00-28850. Index of Administrator's Decisions and Orders in Civil Penalty Actions; Publication

AGENCY:

Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT.

ACTION:

Notice of publication.

SUMMARY:

This notice constitutes the required quarterly publication of an index of the Administrator's decisions and orders in civil penalty cases. This publication represents the quarter ending on September 30, 2000. This publication ensures that the agency is in compliance with statutory indexing requirements.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:

James S. Dillman, Assistant Chief Counsel for Litigation (AGC-400), Federal Aviation Administration, 400 7th Street, SW., Suite PL 200-A, Washington, DC 20590; telephone [phone].

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

The Administrative Procedure Act requires Federal agencies to maintain and make available for public inspection and copying current indexes containing identifying information regarding materials required to be made available or published. 5 U.S.C. 552(a)(2). In a notice issued on July 11, 1990, and published in the Federal Register (55 FR 29148; July 17, 1990), the FAA announced the public availability of several indexes and summaries that provide identifying information about the decisions and orders issued by the Administrator under the FAA's civil penalty assessment authority and the rules of practice governing hearings and appeals of civil penalty actions. 14 CFR Part 13, Subpart G.

The FAA maintains an index of the Administrator's decisions and orders in civil penalty actions organized by order number and containing identifying information about each decision or order. The FAA also maintains a cumulative subject-matter index and digests organized by order number. The indexes are published on a quarterly basis (i.e., January, April, July, and October.)

The FAA first published these indexes and digests for all decisions and orders issued by the Administrator through September 30, 1990. 55 FR 45984; October 31, 1990. The FAA announced in that notice that only the subject-matter index would be published cumulatively and that the order number index would be non-cumulative. The FAA announced in a later notice that the order number indexes published in January would reflect all of the civil penalty decisions for the previous year. 58 FR 5044; 1/19/93.

The previous quarterly publications of these indexes have appeared in the Federal Register as follows:

Dates of quarter	Federal Register publication
11/1/89-9/30/90	55 FR 45984; 10/31/90.
10/1/90-12/31/90	56 FR 44886; 2/6/91.
1/1/91-3/31/91	56 FR 20250; 5/2/91.
4/1/91-6/30/91	56 FR 31984; 7/12/91.
7/1/91-9/30/91	56 FR 51735; 10/15/91.
10/1/91-12/31/91	57 FR 2299; 1/21/92.
1/1/92-3/31/92	57 FR 12359; 4/9/92.
4/1/92-6/30/92	57 FR 32825; 7/23/92.
7/1/92-9/30/92	57 FR 48255; 10/22/92.
10/1/92-12/31/92	58 FR 5044; 1/19/93.
1/1/93-3/31/93	58 FR 21199; 4/19/93.
4/1/93-6/30/93	58 FR 42120; 8/6/93.
7/1/93-9/30/93	58 FR 58218; 10/29/93.
10/1/93-12/31/93	59 FR 5466; 2/4/94.
1/1/94-3/31/94	59 FR 22196; 4/29/94.
4/1/94-6/30/94	59 FR 39618; 8/3/94.
7/1/94-12/31/94	60 FR 4454; 1/23/95.
1/1/95-3/31/95	60 FR 19318; 4/17/95.
4/1/95-6/30/95	60 FR 36854; 7/18/95.
7/1/95-9/30/95	60 FR 53228; 10/12/95.
10/1/95-12/31/95	61 FR 1972; 1/24/96.
1/1/96-3/31/96	61 FR 16955; 4/18/96.
4/1/96-6/30/96	61 FR 37526; 7/18/96.
7/1/96-9/30/96	61 FR 54833; 10/22/96.
10/1/96-12/31/96	62 FR 2434; 1/16/97.
1/1/97-3/31/97	62 FR 24533; 5/2/97.
4/1/97-6/30/97	62 FR 38339; 7/17/97.
7/1/97-9/30/97	62 FR 53856; 10/16/97.
10/1/97-12/31/97	63 FR 3373; 1/22/98.
1/1/98-3/31/98	63 FR 19559; 4/20/98.
4/1/98-6/30/98	63 FR 37914; 7/14/98.
7/1/98-9/30/98	63 FR 57729; 10/28/98.
10/1/98-12/31/98	64 FR 1855; 1/12/99.
1/1/99-3/31/99	64 FR 24690; 5/7/99.
4/1/99-6/30/99	64 FR 43236; 8/9/99.
7/1/99-9/30/99	64 FR 58879; 11/1/99.
10/1/99-12/31/99	65 FR 1654; 1/11/00.
1/1/00-3/31/00	65 FR 35973; 6/6/00.
4/1/00-6/30/00	65 FR 47557; 8/2/00.

The civil penalty decisions and orders, and the indexes and digests are available in FAA offices. Also, the Administrator's civil penalty decisions have been published by commercial publishers (Hawkins Publishing Company and Clark Boardman Callaghan) and are available on computer on-line services (Westlaw, LEXIS, Compuserve and FedWorld).

A list of the addresses of the FAA offices where the civil penalty decisions may be reviewed and information regarding these commercial publications and computer databases are provided at the end of this notice. Information regarding the accessibility of materials filed in recently initiated civil penalty cases in FAA civil penalty cases at the DOT Docket and over the Internet also appears at the end of this notice.

Civil Penalty Actions—Orders Issued by the Administrator

Order Number Index

(Includes all decisions and orders issued by the Administrator between July 1, 2000, and September 30, 2000.)

2000-15 David E. Everson

8/7/2000—CP99WA0002, DMS No. FAA-1999-5570

2000-16 Warbelow's Air Ventures, Inc.

8/8/2000—CP97AL0012

2000-17 Howard Gotbetter

8/11/2000—CP98EA0051, DMS No. FAA-1998-4691

2000-18 California Helitech

8/11/2000—CP98WP0035

2000-19 James J. Horner

8/11/2000—CP99NM0004

2000-20 Phillips Building Supply

8/11/2000—CP99SO0024, DMS No. FAA-1999-5816

2000-21 Daniel A. Martinez

8/24/2000—CP99NM0012, DMS No. FAA-1999-5984

Civil Penalty Actions_Orders Issued by the Administrator

Subject Matter Index

(Current as of September 30, 2000)

