application operation, as specified in
Sec. 63.747(c) and (d), shall record the information specified in
paragraphs (f)(1) through (f)(4) of this section, as appropriate.
* * * * *
13. Section 63.753 is amended by revising paragraph (a)(1)
introductory text to read as follows:
Sec. 63.753 Reporting requirements.
(a)(1) Except as provided in paragraphs (a)(2) and (a)(3) of this
section, each owner or operator subject to this subpart shall fulfill
the requirements contained in Sec. 63.9(a) through (e) and (h) through
(j). Notification requirements, and Sec. 63.10 (a), (b), (d), and (f),
Recordkeeping and reporting requirements, of the General Provisions, 40
CFR part 63, subpart A, except that the initial notification
requirements for new or reconstructed affected sources in Sec. 63.9(b)
(3) through (5) shall not apply, and that the initial notification for
existing sources that the source is subject to the standard required in
Sec. 63.9(b)(2) shall be submitted not later than September 1, 1997. In
addition to the requirements of 63.9(h), the notification of compliance
status shall include:
* * * * *
14. Table 1 is added to the end of subpart GG to read as follows:
Table 1 to Subpart GG.--General Provisions Applicability to Subpart GG
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Reference Applies to affected sources in subpart GG Comment
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
63.1(a)(1)........................... Yes....................................... .............................
[[Page 55859]]
63.1(a)(2)........................... Yes....................................... .............................
63.1(a)(3)........................... Yes....................................... .............................
63.1(a)(4)........................... Yes....................................... .............................
63.1(a)(5)........................... No........................................ Reserved.
63.1(a)(6)........................... Yes....................................... .............................
63.1(a)(7)........................... Yes....................................... .............................
63.1(a)(8)........................... Yes....................................... .............................
63.1(a)(9)........................... No........................................ Reserved.
63.1(a)(10).......................... Yes....................................... .............................
63.1(a)(11).......................... Yes....................................... .............................
63.1(a)(12).......................... Yes....................................... .............................
63.1(a)(13).......................... Yes....................................... .............................
63.1(a)(14).......................... Yes....................................... .............................
63.1(b)(1)........................... Yes....................................... .............................
63.1(b)(2)........................... Yes....................................... .............................
63.1(b)(3)........................... Yes....................................... .............................
63.1(c)(1)........................... Yes....................................... .............................
63.1(c)(2)........................... Yes....................................... Subpart GG does not apply to
area sources.
63.1(c)(3)........................... No........................................ Reserved.
63.1(c)(4)........................... Yes....................................... .............................
63.1(c)(5)........................... Yes....................................... .............................
63.1(d).............................. No........................................ Reserved.
63.1(e).............................. Yes....................................... .............................
63.2................................. Yes....................................... .............................
63.3................................. Yes....................................... .............................
63.4(a)(1)........................... Yes....................................... .............................
63.4(a)(2)........................... Yes....................................... .............................
63.4(a)(3)........................... Yes....................................... .............................
63.4(a)(4)........................... No........................................ Reserved.
63.4(a)(5)........................... Yes....................................... .............................
63.4(b).............................. Yes....................................... .............................
63.4(c).............................. Yes....................................... .............................
63.5(a).............................. Yes....................................... .............................
63.5(b)(1)........................... Yes....................................... .............................
63.5(b)(2)........................... No........................................ Reserved.
63.5(b)(3)........................... Yes....................................... .............................
63.5(b)(4)........................... Yes....................................... .............................
63.5(b)(5)........................... Yes....................................... .............................
63.5(b)(6)........................... Yes....................................... .............................
63.5(c).............................. No........................................ Reserved.
63.5(d)(1)(i)........................ Yes....................................... .............................
63.5(d)(1)(ii) (A)-(H)............... Yes....................................... .............................
63.5(d)(1)(ii)(I).................... No........................................ Reserved.
63.5(d)(1)(ii)(J).................... Yes....................................... .............................
63.5(d)(1)(iii)...................... Yes....................................... .............................
63.5(d) (2)-(4)...................... Yes....................................... .............................
63.5(e).............................. Yes....................................... .............................
63.5(f).............................. Yes....................................... .............................
63.6(a).............................. Yes....................................... .............................
63.6(b) (1)-(5)...................... No........................................ Sec. 63.749(a) specifies
compliance dates for new
sources.
63.6(b)(6)........................... No........................................ Reserved.
63.6(b)(7)........................... Yes....................................... .............................
63.6(c)(1)........................... Yes....................................... .............................
63.6(c)(2)........................... No........................................ The standards in subpart GG
are promulgated under
section 112(d) of the Act.
63.6(c) (3)-(4)...................... No........................................ Reserved.
63.6(c)(5)........................... Yes....................................... .............................
63.6(d).............................. No........................................ Reserved.
63.6(e).............................. Yes....................................... Sec. 63.743(b) includes
additional provisions for
the operation and
maintenance plan.
63.6(f).............................. Yes....................................... .............................
63.6(g).............................. Yes....................................... .............................
63.6(h).............................. No........................................ The standards in subpart GG
do not include opacity
standards.
63.6(i) (1)-(3)...................... Yes....................................... .............................
63.6(i)(4)(i)(A)..................... Yes....................................... .............................
63.6(i)(4)(i)(B)..................... No........................................ Sec. 63.743(a)(4) specifies
that requests for extension
of compliance must be
submitted no later than 120
days before an affected
source's compliance date.
63.6(i)(4)(ii)....................... No........................................ The standards in subpart GG
are promulgated under
section 112(d) of the Act.
[[Page 55860]]
63.6(i) (5)-(12)..................... Yes....................................... .............................
63.6(i)(13).......................... Yes....................................... .............................
63.6(i)(14).......................... Yes....................................... .............................
63.6(i)(15).......................... No........................................ Reserved.
63.6(i)(16).......................... Yes....................................... .............................
