R1-55530. Control of Air Pollution From Locomotives and Locomotive Engines; Republication  

  • [Federal Register Volume 66, Number 230 (Thursday, November 29, 2001)]
    [Corrections]
    [Pages 59602-59608]
    From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
    [FR Doc No: R1-55530]
    
    
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    ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
    
    40 CFR Part 92
    
    
    Control of Air Pollution From Locomotives and Locomotive Engines; 
    Republication
    
    CFR Correction
    
        Editorial Note: On Monday, November 26, 2001, this rule document 
    FR Doc. 01-55530 appeared on 66 FR 58953-58964. Due to additional 
    text being inadvertently added, it is being reprinted in its 
    entirety.
        In Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Parts 87 to 99, 
    revised as of July 1, 2001, part 92 is corrected in Sec. 92.120 by 
    revising equations (1) and (2) in paragraph (c)(2)(v), in Sec. 92.121 
    by revising paragraphs (b)(2)(vi), (b)(2)(ix), (b)(2)(xi)(A), and 
    (b)(4)(iv), and by revising Sec. 92.132 to read as follows:
    
    
    Sec. 92.120  NDIR analyzer calibration and checks.
    
    * * * * *
        (c)* * *
        (2)* * *
        (v)* * *
    
     y = Ax4 + Bx3 + Cx2 + Dx + E   (1)
     y = x/(Ax4 + Bx3 + Cx2 + Dx + E)  (2)
    
    where:
    
     y = concentration.
     x = chart deflection.
    
    * * * * *
    
    
    Sec. 92.121  Oxides of nitrogen analyzer calibration and check.
    
    * * * * *
        (b)* * *
        (2)* * *
        (vi) Turn on the NOX generator O2 (or air) 
    supply and adjust the O2 (or air) flow rate so that the NO 
    indicated by the analyzer is about 10 percent less than indicated in 
    step in paragraph (b)(2)(v) of this section. Record the concentration 
    of NO in this NO + O2 mixture.
    * * * * *
        (ix) Switch off the NOX generation, but maintain gas 
    flow through the system. The oxides of nitrogen analyzer will indicate 
    the total NOX in the NO + O2 mixture. Record this 
    value.
    * * * * *
        (xi)* * *
        (A) Percent Efficiency=(1 + (a - b)/(c - d))(100)
    
    where:
    
    a=concentration obtained in paragraph (b)(2)(viii) of this section.
    b=concentration obtained in paragraph (b)(2)(ix) of this section.
    c=concentration obtained in paragraph (b)(2)(vi) of this section.
    d=concentration obtained in paragraph (b)(2)(vii) of this section.
    
    * * * * *
        (4)* * *
        (iv) Calculate the concentration of the converter checking gas 
    using the results from step in paragraph (b)(4)(iii) of this section 
    and the converter efficiency from paragraph (b)(2) of this section as 
    follows:
    
    Concentration=(((X-Y)(100))/Efficiency) + Y
    
    * * * * *
    
    
    Sec. 92.132  Calculations.
    
        (a) Duty-cycle emissions. This section describes the calculation of 
    duty-cycle emissions, in terms of grams per brake horsepower hour (g/
    bhp-hr). The calculation involves the weighted summing of the product 
    of the throttle notch mass emission rates and dividing by the weighted 
    sum of the brake horsepower. The final reported duty-cycle emission 
    test results are calculated as follows:
        (1)(i) Eidc=((Mij)(Fj))/
    ((BHPj)(Fj))
    
    Where:
    
    Eidc=Duty-cycle weighted, brake-specific mass emission 
    rate of pollutant i (i.e., HC, CO, NOX or PM and, if 
    appropriate, THCE or NMHC) in grams per brake horsepower-hour;
    Mij=the mass emission rate pollutant i for mode j;
    Fj=the applicable weighting factor listed in Table B132-1 
    for mode j;
    BHPj=the measured brake horsepower for mode j.
    
        (ii) Table B132-1 follows:
    
                             Table B132-1--Weighting Factors for Calculating Emission Rates
    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                   Locomotive not equipped  Locomotive equipped with
                                                                     with multiple idle       multiple idle notches
                 Throttle notch setting               Test mode            notches         -------------------------
                                                                 --------------------------
                                                                   Line-haul      Switch     Line-haul      Switch
    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Low Idle.......................................           1a           NA           NA        0.190        0.299
    
    [[Page 59603]]
    
     
    Normal Idle....................................            1        0.380        0.598        0.190        0.299
    Dynamic Brake..................................            2        0.125        0.000        0.125        0.000
    Notch 1........................................            3        0.065        0.124        0.065        0.124
    Notch 2........................................            4        0.065        0.123        0.065        0.123
    Notch 3........................................            5        0.052        0.058        0.052        0.058
    Notch 4........................................            6        0.044        0.036        0.044        0.036
    Notch 5........................................            7        0.038        0.036        0.038        0.036
    Notch 6........................................            8        0.039        0.015        0.039        0.015
    Notch 7........................................            9        0.030        0.002        0.030        0.002
    Notch 8........................................           10        0.162        0.008        0.162        0.008
    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    
        (2) Example: For the line-haul cycle, for locomotives equipped with 
    normal and low idle, and with dynamic brake, the brake-specific 
    emission rate for HC would be calculated as:
    
    EHCdc=[(MHCla) (0.190) + (MHC1) 
    (0.190) + (MHC2) (0.125) + (MHC3) (0.065) + 
    (MHC4) (0.065) + (MHC5) (0.052) + 
    (MHC6) (0.044) + (MHC7) (0.038) + 
    (MHC8) (0.039) + (MHC9) (0.030) + 
    (MHC10) (0.162)]/[(BHP1a) (0.190) + 
    (BHP1) (0.190) + (BHP2) (0.125) + 
    (BHP3) (0.065) + (BHP4) (0.065) + 
    (BHP5) (0.052) + (BHP6) (0.044) + 
    (BHP7) (0.038) + (BHP8) (0.039) + 
    (BHP9) (0.030) + (BHP10) (0.162)]
    
        (3) In each mode, brake horsepower output is the power that the 
    engine delivers as output (normally at the flywheel), as defined in 
    Sec. 92.2.
        (i) For locomotive testing (or engine testing using a locomotive 
    alternator/generator instead of a dynamometer), brake horsepower is 
    calculated as:
    
    BHP=HPout/Aeff + HPacc
    
    Where:
    
    HPout=Measured horsepower output of the alternator/
    generator.
    Aeff=Efficiency of the alternator/generator.
    HPacc=Accessory horsepower.
    