Administrative Law Judges—Power and Authority:
Continuance of hearing	91-11 Continental Airlines: 92-29 Haggland.
Credibility findings	90-21 Carroll; 92-3 Park; 93-17 Metcalf; 94-3 Valley Air; 94-4 Northwest Aircraft Rental; 95-25 Conquest; 95-26 Hereth; 97-20 Werle; 97-30 Emery Worldwide Airlines; 97-32 Florida Propeller; 98-18 General Aviation; 99-6 Squire; 2000-3 Warbelow's 2000-17 Gotbetter.
Default Judgment	91-11 Continental Airlines; 92-47 Cornwall; 94-8 Nunez; 94-22 Harkins; 94-28 Toyota; 95-10 Diamond; 97-28 Continental Airlines; 97-33 Rawlings; 98-13 Air St. Thomas.
Discovery	89-6 American Airlines; 91-17 KDS Aviation; 91-54 Alaska Airlines; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter; 93-10 Costello.
Expert Testimony	94-21 Sweeney.
Granting extensions of time	90-27 Gabbert.
Hearing location	92-50 Cullop.
Hearing request	93-12 Langton; 94-6 Strohl; 94-27 Larsen; 94-37 Houston; 95-19 Rayner.
Initial Decision	92-1 Costello; 92-32 Barnhill.
Lateness of	97-31 Sanford Air; 2000-19 Horner.
Should include requirement to file appeal brief	98-5 Squire.
Jurisdiction:
Generally	90-20 Degenhardt; 90-33 Cato; 92-1 Costello; 92-32 Barnhill.
After issuance of order assessing civil penalty	94-37 Houston; 95-19 Rayner; 97-33 Rawlings.
When complaint is withdrawn	94-39 Kirola.
Motion for Decision	92-73 Wyatt; 92-75 Beck; 92-76 Safety Equipment; 93-11 Merkley; 96-24 Horizon; 98-20 Koenig.
No authority to extend due date for late Answer without showing of good cause. (See also Answer)	95-28 Atlantic World Airways; 97-18 Robinson; 98-4 Larry's Flying Service.
Notice of Hearing	92-31 Eaddy.
Regulate proceedings	97-20 Werle.
Sanction	90-37 Northwest Airlines; 91-54 Alaska Airlines; 94-22 Harkins; 94-28 Toyota.
Service of law judges by parties	97-18 Robinson.
Vacate initial decision	90-20 Degenhardt; 92-32 Barnhill; 95-6 Sutton.
Aerial Photography	95-25 Conquest Helicopters.
Agency Attorney	93-13 Medel.
Air Carrier/Aircraft Operator:
Agent/independent contractor of	92-70 USAir; 2000-13 Empire Airlines.
Careless or Reckless	92-48 & 92-70 USAir; 93-18 Westair Commuter.
Duty of care: Non-delegable	92-70 USAir; 96-16 Westair Commuter; 96-24 Horizon; 97-8 Pacific Av. d/b/a Inter-Island Helicopters; 99-12 TWA; 2000-3 Warbelow's; 2000-13 Empire Airlines.
Employee	93-18 Westair Commuter; 97-8 Pacific Av. d/b/a Inter-Island Helicopters; 99-12 TWA; 99-14 Alika Aviation; 2000-1 Gatewood; 2000-3 Warbelow's.
Ground Security Coordinator, Failure to provide	96-16 WestAir Commuter.
Intoxicated passenger:
Allowing to board	98-11 TWA.
Serving alcohol to	98-11 TWA.
Liability for acts/omissions of employees in scope of employment	98-11 TWA, 99-12 TWA; 99-14 Alika Aviation; 2000-1 Gatewood; 2000-3 Warbelow's.
Liability for maintenance by independent repair station	2000-13 Empire Airlines.
Use of unqualified pilot	99-15 Blue Ridge; 99-11 Evergreen; 2000-12 Evergreen.
Aircraft Maintenance (See also Airworthiness, Maintenance Manual):
Generally	90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation; 93-36 & 94-3 Valley Air; 94-38 Bohan; 95-11 Horizon; 96-3 America West Airlines; 97-8 Pacific Av. d/b/a Inter-Island Helicopters; 97-9 Alphin; 97-10 Alphin; 97-11 Hampton; 97-30 Emery Worldwide Airlines; 97-31 Sanford Air; 98-18 General Aviation; 99-5 Africa Air; 2000-1 Gatewood; 2000-3 Warbelow's; 2000-13 Empire Airlines; 2000-14 Warbelow's 2000-18 California Helitech.
Acceptable methods, techniques, and practices	96-3 America West Airlines.
After certificate revocation	92-73 Wyatt.
Airworthiness Directive, compliance with	96-18 Kilrain; 97-9 Alphin.
Approved data for major repairs	2000-13 Empire Airlines.
Advisory Circular 43.13-1, as amended alone not approved data	2000-13 Empire Airlines.
Approved data for an aircraft not necessarily approved for major repair of another aircraft	2000-13 Empire Airlines.
DER	2000-13 Empire Airlines.
Inspection	96-18 Filrain; 97-10 Alphin; 99-14 Alika Aviation.
Major alterations: Failed to prove	99-5 Africa Air.
Major/minor repairs	96-3 America West Airlines.
Minimum Equipment List (MEL)	94-38 Bohan, 95-11 Horizon; 97-11 Hampton; 97-21 Delta; 97-30 Emery Worldwide Airlines; 2000-3 Warbelow's.
Operation when maintenance entries not made	2000-1 Gatewood; 2000-18 California Helitech.
Repairs between required inspections	2000-18 California Helitech.
Propellers	2000-1 Gatewood.
Aircraft Records:
Aircraft Operation	91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation; 2000-1 Gatewood.
Flight and Duty Time	96-4 South Aero.
Maintenance Records	91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation; 94-2 Woodhouse; 97-30 Emery Worldwide Airlines; 97-31 Sanford Air; 98-18 General Aviation; 2000-1 Gatewood; 2000-3 Warbelow's; 2000-18 California Helitech.
Description of maintenance	2000-1 Gatewood.
Squawk sheets	2000-18 California Helitech.
“Yellow tags”	91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation.
Aircraft—Weight and Balance (See Weight and Balance)
Airmen:
Airline Transport Pilot certificates requirement in foreign aviation by Part 135 operator	99-11 Evergreen Helicopters; 2000-12 Evergreen.
Altitude deviation	92-49 Richardson & Shimp.
Careless or Reckless	91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-8 Watkins; 92-49 Richardson & Shimp; 92-47 Cornwall; 93-17 Metcalf; 93-29 Sweeney; 96-17 Fenner.
Flight time limitations	93-11 Merkley.
Flight Time records	99-7 Premier Jets.
Follow ATC Instruction	91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-8 Watkins; 92-49 Richardson & Shimp.
Low Flight	92-47 Cornwall; 93-17 Metcalf.
Owner's responsibility	96-17 Fenner; 2000-1 Gatewood.
Pilots	91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-8 Watkins; 92-49 Richardson & Shimp; 93-17 Metcalf.
See and Avoid	93-29 Sweeney.
Unqualified for Part 135 flight	99-15 Blue Ridge.
Air Operations Area (AOA):
Air Carrier
Air Carrier Responsibilities	90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-33 Delta Air Lines; 94-1 Delta Air Lines.
Airport Operator Responsibilities	90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-4 [Airport Operator]; 91-18 [Airport Operator]; 91-40 [Airport Operator]; 91-41 [Airport Operator]; 91-58 [Airport Operator]; 96-1 [Airport Operator]; 98-7 LAX.
Badge Display	91-4 [Airport Operator]; 91-33 Delta Air Lines; 99-1 American Airlines.
Definition of	90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-4 [Airport Operator]; 91-58 [Airport Operator].
Exclusive Areas	90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-4 [Airport Operator]; 91-58 [Airport Operator]; 98-7 LAX.
Airport Security Program (ASP):
Compliance with	91-4 [Airport Operator]; 91-18 [Airport Operator]; 91-40 [Airport Operator]; 91-41 [Airport Operator]; 91-58 [Airport Operator]; 94-1 Delta Air Lines; 96-1 [Airport Operator]; 97-23 Detroit Metropolitan; 98-7 LAX; Airport Operator.
Responsibilities	90-12 Continental Airlines; 91-4 [Airport Operator]; 91-18 [Airport Operator]; 91-40 [Airport Operator]; 91-41 [Airport Operator]; 91-58 [Airport Operator]; 96-1 [Airport Operator]; 97-23 Detroit Metropolitan.
Air Traffic Control (ATC):
Error as mitigating factor	91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne.
Error as exonerating factor	91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-40 Wendt.
Ground Control	91-12 Terry & Menne; 93-18 Westair Commuter.
Local Control	91-12 Terry & Menne.
Tapes & Transcripts	91-12 Terry & Menne; 92-49 Richardson & Shimp.
Airworthiness	91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation; 92-10 Flight Unlimited; 92-48 & 92-70 USAir; 94-2 Woodhouse; 95-11 Horizon; 96-3 America West Airlines; 96-18 Kilrain; 94-25 USAir; 97-8 Pacific Av. d/b/a Inter-Island Helicopters; 97-9 Alphin; 97-10 Alphin; 97-11 Hampton; 97-21 Delta; 97-30 Emery Worldwide Airlines; 97-32 Florida Propeller; 98-18 General Aviation; 99-14 Alika Aviation; 2000-3 Warbelow's; 2000-13 Empire Airlines; 2000-14 Warbelow's; 2000-18 California Helitech.
Amicus Curiae Briefs	90-25 Gabbert.
Answer:
ALJ may not extend due date for late Answer unless good cause shown	95-28 Atlantic World Airways; 97-18 Robinson; 97-33 Rawlings; 98-4 Larry's Flying Service.
Reply to each numbered paragraph in the complaint required	98-21 Blankson.
Timeliness of answer	90-3 Metz; 90-15 Playter; 92-32 Barnhill; 92-47 Cornwall; 92-75 Beck; 92-76 Safety Equipment; 94-5 Grant; 94-29 Sutton; 94-30 Columna; 94-43 Perez; 95-10 Diamond; 95-28 Atlantic World Airways; 97-18 Robinson; 97-19 Missirlian; 97-33 Rawlings; 97-38 Air St. Thomas; 98-4 Larry's Flying Service; 98-13 Air St. Thomas; 99-8 McDermott; 99-9 Lifeflite Medical Air Transport; 99-16 Dorfman.
Timeliness not at issue once hearing held	99-16 Dorfman.
What constitutes	92-32 Barnhill; 92-75 Beck; 97-19 Missirlian.
Appeals (See also Filing; Timeliness; Mailing Rule):
Briefs, Generally	89-4 Metz; 91-45 Park; 92-17 Giuffrida; 92-19 Cornwall; 92-39 Beck; 93-24 Steel City Aviation; 93-28 Strohl; 94-23 Perez; 95-13 Kilrain.
Additional Appeal Brief	92-3 Park; 93-5 Wendt; 93-6 Westair Commuter; 93-28 Strohl; 94-4 Northwest Aircraft; 94-18 Luxemburg; 94-29 Sutton; 97-22 Sanford Air; 97-34 Continental Airlines; 97-38 Air St. Thomas; 98-18 General Aviation; 99-11 Evergreen Helicopter; 2000-7 Martinez; 2000-21 Martinez.
Appeal dismissed as premature	95-19 Rayner.
Appeal dismissed as moot after complaint withdrawn	92-9 Griffin.
Appellate arguments	92-70 USAir.
Court of Appeals, appeal to (See Federal Courts)
Good Cause for Late-Filed Brief or Notice of Appeal	90-3 Metz; 90-27 Gabbert; 90-39 Hart; 91-10 Graham; 91-24 Esau; 91-48 Wendt; 91-50 & 92-1 Costello; 92-3 Park; 92-17 Giuffrida; 92-39 Beck; 92-41 Moore & Sabre Associates; 92-52 Beck; 92-57 Detroit Metro Wayne Co. Airport; 92-69 McCabe; 93-23 Allen; 93-27 Simmons; 93-31 Allen; 95-2 Meronek; 95-9 Woodhouse; 95-25 Conquest, 97-6 WRA Inc.; 97-7 Stalling; 97-28 Continental; 97-38 Air St. Thomas; 98-1 V. Taylor; 98-13 Air St. Thomas; 99-4 Warbelow's Air Ventures; 2000-11 Europex; 2000-21 Martinez.
Informal Conference: Conduct of, not on appeal	99-14 Alika Aviation.
Motion to Vacate construed as a brief	91-11 Continental Airlines.
Perfecting an Appeal, generally	92-17 Giuffrida; 92-19 Cornwall; 92-39 Beck; 94-23 Perez; 95-13 Kilrain; 96-5 Alphin Aircraft; 98-20 Koenig.
Extension of Time for (good cause for)	89-8 Thunderbird Accessories; 91-26 Britt Airways; 91-32 Bargen; 91-50 Costello; 93-2 & 93-3 Wendt; 93-24 Steel City Aviation; 93-32 Nunez; 98-5 Squire; 98-15 Squire; 99-3 Justice; 99-4 Warbelow's Air Ventures.
Failure to	89-1 Gressani; 89-7 Zenkner; 90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 90-35 P. Adams; 90-39 Hart; 91-7 Pardue; 91-10 Graham; 91-20 Bargen; 91-43, 91-44, 91-46 & 91-47 Delta Air Lines; 92-11 Alilin; 92-15 Dillman; 92-18 Bargen; 92-34 Carrell; 92-35 Bay Land Aviation; 92-36 Southwest Airlines; 92-45 O'Brien; 92-56 Montauk Caribbean Airways; 92-67 USAir; 92-68 Weintraub; 92-78 TWA; 93-7 Dunn; 93-8 Nunez; 93-20 Smith; 93-23 & 93-31 Allen; 93-34 Castle Aviation; 93-35 Steel City Aviation; 94-12 Bartusiak; 94-24 Page; 94-26 French Aircraft; 94-34 American International Airways; 94-35 American International Airways; 94-36 American International Airways; 95-4 Hanson; 95-22 & 96-5 Alphin Aircraft; 96-2 Skydiving Center; 96-13 Winslow; 97-3 [Airport Operator], 97-6 WRA, Inc.; 97-15 Houston & Johnson County; 97-35 Gordon Air Services; 97-36 Avcon; 97-37 Roush; 98-10 Rawlings; 99-2 Oxygen Systems; 2000-9 Tundra Copters; 2000-10 Johnson.
