[Federal Register Volume 64, Number 235 (Wednesday, December 8, 1999)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 68916-68926]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 99-31707]
[[Page 68915]]
_______________________________________________________________________
Part IV
Department of Transportation
_______________________________________________________________________
Federal Aviation Administration
_______________________________________________________________________
14 CFR Part 65
Revision of Certification Requirements: Aircraft Dispatchers; Final
Rule
Federal Register / Vol. 64, No. 235 / Wednesday, December 8, 1999 /
Rules and Regulations
[[Page 68916]]
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
Federal Aviation Administration.
14 CFR Part 65
[Docket No. FAA-1998-4553; Amendment No. ]
RIN 2120-AG04
Revision of Certification Requirements: Aircraft Dispatchers
AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT.
ACTION: Final rule.
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SUMMARY: This final rule amends eligibility and certification
requirements for aircraft dispatchers. The existing regulations
prescribing these requirements do not reflect the significant
technological advances that have occurred in the aviation industry and
the enhancements in training and instructional methods that have
affected all aircraft dispatchers. This final rule consolidates and
clarifies eligibility, knowledge, experience, and skill requirements
for aircraft dispatchers, enhances the technical capabilities of
aircraft dispatchers, and increases the level of professionalism among
aircraft dispatchers.
EFFECTIVE DATES: April 6, 2000.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: James E. Gardner, Air Transportation
Division, Air Carrier Operations Branch, AFS-220, Federal Aviation
Administration, 800 Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20591;
telephone (202) 267-9579.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Availability of Final Rules
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Any person may obtain a copy of this document by submitting a
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Persons interested in being placed on the mailing list for future
rulemaking documents should request from the above office a copy of
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Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act
The Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act (SBREFA) of
1996, requires the FAA to comply with small entity requests for
information or advice about compliance with statutes and regulations
within its jurisdiction. Therefore, any small entity that has a
question regarding this document may contact their local FAA official.
Internet users can find additional information on SBREFA in the ``Quick
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electronic inquiries to the following Internet address: 9-AWA-
[email protected]
Background
In keeping with the FAA's policy of reviewing and updating
regulations to ensure that they are consistent with changes in the
aviation environment, the FAA, with the assistance of the Aviation
Rulemaking Advisory Committee (ARAC), reviewed part 65, subpart C, and
appendix A of 14 CFR part 65 that pertain to aircraft dispatchers. In
the preceding 30 years, few changes have been made to the dispatcher
certification requirements, although numerous technological advances in
the aviation industry and concerns over changes in operational
practices and training methods have occurred.
In October 1993, an industry task force concluded an initial
investigation of part 65, subpart C. The task force's objective was to
determine whether part 65, subpart C, needed to be updated, what
specific sections required updating, and whether industry, training
schools, and FAA examiners were of the same opinion. The task force was
comprised of representatives of airlines, associations, unions,
academia, and other interested parties. The Airline Dispatch Federation
(ADF) coordinated these activities. The task force found that
technology had outpaced the current regulations. The task force also
found that various designated examiners and FAA regional offices were
interpreting several of the regulations in a manner inconsistent with
each other and FAA headquarters. The results of this informal task
force study were presented at several ADF quarterly meetings.
On September 27, 1993, the Transport Workers Union Local 542 of
Euless, TX, petitioned the FAA to request a regulatory review of part
65, subpart C, and appendix A. On November 10, 1993, the FAA requested
the ARAC to review the initial certification training requirements of
aircraft dispatchers. The ARAC formed a ``Dispatch Working Group'' to
complete this assignment (59 FR 3155, January 20, 1994). The ARAC
tasked this working group to conduct a review of the certification
requirements for aircraft dispatchers. On October 19, 1998, the FAA
published a proposal as a result of the ARAC's recommendations (63 FR
55920). There has been only one substantive change from the NPRM. The
FAA proposed to allow operating limitations on a dispatcher's
certificate if the applicant was unable to read, speak, write, or
understand the English language due to medical reasons. The FAA is not
going forward with this proposal. For a more detailed discussion of
this issue, see the Principal Issues section of the preamble. In
addition, several editorial and clarifying changes have been made to
the rule language proposed in the NPRM.
General Discussion of the Amendments
The amendments cover a broad range of issues affecting the
certification of aircraft dispatchers. The amendments:
1. