[Federal Register Volume 62, Number 192 (Friday, October 3, 1997)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 51976-51991]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 97-25745]
[[Page 51975]]
_______________________________________________________________________
Part II
Department of Energy
_______________________________________________________________________
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
_______________________________________________________________________
10 CFR Part 430
Energy Conservation Program for Consumer Products: Test Procedure for
Kitchen Ranges, Cooktops, Ovens, and Microwave Ovens; Final Rule
Federal Register / Vol. 62, No. 192 / Friday, October 3, 1997 / Rules
and Regulations
[[Page 51976]]
DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
10 CFR Part 430
[Docket No. EE-RM-94-230]
RIN 1904-AA-52
Energy Conservation Program for Consumer Products: Test Procedure
for Kitchen Ranges, Cooktops, Ovens, and Microwave Ovens
AGENCY: Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Department of
Energy.
ACTION: Final rule.
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SUMMARY: The Department of Energy (DOE or the Department) is amending
its test procedure for kitchen ranges, cooktops, ovens, and microwave
ovens. Generally, this rulemaking incorporates portions of the
International Electrotechnical Commission Standard 705 and Amendment 2
thereto, and updates the annual useful cooking energy for kitchen
ranges, cooktops, ovens, and microwave ovens.
EFFECTIVE DATES: This rule is effective November 3, 1997. The
incorporation by reference of portions of International
Electrotechnical Commission Standard 705 (referred to as IEC 705) and
Amendment 2 thereto (referred to as Amendment 2) as referenced below is
approved by the Director of the Federal Register as of November 3,
1997.
ADDRESSES: The Department of Energy (DOE or the Department) is
incorporating by reference the following industry consensus test
standard upon publication of this final rule.
1. IEC 705, ``Methods for Measuring the Performance of Microwave
Ovens for Household and Similar Purposes,'' Section 4, Methods of
Measurement, Paragraph 13 ``Electrical Power Input Measurement,'' and
Paragraph 14 ``Efficiency'' (1988).
2. IEC 705, Amendment 2, ``Methods for Measuring the Performance of
Microwave Ovens for Household and Similar Purposes,'' Section 4,
Methods of Measurement, Paragraph 12 ``Microwave Power Output
Measurement'' (1993).
Documents incorporated by reference may be viewed at the Department
of Energy Freedom of Information Reading Room, U.S. Department of
Energy, Forrestal Building, Room 1E-190, 1000 Independence Avenue, SW,
Washington, DC 20585, (202) 586-3142, between the hours of 9:00 a.m.
and 4:00 p.m., Monday through Friday, except Federal holidays. Copies
of the International Electrotechnical Commission publications can be
obtained from the American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd
Street, New York, New York 10036, (212) 642-4936.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Terry Logee, U.S. Department of
Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Mail Station
EE-43, Forrestal Building, 1000 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington,
D.C. 20585-0121, (202) 586-1689, FAX (202) 586-4617,
terry.logee@ee.doe.gov.
Francine Pinto, Esq., U.S. Department of Energy, Office of General
Counsel, Mail Station GC-72, Forrestal Building, 1000 Independence
Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20585-0103, (202) 586-7432,
francine.pinto@hq.doe.gov.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
I. Introduction
A. Background
II. Discussion
A. Cooking Appliances Generally
B. Cooktops, Ranges, and Ovens
C. Microwave Ovens
III. Determination Concerning the Impact of the Amended Test
Procedure on Standards
IV. Procedural Requirements
A. Review Under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969
B. Review Under Executive Order 12866, ``Regulatory Planning and
Review''
C. Review Under the Regulatory Flexibility Act of 1980
D. ``Takings'' Assessment Review
E. Federalism Review
F. Review Under Section 32 of the Federal Energy Administration
Act of 1974
G. Review Under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980
H. Review Under Executive Order 12988, ``Civil Justice Reform''
I. Review Under the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995
J. Congressional Notification
I. Introduction
A. Background
Part B of Title III of the Energy Policy and Conservation Act, as
amended (EPCA or the Act), establishes the Energy Conservation Program
for Consumer Products Other Than Automobiles (Program).1 The
products currently subject to this Program (often called hereafter
``covered products'') include kitchen ranges, cooktops, ovens, and
microwave ovens, which are the subject of today's notice.
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\1\ Part B of Title III of EPCA, as amended, is referred to in
this final rule as ``EPCA'' or the ``Act.'' Part B of Title III has
been redesignated as Part A for purposes of codification. It is
codified at 42 U.S.C.
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Under the Act, the Program consists essentially of three parts:
testing, labeling, and Federal energy conservation standards. The
Department, in consultation with the National Institute of Standards
and Technology (formerly the National Bureau of Standards), is required
to amend or establish new test procedures as appropriate for each of
the covered products. Section 323 of EPCA, 42 U.S.C. 6293. The purpose
of test procedures is to produce test results which measure energy
efficiency, energy use, water use (in the case of showerheads, faucets,
water closets and urinals), or estimated annual operating cost of a
covered product during a representative average use cycle or period of
use. The test procedure must not be unduly burdensome to conduct.
Section 323 (b)(3) of EPCA, 42 U.S.C. 6293 (b)(3).
DOE is required to determine to what extent, if any, an amended
test procedure would alter the measured energy efficiency, measured
energy use, or measured water use of any covered product as determined
under the existing test procedure. Section 323(e)(1) of EPCA, 42 U.S.C.
6293(e)(1).
One hundred and eighty days after a test procedure for a product is
prescribed or established, no manufacturer, distributor, retailer, or
private labeler may make representations with respect to energy use,
efficiency, or the cost of energy consumed by products covered by this
rule, except as reflected in tests conducted according to the new or
amended DOE test procedure and such representations fairly disclose the
results of such tests. Section 323(c)(2) of EPCA, 42 U.S.C. 6293(c)(2).
Thus, beginning on April 1, 1998, representations with respect to the
products covered by this rule must be consistent with this amended test
procedure.
On May 10, 1978, the Department published the current test
procedure for conventional ranges, cooking tops, ovens, and microwave/
conventional ranges, 43 FR 20120. These procedures are codified at 10
CFR Part 430, Subpart B, Appendix I. On March 23, 1995, (60 FR 15330),
DOE published a proposed rule to amend the current test procedure.
On July 23, 1997, DOE made available to the public copies of a
version of this final rule issued on July 17, 1997. That version was
not published in the Federal Register. Today, DOE publishes this final
rule as a substitute for the version issued on July 17, 1997. Today's
final rule contains clarifying, non-substantive changes from the
version distributed in July.
[[Page 51977]]
II. Discussion
A. Cooking Appliances Generally
1. Combined Component Efficiency
DOE proposed to sum the efficiencies of components to calculate the
efficiency of combined components (range, microwave/oven or microwave/
range). Two commenters stated that the calculation of energy efficiency
for all combined components was incorrect in the proposed test
procedure. (AHAM, No. 3 at 3; No. 33 Attachment 2 at 2; July 12, 1995
transcript at 46; Whirlpool, No. 28 at 2.) 2
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\2\ Written comments will be referenced by their assigned
number.
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DOE has corrected the proposed section 4.3, ``Combined
Components,'' by removing the requirement to add efficiencies for
combined components. The Final Rule provides no method for calculating
the efficiencies for combined components because appropriate usage
factors could not be determined.
2. Surface Temperature Probe Tolerance
DOE proposed that the tolerance for the surface temperature probe,
Section 2.9.3.5, ``Temperature Indicator System for Measuring Surface
Temperatures,'' should be changed to 0.45 deg.F. Several
commenters, stated that the surface temperature probe tolerance of
0.45 deg.F for surface temperature measurement is overly
strict and that the tolerance should be 1 deg.F as stated
in the existing test procedure. (Weizeorick, No.3 at 2; July 12, 1995
Transcript at 45; Whirlpool, No. 28 at 2; and AHAM, No. 33 Attachment 2
at 2.) DOE agrees with these comments and will continue to use a
tolerance of 1 deg.F for the surface temperature probe.
3. Comments Regarding Energy Conservation Standards for Cooking
Products
Several commenters included statements on issues concerning
standards for cooking products in their written comments. (Whirlpool,
No. 28 at 2-3; Weizeorick, No. 3 at 6; Donovan et al., No. 47 at 1-2;
AHAM, No. 33 at 2, Attachment 3A and Attachment 3C at 6 and 10; Sharp
Electronics, No. 40 at 13.) However, this rulemaking is strictly
limited to promulgating test procedures for cooktops, ranges, ovens and
microwave ovens. Therefore, these comments are outside the scope of
this proceeding and will be addressed in the rulemaking entitled;
``Final Rule Regarding Energy Conservation Standards for Kitchen
Ranges, Ovens, and Microwave Ovens,'' Docket No. EE-RM-93-201.
B. Cooktops, Ranges and Ovens
1. Annual Useful Cooking Energy
In the proposed rule, DOE proposed to modify the annual useful
cooking energy from the existing test procedure for each product class
to reflect the change in cooking trends in the United States as
follows: electric ovens from 47.09 kWh/yr (169.5 MJ/yr) to 35.5 kWh/yr
(105.5 MJ/yr), gas ovens from 160.7 kBtu/yr (169.547 kJ/yr) to 124.2
kBtu/yr (131,038 kJ/yr), electric cooktops from 277.7 kWh/yr (1000 MJ/
yr) to 209.4 kWh/yr (752.4 MJ/yr), gas cooktops from 947.5 kBtu/yr
(999,600 kJ/yr) to 732.5 kBtu/yr (772,800 kJ/yr).
Several commenters contended that the proposed rule overstated the
annual energy use of cooktops, ovens, and ranges. (AHAM, July 12, 1995
transcript at 38, 42-44, 47-48; Weizeorick, No. 3 at 1-3, 5; American
Gas Association, No. 25 at 4-5; Whirlpool No. 28 at 1-2; Battelle, No.
46 at 2-6.) AHAM and Whirlpool commented that the annual energy
consumption of electric cooktops should be lowered from 209.4 kWh/yr to
157.0 kWh/yr based on a Northern Illinois Gas Study. (AHAM, No. 33 at 2
and Whirlpool, No. 28 at 1.)
In response to these comments, the Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory (LBNL) analyzed an extensive collection of studies including
those identified by commenters to obtain today's revised values of
annual useful cooking energy. The studies analyzed include: Gas
Research Institute Report: ``Topical Report, Metered Ranges, Cooktops,
and Ovens in the Northern Illinois Gas Residential Load Study Data
Base,'' GRI-93/0204, July 1993; ``Electric Oven and Cooktop Data
Analysis,'' prepared for the Association of Home Appliance
Manufacturers by Arthur D. Little, Reference 47066, July 15, 1994;
Electric Power Research Institute (CU-6952), ``Residential Energy Usage
Comparison Project: An Overview,'' October 1990; Lawrence Berkeley
National Laboratory (LBL-33717), ``Baseline Data for the Residential
Sector and Development of a Residential Forecasting Database,'' May
1994; Electric Power Research Institute (CU-7392), ``Residential Energy
Usage Comparison: Findings,'' August 1991; and Electric Power Research
Institute (CU-6487), ``Residential End-Use Energy Consumption: A Survey
of Conditional Demand and Estimates,'' October 1989. Copies of these
studies are available for inspection in DOE's Freedom of Information
Reading Room.
Based on the data from the above-referenced studies, DOE calculated
a weighted average of the annual useful cooking energy for all cooking
products. For estimates of annual useful cooking energy for
conventional electric cooktops and ovens, and also for gas cooktops and
ovens, only the latest metered data were included. Data used in the
analysis shows the trend in cooking usage has been downward and shows
indications that there are regional differences and year-to-year
fluctuations in cooking usage. No regional effects were included in
this analysis.
