2024-28307. Protection of Stratospheric Ozone: Determination 39 for the Significant New Alternatives Policy Program  

  • Refrigeration and Air Conditioning

    End-use Substitute Decision Further information 1
    Cold storage warehouses (retrofit equipment only) R-471A Acceptable This substitute is a blend of 78.7 percent hydrofluoroolefin (HFO)-1234ze(E), which is also known as trans -1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene; (Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number [CAS Reg. No.] 29118-24-9); 17.0 percent HFO-1336mzz(E), also known as trans -1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (CAS Reg. No. 66711-86-2); and 4.3 percent HFC-227ea, which is also known as 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane (CAS Reg. No. 431-89-0). R-471A has a global warming potential (GWP) of 144 and an ozone depletion potential (ODP) of 0. The blend is not flammable as it has an American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) flammability classification of “1”.
    ( print page 99726)
    ASHRAE has adopted an occupational exposure limit (OEL) for the blend of 710 ppm on an eight-hour time-weighted average (8-hr TWA). For the components of R-471A, the Workplace Environmental Exposure Limit (WEEL) Committee of the Occupational Alliance for Risk Science (OARS) has established a WEEL of 400 ppm on an 8-hr TWA for HFO-1336mzz(E), the AIHA has established a WEEL of 1,000 ppm for HFC-227ea (8-hr TWA), and ASHRAE has adopted an OEL of 800 ppm on an 8-hr TWA for HFO-1234ze(E).
    Cold storage warehouses (retrofit equipment only) R-480A Acceptable This substitute is a weighted blend of 5 percent CO 2 , 86 percent HFO-1234ze(E), which is also known as trans -1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene CAS Reg. No. 29118-24-9), and 9 percent HFC-227ea, which is also known as 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane (CAS Reg. No. 431-89-0).
    R-480A has a GWP of 291 and an ODP of 0. The blend is not flammable as it has an ASHRAE flammability classification of “1.” ASHRAE has adopted an OEL for the blend of 900 ppm (8-hr TWA). For the components of R-480A, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has established a permissible exposure limit (PEL) for CO 2 of 5,000 ppm on an 8-hr TWA, AIHA has established a WEEL of 1,000 ppm for HFC-227ea (8-hr TWA), and ASHRAE has adopted an OEL of 800 ppm on an 8-hr TWA for HFO-1234ze(E).
    Commercial ice machines (retrofit equipment only) R-480A Acceptable This substitute is a weighted blend of 5 percent CO 2 , 86 percent HFO-1234ze(E), which is also known as trans -1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene CAS Reg. No. 29118-24-9), and 9 percent HFC-227ea, which is also known as 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane (CAS Reg. No. 431-89-0).
    R-480A has a GWP of 291 and an ODP of 0. The blend is not flammable as it has an ASHRAE flammability classification of “1.” ASHRAE has adopted an OEL for the blend of 900 ppm (8-hr TWA). For the components of R-480A, OSHA has established a PEL for CO 2 of 5,000 ppm on an 8-hr TWA, AIHA has established a WEEL of 1,000 ppm for HFC-227ea (8-hr TWA), and ASHRAE has adopted an OEL of 800 ppm on an 8-hr TWA for HFO-1234ze(E).
    Industrial process refrigeration ( retrofit equipment only) R-471A Acceptable This substitute is a blend of 78.7 percent HFO-1234ze(E), which is also known as trans -1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene; (CAS Reg. No. 29118-24-9); 17.0 percent HFO-1336mzz(E), also known as trans -1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (CAS Reg. No. 66711-86-2); and 4.3 percent HFC-227ea, which is also known as 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane (CAS Reg. No. 431-89-0).
    R-471A has a GWP of 144 and an ODP of 0. The blend is not flammable as it has an ASHRAE flammability classification of “1”. ASHRAE has adopted an OEL for the blend of 710 ppm (8-hr TWA). For the components of R-471A, OARS has established a WEEL of 400 ppm on an 8-hr TWA for HFO-1336mzz(E), AIHA has established a WEEL of 1,000 ppm for HFC-227ea (8-hr TWA), and ASHRAE has adopted an OEL of 800 ppm on an 8-hr TWA for HFO-1234ze(E).
    Positive displacement chillers (retrofit equipment only) R-480A Acceptable This substitute is a weighted blend of 5 percent CO 2 , 86 percent HFO-1234ze(E), which is also known as trans -1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene CAS Reg. No. 29118-24-9), and 9 percent HFC-227ea, which is also known as 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane (CAS Reg. No. 431-89-0). R-480A has a GWP of 291 and an ODP of 0. The blend is not flammable as it has an ASHRAE flammability classification of “1.” ASHRAE has adopted an OEL for the blend of 900 ppm (8-hr TWA). For the components of R-480A, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has established a permissible exposure limit (PEL) for CO 2 of 5,000 ppm on an 8-hr TWA, AIHA has established a WEEL of 1,000 ppm for HFC-227ea (8-hr TWA), and ASHRAE has adopted an OEL of 800 ppm on an 8-hr TWA for HFO-1234ze(E).
    Refrigerated transport (retrofit equipment only) R-480A Acceptable This substitute is a weighted blend of 5 percent CO 2 , 86 percent HFO-1234ze(E), which is also known as trans -1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene CAS Reg. No. 29118-24-9), and 9 percent HFC-227ea, which is also known as 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane (CAS Reg. No. 431-89-0).