Notice of appeal construed as appeal brief	92-39 Beck; 94-15 Columna; 95-9 Woodhouse; 95-23 Atlantic World Airways; 96-20 Missirlian; 97-2 Sanford Air; 98-5 Squire; 98-17 Blue Ridge; 98-23 Instead Balloon Services; 99-3 Justice; 99-8 McDermott; 2000-7 Martinez.
What Constitutes	90-4 Metz; 90-27 Gabbert; 91-45 Park; 92-7 West; 92-17 Giuffrida; 92-39 Beck; 93-7 Dunn; 94-15 Columna; 94-23 Perez; 94-30 Columna; 95-9 Woodhouse; 95-23 Atlantic World Airways; 96-20 Missirlian; 97-2 Sanford Air.
Service of brief: Fail to serve other party	92-17 Giuffrida; 92-19 Cornwall.
Timeliness of Notice of Appeal	90-3 Metz; 90-39 Hart; 91-50 Costello; 92-7 West; 92-69 McCabe; 93-27 Simmons; 95-2 Meronek; 95-9 Woodhouse; 95-15 Alphin Aviation; 96-14 Midtown Neon Sign Corp.; 97-7 & 97-17 Stallings; 97-28 Continental; 97-38 Air St. Thomas; 98-1 V. Taylor; 98-13 Air St. Thomas; 98-16 Blue Ridge; 98-17 Blue Ridge; 98-21 Blankson.
Withdrawal of	89-2 Lincoln-Walker; 89-3 Sittko; 90-4 Nordrum; 90-5 Sussman; 90-6 Dabaghian; 90-7 Steele; 90-8 Jenkins; 90-9 Van Zandt; 90-13 O'Dell; 90-14 Miller; 90-28 Puleo; 90-29 Sealander; 90-30 Steidinger; 90-34 D. Adams; 90-40 & 90-41 Westair Commuter Airlines; 91-1 Nestor; 91-5 Jones; 91-6 Lowery; 91-13 Kreamer; 91-14 Swanton; 91-15 Knipe; 91-16 Lopez; 91-19 Bayer; 91-21 Britt Airways; 91-22 Omega Silicone Co.; 91-23 Continental Airlines; 91-25 Sanders; 91-27 Delta Air Lines; 91-28 Continental Airlines; 91-29 Smith; 91-34 GASPRO; 91-35 M. Graham; 91-36 Howard; 91-37 Vereen; 91-39 America West; 91-42 Pony Express; 91-49 Shields; 91-56 Mayhan; 91-57 Britt Airways; 91-59 Griffin; 91-60 Brinton; 92-2 Koller; 92-4 Delta Air Lines; 92-6 Rothgeb; 92-12 Bertetto; 92-20 Delta Air Lines; 92-21 Cronberg; 92-22, 92-23, 92-24, 92-25, 92-26 & 92-28 Delta Air Lines; 92-33 Port Authority of NY & NJ; 92-42 Jayson; 92-43 Delta Air Lines; 92-44 Owens; 92-53 Humble; 92-54 & 92-55 Northwest Airlines; 92-60 Costello; 92-61 Romerdahl; 92-62 USAir; 92-63 Schaefer; 92-64 & 92-65 Delta Air Lines; 92-66 Sabre Associates & Moore; 92-79 Delta Air Lines; 93-1 Powell & Co.; 93-4 Harrah; 93-14 Fenske; 93-15 Brown; 93-21 Delta Air Lines; 93-22 Yannotone; 93-26 Delta Air Lines; 93-33 HPH Aviation; 94-9 B & G Instruments; 94-10 Boyle; 94-11 Pan American Airways; 94-13 Boyle; 94-14 B & G Instruments; 94-16 Ford; 94-33 Trans World Airlines; 94-41 Dewey Towner; 94-42 Taylor; 95-1 Diamond Aviation; 95-3 Delta Air Lines; 95-5 Araya; 95-6 Sutton; 95-7 Empire Airlines; 95-20 USAir; 95-21 Faisca; 95-24 Delta Air Lines; 96-7 Delta Air Lines; 96-8 Empire Airlines; 96-10 USAir; 96-11 USAir, 96-12 USAir; 96-21 Houseal; 97-4 [Airport Operator]; 97-5 WestAir; 97-25 Martin & Jaworski; 97-26 Delta Air Lines; 97-27 Lock Haven; 97-39 Delta Air Lines; 98-9 Continental Express; 2000-8 USA Jet Airlines; 2000-15 Everson d/b/a North Valley Helicopters.
Assault (See also Battery, and Passenger Misconduct)	96-6 Ignatov; 97-12 Mayer; 99-16 Dorfman; 2000-17 Gotbetter.
“Attempt”	89-5 Schultz.
Attorney Conduct: Obstreperous or Disruptive	94-39 Kirola.
Attorney Fees (See EAJA):
Aviation Safety Reporting System	90-39 Hart; 91-12 Terry & Menne; 92-49 Richardson & Shimp.
Baggage Matching	98-6 Continental; 99-12 TWA.
Balloon (Hot Air)	94-2 Woodhouse.
Bankruptcy	91-2 Continental Airlines.
Battery (See also Assault and Passenger Misconduct)	96-6 Ignatov; 97-12 Mayer; 99-16 Dorfman; 2000-27 Gotbetter.
Certificates and Authorizations: Surrender when revoked	92-73 Wyatt.
Civil Air Security National Airport Inspection Program (CASNAIP)	91-4 [Airport Operator]; 91-18 [Airport Operator]; 91-40 [Airport Operator]; 91-41 [Airport Operator]; 91-58 [Airport Operator].
Civil Penalty Amount (See Sanction):
Closing Argument (See Final Oral Argument):
Collateral Estoppel	91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation.
Complaint:
Complainant Bound By	90-10 Webb; 91-53 Koller.
No Timely Answer to (See Answer):
Partial Dismissal/Full Sanction	94-19 Pony Express; 94-40 Polynesian Airways.
Staleness (See Stale Complaint Rule):
Statute of Limitations (See Statute of Limitations):
Timeliness of complaint	91-51 Hagwood; 93-13 Medel; 94-7 Hereth; 94-5 Grant.
Withdrawal of	94-39 Kirola; 95-6 Sutton.
Compliance & Enforcement Program:
(FAA Order No. 2150.3A)	89-5 Schultz; 89-6 American Airlines; 91-38 Esau; 92-5 Delta Air Lines.
Compliance/Enforcement Bulletin 92-3	96-19 [Air Carrier].
Sanction Guidance Table	89-5 Schultz; 90-23 Broyles; 90-33 Cato; 90-37 Northwest Airlines; 91-3 Lewis; 92-5 Delta Air Lines; 98-18 General Aviation; 2000-3 Warbelow's.
Concealment of Weapons (See Weapons Violations):
Consolidation of Cases	90-12, 90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines.
Constitutionality of Regulations (See also Double Jeopardy)	90-12 Continental Airlines; 90-18 Continental Airlines; 90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-37 Northwest Airlines; 96-1 [Airport Operator]; 96-25 USAir; 97-16 Mauna Kea; 97-34 Continental Airlines; 98-6 Continental Airlines; 98-11 TWA; 99-1 American; 99-12 TWA; 2000-19 Horner.
Continuance of Hearing	90-25 Gabbert; 92-29 Haggland.
Corrective Action (See Sanction):
Counsel:
Leave to withdraw	97-24 Gordon.
No right to assigned counsel (See Due Process)
Sanctions against	2000-17 Gotbetter.
Credibility of Witnesses:
Generally	95-25 Conquest Helicopters; 95-26 Hereth; 97-32 Florida Propeller.
Bias	97-9 Alphin; 2000-18 Gotbetter.
Defer to ALJ determination of	90-21 Carroll; 92-3 Park; 93-17 Metcalf; 95-26 Hereth; 97-20 Werle; 97-30 Emery Worldwide Airlines; 97-32 Florida Propeller; 98-11 TWA; 98-18 General Aviation; 99-6 Squire; 2000-3 Warbelow's; 2000-14 Warbelow's; 2000-17 Gotbetter.
Experts (See also Witness)	90-27 Gabbert; 93-17 Metcalf; 96-3 America West Airlines.
Impeachment	94-4 Northwest Aircraft Rental.
Reliability of eyewitness identification	97-20 Werle.
De facto answer	92-32 Barnhill.
Delay in initiating action	90-21 Carroll.
Deliberative Process Privilege	89-6 American Airlines; 90-12, 90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines.
Deterrence	89-5 Schultz; 92-10 Flight Unlimited; 95-16 Mulhall; 95-17 Larry's Flying Service; 97-11 Hampton.
Discovery:
Deliberative Process Privilege	89-6 American Airlines; 90-12, 90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines.
Depositions, generally	91-54 Alaska Airlines.
Notice of deposition	91-54 Alaska Airlines.
No Duty to Provide List of Evidence Without Request	Horner 2000-19.
Failure to Produce	90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-17 KDS Aviation; 93-10 Costello.
Sanction for	91-17 KDS Aviation; 91-54 Alaska Airlines.
Regarding Unrelated Case	92-46 Sutton-Sautter.
Double Jeopardy	95-8 Charter Airlines; 96-26 Midtown.
Due Process:
Generally	89-6 American Airlines; 90-12 Continental Airlines; 90-37 Northwest Airlines; 96-1 [Airport Operator]; 97-8 Pacific Av. d/b/a Inter-Island Helicopters; 99-12 TWA.
Before finding a violation	90-27 Gabbert.
Multiple violations	96-26 Midtown; 97-9 Alphin.
No right to assigned counsel	97-8 Pacific Av. d/b/a Inter-Island Helicopters; 97-9 Alphin; 99-6 Squire.
Violation of	89-6 American Airlines; 90-12 Continental Airlines; 90-37 Northwest Airlines; 96-1 [Airport Operator]; 97-8 Pacific Av. d/b/a Inter-Island Helicopters; 98-19 Martin & Jaworski.
EAJA:
Adversary Adjudication	90-17 Wilson; 91-17 & 91-52 KDS Aviation; 94-17 TCI; 95-12 Toyota.
Amount of award	95-27 Valley Air.
Appeal from ALJ decision	95-9 Woodhouse.
Expert witness fees	95-27 Valley Air.
Final disposition	96-22 Woodhouse.
Further proceedings	91-52 KDS Aviation.
Jurisdiction over appeal	92-74 Wendt; 96-22 Woodhouse.
Late-filed application	96-22 Woodhouse.
Other expenses	93-29 Sweeney.
Position of agency	95-27 Valley Air.
Prevailing party	91-52 KDS Aviation.
Special circumstances	95-18 Pacific Sky.
Substantial justification	91-52 & 92-71 KDS Aviation; 93-9 Wendt; 95-18 Pacific Sky; 95-27 Valley Air; 96-15 Valley Air; 98-19 Martin & Jaworski.
Supplementation of application	95-27 Valley Air.
Evidence (See Proof & Evidence):
Ex Parte Communications	93-10 Costello; 95-16 Mulhall; 95-19 Rayner.
Expert Witnesses (See Witness):
Extension of Time:
By Agreement of Parties	89-6 American Airlines; 92-41 Moore & Sabre Associates.
Dismissal by Decisionmaker	89-7 Zenkner; 90-39 Hart.
Good Cause for	89-8 Thunderbird Accessories.
Objection to	89-8 Thunderbird Accessories; 93-3 Wendt.
Who may grant	90-27 Gabbert.
Federal Courts	92-7 West; 97-1 Midtown Neon Sign; 98-8 Carr; 99-12 TWA.
Hazardous materials case appeals	97-1 Midtown Neon Sign; 98-8 Carr; 2000-4 Ryan International.
Federal Rules of Civil Procedure	91-17 KDS Aviation.
Federal Rules of Evidence (See also Proof & Evidence):
Admissions	96-25 USAir, 99-5 Africa Air; 99-14 Alika Aviation.
Evidentiary admissions are rebuttable	99-5 Africa Air.
Settlement Offers (Rule 408)	95-16 Mulhall; 96-25 USAir; 99-5 Africa Air.
Exclusion of admissions in settlement offers	99-5 Africa Air; 99-14 Alika Aviation.
Statements against interest	2000-3 Warbelow's.
Subsequent Remedial Measures	96-24 Horizon; 96-25 USAir.
Final Oral Argument	92-3 Park.
Firearms (See Weapons):
Ferry Flights	95-8 Charter Airlines.
Filing (See also Appeals; Timeliness):
Burden to prove date of filing	97-11 Hampton Air; 98-1 V. Taylor.
Discrepancy between certificate of service and postmark	98-16 Blue Ridge.
Service on designated representative	98-19 Martin & Jaworski.
Flight & Duty Time:
Circumstances beyond crew's control:
Generally	95-8 Charter Airlines.
Foreseeability	95-8 Charter Airlines.
Late freight	95-8 Charter Airlines.
Weather	95-8 Charter Airlines.
Competency check flights	94-4 South Aero.
Limitation of Duty Time	95-8 Charter Airlines; 96-4 South Aero.
Limitation of Flight Time	95-8 Charter Airlines.
“Other commercial flying”	95-8 Charter Airlines.
Recordkeeping: Individual flight time records for each Part 135 pilot	99-7 Premier Jets.
Flights	94-20 Conquest Helicopters.
Freedom of Information Act	93-10 Costello.
Fuel Exhaustion	95-26 Hereth.
Guns (See Weapons):
Ground Security Coordinator (See also Air Carrier; Standard Security Program):
Failure to provide	96-16 WestAir Commuter.
“Guilt by association”	2000-17 Gotbetter.
Hazardous Materials:
Transportation of, generally	90-37 Northwest Airlines; 92-76 Safety Equipment; 92-77 TCI; 94-19 Pony Express; 94-28 Toyota: 94-31 Smalling; 95-12 Toyota; 95-16 Mulhall; 96-26 Midtown.
Civil Penalty, generally	92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling; 95-16 Mulhall; 96-26 Midtown; 98-2 Carr; 2000-20 Phillips Building Supply.
Corrective Action	92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 2000-20 Phillips Building Supply.
Culpability	92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling.
Financial hardship	95-16 Mulhall.
Installment plan	95-16 Mulhall.
First-time violation	92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling; 2000-20 Phillips Building Supply.
Gravity of violation	92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling; 96-26 Midtown; 98-2 Carr; 2000-20 Phillips Building Supply.
Minimum penalty	95-16 Mulhall; 98-2 Carr.
Number of violations	95-16 Mulhall; 96-26 Midtown Neon Sign; 98-2 Carr; 2000-20 Phillips Building Supply.
Redundant violations	95-16 Mulhall; 96-26 Midtown Neon Sign; 98-2 Carr.
Criminal Penalty	92-77 TCI; 94-31 Smalling.
EAJA, applicability of	94-17 TCI; 95-12 Toyota.
Individual violations	95-16 Mulhall.
Judicial review under 49 U.S.C. 5123	97-1 Midtown Neon Sign; 98-8 Carr; 2000-4 Ryan International.