Accordingly, DOE has lowered the annual useful cooking energy of
each product class in this final rule to make it representative of
current United States cooking patterns. These quantities are being
lowered to 29.3 kWh/yr for electric ovens, 88.8 kBtu/yr for gas ovens,
173.1 kWh/yr for electric cooktops and 527.6 kBtu/yr for gas cooktops.
2. Elimination of Continuous Flow Calorimeter
In the proposed rule, the Department eliminated the requirement to
use a standard continuous flow calorimeter for gas cooking products
because of the limited availability of this instrument. This change was
favorably received by all commenters. (Weizeorick, No. 3 at 2 and
Whirlpool, No. 28 at 2.)
In the final test procedure, DOE allows the manufacturer to choose
the instrument to be substituted for the standard continuous flow
calorimeter. Additionally, DOE requires in section 2.9.4, ``Heating
Value,'' that the heating value of natural or propane gas shall be
measured with an instrument and associated indicator readout device of
a maximum error no greater than .5 percent of the measured
value and a resolution of .2 percent or less of the full
scale reading of the indicator instrument.
3. Convection Mode Testing
In the proposed test procedure, DOE added sections 3.2.1,
``Conventional oven test energy consumption'' and subsection 3.3.5 of
section 3.3, ``Recorded Values,'' to include convection mode testing.
AHAM, Weizeorick and Whirlpool supported these changes in the final
test procedures. (Weizeorick, No. 3 at 4; Whirlpool, No. 33 Attachment
2 at 3; July 12, 1995 transcript at 47; Whirlpool, No. 28 at p.2). In
the final test procedure, DOE adopted the changes as originally
proposed.
4. Electric Clock
DOE proposed that during testing, the electrical clock which uses
energy continuously be disconnected, except for microwave ovens.
Weizeorick states that it is impossible to disconnect an
[[Page 51978]]
electric clock for ranges that have circuits which control the oven and
cooktop unit temperatures in conjunction with a clock. (Weizeorick, No.
3 at 4, AHAM, No. 33 Attachment 2 at 2; July 12, 1995 transcript at 46-
47.)
DOE agrees that several ranges employ circuits which control the
oven and cooktop unit temperatures in conjunction with a clock that
cannot be disconnected. Therefore, several sections of the final test
procedure have been modified to address this issue. Section 3.2.1.4,
``Clock Power.'' is modified to state that the power rating or the
measurement of a continuously operating clock that is an integral part
of the timing or temperature control circuit which cannot be
disconnected during the test may be multiplied by the applicable test
period to obtain test energy consumption in watt-hours (kJ). This
procedure is used to calculate annual clock energy consumption for
electric clocks that cannot be disconnected. Language has also been
added to the following sections to subtract the energy consumed by the
clock during testing when the clock cannot be disconnected: Section
2.1, ``Installation''; section 3.2.1, ``Conventional oven test energy
consumption''; section 3.2.1.1, ``Conventional oven average test energy
consumption''; section 3.2.1.2, ``Energy consumption of self-cleaning
operation'; section 3.2.1.4, ``Clock power''; and section 3.2.2,
``Conventional surface unit test energy consumption.''
5. Number of Self-Cleaning Oven Cycles Per Year
In the existing and proposed test procedure, section 4.1.2.3.1,
``Annual primary energy consumption'' and section 4.1.2.3.2, ``Annual
secondary energy consumption for self-cleaning operation of gas
ovens,'' DOE uses 11 self-cleaning cycles per year for electric ovens
and 7 for gas ovens.
Two commenters stated that DOE's number of self-cleaning cycles of
11 and 7 for gas and electric ovens respectively were too high and it
should be 4 for both electric and gas ovens as reflected in internal
marketing data. (Weizeorick, No. 3 at 2-3; AHAM, No. 33, Attachment 2
at 2, July 12, 1995 transcript at 45-46; Whirlpool, No. 28 at 2.) In
response to several comments, DOE has reduced the number of self-
cleaning oven cycles per year for gas and electric ovens. DOE agrees
with the figures used by the Gas Research Institute in a 1994 Gas
Research Institute Topical Report (GRI-94/0195) and has changed the
number of self-cleaning cycles per year to 4 for gas and electric
ovens.
6. Change of Symbol Representing Number of Hours Per Year--
HK
In the existing and proposed test procedure, DOE uses the symbol
``HK'' to represent the number of hours in a year.
Weizeorick commented that the symbol ``HK'' in section
4.1.2.4, ``Annual clock energy consumption'' should be changed to ``A''
because the symbol ``H'' is traditionally used to represent heating
values. (Weizeorick, No. 3 at 4.) DOE agrees and is substituting the
character ``A'' for ``HK'' in sections 4.1.2.4, ``Annual
clock energy consumption'' and 4.2.2.2, ``Annual energy consumption of
any continuously burning gas pilots.''
7. Editorial Error in Section 3.1.1, ``Conventional Oven''
DOE has corrected an editorial error in section 3.1.1, paragraph 2.
The following language has been changed: ``If the oven * * *, (180.6
deg.C) air temperature'' to ``If the oven * * *, (180.6 deg.C) higher
than the room ambient air temperature.''
C. Microwave Ovens
1. Annual Useful Cooking Energy
In its Proposed Rule, DOE proposed to modify the annual useful
cooking energy from the existing test procedure for microwave ovens to
reflect the change in cooking trends in the United States. Use of
microwave ovens was proposed to be increased from 34.2 kWh/yr (123 MJ/
yr) to 77.3 kWh/yr (278.3 MJ/yr).
Several commenters contended that the proposal overstated the
annual energy consumption of microwave ovens. (AHAM, No. 33 Attachment
2 at 3; Whirlpool, No. 28 at 2-3). Joy Weis Daniel, representing both
AHAM and Sharp Electronics Company, stated that DOE should use 100 kWh/
yr for annual energy consumption of microwave ovens based on an average
of several metered studies. Their recommendation was based on metered
studies which included: the Sierra Pacific EIP Study 1988, Southern
California Edison 1990, Southern California Edison 1991, Utility
Estimates Study 1991, and three studies reported in baseline data 1994.
(Daniel, No. 4 at 6; AHAM, No. 33, Attachment 3B; Sharp, No. 40 at 7-9
and Exhibit C.)
In response to these comments, LBNL analyzed the microwave oven
studies including those identified by commenters. The studies analyzed
include: American Electric Power (AEP)/Residential Energy Consumption
Survey (RECS), AEP Report ``Utility Estimates of Household Appliance
Electricity Consumption,'' March 16, 1992, reported in RECS ``Household
Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1990,'' DOE/EIA-0321(90), February
1993; Southern California Edison, ``Residential Appliance End-Use
Survey'' for 1990 and 1991; and the 1988 Sierra Pacific EIP Study
included in the Electric Power Research Institute (CU-6487),
``Residential End-Use Energy Consumption: A Survey of Conditional
Demand and Estimates,'' October 1989. Copies of these studies are
available for inspection in DOE's Freedom of Information Reading Room.
Based on the data from the above-referenced studies, DOE calculated
a weighted average of the annual useful cooking energy for microwave
ovens. For the estimate of annual useful cooking energy, both
conditional demand analyses (CDA) and metered study data were included
due to the limited data available. Since the metered studies are only
from California, the Department believes it is necessary to include the
CDA studies to get broader national representation including New York,
Florida, Maryland and Texas. This analysis shows that annual useful
cooking energy for microwave ovens is 79.8 kWh/yr. Today's final test
procedure reflects this revised value.
2. Microwave Clock Energy
In the proposed rule, DOE included the clock energy in the
calculation of annual energy consumption for microwave ovens. It
accomplished this by incorporating paragraph 12 of IEC 705 Amendment 2-
1993, ``Microwave Power Output Measurement.'' No comments were
received. The final rule remains unchanged from the proposed rule.
3. Amend the DOE Test Procedure To Reference Portions of IEC 705 and
Amendment 2
In the proposed rule, a definition of IEC 705 was added in section
1.5 and several sections of the test procedure were amended to
reference portions of IEC 705 or Amendment 2 as follows: (1) Section
2.1.3, ``Microwave Ovens''; (2) section 2.5, ``Ambient Room Air
Temperature''; (3) new section 2.8, ``Microwave Oven Test Load''; (4)
section 2.9.3.1, ``Room Temperature Indicating System''; (5) section
2.9.3.4, ``Test Load Temperature''; (6) section 2.9.5, ``Scale''; (7)
new section 3.1.3.1, ``Microwave Oven Test Energy or Power Output'';
(8) section 3.2.3, ``Microwave Oven Test Energy Consumption and Power
Input''; (9) section 4.4.2, ``Microwave Oven Test Power Output''; and
(10) section 4.4.4, ``Microwave Oven Cooking Efficiency.'' The final
rule reflects these changes. No
[[Page 51979]]
comments were received on these proposed changes.
4. Editorial Error in Section 4.4.1
In the proposed test procedure, the equation in section 4.4.1,
``Microwave oven test energy'', yields an answer that is incorrect by a
factor of 1000. DOE corrected this problem in the final test procedure
by changing the conversion factor ``HE'' from
``HE=(3.412 Btu/Wh) 3.6 kJ/Wh to ``HE=(3,412 Btu/
kWh) 3,600 kJ/kWh.''
5. Usage of Watt Meter and Watt-Hour Meter
DOE proposed the continued use of a watt-hour meter during
microwave oven operation to measure energy consumption, also known as
energy input, while performing the test procedure. DOE stated that the
watt-hour meter is more accurate than a watt meter. The watt-hour meter
measures all transient energy,\3\ whereas the watt meter does not.
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\3\ Transient energy is the energy consumed to warm up the
magnetron and any fluctuations during microwave use.
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Several commenters disagreed with DOE's decision to use a watt-hour
meter to determine the energy consumption of microwave ovens. AHAM took
the position that a watt meter is sufficient to measure energy
consumption. It contended that the power measured by the watt meter
multiplied by the duration of the test, which is measured by the stop
watch or timer, will yield an accurate measurement of energy
consumption. (AHAM, No. 33, Attachment 3A and Attachment 3C; July 12,
1995 transcript at 62.) Sharp Electronics Corporation argued that DOE's
claim that the watt-hour meter is more accurate is not supported by
data. (Sharp, No. 40 at 5; July 12, 1995 transcript at 60.)
None of the commenters provided any data to demonstrate that the
energy consumption calculation based on measurements from a watt meter
and timer are comparable in accuracy to those derived directly from a
watt-hour meter. Since a watt meter, as is used in IEC 705 to measure
power, measures instantaneous power, an accurate energy calculation
based on watts measured by a watt meter can only be made by summing
instantaneous power measurements over small time increments, thus
capturing the energy transients and mimicking a watt-hour meter. While
it is possible to calculate energy consumption from measurements of
power and time, the IEC test procedure itself does not contain a
requirement to determine energy consumption nor does it provide a
procedure for making that calculation. The Department believes the more
appropriate, more accurate, and less burdensome way to measure energy
consumption is by using a watt-hour meter rather than measuring power
using a watt meter and a calculation procedure to determine energy
consumption. Moreover, the watt-hour meter is typically used to measure
electricity use in homes and commercial buildings.