    R-480A has a GWP of 291 and an ODP of 0. The blend is not flammable as it has an ASHRAE flammability classification of “1.” ASHRAE has adopted an OEL for the blend of 900 ppm (8-hr TWA). For the components of R-480A, OSHA has established a PEL for CO 2 of 5,000 ppm on an 8-hr TWA, AIHA has established a WEEL of 1,000 ppm for HFC-227ea (8-hr TWA), and ASHRAE has adopted an OEL of 800 ppm on an 8-hr TWA for HFO-1234ze(E).
    Residential and light commercial air conditioning and heat pumps—self-contained units (new equipment only) R-513A Acceptable This HFC-134a/HFO-1234yf blend R-513A has an ODP of 0. Its components include HFC-134a which has a GWP of 1,430 and HFO-1234yf which has a GWP of 1. If these values are weighted by mass percentage, then the blend would have a GWP of 630. All components of the blends are excluded from EPA's regulatory definition of VOC under CAA regulations (see 40 CFR 51.100(s)).
    ASHRAE has assigned R-513A a flammability class of “1,” meaning it does not propagate a flame under standard test conditions. ASHRAE has adopted an OEL for the blend R-513A of 650 ppm (8-hr TWA). The AIHA has established WEELs of 1000 ppm for HFC-134a and of 500 ppm for HFO-1234yf, both as an 8-hr TWA.
    Retail food refrigeration—Refrigerated food processing and dispensing equipment (retrofit equipment only) R-471A Acceptable This substitute is a blend of 78.7 percent HFO-1234ze(E), which is also known as trans -1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene; (CAS Reg. No. 29118-24-9); 17.0 percent HFO-1336mzz(E), also known as trans -1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (CAS Reg. No. 66711-86-2); and 4.3 percent HFC-227ea, which is also known as 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane (CAS Reg. No. 431-89-0).
    R-471A has a GWP of 144 and an ODP of 0. The blend is not flammable as it has an ASHRAE flammability classification of “1”. ASHRAE has established an OEL for the blend of 710 ppm on an eight-hour time-weighted average (8-hr TWA). For the components of R-471A, OARS has established a WEEL of 400 ppm on an 8-hr TWA for HFO-1336mzz(E), AIHA has established a WEEL of 1,000 ppm for HFC-227ea (8-hr TWA), and ASHRAE has adopted an OEL of 800 ppm on an 8-hr TWA for HFO-1234ze(E).
    ( print page 99727)
    Retail food refrigeration—Remote condensing units (retrofit equipment only) R-471A Acceptable This substitute is a blend of 78.7 percent HFO-1234ze(E), which is also known as trans -1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene; (CAS Reg. No. 29118-24-9); 17.0 percent HFO-1336mzz(E), also known as trans -1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (CAS Reg. No. 66711-86-2); and 4.3 percent HFC-227ea, which is also known as 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane (CAS Reg. No. 431-89-0).
    R-471A has a GWP of 144 and an ODP of 0. The blend is not flammable as it has an ASHRAE flammability classification of “1”. ASHRAE has established an OEL for the blend of 710 ppm (8-hr TWA). For the components of R-471A, OARS has established a WEEL of 400 ppm on an 8-hr TWA for HFO-1336mzz(E), AIHA has established a WEEL of 1,000 ppm for HFC-227ea (8-hr TWA), and ASHRAE has adopted an OEL of 800 ppm on an 8-hr TWA for HFO-1234ze(E).
    Retail food refrigeration—Supermarket systems (retrofit equipment only) R-471A Acceptable This substitute is a blend of 78.7 percent HFO-1234ze(E), which is also known as trans -1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene; (CAS Reg. No. 29118-24-9); 17.0 percent HFO-1336mzz(E), also known as trans -1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (CAS Reg. No. 66711-86-2); and 4.3 percent HFC-227ea, which is also known as 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane (CAS Reg. No. 431-89-0).
    R-471A has a GWP of 144 and an ODP of 0. The blend is not flammable as it has an ASHRAE flammability classification of “1”. ASHRAE has established an OEL for the blend of 710 ppm (8-hr TWA). For the components of R-471A, OARS has established a WEEL of 400 ppm on an 8-hr TWA for HFO-1336mzz(E), AIHA has established a WEEL of 1,000 ppm for HFC-227ea (8-hr TWA), and ASHRAE has adopted an OEL of 800 ppm on an 8-hr TWA for HFO-1234ze(E).
    Water coolers (retrofit equipment only) R-480A Acceptable This substitute is a weighted blend of 5 percent CO 2 , 86 percent HFO-1234ze(E), which is also known as trans -1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene CAS Reg. No. 29118-24-9), and 9 percent HFC-227ea, which is also known as 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane (CAS Reg. No. 431-89-0).
    R-480A has a GWP of 291 and an ODP of 0. The blend is not flammable as it has an ASHRAE flammability classification of “1.” ASHRAE has adopted an OEL for the blend of 900 ppm (8-hr TWA). For the components of R-480A, OSHA has established a PEL for CO 2 of 5,000 ppm on an 8-hr TWA, AIHA has established a WEEL of 1,000 ppm for HFC-227ea (8-hr TWA), and ASHRAE has adopted an OEL of 800 ppm on an 8-hr TWA for HFO-1234ze(E).
    1  See recommendations in the manufacturer's SDS and guidance for all listed refrigerants.