        (ii) For engine dynamometer testing, brake horsepower is determined 
    from the engine speed and torque.
        (4) For locomotive equipped with features that shut the engine off 
    after prolonged periods of idle, the measured mass emission rate 
    Mi1 (and Mi1a as applicable) shall be multiplied 
    by a factor equal to one minus the estimated fraction reduction in 
    idling time that will result in use from the shutdown feature. 
    Application of this adjustment is subject to the Administrator's 
    approval.
        (b) Throttle notch emissions. This paragraph (b) describes the 
    calculation of throttle notch emissions for all operating modes, 
    including: idle (normal and low, as applicable); dynamic brake; and 
    traction power points. The throttle notch (operating mode) emission 
    test results, final reported values and values used in paragraph (a)(1) 
    of this section are calculated as follows:
        (1) Brake specific emissions (Eij) in grams per brake 
    horsepower-hour of each species i (i.e., HC, CO, NOX or PM 
    and, if appropriate, THCE or NMHC) for each mode j:
        (i) EHC mode=HC grams/BHP-hr=MHC mode/
    Measured BHP in mode.
    
    Where:
    
    MHC mode=Mass HC emissions (grams per hour) for each test 
    mode.
    
        (ii) ETHCE mode=THCE grams/BHP-hr=MTHCE mode/
    Measured BHP in mode.
    
    Where:
    
    MTHCE mode (Total hydrocarbon equivalent mass emissions 
    (grams per hour) for each test mode):
    =MHCj +  (Mij) (MWCp)/
    MWCi
    Mij=the mass emission rate oxygenated pollutant i for 
    mode j.
    MWCi=the molecular weight of pollutant i divided by the 
    number of carbon atoms per molecule of pollutant i.
    MWCp=the molecular weight of a typical petroleum fuel 
    component divided by the number of carbon atoms per molecule of a 
    typical petroleum fuel component=13.8756.
    
        (iii) ENMHC mode=NMHC grams/BHP-
    hr=MNMHC mode/Measured BHP in mode.
    
    Where:
    
    MNMHC mode=Mass NMHC emissions (grams per hour) for each 
    test mode.
    
        (iv) ECO mode=CO grams/BHP-hr=MCO mode/
    Measured BHP in mode.
    
    Where:
    
    MCO mode=Mass CO emissions (grams per hour) for each test 
    mode.
    
        (v) ENOx mode=NOX grams/BHP-
    hr=MNOx mode/Measured BHP in mode.
    
    Where:
    
    MNOx mode=Mass NOX emissions (grams per hour) 
    for each test mode.
    
        (vi) EPM mode=PM grams/BHP-hr=MPM mode/
    Measured BHP in mode.
    
    Where:
    
    MPM mode=Mass PM emissions (grams per hour) for each test 
    mode.
    
        (vii) EAL mode=Aldehydes grams/BHP-
    hr=MAL mode/Measured BHP in mode.
        (vii) EAL mode=Aldehydes grams/BHP-
    hr=MAL mode/Measured BHP in mode.
    
    Where:
    
    MAL mode=Total aldehyde mass emissions (grams per hour) 
    for each test mode.
    
        (2) Mass Emissions--Raw exhaust measurements. For raw exhaust 
    measurements mass emissions (grams per hour) of each species for each 
    mode:
        (i) General equations. (A) The mass emission rate, 
    MX mode (g/hr), of each pollutant (HC, NOX, 
    CO2, CO, CH4 CH3OH, 
    CH3CH2OH, CH2O, 
    CH3CH2O) for each operating mode for raw 
    measurements is determined based on one of the following equations:
    
    MX mode=(DX/106)(DVol)(MWX/
    Vm)
    MX mode=(WX/106)(WVol)(MWX/
    Vm)
    
    Where:
    
    X designates the pollutant (e.g., HC), DX is the concentration of 
    pollutant X (ppm or ppmC) on a dry basis, MWX is the 
    molecular weight of the pollutant (g/mol), DVol is the total exhaust 
    flow rate (ft3/hr) on a dry basis, WX is the 
    concentration of pollutant X (ppm or ppmC) on a wet basis, WVol is 
    the total exhaust flow rate (ft3/hr) on a wet basis, 
    Vm is the volume of one mole of gas at standard 
    temperature and pressure (ft3/mol).
    
        (B) All measured volumes and volumetric flow rates must be 
    corrected to standard temperature and pressure prior to calculations.
        (ii) The following abbreviations and equations apply to this 
    paragraph (b)(2):
    
    =Atomic hydrogen/carbon ratio of the fuel.
    =Atomic oxygen/carbon ratio of the fuel.
    CMWf=Molecular weight of the fuel per carbon atom, or 
    carbon molecular weight (g/moleC)=(12.011 + 1.008 + 
    16.000).
    DCO=CO concentration in exhaust, ppm (dry).
    DCO2=CO2 concentration in exhaust, percent 
    (dry).
    DHC=HC carbon concentration in exhaust, ppm C (dry).
    