6. Application of the ``Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade''
Requiring Incorporation of IEC Standard 705
Sharp Electronics Corporation contends that DOE is legally
obligated to incorporate IEC 705 and Amendment 2. Sharp relies upon
Article 2.4 in the ``Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade,''
(Agreement) a part of the ``World Trade Organization Agreement,'' to
make its argument. Article 2.4 provides that where technical
regulations are required and relevant international standards exist or
their completion is imminent, member nations shall use such standards
as a basis for their technical regulations, with certain exceptions.
Sharp claims that IEC 705 constitutes an international technical
standard applicable to measuring energy efficiency of microwave ovens.
(Sharp, No. 40 at 4-6 and Exhibit B.)
Article 2.4 does not apply to the promulgation of a test procedure.
The definition of ``technical regulation'' within the Agreement refers
to mandatory product standards. Because a test procedure does not
establish product standards, but rather provides the basis for
evaluating whether a product meets a standard, a test procedure is not
a technical regulation within the definition set forth in the
Agreement. Therefore, this test procedure is not subject to the
application of Article 2.4.
That DOE's rule incorporates the relevant parts of IEC 705 and
Amendment 2 and uses that international test procedure as a basis for
its test procedure makes it consistent with Article 5.4 of the
``Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade,'' the controlling provision
on test procedures. Article 5.4 provides that members use the
``relevant parts'' of guides or recommendations issued by international
standardizing bodies ``as a basis for their conformity assessment
procedures'' (defined by the agreement to include test procedures).
The U.S. World Trade Organization (WTO), Technical Barriers to
Trade (TBT) enquiry point (National Institute of Standards and
Technology) notified the WTO Secretariat of DOE's proposed rule
pursuant to Article 2.9.2 of the TBT agreement entitled, ``Notify
Members Through the Secretariat of the Products to be Covered by the
Proposed Technical Regulation.'' No comments were received by the U.S.
TBT enquiry point.
7. Using IEC 705 Updates To Automatically Amend DOE's Final Test
Procedure
DOE proposed to incorporate paragraphs 13 and 14 of the 1988
version of IEC 705 and paragraph 12 of IEC 705, Amendment 2, 1993.
Whirlpool commented that DOE should automatically accept changes to the
IEC standard as they occur. Whirlpool stated that ``DOE references to
the IEC 705 should be referred to as `the latest reference' '' in order
to avoid time consuming notice and comment rulemaking each time
``minor'' changes to the IEC test procedure occur. (Whirlpool, No. 28
at 3.) DOE does not accept Whirlpool's suggestion because adopting the
language ``latest reference'' is overly broad and would sweep into the
test procedure major as well as ``minor'' changes to the IEC test
procedure. Therefore, in this final rule, DOE references the specific
version and amendment of the IEC 705 as stated above.
8. Incorporation by Reference of Portions of IEC 705 and Amendment 2
DOE proposed to incorporate by reference paragraphs 13 and 14 of
IEC 705 and paragraph 12 of Amendment 2. Two commenters supported DOE's
proposal to incorporate by reference portions of IEC 705 and Amendment
2. (AHAM, No. 33 at 2; Whirlpool, No. 28 at 2.) Several commenters,
however, took the position that DOE should incorporate IEC 705 in its
entirety. (AHAM, No. 33, Attachment 3A and Attachment 3C; Sharp, No. 40
at 3.) DOE did not incorporate IEC 705 in its entirety because it
contains other test methods such as heating, cooking and defrosting
performance that are not relevant to energy consumption for microwave
ovens.
In today's final test procedure , DOE is adopting those portions of
IEC 705 and Amendment 2 that are pertinent to its test procedure for
microwave ovens. This incorporation by reference is found at Section
430.22, ``Reference Sources.''
The Department is also amending section 430.22, Reference Sources,
by adding paragraph (b)(5), ASHRAE standards. These standards were
previously incorporated by reference in a final rule on Furnace Test
procedures
[[Page 51980]]
published May 12, 1997 (62 FR 26140). In a Final Rule published May 29,
1997 (62 FR 29222), section 430.22 was amended and the furnace
standards previously incorporated by reference were removed. Therefore,
this rulemaking is correcting section 430.22 to include the standards
previously removed.
III. Determination Concerning the Impact of the Amended Test Procedure
on Standards
Section 323(e)(1) of EPCA requires that the Department determine to
what extent an amended test procedure would alter the measured energy
efficiency or measured energy use of kitchen ranges, ovens, cooktops or
microwave ovens as compared with the existing test procedure. The
Department has determined that the changes in annual useful cooking
energy will decrease calculated annual energy use for electric ovens
and cooktops by about 62 percent and for gas ovens and cooktops by
about 55 percent. The change in annual useful cooking energy for
microwave ovens will result in a 233 percent increase in their
calculated annual energy use. Because there are currently no energy
efficiency or energy consumption standards, no modification to
standards is required under Section 323(e)(2) of EPCA.
IV. Procedural Requirements
A. Review Under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969
In this rule, the Department will finalize amendments to test
procedures that may be used to implement future energy conservation
standards for kitchen ranges, cooktops, ovens, and microwave ovens. The
Department has determined that this rule falls into a class of actions
that are categorically excluded from review under the National
Environmental Policy Act of 1969, 42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq. The rule is
covered by Categorical Exclusion A5, for rulemakings that interpret or
amend an existing rule without changing the environmental effect, as
set forth in the Department's NEPA regulations at Appendix A to Subpart
D, 10 CFR part 1021. This final rule will not affect the quality or
distribution of energy usage and, therefore, will not result in any
environmental impacts. Accordingly, neither an environmental impact
statement or an environmental assessment is required.
B. Review Under Executive Order 12866, ``Regulatory Planning and
Review''
Today's final rule is not a ``significant regulatory action'' under
Executive Order 12866, ``Regulatory Planning and Review.'' 58 FR 51735
(October 4, 1993). Accordingly, today's action was not subject to
review under the Executive Order by the Office of Information and
Regulatory Affairs.
C. Review Under the Regulatory Flexibility Act of 1980
The Regulatory Flexibility Act, 5 U.S.C. 601-612, requires that an
agency prepare an initial regulatory flexibility analysis for any rule,
for which a general notice of proposed rulemaking is required, that
would have a significant economic effect on small entities unless the
agency certifies that the rule, if promulgated, will not have a
significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities.
5 U.S.C. 605. In the notice of proposed rulemaking, DOE determined that
the test procedures would not have a significant economic impact, but
rather would provide common testing methods. Therefore, DOE certified
that the proposed rule would not if promulgated have a significant
economic impact on a substantial number of small entities and that
preparation of a regulatory flexibility analysis was not warranted. DOE
did not receive any comments on the certification.
D. ``Takings'' Assessment Review
DOE has determined pursuant to Executive Order 12630,
``Governmental Actions and Interference with Constitutionally Protected
Property Rights,'' 53 FR 8859 (March 18, 1988), that this regulation,
if adopted, would not result in any takings which might require
compensation under the Fifth Amendment to the United States
Constitution.
E. Federalism Review
Executive Order 12612, ``Federalism,'' 52 FR 41685 (October 30,
1987), requires that regulations, rules, legislation, and any other
policy actions be reviewed for any substantial direct effects on
States, on the relationship between the Federal Government and the
States, or in the distribution of power and responsibilities among
various levels of Government. If there are substantial direct effects,
then the Executive Order requires preparation of a Federalism
assessment to be used in all decisions involved in promulgating and
implementing a policy action.
The final rule published today would not regulate the States.
Accordingly, DOE has determined that preparation of a Federalism
assessment is unnecessary.
F. Review Under Section 32 of the Federal Energy Administration
Authorization Act of 1974
The test procedure amended today incorporates the International
Electrotechnical Commission Publication 705, ``Methods for Measuring
the Performance of Microwave Ovens for Household and Similar
Purposes,'' Paragraph 13 ``Electrical Power Input Measurement,'' and
Paragraph 14 ``Efficiency,'' and Amendment 2-1993, Section 4, Paragraph
12 ``Microwave Power Output Measurement,'' to determine the output
power and efficiency for microwave ovens.
Pursuant to Section 301 of the Department of Energy Organization
Act (Pub. L. 95-91), DOE is required to comply with Section 32 of the
Federal Energy Administration Act of 1974, 15 U.S.C. 788. The
Department of Energy is required by Section 32 to notify the public
regarding the proposed use of commercial standards in a rulemaking and
allow interested persons to make known their views regarding the
appropriateness of the use of any particular commercial standard in a
notice of proposed rulemaking.
DOE included an invitation for public comment in the notice of
proposed rulemaking. Commenters supported the inclusion of IEC 705 and
Amendment 2-1993 in the test procedure and no adverse comments were
received (see Section II.C.8).
In addition, section 32(c) precludes the Department from
incorporating any commercial standard into a rule unless it has
consulted with the Attorney General and the Chairman of the Federal
Trade Commission (FTC) as to the impact of such standard on
competition, and neither individual recommends against its
incorporation or use. Pursuant to section 32(c), the Department advised
these individuals of its intention to incorporate portions of the
above-referenced standards into this final rule. Neither recommended
against such incorporation.
G. Review Under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980
No new information or record keeping requirements are imposed by
this rulemaking. Accordingly, no OMB clearance is required under the
Paperwork Reduction Act, 44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.
H. Review Under Executive Order 12988, ``Civil Justice Reform''
With respect to the review of existing regulations and the
promulgation of new regulations, section 3(a) of
[[Page 51981]]
Executive Order 12988, ``Civil Justice Reform,'' 61 FR 4729 (February
7, 1996), imposes on executive agencies the following requirements: (1)
Eliminate drafting errors and ambiguity; (2) write regulations to
minimize litigation; and (3) provide a clear legal standard for
affected conduct rather than a general standard and promote
simplification and burden reduction. With regard to the review required
by section 3(a), section 3(b) of the Executive Order specifically
requires that Executive agencies make every reasonable effort to ensure
that the regulation: (1) Clearly specifies the preemptive effect, if
any; (2) clearly specifies any effect on existing Federal law or
regulation; (3) provides a clear legal standard for affected conduct
while promoting simplification and reducing burdens; (4) specifies the
retroactive effect, if any; (5) adequately defines key terms; and (6)
addresses other important issues affecting clarity and general
draftsmanship under any guidelines issued by the Attorney General.
Section 3(c) of the Executive Order requires Executive agencies to
review regulations in light of applicable standards in sections 3(a)
and 3(b) to determine whether they are met or it is unreasonable to
meet one or more of them. DOE reviewed today's rule under the standards
of section 3 of the Executive Order and determined that, to the extent
permitted by law, it meets the requirements of those standards.
I. Review Under the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995
Title II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (the Act), 2
U.S.C. 1531 et seq., requires each Federal agency, to the extent
permitted by law, to prepare a written assessment of the effects of any
Federal mandate in a final agency rule that may result in the
expenditure by State, local, and tribal governments, in the aggregate,
or by the private sector, of $100 million or more (adjusted annually
for inflation) in one year.
The Department has determined that this final rule does not include
any requirements that would result in the expenditure of money by
State, local, and tribal governments. It also would not result in costs
to the private sector of $100 million or more in any one year.
Therefore, the requirements of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995
do not apply to this rulemaking.
J. Congressional Notification
Consistent with Subtitle E of the Small Business Regulatory
Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996, 5 U.S.C. 801-808, DOE will submit to
Congress a report regarding the issuance of today's final rule prior to
the effective date set forth at the outset of this notice. The report
will note the Office of Management and Budget's determination that this
rule does not constitute a ``major rule'' under that Act. 5 U.S.C. 801,
804.
List of Subjects in 10 CFR Part 430
Administrative practice and procedure, Energy conservation,
Household appliances, Incorporation by reference.