Knowingly	92-77 TCI; 94-19 Pony Express; 94-31 Smalling.
Specific hazard class transported:
Combustible: Paint	95-16 Mulhall.
Corrosive:
Wet Battery	94-28 Toyota Motor Sales.
Other	92-77 TCI.
Explosive: Fireworks	94-31 Smalling; 98-2 Carr.
Flammable:
Paint	96-26 Midtown Neon Sign.
Turpentine	95-16 Mulhall.
Noxious Fumes	2000-20 Phillips Building Supply.
Radioactive	94-19 Pony Express.
Hearing:
Failure of party to attend	98-23 Instead Balloon Services.
Informal Conference	94-4 Northwest Aircraft Rental.
Initial Decision: What constitutes	92-32 Barnhill.
Interference with crewmembers (See also Passenger Misconduct; Assault)	92-3 Park; 96-6 Ignatov; 97-12 Mayer; 98-11 TWA; 98-12 Stout; 2000-17 Gotbetter.
Interlocutory Appeal	89-6 American Airlines; 91-54 Alaska Airlines; 93-37 Airspect; 94-32 Detroit Metropolitan; 98-25 Gotbetter.
Internal FAA Policy &/or Procedures	89-6 American Airlines; 90-12 Continental Airlines; 92-73 Wyatt.
Jurisdiction:
After initial decision	90-20 Degenhardt; 90-33 Cato; 92-32 Barnhill; 93-28 Strohl.
After Order Assessing Civil Penalty	94-37 Houston; 95-19 Rayner.
After withdrawal of complaint	94-39 Kirola.
$50,000 Limit	90-12 Continental Airlines.
EAJA cases	92-74 Wendt; 96-22 Woodhouse.
HazMat cases	92-76 Safety Equipment.
NTSB	90-11 Thunderbird Accessories.
Statutory authority to regulate flights entirely outside of U.S. questioned	99-11 Evergreen Helicopters; 2000-12 Evergreen.
Knowledge of concealed weapon (See also Weapons Violation)	89-5 Schultz; 90-20 Degenhardt.
Laches (See Delay in initiating action):
Mailing Rule, generally	89-7 Zenker; 90-3 Metz; 90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 90-39 Hart; 98-20 Koenig.
Does not extend time for filing a request for hearing	2000-2 Ryan International.
Overnight express delivery	89-6 American Airlines.
Maintenance (See Aircraft Maintenance):
Maintenance Instruction	93-36 Valley Air.
Maintenance Manual	90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 96-25 USAir.
Air carrier maintenance manual	96-3 America West Airlines.
Approved/accepted repairs	96-3 America West Airlines; 2000-13 Empire Airlines.
Manufacturer's maintenance manual	96-3 America West Airlines; 97-31 Sanford Air; 97-32 Florida Propeller; 2000-3 Warbelow's; 2000-13 Empire Airlines.
Minimum Equipment List (MEL) (See Aircraft Maintenance):
Mootness, appeal dismissed as moot	92-9 Griffin; 94-17 TCI.
National Aviation Safety Inspection Program (NASIP)	90-16 Rocky Mountain.
National Transportation Safety Board:
Administrator not bound by NTSB case law	91-12 Terry & Menne; 92-49 Richardson & Shimp; 93-18 Westair Commuter.
Lack of Jurisdiction	90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 90-17 Wilson; 92-74 Wendt.
Notice of Hearing:
Receipt	92-31 Eaddy.
Notice of Proposed Civil Penalty:
Initiates Action	91-9 Continental Airlines.
Signature of agency attorney	93-12 Langton.
Withdrawal of	90-17 Wilson.
Operate, generally	91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 93-18 Westair Commuter; 96-17 Fenner.
Responsibility of aircraft owner/operator for actions of pilot	96-17 Fenner; 2000-1 Gatewood.
Responsibility of aircraft owner/operator for employee's flying unairworthy aircraft	2000-1 Gatewood.
Oral Argument before Administrator on appeal:
Decision to hold	92-16 Wendt.
Instructions for	92-27 Wendt.
Order Assessing Civil Penalty:
Appeal from	92-1 Costello; 95-19 Rayner.
Timeliness of request for hearing	95-19 Rayner.
Withdrawal of	89-4 Metz; 90-16 Rocky Mountain; 90-22 USAir; 95-19 Rayner; 97-7 Stalling.
Parachuting	98-3 Fedele.
Parts Manufacturer Approval (PMA): Failure to obtain	93-19 Pacific Sky Supply.
Passenger List	99-13 Falcon Air Express.
Passenger Misconduct	92-3 Park.
Assault/Battery	96-6 Ignatov; 97-12 Mayer; 98-11 TWA; 99-16 Dorfman.
Compliance with Fasten Seat Belt Sign	99-16 Alika Aviation.
Interference with a crewmember	96-6 Ignatov; 97-12 Mayer; 98-11 TWA; 98-12 Stout; 99-16 Dorfman.
Smoking	92-37 Giuffrida; 99-6 Squire.
Hearing loss and failure to obey instructions re: not smoking	99-6 Squire.
Stowing carry-on items	97-12 Mayer; 99-16.
Penalty (See Sanction; Hazardous Materials):
Person	93-18 Westair Commuter.
Prima Facie Case (See also Proof & Evidence)	95-26 Hereth; 96-3 America West Airlines.
Proof & Evidence (See also Federal Rules of Evidence):
Admissions	99-5 Africa Air; 2000-3 Warbelow's.
Evidentiary admission is rebuttable	99-5 Africa Air.
Affirmative Defense	92-13 Delta Air Lines; 92-72 Giuffrida; 98-6 Continental Airlines.
Burden of Proof	90-26 & 90-43 Waddell; 91-3 Lewis; 91-30 Trujillo; 92-13 Delta Air Lines; 92-72 Giuffrida; 93-29 Sweeney; 97-32 Florida Propeller; 2000-3 Warbelow's.
Circumstantial Evidence	90-12, 90-19 & 91-9 Continental Airlines; 93-29 Sweeney; 96-3 America West Airlines; 97-10 Alphin; 97-11 Hampton; 97-32 Florida Propeller; 98-6 Continental Airlines.
Credibility (See Administrative:
Law Judges; Credibility of Witnesses)
Criminal standard rejected	91-12 Terry & Menne; 2000-3 Warbelow's.
Closing Arguments (See also Final Oral Argument)	94-20 Conquest Helicopters.
Extra-record material	95-26 Hereth; 96-24 Horizon.
Hearsay	92-72 Giuffrida; 97-30 Emery Worldwide Airlines; 98-11 TWA.
New evidence	94-4 Northwest Aircraft Rental; 96-23 Kilrain; 99-15 Blue Ridge.
Offer of proof	D97-32 Florida Propeller.
Preponderance of evidence	90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 90-12 Continental Airlines; 91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-72 Giuffrida; 97-30 Emery Worldwide Airlines; 97-31 Sanford Air; 97-32 Florida Propeller; 98-3 Fedele; 98-6 Continental Airlines; 98-11 TWA.
Presumption that message on ATC tape is received as transmitted	91-12 Terry & Menne; 92-49 Richardson & Shimp.
Presumption that a gun is deadly or dangerous	90-26 Waddell; 91-30 Trujillo.
Presumption that owner gave pilot permission	96-17 Fenner.
Prima facie case	95-26 Hereth, 96-3 America West; 98-6 Continental Airlines.
Settlement offer	95-16 Mulhall; 96-25 USAir; 99-5 Africa Air.
Admission as part of settlement offer excluded	99-5 Africa Air; 99-14 Alika Aviation.
Subsequent remedial measures	96-24 Horizon; 96-25 USAir.
Substantial evidence	92-72 Giuffrida.
Pro Se Parties:
Special Considerations	90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 90-3 Metz; 95-25 Conquest.
Prosecutorial Discretion	89-6 American Airlines; 90-23 Broyles; 90-38 Continental Airlines; 91-41 [Airport Operator]; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter; 92-73 Wyatt; 95-17 Larry's Flying Service.
Administrator does not review Complainant's decision not to bring action against anyone but respondent	98-2 Carr.
Reconsideration:
Denied by ALJ	89-4 & 90-3 Metz.
Granted by ALJ	92-32 Barnhill.
Late request for	97-14 Pacific Aviation; 98-14 Larry's Flying Service; 2000-5 Blue Ridge.
Petition based on new material	96-23 Kilrain; 2000-14 Warbelow's.
Repetitious petitions	96-9 [Airport Operator]; 2000-5 Blue Ridge; 2000-14 Warbelow's; 2000-16 Warbelow's.
Stay of order pending	90-31 Carroll; 90-32 Continental Airlines; 2000-14 Warbelow's.
Redundancy, enhancing safety	97-11 Hampton.
Remand	89-6 American Airlines; 90-16 Rocky Mountain; 90-24 Bayer; 91-51 Hagwood; 91-54 Alaska Airlines; 92-1 Costello; 92-76 Safety Equipment; 94-37 Houston; 2000-5 Blue Ridge.
Repair Station	90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 92-10 Flight Unlimited; 94-2 Woodhouse; 97-9 Alphin; 97-10 Alphin; 97-31 Sanford Air; 97-32 Florida Propeller; 2000-1 Gatewood.
Request for Hearing	94-37 Houston; 95-19 Rayner.
Constructive withdrawal of	97-7 Stalling; 98-23 Instead Balloon Services.
Timeliness of request	93-12 Langton; 95-19 Raynor; 2000-2 Ryan International.
Untimely request for hearing will be excused for good cause	94-27 Larsen; 93-12 Langton; 2000-2 Ryan International.
Rules of Practice (14 CFR Part 13, Subpart G):
Applicability of	90-12, 90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-17 KDS Aviation.
Challenges to	90-12, 90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-21 Carroll; 90-37 Northwest Airlines.
Effect of Changes in	90-21 Carroll; 90-22 USAir; 90-38 Continental Airlines.
Initiation of Action	90-9 Continental Airlines.
Runway incursions	92-40 Wendt; 93-18 Westair Commuter.
Sanction:
Ability to Pay	89-5 Schultz; 90-10 Webb; 91-3 Lewis; 91-38 Esau; 92-10 Flight Unlimited; 92-32 Barnhill; 92-37 & 92-72 Giuffrida; 92-38 Cronberg; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter; 92-51 Koblick; 93-10 Costello; 94-4 Northwest Aircraft Rental; 94-20 Conquest Helicopters; 95-16 Mulhall; 95-17 Larry's Flying Service; 97-8 Pacific Av. d/b/a Inter-Island Helicopters; 97-11 Hampton; 97-16 Mauna Kea; 98-4 Larry's Flying Service; 98-11 TWA; 99-12 TWA; 99-15 Blue Ridge; 2000-3 Warbelow's.
Agency policy:
ALJ bound by	90-37 Northwest Airlines; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter; 96-19 [Air Carrier]; 2000-3 Warbelow's.
Changes after complaint	97-7 & 97-17 Stallings.
Statements of e.g., FAA Order 2150.3A, Sanction Guidance Table, memoranda pertaining to)	90-19; Continental Airlines; 90-23 Broyles; 90-33 Cato; 90-37 Northwest Airlines; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter' 94-4 South Aero; 96-19 [Air Carrier]; 96-25 USAir.
Community Service	2000-21 Martinez.
Compliance Disposition	97-23 Detroit Metropolitan.
Consistency with Precedent	96-6 Ignatov; 96-26 Midtown; 97-30 Emery Worldwide Airlines; 98-12 Stout; 98-18 General Aviation.
But when precedent is based on superseded sanction policy	96-19 [Air Carrier].
Corrective Action	91-18 [Airport Operator]; 91-40 [Airport Operator]; 91-41 [Airport Operator]; 92-5 Delta Air Lines; 93-18 Westair Commuter; 94-28 Toyota; 96-4 South Aero; 96-19 [Air Carrier]; 97-16 Mauna Kea; 97-23 Detroit Metropolitan; 98-6 Continental Airlines; 98-22 Northwest Airlines; 99-12 TWA; 99-14 Alika Aviation; 2000-20 Phillips Building Supply.
Discovery (See Discovery):
Factors to consider	89-5 Schultz; 90-23 Broyles; 90-37 Northwest Airlines; 91-3 Lewis; 91-18 [Airport Operator]; 91-40 [Airport Operator] 91-41 [Airport Operator]; 92-10 Flight Unlimited; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter; 92-51 Koblick; 94-28 Toyota; 95-11 Horizon; 96-19 [Air Carrier]; 96-26 Midtown; 97-16 Mauna Kea; 98-2 Carr; 99-15 Blue Ridge; 2000-3 Warbelow's.
First-Time Offenders	89-5 Schultz; 95-5 Delta Air Lines; 92-51 Koblick.
HazMat (See Hazardous Materials)
Inexperience	92-10 Flight Unlimited.
Installment Payments	95-16 Mulhall; 95-17 Larry's Flying Service.
Maintenance	95-11 Horizon; 96-3 America West Airlines; 97-8 Pacific Av. d/b/a Inter-Island Helicopters; 97-9 Alphin; 97-10 Alphin; 97-11 Hampton; 97-30 Emery Worldwide Airlines; 99-14 Alika Aviation; 2000-3 Warbelow's.
Maximum	90-10 Webb; 91-53 Koller; 96-19 [Air Carrier].
Minimum (HazMat)	95-16 Mulhall; 96-26 Midtown; 98-2 Carr.
Modified	89-5 Schultz; 90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 91-38 Esau; 92-10 Flight Unlimited; 92-13 Delta Air Lines; 92-32 Barnhill.
Partial Dismissal of Complaint/Full Sanction (See also Complaint)	94-19 Pony Express; 94-40 Polynesian Airways.
Sanctions in specific cases:
Failure to comply with Security Directives	98-6 Continental Airlines; 99-12 TWA.
Passenger/baggage matching	98-6 Continental Airlines; 99-12 TWA.
Passenger Misconduct	97-12 Mayer; 98-12 Stout; 2000-17 Gotbetter.
Person evading screening (See also Screening)	97-20 Werle; 2000-19 Horner.
Pilot Deviation	92-8 Watkins.