    [[Page 59604]]
    
    DNOX=NOX concentration in exhaust, in ppm (dry).
    DVol=Total exhaust flow rate (ft3/hr) on a dry basis; or
      =(Vm)(Wf)/((CMWf) (DHC/
    106 + DCO/106 + DCO2/100)).
    K=Water gas equilibrium constant=3.5.
    Kw=Wet to dry correction factor.
    MF=Mass flow-rate of fuel used in the engine in lb/
    hr=Wf/453.59.
    MWC=Atomic weight of carbon=12.011.
    MWCO=Molecular weight of CO=28.011.
    MWH=Atomic weight of hydrogen=1.008.
    MWNO2=Molecular weight of nitrogen dioxide 
    (NO2)=46.008.
    MWO=Molecular weight of atomic oxygen=16.000.
    T=Temperature of inlet air (  deg.F).
    Vm=Volume of one mole of gas at standard temperature and 
    pressure (ft3/mole).
    Wf=Mass flow-rate of fuel used in the engine, in grams/
    hr=(453.59) x (Mf lbs/hr).
    WCO2=CO2 concentration in exhaust, percent 
    (wet).
    WHC=HC concentration in exhaust, ppm C (wet).
    WVol=Total exhaust flow rate (ft3/hr) on a wet basis; or
      =(Vm)(Wf)/((CMWf)(WHC/
    106 + WCO/106 WCO2/100)).
    
        (iii) Calculation of individual pollutant masses. Calculations for 
    mass emission are shown here in multiple forms. One set of equations is 
    used when sample is analyzed dry (equations where the concentrations 
    are expressed as DX), and the other set is used when the sample is 
    analyzed wet (equations where the concentrations are expressed as WX). 
    When samples are analyzed for some constituents dry and for some 
    constituents wet, the wet concentrations must be converted to dry 
    concentrations, and the equations for dry concentrations used. Also, 
    the equations for HC, NMHC, CO, and NOX have multiple forms 
    that are algebraically equivalent: An explicit form that requires 
    intermediate calculation of Vm and DVol or WVol; and an 
    implicit form that uses only the concentrations (e.g., DCO) and the 
    mass flow rate of the fuel. For these calculations, either form may be 
    used.
        (A) Hydrocarbons and nonmethane hydrocarbons.
        (1) Hydrocarbons. (i) For petroleum-fueled engines:
    
    MHC mode
          =(DHC)CMWf(DVol)(106)/Vm
          =((DHC/106)(Wf)/((DCO/106) + 
    (DCO2/100) + (DHC/106) + (DX/
    106)))
    MHC mode
        =(WHC)CMWf(WVol)(106)/Vm
        =((WHC/106)(Wf)/((WCO/106) + 
    (WCO2/100) + (WHC/106) + ((WX/
    106)))
    
        (ii) For alcohol-fueled engines:
    
    DHC=FID HC - (rx)(DX)
    WHC=FID HC - (rx)(WX)
    
    Where:
    
    FID HC=Concentration of ``hydrocarbon'' plus other organics such as 
    methanol in exhaust as measured by the FID, ppm carbon equivalent.
    rx=FID response to oxygenated species x (methanol, 
    ethanol, or acetaldehyde).
    DX=Concentration of oxygenated species x (methanol, ethanol, or 
    acetaldehyde) in exhaust as determined from the dry exhaust sample, 
    ppm carbon (e.g., DCH3OH, 2(DCH3CH2OH)).
    WX=Concentration of oxygenated species x (methanol, ethanol, or 
    acetaldehyde) in exhaust as determined from the wet exhaust sample, 
    ppm carbon.
    DX=The sum of concentrations DX for all oxygenated species.
    WX=The sum of concentrations WX for all oxygenated species.
    
        (2) Nonmethane hydrocarbons:
    
    MNMHC mode=(DNMHC)CMWf(DVol) (106)/
    Vm
    =((DNMHC/106)(Wf)/((DCO/106) + 
    (DCO2/100) + (DHC/106)))
    MNMHC mode=(WNMHC)CMWf(WVol) (106)/
    Vm
    =((WNMHC/106)(Wf)/((WCO/106) + 
    (WCO2/100) + (WHC/106)))
    
    Where:
    
    DNMHC=FID HC - (rCH4)(DCH4)
    WNMHC=FID HC - (rCH4)(WCH4)
    FID HC=Concentration of ``hydrocarbon'' plus other organics such as 
    methane in exhaust as measured by the FID, ppm carbon equivalent.
    rCH4=FID response to methane.
    DCH4=Concentration of methane in exhaust as determined from the dry 
    exhaust sample, ppm.
    WCH4=Concentration of methane in exhaust as determined from the wet 
    exhaust sample, ppm.
    
        (B) Carbon monoxide:
    
    MCO mode=(DCO)MWCO(DVol)/106/
    Vm
    =((MWCO(DCO/106)(Wf)/
    ((CMWf)(DCO/106) + (DCO2/100) + DHC/
    106) + (DX/106)))
    MCO mode=(WCO)MWCO(DVol)(106)/
    Vm
     + ((MWCO(WCO/106)(Wf)/
    ((CMWf)(WCO/106) + (WCO2/100) + WHC/
    106) + (WX/106)))
    
        (C) Oxides of nitrogen:
    
    MNOx mode=(DNOX)MWNO2(DVol)(106)/
    Vm
    =((MWNO2(DNOX/106)(Wf)/
    ((CMWf)(DCO/106) + (DCO2/100) + (DHC/
    106) + (DX/106)))
    MNOx mode=(WNOX)MWNO2(DVol)(106)/
    Vm
    =((MWNO2(WNOX/106)(Wf)/
    ((CMWf)(WCO/106) + (WCO2/100) + (WHC/
    106) + (WX/106)))
    
        (D) Methanol:
    
    MCH3OH mode=(DCH3OH/106)32.042(DVol)/
    Vm
    MCH3OH mode=(WCH3OH/106)32.042(WVol)/
    Vm
    
    Where:
    
    DCH3OH=(Vm)(106)[(C1 x AV1
    ) + (C2 x AV2)]/DVolMS.
    WCH3OH=(Vm)(106)[(C1 x AV1
    ) + (C2 x AV2)]/WVolMS.
    Ci=concentration of methanol in impinger i (1 or 2) in 
    mol/ml.
    AVi=Volume of absorbing reagent in impinger i (1 or 2) in 
    ml.
    DVolMS=Volume (standard ft3) of exhaust sample 
    drawn through methanol impingers (dry).
    WVolMS=Volume (standard ft3) of exhaust sample 
    drawn through methanol impingers (wet).
    