63.6(j).............................. Yes....................................... .............................
63.7(a)(1)........................... Yes....................................... .............................
63.7(a)(2) (i)-(vi).................. Yes....................................... .............................
63.7(a)(2) (vii)-(viii).............. No........................................ Reserved.
63.7(a)(2)(ix)....................... Yes....................................... .............................
63.7(a)(3)........................... Yes....................................... .............................
63.7(b).............................. Yes....................................... .............................
63.7(c).............................. Yes....................................... .............................
63.7(d).............................. Yes....................................... .............................
63.7(e).............................. Yes....................................... .............................
63.7(f).............................. Yes....................................... .............................
63.7(g)(1)........................... Yes....................................... .............................
63.7(g)(2)........................... No........................................ Reserved.
63.7(g)(3)........................... Yes....................................... .............................
63.7(h).............................. Yes....................................... .............................
63.8(a) (1)-(2)...................... Yes....................................... .............................
63.8(a)(3)........................... No........................................ Reserved.
63.8(a)(4)........................... Yes....................................... .............................
63.8(b).............................. Yes....................................... .............................
63.8(c).............................. Yes....................................... .............................
63.8(d).............................. No........................................ .............................
63.8(e) (1)-(4)...................... Yes....................................... .............................
63.8(e)(5)(i)........................ Yes....................................... .............................
63.8(e)(5)(ii)....................... No........................................ The standards in subpart GG
do not include opacity
standards.
63.8(f)(1)........................... Yes....................................... .............................
63.8(f)(2) (i)-(vii)................. Yes....................................... .............................
63.8(f)(2)(viii)..................... No........................................ The standards in subpart GG
do not include opacity
standards.
63.8(f)(2)(ix)....................... Yes....................................... .............................
63.8(f) (3)-(6)...................... Yes....................................... .............................
63.8(g).............................. Yes....................................... .............................
63.9(a).............................. Yes....................................... .............................
63.9(b)(1)........................... Yes....................................... .............................
63.9(b)(2)........................... Yes....................................... Sec. 63.753(a)(1) requires
submittal of the initial
notification at least 1 year
prior to the compliance
date;
Sec. 63.753(a)(2) allows a
title V or part 70 permit
application to be
substituted for the initial
notification in certain
circumstances.
63.9(b)(3)........................... No........................................ .............................
63.9(b)(4)........................... No........................................ .............................
63.9(b)(5)........................... No........................................ .............................
63.9(c).............................. Yes....................................... .............................
63.9(d).............................. Yes....................................... .............................
63.9(e).............................. Yes....................................... .............................
63.9(f).............................. No........................................ The standards in subpart GG
do not include opacity
standards.
63.9(g)(1)........................... No........................................ .............................
63.9(g)(2)........................... No........................................ The standards in subpart GG
do not include opacity
standards.
63.9(g)(3)........................... No........................................ .............................
63.9(h) (1)-(3)...................... Yes....................................... Sec. 63.753(a)(1) also
specifies additional
information to be included
in the notification of
compliance status.
63.9(h)(4)........................... No........................................ Reserved.
63.9(h) (5)-(6)...................... Yes....................................... .............................
63.9(i).............................. Yes....................................... .............................
63.9(j).............................. Yes....................................... .............................
63.10(a)............................. Yes....................................... .............................
63.10(b)............................. Yes....................................... .............................
63.10(c)(1).......................... No........................................ .............................
63.10(c) (2)-(4)..................... No........................................ Reserved.
63.10(c)(5)-(8)...................... No........................................ .............................
63.10(c)(9).......................... No........................................ Reserved.
63.10(c) (10)-(13)................... No........................................ .............................
63.10(c)(14)......................... No........................................ Sec. 63.8(d) does not apply
to this subpart.
[[Page 55861]]
63.10(c)(15)......................... No........................................ .............................
63.10(d) (1)-(2)..................... Yes....................................... .............................
63.10(d)(3).......................... No........................................ The standards in subpart GG
do not include opacity
standards.
63.10(d)(4).......................... Yes....................................... .............................
63.10(d)(5).......................... Yes....................................... .............................
63.(10)(e)(1)........................ No........................................ .............................
63.10(e)(2)(i)....................... No........................................ .............................
63.10(e)(2)(ii)...................... No........................................ The standards in subpart GG
do not include opacity
standards.
63.10(e)(3).......................... No........................................ .............................
63.10(e)(4).......................... No........................................ The standards in subpart GG
do not include opacity
standards.
63.10(f)............................. Yes....................................... .............................
63.11................................ Yes....................................... .............................
63.12................................ Yes....................................... .............................
63.13................................ Yes....................................... .............................
63.14................................ Yes....................................... .............................
63.15................................ Yes....................................... .............................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
15. Appendix A of subpart GG is added to read as follows:
Appendix A to Subpart GG--Specialty Coating Definitions
Ablative coating--A coating that chars when exposed to open
flame or extreme temperatures, as would occur during the failure of
an engine casing or during aerodynamic heating. The ablative char
surface serves as an insulative barrier, protecting adjacent
components from the heat or open flame.
Adhesion promoter--A very thin coating applied to a substrate to
promote wetting and form a chemical bond with the subsequently
applied material.
Adhesive bonding primer--A primer applied in a thin film to
aerospace components for the purpose of corrosion inhibition and
increased adhesive bond strength by attachment. There are two
categories of adhesive bonding primers: primers with a design cure
at 250 deg. F or below and primers with a design cure above 250 deg.
F.
Aerosol coating--A hand-held, pressurized, non-refillable
container that expels an adhesive or a coating in a finely divided
spray when a valve on the container is depressed.
Antichafe coating--A coating applied to areas of moving
aerospace components that may rub during normal operations or
installation.
Bearing Coating--A coating applied to an antifriction bearing, a
bearing housing, or the area adjacent to such a bearing to
facilitate bearing functions or to protect base material from
excessive wear.