Issued in Washington, DC, on September 22, 1997.
Joseph J. Romm,
Acting Assistant Secretary, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy.
For the reasons set forth in the preamble, Part 430 of Chapter II
of Title 10, of the Code of Federal Regulations is amended as follows:
PART 430--ENERGY CONSERVATION PROGRAM FOR CONSUMER PRODUCTS
1. The authority citation for Part 430 continues to read as
follows:
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 6291-6309.
2. Section 430.22 is amended by revising paragraph (a)(1) and
adding paragraph (b)(4) and (b)(5) as follows:
Sec. 430.22 Reference Sources.
(a) Materials incorporated by reference.--(1) General. The
following standards which are not otherwise set forth in Part 430 are
incorporated by reference and made a part of Part 430. The standards
listed in this section have been approved for incorporation by
reference by the Director of the Federal Register in accordance with 5
U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR Part 51. The specified versions of the
standards are incorporated, and any subsequent amendment to a standard
by the standard-setting organization will not affect the DOE test
procedures unless and until those test procedures are amended by DOE.
(2) * * *
(b)(1) * * *
(2) * * *
(3) * * *
(4) International Electrotechnical Commission. Copies of the
International Electrotechnical Commission Publications can be obtained
from the American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd Street,
New York, New York 10036, (212) 642-4936.
1. IEC 705, ``Methods for Measuring the Performance of Microwave
Ovens for Household and Similar Purposes,'' Section 4, Methods of
Measurement, Paragraph 13 ``Electrical Power Input Measurement,'' and
Paragraph 14 ``Efficiency'' (1988).
2. IEC 705, Amendment 2, ``Methods for Measuring the Performance of
Microwave Ovens for Household and Similar Purposes,'' Section 4,
Methods of Measurement, Paragraph 12 ``Microwave Power Output
Measurement'' (1993).
(5) American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning
Engineers, Inc., Publication Sales, 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA
30329, (1-800-5-ASHRAE).
1. American National Standards Institute/American Society of
Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers Standard 103-
1993, ``Methods of Testing for Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency of
Residential Central Furnaces and Boilers,'' (with Errata of October 24,
1996) except for sections 3.0, 7.2.2.5, 8.6.1.1, 9.1.2.2, 9.5.1.1,
9.5.1.2.1, 9.5.1.2.2, 9.5.2.1, 9.7.1, 10.0, 11.2.12, 11.3.12, 11.4.12,
11.5.12 and appendices B and C.
2. American National Standards Institute Standard Z21.56-1994,
``Gas-Fired Pool Heaters,'' section 2.9.
* * * * *
Sec. 430.23 [Amended]
3. Section 430.23, Test procedures for measures of energy
consumption, is amended as follows:
A. In Sec. 430.23(i)(1)(iii) (second sentence) ``4.3.1, 4.2.2,
4.1.2.5, or 4.1.2.6, 4.4.3, and 4.5.1.3'' is revised to read ``4.3,
4.2.2, 4.1.2, and 4.4.3.''
B. In Sec. 430.23(i)(2) (first sentence) ``4.2.1.3, 4.1.3 and
4.4.2'' is revised to read ``4.2.1, 4.1.3, and 4.4.4.''
C. Sec. 430.23 (i)(3) is removed and reserved.
D. In Sec. 430.23(i)(4) (first sentence) ``4.3.3, 4.2.3, 4.1.4,
4.4.4 and 4.5.3'' is revised to read ``4.3, 4.2.3, 4.1.4, 4.4.5.''
E. In Secs. 430.23 (i)(8) and 430.23 (i)(9) remove the phrase ``and
(i)(3).''
* * * * *
4. Appendix I to Subpart B of Part 430 is revised to read as
follows:
Appendix I to Subpart B of Part 430--Uniform Test Method for Measuring
the Energy Consumption of Conventional Ranges, Conventional Cooking
Tops, Conventional Ovens, and Microwave Ovens
1. Definitions
1.1 Built-in means the product is supported by surrounding
cabinetry, walls, or other similar structures.
1.2 Drop-in means the product is supported by horizontal surface
cabinetry.
1.3 Forced convection means a mode of conventional oven operation
in
[[Page 51982]]
which a fan is used to circulate the heated air within the oven
compartment during cooking.
1.4 Freestanding means the product is not supported by surrounding
cabinetry, walls, or other similar structures.
1.5 IEC 705 refers to the test standard published by the
International Electrotechnical Commission, entitled ``Method for
Measuring the Performance of Microwave Ovens for Household and Similar
Purposes,'' Publication 705-1988 and Amendment 2--1993. (See 10 CFR
430.22)
1.6 Normal nonoperating temperature means the temperature of all
areas of an appliance to be tested are within 5 deg.F (2.8 deg.C) of
the temperature that the identical areas of the same basic model of the
appliance would attain if it remained in the test room for 24 hours
while not operating with all oven doors closed and with any gas pilot
lights on and adjusted in accordance with manufacturer's instructions.
1.7 Primary energy consumption means either the electrical energy
consumption of a conventional electric oven or the gas energy
consumption of a conventional gas oven.
1.8 Secondary energy consumption means any electrical energy
consumption, other than clock energy consumption, of a conventional gas
oven.
1.9 Standard cubic foot (L) of gas means that quantity of gas that
occupies 1 cubic foot (L) when saturated with water vapor at a
temperature of 60 deg.F (15.6 deg.C) and a pressure of 30 inches of
mercury (101.6 kPa) (density of mercury equals 13.595 grams per cubic
centimeter).
1.10 Thermocouple means a device consisting of two dissimilar
metals which are joined together and, with their associated wires, are
used to measure temperature by means of electromotive force.
1.11 Symbol Usage. The following identity relationships are
provided to help clarify the symbology used throughout this procedure.
A--Number of Hours in a Year
B--Number of Hours Pilot Light Contributes to Cooking
C--Specific Heat
E--Energy Consumed
Eff--Cooking Efficiency
H--Heating Value of Gas
K--Conversion for Watt-hours to Kilowatt hours
Ke--3.412 Btu/Wh, Conversion for Watt-hours to Btu's
M--Mass
n--Number of Units
O--Annual Useful Cooking Energy Output
P--Power
Q--Gas Flow Rate
R--Energy Factor, Ratio of useful Cooking Energy Output to Total Energy
Input
S--Number of Self Cleaning Operations per Year
T--Temperature
t--Time
V--Volume of Gas Consumed
W--Weight of Test Block
2. Test Conditions
2.1 Installation. A free standing kitchen range shall be installed
with the back directly against, or as near as possible to, a vertical
wall which extends at least 1 foot above and on either side of the
appliance. There shall be no side walls. A drop-in, built-in or wall-
mounted appliance shall be installed in an enclosure in accordance with
the manufacturer's instructions. These appliances are to be completely
assembled with all handles, knobs, guards and the like mounted in
place. Any electric resistance heaters, gas burners, baking racks, and
baffles shall be in place in accordance with the manufacturer's
instructions; however, broiler pans are to be removed from the oven's
baking compartment. Disconnect any electrical clock which uses energy
continuously, except for those that are an integral part of the timing
or temperature controlling circuit of the oven, cooktop, or microwave
oven. Do not disconnect or modify the circuit to any other electrical
devices or features.
2.1.1 Conventional electric ranges, ovens, and cooking tops. These
products shall be connected to an electrical supply circuit with
voltage as specified in Section 2.2.1 with a watt-hour meter installed
in the circuit. The watt-hour meter shall be as described in Section
2.9.1.1.
2.1.2 Conventional gas ranges, ovens, and cooking tops. These
products shall be connected to a gas supply line with a gas meter
installed between the supply line and the appliance being tested,
according to manufacturer's specifications. The gas meter shall be as
described in Section 2.9.2. Conventional gas ranges, ovens and cooking
tops with electrical ignition devices or other electrical components
shall be connected to an electrical supply circuit of nameplate voltage
with a watt-hour meter installed in the circuit. The watt-hour meter
shall be as described in Section 2.9.1.1.
2.1.3 Microwave ovens. Install the microwave oven in accordance
with the manufacturer's instructions and connect to an electrical
supply circuit with voltage as specified in Section 2.2.1. A watt-hour
meter and watt meter shall be installed in the circuit and shall be as
described in Section 2.9.1.1 and 2.9.1.2. If trial runs are needed to
set the ``on'' time for the test, the test measurements are to be
separated according to Section 4, Paragraph 12.6 of IEC 705 Amendment
2. (See 10 CFR 430.22)
2.2 Energy supply.
2.2.1 Electrical supply. Maintain the electrical supply to the
conventional range, conventional cooking top, and conventional oven
being tested at 240/120 volts except that basic models rated only at
208/120 volts shall be tested at that rating. Maintain the voltage
within 2 percent of the above specified voltages. For the microwave
oven testing, however, maintain the electrical supply to a microwave
oven at 120 volts 1 volt and at 60 hertz.
2.2.2 Gas supply.
2.2.2.1 Gas burner adjustments. Conventional gas ranges, ovens,
and cooking tops shall be tested with all of the gas burners adjusted
in accordance with the installation or operation instructions provided
by the manufacturer. In every case, the burner must be adjusted with
sufficient air flow to prevent a yellow flame or a flame with yellow
tips.
2.2.2.2 Natural gas. For testing convertible cooking appliances or
appliances which are designed to operate using only natural gas,
maintain the natural gas pressure immediately ahead of all controls of
the unit under test at 7 to 10 inches of water column (1743.6 to 2490.8
Pa). The regulator outlet pressure shall equal the manufacturer's
recommendation. The natural gas supplied should have a heating value of
approximately 1,025 Btu's per standard cubic foot (38.2 kJ/L). The
actual gross heating value, Hn, in Btu's per standard cubic
foot (kJ/L), for the natural gas to be used in the test shall be
obtained either from measurements made by the manufacturer conducting
the test using equipment that meets the requirements described in
Section 2.9.4 or by the use of bottled natural gas whose gross heating
value is certified to be at least as accurate a value that meets the
requirements in Section 2.9.4.
2.2.2.3 Propane. For testing convertible cooking appliances with
propane or for testing appliances which are designed to operate using
only LP-gas, maintain the propane pressure immediately ahead of all
controls of the unit under test at 11 to 13 inches of water column
(2740 to 3238 Pa). The regulator outlet pressure shall equal the
manufacturer's recommendation. The propane supplied should have a
heating value of approximately 2,500 Btu's per standard cubic foot
(93.2 kJ/L). The
[[Page 51983]]
actual gross heating value, Hp, in Btu's per standard cubic
foot (kJ/L), for the propane to be used in the test shall be obtained
either from measurements made by the manufacturer conducting the test
using equipment that meets the requirements described in Section 2.9.4
or by the use of bottled propane whose gross heating value is certified
to be at least as accurate a value that meets the requirements
described in Section 2.9.4.
2.2.2.4 Test gas. A basic model of a convertible cooking appliance
shall be tested with natural gas, but may also be tested with propane.
Any basic model of a conventional range, conventional cooking top, or
conventional oven which is designed to operate using only natural gas
as the energy source must be tested with natural gas. Any basic model
of a conventional range, conventional cooking top, or conventional oven
which is designed to operate using only LP gas as the gas energy source
must be tested with propane gas.
2.3 Air circulation. Maintain air circulation in the room
sufficient to secure a reasonably uniform temperature distribution, but
do not cause a direct draft on the unit under test.
