[Federal Register Volume 59, Number 250 (Friday, December 30, 1994)]
[Unknown Section]
[Page 0]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 94-32280]
[[Page Unknown]]
[Federal Register: December 30, 1994]
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Part IV
Department of Justice
_______________________________________________________________________
Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention
_______________________________________________________________________
Proposed Comprehensive Plan for Fiscal Year 1995; Notice
DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention
[OJP No. 1037]
ZRIN 1121-ZA04
Proposed Comprehensive Plan for Fiscal Year 1995
AGENCY: Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile Justice and
Delinquency Prevention, Justice.
ACTION: Notice of Proposed Program Plan for fiscal year 1995.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY: The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention is
publishing this Notice of its Proposed Comprehensive Plan for fiscal
year 1995.
ADDRESSES: Comments may be mailed to Shay Bilchik, Administrator,
Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Room 742, 633
Indiana Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20531.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Marilyn Silver, Management Analyst, Information Dissemination and
Planning Unit, (202) 307-0751. [This is not a toll-free number.]
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The Office of Juvenile Justice and
Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) is a component of the Office of Justice
Programs in the U.S. Department of Justice. Pursuant to the provisions
of Section 204(b)(5)(A), 42 U.S.C. 5614(b)(5)(A), of the Juvenile
Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974, as amended, 42 U.S.C.
5601 et seq. [hereinafter called the JJDP Act], the Administrator of
OJJDP is publishing for public comment a Proposed Comprehensive Plan
describing the program activities that OJJDP proposes to carry out
during fiscal year 1995. The Proposed Comprehensive Plan includes
activities authorized in Parts C and D of Title II (42 U.S.C. 5651-
5665a and 42 U.S.C. 5667-5667a) of the JJDP Act. Taking into
consideration comments received on this Proposed Comprehensive Plan,
the Administrator will develop and publish a Final Comprehensive Plan
describing the particular program activities that OJJDP intends to fund
during fiscal year 1995, using in whole or in part funds appropriated
under Parts C and D of Title II of said Act.
The official solicitation of grant applications under the Final
Comprehensive Plan will be published at a later date in the Federal
Register. No proposals, concept papers, or other forms of application
should be submitted at this time.
Introduction
The Nation's juvenile justice system stands at a crossroads. We are
faced with a disturbing increase in violent crimes committed by
juveniles and an alarming rise in abuse, neglect, and street violence
perpetrated against American youth. In light of this emerging crisis,
we can no longer afford a narrow focus by separate disciplines to
attack this problem. To effectively address the rising levels of
juvenile crime, participants from all community sectors, public and
private, across specializations, must plan collaboratively and
comprehensively if we are to reduce violence and build healthier and
safer communities. Collectively, we must launch a two-pronged assault
on juvenile delinquency and violence, and their causes. Both prevention
and early intervention programs and a strong focus on law enforcement
and a comprehensive system of graduated sanctions are crucial to this
battle.
The public's fear of youth violence is well founded. The Federal
Bureau of Investigation's Uniform Crime Report shows that the greatest
increase in arrests of violent offenders involves children under the
age of 15. This is also true of offenses involving the use of weapons.
No place is a haven. Our neighborhoods, our schools and our homes are
all places of violence. The increased use of weapons, particularly
firearms, by our youth has created great fear for both and of our
children.
An emphasis on increased law enforcement and corrections has been
the most common reaction to the increase in juvenile violent crime.
However, providing more detention beds and secure commitment facilities
and increasing prosecution of juveniles as adults can only protect our
communities in the short term. Even the strongest proponents of this
approach acknowledge that such measures alone cannot put an end to
youth violence. While we must take immediate steps to protect our
communities today, programs to prevent delinquency and violence
tomorrow are the greatest hope for the future.
The problem of crime and violence in our communities seems
insurmountable. Many strands of our Nation's social fabric are
unraveling. This is why we must intensify our efforts to prevent
delinquency by seeking ways to effectively intervene with those at risk
and rehabilitate juvenile offenders before they become adult criminals.
Working with our communities we must integrate a system of support for
our families and children that will help them live in a healthy and
safe environment. America's children should awaken each morning in
homes that are free of child abuse and neglect; they should attend
schools that are free of drugs, gangs, and guns; and after school, they
should be able to play in parks that are safe and return to homes that
provide a nurturing, supportive, and loving atmosphere.
Much of the public debate about juvenile delinquency centers on at-
risk youth. If we are to provide early and effective intervention to
prevent delinquency, we must begin by more precisely targeting at-risk
children and families, but we should not exclude any child who needs
services.
The road to adulthood has become increasingly hazardous in our
society, and many families have broken apart. We must strengthen and
preserve families. In particular, we must help families provide their
children with the support that young people need for healthy growth and
development.
Recent research sponsored by OJJDP and others confirms this
approach. Studies indicate clear correlations between neglect and abuse
and increased delinquency and violence. An ongoing OJJDP study on the
causes and correlates of delinquency, notes that adolescents from
families in which two or more forms of violence are present (e.g. child
and spouse abuse) are almost twice as likely to report committing
violent offenses as their peers from nonviolent families. A National
Institute of Justice study on the cycle of violence reports that
childhood abuse and neglect increase the likelihood of arrest as a
juvenile and as an adult. The direct connection between violence and
child neglect and abuse is striking: 12.5 percent of neglected children
and 15.8 percent of physically abused children will be arrested for a
violent offense by the time they reach age 25.
Thousands of alleged incidents of child abuse and neglect are
reported to authorities across America every day. These reports are
often handled within systems that are ill-equipped to properly
investigate cases, report adequately to the court, or provide effective
protective supervision, appropriate foster care, or timely permanent
placement. As a result, children may be harmed by the very system
designed to protect them. Families may be devastated by the
inappropriate handling of these cases.
Child protective service workers, investigators, police officers,
and others responsible for protecting children need training in child
development and investigative training, along with manageable
caseloads. This will enable them to gather the information needed to
make legal determinations while displaying sensitivity to the child and
the family. Court counselors must be able to manage their cases and
know the critical details needed to make an appropriate recommendation
to the court regarding such matters as placement and future court
action. Social workers must have adequate time to work with families,
ensure compliance with court orders, and, above all, ensure the safety
of children. They must be able to monitor a child's status in foster
care and minimize the trauma that out-of-home placement may cause.
Judges must have the opportunity to deliberate on each case in a
thorough and thoughtful manner. They must be able to render informed,
objective, and deliberate decisions that are in the best interests of
the child and in full accord with justice. They must have the resources
at their disposal to meet the treatment needs of the child and the
family.
If we are serious about combating crime, we must intervene early
and constructively in the lives of our children. We know that the early
years of life are highly significant in a child's development. It is
during that period that children learn empathy from caring adults with
whom they have secure attachments and develop a sense of trust derived
from parental responsiveness and loving attention.
Therefore, it is critical to:
Offer parents the tools they need to nurture their
children effectively, through parent training classes and home
visitation programs, including parents of offenders and juvenile
offenders who are teen parents.
Enable children to enter kindergarten ready for school
with a chance to succeed, through programs such as Head Start and
HIPPY.
Keep students in school, where they can acquire the tools
to become self-sufficient through truancy and dropout prevention and
intervention programs.
Given youth a positive alternative to being out on the
street and the violence this encourages through after-school activities
and conflict resolution programs.
Provide youth with positive role models through mentoring
programs.
Early intervention programs, based on a proper assessment, should
be available the first time a juvenile commits an offense. A variety of
innovative early intervention programs for first-time, nonviolent
offenders have been implemented successfully. They include neighborhood
resource teams, informal probation, peer mediation, community service,
victim awareness programs, restitution, day treatment, alternative
education, and outpatient alcohol and drug abuse treatment. These types
of programs need to be replicated across America.
We also need to ensure that sanctions are available for more
serious offenders and for offenders who have failed to benefit from the
early intervention described above. Such sanctions include drug
testing, weekend detention, intensive supervision for probationers,
inpatient drug and alcohol abuse treatment, electronic monitoring,
community-based residential programs, and boot camps.
Secure facilities are needed for serious, violent, and chronic
offenders who require a structured treatment environment or who
threaten community safety. If a review of the nature of the offense,
the offender's amenability to treatment, and the offenders' record
indicate that the juvenile justice system cannot provide appropriate
services and adequately protect the community, the prosecution of such
offenders in the criminal courts may be required.
Finally, aftercare, or ``community care,'' must be more than an
afterthought. Such services must be an integral aspect of all
dispositions involving residential placement and include the active
involvement of the child's family. It makes little sense to intervene
in a significant way in children's lives only to send those children
back into the same environment without a support system for the family
and child. OJJDP's intensive aftercare program is developing the
programmatic policy and underpinnings for enhancing our efforts in this
vital area.
As a result of research and evaluation, we can now point to a
variety of program models that can reduce delinquency and youth
violence. We should base program development on this research and,
whenever possible, evaluate funded programs to measure their impact. We
also need to provide information, technical assistance, and training on
the most promising programs.
Protecting our communities and protecting our children: this two-
part strategy lies at the heart of OJJDP's leadership of the Nation's
efforts to prevent and combat delinquency and of the programs proposed
in this plan. Community-based, collaborative efforts that involve
comprehensive strategies aimed at reducing delinquency and youth
violence will be critical to our success. Federal departments whose
programs affect youth must work in an interdisciplinary manner,
adopting this approach. With the tools provided by the Crime Act--
including enhanced community-oriented policing, delinquency prevention
programs, and new correctional programs and facilities--we have an
opportunity to build prevention and intervention strategies that can be
implemented to reduce juvenile delinquency and violence across America.
OJJDP's Comprehensive Response
The Attorney General, Justice Department policy officials, and
OJJDP have called for an unprecedented national commitment of public
and private resources, and commitment to reversing recent trends in
juvenile violence and juvenile victimization in our Nation. OJJDP's
Comprehensive Strategy for Serious, Violent, and Chronic Juvenile
Offenders is the centerpiece of this call for action. It outlines two
principle components: prevention and intervention.
Prevention is the most cost-effective means of dealing with
delinquency. The prevention component of the strategy calls for
establishing community-based planning teams with broad participation.
Collaborative efforts must be made between the juvenile justice system
and other service systems, including mental health, health, child
welfare, and education. Effective delinquency prevention programs are
based on a risk-focused approach in which communities systematically
assess their delinquency problem in relation to known risk factors and
implement programs to counteract them.
Simultaneously, protective factors must be increased to counter
risk factors. A key strategy to counter risk factors in young people's
lives is to enhance protective factors that fall into three basic
categories: (1) Individual characteristics (having a resilient
temperament or a positive orientation), (2) bonding (positive
relationships that promote close bonds), and (3) healthy beliefs and
clear standards.
The Comprehensive Strategy's intervention component is based on the
recognition that an effective model for the treatment and
rehabilitation of delinquent offenders must combine accountability and
sanctions with increasingly intensive treatment and rehabilitation. The
community must be protected and the offender held responsible for the
harm suffered by the victim. The family must be integrated into
treatment and rehabilitative efforts at each stage of this continuum.
Aftercare must be a formal component of all residential placements,
actively involving the family and the community in supporting and
reintegrating the juvenile into the community.
The intervention component calls for establishing a range of
graduated sanctions that provides both immediate interventions and
intermediate sanctions, including extensive use of nonresidential
community-based programs. Intermediate sanctions use both
nonresidential and residential programming, including intensive
supervision programs for serious and for some first-time violent
offenders. The criminal behavior of many serious, violent, and chronic
offenders will require the use of secure detention to protect the
community and provide a structured treatment environment.
Implementing a comprehensive strategy at the local level requires
that all sectors of the community participate in determining local
needs and in planning and implementing programs to meet those needs
through a continuum of care. To expand implementation of the
Comprehensive Strategy, OJJDP intends to fund additional competitive
grants in fiscal year 1995 in urban and rural communities.
The National Council on Crime and Delinquency, in partnership with
Development Research and Programs, is completing a joint review of
program models to identify the most effective, promising programs for
use in implementing the Comprehensive Strategy. Reports will be
published on:
Effective prevention strategies from birth to age six.
A review of evaluations of selected prevention strategies
in childhood, adolescence, and the community.
Effective and promising graduated sanctions programs for
serious, violent, and chronic juvenile offenders.
Risk assessment and classification for serious, violent,
chronic juvenile offenders.
The reports on effective programs will be combined with an
operations manual, which communities can use as a blueprint to assess
their juvenile justice system and design and implement improvements
that respond to community needs.
OJJDP and the Department of Justice are working closely with the
Departments of Health and Human Services, Housing and Urban
Development, Treasury, Labor, and Education, the Office of National
Drug Control Policy, and other Office of Justice Programs bureaus and
offices to develop solutions to youth violence. These agencies
cosponsored the 1994 national conference Solving Youth Violence:
Partnerships That Work.
The OJJDP is providing technical assistance and training to four
pilot jurisdictions in an interdepartmental initiative called Project
PACT (Pulling America's Communities Together). The Denver metropolitan
area, the District of Columbia, the Atlanta metropolitan area, and the
State of Nebraska are developing coordinated solutions to violence. Key
officials and community leaders are being trained and assisted in
assessing the local adult and juvenile violence problem and mobilizing
their justice system responses and resources to develop systemwide
solutions. Staff are being trained in establishing effective
delinquency prevention programs using a risk-focused strategy and in
intervention efforts employing a range of graduated sanctions for
juveniles in the juvenile justice system.
OJJDP is participating in a collaborative effort with the Bureau of
Justice Assistance through the Comprehensive Communities Program. Under
this program, cities or counties faced with high rates of drug-related
crime and violence are developing a comprehensive strategy for crime-
drug-control that requires law enforcement and other government
agencies to work in partnership with the community to address these
problems by focusing on the environment that fosters them. Each
strategy must include a jurisdiction-wide commitment to community
policing, coordination among public and private agencies (including
social services, public health, etc.), and efforts that encourage
citizens, including crime victims, to take an active role in problem
solving.
Overview
OJJDP was established by the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency
Prevention Act of 1974 (Pub. L. 93-415), as amended, to provide a
comprehensive, coordinated approach to prevent and control juvenile
crime and improve the juvenile justice system. OJJDP administers a
State Formula Grants Program in 57 States and territories, funds more
than 100 projects through its Special Emphasis Discretionary Grant
Program and its National Institute for Juvenile Justice and Delinquency
Prevention, and coordinates all Federal activities related to juvenile
justice and delinquency prevention.