Bonding maskant--A temporary coating used to protect selected
areas of aerospace parts from strong acid or alkaline solutions
during processing for bonding.
Chemical agent-resistant coating (CARC)--An exterior topcoat
designed to withstand exposure to chemical warfare agents or the
decontaminants used on these agents.
Clear coating--A transparent coating usually applied over a
colored opaque coating, metallic substrate, or placard to give
improved gloss and protection to the color coat. In some cases, a
clearcoat refers to any transparent coating without regard to
substrate.
Commercial exterior aerodynamic structure primer--A primer used
on aerodynamic components and structures that protrude from the
fuselage, such as wings and attached components, control surfaces,
horizontal stabilizers, vertical fins, wing-to-body fairings,
antennae, and landing gear and doors, for the purpose of extended
corrosion protection and enhanced adhesion.
Commercial interior adhesive--Materials used in the bonding of
passenger cabin interior components. These components must meet the
FAA fireworthiness requirements.
Compatible Substrate Primer--Includes two categories: Compatible
Epoxy Primer and Adhesive Primer. Compatible Epoxy Primer is primer
that is compatible with the filled elastomeric coating and is epoxy
based. The compatible substrate primer is an epoxy-polyamide primer
used to promote adhesion of elastomeric coatings such as impact-
resistant coatings. Adhesive Primer is a coating that (1) inhibits
corrosion and serves as a primer applied to bare metal surfaces or
prior to adhesive application, or (2) is applied to surfaces that
can be expected to contain fuel. Fuel tank coatings are excluded
from this category.
Conformal Coating--Coating applied to electrical conductors and
circuit boards to protect them against electrical discharge, damage,
and/or corrosion.
Corrosion prevention system--A coating system that provides
corrosion protection by displacing water and penetrating mating
surfaces, forming a protective barrier between the metal surface and
moisture. Coatings containing oils or waxes are excluded from this
category.
Critical use and line sealer maskant--A temporary coating, not
covered under other maskant categories, used to protect selected
areas of aerospace parts from strong acid or alkaline solutions such
as those used in anodizing, plating, chemical milling and processing
of magnesium, titanium, high-strength steel, high precision aluminum
chemical milling of deep cuts, and aluminum chemical milling of
complex shapes. Materials used for repairs or to bridge gaps left by
scribing operations (i.e. line sealer) are also included in this
category.
Cryogenic flexible primer--A primer designed to provide
corrosion resistance, flexibility, and adhesion of subsequent
coating systems when exposed to loads up to and surpassing the yield
point of the substrate at cryogenic temperatures (-275 deg. F and
below).
Cryoprotective coating--A coating that insulates cryogenic or
subcooled surfaces to limit propellant boil-off, maintain structural
integrity of metallic structures during ascent or re-entry, and
prevent ice formation.
Cyanoacrylate adhesive--A fast-setting, single component
adhesive that cures at room temperature. Also known as ``super
glue.''
Dry Lubricative Coating--A coating consisting of lauric acid,
cetyl alcohol, waxes, or other non-cross linked or resin-bound
materials that act as dry lubricants.
Electric or radiation-effect coating--A coating or coating
system engineered to interact, through absorption or reflection,
with specific regions of the electromagnetic energy spectrum, such
as the ultraviolet, visible, infrared, or microwave regions. Uses
include, but are not limited to, lightning strike protection,
electromagnetic pulse (EMP) protection, and radar avoidance.
Coatings that have been designated ``classified'' by the Department
of Defense are exempt.
Electrostatic discharge and electromagnetic interference (EMI)
coating--A coating applied to space vehicles, missiles, aircraft
radomes, and helicopter blades to disperse static energy or reduce
electromagnetic interference.
Elevated temperature skydrol resistant commercial primer--A
primer applied
[[Page 55862]]
primarily to commercial aircraft (or commercial aircraft adapted for
military use) that must withstand immersion in phosphate-ester (PE)
hydraulic fluid (Skydrol 500b or equivalent) at the elevated
temperature of 150 deg.F for 1,000 hours.
Epoxy polyamide topcoat--A coating used where harder films are
required or in some areas where engraving is accomplished in
camouflage colors.
Fire-resistant (interior) coating--For civilian aircraft, fire-
resistant interior coatings are used on passenger cabin interior
parts that are subject to the FAA fireworthiness requirements. For
military aircraft, fire-resistant interior coatings are used on
parts subject to the flammability requirements of MIL-STD-1630A and
MIL-A-87721. For space applications, these coatings are used on
parts subject to the flammability requirements of SE-R-0006 and SSP
30233.
Flexible primer--A primer that meets flexibility requirements
such as those needed for adhesive bond primed fastener heads or on
surfaces expected to contain fuel. The flexible coating is required
because it provides a compatible, flexible substrate over bonded
sheet rubber and rubber-type coatings as well as a flexible bridge
between the fasteners, skin, and skin-to-skin joints on outer
aircraft skins. This flexible bridge allows more topcoat flexibility
around fasteners and decreases the chance of the topcoat cracking
around the fasteners. The result is better corrosion resistance.
Flight test coating--A coating applied to aircraft other than
missiles or single-use aircraft prior to flight testing to protect
the aircraft from corrosion and to provide required marking during
flight test evaluation.
Fuel tank adhesive--An adhesive used to bond components exposed
to fuel and that must be compatible with fuel tank coatings.
Fuel tank coating--A coating applied to fuel tank components to
inhibit corrosion and/or bacterial growth and to assure sealant
adhesion in extreme environmental conditions.
High temperature coating--A coating designed to withstand
temperatures of more than 350 deg.F.
Insulation covering--Material that is applied to foam insulation
to protect the insulation from mechanical or environmental damage.
Intermediate release coating--A thin coating applied beneath
topcoats to assist in removing the topcoat in depainting operations
and generally to allow the use of less hazardous depainting methods.
Lacquer--A clear or pigmented coating formulated with a
nitrocellulose or synthetic resin to dry by evaporation without a
chemical reaction. Lacquers are resoluble in their original solvent.
Metalized epoxy coating--A coating that contains relatively
large quantities of metallic pigmentation for appearance and/or
added protection.
Mold release--A coating applied to a mold surface to prevent the
molded piece from sticking to the mold as it is removed.
Non-structural adhesive--An adhesive that bonds non-load bearing
aerospace components in non-critical applications and is not covered
in any other specialty adhesive categories.
Optical anti-reflection coating--A coating with a low
reflectance in the infrared and visible wavelength ranges, which is
used for anti-reflection on or near optical and laser hardware.
Part marking coating--Coatings or inks used to make identifying
markings on materials, components, and/or assemblies. These markings
may be either permanent or temporary.
Pretreatment coating--An organic coating that contains at least
0.5 percent acids by weight and is applied directly to metal
surfaces to provide surface etching, corrosion resistance, adhesion,
and ease of stripping.
Protective oils/waxes--Any material containing oils or waxes
that is used as a temporary coating to provide corrosion protection
by displacing water during manufacturing, storage, and
transportation.
Rain erosion-resistant coating--A coating or coating system used
to protect the leading edges of parts such as flaps, stabilizers,
radomes, engine inlet nacelles, etc. against erosion caused by rain
impact during flight.
Rocket motor bonding adhesive--An adhesive used in rocket motor
bonding applications.
Rocket motor nozzle coating--A catalyzed epoxy coating system
used in elevated temperature applications on rocket motor nozzles.
Rubber-based adhesive--Quick setting contact cements that
provide a strong, yet flexible, bond between two mating surfaces
that may be of dissimilar materials.
Scale inhibitor--A coating that is applied to the surface of a
part prior to thermal processing to inhibit the formation of scale.
Screen print ink--Inks used in screen printing processes during
fabrication of decorative laminates and decals.
Seal coat maskant--An overcoat applied over a maskant to improve
abrasion and chemical resistance during production operations.
Sealant--A material used to prevent the intrusion of water,
fuel, air, or other liquids or solids from certain areas of
aerospace vehicles or components. There are two categories of
sealants: extrudable/rollable/brushable sealants and sprayable
sealants.
Silicone insulation material--Insulating material applied to
exterior metal surfaces for protection from high temperatures caused
by atmospheric friction or engine exhaust. These materials differ
from ablative coatings in that they are not ``sacrificial.''
Solid film lubricant--A very thin coating consisting of a binder
system containing as its chief pigment material one or more of the
following: molybdenum, graphite, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), or
other solids that act as a dry lubricant between faying surfaces.
Space vehicle coating--A coating applied to vehicles,
assemblies, and components designed to travel beyond the limit of
the earth's atmosphere.
Specialized function coating--Coatings that fulfill extremely
specific engineering requirements that are limited in application
and are characterized by low volume usage. This category excludes
coatings covered in other Specialty Coating categories.
Structural autoclavable adhesive--An adhesive used to bond load
carrying aerospace components that is cured by heat and pressure in
an autoclave.
Structural non-autoclavable adhesive--An adhesive cured under
ambient conditions that is used to bond load carrying aerospace
components or for other critical functions, such as non-structural
bonding in the proximity of engines.
Temporary protective coating--A coating applied to provide
scratch or corrosion protection during manufacturing, storage, or
transportation. Two types include peelable protective coatings and
alkaline removable coatings. These materials are not intended to
protect against strong acid or alkaline solutions. Coatings that
provide this type of protection from chemical processing are not
included in this category.
Thermal control coating--Coatings formulated with specific
thermal conductive or radiative properties to permit temperature
control of the substrate.
Touch-up and Repair Coating--A coating used to cover minor
coating imperfections appearing after the main coating operation.
Wing coating--A corrosion-resistant topcoat that is resilient
enough to withstand the flexing of the wings.
16. Appendix A to Part 63 is amended by adding method 319 in
numerical order to read as follows:
Appendix A to Part 63--Test Methods
* * * * *
Method 319: Determination of Filtration Efficiency for Paint Overspray
Arrestors
1.0 Scope and Application
1.1 This method applies to the determination of the initial,
particle size dependent, filtration efficiency for paint arrestors
over the particle diameter range from 0.3 to 10 m. The
method applies to single and multiple stage paint arrestors or paint
arrestor media. The method is applicable to efficiency
determinations from 0 to 99 percent. Two test aerosols are used--one
liquid-phase and one solid-phase. Oleic acid, a low volatility
liquid (CAS Number 112-80-1), is used to simulate wet paint
overspray. The solid-phase aerosol is potassium chloride salt (KCl,
CAS Number 7447-40-7) and is used to simulate a dry overspray. The
method is limited to determination of the initial, clean condition
of the arrestor. Changes in efficiency (either increase or decrease)
due to the accumulation of paint overspray on and within the
arrestor are not evaluated.
1.2 Efficiency is defined as 1-Penetration (e.g., 70 percent
efficiency is equal to 0.30 penetration). Penetration is based on
the ratio of the downstream particle concentration to the upstream
concentration. It is often more useful, from a mathematical or
statistical point of view, to discuss the upstream and downstream
counts in terms of penetration rather than the derived efficiency
value. Thus, this document uses both penetration and efficiency as
appropriate.
[[Page 55863]]
2.0 Summary of Method
2.1 This method applies to the determination of the fractional
(i.e., particle size dependent) aerosol penetration of several types
of paint arrestors. Fractional penetration is computed from aerosol
concentrations measured upstream and downstream of an arrestor
installed in a laboratory test rig. The aerosol concentrations
upstream and downstream of the arrestors are measured with an
aerosol analyzer that simultaneously counts and sizes the particles
in the aerosol stream. The aerosol analyzer covers the particle
diameter size range from 0.3 to 10 m in a minimum of 12
contiguous sizing channels. Each sizing channel covers a narrow
range of particle diameters. For example, Channel 1 may cover from
0.3 to 0.4 m, Channel 2 from 0.4 to 0.5 m, * * *
By taking the ratio of the downstream to upstream counts on a
channel by channel basis, the penetration is computed for each of
the sizing channels.