2.4 Setting the conventional oven thermostat.
2.4.1 Conventional electric oven. Install a thermocouple
approximately in the center of the usable baking space. Provide a
temperature indicator system for measuring the oven's temperature with
an accuracy as indicated in Section 2.9.3.2. If the oven thermostat
does not cycle on and off, adjust or determine the conventional
electric oven thermostat setting to provide an average internal
temperature which is 325 deg.5 deg.F (180.6 deg.
2.8 deg.C) higher than the room ambient air temperature. If
the oven thermostat operates by cycling on and off, adjust or determine
the conventional electric oven thermostat setting to provide an average
internal temperature which is 325 deg.5 deg.F
(180.6 deg.2.8 deg.C) higher than the room ambient air
temperature. This shall be done by measuring the maximum and minimum
temperatures in any three consecutive cut-off/cut-on actions of the
electric resistance heaters, excluding the initial cut-off/cut-on
action, by the thermostat after the temperature rise of
325 deg.5 deg.F (180.6 deg. 2.8 deg.C) has been
attained by the conventional electric oven. Remove the thermocouple
after the thermostat has been set.
2.4.2 Conventional gas oven. Install five parallel-connected
weighted thermocouples, one located at the center of the conventional
gas oven's usable baking space and the other four equally spaced
between the center and the corners of the conventional gas oven on the
diagonals of a horizontal plane through the center of the conventional
gas oven. Each weighted thermocouple shall be constructed of a copper
disc that is 1-inch (25.4 mm) in diameter and \1/8\-inch (3.2 mm)
thick. The two thermocouple wires shall be located in two holes in the
disc spaced \1/2\-inch (12.7 mm) apart, with each hole being located
\1/4\-inch (6.4 mm) from the center of the disc. Both thermocouple
wires shall be silver-soldered to the copper disc. Provide a
temperature indicator system for measuring the oven's temperature with
an accuracy as indicated in Section 2.9.3.2. If the oven thermostat
does not cycle on or off, adjust or determine the conventional gas oven
thermostat setting to provide an average internal temperature which is
325 deg.5 deg.F (180.6 deg.2.8 deg.C) higher
than the room ambient air temperature. If the oven thermostat operates
by cycling on and off, adjust or determine the conventional gas oven
thermostat setting to provide an average internal temperature which is
325 deg.5 deg.F (180.62.8 deg.C) higher than
the room ambient air temperature. This shall be done by measuring the
maximum and minimum temperatures in any three consecutive cut-off/cut-
on actions of the gas burners, excluding the initial cut-off/cut-on
action, by the thermostat after the temperature rise of
325 deg.5 deg.F (180.6 deg.2.8 deg.C) has been
attained by the conventional gas oven. Remove the thermocouples after
the thermostat has been set.
2.5 Ambient room air temperature. During the test, maintain an
ambient room air temperature, TR, of
77 deg.9 deg.F (25 deg.5 deg.C) for
conventional ovens and cooking tops, or as indicated in Section 4,
Paragraph 12.4 of IEC 705 Amendment 2 for microwave ovens, as measured
at least 5 feet (1.5 m) and not more than 8 feet (2.4 m) from the
nearest surface of the unit under test and approximately 3 feet (0.9 m)
above the floor. The temperature shall be measured with a thermometer
or temperature indicating system with an accuracy as specified in
Section 2.9.3.1.
2.6 Normal nonoperating temperature. All areas of the appliance
to be tested shall attain the normal nonoperating temperature, as
defined in Section 1.6, before any testing begins. The equipment for
measuring the applicable normal nonoperating temperature shall be as
described in Sections 2.9.3.1, 2.9.3.2, 2.9.3.3, 2.9.3.4, and 2.9.3.5,
as applicable.
2.7 Test blocks for conventional oven and cooking top. The test
blocks shall be made of aluminum alloy No. 6061, with a specific heat
of 0.23 Btu/lb- deg.F (0.96 kJ/[kg deg.C]) and with any
temper that will give a czoefficient of thermal conductivity of 1073.3
to 1189.1 Btu-in/h-ft2- deg.F (154.8 to 171.5 W/[m
deg.C]). Each block shall have a hole at its top. The hole shall be
0.08 inch (2.03 mm) in diameter and 0.80 inch (20.3 mm) deep. The
manufacturer conducting the test may provide other means which will
ensure that the thermocouple junction is installed at this same
position and depth.
The bottom of each block shall be flat to within 0.002 inch (0.051
mm) TIR (total indicator reading). Determine the actual weight of each
test block with a scale with an accuracy as indicated in Section 2.9.5.
2.7.1 Conventional oven test block. The test block for the
conventional oven, W1, shall be 6.250.05 inches
(158.81.3 mm) in diameter, approximately 2.8 inches (71 mm)
high and shall weigh 8.50.1 lbs (3.860.05 kg).
The block shall be finished with an anodic black coating which has a
minimum thickness of 0.001 inch (0.025 mm) or with a finish having the
equivalent absorptivity.
2.7.2 Small test block for conventional cooking top. The small
test block, W2, shall be 6.250.05 inches
(158.81.3 mm) in diameter, approximately 2.8 inches (71 mm)
high and shall weigh 8.50.1 lbs (3.860.05 kg).
2.7.3 Large test block for conventional cooking top. The large
test block for the conventional cooking top, W3, shall be
90.05 inches (228.61.3 mm) in diameter,
approximately 3.0 inches (76 mm) high and shall weigh 190.1
lbs (8.620.05 kg).
2.7.4 Thermocouple installation. Install the thermocouple such
that the thermocouple junction (where the thermocouple contacts the
test block) is at the bottom of the hole provided in the test block and
that the thermocouple junction makes good thermal contact with the
aluminum block. If the test blocks are to be water cooled between tests
the thermocouple hole should be sealed, or other steps taken, to insure
that the thermocouple hole is completely dry at the start of the next
test. Provide a temperature indicator system for measuring the test
block temperature with an accuracy as indicated in Section 2.9.3.3.
2.7.5 Initial test block temperature. Maintain the initial
temperature of the test blocks, TI, within
4 deg.F (2.2 deg.C) of the ambient room air
temperature as specified in Section 2.5. If the test block has been
cooled (or heated) to bring it to room temperature, allow the block to
stabilize for at least 2 minutes after removal from the cooling (or
heating)
[[Page 51984]]
source, before measuring its initial temperature.
2.8 Microwave oven test load.
2.8.1 Test container. The test container shall be as specified in
Section 4, Paragraph 12.2 of IEC 705 Amendment 2.
2.8.2 Test water load. The test water load shall be as specified
in Section 4, Paragraph 12.1 of IEC 705 Amendment 2.
2.8.2.1 Test water load and test container temperature. Before the
start of the test, the oven and the test container shall be at ambient
temperature as specified in Section 4, Paragraph 12.4 of IEC 705
Amendment 2. The test water load shall be contained in a chiller (not
the test container) and maintained at 18 deg. 1.8 deg.F
(10 deg. 1 deg.C) below the ambient room temperature.
2.9 Instrumentation. Perform all test measurements using the
following instruments, as appropriate:
2.9.1 Electrical Measurements.
2.9.1.1 Watt-hour meter. The watt-hour meter for measuring the
electrical energy consumption of conventional ovens and cooking tops
shall have a resolution of 1 watt-hour (3.6 kJ) or less and a maximum
error no greater than 1.5 percent of the measured value for any demand
greater than 100 watts. The watt-hour meter for measuring the energy
consumption of microwave ovens shall have a resolution of 0.1 watt-hour
(0.36 kJ) or less and a maximum error no greater than 1.5 percent of
the measured value.
2.9.1.2 Watt meter. The watt meter used to measure the
conventional oven, conventional range, range clock power or the power
input of the microwave oven shall have a resolution of 0.2 watt (0.2 J/
s) or less and a maximum error no greater than 5 percent of the
measured value.
2.9.2 Gas Measurements.
2.9.2.1 Positive displacement meters. The gas meter to be used for
measuring the gas consumed by the gas burners of the oven or cooking
top shall have a resolution of 0.01 cubic foot (0.28 L) or less and a
maximum error no greater than 1 percent of the measured value for any
demand greater than 2.2 cubic feet per hour (62.3 L/h). If a positive
displacement gas meter is used for measuring the gas consumed by the
pilot lights, it shall have a resolution of at least 0.01 cubic foot
(0.28 L) or less and have a maximum error no greater than 2 percent of
the measured value.
2.9.2.2 Flow meter. If a gas flow meter is used for measuring the
gas consumed by the pilot lights, it shall be calibrated to have a
maximum error no greater than 1.5 percent of the measured value and a
resolution of 1 percent or less of the measured value.
2.9.3 Temperature measurement equipment.
2.9.3.1 Room temperature indicating system. The room temperature
indicating system shall be as specified in Section 4, Paragraph 12.3 of
IEC 705 Amendment 2 for microwave ovens and Section 2.9.3.5 for ranges,
ovens and cooktops.
2.9.3.2 Temperature indicator system for measuring conventional
oven temperature. The equipment for measuring the conventional oven
temperature shall have an error no greater than 4 deg.F
(2.2 deg.C) over the range of 65 deg. to 500 deg.F
(18 deg.C to 260 deg.C).
2.9.3.3 Temperature indicator system for measuring test block
temperature. The system shall have an error no greater than
2 deg.F (1.1 deg.C) when measuring specific
temperatures over the range of 65 deg. to 330 deg.F (18.3 deg.C to
165.6 deg.C). It shall also have an error no greater than
2 deg.F (1.1 deg.C) when measuring any
temperature difference up to 240 deg.F (133.3 deg.C) within the above
range.
2.9.3.4 Test load temperatures. The thermometer or other
temperature measuring instrument used to measure the test water load
temperature shall be as specified in Section 4, Paragraph 12.3 of IEC
705 Amendment 2. Use only one thermometer or other temperature
measuring device throughout the entire test procedure.
2.9.3.5 Temperature indicator system for measuring surface
temperatures. The temperature of any surface of an appliance shall be
measured by means of a thermocouple in firm contact with the surface.
The temperature indicating system shall have an error no greater than
1 deg.F (0.6 deg.C) over the range 65 deg. to
90 deg.F (18 deg.C to 32 deg.C).
2.9.4 Heating Value. The heating value of the natural gas or
propane shall be measured with an instrument and associated readout
device that has a maximum error no greater than 0.5% of the
measured value and a resolution of 0.2% or less of the full
scale reading of the indicator instrument. The heating value of natural
gas or propane must be corrected for local temperature and pressure
conditions.
2.9.5 Scale. The scale used for weighing the test blocks shall
have a maximum error no greater than 1 ounce (28.4 g). The scale used
for weighing the microwave oven test water load shall be as specified
in Section 4, paragraph 12.3 of IEC 705 Amendment 2.
3. Test Methods and Measurements
3.1 Test methods.
3.1.1 Conventional oven. Perform a test by establishing the
testing conditions set forth in Section 2, ``TEST CONDITIONS,'' of this
Appendix, and adjust any pilot lights of a conventional gas oven in
accordance with the manufacturer's instructions and turn off the gas
flow to the conventional cooking top, if so equipped. Before beginning
the test, the conventional oven shall be at its normal nonoperating
temperature as defined in Section 1.6 and described in Section 2.6. Set
the conventional oven test block W1 approximately in the
center of the usable baking space. If there is a selector switch for
selecting the mode of operation of the oven, set it for normal baking.
If an oven permits baking by either forced convection by using a fan,
or without forced convection, the oven is to be tested in each of those
two modes. The oven shall remain on for at least one complete
thermostat ``cut-off/cut-on'' of the electrical resistance heaters or
gas burners after the test block temperature has increased 234 deg.F
(130 deg.C) above its initial temperature.