        (E) Ethanol:
    
    MCH3CH2OH mode=(DCH3CH2OH/106)23.035(DVol)/
    Vm
    MCH3CH2OH mode = (WCH3CH2OH/106)23.035(WVol)/
    Vm
    
    Where:
    
    DCH3CH2OH=(Vm)(106)[(C1 x AV1
    )
           + (C2 x AV2)]/DVolES.
    WCH3CH2OH=(Vm)(106) 
    [(C1 x AV1) + 
    (C2 x AV2)]/WVolES.
    Ci=concentration of ethanol in impinger i (1 or 2) in 
    mol/ml.
    AVi=Volume of absorbing reagent in impinger i (1 or 2) in 
    ml.
    DVolES=Volume (standard ft3) of exhaust sample 
    drawn through ethanol impingers (dry).
    WVolES=Volume (standard ft3) of exhaust sample 
    drawn through ethanol impingers (wet).
    
        (F) Formaldehyde:
    
    MCH2O mode=(DCH2O/106)30.026(DVol)/Vm
    MCH2O mode=(WCH2O/106)30.026(WVol)/Vm
    
        (1) If aldehydes are measured using impingers:
    
    DCH2O=(Vm)(106)[(C1 x AV1) 
    + (C2 x AV2)]/DVolFS
    WCH2O=(Vm)(106)[(C1 x AV1) 
    + (C2 x AV2)]/WVolFS
    
        (2) If aldehydes are measured using cartridges:
    
    DCH2O=(Vm)(106)(CR x AVR)/
    DVolFS
    
    WCH2O=(Vm)(106)(CR x AVR)/
    WVolFS
    
        (3) The following definitions apply to this paragraph 
    (b)(2)(iii)(F):
    
    AVi=Volume of absorbing reagent in impinger i (1 or 2) in 
    ml.
    AVR=Volume of absorbing reagent use to rinse the 
    cartridge in ml.
    Ci=concentration of formaldehyde in impinger i (1 or 2) 
    in mol/ml.
    CR=concentration of formaldehyde in solvent rinse in mol/
    ml.
    DVolFS=Volume (standard ft3) of exhaust sample 
    drawn through formaldehyde sampling system (dry).
    WVolFS=Volume (standard ft3) of exhaust sample 
    drawn through formaldehyde sampling system (wet).
    
        (G) Acetaldehyde:
    
    MCH3CHO mode=(DCH3CHO/106)27.027(DVol)/
    Vm
    
    [[Page 59605]]
    
    MCH3CHO mode=(WCH3CHO/106)27.027(WVol)/
    Vm
    
        (1) If aldehydes are measured using impingers:
    
    DCH3CHO=(Vm)(106)[(C1 x AV1)
     + (C2 x  AV2)]/DVolAS
    
    WCH3CHO=(Vm)(106)[(C1 x AV1)
     + C2 x  AV2)]/WVolAS
        (2) If aldehydes are measured using cartridges:
    
    DCH3CHO=(Vm)(106)(CR x AVR)/
    DVolAS
    WCH3CHO=(Vm)(106)(CR x AVR)/
    WVolAS
    
        (3) The following definitions apply to this paragraph 
    (b)(2)(iii)(G):
    
    AVi=Volume of absorbing reagent in impinger i (1 or 2) in 
    ml.
    AVR=Volume of absorbing reagent use to rinse the 
    cartridge in ml.
    Ci=concentration of acetaldehyde in impinger i (1 or 2) 
    in mol/ml.
    CR=concentration of acetaldehyde in solvent rinse in mol/
    ml.
    DVolAS=Volume (standard ft3) of exhaust sample 
    drawn through acetaldehyde sampling system (dry).
    WVolAS=Volume (standard ft3) of exhaust sample 
    drawn through acetaldehyde sampling system (wet).
    
        (iv) Conversion of wet concentrations to dry concentrations. Wet 
    concentrations are converted to dry concentrations using the following 
    equation:
    
    DX=KW WX
    
    Where:
    
    WX is the concentration of species X on a wet basis.
    DX is the concentration of species X on a dry basis.
    KW is a conversion factor=WVol/DVol=1 + DH2O.
    
        (A) Iterative calculation of conversion factor. The conversion 
    factor KW is calculated from the fractional volume of water 
    in the exhaust on a dry basis (DH2O=volume of water in exhaust/dry 
    volume of exhaust). Precise calculation of the conversion factor 
    KW must be done by iteration, since it requires the dry 
    concentration of HC, but HC emissions are measured wet.
        (1) The conversion factor is calculated by first assuming DHC=WHC 
    to calculate DVol:
    
    DVol=(Vm)(Wf)/((CMWf)(DHC/
    106 + DCO/106 + DCO2/100))
    
        (2) This estimate is then used in the following equations to 
    calculate DVolair, then DH2O, then KW, which 
    allows DHC to be determined more accurately from WHC:
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR16AP98.009
    
    
    Where:
    
    Y=Water volume concentration in intake air, volume fraction (dry).
    DVolair=Air intake flow rate (ft3/hr) on a dry 
    basis, measured, or calculated as:
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR16AP98.010
    
    
        (3) The calculations are repeated using this estimate of DHC. If 
    the new estimate for KW is not within one percent of the 
    previous estimate, the iteration is repeated until the difference in 
    KW between iterations is less than one percent.
        (B) Alternate calculation of DH2O (approximation). The following 
    approximation may be used for DH2O instead of the calculation in 
    paragraph (b)(2)(iv)(A) of this section:
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR16AP98.011
    
    
    Where:
    
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR16AP98.012
    
    
    Y=Water volume concentration in intake air, volume fraction (dry).
    