2.2 The upstream and downstream aerosol measurements are made
while injecting the test aerosol into the air stream upstream of the
arrestor (ambient aerosol is removed with HEPA filters on the inlet
of the test rig). This test aerosol spans the particle size range
from 0.3 to 10 m and provides sufficient upstream
concentration in each of the OPC sizing channels to allow accurate
calculation of penetration, down to penetrations of approximately
0.01 (i.e., 1 percent penetration; 99 percent efficiency). Results
are presented as a graph and a data table showing the aerodynamic
particle diameter and the corresponding fractional efficiency.
3.0 Definitions
Aerodynamic Diameter--diameter of a unit density sphere having
the same aerodynamic properties as the particle in question.
Efficiency=1-Penetration.
Optical Particle Counter (OPC)--an instrument that counts
particles by size using light scattering. An OPC gives particle
diameters based on size, index of refraction, and shape.
Penetration--the fraction of the aerosol that penetrates the
filter at a given particle diameter. Penetration equals the
downstream concentration divided by the upstream concentration.
4.0 Interferences
4.1 The influence of the known interferences (particle losses)
are negated by correction of the data using blanks.
5.0 Safety
5.1 There are no specific safety precautions for this method
above those of good laboratory practice. This standard does not
purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated
with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this method to
establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
6.0 Equipment and Supplies
6.1 Test Facility. A schematic diagram of a test duct used in
the development of the method is shown in Figure 319-1.
6.1.1 The test section, paint spray section, and attached
transitions are constructed of stainless and galvanized steel. The
upstream and downstream ducting is 20 cm diameter PVC. The upstream
transition provides a 7 deg. angle of expansion to provide a uniform
air flow distribution to the paint arrestors. Aerosol concentration
is measured upstream and downstream of the test section to obtain
the challenge and penetrating aerosol concentrations, respectively.
Because the downstream ducting runs back under the test section, the
challenge and penetrating aerosol taps are located physically near
each other, thereby facilitating aerosol sampling and reducing
sample-line length. The inlet nozzles of the upstream and downstream
aerosol probes are designed to yield isokinetic sampling conditions.
6.1.2 The physical dimensions of the test duct can deviate from
those of Figure 319-1 provided that the following key elements are
maintained: the test duct must meet the criteria specified in Table
319-1; the inlet air is HEPA-filtered; the blower discharges into
the test duct thereby creating a positive pressure in the duct
relative to the surrounding room; the challenge air has a
temperature between 60 and 80 deg.F and a relative humidity of less
than 70 percent; the angle of the upstream transition (if used) to
the paint arrestor must not exceed 7 deg.; the angle of the
downstream transition (if used) from the paint arrestor must not
exceed 30 deg.; the test duct must provide a means for mixing the
challenge aerosol with the upstream flow (in lieu of any mixing
device, a duct length of 30 duct diameters fulfills this
requirement); the test duct must provide a means for mixing any
penetrating aerosol with the downstream flow (in lieu of any mixing
device, a duct length of 30 duct diameters fulfills this
requirement); the test section must provide a secure and leak-free
mounting for single and multiple stage arrestors; the test duct must
utilize a 180 deg. bend in the downstream duct; the test duct must
be in straight centerline alignment from the point of aerosol
injection to the upstream end of the 180 deg. bend; the test duct
must be in straight centerline alignment from the downstream end of
the 180 deg. bend to the downstream aerosol sample probe; and the
upstream and downstream aerosol sampling probes must be located
directly opposite each other (within a tolerance of 12-inches).
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P
[[Page 55864]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP29OC96.000
BILLING CODE 6560-50-C
[[Page 55865]]
Table 319-1.--QC Control Limits
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Frequency and description Control limits
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
OPC zero count........................ Each Test. OPC samples HEPA-filtered air <50 counts="" per="" minute.="" opc="" sizing="" accuracy="" check.............="" daily.="" sample="" aerosolized="" psl="" spheres...="" peak="" of="" distribution="" should="" be="" in="" correct="" opc="" channel.="" minimum="" counts="" per="" channel="" for="" each="" test...............................="" minimum="" total="" of="" 500="" particle="" challenge="" aerosol.="" counts="" per="" channel.="" maximum="" particle="" concentration........="" each="" test.="" needed="" to="" ensure="" opc="" is="" not=""><20 c="" based="" on="" cumulative="" overloaded.="" count="">0.3 m
diameter.
Standard Deviation of Penetration..... Computed for each test based on the CV <0.10 for="" 0.3-5="">m
of the upstream and downstream counts. diameter; <0.30 for="">5 m diameter.
0% Penetration........................ Monthly................................. <0.01 100%="" penetration--kcl.................="" triplicate="" tests="" performed="" immediately="" 0.3-1="">0.95; 1-3 >0.75; 3-10
before, during, or after triplicate >0.50.
arrestor tests.
100% Penetration--Oleic Acid.......... Triplicate tests performed immediately 0.3-1 >0.95; 1-3 >0.75; 3-10
before, during, or after triplicate >0.50.
arrestor tests.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6.2 Aerosol Generator. The aerosol generator is used to produce
a stable aerosol covering the particle size range from 0.3 to 10
m diameter. The generator used in the development of this
method consists of an air atomizing nozzle positioned at the top of
a 0.30-m (12-in.) diameter, 1.3-m (51-in) tall, acrylic,
transparent, spray tower. This tower allows larger sized particles,
that would otherwise foul the test duct and sample lines, to fall
out of the aerosol. It also adds drying air to ensure that the KCl
droplets dry to solid salt particles. After generation, the aerosol
passes through an aerosol neutralizer (Kr85 radioactive source) to
neutralize any electrostatic charge on the aerosol (electrostatic
charge is an unavoidable consequence of most aerosol generation
methods). To improve the mixing of the aerosol with the air stream,
the aerosol is injected counter to the airflow. Generators of other
designs may be used, but they must produce a stable aerosol
concentration over the 0.3 to 10 m diameter size range;
provide a means of ensuring the complete drying of the KCl aerosol;
and utilize a charge neutralizer to neutralize any electrostatic
charge on the aerosol. The resultant challenge aerosol must meet the
minimum count per channel and maximum concentration criteria of
Table 319-1.
6.3 Frame Dimensions. To secure the arrestor or arrestor media
in the test duct, a mounting frame is necessary. The frame is used
to seal the arrestor into the rig to prevent aerosol laden air
bypassing the arrestor. Since arrestor media are often sold
unmounted, the frame must provide back support for the media in
addition to sealing into the rig. The test frame for the 20'' x
20'' test rig has internal dimensions of 18\1/4\'' square and a
removable wire rod back support. The wire support is used for media
with insufficient internal support.
6.4 Optical Particle Counter. The upstream and downstream
aerosol concentrations are measured with a high resolution optical
particle counter (OPC). To ensure comparability of test results, the
OPC utilize an optical design based white-light wide-angle forward
light scattering encompassing the angles from 15 deg. to 150 deg.
with respect to the incident light and provide a minimum of 12
contiguous particle sizing channels from 0.3 to 10 m
diameter (based on response to PSL) where, for each channel, the
ratio of the diameter corresponding to the upper channel bound to
the lower channel bound must not exceed 1.5.
6.5 Aerosol Sampling System. The upstream and downstream sample
lines must be made of rigid electrically-grounded metallic tubing
having a smooth inside surface, and they must be rigidly secured to
prevent movement during testing. The upstream and downstream sample
lines are to be nominally identical in geometry. The use of a short
length (50 mm maximum) of straight flexible electrically-dissipative
tubing to make the final connection to the OPC is acceptable. The
inlet nozzles of the upstream and downstream probes must be sharp-
edged and of appropriate entrance diameter to maintain isokinetic
sampling within 10 percent of the air velocity. The system must be
designed to allow repeated sequential upstream--downstream sampling.
Sufficient time must be allowed between each upstream to downstream
and downstream to upstream switch to minimize cross contamination in
the resultant OPC measurement (verified per 11.3).
6.6 Airflow Monitor. The volumetric airflow through the system
may be measured with a calibrated orifice flow nozzle or by use of a
velocity probe. If a velocity probe is used, traverse measurements
(Figure 319-2) across the duct (12-point equal area traverse for
round ducts, 9-point equal area traverse for square ducts) must be
performed to allow accurate determination of volumetric flow (i.e.
average velocity x cross sectional area of duct). The flow orifice
and velocity probe must have an accuracy of 5 percent or better. The
resolution of the velocity probe must be 5 percent of reading or
better.
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P
[[Page 55866]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP29OC96.001
6560-50-C
[[Page 55867]]
7.0 Reagents and Standards.
7.1 The liquid test aerosol is reagent grade, 98 percent pure,
oleic acid (Table 319-2). The solid test aerosol is KCl aerosolized
from a solution of 20 percent KCl in water. In addition to the test
aerosol, a calibration aerosol of monodisperse polystyrene latex
(PSL) spheres are used to verify the calibration of the OPC.
Table 319-2.--Properties of the Test and Calibration Aerosols
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Density, g/
Refractive index cm\3\ Shape
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oleic Acid (liquid-phase challenge 1.46 non absorbing.......................... 0.89 Spherical.
aerosol).
KCI (solid-phase challenge aerosol)..... 1.49........................................ 1.98 Cubic or agglomerated cubes.
PSL (calibration aerosol)............... 1.59 nonabsorbing........................... 1.05 Spherical.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8.0 Sample Collection, Preservation, and Storage
8.1 In this test, all sampling occurs in real-time, thus no
samples are collected that require preservation or storage during
the test. The paint arrestors are shipped and stored to avoid
structural damage or soiling. Each arrestor may be shipped in its
original box from the manufacturer or similar cardboard box.
Arrestors are stored at the test site in a location that keeps them
clean and dry. Each arrestor is clearly labeled for tracking
purposes.
9.0 Quality Control
9.1 Table 319-1 lists the QC control limits.
9.2 The standard deviation () of the penetration (P)
for a given test at each of the 15 OPC sizing channels is computed
from the coefficient of variation (CV, the standard deviation
divided by the mean) of the upstream and downstream measurements as:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP29OC96.005
For a properly operating system, the standard deviation of the
penetration is < 0.10="" at="" particle="" diameters="" from="" 0.3="" to="" 5="">m
and less than 0.30 at diameters > 5 m.
9.3 Data Quality Indicators. Data Quality Objectives (DQO).
9.3.1 Fractional Penetration. From the triplicate tests of each
paint arrestor model, the standard deviation for the penetration
measurements at each particle size (i.e., for each sizing channel of
the OPC) is computed as:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP29OC96.006
Where Pi represents an individual penetration measurement, and
P the average of the 3 (n = 3) individual measurements.
9.3.2 Bias of the fractional penetration values is determined
from triplicate no-filter and HEPA filter tests. These tests
determine the measurement bias at 100 percent penetration and 0
percent penetration, respectively.
9.3.3 PSL-Equivalent Light Scattering Diameter. The precision
and bias of the OPC sizing determination are based on sampling three
known diameter sizes of PSL and noting whether the particle counts
peak in the correct channel of the OPC. This is a pass/fail
measurement with no calculations involved.