3.1.1.1 Self-cleaning operation of a conventional oven. Establish
the test conditions set forth in Section 2, ``TEST CONDITIONS,'' of
this Appendix. Adjust any pilot lights of a conventional gas oven in
accordance with the manufacturer's instructions and turn off the gas
flow to the conventional cooking top. The temperature of the
conventional oven shall be its normal nonoperating temperature as
defined in Section 1.6 and described in Section 2.6. Then set the
conventional oven's self-cleaning process in accordance with the
manufacturer's instructions. If the self-cleaning process is
adjustable, use the average time recommended by the manufacturer for a
moderately soiled oven.
3.1.1.2 Continuously burning pilot lights of a conventional gas
oven. Establish the test conditions set forth in Section 2, ``TEST
CONDITIONS,'' of this Appendix. Adjust any pilot lights of a
conventional gas oven in accordance with the manufacturer's
instructions and turn off the gas flow to the conventional cooking top.
If a positive displacement gas meter is used the, test duration shall
be sufficient to measure a gas consumption which is at least 200 times
the resolution of the gas meter.
3.1.2 Conventional cooking top. Establish the test conditions set
forth in Section 2, ``TEST CONDITIONS,'' of this Appendix. Adjust any
pilot lights of a conventional gas cooking top in accordance with the
manufacturer's instructions and turn off the gas flow to the
conventional oven(s), if so equipped. The temperature of the
[[Page 51985]]
conventional cooking top shall be its normal nonoperating temperature
as defined in Section 1.6 and described in Section 2.6. Set the test
block in the center of the surface unit under test. The small test
block, W2, shall be used on electric surface units of 7
inches (178 mm) or less in diameter. The large test block,
W3, shall be used on electric surface units over 7 inches
(177.8 mm) in diameter and on all gas surface units. Turn on the
surface unit under test and set its energy input rate to the maximum
setting. When the test block reaches 144 deg.F (80 deg.C) above its
initial test block temperature, immediately reduce the energy input
rate to 255 percent of the maximum energy input rate. After
150.1 minutes at the reduced energy setting, turn off the
surface unit under test.
3.1.2.1 Continuously burning pilot lights of a conventional gas
cooking top. Establish the test conditions set forth in Section 2,
``TEST CONDITIONS,'' of this Appendix. Adjust any pilot lights of a
conventional gas cooking top in accordance with the manufacturer's
instructions and turn off the gas flow to the conventional oven(s). If
a positive displacement gas meter is used, the test duration shall be
sufficient to measure a gas consumption which is at least 200 times the
resolution of the gas meter.
3.1.3 Microwave oven.
3.1.3.1 Microwave oven test energy or power output. Establish the
testing conditions set forth in Section 2, ``TEST CONDITIONS,'' of this
Appendix. Follow the test procedure as specified in Section 4,
Paragraph 12.4 of IEC 705 Amendment 2.
3.2 Test measurements.
3.2.1 Conventional oven test energy consumption. If the oven
thermostat controls the oven temperature without cycling on and off,
measure the energy consumed, EO, when the temperature of the
block reaches TO (TO is 234 deg.F (130 deg.C)
above the initial block temperature, TI). If the oven
thermostat operates by cycling on and off, make the following series of
measurements: Measure the block temperature, TA, and the
energy consumed, EA, or volume of gas consumed,
VA, at the end of the last ``ON'' period of the conventional
oven before the block reaches TO. Measure the block
temperature, TB, and the energy consumed, EB, or
volume of gas consumed, VB, at the beginning of the next
``ON'' period. Measure the block temperature, TC, and the
energy consumed, EC, or volume of gas consumed,
VC, at the end of that ``ON'' period. Measure the block
temperature, TD, and the energy consumed, ED, or
volume of gas consumed, VD, at the beginning of the
following ``ON'' period. Energy measurements for EO,
EA, EB, EC and ED, should
be expressed in watt-hours (kJ) for conventional electric ovens and
volume measurements for VA, VB, VC and
VD should be expressed in standard cubic feet (L) of gas for
conventional gas ovens. For a gas oven, measure in watt-hours (kJ) any
electrical energy, EIO, consumed by an ignition device or
other electrical components required for the operation of a
conventional gas oven while heating the test block to TO.
The energy consumed by a continuously operating clock that is an
integral part of the timing or temperature control circuit and cannot
be disconnected during the test may be subtracted from the oven test
energy to obtain the test energy consumption, EO or
EIO.
3.2.1.1 Conventional oven average test energy consumption. If the
conventional oven permits baking by either forced convection or without
forced convection and the oven thermostat does not cycle on and off,
measure the energy consumed with the forced convection mode,
(EO)1, and without the forced convection mode,
(EO)2, when the temperature of the block reaches
TO (TO is 234 deg.F (130 deg.C) above the
initial block temperature, TI). If the conventional oven
permits baking by either forced convection or without forced convection
and the oven thermostat operates by cycling on and off, make the
following series of measurements with and without the forced convection
mode: Measure the block temperature, TA, and the energy
consumed, EA, or volume of gas consumed, VA, at
the end of the last ``ON'' period of the conventional oven before the
block reaches TO. Measure the block temperature,
TB, and the energy consumed, EB, or volume of gas
consumed, VB, at the beginning of the next ``ON'' period.
Measure the block temperature, TC, and the energy consumed,
EC, or volume of gas consumed, VC, at the end of
that ``ON'' period. Measure the block temperature, TD, and
the energy consumed, ED, or volume of gas consumed,
VD, at the beginning of the following ``ON'' period. Energy
measurements for EO, EA, EB,
EC and ED should be expressed in watt-hours (kJ)
for conventional electric ovens and volume measurements for
VA, VB, VC and VD should be
expressed in standard cubic feet (L) of gas for conventional gas ovens.
For a gas oven that can be operated with or without forced convection,
measure in watt-hours (kJ) any electrical energy consumed by an
ignition device or other electrical components required for the
operation of a conventional gas oven while heating the test block to
TO using the forced convection mode,
(EIO)1, and without using the forced convection
mode, (EIO)2. The energy consumed by a
continuously operating clock that is an integral part of the timing or
temperature control circuit and cannot be disconnected during the test
may be subtracted from the oven test energy to obtain the test energy
consumption, (EO)1 and
(EO)2 or (EIO)1 and
(EIO)2.
3.2.1.2 Energy consumption of self-cleaning operation. Measure the
energy consumption, ES, in watt-hours (kJ) of electricity or
the volume of gas consumption, VS, in standard cubic feet
(L) during the self-cleaning test set forth in Section 3.1.1.1. For a
gas oven, also measure in watt-hours (kJ) any electrical energy,
EIS, consumed by ignition devices or other electrical
components required during the self-cleaning test. The energy consumed
by a continuously operating clock that is an integral part of the
timing or temperature control circuit and cannot be disconnected during
the test may be subtracted from the self-cleaning test energy to obtain
the energy consumption, ES or EIS
3.2.1.3 Gas consumption of continuously burning pilot lights.
Measure the gas consumption of the pilot lights, VOP, in
standard cubic feet (L) of gas and the test duration, tOP,
in hours for the test set forth in Section 3.1.1.2. If a gas flow rate
meter is used, measure the flow rate, QOP, in standard cubic
feet per hour (L/h).
3.2.1.4 Clock power. If the conventional oven or conventional
range includes an electric clock which is on continuously, and the
power rating in watts (J/s) of this feature is not known, measure the
clock power, PCL, in watts (J/s.) The power rating or
measurement of continuously operating clocks, that are an integral part
of the timing or temperature control circuits and cannot be
disconnected during testing, shall be multiplied by the applicable test
period to calculate the clock energy consumption, in watt-hours (kJ),
during a test. The energy consumed by the clock during the test may
then be subtracted from the test energy to obtain the specified test
energy consumption value.
3.2.2 Conventional surface unit test energy consumption. For the
surface unit under test, measure the energy consumption,
ECT, in watt-hours (kJ) of electricity or the volume of gas
consumption, VCT, in standard cubic feet (L) of gas and the
test block temperature, TCT, at the end of the 15 minute
(reduced input setting) test interval for the test specified in Section
3.1.2 and the total time, tCT, in hours, that the unit is
under test. Measure any
[[Page 51986]]
electrical energy, EIC, consumed by an ignition device of a
gas heating element in watt-hours (kJ). The energy consumed by a
continuously operating clock that is an integral part of the timing or
temperature control circuit and cannot be disconnected during the test
may be subtracted from the cooktop test energy to obtain the test
energy consumption, ECT or EIC.
3.2.2.1 Gas consumption of continuously burning pilot lights. If
the conventional gas cooking top under test has one or more
continuously burning pilot lights, measure the gas consumed during the
test by the pilot lights, VCP, in standard cubic feet (L) of
gas, and the test duration, tCP, in hours as specified in
Section 3.1.2.1. If a gas flow rate meter is used, measure the flow
rate, QCP, in standard cubic feet per hour (L/h).
3.2.3 Microwave oven test energy consumption and power input.
Measurements are to be made as specified in Section 4, Paragraphs 12.4
and 13 of IEC 705 and Amendment 2. Measure the electrical input energy,
EM, in watt-hours (kJ) consumed by the microwave oven during
the test. Repeat the tests three times unless the power output value
resulting from the second measurement is within 1.5% of the value
obtained from the first measurement as stated in Section 4, Paragraphs
12.6 of IEC 705 Amendment 2. (See 10 CFR 430.22.)
3.3 Recorded values.
3.3.1 Record the test room temperature, TR, at the
start and end of each range, oven or cooktop test, as determined in
Section 2.5.
3.3.2 Record measured test block weights W1,
W2, and W3 in pounds (kg).
3.3.3 Record the initial temperature, T1, of the test
block under test.
3.3.4 For a conventional oven with a thermostat which operates by
cycling on and off, record the conventional oven test measurements
TA, EA, TB, EB,
TC, EC, TD, and ED for
conventional electric ovens or TA, VA,
TB, VB, TC, VC,
TD, and VD for conventional gas ovens. If the
thermostat controls the oven temperature without cycling on and off,
record EO. For a gas oven which also uses electrical energy
for the ignition or operation of the oven, also record EIO.
3.3.5 For a conventional oven that can be operated with or without
forced convection and the oven thermostat controls the oven temperature
without cycling on and off, measure the energy consumed with the forced
convection mode, (EO)1, and without the forced
convection mode, (EO)2. If the conventional oven
operates with or without forced convection and the thermostat controls
the oven temperature by cycling on and off, record the conventional
oven test measurements TA, EA, TB,
EB, TC, EC, TD, and
ED for conventional electric ovens or TA,
VA, TB, VB, TC,
VC, TD, and VD for conventional gas
ovens. For a gas oven that can be operated with or without forced
convection, measure any electrical energy consumed by an ignition
device or other electrical components used during the forced convection
mode, (EIO)1, and without using the forced
convection mode, (EIO)2.
3.3.6 Record the measured energy consumption, ES, or
gas consumption, VS, and for a gas oven, any electrical
energy, EIS, for the test of the self-cleaning operation of
a conventional oven.
3.3.7 Record the gas flow rate, QOP; or the gas
consumption, VOP, and the elapsed time, tOP, that
any continuously burning pilot lights of a conventional oven are under
test.
3.3.8 Record the clock power measurement or rating,
PCL, in watts (J/s), except for microwave oven tests.
3.3.9 For the surface unit under test, record the electric energy
consumption, ECT, or the gas volume consumption,
VCT, the final test block temperature, TCT, the
total test time, tCT. For a gas cooking top which uses
electrical energy for ignition of the burners, also record
EIC.