        (3) Mass Emissions--Dilute exhaust measurements. For dilute exhaust 
    measurements mass emissions (grams per hour) of each species for each 
    mode:
        (i) General equations. The mass emission rate, Mx mode 
    (g/hr) of each pollutant (HC, NOX, CO2, CO, CH4 CH3OH, 
    CH3CH2OH, CH2O, CH3CH2O) for each operating mode for bag measurements 
    and diesel continuously heated sampling system measurements is 
    determined from the following equation:
    
    Mx mode=(Vmix)(Densityx)(Xconc
    )/(Vf)
    
    Where:
    
    x designates the pollutant (e.g., HC), Vmix is the total 
    diluted exhaust volumetric flow rate (ft3/hr), 
    Densityx is the specified density of the pollutant in the 
    gas phase (g/ft3), Xconc is the fractional 
    concentration of pollutant x (i.e., ppm/106, ppmC/
    106, or %/100), and Vf is the fraction of the 
    raw exhaust that is diluted for analysis.
    
    
    [[Page 59606]]
    
    
        (ii) The following abbreviations and equations apply to paragraphs 
    (b)(3)(i) through (b)(3)(iii)(J) of this section:
        (A) DF=Dilution factor, which is the volumetric ratio of the 
    dilution air to the raw exhaust sample for total dilution, calculated 
    as:
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR16AP98.013
    
    
    Where:
    
    WCO2=Carbon dioxide concentration of the raw exhaust sample, in 
    percent (wet).
    WCO2e=Carbon dioxide concentration of the dilute exhaust 
    sample, in percent (wet).
    WCO2d=Carbon dioxide concentration of the dilution air, 
    in percent (wet).
    
        (B) Vmix=Diluted exhaust volumetric flow rate in cubic 
    feet per hour corrected to standard conditions (528 deg.R, and 760 mm 
    Hg).
        (C) Vf=Fraction of the total raw exhaust that is diluted 
    for analysis.
    
    =((CO2conc/102) + (COconc/
    106) + (HCconc/
    106))(Vmix)(CMWf)/Vm/
    Mf
    
        (iii) Calculation of individual pollutants.
        (A) MHC mode=Hydrocarbon emissions, in grams per hour by 
    mode, are calculated using the following equations:
    
    MHC mode=(Vmix)(DensityHC)(HCconc
    /106)/Vf
    HCconc=HCe - (HCd)(1 - (1/DF))
    HCe=FID HCe - 
    (rx)(Xe)
    
    Where:
    
    DensityHC=Density of hydrocarbons=16.42 g/ft3 
    (0.5800 kg/m3) for #l petroleum diesel fuel, 16.27 g/
    ft3 (0.5746 kg/m3) for #2 diesel, and 16.33 g/
    ft3 (0.5767 kg/m3) for other fuels, assuming 
    an average carbon to hydrogen ratio of 1:1.93 for #1 petroleum 
    diesel fuel, 1:1.80 for #2 petroleum diesel fuel, and 1:1.85 for 
    hydrocarbons in other fuels at standard conditions.
    HCconc=Hydrocarbon concentration of the dilute exhaust 
    sample corrected for background, in ppm carbon equivalent (i.e., 
    equivalent propane x 3).
    HCe=Hydrocarbon concentration of the dilute exhaust bag 
    sample, or for diesel continuous heated sampling systems, average 
    hydrocarbon concentration of the dilute exhaust sample as determined 
    from the integrated HC traces, in ppm carbon equivalent. For 
    petroleum-fueled engines, HCe is the FID measurement. For 
    methanol-fueled and ethanol-fueled engines:
    FID HCe=Concentration of hydrocarbon plus methanol, 
    ethanol and acetaldehyde in dilute exhaust as measured by the FID, 
    ppm carbon equivalent.
    rx=FID response to oxygenated species x (methanol, 
    ethanol or acetaldehyde).
    Xe=Concentration of species x (methanol, ethanol or 
    acetaldehyde) in dilute exhaust as determined from the dilute 
    exhaust sample, ppm carbon.
    HCd=Hydrocarbon concentration of the dilution air as 
    measured, in ppm carbon equivalent.
    
        (B) MNOx mode = Oxides of nitrogen emissions, in grams 
    per hour by mode, are calculated using the following equations:
    
    MNOx mode=(Vmix) (DensityNO2) 
    (NOxconc/10 \6\) /Vf
    NOxconc=(NOxe - NOxd(1 - (1/DF)))
    
    Where:
    
    DensityNO2=Density of oxides of nitrogen is 54.16 g/ft\3\ 
    (1.913 kg/m\3\), assuming they are in the form of nitrogen dioxide, 
    at standard conditions.
    NOxconc=Oxides of nitrogen concentration of the dilute 
    exhaust sample corrected for background, in ppm.
    NOxe=Oxides of nitrogen concentration of the dilute 
    exhaust bag sample as measured, in ppm.
    NOxd=Oxides of nitrogen concentration of the dilution air 
    as measured, in ppm.
    
        (C) MCO2 mode=Carbon dioxide emissions, in grams per 
    hour by mode, are calculated using the following equations:
    
    MCO2 mode=(Vmix) (Density CO2) 
    (CO2conc/10\2\) /Vf
    
    CO2conc=CO2e - CO2d(1 - (1/DF))
    
    Where:
    
    Density CO2=Density of carbon dioxide is 51.81 g/ft\3\ 
    (1.830 kg/m\3\), at standard conditions.
    CO2conc=Carbon dioxide concentration of the dilute 
    exhaust sample corrected for background, in percent.
    CO2e=Carbon dioxide concentration of the dilute exhaust 
    bag sample, in percent.
    CO2d=Carbon dioxide concentration of the dilution air as 
    measured, in percent.
    