9.3.4 Flow Velocity. The precision of the measurement is 5
percent of the set point as read with the thermal anemometer. The
maximum acceptable bias is 20 percent based on a comparison of the
thermal anemometer to pitot tube readings.
10.0 Calibration and Standardization
10.1 Optical Particle Counter. The OPC must have an up-to-date
factory calibration (i.e., calibrated within prior 6 months). Check
the OPC zero at the beginning and end of each test by sampling HEPA-
filtered air. Verify the sizing accuracy at the beginning of the
measurement program with three sizes of PSL spheres and then on a
daily basis (for days when tests are performed) with 1-size PSL
spheres.
10.2 Flow Velocity. Airflow orifice plates and velocity probes
must have an accuracy of 5 percent or better. Manometers used in
conjunction with the orifice plate must be inspected prior to use
for proper level, zero, and mechanical integrity. Tubing connections
to the manometer must be free from kinks and have secure
connections.
10.3 Pressure Drop. Measure pressure drop across the paint
arrestor with an inclined manometer readable to within 0.01 in.
H2O. Prior to use, the level and zero of the manometer, and all
tubing connections, must be inspected and adjusted as needed.
11.0 Procedure
11.1 Filtration Efficiency. For both the oleic acid and KCl
challenges, this procedure is performed in triplicate using a new
arrestor for each test.
11.1.1 General Information and Test Duct Preparation
11.1.1.1 Use the ``Test Run Sheet'' form (Figure 319-3) to
record the test information.
11.1.1.2 Record the date, time, test operator, Test #, paint
arrestor brand/model and its assigned ID number. For tests with no
arrestor, record none.
11.1.1.3 Ensure that the arrestor is undamaged and is in
``new'' condition.
11.1.1.4 Mount the arrestor in the appropriate frame. Inspect
for any airflow leak paths.
Run Sheet
Part 1. General Information
Date and Time: ____________________ Test Operator:
________________ Test #: ____________
Paint Arrestor: Brand/Model ____________________
Arrestor Assigned ID #____________
Condition of arrestor (i.e., is there any damage? Must be new
condition to proceed): ________________
Manometer zero and level confirmed? ____________
Part 2. Clean Efficiency Test
Date and Time: ____________________
Optical Particle 20 min. warm up ____________
Counter:
Zero count (<50 counts/min)="" ____________="" daily="" psl="" check="" ____________="" psl="" diam:="" ____________="">m
File name for OPC data: ________________
Test Conditions:
Air Flow: ____________
Temp & RH: Temp ____________F RH ____________
Atm. Pressure: ____________ inch Hg (from mercury barometer)
Aerosol Generator:
Record all
Operating
[[Page 55868]]
Parameters
Test Aerosol:
(Oleic acid or KCl) ____________
Arrestor:
Pressure drop: at start ____________ inch H2O at end
____________ inch H2O
Condition of arrestor at end of test (note any phys.
deterioration)
Figure 319-3. Test run sheet
11.1.1.5 Install frame-mounted arrestor in the test duct.
Remove the downstream window and examine the installed arrestor to
verify that it is sealed in the duct. For tests with no arrestor,
install the empty frame.
11.1.1.6 Visually confirm the manometer zero and level. Adjust
as needed.
11.1.2 Clean Efficiency Test
11.1.2.1 Record the date and time upon beginning this section.
11.1.2.2 Optical Particle Counter
11.1.2.2.1 General: Operate the OPC per the manufacturer's
instructions allowing a minimum of 20 minutes warm up before making
any measurements.
11.1.2.2.2 Overload: The OPC will yield inaccurate data if the
aerosol concentration it is attempting to measure exceeds its
operating limit. To ensure reliable measurements, the maximum
aerosol concentration will not exceed 10 percent of the
manufacturer's claimed concentration limit. If this value is
exceeded, reduce the aerosol concentration until the acceptable
conditions are met.
11.1.2.2.3 Zero Count: Connect a HEPA capsule to the inlet of
the OPC and obtain printouts for three samples (each a minimum of 1-
minute each). Record maximum cumulative zero count. If the count
rate exceeds 50 counts per minute, the OPC requires servicing before
continuing.
11.1.2.2.4 PSL Check of OPC Calibration: Confirm the
calibration of the OPC by sampling a known size PSL aerosol.
Aerosolize the PSL using an appropriate nebulizer. Record whether
the peak count is observed in the proper channel. If the peak is not
seen in the appropriate channel, have the OPC recalibrated.
11.1.2.3 Test Conditions:
11.1.2.3.1 Airflow: The test airflow corresponds to a nominal
face velocity of 120 FPM through the arrestor. For arrestors having
nominal 20'' x 20'' face dimensions, this measurement corresponds
to an airflow of 333 cfm. For arrestors have nominal face dimensions
of 24'' x 24'', this measurement corresponds to an airflow of 480
cfm.
11.1.2.3.2 Temperature and Relative Humidity: The temperature
and relative humidity of the challenge air stream will be measured
to within an accuracy of 2 deg.F and 5
percent RH. To protect the probe from fouling, it may be removed
during periods of aerosol generation.
11.1.2.3.3 Barometric Pressure: Use a mercury barometer. Record
the atmospheric pressure.
11.1.2.4 Upstream and Downstream Background Counts
11.1.2.4.1 With the arrestor installed in the test duct and the
airflow set at the proper value, turn on the data acquisition
computer and bring up the data acquisition program.
11.1.2.4.2 Set the OPC settings for the appropriate test sample
duration with output for both printer and computer data collection.
11.1.2.4.3 Obtain 1 set of upstream-downstream background
measurements.
11.1.2.4.4 After obtaining the upstream-downstream
measurements, stop data acquisition.
11.1.2.5 Efficiency Measurements:
11.1.2.5.1 Record the arrestor pressure drop.
11.1.2.5.2 Turn on the Aerosol Generator. Begin aerosol
generation and record the operating parameters.