Test object detection	90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 96-19 [Air Carrier].
Unairworthy aircraft	97-8 Pacific Av. d/b/a Inter-Island Helicopters; 97-9 Alphin; 98-18 General Aviation; 99-14 Alika Aviation; 2000-3 Warbelow's.
Unauthorized access	90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-37 Northwest Airlines; 94-1 Delta Air Lines; 98-7 LAX.
Unqualified pilot	99-15 Blue Ridge.
Weapons violations	90-23 Broyles; 90-33 Cato; 91-3 Lewis; 91-38 Esau; 92-32 Barnhill; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter; 92-51 Koblick; 94-5 Grant; 97-7 & 97-17 Stallings.
Screening of Persons and Carry-on Items (See also Test Object Detection):
Air carrier failure to detect weapon Sanction	94-44 American Airlines.
Air carrier failure to match bag with passenger	98-6 Continental Airlines; 99-12 TWA.
Entering Sterile Areas	90-24 Bayer; 92-58 Hoedl; 97-20 Werle; 98-20 Koenig; 2000-19 Horner.
Sanction for individual evading screening (See also Sanction)	97-20 Werle; 98-20 Koenig; 2000-19 Horner.
Security Directive re: screening of carry-on items given to passenger by person unknown to the passenger	2000-6 Atlantic Coast Aviation.
Security (See Screening of Persons, Standard Security Program, Test Object Detection, Unauthorized Access, Weapons Violations):
Agency directives, violation of	99-12 TWA.
Giving false information about carrying a weapon or explosive on board an aircraft	98-24 Stevens.
Sealing of Record	97-13 Westair Commuter; 97-28 Continental Airlines.
Separation of Functions	90-12 Continental Airlines; 90-18 Continental Airlines; 90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-21 Carroll; 90-38 Continental Airlines; 93-13 Medel.
Service (See also Mailing Rule; Receipt):
Date of when no certificate of service	2000-2 Ryan International.
Of NPCP	90-22 USAir; 90-20 Werle.
Of FNPCP	93-13 Medel.
Receipt of document sent by mail	92-31 Eaddy; 2000-5 Blue Ridge.
Return of certified mail	97-7 & 97-17 Stallings; 2000-5 Blue Ridge.
Valid Service	92-18 Bargen; 98-19 Martin & Jaworski.
Settlement	91-50 & 92-1 Costello; 95-16 Mulhall; 99-10 Azteca.
Request for hearing not withdrawn	99-10 Azteca.
Skydiving	98-3 Fedele.
Smoking	92-37 Giuffrida; 94-18 Luxemburg; 99-6 Squire.
“Squawk sheets”	2000-18 California Helitech.
Stale Complaint Rule: If NPCP not sent	97-20 Werle.
Standard Security Program (SSP):
Compliance with	90-12, 90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-33 Delta Air Lines; 91-55 Continental Airlines; 92-13 & 94-1 Delta Air Lines; 96-19 [Air Carrier]; 98-22 Northwest Airlines; 99-1 American.
Checkpoint Security Coordinator	98-22 Northwest Airlines.
Ground Security Coordinator	96-16 Westair Commuter.
When an airline is required to have a security program	2000-6 Atlantic Coast Aviation.
Statute of Limitations	97-20 Werle.
Stay of Orders	90-31 Carroll; 90-32 Continental Airlines.
Pending judicial review	95-14 Charter Airlines.
Strict Liability	89-5 Schultz; 90-27 Gabbert; 91-18 [Airport Operator]; 91-40 [Airport Operator]; 91-58 [Airport Operator]; 97-23 Detroit Metropolitan; 98-7 LAX; 2000-3 Warbelow's.
Test Object Detection	90-12, 90-18, 90-19, 91-9 & 91-55 Continental Airlines; 92-13 Delta Air Lines; 96-19 [Air Carrier].
Proof of violation	90-18, 90-19 & 91-9 Continental Airlines; 92-13 Delta Air Lines.
Sanction	90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 96-19 [Air Carrier].
Timeliness (See also Complaint; Filing; Mailing Rule; and Appeals):
Burden to prove date of filing	97-11 Hampton Air; 98-1 V. Taylor.
Of response to NPCP	90-22 USAir.
Of complaint	91-51 Hagwood; 93-13 Medel; 94-7 Hereth.
Of initial decision	97-31 Sanford Air.
Of NPCP	92-73 Wyatt.
Of petition to reconsider	2000-5 Blue Ridge.
Of reply brief	97-11 Hampton.
Of request for hearing	93-12 Langton; 95-19 Rayner; 2000-2 Ryan International.
Of EAJA application (See EAJA—Final disposition, EAJA—Jurisdiction)
Unapproved Parts (See also Parts Manufacturer Approval)	93-19 Pacific Sky Supply.
Unauthorized Access:
To aircraft	90-12 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 94-1 Delta Air Lines.
To Air Operations Area (AOA)	90-37 Northwest Airlines; 91-18 [Airport Operator]; 91-40 [Airport Operator]; 91-58 [Airport Operator]; 94-1 Delta Air Lines.
Visual Cues Indicating Runway, Adequacy of	92-40 Wendt.
Weapons Violations, generally	89-5 Schultz; 90-10 Webb; 90-20 Degenhardt; 90-23 Broyles; 90-33 Cato; 90-26 & 90-43 Waddell; 91-3 Lewis; 91-30 Trujillo; 91-38 Esau; 91-53 Koller; 92-32 Barnhill; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter; 92-51 Koblick; 92-59 Petek-Jackson; 94-5 Grant; 94-44 American Airlines.
Concealed weapon	89-5 Schultz; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter; 92-51 Koblick.
“Deadly or Dangerous”	90-26 & 90-43 Waddell; 91-30 Trujillo; 91-38 Esau.
First-time Offenders	89-5 Schultz.
Intent to commit violation	89-5 Schultz; 90-20 Degenhardt; 90-23 Broyles; 90-26 Waddell; 91-3 Lewis; 91-53 Koller.
Knowledge of Weapon Concealment (See also Knowledge)	89-5 Schultz; 90-20 Degenhardt.
Sanction (See Sanction)
Weight and Balance	94-40 Polynesian Airways.
Passenger list	99-13 Falcon Air Express.
Witnesses (See also Credibility):
Absence of, Failure to subpoena	92-3 Park; 98-2 Carr.
Expert testimony, Evaluation of	93-17 Metcalf; 94-3 Valley Air; 94-21 Sweeney; 96-3 America West Airlines; 96-15 Valley Air; 97-9 Alphin; 97-32 Florida Propeller.
Expert witness fees (See EAJA)
Sequester order	2000-18 California Helitech.
REGULATIONS (Title 14 CFR, unless otherwise noted)
1.1 (maintenance)	94-38 Bohan; 97-11 Hampton.
1.1 (major alteration)	99-5 Africa Air.
1.1 (major repair)	96-3 America West Airlines.
1.1 (minor repair)	96-3 America West Airlines.
1.1 (operate)	91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 93-18 Westair Commuter; 96-17 Fenner.
1.1 (person)	93-18 Westair Commuter.
1.1 (propeller)	96-15 Valley Air.
13.16	90-16 Rocky Mountain; 90-22 USAir; 90-37 Northwest Airlines; 90-38 & 91-9 Continental Airlines; 91-18 [Airport Operator]; 91-51 Hagwood; 92-1 Costello; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter; 93-13 Medel; 93-28 Strohl; 94-27 Larsen; 94-37 Houston; 94-31 Smalling; 95-19 Rayner; 96-26 Midtown Neon Sign; 97-1 Midtown Neon Sign; 97-9 Alphin; 98-18 General Aviation; 2000-2 Ryan International; 2000-3 Warbelow's.
13.201	90-12 Continental Airlines.
13.202	90-6 American Airlines; 92-76 Safety Equipment.
13.203	90-12 Continental Airlines; 90-21 Carroll; 90-38 Continental Airlines.
13.204
13.205	90-20 Degenhardt; 91-17 KDS Aviation; 91-54 Alaska Airlines; 92-32 Barnhill; 94-32 Detroit Metropolitan; 94-39 Kirola; 95-16 Mulhall; 97-20 Werle; 2000-17 Gotbetter; 2000-20 Phillips Building Supply.
13.206
13.207	94-39 Kirola.
13.208	90-21 Carroll; 91-51 Hagwood; 92-73 Wyatt; 92-76 Safety Equipment; 93-13 Medel; 93-28 Strohl; 94-7 Hereth; 97-20 Werle; 98-4 Larry's.
13.209	90-3 Metz; 90-15 Playter; 91-18 [Airport Operator]; 92-32 Barnhill; 92-47 Cornwall; 92-75 Beck; 92-76 Safety Equipment; 94-8 Nunez; 94-5 Grant; 94-22 Harkins; 94-29 Sutton; 94-30 Columna; 95-10 Diamond; 95-28 Atlantic World Airways; 97-7 Stalling; 97-18 Robinson; 97-33 Rawlings; 98-21 Blankson.
13.210	92-19 Cornwall; 92-75 Beck; 92-76 Safety Equipment; 93-7 Dunn; 93-28 Strohl; 94-5 Grant; 94-30 Columna; 95-28 Atlantic World Airways; 96-17 Fenner; 97-11 Hampton; 97-18 Robinson; 97-38 Air St. Thomas; 98-16 Blue Ridge.
13.211	89-6 American Airlines; 89-7 Zenkner; 90-3 Metz; 90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 90-39 Hart; 91-24 Esau; 92-1 Costello; 92-9 Griffin; 92-18 Bargen; 92-19 Cornwall; 92-57 Detroit Metro. Wayne County Airport; 92-74 Wendt; 92-76 Safety Equipment; 93-2 Wendt; 94-5 Grant; 94-18 Luxemburg; 94-29 Sutton; 95-12 Toyota; 95-28 Valley Air; 97-7 Stalling; 97-11 Hampton; 98-4 Larry's Flying Service; 98-19 Martin & Jaworski, 98-20 Koenig; 99-2 Oxygen Systems; 2000-2 Ryan International; 2000-5 Blue Ridge.
13.212	90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 91-2 Continental Airlines; 99-2 Oxygen Systems.
13.213
13.214	91-3 Lewis.
13.215	93-28 Strohl; 94-39 Kirola.
13.216
13.217	91-17 KDS Aviation.
13.218	89-6 American Airlines; 90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 90-39 Hart; 92-9 Griffin; 92-73 Wyatt; 93-19 Pacific Sky Supply; 94-6 Strohl; 94-27 Larsen; 94-37 Houston; 95-18 Rayner; 96-16 WestAir; 96-24 Horizon; 98-20 Koenig.
13.219	89-6 American Airlines; 91-2 Continental; 91-54 Alaska Airlines; 93-37 Airspect; 94-32 Detroit Metro. Wayne County Airport; 98-25 Gotbetter.
13.220	89-6 American Airlines; 90-20 Carroll; 91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation; 91-17 KDS Aviation; 91-54 Alaska Airlines; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter; Horner 2000-19.
13.221	92-29 Haggland; 92-31 Eaddy; 92-52 Cullop.
13.222	92-72 Giuffrida; 96-15 Valley Air.
13.223	91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-72 Giuffrida; 95-26 Hereth; 96-15 Valley Air; 97-11 Hampton; 97-31 Sanford Air; 97-32 Florida Propeller; 98-3 Fedele; 98-6 Continental Airlines; 2000-3 Warbelow's.
13.224	90-26 Waddell; 91-4 [Airport Operator]; 92-72 Giuffrida; 94-18 Luxemburg; 94-28 Toyota; 95-25 Conquest; 96-17 Fenner; 97-32 Florida Propeller; 98-6 Continental Airlines; 2000-3 Warbelow's; 2000-20 Phillips Building Supply.
13.225	97-32 Florida Propeller.
13.226
13.227	90-21 Carroll; 95-26 Hereth.
13.228	92-3 Park.
13.229
13.230	92-19 Cornwall; 95-26 Hereth; 96-24 Horizon.
13.231	92-3 Park.
13.232	89-5 Schultz; 90-20 Degenhardt; 92-1 Costello; 92-18 Bargen; 92-32 Barnhill; 93-28 Strohl; 94-28 Toyota; 95-12 Toyota; 95-16 Mulhall; 96-6 Ignatov; 98-18 General Aviation; 2000-19 Horner.
13.233	89-1 Gressani; 89-4 Metz; 89-5 Schultz; 89-7 Zenkner; 89-8 Thunderbird Accessories; 90-3 Metz; 90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-20 Degenhardt; 90-25 & 90-27 Gabbert; 90-35 P. Adams; 90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-39 Hart; 91-2 Continental Airlines; 91-3 Lewis; 91-7 Pardue; 91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation; 91-10 Graham; 91-11 Continental Airlines; 91-12 Bargen; 91-24 Esau; 91-26 Britt Airways; 91-31 Terry & Menne; 91-32 Bargen; 91-43 & 91-44 Delta; 91-45 Park; 91-46 Delta; 91-47 Delta; 91-48 Wendt; 91-52 KDS Aviation; 91-53 Koller; 92-1 Costello; 92-3 Park; 92-7 West; 92-11 Alilin; 92-15 Dillman; 92-16 Wendt; 92-18 Bargen; 92-19 Cornwall; 92-27 Wendt; 92-32 Barnhill; 92-34 Carrell; 92-35 Bay Land Aviation; 92-36 Southwest Airlines; 92-39 Beck; 92-45 O'Brien; 92-52 Beck; 92-56 Montauk Caribbean Airways; 92-57 Detroit Metro. Wayne Co. Airport; 92-67 USAir; 92-69 McCabe; 92-72 Giuffrida; 92-74 Wendt; 92-78 TWA; 93-5 Wendt; 93-6 Westair Commuter; 93-7 Dunn; 93-8 Nunez; 93-19 Pacific Sky Supply; 93-23 Allen; 93-27 Simmons; 93-28 Strohl; 93-31 Allen; 93-32 Nunez; 94-9 B & G Instruments; 94-10 Boyle; 94-12 Bartusiak; 94-15 Columna; 94-18 Luxemburg; 94-23 Perez; 94-24 Page; 94-26 French Aircraft; 94-28 Toyota; 95-2 Meronek; 95-9 Woodhouse; 95-13 Kilrain; 95-23 Atlantic World Airways; 95-25 Conquest; 95-26 Hereth; 96-1 [Airport Operator]; 96-2 Skydiving Center; 97-1 Midtown Neon Sign; 97-2 Sanford Air; 97-7 Stalling; 97-22 Sanford Air; 97-24 Gordon Air; 97-31 Sanford Air; 97-33 Rawlings; 97-38 Air St. Thomas; 98-4 Larry's Flying Service; 98-3 Fedele; Continental Airlines 98-6; LAX 98-7; 98-10 Rawlings; 98-15 Squire; 98-18 General Aviation; 98-19 Martin & Jaworksi; 98-20 Koenig; 99-2 Oxygen Systems; 99-11 Evergreen Helicopters.