        (D)(1) MCO mode=Carbon monoxide emissions, in grams per 
    hour by mode, are calculated using the following equations:
    
    MCO mode=(Vmix)(DensityCO)(COconc
    /10\6\)/Vf
    
    COconc=COe - COd(1 - (1/DF))
    
    COd=(1 - 0.000323R)COdm
    
    Where:
    
    DensityCO=Density of carbon monoxide is 32.97 g/ft\3\ 
    (1.164 kg/m\3\), at standard conditions.
    COconc=Carbon monoxide concentration of the dilute 
    exhaust sample corrected for background, water vapor, and 
    CO2 extraction, ppm.
    COe=Carbon monoxide concentration of the dilute exhaust 
    sample volume corrected for water vapor and carbon dioxide 
    extraction, in ppm.
    COe=(1 - (0.01 + 0.005/)CO2e - 
    0.000323RH)COem, where  is the hydrogen to 
    carbon ratio as measured for the fuel used.
    COem=Carbon monoxide concentration of the dilute exhaust 
    sample as measured, in ppm.
    RH = Relative humidity of the dilution air, percent.
    COd=Carbon monoxide concentration of the dilution air 
    corrected for water vapor extraction, in ppm.
    COdm=Carbon monoxide concentration of the dilution air 
    sample as measured, in ppm.
    
        (2) If a CO instrument which meets the criteria specified in 
    Sec. 86.1311 of this chapter is used and the conditioning column has 
    been deleted, COem must be substituted directly for 
    COe, and COdm must be substituted directly for 
    COd.
        (E) MCH4 mode=Methane emissions corrected for 
    background, in gram per hour by mode, are calculated using the 
    following equations:
    
    MCH4 mode=(Vmix) (DensityCH4) 
    (CH4conc/10\6\) /Vf
    CH4conc=CCH4e - CCH4d(1 - (1/DF))
    
    Where:
    
    DensityCH4=Density of methane is 18.89 g/ft\3\ at 68 
    deg.F (20  deg.C) and 760 mm Hg (101.3kPa) pressure.
    CH4conc=Methane concentration of the dilute exhaust 
    corrected for background, in ppm.
    CCH4e=Methane concentration in the dilute exhaust, in 
    ppm.
    CCH4d=Methane concentration in the dilution air, in ppm.
    
        (F) MCH3OH mode=Methanol emissions corrected for 
    background, in gram per hour by mode, are calculated using the 
    following equations:
    
    MCH3OH mode=(Vmix)(DensityCH3OH) 
    (CH3OHconc/10\6\)/Vf
    CH3OHconc=CCH3OHe - CCH3OHd(1 - (1/
    DF))
    CCH3OHe=((3.817)(10 - 2)(TEM) 
    (((CS1)(AVS1)) + (CS2) 
    (AVS2)))/((PB)(VEM))
    CCH3OHd=((3.817)(10-2)(TDM)(((CD1
    ) (AVD1)) + (CD2) (AVD2)))/
    ((PB)(VDM))
    
    Where:
    
    DensityCH3OH=Density of methanol is 37.71 g/ft\3\ (1.332 
    kg/m\3\), at 68  deg.F (20  deg.C) and 760 mm Hg (101.3kPa) 
    pressure.
    CH3OHconc=Methanol concentration of the dilute exhaust 
    corrected for background, in ppm.
    CCH3OHe=Methanol concentration in the dilute exhaust, in 
    ppm.
    CCH3OHd=Methanol concentration in the dilution air, in 
    ppm.
    TEM=Temperature of methanol sample withdrawn from dilute 
    exhaust,  deg.R.
    TDM=Temperature of methanol sample withdrawn from 
    dilution air,  deg.R.
    PB=Barometric pressure during test, mm Hg.
    VEM=Volume of methanol sample withdrawn from dilute 
    exhaust, ft \3\.
    VDM=Volume of methanol sample withdrawn from dilution 
    air, ft \3\.
    CS=GC concentration of aqueous sample drawn from dilute 
    exhaust, g/ml.
    CD=GC concentration of aqueous sample drawn from dilution 
    air, g/ml.
    AVS=Volume of absorbing reagent (deionized water) in 
    impinger through which methanol sample from dilute exhaust is drawn, 
    ml.
    AVD=Volume of absorbing reagent (deionized water) in 
    impinger through which methanol sample from dilution air is drawn, 
    ml.
        1=first impinger.
    
    [[Page 59607]]
    
        2=second impinger.
    
        (G) MC2H5OH mode=Ethanol emissions corrected for 
    background, in gram per hour by mode, are calculated using the 
    following equations:
    
    MCH3CH2OH mode=(Vmix)(DensityCH3CH2OH) 
    ((CH3CH2OHconc/10 \6\))/Vf
    CH3CH2OHconc=CCH3CH2OHe - 
    CCH3CH2OHd(1 - (1/DF))
    CCH3CH2OHd=((2.654)(10 - 2)(TDM)(((CD1
    )(AVD1)) + (CD2)(AVD2)))/
    ((PB)(VDM))
    CCH3CH2OHe=((2.654)(10- 
    2)(TEM)(((CS1)(AVS1)) + 
    (CS2)(AVS2)))/((PB)(VEM))
    
    Where:
    
    DensityC2H5OH=Density of ethanol is 54.23 g/ft \3\ (1.915 
    kg/m \3\), at 68  deg.F (20  deg.C) and 760 mm Hg (101.3kPa) 
    pressure.
    CH3CH2OHconc=Ethanol concentration 
    of the dilute exhaust corrected for background, in ppm.
    CCH3CH2OHe=Ethanol concentration in the dilute exhaust, 
    in ppm.
    CCH3CH2OHd=Ethanol concentration in the dilution air, in 
    ppm.
    TEM= Temperature of ethanol sample withdrawn from dilute 
    exhaust,  deg.R.
    TDM=Temperature of ethanol sample withdrawn from dilution 
    air,  deg.R.
    PB=Barometric pressure during test, mm Hg.
    VEM=Volume of ethanol sample withdrawn from dilute 
    exhaust, ft \3\.
    VDM=Volume of ethanol sample withdrawn from dilution air, 
    ft \3\.
    CS=GC concentration of aqueous sample drawn from dilute 
    exhaust, g/ml.
    CD=GC concentration of aqueous sample drawn from dilution 
    air, g/ml.
    AVS= Volume of absorbing reagent (deionized water) in 
    impinger through which ethanol sample from dilute exhaust is drawn, 
    ml.
    AVD=Volume of absorbing reagent (deionized water) in 
    impinger through which ethanol sample from dilution air is drawn, 
    ml.
        1=first impinger.
        2=second impinger.
    