11.1.2.5.3 Monitor the particle counts. Allow a minimum of 10
minutes for the generator to stabilize.
11.1.2.5.4 Confirm that the total particle count does not
exceed the predetermined upper limit. Adjust generator as needed.
11.1.2.5.5 Confirm that a minimum of 50 particle counts are
measured in the upstream sample in each of the OPC channels per
sample. Adjust generator or sample time as needed.
11.1.2.5.6 If you are unable to obtain a stable concentration
within the concentration limit and with the 50 count minimum per
channel, adjust the aerosol generator.
11.1.2.5.7 When the counts are stable, perform repeated
upstream-downstream sequential sampling until of 10 upstream-
downstream measurements are obtained. (Note, begin data acquisition
with upstream sampling.)
11.1.2.5.8 After collection of the 10 upstream-downstream
samples, stop data acquisition and allow 2 more minutes for final
purging of generator.
11.1.2.5.9 Obtain 1 additional set of upstream-downstream
background samples.
11.1.2.5.10 After obtaining the upstream-downstream background
samples, stop data acquisition.
11.1.2.5.11 Record the arrestor pressure drop.
11.1.2.5.12 Turn off blower.
11.1.2.5.13 Remove the paint arrestor assembly from the test
duct. Note any signs of physical deterioration.
11.1.2.5.14 Remove the arrestor from the frame and place the
arrestor in an appropriate storage bag.
11.2 Control Test: 100 Percent Penetration Test. Three 100
percent penetration tests must be performed as part of each test
series. These tests are performed with no arrestor installed in the
test housing. This test is relatively stringent test of the adequacy
of the overall duct, sampling, measurement, and aerosol generation
system. The test is performed as a normal penetration test except
the paint arrestor is not used. A perfect system would yield a
measured penetration of 1 at all particle sizes. Deviations from 1
can occur due to particle losses in the duct, differences in the
degree of aerosol uniformity (i.e., mixing) at the upstream and
downstream probes, and differences in particle transport efficiency
in the upstream and downstream sampling lines.
11.3 Control Test: 0 Percent Penetration. One 0 percent
penetration test must be performed as part of each test series. The
test is performed by using a HEPA filter rather than a paint
arrestor. This test assesses the adequacy of the instrument response
time and sample line lag.
12.0 Data Analysis and Calculations
12.1 Analysis. The analytical procedures for the fractional
penetration and flow velocity measurements are described in Section
11. Note that the primary measurement, that of the upstream and
downstream aerosol concentrations, are performed with the OPC which
acquires the sample and analyzes it in real time. Because all the
test data is collected in real time, there are no analytical
procedures performed subsequent to the actual test, only data
analysis.
12.2 Calculations
12.2.1 Penetration
Nomenclature
U=Upstream particle count
D=Downstream particle count
Ub=Upstream background count
Db=Downstream background count
P100=100 percent penetration value determined in triplicate no
filter tests
P=Penetration corrected for P100
=Sample standard deviation
CV=Coefficient of variation=/mean
E=Efficiency.
Overbar denotes arithmetic mean of quantity.
Analysis of each test involves the following quantities:
P100 value for each sizing channel from the no
filter tests.
2 upstream background values.
2 downstream background values.
10 upstream values with aerosol generator on, and
10 downstream values with aerosol generator on.
Using the values associated with each sizing channel, the
[[Page 55869]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP29OC96.007
penetration associated with each particle sizing channel is
calculated as:
Most often, the background levels are small compared to the
values when the aerosol generator is on.
12.3 The relationship between the physical diameter
(DPhysical) as measured by the OPC to the aerodynamic diameter
(DAero) is given by:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP29OC96.008
Where:
o=unit density of 1 g/cm3.
Particle=the density of the particle, 0.89 g/cm3
for oleic acid.
CCFPhysical=the Cunningham Correction Factor at DPhysical.
CCFAero=the Cunningham Correction Factor at DAero.
12.4 Presentation of Results. The test results must be
presented in both graphical and tabular form.
12.4.1 The X-axis of the graph will be a logarithmic scale of
aerodynamic diameter from 0.1 to 100 m. The Y-axis will be
Penetration on a linear scale from 0 to 1. Plots for each individual
run and a plot of the average of triplicate solid-phase and of the
average triplicate liquid-phase tests must be prepared. All plots
are to based on point-to-point plotting (i.e., no curve fitting is
to be used). The data are to be plotted based on the geometric mean
diameter of each of the OPC's sizing channels.
12.4.2 Tabulated data from each test must be provided. The data
must include the upper and lower diameter bound and geometric mean
diameter of each of the OPC sizing channels, the background particle
counts for each channel for each sample, the upstream particle
counts for each channel for each sample, the downstream particle
counts for each channel for each sample, the 100 percent penetration
values computed for each channel, and the 0 percent penetration
values computed for each channel.
13.0 Pollution Prevention
13.1 The quantities of materials to be aerosolized should be
prepared in accord with the amount needed for the current tests so
as to prevent wasteful excess.
14.0 Waste Management
14.1 Paint arrestors may be returned to originator, if
requested, or disposed of with regular laboratory waste.
15.0 References
1. Hanley, J.T., D.D. Smith and L. Cox. ``Fractional Penetration
of Paint Overspray Arrestors, Draft Final Report,'' EPA Cooperative
Agreement CR-817083-01-0, January 1994.
2. Hanley, J.T., D.D. Smith, and D.S. Ensor. ``Define a
Fractional Efficiency Test Method that is Compatible with
Particulate Removal Air Cleaners Used in General Ventilation,''
Final Report, 671-RP, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating,
and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., December 1993.
3. ``Project Work and Quality Assurance Plan: Fractional
Penetration of Paint Overspray Arrestors, Category II,'' EPA
Cooperative Agreement No. CR-817083, July 1994.
[FR Doc. 96-27307 Filed 10-28-96; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P