OJJDP serves as the staff agency for the Coordinating Council on
Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, coordinates the
Concentration of Federal Efforts Program, and administers the Title VI
Missing and Exploited Children's Program, the Title V Prevention
Incentive Grants Program, and programs under the Victims of Child Abuse
Act of 1990, as amended (42 U.S.C. 13001 et seq.).
1992 JJDP Act Amendments
The Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Amendments of 1992
(Public Law 92-586) expanded the role of OJJDP in Federal efforts to
prevent and treat juvenile delinquency and improve the juvenile justice
system by including three new priorities: strengthening the families of
delinquents, improving State and local administration of justice and
services to juveniles, and assisting States and local communities in
preventing youth from entering the justice system. The Amendments
encourage coordination of services, interagency cooperation, and
parental involvement in treatment and services for juveniles. Seven new
studies were mandated. The Comptroller General is in the process of
completing five of these studies: (1) juveniles waived, certified, or
transferred to adult court, (2) admissions of juveniles with behavior
disorders to private psychiatric hospitals, (3) gender bias in State
juvenile justice systems, (4) Native American pass-through under the
Formula Grants Program, and (5) access to counsel in juvenile court
proceedings. OJJDP is conducting the other two studies: one on the
incidence, nature, and causes of violence committed by or against
juveniles in urban and rural areas, and a second on the extent and
characteristics of juvenile hate crimes.
The JJDP Act Amendments of 1992 authorize OJJDP to administer
several new grant programs.
Part E, State Challenge Activities, authorizes grants to
States participating in the Part B Formula Grants Program that provide
up to 10 percent of a State's Formula Grants Program allocation for
each of 10 challenge activities in which the State participates.
Part F, Treatment for Juvenile Offenders Who Are Victims
of Child Abuse or Neglect, authorizes grants to public and nonprofit
private organizations for treatment of juvenile offenders who are
victims of child abuse or neglect, transitional services, and related
research.
Part G, Mentoring, authorizes three-year grants to local
education agencies, or to private nonprofit organizations working in
partnership with such agencies, for mentoring programs designed to link
at-risk youth with responsible adults to discourage youth involvement
in criminal and violent activity.
Part H, Boot Camps, authorizes grants to establish up to
10 military-style boot camps for delinquent juveniles.
Title V, Incentive Grants for Local Delinquency Prevention
Programs, authorizes grants to local governments for a broad range of
delinquency prevention activities targeting youth who have had contact
with, or are at-risk of contact with, the juvenile justice system.
In fiscal year 1995, funds were appropriated for three of the five
programs cited above: Part G Mentoring ($4 million), Title V Incentive
Grants ($20 million), and Part E State Challenge Activities ($10
million). These programs are not included in this plan, nor are
programs authorized and funded under TItle IV Missing Children's
Assistance Act and the Victims of Child Abuse Act of 1990, as amended.
Fiscal Year 1995 Program Planning Activities
The OJJDP program planning process for fiscal year 1995 is
coordinated with the Assistant Attorney General, Office of Justice
Programs (OJP), and the four other OJP Program Bureaus: the Bureau of
Justice Assistance (BJA); the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS); the
National Institute of Justice (NIJ); and the Office for Victims of
Crime (OVC). The program planning process involves the following steps:
Internal review of existing programs by OJJDP staff.
Internal review of proposed programs by OJP bureaus and
selected Department of Justice components.
Review of information and data from OJJDP grantees and
contractors.
Review of information contained in State comprehensive
plans.
Review of comments made by youth services providers,
juvenile justice practitioners, and researchers.
Consideration of suggestions made by juvenile justice
policymakers concerning State and local needs.
Consideration of all comments received during the period
of public comment on the Proposed Comprehensive Plan.
Discretionary Program Activities
Discretionary Grant Continuation Policy
OJJDP has listed on the following pages continuation projects
currently funded in whole or in part with Part C and Part D funds and
eligible for continuation funding in fiscal year 1995, either within an
existing project period or through an extension for an additional
project period. A grantee's eligibility for continued funding for an
additional budget period within an existing project period depends on
the grantee's compliance with funding eligibility requirements and
achievement of the prior year's objectives.
Consideration for continuation funding for an additional project
period for previously funded discretionary grant programs will be based
upon several factors, including:
The extent to which the project responds to the applicable
requirements of the JJDP Act.
Responsiveness to OJJDP and Department of Justice fiscal
year 1995 program priorities.
Compliance with performance requirements of prior grant
years.
Compliance with fiscal and regulatory requirements.
Compliance with any special conditions of the award.
Availability of funds (based on program priority
determinations).
In accordance with 42 U.S.C. 5665a, Section 262(d)(1)(B), the
competitive process for the award of Part C funds shall not be required
if the Administrator makes a written determination waiving the
competitive process:
1. With respect to programs to be carried out in areas in which the
President declares under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and
Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq.) that a major disaster
or emergency exists, or
2. With respect to a particular program described in part C that is
uniquely qualified.
In implementing the fiscal year 1995 Program Plan, OJJDP will
continue the process of developing, testing, and demonstrating the
graduated sanctions concept throughout its programs, such as the Safe
Futures. Partnerships to Reduce Youth Violence and Delinquency Program,
while also supporting Weed and Seed sites and Empowerment Zones and
Enterprise Communities. This support will be provided through:
New competitive programs to be funded at the State or
local level and new programs that provide funds to national
organizations to provide services at the State and local level.
Continuation awards, under which OJJDP will negotiate with
grantees and task contractors to identify and ensure the provision of
appropriate technical assistance, training, information, and direct
program services to Weed and Seed sites, Empowerment Zones and
Enterprise Communities, other jurisdictions adopting a continuum of
care program approach, and other eligible service recipients.
OJJDP Funding Policy
OJJDP seeks to focus its assistance on the development and
implementation of programs with the greatest potential for reducing
juvenile delinquency and to cultivate partnerships with State and local
organizations. To that end, OJJDP has set three goals that constitute
the major elements of a sound policy for juvenile justice and
delinquency prevention.
To promote delinquency prevention efforts.
To foster the use of community-based alternatives to the
traditional juvenile justice system.
To improve the juvenile justice system.
Delinquency Prevention
The first goal of OJJDP is to identify and promote programs that
prevent or reduce the occurrence of status or delinquent offenses. A
sound policy for juvenile delinquency prevention strives to strengthen
the most powerful contributing factor to good behavior: a productive
place for young people in a law-abiding society. Preventive measures
can operate on a large scale, providing gains in youth development
while reducing youthful misbehavior. OJJDP programs encourage a risk-
focused approach based on public health and social development models.
Community-Based Alternatives
OJJDP's second goal is to identify and promote community-based
alternatives for each stage of a child's contact with the juvenile
justice system, emphasizing options that are the least restrictive and
promote or preserve positive ties with the child's family, school, and
community. Communities cannot afford to place responsibility for
juvenile crime entirely on the juvenile justice system. A sound policy
for combating juvenile crime makes maximum use of a community's less
formal, often less expensive, and less alienating responses to youthful
misbehavior while, at the same time, maintaining the safety of the
public.
Improvement of the Juvenile Justice System
The third goal of OJJDP is to promote improvements in the juvenile
justice system and facilitate the most effective allocation of system
resources. The limited resources of the juvenile justice system must be
reserved for the most difficult and intractable problems of juvenile
crime. A sound policy concentrates the more formal, expensive, and
restrictive options of the juvenile justice system in two areas:
Youth behavior that is most abhorrent and least amenable
to preventive measures and community responses.
Problems of youth and their families that exceed community
resources and require more stringent legal resolution. It also promotes
accountability on the part of individual juvenile offenders to their
victims.
Fiscal Year 1995 Programs
The following are brief summaries of each of the proposed new and
continuation programs for fiscal year 1995. The specific program
priorities proposed within each category are subject to change with
regard to their priority status, estimated amount, sites for
implementation, and other descriptive data and information based on the
review and comment process, grantee performance, application quality,
fund availability, and other factors. OJJDP has limited appropriations
available for new programs in fiscal year 1995. Accordingly, new
programs are proposed with funding levels that are subject to change.
A number of programs contained in this document have been
identified for funding by Congress with regard to the grantee(s), the
amount of funds, or both. Such programs are indicated by an asterisk
(*). The 1995 Appropriations Act Conference Report for the Departments
of Commerce, Justice, and State, the Judiciary, and Related Agencies
Programs identified 13 programs for OJJDP to examine and fund if
warranted. Three of the programs are included in this Plan for
continuation funding. The remaining 10 will receive careful
consideration for funding in fiscal year 1995.
The new Safe Futures: Partnerships to Reduce Youth Violence and
Delinquency Program is presented first, as it is an overarching effort
that addresses all three of the OJJDP goal areas. This umbrella program
focuses on a variety of services and funding resources.
Fiscal Year 1995 Program Listing
Umbrella program:
Safe Futures: Partnerships to Reduce Youth Violence and
Delinquency.............................................. $7,000,000
Evaluation of the Safe Futures: Partnerships to Reduce
Youth Violence and Delinquency Program................... 150,000
Delinquency prevention:
New programs:
Family Strengthening and Support--Including Non-English
Speaking................................................. 1,000,000
Training and Technical Assistance for Family-Strengthening
Services................................................. 250,000
Training in Risk-Focused Prevention Strategies............ 500,000
Truancy................................................... 400,000
Youth-Centered Conflict Resolution........................ 200,000
Pathways to Success....................................... 450,000
Mental Health in the Juvenile Justice System.............. 500,000
Youth Handgun Study/Model Juvenile Handgun Legislation.... 175,500
Multipurpose Educational Curriculum for Young Victims..... 75,000
San Francisco Culture of Peace Project.................... 458,000
Gangs and Delinquency Research............................ 800,000
Field-Initiated Gang Research Program..................... 500,000
Gangs, Groups, Individuals, and Violence Intervention..... 200,000
Impact Evaluation of Law-Related Education*............... 500,000
Innovative Approaches in Law-Related Education*........... 200,000
Delinquency prevention:
Continuation programs:
Satellite Prep School Program and Early Elementary School
for Privatized Public Housing............................ 720,000
Targeted Outreach with a Gang Prevention and Intervention
Component (Boys and Girls Clubs)......................... 600,000
The Congress of National Black Churches: National Anti-
Drug Abuse Program....................................... 250,000
Cities in Schools--Federal Interagency Partnership........ 200,000
Hate Crimes............................................... 200,000
Community Anti-Drug Abuse Technical Assistance Voucher
Project.................................................. 200,000
Children as Witnesses to Community Violence............... 170,658
Law-Related Education (LRE)*.............................. 2,800,000
Teens, Crime, and Community: Teens in Action in the 90s*.. 1,000,000
``Just Say No'' International*............................ 250,000
Jackie Robinson Center (JRC)*............................. 250,000
Parents Anonymous, Inc.*.................................. 250,000
Lowcountry Children's Center, Inc.*....................... 250,000
Community-based alternatives:
New programs:
At-Risk Youth in Public Housing Communities............... 2,000,000
Comprehensive Community-Based Services for At-Risk Girls
and Adjudicated Juvenile Female Offenders................ 400,000
Bethesda Day Treatment Center............................. 320,000
Community-based alternatives:
Continuation programs:
Serious, Violent, and Chronic Juvenile Offender Treatment
Program.................................................. 1,500,000
OJJDP Technical Assistance Support Contract: Juvenile
Justice Resource Center.................................. 650,000
Native American Alternative Community-Based Program....... 600,000
School Safety Center...................................... 250,000
Juvenile Restitution: Balanced Approach................... 100,000
Professional Development for Youth Workers................ 50,000
Insular Area Support*..................................... 403,000
Permanent Families for Abused and Neglected Children*..... 225,000
Robeson County, North Carolina*........................... 202,645
Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania*.......................... 50,000
Improvement of the juvenile justice system:
New programs
The Juvenile Justice Prosecutor Training Project.......... 200,000
Technical Assistance to Juvenile Corrections and Detention
(The James E. Gould Memorial Program).................... 200,000
Technical Assistance For State Legislatures............... 163,000
Information and Statistics Projects....................... 625,000
Waiver Studies............................................ 275,000
OJJDP Support for PAVNET.................................. 25,000
Innovative Firearms Programs.............................. 250,000
OJJDP Management Evaluation Contract...................... 360,000
Improvement of the juvenile justice system:
Continuation programs:
Law Enforcement Training and Technical Assistance Program. 1,504,924
Juvenile Justice Clearinghouse............................ 1,031,167
Comprehensive Communities Program--Comprehensive Gang
Initiative............................................... 799,345
Comprehensive Gang Initiative............................. 700,000
Intensive Community-Based Aftercare Demonstration and
Technical Assistance Program............................. 620,000
Juvenile Justice Statistics and Systems Development....... 550,000
Development of OJJDP's Comprehensive Strategy for Serious,
Violent, and Chronic Juvenile Offenders.................. 500,000
Training for Juvenile Corrections and Detention Staff..... 500,000
Children in Custody....................................... 450,000
Research Program on Juveniles Taken Into Custody--NCCD.... 450,000
Children at Risk.......................................... 350,000
Interventions to Reduce Disproportionate Minority
Confinement in Secure Detention and Correctional
Facilities (The Deborah M. Wysinger Memorial Program).... 300,000
Violence Study--Causes and Correlates..................... 300,000
Child Centered Community-Oriented Policing................ 300,000
Nonviolent Dispute Resolution............................. 300,000
Contract for the Evaluation of OJJDP Programs............. 290,000
Pulling America's Communities Together (PACT) Program
Development.............................................. 261,000
Due Process Advocacy Program Development.................. 250,000
Improvement in Correctional Education for Juvenile
Offenders................................................ 250,000
Juveniles Taken Into Custody (JTIC): Interagency Agreement 200,000
Enhancing Enforcement Strategies for Juvenile Impaired
Driving Due to Alcohol and Other Drug Use................ 150,000
Training in Cultural Differences for Law Enforcement/
Juvenile Justice Officials............................... 100,000
Evaluation of Intensive Community-Based Aftercare
Demonstration and Technical Assistance Program........... 80,000
Juvenile Justice Data Resources........................... 25,000
Juvenile Court Training*.................................. 1,070,057
Coalition for Juvenile Justice*........................... 700,000
National Juvenile Court Data Archive*..................... 611,000
Violence Studies*......................................... 500,000
Technical Assistance to the Juvenile Courts*.............. 389,943
P.A.C.E., Center for Girls, Inc.*......................... 150,000
Douglas County, Nebraska*................................. 67,055
Umbrella Program
Safe Futures: Partnerships to Reduce Youth Violence and Delinquency
($7,000,000)
Background
OJJDP's goals of preventing delinquency, creating community-based
alternatives, and improving the juvenile justice system are synthesized
in the Safe Futures: Partnerships to Reduce Youth Violence and
Delinquency Program. This umbrella program will focus a variety of
resources on implementation of a comprehensive delinquency prevention
and intervention program in order to enhance public safety and provide
a continuum of care for at-risk and delinquent youth. The program will
fund a range of services designed to meet the multiple needs of young
people in their communities and support capacity-building at the local
level to ensure the long-term sustanibility of youth-supporting
efforts. Programs services would range from prevention through
aftercare for youth returning to their communities from out-of-home
placements.