        (H) MCH2O mode=Formaldehyde emissions corrected for 
    background, in gram per hour by mode, are calculated using the 
    following equations:
    
    MCH2O mode=(Vmix)(DensityCH2O) 
    ((CH2Oconc/10 \6\)/Vf
    CH2Oconc=CCH2Oe - CCH2Od(1 - (1/DF))
    CCH2Oe=((4.069)(10-2)(CFDE)(VAE
    ) (Q)(TEF))/((VSE)(PB)
    CCH2Od=((4.069)(10 - 2)(CFDA)(VAA
    )(Q)(TDF))/(VSA)(PB)
    
    Where:
    
    DensityCH2O=Density of formaldehyde is 35.36 g/ft \3\ 
    (1.249 kg/m \3\), at 68  deg.F (20  deg.C) and 760 mmHg (101.3 kPa) 
    pressure.
    CH2Oconc=Formaldehyde concentration of the dilute exhaust 
    corrected for background, ppm.
    CCH2Oe=Formaldehyde concentration in dilute exhaust, ppm.
    CCH2Od=Formaldehyde concentration in dilution air, ppm.
        CFDE=Concentration of DNPH derivative of formaldehyde 
    from dilute exhaust sample in sampling solution, g/ml.
        VAE=Volume of sampling solution for dilute exhaust 
    formaldehyde sample, ml.
        Q = Ratio of molecular weights of formaldehyde to its DNPH 
    derivative = 0.1429.
        TEF=Temperature of formaldehyde sample withdrawn from 
    dilute exhaust,  deg.R.
        VSE=Volume of formaldehyde sample withdrawn from 
    dilute exhaust, ft3.
        PB=Barometric pressure during test, mm Hg.
        CFDA=Concentration of DNPH derivative of formaldehyde 
    from dilution air sample in sampling solution, g/ml.
        VAA=Volume of sampling solution for dilution air 
    formaldehyde sample, ml.
        TDF=Temperature of formaldehyde sample withdrawn from 
    dilution air,  deg.R.
        VSA=Volume of formaldehyde sample withdrawn from 
    dilution air, ft3.
    
        (I) MCH3CHO mode=Acetaldehyde emissions corrected for 
    background, in grams per hour by mode, are calculated using the 
    following equations:
    
    MCH3CHO mode= 
    (Vmix)(DensityCH3CHO)((CH3CHOconc
    /106)/Vf
    CH3CHOconc=CCH3CHOe - CCH3CHOd(1--(1/
    DF))
    CCH3CHOe=((2.774)(10 - 2) 
    (CADE)(VAE)(Q)(TEF))/
    ((VSE)(PB)
    CCH3CHOd=((2.774)(10 - 2) 
    (CADA)(VAA)(Q)(TDF))/
    (VSA)(PB)
    
    Where:
    
    Density CH3CHO=Density of acetaldehyde is 51.88 g/
    ft3 (1.833 kg/m3), at 68  deg.F (20  deg.C) 
    and 760 mmHg (101.3 kPa) pressure.
    CH3CHOconc=Acetaldehyde concentration of the dilute 
    exhaust corrected for background, ppm.
    CCH3CHOe=Acetaldehyde concentration in dilute exhaust, 
    ppm.
    CCH3CHOd=Acetaldehyde concentration in dilution air, ppm.
    CADE=Concentration of DNPH derivative of acetaldehyde 
    from dilute exhaust sample in sampling solution, g/ml.
    VAE=Volume of sampling solution for dilute exhaust 
    acetaldehyde sample, ml.
    Q=Ratio of molecular weights of acetaldehyde to its DNPH derivative
    =0.182
    TEF=Temperature of acetaldehyde sample withdrawn from 
    dilute exhaust,  deg.R.
    VSE=Volume of acetaldehyde sample withdrawn from dilute 
    exhaust, ft3.
    PB=Barometric pressure during test, mm Hg.
    CADAConcentration of DNPH derivative of acetaldehyde from 
    dilution air sample in sampling solution, g/ml.
    VAA=Volume of sampling solution for dilution air 
    acetaldehyde sample, ml.
    TDF=Temperature of acetaldehyde sample withdrawn from 
    dilution air,  deg.R.
    VSA=Volume of acetaldehyde sample withdrawn from dilution 
    air, ft3.
    
        (J) MNMHC mode=Nonmethane hydrocarbon emissions, in 
    grams per hour by mode.
    
    MNMHC mode=(Vmix)(DensityNMHC) 
    ((NMHCEconc/106))/Vf
    NMHCconc=NMHCe--(NMHCd)(1 - (1/DF))
    NMHCe=FID HCe - (rm)(CCH4e)
    NMHCd=FID HCd - (rm)(CCH4d)
    
    Where:
    
    DensityNMHC=Density of nonmethane hydrocarbons=16.42 g/
    ft3 (0.5800 kg/m3) for # 1 petroleum diesel 
    fuel, 16.27 g/ft3 (0.5746 kg/m3) for #2 
    diesel, and 16.33 for other fuels, assuming an average carbon to 
    hydrogen ratio of 1:1.93 for #1 petroleum diesel fuel, 1:1.80 for #2 
    petroleum diesel fuel, and 1:1.85 for nonmethane hydrocarbons in 
    other fuels at standard conditions.
    NMHCconc=Nonmethane hydrocarbon concentration of the 
    dilute exhaust sample corrected for background, in ppm carbon 
    equivalent (i.e., equivalent propane  x  3).
    NMHCe=Nonmethane hydrocarbon concentration of the dilute 
    exhaust bag sample:
    FID HCe=Concentration of hydrocarbons in dilute exhaust 
    as measured by the FID, ppm carbon equivalent.
    rm=FID response to methane.
    CCH4e=Concentration of methane in dilute exhaust as 
    determined from the dilute exhaust sample.
    NMHCd=Nonmethane hydrocarbon concentration of the 
    dilution air:
    FID HCd=Concentration of hydrocarbons in dilute exhaust 
    as measured by the FID, ppm carbon equivalent.
    rm=FID response to methane.
    CCH4d=Concentration of methane in dilute exhaust as 
    determined from the dilute exhaust sample, ppm.
    