3.3.10 Record the gas flow rate, QCP; or the gas
consumption, VCP, and the elapsed time, tCP, that
any continuously burning pilot lights of a conventional gas cooking top
are under test.
3.3.11 Record the heating value, Hn, as determined in
Section 2.2.2.2 for the natural gas supply.
3.3.12 Record the heating value, Hp, as determined in
Section 2.2.2.3 for the propane supply.
3.3.13 Record the electrical input energy and power input,
EM and PM, for the microwave oven test; the
initial and final temperature, T1 and T2, of the
test water load; the mass of the test container before filling with the
test water load and the mass of the test water load, MC and
MW respectively; and the measured room temperature,
T0; as determined in Section 3.2.3.
4. Calculation of Derived Results From Test Measurements
4.1 Conventional oven.
4.1.1 Test energy consumption. For a conventional oven with a
thermostat which operates by cycling on and off, calculate the test
energy consumption, EO, expressed in watt-hours ( kJ) for
electric ovens and in Btu's (kJ) for gas ovens, and defined as:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR03OC97.000
for electric ovens, and,
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR03OC97.001
[[Page 51987]]
For gas ovens
Where:
H = either Hn or Hp, the heating value of the
gas used in the test as specified in Section 2.2.2.2 and Section
2.2.2.3, expressed in Btu's per standard cubic foot (kJ/L).
TO = 234 deg.F (130 deg.C) plus the initial test block
temperature.
and,
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR03OC97.002
Where:
TA = block temperature in deg.F ( deg.C) at the end of the
last ``ON'' period of the conventional oven before the test block
reaches TO.
TB = block temperature in deg.F ( deg.C) at the beginning
of the ``ON'' period following the measurement of TA.
TC = block temperature in deg.F ( deg.C) at the end of the
``ON'' period which starts with TB.
TD = block temperature in deg.F ( deg.C) at the beginning
of the ``ON'' period which follows the measurement of TC.
EA = electric energy consumed in Wh (kJ) at the end of the
last ``ON'' period before the test block reaches TO.
EB = electric energy consumed in Wh (kJ) at the beginning of
the ``ON'' period following the measurement of TA.
EC = electric energy consumed in Wh (kJ) at the end of the
``ON'' period which starts with TB.
ED = electric energy consumed in Wh (kJ) at the beginning of
the ``ON'' period which follows the measurement of TC.
VA = volume of gas consumed in standard cubic feet (L) at
the end of the last ``ON'' period before the test block reaches
TO.
VB = volume of gas consumed in standard cubic feet (L) at
the beginning of the ``ON'' period following the measurement of
TA.
VC = volume of gas consumed in standard cubic feet (L) at
the end of the ``ON'' period which starts with TB.
VD = volume of gas consumed in standard cubic feet (L) at
the beginning of the ``ON'' period which follows the measurement of
TC.
The energy consumed by a continuously operating clock that cannot
be disconnected during the test may be subtracted from the oven test
energy to obtain the oven test energy consumption, EO.
4.1.1.1 Average test energy consumption. If the conventional oven
can be operated with or without forced convection, determine the
average test energy consumption, EO and EIO, in
watt-hours (kJ) for electric ovens and Btu's (kJ) for gas ovens using
the following equations:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR03OC97.003
Where:
(EO)1=test energy consumption using the forced
convection mode in watt-hours (kJ) for electric ovens and in Btu's (kJ)
for gas ovens as measured in Section 3.2.1.1.
(EO)2=test energy consumption without using the
forced convection mode in watt-hours (kJ) for electric ovens and in
Btu's (kJ) for gas ovens as measured in Section 3.2.1.1.
(EIO)1=electrical energy consumption in watt-
hours (kJ) of a gas oven in forced convection mode as measured in
Section 3.2.1.1. (EIO)2=electrical energy
consumption in watt-hours (kJ) of a gas oven without using the forced
convection mode as measured in Section 3.2.1.1.
The energy consumed by a continuously operating clock that cannot
be disconnected during the test may be subtracted from the oven test
energy to obtain the average test energy consumption EO and
EIO.
4.1.2 Conventional oven annual energy consumption.
4.1.2.1. Annual cooking energy consumption.
4.1.2.1.1. Annual primary energy consumption. Calculate the annual
primary energy consumption for cooking, ECO, expressed in
kilowatt-hours (kJ) per year for electric ovens and in Btu's (kJ) per
year for gas ovens, and defined as:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR03OC97.004
Where:
E O=test energy consumption as measured in Section 3.2.1 or
as calculated in Section 4.1.1 or Section 4.1.1.1.
K e=3.412 Btu/Wh (3.6 kJ/Wh,) conversion factor of watt-
hours to Btu's.
O O=29.3 kWh (105,480 kJ) per year, annual useful cooking
energy output of conventional electric oven.
W 1=measured weight of test block in pounds (kg).
C p=0.23 Btu/lb- deg.F (0.96 kJ/kg bullet deg.C),
specific heat of test block.
T S=234 deg.F (130 deg.C), temperature rise of test block.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR03OC97.005
Where:
EO=test energy consumption as measured in Section 3.2.1. or
as calculated in Section 4.1.1 or Section 4.1.1.1.
OO=88.8 kBtu (93,684 kJ) per year, annual useful cooking
energy output of conventional gas oven.
W1, Cp and TS are the same as defined
above.
4.1.2.1.2 Annual secondary energy consumption for cooking of gas
ovens. Calculate the annual secondary energy consumption for cooking,
ESO, expressed in kilowatt-hours (kJ) per year and defined
as:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR03OC97.006
Where:
EIO=electrical test energy consumption as measured in
Section 3.2.1 or as calculated in Section 4.1.1.1.
OO=29.3 kWh (105,480 kJ) per year, annual useful cooking
energy output.
Ke, W1, Cp, and TS are as
defined in Section 4.1.2.1.1.
4.1.2.2 Annual energy consumption of any continuously burning
pilot lights. Calculate the annual energy consumption of any
continuously burning pilot lights, EPO, expressed in Btu's
(kJ) per year and defined as:
EPO=QOP x H x (A-B),
or,
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR03OC97.007
Where:
QOP=pilot gas flow rate in standard cubic feet per hour (L/
h), as measured in Section 3.2.1.3.
VOP=standard cubic feet (L) of gas consumed by any
continuously burning pilot lights, as measured in Section 3.2.1.3.
tOP=elapsed test time in hours for any continuously burning
pilot lights tested, as measured in Section 3.2.1.3.
H=Hn or Hp, the heating value of the gas used in
the test as specified in
[[Page 51988]]
Section 2.2.2.2 and Section 2.2.2.3 in Btu's per standard cubic foot
(kJ/L).
A=8,760, number of hours in a year.
B=300, number of hours per year any continuously burning pilot lights
contribute to the heating of an oven for cooking food.
4.1.2.3 Annual conventional oven self-cleaning energy.
4.1.2.3.1 Annual primary energy consumption. Calculate the annual
primary energy consumption for conventional oven self-cleaning
operations, ESC, expressed in kilowatt-hours (kJ) per year
for electric ovens and in Btu's (kJ) for gas ovens, and defined as:
ESC=ES x Se x K, for electric ovens,
Where:
ES=energy consumption in watt-hours, as measured in Section
3.2.1.2.
Se=4, average number of times a self-cleaning operation of a
conventional electric oven is used per year.
K=0.001 kWh/Wh conversion factor for watt-hours to kilowatt-hours.
or
ESC=VS x H x Sg, for gas ovens,
Where:
VS=gas consumption in standard cubic feet (L), as measured
in Section 3.2.1.2.
H=Hn or Hp, the heating value of the gas used in
the test as specified in Section 2.2.2.2 and Section 2.2.2.3 in Btu's
per standard cubic foot (kJ/L).
Sg=4, average number of times a self-cleaning operation of a
conventional gas oven is used per year.
The energy consumed by a continuously operating clock that cannot
be disconnected during the self-cleaning test procedure may be
subtracted from the test energy to obtain the test energy consumption,
ESC.
4.1.2.3.2 Annual secondary energy consumption for self-cleaning
operation of gas ovens. Calculate the annual secondary energy
consumption for self-cleaning operations of a gas oven, ESS,
expressed in kilowatt-hours (kJ) per year and defined as:
ESS=EIS x Sg x K,
Where:
EIS=electrical energy consumed during the self-cleaning
operation of a conventional gas oven, as measured in Section 3.2.1.2.
Sg=4, average number of times a self-cleaning operation of a
conventional gas oven is used per year.
K=0.001 kWh/Wh conversion factor for watt-hours to kilowatt-hours.
4.1.2.4 Annual clock energy consumption. Calculate the annual
energy consumption of any constantly operating electric clock,
ECL, expressed in kilowatt-hours (kJ) per year and defined
as:
ECL = PCL x A x K,
Where:
PCL=power rating of clock which is on continuously, in
watts, as measured in Section 3.2.1.4.
A=8,760, number of hours in a year.
K=0.001 kWh/Wh conversion factor for watt-hours to kilowatt-hours.
4.1.2.5 Total annual energy consumption of a single conventional
oven.
4.1.2.5.1 Conventional electric oven energy consumption. Calculate
the total annual energy consumption of a conventional electric oven,
EAO, expressed in kilowatt-hours (kJ) per year and defined
as:
EAO=ECO+ESC+ECL,
Where:
ECO=annual primary cooking energy consumption as determined
in Section 4.1.2.1.1.
ESC=annual primary self-cleaning energy consumption as
determined in Section 4.1.2.3.1.
ECL=annual clock energy consumption as determined in Section
4.1.2.4.
4.1.2.5.2 Conventional gas oven energy consumption. Calculate the
total annual gas energy consumption of a conventional gas oven,
EAOG, expressed in Btu's (kJ) per year and defined as:
EAOG=ECO+ESC+EPO,
Where:
ECO=annual primary cooking energy consumption as determined
in Section 4.1.2.1.1.
EPO=annual pilot light energy consumption as determined in
Section 4.1.2.2.
ESC=annual primary self-cleaning energy consumption as
determined in Section 4.1.2.3.1.
If the conventional gas oven uses electrical energy, calculate the
total annual electrical energy consumption, EAOE, expressed
in kilowatt-hours (kJ) per year and defined as:
EAOE=ESO+ESS+ECL,
Where:
ESO=annual secondary cooking energy consumption as
determined in Section 4.1.2.1.2.
ESS=annual secondary self-cleaning energy consumption as
determined in Section 4.1.2.3.2.
ECL=annual clock energy consumption as determined in Section
4.1.2.4.
4.1.2.6. Total annual energy consumption of multiple conventional
ovens. If the cooking appliance includes more than one conventional
oven, calculate the total annual energy consumption of the conventional
ovens using the following equations:
4.1.2.6.1 Conventional electric oven energy consumption. Calculate
the total annual energy consumption, ETO, in kilowatt-hours (kJ) per
year and defined as:
ETO = EACO + EASC + ECL,
Where:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR03OC97.008
is the average annual primary energy consumption for cooking,
and where:
n = number of conventional ovens in the basic model.
ECO = annual primary energy consumption for cooking as
determined in Section 4.1.2.1.1.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR03OC97.009
average annual self-cleaning energy consumption,
Where:
n = number of self-cleaning conventional ovens in the basic model.
ESC = annual primary self-cleaning energy consumption as
determined according to Section 4.1.2.3.1.
ECL = clock energy consumption as determined according to
Section 4.1.2.4.