The Safe Futures Program offers a ``concentration of effort''
approach to cities and rural areas much like the Administration's
Empowerment Zones/Enterprise Communities program. The effort builds a
continuum of care based on the model presented in OJJDP's Comprehensive
Strategy for Serious, Violent, and Chronic Juvenile Offenders. Under
this strategy, communities systemically assess the risk factors present
in the environment that are known to foster delinquent behavior in
children. A community then develops a strategy to reduce identified
risks for delinquency and increase protective factors that promote
healthy and productive behavior. In addition, the community develops a
full range of graduate sanctions, beginning with immediate
interventions, that are designed to hold delinquent juveniles
accountable to the victim and the community, ensure community security,
and provide a continuum of services that responds appropriately to the
needs of each juvenile offender. While many communities have begun this
process on their own, others throughout the country are engaged in the
assessment process as a part of OJJDP's Title V Prevention Program.
Under the Safe Futures Program, units of local government, or
combinations thereof, will have the opportunity to:
Build upon a comprehensive delinquency prevention and
intervention plan developed by a community planning team.
Focus resources and commitment on a geographical area or
areas of substantial need.
Coordinate and develop effective programs to fill in gaps
in delinquency prevention, intervention, and treatment services
according to a community-developed comprehensive plan.
The Grant Program
Through a competitive process, OJJDP would select five units of
local government or combinations thereof (three urban, one rural, one
Native American) that propose to establish a continuum of care for the
jurisdiction's at-risk and delinquency youth and their families. If the
size of makeup of the applicant's local unit(s) does not make
jurisdiction-wide services practical or desirable, assistance resources
may be focused on a localized identified area(s) or neighborhood(s).
The applicant would provide evidence of the following:
A comprehensive delinquency prevention, intervention, and
graduated sanction plan for their jurisdiction developed by a broad
spectrum of community leaders and residents.
The presence of risk factors for delinquency in the
selected area(s) or neighborhood(s), such as high rates of crime,
poverty, teenage pregnancy, child abuse and neglect, dysfunctional or
single parent families, school drop-outs, unemployment, or such other
factors as the grantee identifies in the community.
A needs assessment and a statement of the problem,
describing the issues as they pertain to that community.
A capacity and commitment to leverage state, local, and
private resources and coordinate the necessary systemic changes to both
the juvenile justice and social service delivery systems in order to
create an ongoing, comprehensive, community-based system of care. The
grantee would develop, and submit as part of the application process,
memoranda of understanding from those resources included in the
continuum of care. These memoranda should demonstrate the community's
interest in solving the problems confronting the community.
The applicant must develop a proposal which either demonstrates the
role each of these programs will plan as components in a comprehensive
plan, or shows that these program areas are currently in place in the
selected community(ies). The grant programs listed below are described
in greater detail under each of the goal areas of the fiscal year 1995
Program Plan:
Part C--Special Emphasis Program ($2,750,000), Including:
Family Strengthening, including Services for Non-English
Speaking Families.
Pathways to Success.
Comprehensive Community-Based Services for At-Risk Girls
and Adjudicated Female Juvenile Offenders.
Mental Health Services for At-Risk and Adjudicated Youth,
including treatment services for juvenile sex offenders and victims of
sexual abuse.
Day Treatment Services.
Serious, Violent, and Chronic Juvenile Offender
Accountability and Treatment Program.
Intensive Community-Based Aftercare Program.
Part D--Gang-Free Schools and Communities; Community-Based Gang
Intervention ($2,000,000)
A program to address Youth At Risk of Gang Involvement in
Public and federally Subsidized Housing Communities.
In addition, funds will be set aside for the following activities:
Part G--Mentoring ($1,000,000)
A Juvenile Mentoring Program (JUMP)
Title V--Prevention ($1,000,000)
A Local Delinquency Prevention Plan.
Department of Housing and Urban Development ($250,000)
A program to provide technical assistance and training for
all Safe Futures Program activities related to public and assisted
housing.
The OJJDP strategy suggests that the following prevention, early
intervention, and graduated sanctions and services could be included as
part of the continuum of care. We recognize that a jurisdiction needs a
combination of public and private resources to adequately address the
following issues:
Create Safe Communities
Reduce gun violence through enforcement, community-wide
prevention, and public education including the mass media.
Assist communities to address emerging or existing gangs
and prevent youth involvement in gang activity.
Coordinate prevention and intervention programs with the
implementation of community-oriented policing.
Commit to citywide reengineering and quality public
service.
Support Families and Protect Children
Provide teen pregnancy prevention and prenatal services to
high-risk mothers and fathers.
Strengthen families through parent training, family
support, and family preservation services.
Prevent child abuse.
Develop health services for high-risk youth and their
families, including drug and alcohol counseling and treatment and
mental health screening and treatment where necessary.
Provide services to juvenile victims of and witnesses to
violence.
Ensure Education
Expand readiness-to-learn strategies for children,
including Head Start and other programs.
Create safe havens.
Assist youth with learning problems by providing
specialized educational services and tutoring.
Address truancy and school dropouts through prevention,
intervention, and alternative education.
Encourage the development of positive values and teach
critical social skills including conflict resolution and peer
mediation.
Expand Opportunities
Give children and young people guidance and consistent
discipline and rewards through the use of mentors.
Offer opportunities for healthy recreation and cultural
awareness.
Promote leadership qualities by involving young people in
planning and decision-making activities, particularly concerning
quality of life and public safety problems.
Provide youth vocational training and meaningful job
opportunities.
Effective Juvenile Justice
Respond appropriately to abuse and neglect reports made to
child protective services and juvenile and family courts.
Intervene with youth when delinquent behavior first
occurs.
Establish a broad spectrum of graduated sanctions that
provides for accountability to the victim and community, enhances
community safety, and provides a continuum of services to respond
appropriately to the needs of each juvenile offender.
Offer intensive, carefully monitored aftercare services.
Control the small segment of serious, violent, and chronic
juvenile offenders.
Prospective applicants should obtain a copy of OJJDP's
Comprehensive Strategy for Serious, Violent, and Chronic Juvenile
Offenders and the strategy implementation materials that provide a base
for implementing this initiative. These materials identify promising
programs in each of the strategy areas, suggest effective assessment
tools, and guide implementation at the community level for a continuum
of care model. Copies will be available from OJJDP in March 1995.
Sites funded under this initiative would be expected to address the
needs of at-risk children of all ages, with particular attention to
delinquent youth. Sites will be eligible for program development,
training, and technical assistance from a variety of OJJDP resources to
assist their program implementation efforts, including their efforts to
coordinate and maintain a multidisciplinary community team (including
law enforcement) that will oversee program implementation.
Evaluation
Sites would be expected to demonstrate a strong capacity for data
collection and analysis in order to support a required and stringent
evaluation component addressing both process and outcome measures.
Partnerships will also be encouraged with academic institutions to
enhance evaluation efforts.
Coordination
OJJDP would coordinate this program with:
Other Federal agencies including the Department of Housing
and Urban Development, Education, Labor, Health and Human Services, the
Corporation for National and Community Service, and the Office of
National Drug Control Policy.
The business and foundation sectors.
Sites would be expected to have completed a needs assessment,
including strengths and weaknesses of their service delivery system; a
problem statement; and a vision statement. Applicants would also be
expected to demonstrate how they have linked their activities with
other Federal, State, local, national, and community foundations, and
private-sector programs, particularly ongoing programs such as the
Department of Housing and Urban Development's Empowerment Zones/
Enterprise Communities and Hope Six, the Department of Health and Human
Services' Family Preservation and Support Services, the Department of
Education's Drug Free and Safe Schools, the Department of Labor's Youth
Fair Chance, and the Department of Justice's Operation Weed and Seed,
PACT, Community Oriented Policing Services, Boot Camps, Drug Courts,
Comprehensive Communities, and the U.S. Attorneys' antiviolence
strategies.
Prospective applicants would be asked to submit a pre-application
concept paper. Based on OJJDP's review of these papers, those best
demonstrating an ability to qualify for funding would be invited to
compete for selection as a Safe Futures Program site. In their pre-
application concept paper, jurisdictions would be asked to provide
documentation of existing legislation, executive orders, memoranda of
understanding, and other formal commitments of bona fide partnership
(e.g., collapsed funding streams, wrap-around services, multiservice
centers, and procedures for service coordination). Preference would be
given to jurisdictions that demonstrate the ability to provide matching
assistance from government, corporate or local businesses, civic
organizations and foundations and that demonstrate a concerted effort
to link public safety improvements, economic development initiatives,
and the Safe Futures Program. Communities that demonstrate commitments
from funding sources will receive a point preference under the
evaluation criteria established for the award of funds under this
program.
A prospective applicant developing a Safe Futures program
application would be encouraged to secure outside resources to support
the establishment of a continuum of care, including other government,
business, foundation, and other private funds. This program will be
funded for a 5-year project period. First year funding would be up to
$1.4 million per site.
Evaluation of the Safe Futures: Partnerships to Reduce Youth Violence
and Delinquency Program--$150,000
OJJDP proposes to fund five communities (three urban, one rural,
and one Native American) under the Safe Futures: Partnerships to Reduce
Youth Violence and Delinquency Program. This program would provide a
range of coordinated services to meet the needs of at-risk youth and
families and juveniles in the juvenile justice system. This program
will also serve to strengthen the juvenile justice system; and develop
the ongoing sustainability of service collaboration within the
jurisdiction.
The evaluation of all five sites would be supported by this
program. The evaluation would consist of both process and impact
components. The process evaluation, to begin during the first year,
would include an examination of planning procedures and the extent to
which the sites' implementation is consistent with the principles of a
continuum of care model. The process evaluation would identify the key
factors responsible for successful implementation. It would also be
important for the evaluation to identify substantial obstacles to
successful implementation of a continuum of care model.
The selected evaluator would be responsible for developing a cross-
site monograph that discusses continuum of care implementation for use
by other communities that want to develop a similar system for
juveniles.
The evaluator would develop a research design for the impact
component within the first year. Data collection for the impact
component would begin during the second year of the evaluation. The
impact component would address the effects of the continuum of care
strategy on the clients served. Furthermore, it would address the
efficacy of the structure and operation of the continuum of care
strategy.
OJJDP would award a single cooperative agreement for up to $150,000
for first-year funding of this multiyear evaluation program.
Delinquency Prevention--New Programs
Congress appropriated $20 million in fiscal year 1995, under Title
V of the JJDP Act, for the second year of a new delinquency prevention
program that began in 1994. This program also supports OJJDP's
Comprehensive Strategy by reducing the onset of delinquency among
youths who might otherwise have begun or continued on a pathway to
serious, violent, and chronic delinquency. Community planning teams are
being established at the local level under this program to conduct risk
and resource assessments in order to determine what delinquency
prevention programs are needed for that particular jurisdiction. The
work of these planning teams should be coordinated with other system
planning efforts such as Family Preservation and Support Services, U.S.
Attorney Antiviolence Strategies, and providing Graduated Sanctions for
Juvenile Offenders.
Under Title V, communities submit applications to their State
Formula Grants Program agency for funding of local prevention programs
that community planning teams have determined are needed to prevent
delinquency, based on the community's assessment of its needs and
priorities. Communities must provide a matching contribution and are
encouraged to establish partnerships with the private sector,
especially corporations and foundations.
Title V prevention plans include a number of multidisciplinary
program approaches beginning with prenatal care and including a
continuum of programs from birth to adulthood.
Other delinquency prevention programs are set forth below for which
communities engaging in comprehensive community planning can apply
directly to OJJDP for funding.
Family Strengthening and Support--Including Non-English Speaking--
$1,000,000
Strengthening and supporting families, including non-English
speaking families, is a priority area in the JJDP Act and a key
component of the comprehensive approach to delinquency prevention and
control envisioned in the proposed Safe Futures: Partnerships to Reduce
Youth Violence and Delinquency Program. In support of this priority,
OJJDP proposes to provide funding to each of the five communities
selected to implement a Safe Futures Program. Funds will be used to
initiate or expand needed family-strengthening intervention and
treatment programs, including programs for English and non-English-
speaking families, that involve juveniles who are parents and are in
the juvenile justice system, and that enlist schools and other local
entities in family programming.
A major family-strengthening research project funded by the OJJDP
was recently completed. The grantees, the University of Utah and
Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, produced a user's guide,
Strengthening America's Families: Promising Parenting and Family
Strategies for Delinquency Prevention, and an executive summary that
reviews both the current impact of family characteristics on risk for
delinquency and the most promising family change interventions. Given
the multiple variations of intervention strategies, the project
recommends the organization of family-strengthening programs and
services according to the family's level of functioning and the child's
age. The researchers identified a representative group of 25 programs
as particularly promising.
Under this program area, OJJDP would support implementation of new
or expanded family-strengthening efforts designed to improve parental
functioning as part of an overall plan to prevent delinquency or
intervene with youth who are in the juvenile justice system.
Communities that compete and are selected under the Safe Futures
Program will be eligible to receive funding under this program. The
family-strengthening component of this initiative would be funded in
the five selected communities at up to $200,000 per site.
Training and Technical Assistance for Family-Strengthening Services--
$250,000
Prevention, early intervention, and effective crisis intervention
are critical elements in a community's family support system. In many
communities, support services are geared toward intervention following
a traumatic event, or toward the point when a child comes into contact
with the justice system as a result of repeated behavioral problems.
Over the years, OJJDP's program support and technical assistance has
focused primarily on youth in the juvenile justice system. Technical
assistance and training have not generally been available to community
organizations and agencies focused upon prevention services or early
intervention initiatives. Currently, training is being provided to
communities interested in implementing risk-focused prevention.
Following this training, communities will be better able to apply for
and use Title V funds to support prevention programs.
Title V funds, along with funds available through the State
Challenge Activities Grant Program, will provide resources through
State agency recipients of formula grant funds for jurisdictions and
communities wanting to strengthen family support services, develop
services where gaps exist, or augment and retool existing services to
respond to new populations. In fiscal year 1995, OJJDP proposes to
support a program to provide technical assistance and training to
public and private nonprofit agencies and organizations interested in
structuring or enhancing family strengthening program models in
communities where such services are designed as part of community-wide
efforts to prevent delinquency and reduce violence. Such assistance
would be offered for a selected number of family support models that
have been demonstrated to be effective in diverse communities. OJJDP
will award a competitive grant to an organization experienced in this
area of expertise to provide these services.
Training In Risk-Focused Prevention Strategies--$500,000
OJJDP will provide additional training in fiscal year 1995 for
communities interested in developing a risk-focused delinquency
prevention strategy. This training is designed to support OJJDP's Title
V Delinquency Prevention Program and similar federally funded programs
by providing the knowledge and skills necessary for local, State, and
private agency officials and citizens to identify and address risk
factors that are known to lead to violent and delinquent behavior in
children and youth. In fiscal year 1994 this training was offered in
all 50 States and the District of Columbia, and to State and local
officials engaged in planning associated with Department of Health and
Human Services prevention programs.
OJJDP will award a contract to provide the training, including the
following: (1) Orientation training on risk and resiliency focused
prevention theories and strategies for State, local and private
community leaders, (2) identifying, assessing, and addressing risk
factors, (3) training for trainers in selected States to provide
statewide capacity to train communities on risk-focused prevention, and
(4) development of training curricula, materials, and media to increase
the capacity of States and localities to conduct risk-focused
prevention training. This training would be provided through a
competitive contract award.
Truancy--$400,000
Truancy has been rated as one of the top 10 problems facing
schools, with the daily absentee rate being as high as 30 percent in
some cities. As a number of studies have documented, high rates of
truancy are linked to high daytime burglary rates, auto theft rates,
and vandalism. In addition to the impact upon the community and the
school system, truancy has an even more important impact on students'
learning gains, interpersonal relationships, and, ultimately,
completion of school and employment.
In fiscal year 1995, OJJDP expects to collaborate with the Bureau
of Justice Assistance (BJA) and the Department of Education to support
a technical assistance program focused on combating the problem of
truancy in the Nation's public schools. BJA will contribute $200,000 to
this program. The parameters of this program will be defined in joint
planning with the Department of Education and outlined in the final
plan.
Youth-Centered Conflict Resolution--$200,000
Violence in and around school campuses, conflict among students
within schools, and conflicts between schools related to intramural
activities have become increasingly problematic for school
administrators, teachers, parents, and community leaders. While experts
may debate the merits and impact of the varied contributing factors,
most would agree that public school curricula, for the most part, do
not provide for the systematic development of problem- and conflict-
resolving skills. Inclusion of problem-solving skills in school
curricula and community activities can be expected to provide a
continuum in problem-solving skills and approaches that will enhance
school discipline and lead to improved functioning in a democratic
society.
OJJDP proposes to award a grant to a qualified organization to
develop, in concert with other established organizations currently
providing conflict resolution services, a national strategy for broad-
based education, training, and utilization of conflict resolution
skills. In support of this task, the grantee would conduct four
regional technical assistance workshops on the use of the joint
publication being developed by the Department of Justice and the
Department of Education, Conflict Resolution Programs in Schools: A
guide to Program Selection and Implementation. A complementary task may
include the compilation of a compendium of model programs for this
publication.
Pathways to Success--$450,000
This project will support a collaborative effort among OJJDP, the
Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA), and the National Endowment for the
Arts. The project will promote business entrepreneurial, education,
recreation, job skills, and arts programs for after-school and weekend
hours. This program would make available to at-risk youth a variety of
opportunities outside the regular school curriculum.
This program would be jointly funded with the BJA ($200,000) and
the National Endowment for the Arts ($50,000). It would fund up to five
applications at $40,000 each under the Safe Futures Program and up to
five additional competitive sites at up to $50,000 each for the fist
year of a two year project period. Applicants interested in applying
for this program would need to demonstrate that collaboration has taken
place with existing education, business, arts, and community groups and
youth-serving agencies in the development of its program, including,
where appropriate, collaboration with existing after-school and weekend
youth programs. The Pathways to Success program would serve at-risk
youth from age 6 to 18, but a project would not need to cover the full
age range.
Mental Health in the Juvenile Justice System--$500,000
This program would implement a two-pronged strategy to address the
mental health and juvenile justice systems' lack of coordinated and
adequate mental health treatment for at-risk and delinquent youth. The
program would target juveniles with mental health problems and
impairments (including learning disabilities), those who are at risk of
becoming status or delinquent offenders, and alleged and adjudicated
status offenders and delinquents with undiagnosed or untreated mental
health problems, including those in residential care or juvenile
detention and correctional facilities.
The first phase, funded under the fiscal year 1994 plan, provides a
two day conference for approximately 200 attendees to address the
topics of at-risk juveniles and juveniles with mental health problems
or learning disabilities in the juvenile justice system.
The second phase, to be considered for funding in fiscal year 1995,
would provide funds to the five jurisdictions participating in the Safe
Futures Program. Their planning process would be expected to provide
comprehensive, coordinated, and collaborative approaches among juvenile
justice, youth service, and mental health agencies to improve mental
health services for juveniles in these five communities. A particular
focus of the fiscal year 1995 funding would be to target victims of
child abuse and juvenile sex offenders.
Youth Handgun Study/Model Juvenile Handgun Legislation--$175,500
Reducing and preventing gun violence is a primary concern of
Federal, State, and local governments. This violence affects youth not
only as perpetrators but also as victims and witnesses. There is a need
to know about the various laws that States have passed concerning youth
and handguns.
This project will collect, analyze, and compare selected provisions
of State firearms codes, particularly as they pertain to juveniles. The
purpose is to develop a body of information about key provisions of
State firearms codes. The results of this study will assist in
formulating laws, policies, and programs to reduce firearms-related
violence. The product to be developed is a guide to selected State
firearm provisions. This study, and the development of a model juvenile
handgun law, are mandated by the Violent Crime Control and Law
Enforcement Act of 1994. In order to immediately begin collecting study
data to assist in developing the model law, $52,500 was transferred to
the Bureau of Justice Assistance for an award to the National Criminal
Justice Association for the purpose of collecting, examining, and
analyzing existing and proposed State firearms codes. The Crime Act
requires the Attorney General, through the Administrator and the
National Institute for Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, to
develop a Constitutional and enforceable model juvenile handgun law.
This model law will guide the States in their development of laws
concerning juvenile handgun possession. The model law will be stated in
a format designed to enable States to determine which provisions are
best suited to their individual needs. This effort will be assisted by
the National Criminal Justice Association under a grant in the amount
of $123,000. No additional applications will be solicited in fiscal
year 1995.
Multipurpose Educational Curriculum for Young Victims--$75,000.
Funds for this program will be transferred to the Office for
Victims of Crime. The project will develop curriculum and training
materials for use by school personnel, youth groups, and victim
services providers to teach adolescents about the impact of crime on
victims, about available victim assistance resources, and about
strategies for providing effective peer support for young victims of
crime. The program is expected to enhance victim service provider
outreach activities targeting youth at risk and promote violence
prevention.
San Francisco Culture of Peace Project--$458,000
This program, which expands a 1994 AmeriCorps Summer of Safety
Program, would place 50 participants in community service activities
through the following four existing violence-prevention community
collaborations targeting Latino, African-American, and Asian youth at
high-risk of gang involvement: (1) Violence Prevention Initiative--
located in the Mission District, the neighborhood with the highest
incidence of youth violence in the city; (2) Prevention and Leadership
Alternatives for Youth--located in three contiguous neighborhoods:
Bayview-Hunters Point, Visitation Valley, and OMI; (3) North of Market
Planning Coalition--focuses on alcohol-related violence in the
Tenderloin District; and (4) Urban Service Schools Project--focuses on
violence-prevention curricula in elementary schools.
Gangs and Delinquency Research--$800,000
In fiscal year 1994, OJJDP channeled its gang-related activities
into the Comprehensive Gang Program, made possible by an increased Part
D appropriation. The National Gang Assessment and Resource Center,
funded under the fiscal year 1994 Program Plan, will provide a national
baseline study of the presence and characteristics of violent gangs.
This year, OJJDP proposes to supplement this baseline study with two
studies designed to develop detailed information on various aspects of
gangs in gang-plagued cities identified in the basline studies. The
main purpose of these supplemental studies is to examine gang behavior
as a subset of overall delinquency. Specific issues to be examined
include assessing the relationship of gang participation to other forms
of delinquency and violence associated with gang membership and
determining the proportion of violent youth crime accounted for by
youth gangs. Proposals are encouraged that incorporate gang studies
into ongoing studies of large samples of juveniles.
OJJDP will provide a maximum of two awards in amounts of up to
$400,000 each under this program.
Field-Initiated Gang Research Program--$500,000
OJJDP's Field-Initiated Research Program offers support for
research ideas generated in the field rather than by OJJDP. Fiscal year
1995 Field-Initiated Research Program funding would be directed to the
support of research on gangs, reflecting the growth in violence among
youth gangs. Priority research topics include evaluation of prevention
and intervention approaches aimed at diverting at-risk youth from
becoming gang members, factors related to joining and leaving gangs,
ethnographic studies on the dynamics of gang creation or joining, or
other topics identified by applicants.
OJJDP would provide up to five awards for up to $100,000 each under
this program.
Gangs, Groups, Individuals, and Violence Intervention--$200,000
Little is known about the interrelationships among gang
participation, group delinquency, and individual violence. The dynamics
of a juvenile's movement in and out of these relationships is not well
understood. How these patterns of delinquency contribute to the careers
of serious and violent offenders is unknown. Nor do we have a clear
understanding of the prevention and intervention program implications
of these patterns of delinquency.
This project will involve a systematic review, assessment, and
synthesis of existing research results on gangs, other types of group
involvement, and individual serious and violent delinquency to
determine the implications for prevention and juvenile/criminal justice
system interventions. The framework to be used in conducting this
review of existing knowledge is a criminal career model, including
onset, acceleration, maintenance, and desistance elements.
Implications for OJJDP's Comprehensive Strategy for Serious,
Violent, and Chronic Juvenile Offenders project will be drawn.
Recommendations will be made for prevention programs and interventions
in the juvenile and criminal justice systems that take into account
meta-analyses of prevention and intervention programs. One cooperative
agreement will be competitively awarded to implement this project in
fiscal year 1995.
Impact Evaluation of Law-Related Education*--$500,000
OJJDP proposes to join with the U.S. Department of Education (DOE)
in conducting a multiyear impact evaluation of law-related education.
The evaluation would serve a variety of purposes, including: (1)
providing descriptive information about the process of designing,
implementing, and maintaining projects; (2) determining outcome and
effects of the program, such as changes in attitudes or behavior of
participants; and (3) developing information on the best practices and
performance indicators to allow for ongoing assessment by program
practitioners. The contractor selected for this effort would be
competitively selected by OJJDP and DOE.
Innovative Approaches in Law-Related Education*--$200,000
The purpose of this competitive program is to support and advance
the practices of law-related education (LRE) for the prevention of
delinquency within and outside the classroom. Funds will be available
to support two projects, at up to $100,000 each, that promote
innovative methods, techniques, approaches, or delivery related to LRE.
The promising approaches or ideas submitted will be judged on their
applicability to delinquency prevention, on whether the proposed
approach differs from previously funded efforts of OJJDP, and on the
extent to which they provide an innovative approach consistent with
accepted LRE program principles.
Delinquency Prevention--Continuing Programs
Satellite Prep School Program and Early Elementary School for
Privatized Public Housing--$720,000
This is a continuation of a demonstration program under which OJJDP
supports the establishment of an early elementary school program on the
premises of the Ida B. Wells Public Housing Development in Chicago,
Illinois. The program is a collaborative effort among OJJDP, the
Chicago Housing Authority, and the Westside Preparatory School and
Training Institute to establish a prep school for children in
kindergarten through 4th-grade who live in the development.
On September 14, 1994, the Wells prep school opened with
kindergarten and 1st-grade students. In September 1993, a 2nd grade was
added and in September 1994 a 3rd grade was added. The prep school
operates as an early intervention educational model based on the Marva
Collins Westside Preparatory School educational philosophy, curriculum,
and teaching techniques. The Westside Preparatory School, a private
institution located in Chicago's inner-city Weed and Seed neighborhood,
has had dramatic success in raising the academic achievement level of
low-income minority children. Fiscal year 1995 funds will be used to
continue the operation and management of the Wells prep school and to
add a 4th grade. Awards will be made to existing grantees. No
additional applications will be solicited in fiscal year 1995.
Targeted Outreach With a Gang Prevention and Intervention Component
(Boys and Girls Clubs)--$600,000
This program is designed to enable local Boys and Girls Clubs to
prevent youth from entering gangs and to intervene with gang members in
the early stages of gang involvement to divert them from gang
activities and into more constructive programs. The National Office of
Boys and Girls Clubs would provide training and technical assistance to
existing sites and expand to additional gang prevention and
intervention sites. The program would be implemented by the current
grantee. No additional applications would be solicited in fiscal year
1995.
The Congress of National Black Churches: National Anti-Drug Abuse
Program--$250,000
OJJDP proposes the continuation of The Congress of National Black
Churches' (CNBC) national public awareness and mobilization strategy to
address the problem of drug abuse and enhance drug abuse prevention
efforts in targeted communities. The goals of the national mobilization
strategy are to summon, focus, and coordinate the leadership of the
black religious community, in cooperation with the Department of
Justice and other Federal agencies and organizations, to help mobilize
groups of community residents to combat drug abuse and drug-related
crime activities among adults and juveniles. CNBC operates this program
in 31 cities.
The program will be expanded to address family violence
intervention issues and target up to six additional cities for a total
of 37 cities. No additional applications will be solicited in fiscal
year 1995.
Cities in Schools--Federal Interagency Partnership--$200,000
This program is a continuation of a national school dropout
prevention model developed and implemented by Cities in Schools, Inc.
(CIS). CIS provides training and technical assistance to States and
local communities, enabling them to adapt and implement the CIS model.
The model brings social, employment, mental health, drug prevention,
entrepreneurship, and other resources to high-risk youth and their
families at the school level. Where CIS State organizations are
established, they will assume primary responsibility for local program
replication during the Federal interagency partnership.
This program is jointly funded by OJJDP and the Departments of the
Army, Health and Human Services, and Commerce under an OJJDP grant. The
project will be implemented by the current grantee. No additional
applications will be solicited in fiscal year 1995.
Hate Crimes--$200,000
The Education Development Center, Inc., (EDC) is developing a
multipurpose curriculum for hate crime prevention in the schools and
sanctions for juveniles who commit hate crimes. This curriculum is
being pilot tested in the 8th grade of the Collins Middle School in
Salem, Massachusetts. Once the pilot is evaluated and the curriculum
redesigned, EDC will test the revised curriculum in two additional
sites to ensure that it is geographically and demographically
representative.
In consultation with the Office of Victims of Crime, EDC will
develop a dissemination strategy for the curriculum and other products,
including a judges' guide for dealing with bias crimes.
No additional applications will be solicited in fiscal year 1995.
Community Anti-Drug-Abuse Technical Assistance Voucher Project--
$200,000
In July 1991, OJJDP entered into a cooperative agreement with the
National Center for Neighborhood Enterprise (NCNE) to extend its
outreach to community-based grassroots organizations around the country
that are working effectively to solve the problems of youth drug abuse.
The goals and objectives of this program are as follows:
A. Goals
1. To allow various neighborhood groups to inexpensively purchase
needed services through the use of technical assistance vouchers
disbursed by NCNE.
2. To demonstrate the cost-effective use of vouchers to help
neighborhood groups secure technical assistance for anti-drug-abuse
projects to serve high-risk youth.
3. To extend OJJDP technical assistance to groups that are
traditionally excluded because they lack the administrative
sophistication, technical and grantsmanship skills, and resources to
participate in traditional competitive grant programs.
B. Objectives
1. To provide support to community groups in developing and
implementing a strategy under the ``Weed and Seed'' program.
2. To function as a clearinghouse for information on community
anti-drug-prevention initiatives.
3. To review all technical assistance applications and select 15-25
eligible community-based anti-drug programs for award of vouchers.
This continuation award is designed to provide more than $90,000 in
additional vouchers to an additional 25-30 organizations and to provide
clearinghouse services to an additional 300 community groups.
Vouchers, which range in value from $1,000 to $10,000, can be used
for planning, proposal writing, program promotion, legal assistance,
financial management, and other activities. Selection of awardees and
amounts is determined by the degree to which applicants meet the
following criteria:
Not previously funded by OJJDP or NCNE.
Lack of access to traditional funding sources.
Need for technical assistance and training.
Small budget.
Comprehensiveness of youth anti-drug programs.
Clarity and feasibility of strategies presented on
application.
No additional applications would be solicited in fiscal year 1995.
Children as Witnesses to Community Violence--$170,658
This project develops, implements, and evaluates after-school
interventions to protect elementary-school-age children from the
aftereffects of exposure to violence. The intervention program is
expected to prevent or reduce the occurrence of certain negative
psychological symptoms among children exposed to community violence. It
should also help children develop coping skills that can reduce the
likelihood of their future involvement in violence. The program is
operated by Howard University and managed by the National Institute of
Justice (NIJ). OJJDP funds will be transferred to NIJ to complete this
program in fiscal year 1995.
Law-Related Education (LRE)*--$2,800,000
The Law-Related Education National Training and Dissemination
Program includes five national LRE projects and programs operating in
48 States and four non-State jurisdictions.
The program's purpose is to provide training and materials to State
and local school jurisdictions to encourage and guide them in
establishing LRE delinquency prevention programs in K-12 curricula and
in juvenile justice settings. Grantees will also be encouraged to
develop violence prevention programs in primary, middle, and secondary
schools and to foster LRE program expansion in urban minority
communities. The major components of the program are coordination and
management, training and technical assistance, preliminary assistance
to future sites, public information, program development, and
assessment.
This program will be implemented by the current grantees, the
American Bar Association, the Center for Civic Education, the
Constitutional Rights Foundation, the National Institute for Citizen
Education in the Law, and the Phi Alpha Delta Legal Fraternity. No
additional applications will be solicited in fiscal year 1995.
Teens, Crime, and Community: Teens in Action in the 90s*--$1,000,000
This continuation program is conducted by the National Crime
Prevention Council (NCPC) and the National Institute for Citizen
Education in the Law (NICEL). Teens in Action in the 90s is a special
application of the Teens, Crime, and Community program, which operates
on two premises: (1) teens are disproportionately victims of crimes and
(2) teens can contribute to improving their schools and communities
through a broad array of activities.
Under the fiscal year 1995 award, NCPC and NICEL will work through
the National Teens, Crime, and Community Program Center to harness the
energies of young people toward constructive activities designed to
reduce crime and violence. The Program Center will be enlarged to serve
as a formal clearinghouse for information and materials dissemination
and to provide technical assistance and training. With the fiscal year
1995 funds, NCPC will significantly expand the number of communities
participating in this program.
This program will be implemented by the current grantee. No
additional applications will be solicited in fiscal year 1995.
``Just Say No'' International*--$250,000
This grant will assist ``Just Say No'' International to expand its
Youth Power program to public housing projects in Oakland, California,
and Baltimore, Maryland. In fiscal year 1994, an award of $250,000 was
made to Just Say No to expand the program to Oakland, California. In
fiscal year 1995, Just Say No will expand into Baltimore, Maryland.
Jackie Robinson Center (JRC)*--$250,000
JRC is a comprehensive program that provides cultural education,
sports, and counseling services for at-risk youth. In fiscal year 1994,
an award of $250,000 was used to expand the program to new sites.
Fiscal year 1995 funding will support continued expansion to additional
sites.
Parents Anonymous, Inc.*--$250,000
Parents Anonymous, Inc., (PA) will continue the program started in
fiscal year 1994 and expand services in communities that have existing
PA chapters to families and youth at highest risk of delinquency. The
main focus of this program is to prevent child abuse and neglect
through the creation of parent support groups.
Lowcountry Children's Center, Inc.*--$250,000
Lowcountry Children's Center, Inc., (the Center) is a community-
based program that offers services to children who are victims of
violence. The Center is a nonprofit organization located in Charleston,
South Carolina. Its mission is to coordinate full range of services for
abused and victimized children and their families. A major goal of the
program is to restore child victims and their families to a healthy
level of functioning. Client services currently offered by the Center
include: Initial assessment, psychological testing, and individual,
group, and family therapy. Other services include: Lay and expert
testimony in court hearings, investigative/law enforcement services,
on-going multidisciplinary case coordination and case tracking,
professional training, and case and program consultation. The funding
requested from OJJDP will allow the Center to complete the array of
services necessary to create a model comprehensive program of
intervention for these children and their families. The Center will
also focus on program evaluation and research to determine effective
interventions in particular types of case--enabling the model created
by this funding to be fully evaluated and, if successful, replicated.
No additional applications will be solicited in fiscal year 1995.
Community-Based Alternatives--New Programs
Communities attempting to refocus their juvenile justice resources
on serious, violent, and chronic offenders will be assisted in
developing comprehensive programs for juvenile offenders that combine
accountability with treatment and rehabilitation services. These sites
will be planning and implementing as many elements of OJJDP's
Comprehensive Strategy as resources permit. If successful, they will
serve as models for other jurisdictions.
Communities will also receive assistance in developing a continuum
of community-based care for offenders who do not present a threat to
public safety. For example, a program is proposed that would provide
alternatives for females in the juvenile justice system.
At-Risk Youth in Public Housing Communities--$2,000,000
This program is designed to help communities build coalitions to
reduce gangs and violence in public housing developments in partnership
with public and federally subsidized housing residents. Fiscal year
1995 funding will establish the program in public and federally
subsidized housing developments in the five Safe Futures Program sites.
Under this program, community-based groups that can demonstrate a
successful record of providing services to public housing youth and
residents would be eligible to receive funds to develop a community
coalition to address the needs of youth at risk for gang involvement.
Program components would include: (1) Prevention and intervention
activities directed at elementary school through high school gang
violence and (2) onsite technical assistance to community-based groups,
including members of the local public housing resident association as
well as residents who are parents of youth to be served.
Each applicant would conduct a community assessment of current
conditions and programs directed at youth and at preventing violence
and establish a planning committee composed of residents and
representatives from those sectors of the community which the residents
believe can help reduce youth violence. If funded, the committee will
plan, develop, and initiate its local program. At the end of the
initial period, committees that have successfully organized an active
community coalition, identified needed resources, and implemented one
or more projects with youth of the community would be considered for
continuation funding by OJJDP. It is anticipated that through an
interagency agreement between OJJDP and the Department of Housing and
Urban Development, funds and support will be provided for the technical
assistance and training component of this program.
Comprehensive Community-Based Services for At-Risk Girls and
Adjudicated Juvenile Female Offenders--$400,000
This program would focus on providing comprehensive, gender-
specific prevention, intervention, treatment, and alternative services
that include an intensive aftercare component for juvenile female
offenders and girls who are at high-risk of entering the juvenile
justice system. The program would be part of the Safe Futures Program.
Applicants must assess existing community services for at-risk and
adjudicated female juvenile offenders and document the need for a new
or improved comprehensive prevention, intervention, treatment, or
alternative service project in their target area. An aftercare
component would be required to assist juvenile female offenders who are
returning to the community from an out-of-home placement.
While intervention services should be provided in the least
restrictive environment, the increase in arrests of female juvenile
offenders indicates that community-based intervention is not always
possible. In order to offer needed prevention and intervention services
to as many juveniles as possible, this program would focus on girls in
nonresidential and nonsecure residential programs such as day treatment
and group homes. Up to $80,000 would be available to each of the five
Safe Futures grantees to coordinate service providers in the community,
assess existing services, identify local resources to supplement funded
services, and provide training for project staff.
Bethesda Day Treatment Center--$320,000
Pennsylvania's Bethesda Day Treatment Center is a private,
nonprofit agency established to provide intensive day treatment and a
variety of other services that promote the social adjustment of
juvenile offenders in the community.
For four years, OJJDP has provided funds to the Center to develop
and document intensive, outpatient, community-based treatment and care
centers for juveniles at risk of delinquency and those who have been
referred to court and are in the preadjudication or postadjudication
stages of the juvenile justice system. Center services were initially
designed to help youth in rural areas or small towns who committed
offenses related to family supervision and control. More recently, the
program has demonstrated its effectiveness in larger cities, including
Kalamazoo, Michigan and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, with juveniles who
commit serious delinquent acts.
Bethesda Day Treatment Center's services include intensive
supervision, counseling, and coordination of a range of services
necessary to develop skills that enable youth to function appropriately
in the community. Services are client, group, and family focused.
Client-focused services include intake, casework, service and treatment
planning, individual counseling, intensive supervision, and study
skills. Group focused services include group counseling; life and jobs
skill training, cultural enrichment, and physical education. Family
focused activities include family counseling, home visits, parent
counseling, and family intervention services.
Day treatment services are cost effective, about 50 percent less
than secure placement, and pose a minimal risk to community safety.
Also, this approach can be implemented quickly. With management systems
and funding in place, it takes only 6 to 9 months from startup to full
implementation of a program.
The Bethesda Day Treatment Center will offer to replicate the day
treatment model in the five Safe Futures Program sites. Successful
applicants will be eligible to submit applications to the Bethesda Day
Treatment Center for up to $30,000, with a $30,000 local contribution,
to receive training and technical assistance. Other local jurisdictions
will also be eligible to receive services from the grantee under the
same terms. No additional applications will be solicited in fiscal year
1995.
Community-Based Alternatives--Continuation Programs
Serious, Violent, and Chronic Juvenile Offender Treatment Program--
$1,500,000
In fiscal year 1993, under a competitive announcement, OJJDP
awarded funds to enable two jurisdictions (Allegheny County,
Pennsylvania and Washington, D.C.) to develop a plan for systematic
graduated sanctions for juvenile offenders. The plan combines
accountability and sanctions with increasingly intensive community-
based intervention, treatment, and rehabilitation services as the
seriousness of a juvenile's offenses increases or a particular offense
warrants. The plan's basic elements are to (1) assess the existing
continuum of secure and nonsecure intervention, treatment, and
rehabilitation services in each jurisdiction, (2) define the juvenile
offender population, (3) develop and implement a program strategy, (4)
develop and implement an evaluation, (5) integrate private nonprofit,
community-based organizations into juvenile offender services, (6)
incorporate an aftercare program as a formal component of all
residential placements, (7) develop a resource plan to enlist the
financial and technical support of other Federal, State, and local
agencies, private foundations, or other funding sources, and (8)
develop a victim assistance component using local organizations.
In fiscal year 1994, these jurisdictions each qualified for
$500,000 implementation grants. Two additional jurisdictions are being
selected under a fiscal year 1994 competitive program, for combined
planning and implementation awards of $500,000 each.
In fiscal year 1995, each of the original jurdisctions will receive
continuation awards of $500,000 for second year implementation. Also in
fiscal year 1995, up to $100,000 will be available to each of the five
Safe Futures program sites to develop action plans for graduated
sanctions systems in the target areas. BJA will transfer $1,500,000 to
OJJDP to implement this program in fiscal year 1995. No additional
applications will be solicited in fiscal year 1995.
OJJDP Technical Assistance Support Contract: Juvenile Resource Center--
$650,000
This contract provides technical assistance and support to OJJDP,
OJJDP grantees, and the Coordinating Council on Juvenile Justice and
Delinquency Prevention in the areas of program development, evaluation,
training, and research. Support of this program will be supplemented in
fiscal year 1995.
Native American Alternative Community-Based Program--$600,000
This program is designed as a collaborative effort between OJJDP
and other public and private organizations concerned about juvenile
delinquency among Native Americans. Its purpose is to develop
community-based alternative programs for Native American youth who are
adjudicated delinquent and to develop a re-entry program for Native
American delinquents returning from institutional placements. A
multicomponent design has been developed in the four project sites.
Fiscal year 1995 funding will support continued implementation of these
projects. Training and technical assistance will also be provided to
integrate the critical elements of OJJDP's intensive supervision and
community-based aftercare programs with cultural elements traditionally
used by Native Americans to control and rehabilitate offending youths.
The Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians, the Navajo Nation, the Gila
River Indian Community, and the Pueblo of Jemez are the project sites
initially funded in fiscal year 1992. The National Indian Justice
Center provides the sites with training and technical assistance. No
additional applications will be solicited in fiscal year 1995.
National School Safety Center--$250,000
The purposes of this collaborative program between OJJDP and the
Department of Education are: (1) To provide training and technical
assistance regarding school safety for elementary and secondary schools
and, (2) to identify methods for diminishing crime, violence, and
illegal drug use in schools and on campuses, with special emphasis on
gang-related crime. The National School Safety Center maintains a
library and clearinghouse with specialized information, does research
on school safety issues, and develops publications and training
programs. The program focuses on preventing drug abuse and violence in
schools and providing State personnel trained in school safety to give
technical assistance to localities.
The Department of Education contributed $1 million to the program
in fiscal year 1994. The program will be implemented by the current
grantee, the National School Safety Center at Pepperdine University. No
additional applications will be solicited in fiscal year 1995.
Juvenile Restitution: Balanced Approach--$100,000
OJJDP proposes to continue to support the juvenile restitution
training and technical assistance program in fiscal year 1995. The
project design is based on practitioner recommendations for current
needs in the field. OJJDP initiated a survey on how best to integrate
and institutionalize restitution as a key component of juvenile justice
dispositions. In addition to the survey, a working group was convened
to help map out the course of OJJDP's support for optimum development
of the components of restitution. These components include community
service, victim reparation, victim-offender mediation, offender
employment and supervision, employment development, and potential
program elements designed to establish restitution as an important
alternative in improving the juvenile justice system. This project is
guided by the need to provide a balance of community protection and
offender competency development and accountability in the provision of
community-based sanctions.
The Division of Applied Research of Florida Atlantic University was
competitively selected in fiscal year 1992 to implement this project.
The grant would be extended in fiscal year 1995 to support States that
have enacted balanced approach legislation. No additional applications
would be solicited in fiscal year 1995.
Professional Development for Youth Workers--$50,000
The primary purpose of this program is to promote professional
development of youth service and juvenile justice system providers
through formal training. The program will include an inventory of
existing training programs and their effectiveness, a needs assessment
training survey, development of curricula for several program settings,
design of a dissemination strategy, and an implementation plan for the
third year of a three-year program.
Initially funded in fiscal year 1992, the Academy for Educational
Development, Inc., will continue the project for six months to train
trainers in the new curricula. No additional applications will be
solicited in fiscal year 1995.
Insular Area Support*--$403,000
The purpose of this program is to provide supplemental financial
support to the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, the Trust
Territory of the Pacific Islands (Palau), and the Commonwealth of the
Northern Mariana Islands. Funds are available to address the special
needs and problems of juvenile delinquency in these insular areas, as
specified by Section 261(e) of the JJDP Act, 42 U.S.C. 5665(e).
Permanent Families for Abused and Neglected Children*--$225,000
This is a national project to prevent unnecessary foster care
placement of abused and neglected children, to reunify the families of
children in care, and to ensure permanent adoptive homes when
reunification is impossible. The purpose is to ensure that foster care
is used only as a last resort and as a temporary solution. Accordingly,
the project is designed to ensure that government's responsibility to
children in foster care is acknowledged by the appropriate disciplines.
Project activities include national training programs for judges,
social service personnel, citizen volunteers, and others under the
Reasonable Efforts Provision of 42 U.S.C. 671(a)(15), training in
selected lead States; and development of a model guide for risk
assessment. The program will be implemented by the current grantee, the
National Council of Family and Juvenile Court Judges. No additional
applications will be solicited in fiscal year 1995.
Robeson County, North Carolina*--$202,645
This grant is to the State of North Carolina to continue
implementing a pilot program for African-American males, ages 12 to 15,
who, in lieu of confinement, will be supervised in the community and
assigned to a weekend academy where they will receive intensive
services including counseling, tutoring, conflict resolution, and job
training. In the first year, 100 juveniles were expected to be served.
Second-year funds will be used to continue and expand the program.
Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania*--$50,000
With fiscal year 1995 funds, the District Attorney's Office in
Lackawanna County created a Comprehensive Juvenile Crime Unit to
investigate, prosecute, and prevent juvenile crime and to coordinate
with other county agencies that are helping youth avoid delinquent
behavior and become productive citizens. The primary activity will be
to establish a Juvenile Justice Task Force to work with the Juvenile
Probation Office to assess the needs and services of Lackawanna County.
The Task Force will also review the last five years of the Juvenile
Probation Office files to determine demographics, numbers of juvenile
crimes committed, recidivism, and school district disciplinary and
rehabilitation programs. Fiscal year 1995 funds will complete
implementation of this program.
Improvement of the Juvenile Justice System--New Programs
The new programs funded under this objective support OJJDP's
Comprehensive Strategy for Serious, Violent, and Chronic Juvenile
Offenders. In addition, program development will be provided to the
PACT (Pulling America's Communities Together) program sites. The four
violence studies will provide valuable information on community
violence patterns, focusing on homicides, and will identify strategic
law enforcement responses. Child-centered community policing will be
furthered in New Haven, Connecticut, and the city's exemplary program
will serve as a host site for training other jurisdictions. In another
effort, promising program models for prevention, intervention, and
treatment of female juvenile offenders will be identified, documented,
and made available to jurisdictions across the country. Other projects
will focus on detention and corrections to help the juvenile justice
system refocus resources on confined offenders and improve conditions
of confinement.
Finally, a major program under this objective will focus on
community interventions with violent youth gangs. Additional Part D
funds will expand the OJJDP Integrated Gang Program in the areas of
evaluation, research, training, technical assistance, and information
dissemination. Cities experiencing gang problems will benefit directly
from expanded information and technical assistance to address gang
violence.
The Juvenile Justice Prosecutor Training Project--$200,000
For several years, OJJDP has supported a prosecutor training
project developed by the National District Attorneys Association
(NDAA). This project implements workshops on juvenile justice related
executive policy, leadership, and management for chief prosecutors and
juvenile unit chiefs, and provides background information to
prosecutors on juvenile justice issues and programs.
OJJDP proposes to fund a project for the above purposes, to be
implemented by the American Prosecutors Research Institute (APRI),
based on planning and input by prosecutors familiar with juvenile
justice needs. APRI is the research and technical assistance affiliate
of NDAA. The project will utilize a working group of chief prosecutors
and juvenile unit chiefs to support the project's staff in providing
training, technical assistance, and juvenile justice related research
and program information to practitioners nationwide. The expectation is
that within the next three years, a self-supported Juvenile Justice
Prosecutor Center will be established through links with State
prosecutor training programs.
The award for the Juvenile Justice Prosecutor Training Project will
be made to APRI. No additional applicants will be considered in fiscal
year 1995.
Technical Assistance to Juvenile Corrections and Detention (The James
F. Gould Memorial Program)--$200,000
The purpose of the proposed program is to continue OJJDP's
capability to provide technical assistance for juvenile corrections and
detention. A major responsibility of the grantee would be to plan and
convene the annual Juvenile Corrections and Detention Forum. The forum
provides an opportunity for 100 juvenile corrections and detention
leaders to meet and discuss issues, problems, and solutions to
corrections and detention problems. A second objective is to provide
workshops and training conferences on current and emerging national
issues in the field of juvenile corrections and detention. The grantee
would provide limited technical assistance through document
dissemination. OJJDP will award a competitive grant to an organization
experienced in this area of expertise to provide these services.
Technical Assistance for State Legislatures--$163,000
State legislatures are being pressed to respond to public fear of
juvenile crime, and that there is increasingly less confidence in the
capability of the juvenile justice system to respond effectively. For
the most part, State legislatures have not had enough information to
properly address justice issues. Consequently, OJJDP proposes to award
a grant to the National Conference of State Legislatures to identify,
analyze, and disseminate information to help State legislatures make
more informed decisions about legislation affecting the juvenile
justice system. A complementary task will involve supporting more
communication between State legislators and State and local leaders who
influence decision making regarding juvenile justice issues. A $163,000
grant will be awarded to the NCSL in fiscal year 1995. No additional
applications will be solicited in fiscal year 1995.
Information and Statistics Projects--$625,000
OJJDP recently conducted an independent review of its Information
and Statistics Program to help the Office develop a 5-year plan for
information and data collection. As a result of this review, $625,000
would be allocated to the following new projects: National Juvenile
Statistics Analysis Center; National Indicators of Risk and Protective
Factors; Juveniles in the Criminal Justice System; National Program
Directory; and Integrated Juvenile Justice, Mental Health, and Child
Welfare Data Collection.
National Juvenile Statistics Analysis Center
OJJDP would establish a center denoted to collecting and analyzing
statistics generated by OJJDP programs, State agencies, academic
research, and other Federal agencies and programs. This National
Juvenile Statistics Analysis Center would focus on two umbrella
activities: (1) retrieving Federal, State and local research and data,
and (2) providing quick analyses to inform Federal, State, and local
policy and program decisions. The impetus for the Center comes from the
recognition that many States are performing statistical analyses of
their delinquency and juvenile justice systems. Other jurisdictions can
benefit greatly from access to these data and analyses. The Center
would function as a collection point for the research. With an
increased national emphasis on juvenile justice issues, there is more
need for specific and quick analyses of particular issues. The Center
will provide such analyses on a wide range of subjects.
Other activities of the Center would include:
Analyzing demographic, delinquency, and violence trends,
including surveys of delinquency and related youth problems, Uniform
Crime Report data, and victimization surveys.
Analyzing violent behavior trends and patterns,
particularly assaults and robberies, to increase our understanding of
these phenomena.
Maintaining national data sets on juvenile justice system
handling of juveniles. Of particular interest would be State studies of
disproportionate minority confinement and gender bias being conducted
pursuant to the JJDP Act.
Retrieving statewide data sets for analysis and
cultivating State resources for information and statistics.
Maintaining data sets produced under major studies of
delinquency and related juvenile problems.
Distributing the results of statistical analyses conducted
by others at the State and local level.
The Center would be funded through a multiyear competitive contract
award.
National Indicators of Risk and Protective Factors
Widespread adoption of the public health model as stimulated
interest in viewing juvenile delinquency and other problem behaviors in
terms of risk and protective factors. At the same time, interest in
developing social indicators of delinquency has grown. Because of these
two developments, a plan for collection and analysis of national
indicators of risk and protective factors needs to be explored. State
and community level baselines would enable measurement of the impact of
delinquency prevention programs on risk and protective factors. A
national baseline, with annual comparisons, could permit forecasts of
changes in delinquency and youth violence levels and trends.
Several projects have laid the foundation of national and state-by-
state baselines: Kids Count, the National Youth Survey, OJJDP's Causes
and Correlates Research Program, and Six State Communities That Care
Pilot Program, and InfoNation. The key issue concerns the feasibility
of nationwide establishment, at the State level, of reporting
requirements necessary to generate comparable data.
OJJDP would support a pilot study designed to test the feasibility
of establishing comparable measurements of risk and protective factors,
and prevalence measures for delinquency and other problem behaviors, at
the individual, community, State, and national levels. The planning
phase of the feasibility study would involve a wide range of expertise,
including researchers, practitioners, and policymakers. The involvement
of other Federal agencies and foundations interested in supporting such
a program would be actively explored. OJJDP would award a single
competitive grant to support the pilot study.
Juveniles in the Criminal Justice System
Policymakers and legislators seeking data on how juveniles get to
criminal court and on rates of conviction and sentencing, treatment,
and conditions of confinement have found that existing information is
often inadequate to help them make decisions about legislation, policy,
and program development.
OJJDP, in cooperation with the National Institute of Justice (NIJ)
and the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS), proposes to identify and
fill these data gaps by working collaboratively with interested State
and local officials. Through OJJDP's Juvenile Justice Statistics and
Systems Development Program, a series of meetings would be convened
involving prosecutors, judges, corrections officials, State Statistical
Analysis Centers, researchers, and staff from OJJDP, NIJ, and BJS. The
purpose of the meetings would be to plan multijurisdictional studies of
the transfer process and its outcomes. The project also would identify
information needs to recommend for inclusion in the BJS National Survey
of State Prosecutors.
A number of multi-agency planning teams would be invited to assist
in the collaborative design of the studies by identifying core data
elements and definitions for cross-jurisdictional collection and
analysis. The design process would be informed by a literature review
and the identification of existing studies and data sets for secondary
analysis to fill immediate gaps. A detailed review of the Government
Accounting Office's pending waiver study would inform the project as to
the feasibility of certain options.
National Program Directory
To further develop OJJDP's statistical capability, OJJDP proposes
the creation of a National Program Directory. This directory would
contain the names and addresses of specific juvenile justice programs
along with important identifying information. The director would
include prosecutors, juvenile probation departments, juvenile court
judges, mental health agencies, youth welfare agencies, and other
executive branch juvenile justice agencies. The directory would form
the sampling frame for future OJJDP surveys.
An important feature of this project would be a series of Quick
Response Surveys (QRS). Each QRS would address a specific problem and
be directed to a specific group of respondents. The goal of each QRS
will be to provide vital information quickly on emerging problems and
issues. QRS would be made possible through Census Bureau development of
program and facility directories on juvenile courts, detention centers,
and long-term State confinement facilities. These surveys would address
such issues as: characteristics of assaultive behaviors, juveniles in
police lock-ups, juvenile sex offenders, family issues, and
overcrowding.
The initial phase of this project would focus on developing a
directory structure, collecting core information, and developing a QRS
strategy.
Integrated Juvenile Justice, Mental Health and Child Welfare Data
Collection
Recent research has documented the co-occurrence of delinquency,
mental health problems, drug and alcohol abuse, and child abuse and
neglect. However, current data collection mechanisms do not permit
linking client data from the juvenile justice system with data from the
mental health and child welfare systems. Information is needed on how
the child welfare and mental health systems function as diversion
programs and as providers of alternative incarceration for problem
youth not served by the juvenile justice system. Ways of linking these
data collection systems would be explored in order to (1) understand
the interrelationships of the three systems, (2) develop models that
coordinate the actions of the three systems, and (3) integrate them
into a continuum of care.
OJJDP proposes to support a planning effort to map out steps toward
integrated juvenile justice, mental health, and child welfare data
collection. OJJDP would carry this work out in collaboration with other
Federal agencies that have an interest in the objectives of this
program, including the National Institute of Mental Health; the Center
for Mental Health Services; the National Institute on Drug Abuse; the
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse; the Administration on Children,
Youth and Families; and the Social Security Administration. This
project would also involve practitioners and researchers from the
mental health, juvenile justice, and child welfare fields. OJJDP's
Statistics and Systems Development Program will provide staff support
for this planning activity, including conducting a literature review,
identifying useful data sets for secondary analysis, and convening
planning meetings. The results will include recommendations for future
implementation steps.
OJJDP's current Statistics and Systems Development Program grantee,
the National Center for Juvenile Justice, would conduct this program
activity. No additional applications would be solicited in fiscal year
1995.
Waiver Studies--$275,000
States are increasingly enacting new legislation mandating transfer
of juveniles to criminal courts. This trend includes the development of
innovative procedures such as (1) blending traditional features of
juvenile and criminal justice procedures and (2) sanctions and statutes
that categorize juvenile offenders into different classes according to
the seriousness of the offense, designating juvenile or criminal court
for each class. Research in this area has been limited; few studies
have evaluated juvenile and criminal court handling of serious or
violent juvenile offenders.
OJJDP proposes to support two studies in fiscal year 1995. The
first would compare juvenile and criminal court handling of juveniles.
This comparison would be made between a State(s) that allows for
judicial waiver of serious or violent juvenile offenders and a State(s)
that mandates criminal court handling for specified categories of
offenders. The second study would evaluate an innovative system of
blending criminal and juvenile justice systems to handle serious or
violent juvenile offenders.
Funding for the initial phase of each of these studies will be
competitively awarded and will not exceed $125,000 for each grant.
OJJDP Support for PAVNET--$25,000
PAVNET, the Partnership Against Violence Network, is an information
initiative that reflects the level of Federal, State, and local
cooperation needed to build safer, less violent communities. PAVNET
will integrate information on a wide range of programs and remove
barriers to sharing information on programs and resources to fight
violence and support families and children. PAVNET is an electronic
data base that is accessible through the Internet and also available in
hard copy.
OJJDP's proposed support for PAVNET would be accomplished through a
fund transfer to the National Institute of Justice. Through this
support, many juvenile justice prevention and intervention programs
that have been identified as promising and effective models would be
available through the PAVNET system.
Innovative Firearms Program--$250,000
The purpose of the Innovative Firearms Program is to assist State
or local jurisdictions to develop and implement new or enhanced
projects to prevent the possession and use of firearms by juveniles and
control illicit firearm trafficking. Law enforcement, prosecutorial
agencies, schools, community groups, and juvenile justice system
representatives may participate in the program. The grantee(s), in
cooperation with the Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA), OJJDP, and the
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms, will also work with U.S.
Attorneys to develop and implement State and local projects related to
the new Youth Handgun Safety Act. The Act prohibits the possession of a
handgun or ammunition by, or the private transfer of a handgun or
ammunition to, a juvenile. BJA and OJJDP will also work with local
jurisdictions to develop a program to reduce firearms crimes by
juvenile gangs through improved enforcement of firearms laws and other
laws and regulations, such as tax and business laws, that are used to
control firearms sales. OJJDP would transfer funds to BJA for this
program.
OJJDP Management Evaluation Contract--$360,000
The purpose of this contract is to provide OJJDP with an expert
resource capable of performing independent, management-oriented
evaluations of selected OJJDP programs. Evaluations would determine the
effectiveness and efficiency of either individual projects or groups of
projects.
Evaluations could include demonstrations, tests, training, and
technical assistance programs. Evaluations would be requested through
work orders issued by OJJDP and carried out in accordance with work
plans prepared by the contractor and approved by OJJDP. Each evaluation
would be defined by OJJDP and costs, method, and timetable determined
through negotiation between OJJDP and the contractor. The contract
would be funded through a competitive award in fiscal year 1995.
Improvement of the Juvenile Justice System--Continuation Programs
Law Enforcement Training and Technical Assistance Program--$1,504,924
This continuation award will supplement the contract between OJJDP
and Fox Valley Technical College in Appleton, Wisconsin. Fiscal year
1995 funds will be used to conduct a nationwide training and technical
assistance program designed to improve law enforcement's capability to
respond to serious juvenile crime and to increase its capacity to
contribute to delinquency prevention. Technical assistance under this
contract is provided in response to a wide variety of requests from
Federal, State, local, and county agencies with responsibility for the
prevention and control of juvenile crime and delinquency. The contract
supports continuation of the Police Operations Leading to Improved
Children and Youth Services (POLICY) series of training programs
offered by OJJDP. No additional applications will be solicited in
fiscal year 1995.
Juvenile Justice Clearinghouse--$1,031,167
Part of the National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS),
the Juvenile Justice Clearinghouse provides support to OJJDP in (1)
collecting, synthesizing, and disseminating information to the public
on all aspects of juvenile delinquency, (2) developing publications,
and (3) preparing specialized responses to information requests from
the public. The Clearinghouse maintains a toll-free number for
information requests. It also reviews reports, data and standards
relating to the juvenile justice system in the United States and
develops specialized resource products for the juvenile justice
community.
The Clearinghouse serves as a center for acquiring and
disseminating information on juvenile delinquency, including State and
local juvenile delinquency prevention and treatment programs and plans;
availability of resources; training and educational programs;
statistics; and other pertinent data and information. It also serves as
an information bank for the collection and synthesis of data and
knowledge obtained from research and evaluation conducted by public and
private agencies, institutions, or individuals concerning all aspects
of juvenile delinquency.
Recognizing the critical need to inform juvenile justice
practitioners and other policymakers on program approaches that hold
promise, the Clearinghouse continually develops and recommends new
strategies to communicate the research findings and program activities
of OJJDP to the practitioner community.
The entire NCJRS, of which the Juvenile Justice Clearinghouse is a
part, is administered by the National Institute of Justice under a
competitively awarded contract.
Comprehensive Communities Program--Comprehensive Gang Initiative--
$799,345
Under the Comprehensive Communities Program, BJA provides funds to
communities to implement a Comprehensive Gang Initiative. Funding for
fiscal year 1995 would be a joint BJA and OJJDP effort, with OJJDP
transferring $799,345 to BJA to support continued implementation of the
Comprehensive Gang Initiative. The program includes a training
curriculum and the provision of technical assistance to model
demonstration sites by the Police Executive Research Forum (PERF). Four
competitively selected demonstration sites were funded during fiscal
year 1993 with technical assistance provided by PERF. Four additional
sites will be funded in fiscal year 1995 through a competitive process.
Applications will be solicited by BJA.
Comprehensive Gang Initiative--$700,000
Under the Comprehensive Gang Initiative, BJA has developed a model
comprehensive approach to gang issues that carefully balances
prevention, intervention, and suppression approaches. The model
incorporates strategies that bring together cooperative and coordinated
efforts of the police, other criminal justice agencies, human services
providers, and community programs. Funds in the amount of $700,000 will
be transferred to BJA. In fiscal year 1995, BJA will provide
continuation funding for the four currently funded project sites.
Intensive Community-Based Aftercare Demonstration and Technical
Assistance Program--$620,000
This initiative is designed to support implementation, delivery of
training and technical assistance, and evaluation for a statewide
intensive community-based aftercare model in four states competitively
selected to participate in this demonstration program.
In fiscal year 1994, the Johns Hopkins University was awarded funds
to test its intensive community-based aftercare model in four
demonstration sites. Each of the four sites will receive up to $100,000
to support program implementation in fiscal year 1995. An independent
evaluation contractor is providing an initial evaluation design and
documenting the implementation process under a separate grant.
The Johns Hopkins University will receive a supplemental award of
$220,000 to provide training and technical assistance to the four
selected sites and to OJJDP's Youth Environmental Service Program, Boot
Camp Pilot Program, and Safe Futures Program. This is the second budget
period of a three-year project. BJA will contribute $600,000 to the
support of this program in fiscal year 1995.
Juvenile Justice Statistics and Systems Development--$550,000
The purpose of the Juvenile Justice Statistics and Systems
Development (SSD) Program is to improve Federal, State, and local
juvenile justice statistics on juveniles as victims and offenders. The
SSD Program helps OJJDP to formulate a comprehensive program for the
collection, analysis and dissemination of national statistics on
juveniles as victims and offenders, and to document the juvenile
justice system's response. A major product to be completed will be a
national report on juvenile offending and victimization. Work on this
product will consist mainly of report production followup, including
the completion of a detailed technical appendix and preparation of
additional products for dissemination. The SSD program will focus on
the following areas in fiscal year 1995: juveniles in the criminal
justice system; development and testing of a training curriculum for
improving information systems; integration of juvenile justice, mental
health, and child welfare data collection; and improving information on
juvenile detention.
The program will be implemented by the current grantee, the
National Center for Juvenile Justice. No additional applications will
be solicited in fiscal year 1995.
Development of OJJDP's Comprehensive Strategy for Serious, Violent, and
Chronic Juvenile Offenders--$500,000
The National Council on Crime and Delinquency (NCCD), in
collaboration with Developmental Research and Programs, Inc. (DRP), has
completed Phase I of a collaborative effort to support development and
implementation of OJJDP's Comprehensive Strategy for Serious, Violent,
and Chronic Juvenile Offenders. This effort involved assessing existing
and previously researched programs to identify effective and promising
programs identified in the Comprehensive Strategy. A series of reports
has been completed on early intervention for ages 0 to 6, prevention
from childhood to adolescence, graduated sanctions, risk and needs
assessments, and an operations manual. Phase II, to be carried out in
fiscal year 1995, will include: information dissemination; program
development and implementation activities; providing information to
national, State and local organizations; providing training and
technical assistance to Title V Prevention and Serious, Violent, and
Chronic Juvenile Offenders, and Safe Futures Program sites; and
conducting a series of regional seminars for representative groups of
key leaders.
The program will be implemented by NCCD ($275,000) and DRP
($225,000) under cooperative agreements. No additional applications
will be solicited in fiscal year 1995.
Training for Juvenile Corrections and Detention Staff--$500,000
OJJDP proposes to continue the development and implementation of a
comprehensive training program for juvenile corrections and detention
management staff through its interagency agreement with the National
Institute of Corrections (NIC). The program is designed to offer a core
curriculum for juvenile corrections and detention administrators and
mid-level management personnel in such areas as leadership development,
management, training of trainers, legal issues, cultural diversity, the
role of the victim in juvenile corrections, gang activity, juvenile
programming for specialized needs of offenders, and overcrowding. The
training would be conducted at the NIC Academy and regionally. This
program is a continuation activity and would be implemented in fiscal
year 1995 under an interagency agreement with NIC. No additional
applications would be solicited in fiscal year 1995.
Children in Custody--$450,000
Under this ongoing collaborative program between OJJDP and the U.S.
Bureau of the Census, OJJDP proposes to transfer funds to the Census
Bureau to conduct the 1995 biennial census of public and private
juvenile detention, correctional, and shelter facilities. The census
describes juvenile custody facilities in terms of their resident
population, programs, and physical characteristics. It provides
information on trends in the use of juvenile custody facilities for
delinquent juveniles and status offenders. The Census Bureau's Center
for Survey Methods Research would also continue to develop and test a
roster-based data collection system designed to significantly improve
information on juveniles in custody. The Bureau's Governments Division
would create a new directory of facilities.
The program would be implemented under an interagency agreement
with the U.S. Bureau of the Census. No additional applications would be
solicited in fiscal year 1995.
Research Program on Juveniles Taken Into Custody--NCCD--$450,000
The Research Program on Juveniles Taken into Custody was designed
in response to a statutory requirement to produce a detailed annual
summary of juvenile custody data. During the next 24-month period, the
National Council on Crime and Delinquency (NCCD) will continue to
implement and refine the State Juvenile Correctional System Reporting
Program. It is anticipated that individual-level data for 1993 will be
representative of more than 75 percent of the at-risk juvenile
population. In addition, NCCD will prepare two additional reports for
OJJDP. These reports will provide a detailed summary and analysis of
the most recent data regarding: (1) the number and characteristics of
juveniles taken into custody, (2) the rate at which juveniles are taken
into custody, and (3) the trends demonstrated by the data.
The 1994 data collection will expand coverage by collecting data
from several small, nonautomated State systems. In order to better
understand the data collected under the State Juvenile Corrections
System Reporting Program, NCCD will conduct a State Juvenile
Corrections Organizational Survey to identify critical dimensions of
corrections administration that may explain variation in results. NCCD,
in cooperation with the National Center for Juvenile Justice, will
assess the proportion of all court commitments that are covered by the
State Juvenile Corrections Reporting Program as compared with direct
commitments by local authorities. NCCD will also conduct a pilot data
collection and research effort on a small sample of detention centers
to generate data and information on juveniles in detention.
This program will be implemented by the current grantee, NCCD. No
additional applications will be solicited in fiscal year 1995.
Children at Risk--$350,000
OJJDP, the Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA), and the Center on
Addiction and Substance Abuse of Columbia University have undertaken a
joint program to help communities rescue high-risk pre-adolescents from
the interrelated threats of crime and drugs. The program tests a
specific intervention strategy for reducing and controlling illegal
drugs and related crime in target neighborhoods and fosters healthy
development among youth from drug- and crime-ridden neighborhoods.
Multiservice, multidisciplinary, neighborhood-based programs are
established to provide a range of opportunities and services for pre-
adolescents and their families who are at high risk of involvement in
illegal drugs and crime. Simultaneously, the criminal and juvenile
justice systems are targeting resources to reduce illegal drug use and
crime in the neighborhoods where these young people reside. OJJDP funds
are used for the delinquency prevention component of the program.
The Center has received funding from a number of foundations that
has been matched by OJJDP and BJA. Based on the proposals submitted,
six communities were selected to receive funds beginning in fiscal year
1992 to implement programs over a three-year period. Seattle,
Washington; Memphis, Tennessee; Bridgeport, Connecticut; Austin, Texas;
Savannah, Georgia; and Newark, New Jersey. Foundation and government
funding ranging from $500,000 to $1 million was allocated to each
community. The program will be implemented by the current grantee in
the six communities. OJJDP funds will be transferred to BJA to
implement the program under a BJA Grant. No additional applications
will be solicited in fiscal year 1995.
Interventions To Reduce Disproportionate Minority Confinement in Secure
Detention and Correctional Facilities (The Deborah Wysinger Memorial
Program)--$300,000
National data and studies have demonstrated that minority juveniles
are overrepresented in secure facilities across the country. In
response to this problem, OJJDP issued regulations in 1989 requiring
States participating in the Formula Grants Program to gather and assess
data to determine the existence of disproportionate minority
confinement and, if it existed, to design strategies to address the
problem. As of February 1993, 42 States had completed the required data
analyses, with all but one determining that minority juveniles were
overrepresented in secure facilities. Analysis of the data indicated
that minority youths are disproportionately represented at each point
of decision making in the juvenile justice system.
This competitive Special Emphasis program would provide funds to
States, local units of government, and nonprofit organizations to
demonstrate effective interventions designed to eliminate the
disproportionate confinement of minority juveniles in secure detention
or correctional facilities, adult jails and lockups, and other secure
institutional facilities. Activities appropriate for funding under this
initiative would include such programs as:
Training and education programs for law enforcement and
juvenile justice practitioners.
Diversion programs for minority youths who come in contact
with the juvenile justice system.
Prevention programs in communities with numbers of
minority residents.
Programs to increase the capacity of community-based
organizations to provide alternatives to detention and incarceration
for minority youths.
Aftercare programs designed to assist minority youths
returning to their communities from secure institutions.