13.234	90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-31 Carroll; 90-32 & 90-38 Continental Airlines; 91-4 [Airport Operator]; 95-12 Toyota; 96-9 [Airport Operator]; 96-23 Kilrain; 2000-5 Blue Ridge; Warbelow's 2000-16.
13.235	90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 90-12 Continental Airlines; 90-15 Playter; 90-17 Wilson; 92-7 West.
Part 14	92-74 & 93-2 Wendt; 95-18 Pacific Sky Supply.
14.01	91-17 & 92-71 KDS Aviation.
14.04	91-17, 91-52 & 92-71 KDS Aviation; 93-10 Costello; 95-27 Valley Air.
14.05	90-17 Wilson.
14.12	95-27 Valley Air.
14.20	91-52 KDS Aviation; 96-22 Woodhouse.
14.22	93-29 Sweeney.
14.23	98-19 Martin & Jaworski.
14.26	91-52 KDS Aviation; 95-27 Valley Air.
14.28	95-9 Woodhouse.
12.181	96-25 USAir.
21.303	93-19 Pacific Sky Supply; 95-18 Pacific Sky Supply.
25.787	97-30 Emery Worldwide Airlines.
25.855	92-37 Giuffrida; 97-30 Emery Worldwide Airlines.
39.3	92-10 Flight Unlimited; 94-4 Northwest Aircraft Rental.
43.3	92-73 Wyatt; 97-31 Sanford Air; 98-18 General Aviation; 2000-1 Gatewood.
43.5	96-18 Kilrain; 97-31 Sanford Air.
43.9	91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation; 97-31 Sanford Air; 98-4 Larry's Flying Service.
43.13	90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 94-3 Valley Air; 94-38 Bohan; 96-3 America West Airlines; 96-25 USAir; 97-9 Alphin; 97-10 Alphin; 97-30 Emery Worldwide Airlines; 97-31 Sanford Air; 97-32 Florida Propeller; 2000-13 Empire Airlines.
43.15	90-25 & 90-27 Gabbert; 91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation; 94-2 Woodhouse; 96-18 Kilrain.
61.3	99-11 Evergreen Helicopters; 2000-12 Evergreen.
65.15	92-73 Wyatt.
65.81	2000-1 Gatewood.
65.92	92-73 Wyatt.
91.7	97-8 Pacific Av. d/b/a Inter-Island Helicopters; 97-17 Mauna Kea; 98-18 General Aviation; 99-5 Africa Air; 2000-1 Gatewood; 2000-3 Warbelow's; 2000-14 Warbelow's.
91.8 (91.11 as of 8/18/90)	92-3 Park.
91.9 (91.13 as of 8/18/90)	90-15 Playter; 91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-8 Watkins; 92-40 Wendt; 92-48 USAir; 92-49 Richardson & Shimp; 92-47 Cornwall; 92-70 USAir; 93-9 Wendt; 93-17 Metcalf; 93-18 Westair Commuter; 93-29 Sweeney; 94-29 Sutton; 95-26 Hereth; 96-17 Fenner.
91.11	96-6 Ignatov; 97-12 Mayer; 98-12 Stout; 99-16 Dorfman; 2000-17 Gotbetter.
91.29 (91.7 as of 8/18/90)	91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation; 92-10 Flight Unlimited; 94-4 Northwest Aircraft Rental.
91.65 (91.111 as of 8/18/90)	91-29 Sweeney; 94-21 Sweeney.
91.67 (91.113 as of 8/18/90)	91-29 Sweeney.
91.71	97-11 Hampton.
91.75 (91.123 as of 8/18/90)	91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-8 Watkins; 92-40 Wendt; 92-49 Richardson & Shimp; 93-9 Wendt.
91.79 (91.119 as of 8/18/90)	90-15 Playter; 92-47 Cornwall; 93-17 Metcalf.
91.87 (91.129 as of 8/18/90	91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-8 Watkins.
91.103	95-26 Hereth.
91.111	96-17 Fenner.
91.113	96-17 Fenner.
91.151	95-26 Hereth.
91.173 (91.417 as of 8/18/90)	91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation.
91.203	99-5 Africa Air.
91.205	98-18 General Aviation.
91.213	97-11 Hampton.
91.403	97-8 Pacific Av. d/b/a Inter-Island Helicopters; 97-31 Sanford Air.
91.405	97-16 Mauna Kea; 98-4 Larry's Flying Service; 98-18 General Aviation; 99-5 Africa Air; 2000-1 Gatewood; 2000-18 California Helitech.
91.407	98-4 Larry's Flying Service; 99-5 Africa Air; 2000-1 Gatewood.
91.417	98-18 General Aviation.
91.517	98-12 Stout.
91.703	94-29 Sutton.
105.29	98-3 Fedele; 98-19 Martin & Jaworski.
107.1	90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-20 Degenhardt; 91-4 [Airport Operator]; 91-58 [Airport Operator]; 98-7 LAX; 2000-19 Horner.
107.9	98-7 LAX.
107.13	90-12 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-4 [Airport Operator]; 91-18 [Airport Operator]; 91-40 [Airport Operator]; 91-41 [Airport Operator]; 91-58 [Airport Operator]; 96-1 [Airport Operator]; 97-23 Detroit Metropolitan; 98-7 LAX.
107.20	90-24 Bayer; 92-58 Hoedl; 97-20 Werle; 98-20 Koenig; 2000-19 Horner.
107.21	89-5 Schultz; 90-10 Webb; 90-22 Degenhardt; 90-23 Broyles; 90-26 & 90-43 Waddell; 90-33 Cato; 90-39 Hart; 91-3 Lewis; 91-10 Graham; 91-30 Trujillo; 91-38 Esau; 91-53 Koller; 92-32 Barnhill; 92-38 Cronberg; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter; 92-51 Koblick; 92-59 Petek-Jackson; 94-5 Grant; 94-31 Smalling; 97-7 Stalling.
107.25	94-30 Columna.
108.5	90-12, 90-18, 90-19, 91-2 & 91-9 Continental Airlines; 91-33 Delta Air Lines; 91-54 Alaska Airlines; 91-55 Continental Airlines; 92-13 & 94-1 Delta Air Lines; 94-44 American Airlines; 96-16 WestAir; 96-19 [Air Carrier]; 98-22 Northwest Airlines; 99-1 American; 99-12 TWA; 2000-6 Atlantic Coast Aviation.
108.7	90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 99-1 American.
108.9	98-22 Northwest Airlines; 2000-19 Horner.
108.10	96-16 WestAir.
108.11	90-23 Broyles; 90-26 Waddell; 91-3 Lewis; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter; 94-44 American Airlines.
108.13	90-12 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-37 Northwest Airlines.
108.18	98-6 Continental Airlines; 99-12 TWA; 2000-6 Atlantic Coast Aviation.
121.133	90-18 Continental Airlines.
121.153	92-48 & 92-70 USAir; 95-11 Horizon; 96-3 American West Airlines; 96-24 Horizon; 96-25 USAir; 97-21 Delta; 97-30 Emery Worldwide Airlines.
121.221	97-30 Emery Worldwide Airlines.
121.317	92-37 Giuffrida; 94-18 Luxemburg; 99-6 Squire; 99-16 Dorfman.
121.318	92-37 Giuffrida.
121.363	2000-13 Empire Airlines.
121.367	90-12 Continental Airlines; 96-25 USAir.
121.379	2000-13 Empire Airlines.
121.571	92-37 Giuffrida.
121.575	98-11 TWA.
121.577	98-11 TWA.
121.589	97-12 Mayer.
121.628	95-11 Horizon; 97-21 Delta; 97-30 Emery Worldwide Airlines.
121.693	99-13 Falcon Air Express.
121.697	99-13 Falcon Air Express.
135.1	95-8 Charter Airlines; 95-25 Conquest.
135.3	99-15 Blue Ridge; 2000-5 Blue Ridge.
135.5	94-3 Valley Air; 94-20 Conquest Helicopters; 95-25 Conquest; 95-27 Valley Air; 96-15 Valley Air.
135.25	92-10 Flight Unlimited; 94-3 Valley Air; 95-27 Valley Air; 96-15 Valley Air; 2000-3 Warbelow's; 2000-14 Warbelow's.
135.63	94-40 Polynesian Airways; 95-17 Larry's Flying Service; 95-28 Atlantic; 96-4 South Aero; 99-7 Premier Jets.
135.87	90-21 Carroll.
135.95	95-17 Larry's Flying Service; 99-15 Blue Ridge; 2000-5 Blue Ridge.
135.179	97-11 Hampton; 2000-3 Warbelow's; 2000-14 Warbelow's.
135.185	94-40 Polynesian Airways.
135.234	99-15 Blue Ridge; 2000-14 Warbelow's.
135.243	99-11 Evergreen Helicopters; 99-15 Blue Ridge; 2000-5 Blue Ridge; 2000-12 Evergreen.
135.263	95-9 Charter Airlines; 96-4 South Aero.
135.267	95-8 Charter Airlines; 95-17 Larry's Flying Service; 96-4 South Aero.
135.293	95-17 Larry's Flying Service; 96-4 South Aero; 99-15 Blue Ridge; 2000-5 Blue Ridge.
135.299	99-15 Blue Ridge; 2000-5 Blue Ridge.
135.343	95-17 Larry's Flying Service; 99-15 Blue Ridge; 2000-5 Blue Ridge.
135.411	97-11 Hampton.
135.413	94-3 Valley Air; 96-15 Valley Air; 97-8 Pacific Av. d/b/a Inter-Island Helicopters; 97-16 Mauna Kea; 99-14 Alika Aviation.
135.421	93-36 Valley Air; 94-3 Valley Air; 96-15 Valley Air; 99-14 Alika Aviation.
135.437	94-3 Valley Air; 96-15 Valley Air.
137.19	2000-12 Evergreen.
141.101	98-18 Green Aviation.
145.1	97-10 Alphin.
145.3	97-10 Alphin.
145.25	97-10 Alphin.
145.45	97-10 Alphin.
145.47	97-10 Alphin.
145.49	97-10 Alphin.
145.51	2000-1 Gatewood.
145.53	90-11 Thunderbird Accessories.
145.57	94-2 Woodhouse; 97-9 Alphin; 97-32 Florida Propeller.
145.61	90-11 Thunderbird Accessories.
191	90-12 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-37 Northwest Airlines; 98-6 Continental Airlines; 99-12 TWA.
298.1	92-10 Flight Unlimited.
302.8	90-22 USAir.
49 CFR
1.47	92-76 Safety Equipment.
171 et seq.	95-10 Diamond; 2000-20 Phillips Building Supply.
171.2	92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling; 95-16 Mulhall; 96-26 Midtown; 98-2 Carr.
171.8	92-77 TCI.
172.101	92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling; 96-26 Midtown.
172.200	92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 95-16 Mulhall; 96-26 Midtown; 98-2 Carr.
172.202	92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling; 95-16 Mulhall; 98-2 Carr.
172.203	94-28 Toyota.
172.204	92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling; 95-16 Mulhall; 98-2 Carr.
172.300	94-31 Smalling; 95-16 Mulhall; 96-26 Midtown; 98-2 Carr.
172.301	94-31 Smalling; 95-16 Mulhall; 98-2 Carr.
172.304	92-77 TCI; 94-31 Smalling; 95-16 Mulhall; 98-2 Carr.
172.400	92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling; 95-16 Mulhall; 98-2 Carr.
172.402	94-28 Toyota.
172.406	92-77 TCI.
173.1	92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling; 95-16 Mulhall; 98-2 Carr.
173.3	94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling; 98-2 Carr.
173.6	94-28 Toyota.
173.22(a)	94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling; 98-2 Carr.
173.24	94-28 Toyota; 95-16 Mulhall.
173.25	94-28 Toyota.
173.27	92-77 TCI.
173.62	98-2 Carr.
173.115	92-77 TCI.
173.240	92-77 TCI.
173.243	94-28 Toyota.
173.260	94-28 Toyota.
173.266	94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling.
175.25	94-31 Smalling.
191.5	97-13 Westair Commuter.
191.7	97-13 Westair Commuter.
821.30	92-73 Wyatt.
821.33	90-21 Carroll.
Statutes
5 U.S.C.:
504	90-17 Wilson; 91-17 & 92-71 KDS Aviation; 92-74, 93-2 & 93-9 Wendt; 93-29 Sweeney; 94-17 TCI; 95-27 Valley Air; 96-22 Woodhouse; 98-19 Martin & Jaworski.
552	90-12, 90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 93-10 Costello.
554	90-18 Continental Airlines; 90-21 Carroll; 95-12 Toyota.
556	90-21 Carroll; 91-54 Alaska Airlines.
557	90-20 Degenhardt; 90-21 Carroll; 90-37 Northwest Airlines; 94-28 Toyota.
705	95-14 Charter Airlines.
5332	95-27 Valley Air.
11 U.S.C.:
362	91-2 Continental Airlines.
28 U.S.C.:
2412	93-10 Costello; 96-22 Woodhouse.
2462	90-21 Carroll.
49 U.S.C.:
5123	95-16 Mulhall; 96-26 & 97-1 Midtown Neon Sign; 98-2 Carr; 2000-20 Phillips Building Supply.
40102	96-17 Fenner.
41706	99-6 Squire.
44701	96-6 Ignatov; 96-17 Fenner; 99-12 TWA; 2000-3 Warbelow's.
44704	96-3 America West Airlines; 96-15 Valley Air.
46110	96-22 Woodhouse; 97-1 Midtown Neon Sign.
46301	97-1 Midtown Neon Sign; 97-16 Mauna Kea; 97-20 Werle; 99-15 Blue Ridge; 2000-3 Warbelow's.
46302	98-24 Steven.
46303	97-7 Stalling.
49 U.S.C. App.:
1301(31) (operate)	93-18 Westair Commuter.
(32) (person)	93-18 Westair Commuter.
1356	90-18 & 90-19, 91-2 Continental Airlines.
1357	90-18, 90-19, & 91-2 Continental Airlines; 91-41 [Airport Operator]; 91-58 [Airport Operator].
1421	92-10 Flight Unlimited; 92-48 USAir; 92-70 USAir; 93-9 Wendt.
1429	92-73 Wyatt.
1471	89-5 Schultz; 90-10 Webb; 90-20 Degenhardt; 90-12, 90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-23 Broyles; 90-26 & 90-43 Waddell; 90-33 Cato; 90-37 Northwest Airlines; 90-39 Hart; 91-2 Continental Airlines; 91-3 Lewis; 91-18 [Airport Operator]; 91-53 Koller; 92-5 Delta Air Lines; 92-10 Flight Unlimited 92-46 Sutton-Sautter; 92-51 Koblick; 92-74 Wendt; 92-76 Safety Equipment; 94-20 Conquest Helicopters; 94-40 Polynesian Airways; 96-6 Ignatov; 97-7 Stalling.
1472	96-6 Ignatov.
1475	90-20 Degenhardt; 90-12 Continental Airlines; 90-18, 90-19 & 91-1 Continental Airlines; 91-3 Lewis; 91-18 [Airport Operator]; 94-40 Polynesian Airways.
1486	90-21 Carroll; 96-22 Woodhouse.
1809	92-77 TCI; 94-19 Pony Express; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling; 95-12 Toyota.
FRCP
Rule 11	2000-17 Gotbetter.
Rule 26	2000-19 Horner.