        (4) Particulate exhaust emissions. The mass of particulate for a 
    test mode determined from the following equations when a heat exchanger 
    is used (i.e., no flow compensation), and when background filters are 
    used to correct for background particulate levels:
    
    MPM mode=Particulate emissions, grams per hour by mode.
    MPM mode=(WVol)(PMconc)(1 + 
    DF)=(Vmix)(PMconc)/Vf
    PMconc=PMe - PMd(1 - (1/DF))
    PMe=MPMe/Vsampe/10 \3\
    PMd=MPMd/Vsampd/10 \3\
    
    Where:
    
    PMconc=Particulate concentration of the diluted exhaust 
    sample corrected for background, in g/ft \3\
    MPMe=Measured mass of particulate for the exhaust sample, 
    in mg, which is the difference in filter mass before and after the 
    test.
    MPMd=Measured mass of particulate for the dilution air 
    sample, in mg, which is the difference in filter mass before and 
    after the test.
    Vsampe=Total wet volume of sample removed from the 
    dilution tunnel for the exhaust particulate measurement, cubic feet 
    at standard conditions.
    Vsampd=Total wet volume of sample removed from the 
    dilution tunnel for the dilution air particulate measurement, cubic 
    feet at standard conditions.
    DF=Dilution factor, which is the volumetric ratio of the dilution 
    air to the raw exhaust sample, calculated as:
    
    [[Page 59608]]
    
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR16AP98.014
    
        (c) Humidity calculations. (1) The following abbreviations (and 
    units) apply to paragraph (b) of this section:
    
    BARO=barometric pressure (Pa).
    H=specific humidity, (g H2O/g of dry air).
    KH=conversion factor=0.6220 g H2O/g dry air.
    Mair=Molecular weight of air=28.9645.
    MH2O=Molecular weight of water=18.01534.
    PDB=Saturation vapor pressure of water at the dry bulb 
    temperature (Pa).
    PDP=Saturation vapor pressure of water at the dewpoint 
    temperature (Pa).
    Pv=Partial pressure of water vapor (Pa).
    PWB=Saturation vapor pressure of water at the wet bulb 
    temperature (Pa).
    TDB=Dry bulb temperature (Kelvin).
    TWB=Wet bulb temperature (Kelvin).
    Y=Water-vapor volume concentration.
    
        (2) The specific humidity on a dry basis of the intake air (H) is 
    defined as:
    
    H=((KH) (Pv)/(BARO - Pv))
    
        (3) The partial pressure of water vapor may be determined using a 
    dew point device. In that case:
    
    Pv=PDP
    
        (4) The percent of relative humidity (RH) is defined as:
    
    RH=(Pv/PDB)100
    
        (5) The water-vapor volume concentration on a dry basis of the 
    engine intake air (Y) is defined as:
    
    Y=((H)(Mair)/(MH2O)=Pv/(BARO - 
    Pv)
    
        (d) NOX correction factor. (1) NOX emission 
    rates (MNOx mode) shall be adjusted to account for the 
    effects of humidity and temperature by multiplying each emission rate 
    by KNOx, which is calculated from the following equations:
    
    KNOx=(K)(1 + (0.25(logK)2)1/2)
    K=(KH)(KT)
    KH=[C1 + C2(exp(( - 0.0143)(10.714))]/
    [C1 + C2(exp(( - 0.0143)(1000H))]
    C1= - 8.7 + 164.5exp( - 0.0218(A/F)wet)
    C2=130.7 + 3941exp( - 0.0248(A/F)wet)
    
    Where:
    
    (A/F)wet=Mass of moist air intake divided by mass of fuel 
    intake.
    KT=1/[1-0.017(T30-TA)] for tests 
    conducted at ambient temperatures below 30  deg.C.
    KT=1.00 for tests conducted at ambient temperatures at or 
    above 30  deg.C.
    T30=The measured intake manifold air temperature in the 
    locomotive when operated at 30  deg.C (or 100  deg.C, where intake 
    manifold air temperature is not available).
    TA=The measured intake manifold air temperature in the 
    locomotive as tested (or the ambient temperature (  deg.C), where 
    intake manifold air temperature is not available).
    
        (e) Other calculations. Calculations other than those specified in 
    this section may be used with the advance approval of the 
    Administrator.
    
    [FR Doc. 01-55530 Filed 11-23-01; 8:45 am]
    
        Editorial Note: On Monday, November 26, 2001, this rule document 
    FR Doc. 01-55530 appeared on 66 FR 58953-58964. Due to additional 
    text being inadvertently added, it is being reprinted in its 
    entirety.
    [FR Doc. R1-55530 Filed 11-28-01; 8:45 am]
    BILLING CODE 1505-01-D
    
    
    

Document Information

Published:
11/29/2001
Department:
Environmental Protection Agency
Entry Type:
Correction
Document Number:
R1-55530
Pages:
59602-59608 (7 pages)
PDF File:
r1-55530.pdf
CFR: (5)
40 CFR 86.1311
40 CFR 92.2
40 CFR 92.120
40 CFR 92.121
40 CFR 92.132