Grants would be available to State and local agencies, local units
of government, and nonprofit organizations in amounts ranging from
$50,000 to $100,000 for the implementation and evaluation of
interventions designed to reduce disproportionate minority confinement.
In addition to the general selection criteria applied to all OJJDP
competitive applications, OJJDP would consider the relationship of the
application to the State's development of multiple strategies to
address the State's problem based on minority overrepresentation
indices as identified in the Phase I data collection analysis. Three to
six competitive applications would be funded in fiscal year 1995 at
$50,000 to $100,000 each.
Violence Study--Causes and Correlates--$300,000
OJJDP proposes to support additional analyses of data collected
under its Program of Research on the Causes and Correlates of
Delinquency, conducted at the State University of New York at Albany,
the University of Pittsburgh, and the University of Colorado. Because
of the richness and scope of the data base, many issues have yet to be
addressed. The main purpose of additional analyses to be conducted
under this program is to inform the further development of OJJDP's
Comprehensive Strategy for Serious, Violent, and Chronic Juvenile
Offenders. In addition to conducting analyses specifically related to
the Comprehensive Strategy, the grantees will produce an update summary
of their research results.
This program will be implemented by the grantees noted above. No
additional applications would be solicited in fiscal year 1995.
Child Centered Community-Oriented Policing--$300,000
In fiscal year 1993, OJJDP provided support to the New Haven,
Connecticut, Police Department and the Yale University Child
Development Center to document a child-centered community-oriented
policing model, which is being implemented in New Haven. The basic
elements of the model are a 10-week training course in child
development for all new police officers, and child development
fellowships for all community-based district commanders who direct
neighborhood police teams. The fellowships provide 4 to 6 hours of
training each week over a 3-month period at the Child Study Center. The
program also includes: (1) 24-hour consultation from a clinical
professional and a police supervisor to patrol officers who assist
children in violent situations; (2) weekly case conferences with police
officers, educators; and (3) child study center staff; open police
stations, located in neighborhoods and accessible to residents, for
police and related services; community liaison; and neighborhood foot
patrols.
In fiscal year 1994, Community Policing funds transferred from the
Bureau of Justice Assistance supported a technical assistance and
training grant to allow the Yale/New Haven project to serve as a host
site for jurisdictions interested in replicating the essential elements
of the model. In fiscal year 1995, OJJDP funds will support the
continuation of this project. No additional applications will be
solicited in fiscal year 1995.
Nonviolent Dispute Resolution--$300,000
This program is a joint effort of OJJDP and the Bureau of Justice
Assistance (BJA) to test a variety of strategies to train teenage
students to constructively manage anger, resolve conflicts, learn the
importance of mutual respect, and be responsible for their actions. Up
to three organizations or agencies would be identified to implement
program models. To qualify, applicants must have demonstrated
successful work in programs that include collaborative efforts among
educators, counselors, criminal justice representatives, and parents or
caretakers. Applications would be solicited by BJA on a competitive
basis.
Contract for the Evaluation of OJJDP Programs--$290,000
This contract will be extended and supplemented in the amount of
$290,000 to complete evaluation reports on OJJDP's Boot Camp Pilot
Program, to continue the evaluation of the Disproportionate Minority
Confinement and Title V Prevention Program evaluations, and to provide
other evaluation services required by OJJDP prior to the award of a new
competitive contract.
The contract supplement will be awarded to Caliber Associates. A
new competitive contract will be solicited in fiscal year 1995.
Pulling America's Communities Together (PACT) Program Development--
$261,000
Project PACT is an initiative through which Federal agencies work
with State and local agencies and communities to develop a strategic
plan to help reduce crime and violence by building healthier
communities. The role of the Federal government in Project PACT is to
support the community's identification of needs, formulation of a
coordinated community response, and development of resources to
implement a community action plan. OJJDP would continue to provide PACT
cities with technical assistance and information on programs and
services that offer best hope for success in the development of
antiviolence strategies of juvenile offenders and victims.
The National Council on Crime and Delinquency (NCCD) has provided
the Project PACT jurisdictions of Metro Atlanta, Metro Denver,
Nebraska, and Washington, D.C., with technical assistance for the past
year. NCCD would continue to provide such assistance through fiscal
year 1995 by responding to requests for assistance in implementing
juvenile justice reform through OJJDP's Comprehensive Strategy for
Serious, Violent, and Chronic Juvenile Offenders.
This program would be implemented by NCCD. No additional
applications would be solicited in fiscal year 1995.
Due Process Advocacy Program Development--$250,000
In fiscal year 1993, OJJDP funded the American Bar Association
(ABA), in partnership with the Juvenile Law Center (JLC) of
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and the Youth Law Center (YLC) of San
Francisco, California to develop the due process advocacy program
strategies. The goals of the program are: (1) to increase juvenile
offenders' access to legal services; (2) to improve the quality of
preadjudication, adjudication, and dispositional advocacy for juvenile
offenders; and (3) to ensure due process to all juveniles in the
juvenile justice system. The strategies will be made available to State
and local bar associations and other relevant organizations so that
they can develop approaches to increase the availability and quality of
counsel for juveniles. The ABA, JLC, and YLC have completed an
assessment of the current state of the art with regard to legal
services, training, and education. In fiscal year 1995, they will
develop strategies to improve access, availability, and the quality of
counsel and provide a comprehensive report on these issues. During this
second funding cycle, training materials will be developed and tested
in selected sites. Training materials will be adjusted based on
experience in the test sites and a dissemination strategy developed.
The ABA will establish mechanisms for networking with legal service
providers such as public defender offices and children's law centers.
Fiscal year 1995, funding will support the second six months of the
second year budget for this 3-year effort. No new applications will be
solicited in fiscal year 1995.
Improvement in Correctional Education for Juvenile Offenders--$250,000
The purpose of this program is to assist juvenile corrections
administrators in planning and implementing improved educational
services for detained and incarcerated juvenile offenders.
In fiscal year 1992, the National Office for Social Responsibility
(NOSR) was awarded a 3-year cooperative agreement to conduct a
comprehensive assessment of the literature and to produce a report
documenting state of the art practices in educational reform. The
results of this effort were utilized to develop a training and
technical assistance program to improve educational services for
incarcerated juveniles.
NOSR would be awarded up to $250,000 in fiscal year 1995 to provide
training and technical assistance to three sites to be competitively
selected in fiscal year 1995. No additional applications would be
solicited for this training and technical assistance program during
fiscal year 1995.
Juveniles Taken Into Custody (JTIC): Interagency Agreement--$200,000
The U.S. Bureau of the Census is working with OJJDP and the
National Council on Crime and Delinquency to develop a comprehensive
national statistical reporting system that is responsive to the
information requirements of the OJJDP Act, the needs of the juvenile
justice field for data on juvenile custody populations, and the needs
of State legislatures and juvenile justice professionals for data to
assist in making informed planning and policymaking decisions.
The Census Bureau acts as the data collection agent for the JTIC
program under an interagency agreement. No additional applications will
be solicited in fiscal year 1995.
Enhancing Enforcement Strategies for Juvenile Impaired Driving Due to
Alcohol and Other Drug Use--$150,000
Through a $75,000 interagency agreement with the National Highway
Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) of the U.S. Department of
Transportation, OJJDP is supporting an initiative on Enhancing
Enforcement Strategies for Juvenile Impaired Driving Due to Alcohol and
Other Drug Use. The goals of this program are: (1) to increase the use
of the arrest sanction among law enforcement agencies in cases where
juvenile drivers are impaired by alcohol and other drugs, by developing
and testing a model comprehensive program in selected demonstration
sites and by disseminating training and technical assistance materials
for police, prosecutors, judges, and probation officers on effective
procedures and law enforcement strategies; and (2) to increase
community reliance on a unified systemwide response to juvenile
impaired driving by involving the criminal juvenile system and other
elements of the community in encouraging enforcement efforts that use
the arrest sanction.
This three-phase program is entering its third and final phase. To
date, the grantee, the Police Executive Research Forum (PERF), has
developed a draft comprehensive Juvenile Driving Under the Influence
Enforcement Working Model, training curricula, and technical assistance
materials. Five sites have been selected and are testing the model and
receiving training and technical assistance from PERF. The
demonstration sites are Albany County, New York; Tulsa, Oklahoma;
Astoria, Oregon; Hampton, Virginia; and Phoenix, Arizona.
In the third phase of the program, the observations and lessons
learned from the demonstration sites will be categorized, analyzed,
consolidated, and organized into a replicable model. The model will be
presented to law enforcement and other interested public and private
organizations through a variety of ``how-to'' materials. Project work
products will be developed as a series of discrete, stand-alone
publications to be published and distributed with the notation that the
materials, like the various model components, must be coordinated in
order to produce the desired result--a cooperating local criminal
justice system that supports its police in the use of the arrest
sanction as a principle deterrent to juvenile impaired driving. No
additional applications will be solicited in fiscal year 1995.
Training in Cultural Differences for Law Enforcement/Juvenile Justice
Officials--$100,000
Under a previous OJJDP award, The American Correctional Association
(ACA), in collaboration with the Police Executive Research Forum
(PERF), developed and tested a 2\1/2\ day cultural diversity training
curriculum that is applicable to all juvenile justice system
components. The curriculum has been presented by ACA and PERF trainers,
and has been well received by training attendees, particularly juvenile
justice/law enforcement trainers. In addition, the ACA has received
numerous requests from juvenile justice agencies to provide the
training to their personnel.
In recognition of the need for and benefits of cultural diversity
training, OJJDP proposes to continue support for the above project in
fiscal year 1995. The purpose of the additional funding would be to
enable the grantee to implement additional State and regional training-
of-trainers programs across the country in response to requests from
the field.
The competitively awarded grant to the ACA for this project would
be supplemented in fiscal year 1995 in the amount of $100,000.
Evaluation of Intensive Community-Based Aftercare Demonstration and
Technical Assistance Program--$80,000
This supplement will allow the evaluation grantee to provide
additional assistance in data collection in fiscal year 1995 to the
four States implementing the Intensive Community-Based Aftercare
Demonstration and Technical Assistance Program.
The initial stage of this evaluation will assess the process used
by the four demonstration states to implement an intensive community-
based aftercare program, evaluate technical assistance provided to
these States, and develop a preliminary impact evaluation research
design. This supplemental award will provide for the initiation of data
collection efforts as soon as the research design for the impact
evaluation is completed.
This program will be implemented by the evaluation grantee. No
additional applications will be solicited in fiscal year 1995.
Juvenile Justice Data Resources--$25,000
This program enhances the availability of juvenile justice data
sets for secondary analysis. The project takes data files from OJJDP
research and statistical programs and prepares them for use by other
researchers. Data files made available during fiscal year 1994 include
the 1993 Children in Custody Census, Juveniles Taken Into Custody, and
the Causes and Correlates Research Program.
This program will be implemented under an interagency agreement
with the University of Michigan. No additional applications will be
solicited in fiscal year 1995.
Juvenile Court Training*--$1,070,057
The primary purpose of this project is to continue and refine the
training and technical assistance program offered by the National
Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges. The training objectives
are to supplement law school curricula and provide judges with current
information on developments in juvenile and family case law and
available options for sentencing and treatment. Emphasis will also be
placed on drug testing, gangs and violence, and intermediate sanctions.
The project will provide both basic training to new juvenile and family
court judges and specialized training to experienced judges.
The program will be implemented by the current grantee, The
National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges. No additional
applications will be solicited in fiscal year 1995.
Coalition for Juvenile Justice*--$700,000
The Coalition for Juvenile Justice supports and facilitates the
purposes and functions of each State's Juvenile Justice State Advisory
Group (SAG). The Coalition, acting as a Federal advisory committee,
reviews Federal policies and practices regarding juvenile justice and
delinquency prevention, prepares and submits an annual report and
recommendations to the President and Congress, and provides advice to
the OJJDP Administrator. The coalition is also authorized to develop an
information center for the SAG's and to conduct an annual conference to
provide training for SAG members.
National Juvenile Court Data Archive*--$611,000
The National Juvenile Court Data Archive collects, processes,
analyzes, and disseminates automated data and published reports from
the Nation's juvenile courts. The archive's reports examine referrals,
offenses, intake, and dispositions in addition to specialized topics
such as minorities in juvenile courts and specific offense categories.
The archive also provides assistance to jurisdictions in analyzing
their juvenile court data. In fiscal year 1995, the archive will
enhance the collection, reporting, and analysis of more detailed data
on detention, dispositions, risk factors, and treatment data using
offender-based data sets from a sample of juvenile courts.
The program will be implemented by the current grantee, the
National Center for Juvenile Justice. No additional applications will
be solicited in fiscal year 1995.
Violence Studies*--$500,000
The 1992 Amendments to the JJDP Act require OJJDP to conduct a
study on violence in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Los Angeles, California,
Washington, D.C., and in at least one rural area. Building on the
results of OJJDP's Program of Research on Causes and Correlates, these
studies will address the incidence of violence committed by or against
juveniles in urban and rural areas of the United States. In fiscal year
1993, OJJDP initiated these studies by supporting a planning phase and
providing funding to each of four programs with fiscal year 1994 funds.
It is anticipated that awards will be required to continue studies in
two of the four designated sites in fiscal year 1995. No additional
applications would be solicited in fiscal year 1995.
Technical Assistance to the Juvenile Courts*--$389,943
The National Center for Juvenile Justice (NCJJ), the research
division of the National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges,
provides four types of technical assistance under this grant: (1)
information resources; (2) onsite consultation; (3) off-site
consultation; and (4) a cross-site consultation. Emphasis will be
placed on intermediate sanctions for handling juveniles involved in
drug-related offenses and gang activities and other emerging issues
confronting the juvenile court.
The current grantee, the National Center for Juvenile Justice, will
implement the program. No additional applications will be solicited in
fiscal year 1995.
P.A.C.E. Center for Girls, Inc.*--$150,000
The P.A.C.E. Center for Girls, Inc., will expand its program to
several new sites and provide technical assistance to jurisdictions
that wish to adopt the P.A.C.E. program model. P.A.C.E. provides
juvenile court judges with an alternative program for at-risk teenage
girls arrested for status and minor delinquent offenses. Fiscal year
1995 funds will support the second year of implementation.
Douglas County, Nebraska*--$67,055
This is a grant for a youth pre-trial diversion program in Douglas
County, Nebraska. It was initially funded in fiscal year 1994 for a
two-year project period. Fiscal year 1995 funding will support second-
year implementation.
Shay Bilchik,
Administrator, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.
[FR Doc. 94-32280 Filed 12-29-94; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4410-18-M