4.1.2.6.2 Conventional gas oven energy consumption. Calculate the
total annual gas energy consumption, ETOG, in Btu's (kJ) per
year and defined as:
ETOG = EACO + EASC + ETPO,
Where:
EACO = average annual primary energy consumption for cooking
in Btu's (kJ) per year and is calculated as:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR03OC97.010
Where:
n = number of conventional ovens in the basic model.
ECO = annual primary energy consumption for cooking as
determined in Section 4.1.2.1.1.
and,
EASC = average annual self-cleaning energy consumption in
Btu's (kJ) per year and is calculated as:
[[Page 51989]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR03OC97.011
Where:
n = number of self-cleaning conventional ovens in the basic model.
ESC = annual primary self-cleaning energy consumption as
determined according to Section 4.1.2.3.1.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR03OC97.012
total energy consumption of any pilot lights,
Where:
EPO = annual energy consumption of any continuously burning
pilot lights determined according to Section 4.1.2.2.
n = number of pilot lights in the basic model.
If the oven also uses electrical energy, calculate the total annual
electrical energy consumption, ETOE, in kilowatt-hours (kJ)
per year and defined as:
ETOE = EASO + EAAS + ECL,
Where:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR03OC97.013
is the average annual secondary energy consumption for cooking,
Where:
n=number of conventional ovens in the basic model.
ESO=annual secondary energy consumption for cooking of gas
ovens as determined in Section 4.1.2.1.2.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR03OC97.014
is the average annual secondary self-cleaning energy consumption,
Where:
n=number of self-cleaning ovens in the basic model.
ESS=annual secondary self-cleaning energy consumption of gas
ovens as determined in Section 4.1.2.3.2.
ECL=annual clock energy consumption as determined in Section
4.1.2.4.
4.1.3 Conventional oven cooking efficiency.
4.1.3.1 Single conventional oven. Calculate the conventional oven
cooking efficiency, EffAO, using the following equations:
For electric ovens:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR03OC97.015
and,
For gas ovens:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR03OC97.016
Where:
W1=measured weight of test block in pounds (kg).
Cp=0.23 Btu/lb- deg.F (0.96 kJ/kg deg.C), specific
heat of test block.
TS=234 deg.F (130 deg.C), temperature rise of test block.
EO=test energy consumption as measured in Section 3.2.1 or
calculated in Section 4.1.1 or Section 4.1.1.1.
Ke=3.412 Btu/Wh (3.6 kJ/Wh), conversion factor for watt-
hours to Btu's.
EIO=electrical test energy consumption according to Section
3.2.1 or as calculated in Section 4.1.1.1.
4.1.3.2 Multiple conventional ovens. If the cooking appliance
includes more than one conventional oven, calculate the cooking
efficiency for all of the conventional ovens in the appliance,
EffTO, using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR03OC97.017
Where:
n=number of conventional ovens in the cooking appliance.
EffAO=cooking efficiency of each oven determined according
to Section 4.1.3.1.
4.1.4 Conventional oven energy factor. Calculate the energy
factor, or the ratio of useful cooking energy output to the total
energy input, RO, using the following equations:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR03OC97.018
For electric ovens,
Where:
OO=29.3 kWh (105,480 kJ) per year, annual useful cooking
energy output.
EAO=total annual energy consumption for electric ovens as
determined in Section 4.1.2.5.1.
For gas ovens:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR03OC97.019
Where:
OO=88.8 kBtu (93,684 kJ) per year, annual useful cooking
energy output.
EAOG=total annual gas energy consumption for conventional
gas ovens as determined in Section 4.1.2.5.2.
EAOE=total annual electrical energy consumption for
conventional gas ovens as determined in Section 4.1.2.5.2.
Ke=3,412 Btu/kWh (3,600 kJ/kWh), conversion factor for
kilowatt-hours to Btu's.
4.2 Conventional cooking top
4.2.1 Conventional cooking top cooking efficiency
4.2.1.1 Electric surface unit cooking efficiency. Calculate the
cooking efficiency, EffSU, of the electric surface unit
under test, defined as:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR03OC97.020
Where:
W=measured weight of test block, W2 or W3,
expressed in pounds (kg).
Cp=0.23 Btu/lb- deg.F (0.96 kJ/kg deg.C), specific
heat of test block.
TSU=temperature rise of the test block: final test block
temperature, TCT, as determined in Section 3.2.2, minus the
initial test block temperature, TI, expressed in deg.F
( deg.C) as determined in Section 2.7.5.
Ke=3.412 Btu/Wh (3.6 kJ/Wh), conversion factor of watt-hours
to Btu's.
ECT=measured energy consumption, as determined according to
Section 3.2.2, expressed in watt-hours (kJ).
The energy consumed by a continuously operating clock that cannot
be disconnected during the cooktop test may be subtracted from the
energy consumption, ECT, as determined in Section 3.2.2.
4.2.1.2 Gas surface unit cooking efficiency. Calculate the cooking
efficiency, EffSU, of the gas surface unit under test,
defined as:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR03OC97.021
Where:
W3=measured weight of test block as measured in Section
3.3.2, expressed in pounds (kg).
Cp and TSU are the same as defined in Section
4.2.1.1.
and,
E=[VCT - VCP x H] +
(EIC x Ke),
Where:
VCT=total gas consumption in standard cubic feet (L) for the
gas surface unit test as measured in Section 3.2.2.
EIC=electrical energy consumed in watt-hours (kJ) by an
ignition device of a gas surface unit as measured in Section 3.2.2.
[[Page 51990]]
Ke=3.412 Btu/Wh (3.6 kJ/Wh), conversion factor of watt-hours
to Btu's.
H=either Hn or Hp, the heating value of the gas
used in the test as specified in Section 2.2.2.2 and Section 2.2.2.3,
expressed in Btu's per standard cubic foot (kJ/L) of gas.
VCP=QCP x tCT, pilot consumption, in
standard cubic feet (L), during unit test,
Where:
tCT=the elapsed test time as defined in Section 3.2.2.
and
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR03OC97.022
(pilot flow in standard cubic feet per hour)
Where:
VCP=any pilot lights gas consumption defined in Section
3.2.2.1.
tCP=elapsed time of the cooking top pilot lights test as
defined in Section 3.2.2.1.
4.2.1.3 Conventional cooking top cooking efficiency. Calculate the
conventional cooking top cooking efficiency, EffCT, using
the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR03OC97.023
Where:
n=number of surface units in the cooking top.
EffSU=the efficiency of each of the surface units, as
determined according to Section 4.2.1.1 or Section 4.2.1.2.
4.2.2 Conventional cooking top annual energy consumption.
4.2.2.1 Conventional electric cooking top energy consumption.
Calculate the annual energy consumption of an electric cooking top,
ECA, in kilowatt-hours (kJ) per year, defined as:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR03OC97.024
Where:
OCT=173.1 kWh (623,160 kJ) per year, annual useful cooking
energy output.
EffCT=conventional cooking top cooking efficiency as defined
in Section 4.2.1.3.
4.2.2.2 Conventional gas cooking top
4.2.2.2.1 Annual cooking energy consumption. Calculate the annual
energy consumption for cooking, ECC, in Btu's (kJ) per year
for a gas cooking top, defined as:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR03OC97.025
Where:
OCT=527.6 kBtu (556,618 kJ) per year, annual useful cooking
energy output.
EffCT=the gas cooking top efficiency as defined in Section
4.2.1.3.
4.2.2.2.2 Annual energy consumption of any continuously burning gas
pilots. Calculate the annual energy consumption of any continuously
burning gas pilot lights of the cooking top, EPC, in Btu's
(kJ) per year, defined as:
EPC=QCP x A x H,
Where:
QCP=pilot light gas flow rate as measured in Section
3.2.2.1.
A=8,760 hours, the total number of hours in a year.
H=either Hn or Hp, the heating value of the gas
used in the test as specified in Section 2.2.2.2. and Section 2.2.2.3,
expressed in Btu's per standard cubic foot (kJ/L) of gas.
4.2.2.2.3 Total annual energy consumption of a conventional gas
cooking top. Calculate the total annual energy consumption of a
conventional gas cooking top, ECA, in Btu's (kJ) per year,
defined as:
ECA=ECC + EPC,
Where:
ECC=energy consumption for cooking as determined in Section
4.2.2.2.1.
EPC=annual energy consumption of the pilot lights as
determined in Section 4.2.2.2.2.
4.2.3 Conventional cooking top energy factor. Calculate the energy
factor or ratio of useful cooking energy output for cooking to the
total energy input, RCT, as follows:
For an electric cooking top, the energy factor is the same as the
cooking efficiency as determined according to Section 4.2.1.3.
For gas cooking tops,
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR03OC97.026
Where:
OCT=527.6 kBtu (556,618 kJ) per year, annual useful cooking
energy output of cooking top.
ECA=total annual energy consumption of cooking top
determined according to Section 4.2.2.2.3.
4.3 Combined components. The annual energy consumption of a
kitchen range, e.g. a cooktop and oven combined, shall be the sum of
the annual energy consumption of each of its components. The annual
energy consumption for other combinations of ovens, cooktops and
microwaves will also be treated as the sum of the annual energy
consumption of each of its components. The energy factor of a combined
component is the sum of the annual useful cooking energy output of each
component divided by the sum of the total annual energy consumption of
each component.
4.4 Microwave oven.
4.4.1 Microwave oven test energy output. Calculate the microwave
oven test energy output, ET, in watt-hour's (kJ). The
calculation is repeated two or three times as required in section
3.2.3. The average of the ET's is used for a calculation in
section 4.4.3. For calculations specified in units of energy [watt-
hours (kJ)], use the equation below:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR03OC97.027
Where:
MW=the measured mass of the test water load, in pounds (g).
MC=the measured mass of the test container before filling
with test water load, in pounds (g).
T1=the initial test water load temperature, in deg.F
( deg.C).
T2=the final test water load temperature, in deg.F
( deg.C).
T0=the measured ambient room temperature, in deg.F
( deg.C).
CC=0.210 Btu/lb- deg.F (0.88 kJ/kgy deg.C),
specific heat of test container.
Cp=1.0 Btu/lb- deg.F (4.187 kJ/kgy deg.C),
specific heat of water.
Ke=3,412 Btu/kWh (3,600 kJ/kWh) conversion factor of
kilowatt-hours to Btu's.
4.4.2 Microwave oven test power output. Calculate the microwave
oven test power output, PT, in watts (J/s) as specified in
Section four, paragraph 12.5 of IEC 705 Amendment 2 See Section 430.22.
The calculation is repeated for each test as required in section 3.2.3.
The average of the two or three PT's is used for
calculations in section 4.4.4. (See 10 CFR 430.22)
4.4.3 Microwave oven annual energy consumption. Calculate the
microwave oven annual energy consumption, Emo, in KWh's per
year, defined as:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR03OC97.028
Where:
EM=the energy consumption as defined in Section 3.2.3.
OM=79.8 kWh (287,280 kJ) per year, the microwave oven annual
useful cooking energy output.
[[Page 51991]]
ET=the test energy as calculated in Section 4.4.1.
4.4.4 Microwave oven cooking efficiency. Calculate the microwave oven
cooking efficiency, EffMO, as specified in Section four,
paragraph 14 of IEC 705.
4.4.5 Microwave oven energy factor. Calculate the energy factor or the
ratio of the useful cooking energy output to total energy input on a
yearly basis, RMO, defined as:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR03OC97.029
Where:
OM=79.8 kWh (287,280 kJ) per year, annual useful cooking
energy output.
EMO=annual total energy consumption as determined in Section
4.4.3.
[FR Doc. 97-25745 Filed 10-2-97; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6450-01-P