Civil Penalty Actions—Orders Issued by the Administrator

Digests

(Issued between July 1, 2000, and September 30, 2000)

The digests of the Administrator's final decisions and orders are arranged by order number, and briefly summarize key points of the decision. The following compilation of digests includes all final decisions and orders issued by the Administrator from July 1, 2000, to September 30, 2000. The FAA will publish non-cumulative supplements to this compilation on a quarterly basis (e.g., April, July, October, and January of each year).

These digests do not constitute legal authority, and should not be cited or relied upon as such. The digests are not intended to serve as a substitute for proper legal research. Parties, attorneys, and other interested persons should always consult the full text of the Administrator's decisions before citing them in any context.

In the Matter of David E. Everson, d/b/a North Valley Helicopters

Order No. 2000-15 (8/7/00)

Appeal Dismissed. Complaint withdrew its notice of appeal from the law judge's initial decision. Therefore, Complainant's appeal is dismissed.

In the Matter of Warbelow's Air Ventures, Inc.

Order No. 2000-16 (8/8/00)

Reconsideration Denied. Warbelow's filed a second, repetitive petition to reconsider FAA Order No. 2000-3. The Rules of Practice provide that the FAA decisionmaker will not consider repetitious petitions, and may summarily dismiss them. 14 CFR § 13.234(d). Warbelow's second petition to reconsider is summarily dismissed as repetitive.

In the Matter of Howard Gotbetter

Order No. 2000-17 (8/11/00)

Alleged Assault on Flight Attendant. On appeal, Gotbetter argues that the record does not support the law judge's finding that he assaulted a flight attendant in violation of 14 CFR 91.11.

Credibility findings. The law judge's credibility findings will not be overturned because Gotbetter has not given any persuasive reason to do so.

Alleged Bias. Gotbetter argues that the ALJ was biased against him. Gotbetter claims that the law judge is in essence “a puppet” of the FAA, and FAA is in turn a puppet of the airlines. Gotbetter is wrong; the law judge is not an employee of the FAA. The United States Department of Transportation employs the law judge.

