[Federal Register Volume 64, Number 249 (Wednesday, December 29, 1999)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 72992-72993]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 99-33735]
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DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
Fish and Wildlife Service
50 CFR Part 17
RIN 1018-AF43
Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Reopening of the
Comment Period on the Proposed Delisting of the Douglas County
Population of the Columbian White-Tailed Deer
AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, Interior.
ACTION: Proposed rule; notice of reopening of comment period.
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SUMMARY: We, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service), pursuant to
the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (Act), provide notice of
the reopening of the comment period for the proposed delisting of the
Douglas County, Oregon population of the Columbian white-tailed deer
(Odocoileus virginianus leucurus). The comment period has been reopened
in order to provide the three independent peer reviewers an opportunity
to review previous public comments, and any additional public comments,
on the proposed rule.
DATES: Comments from all interested parties must be received by January
13, 2000.
ADDRESSES: Written comments, materials, data, and reports concerning
this proposal should be sent to the Supervisor, U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service, Southwest Oregon Field Office, 2900 NW Stewart Parkway,
Roseburg, Oregon 97470. Comments and materials received will be
available for public inspection, by appointment, during normal business
hours, at the above address.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: David Peterson, at the address listed
above (telephone 541/957-3474; facsimile 541/957-3475).
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Background
The Columbian white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus leucurus)
resembles other white-tailed deer subspecies, ranging in size from 39
to 45 kilograms (kg) (85 to 100 pounds (lbs) for females and 52 to 68
kg (115 to 150 lbs) for males. Generally a red-brown color in summer,
and gray in winter, the species has white rings around the eyes and a
white ring just behind the nose. Its tail is long and triangular in
shape, and is brown on the dorsal (upper) surface, fringed in white,
and the ventral (under) portion is white (Oregon Department of Fish and
Wildlife (ODFW) 1995). The species was formerly distributed throughout
the bottomlands and prairie woodlands of the lower Columbia,
Willamette, and Umpqua River basins in Oregon and southern Washington
(Bailey 1936). It is the westernmost representative of the 38
subspecies of white-tailed deer. Early accounts suggested this deer was
locally common, particularly in riparian areas along the major rivers
(Gavin 1978). The decline in deer numbers was rapid with the arrival
and settlement of pioneers in the fertile river valleys. Conversion of
brushy riparian land to agriculture, urbanization, uncontrolled sport
and commercial hunting, and perhaps other factors apparently caused the
extirpation of this deer over most of its range by the early 1900s
(Gavin 1984). Only a small herd of 200 to 400 animals in the lower
Columbia River area of Clatsop and Columbia Counties, Oregon, and
Cowlitz and Wahkiakum Counties, Washington, and a disjunct population
of unknown size in Douglas County,
[[Page 72993]]
Oregon, survived. These two remnant populations are geographically
separated by about 320 kilometers (km) (200 miles (mi)) of unsuitable
or discontinuous habitat.
Population declines led to classification of this subspecies as
endangered in 1967 under the Endangered Species Protection Act of 1966
(32 FR 4001). The subspecies was automatically included in the lists of
threatened and endangered species when the Endangered Species Act was
authorized in 1973 (16 U.S. C. 1531 et seq.). Prior to 1977, only the
Columbia River population was listed as endangered since the Douglas
County population was considered a black-tailed deer (Odocoileus
hemionus columbiana) or a hybrid between the black-tailed deer and the
Columbian white-tailed deer by the State of Oregon. In 1978, the State
of Oregon recognized the white-tailed deer population in Douglas County
as the Columbian white-tailed deer and prohibited hunting of white-
tailed deer in that county (ODFW 1995). The Columbian White-tailed Deer
Recovery Plan (Recovery Plan) was approved by us in 1976, and a revised
version was approved in 1983 (Service 1983). Because of the distance
between the Douglas County and Columbia River populations, and
differences in habitats and threats, the Recovery Plan addresses the
recovery of these two populations separately.
Crews (1939) estimated the population in the 1930s in Douglas
County at 200 to 300 individuals within a range of about 78 square
kilometers (sq km) (30 square miles (sq mi)). In 1970, ODFW estimated
that 450 to 500 deer were present. By 1983, the number had increased to
about 2,500 (Smith 1985). The population has continued to grow, and are
presently estimated to be between 5,900 to 7,900 deer (ODFW 1999).
Along with this increase in numbers, the range also has expanded.
The deer have expanded to the north and west in the last 10 years, and
now occupy an area of approximately 800 sq km (308 sq mi) (ODFW 1995).
Most habitat for the Douglas County population is on private lands.
Approximately 3,880 hectares (ha) (9,586 acres (ac)) of suitable
habitat are presently considered secure on Federal, County and private
lands. For the purpose of delisting, habitat is considered secure if it
is protected by legally binding measures or law from adverse human
activities for the foreseeable future.
The current total population size is estimated as approximately six
times the population size required for downlisting, which greatly
reduces the risk to the population. It is also anticipated that as
habitat management and restoration activities are implemented by the
Bureau of Land Management, which contains the majority of secure lands,
the carrying capacity and numbers of deer on these lands will increase
accordingly. The Douglas County population has met the objectives in
the Recovery Plan, and greatly exceeded the habitat objectives.
We published a proposed rule to delist the Columbian white-tailed
deer on May 11, 1999 (64 FR 25263). The original comment period closed
on June 25, 1999. We reopened the comment period on November 3, 1999
(64 FR 59729) to conduct a peer review of the proposal, and solicited
the opinions of three appropriate and independent specialists regarding
the data, assumptions, and supportive information presented for the
Douglas County population of Columbian white-tailed deer, per our
Interagency Cooperative policy for Peer Review in Endangered Species
Act Activities (59 FR 34270). We are reopening the comment period again
in order to provide the three independent peer reviewers an opportunity
to review previous public comments, and any additional public comments,
on the proposed rule.
References Cited
Bailey, V. 1936. The mammals and life zones of Oregon. North
American Fauna. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC 55:
89-91.
Crews, A.K. 1939. A study of the Oregon white-tailed deer,
Odocoileus virginianus leucurus (Douglas). M.S. thesis. Oregon State
College. Corvallis. 46 pp.
Gavin, T.A. 1984. Pacific Northwest. in: White-tailed deer, ecology
and management. L. K. Halls, editor. A Wildlife Management Institute
publication. Pages 491-492.
Gavin, T.A. 1978. Status of the Columbian white-tailed deer: some
quantitative uses of biogeographic data. Pages 185-202 in:
Threatened Deer. IUCN. Morges, Switzerland. 434 pp.
Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. 1999. Deer census and
population trend data. Unpublished ODFW report, Southwest Regional
Office. 4 pages.
Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. 1995. Columbian white-tailed
deer biological status assessment. Report to Oregon Fish and
Wildlife Commission. 83 pp.
Smith, W.P. 1985. Current geographic distribution and abundance on
the Columbian white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus leucurus
(Douglas). Northwest Science 59:243-251.
U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1983. Revised Columbian white-
tailed deer recovery plan. Portland, Oregon. 75 pp.
Author
The primary author of this notice is Barbara Behan of the Regional
Office, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 911 NE 11th Avenue, Portland,
Oregon 97232-4181 (telephone 503/231-6131).
Authority
The authority of this action is the Endangered Species Act of 1973,
as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.).
Thomas J. Dwyer,
Regional Director, Fish and Wildlife Service.
[FR Doc. 99-33735 Filed 12-28-99; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4310-55-P