    Foam Blowing

    End-use Substitute Decision Further information 1
    Polystyrene: Extruded boardstock and billet Extruded polystyrene (XPS) foam blowing agent blends of 0 to 90 percent HFO-1336mzz(Z), 0 to 90 percent HFO-1234ze(E), 0 to 75 percent HFC-152a, and 0 to 90 percent CO 2 Acceptable HFO-1234ze(E) is also known as trans -1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene (Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number [CAS Reg. No.] 29118-24-9). HFO-1336mzz(Z) is also known as (Z)-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene and cis -1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (CAS Reg. No. 692-49-9). HFC-152a is also known as 1,1-difluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 75-37-6). CO 2 has CAS Reg. No. 124-38-9. These blends have 100-year GWPs from 1 to about 94, depending on the specific composition. Blends of these compounds anticipated to be used in manufacturing are flammable. The AIHA has established a WEEL of 1,000 ppm for HFC-152a on an eight-hour Time-Weighted Average (8-hr TWA). The OARS has established a WEEL of 500 ppm (8-hr TWA) for HFO-1336mzz(Z). The manufacturer of HFO-1234ze(E) has established an OEL of 800 ppm (8-hr TWA) and the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers has adopted an OEL of 800 ppm (8-hr TWA) for this compound. The U.S. OSHA has established a PEL of 5,000 ppm on an 8-hr TWA for CO 2.
    1  See recommendations in the manufacturer's SDS and guidance for all listed foam blowing agents.

Document Information

Published:
12/11/2024
Department:
Environmental Protection Agency
Entry Type:
Rule
Action:
Determination of acceptability.
Document Number:
2024-28307
Dates:
This determination is applicable on December 11, 2024.
Pages:
99720-99727 (8 pages)
Docket Numbers:
EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118, FRL-12145-01-OAR
RINs:
2060-AG12: Prot. of Strat. Ozone: Update of the Substitutes List Under (SNAP) Program
RIN Links:
https://www.federalregister.gov/regulations/2060-AG12/prot-of-strat-ozone-update-of-the-substitutes-list-under-snap-program
Topics:
Administrative practice and procedure, Air pollution control, Environmental protection, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements
PDF File:
2024-28307.pdf
Supporting Documents:
» Risk Screen on Substitutes in Extruded Polystyrene Boardstock and Billet Foam Substitute: Blends of 10 to 90 Percent HFO-1234ze(E) by Weight and the Remainder HFC-152a (Solstice® XBA-2).
» Risk Screen on Substitutes in Extruded Polystyrene Boardstock and Billet Foam Substitute: HFO-1234ze(E)/Methyl Formate/HFC-152a/CO2/Water Co-blowing Blends for Extruded Polystyrene Foam Insulation (HFO-1234ze(E)/Methyl Formate/HFC-152a/CO2/Water Co-blowing Blends)
» Risk Screen on Substitutes in Coatings. Substitute: HCFO-1233yd(Z)
» Risk Screen on Substitutes in Aerosol Solvents. Substitute: HCFO-1233yd(Z)
» Risk Screen on Substitutes in Cold Storage Warehouses and Industrial Process Air Conditioning. Substitute: HCFO-1233zd(E)
» Society of the Plastics Industry and Polyurethane Insulation Manufacturer's Association ($PI & PIMA). 1992. Decomposition of HCFC-123 and HCFC141b in Foam-Blowing Applications: Summary Report. January 3, 1992.[A-91-42-III-B-68]
» Smith, R.L. 1998. Assessments of occupational exposure to nPB in adhesive spray and metal cleaning applications. Written communications from Robert Smith, Albemarle Corporation to EPA, March 19 through June 26, 1998 [A-91-42-X-A-57]
» Kliesch, U; Adler, I. 1987. Micronucleus test in bone marrow of mice treated with 1-nitropropane, 2-nitropropaneand cisplatin. Mutation Research 192:181-184. [A-91-42-X-A-40]
» Kamijima M, Ichihara G, Kitoh J, et al. 1997b. Ovarian toxicity of 2-bromopropane in the nonpregnant female rat. J Occup Health 39:144-149.[A-91-42-X-A-36]
» Letter to Sharon Gidumal, DuPont from Jeffrey Levy, EPA. September 22, 1993. [A-91-42-IV-C-17]
CFR: (1)
40 CFR 82