Gotbetter also contends that the law judge was improperly “cozy” with agency counsel because the law judge renewed his acquaintance with agency counsel after the hearing and discussed agency counsel's new baby. Merely making small talk with counsel does not rise to the level of a showing of bias.

“Guilt by Association.” Gotbetter argues that the law judge unfairly penalized him for the actions of his traveling companion. This argument is rejected—the law judge specifically declined to hold Gotbetter responsible for his traveling companion's actions.

Conclusion. The law judge's decision assessing a $500 civil penalty is affirmed.

In the Matter of California Helitech

Order No. 2000-18 (8/11/00)

Operating helicopters with open discrepancies on the squawk sheets. California Helitech, a helicopter pilot school certificated under Part 141, operated two helicopters with open maintenance discrepancies on the squawk sheets. The law judge held that California Helitech violated 14 CFR 91.405(a) and (b) and assessed a $2,200 civil penalty.

Airworthiness. Complainant did not allege that the helicopters were unairworthy. The law judge precluded the introduction of testimony regarding whether the helicopters were airworthy at the hearing. Nonetheless, he held in the initial decision that California Helitech operated the helicopters in an unairworthy condition. The Administrator reversed the law judge's ruling that the helicopters were unairworthy. The Administrator held the finding was unfair in light of the preclusion of evidence at the hearing, and it was unnecessary in light of the absence of any allegation that the helicopters were operated in an unairworthy condition.

The Administrator rejected California Helitech's argument that there should have been no finding of violations because the squawk sheets are required under Part 141 but Complainant did not prove that the flights were conducted under Part 141. The Administrator held that while the squawk sheet is a Part 141 form, the requirement to repair and make appropriate entries in maintenance records arose under Part 91. Regardless of the format of the discrepancy listing, Section 91.405's requirements still apply.

Sequestering of Witnesses. The law judge granted the motion to sequester the witnesses at the beginning of the hearing. Complainant's witness, Inspector Magill, testified during Complainant's case-in-chief, and again as a rebuttal witness, but he was not sequestered during the testimony of the other witnesses. The Administrator held that California Helitech should have objected at the hearing so that the law judge would have had an opportunity to bar the inspector from retaking the witness stand. Moreover, there was little, if any, need to sequester Inspector Magill because on rebuttal he testified primarily as an expert, not a percipient, witness.

Civil Penalty Appropriate Despite California Helitech's Surrender of its Part 141 Certificate. The need for a sanction with a punitive and deterrent effect is not obviated by California Helitech's voluntary surrender of its pilot school certificate.

Sanction. The Administrator affirmed the $2,200 civil penalty, finding it to be reasonable in light of the proven violations.

In the Matter of James J. Horner

Order No. 2000-19 (8/11/00)

Alleged entering of sterile area without submitting to screening. Horner was late for a flight. He presented his carry-on bag for x-ray inspection at the security checkpoint. The screener, who was unable to determine the nature of one of the objects inside the bag, handed it to a bag checker for a physical search. Horner “grabbed” the bag from the bag checker even though the search was not finished and set off for the gate. The supervisor called out to Horner to stop, but he did not. A screener followed him to the gate and told the ticket agent not to let him board because his bag had not been searched thoroughly. The screener asked Horner if he could search the bag, and Horner agreed, but he threw it on the ground and kicked it. He was verbally abusive appeared extremely angry and scary. The screener searched the bag and found nothing threatening. The law judge held that Horner violated 14 CFR 107.20 and assessed a $750 civil penalty.

Alleged Lack of Fair Hearing. On appeal, Horner argued that the agency attorney violated FRCP Rule 26 by failing to provide him, within 30 days before the hearing, a list of evidence the agency might introduce at the hearing. Horner contends he did not present any witnesses because he thought the agency would not present any evidence. The FRCP do not apply in FAA civil penalty proceedings, and the FAA civil penalty rules of practice do not contain a provision that mandates disclosure without a discovery request. Horner was free to submit discovery requests to the agency attorney, but he failed to do so. His claim that he was denied a fair hearing is rejected.

Lateness of Initial Decision. Horner also argued that the case against him should have been dismissed because the law judge failed to issue a decision within 30 days after the hearing, as required by 14 CFR 13.232(c). The law judge's decision was issued approximately 3 months late. Horner has neither asserted nor shown any prejudice resulting from the delay. He could have moved to compel the law judge to issue the decision, but did not.

Conclusion. The Administrator affirmed law judge's decision assessing a $750 civil penalty.

In the Matter of Phillips Building Supply

Order No. 2000-20 (8/11/00)

Hazardous Materials. In this case, five 1-gallon cans of Formica glue were shipped aboard a UPS cargo plane without proper packaging, labeling, marking, and without complying with other requirements of the Hazardous Materials Regulations. The shipment was found leaking in a UPS facility. The agency attorney sought a $20,000 civil penalty, but the law judge reduced it to $9,000, and the agency attorney appealed.

Sanction. The law judge improperly used a mathematical, formulaic approach of multiplying the number of violations by a set dollar amount. This was not appropriate, as a violation of one regulation may be more or less serious than of another.

The law judge improperly reduced the $20,000 proposed civil penalty to $9,000 because of Phillips' first effort at training. While it was a corrective measure justifying a reduction, it deserves only a minor one. Phillips' own witness characterized the training as “cursory.”

Further, the law judge improperly reduced the civil penalty based on Phillips' attorney's statement that he advised his client of the need for further training. There was no indication that Phillips accepted its attorney's advice. Moreover, further training after a hearing would be so long after the incident that it could not be regarded as a mitigating factor. Also, it is beyond the authority of the law judge to impose a training requirement as part of the sanction; the law judge's authority is limited to imposing a civil penalty.

In addition, the law judge improperly based his sanction determination in part on Phillips' promise not to ship hazardous materials any more. The case law indicates that a promise not to ship hazardous materials in the future does not represent the type of positive corrective action that warrants consideration in determining the penalty. Such a company policy may be changed at any time.

After considering all the factors required by the statute—

1. the nature, circumstances, extent, and gravity of the violation (undeclared shipments pose a special risk and are extremely dangerous; FAA inspector's testimony that given the closed ventilation system, if the glue leaked, vapors could cause crew to succumb; the package actually leaked, and onto some food, which could have caused people to get sick if they ingested it; on the other hand, it was a relatively small shipment; it was not flammable, corrosive, or radioactive);

2. the violator's degree of culpability, any history of prior violations, the ability to pay, and any effect on the ability to continue to do business (Phillips is a business rather than an individual; while it is not a manufacturer, it regularly handles hazardous materials; prior violations are not present; and Phillips has not alleged financial hardship); and

3. other matters that justice requires (Phillips did take some corrective action—i.e., two employees participated in a UPS training course; this doesn't justify a large adjustment, but it is still mitigating).

Conclusion. Based on the statutory factors, the $9,000 civil penalty assessed by the law judge is too low, but the $20,000 sought by Complainant is excessive. A $14,000 civil penalty is imposed.

In the Matter of Daniel A. Martinez

Order No. 2000-21 (8/11/00)

Untimely Supplemental Brief Rejected. Order No. 2000-7 directed Martinez to file a supplemental brief explaining why he failed to answer the complaint and the law judge's order to show cause. Martinez lacked good cause for failing to file his supplemental brief by the deadline. Thus, his supplemental brief is rejected.

Community Service. In any event, the relief Martinez sought on appeal—to substitute community service for the civil penalty—is not available. The governing statute and regulations provide only for monetary penalties in FAA civil penalty actions; they do not provide for community service as a possible penalty.

Conclusion. Martinez's appeal is dismissed, the law judge's initial decision is affirmed, and a civil penalty of $2,200 is assessed.

Commercial Reporting Services of the Administrator's Civil Penalty Decision and Orders

Commercial Publications: The Administrator's decisions and orders in civil penalty cases are available in the following commercial publications:

Civil Penalty Cases Digest Service, published by Hawkins Publishing Company, Inc., P.O. Box 480, Mayo, MD, 21106, [phone];

Federal Aviation Decisions, Clark Boardman Callaghan, a subsidiary of West Information Publishing Company, 50 Broad Street East, Rochester, NY 14694, 1-800-211-9428.

2. On-Line Services. The Administrator's decisions and orders in civil penalty cases are available through the following on-line services:

• Westlaw (the Database ID is FTRAN-FAA)
• LEXIS [Transportation (TRANS) Library, FAA file.]
• Compuserve
• FedWorld

Docket

The FAA Hearing Docket is located at FAA Headquarters, 800 Independence Avenue, SW, Room 926A, Washington, DC, 20591 (tel. no. 202-267-3641). The clerk of the FAA Hearing Docket is Ms. Stephanie McClain. All documents that are required to be filed in civil penalty proceedings must be filed with the FAA hearing Docket Clerk at the FAA Hearing Docket. (See 14 CFR 13.210.) Materials contained in the docket of any case not containing sensitive security information (protected by 14 CFR Part 191) may be viewed at the FAA Hearing Docket.

In addition, materials filed in the FAA Hearing Docket in non-security cases in which the complaints were filed on or after December 1, 1997, are available for inspection at the Department of Transportation Docket, located at 400 7th Street, SW, Suite PL-401, Washington, DC, 20590, (tel. no. 202-366-9329.) While the originals are retained in the FAA Hearing Docket, the DOT Docket scans copies of documents in non-security cases in which the complaint was filed after December 1, 1997, into their computer database. Individuals who have access to the Internet can view the materials in these dockets using the following Internet address: http://dms.dot.gov.

FAA Offices

The Administrator's decisions and orders, indexes, and digests are available for public inspection and copying at the following location in FAA headquarters:

FAA Hearing Docket, Federal Aviation Administration, 800 Independence Avenue, SW., Room 926A, Washington, DC 20591; [phone]

These materials are also available at all FAA regional and center legal offices at the following locations:

Office of the Regional Counsel for the Aeronautical Center (AMC-7), Mike Monroney Aeronautical Center, 6500 South MacArthur Blvd., Oklahoma City, OK 73169; [phone]

Office of the Regional Counsel for the Alaskan Region (AAL-7), Alaskan Region Headquarters, 222 West 7th Avenue, Anchorage, AL 99513; [phone]

Office of the Regional Counsel for the Central Region (ACE-7), Central Region Headquarters, 601 East 12th Street, Federal Building, Kansas City, MO 64106; [phone]

Office of the Regional Counsel for the Eastern Region (AEA-7), 1 Aviation Plaza, 159-30 Rockaway Blvd., Springfield Gardens, NY 11434; [phone]

Office of the Regional Counsel for the Great Lakes Region (AGL-7), Great Lakes Region Headquarters, O'Hare Lake Office Center, 2300 East Devon Avenue, Suite 419, Des Plaines, IL 60019: [phone]

Office of the Regional Counsel for the New England Region (ANE-7), New England Regional Headquarters, 12 New England Executive Park, Room 401, Burlington, MA 01803; [phone]

Office of the Regional Counsel for the Northwest Mountain Region (ANM-7), Northwest Mountain Region Headquarters, 1601 Lind Avenue, SW, Renton, WA 98055; [phone]

Office of the Regional Counsel for the Southern Region (ASO-7), Southern Region Headquarters, 1701 Columbia Avenue, College Park, GA 30337; [phone]

Office of the Regional Counsel for the Southwest Region (ASW-7), Southwest Region Headquarters, 2601 Meacham Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76137; [phone]

Office of the Regional Counsel for the Technical Center (ACT-7), William J. Hughes Technical Center, Atlantic City International Airport, Atlantic City, NJ 08405; [phone]

Office of the Regional Counsel for the Western-Pacific Region (AWP-7), Western-Pacific Region Headquarters, 15000 Aviation Boulevard, Hawthorne, CA 90261; (310) 725-71000

Issued in Washington, DC on October 31, 2000.

James S. Dillman,

Assistant Chief Counsel for Litigation.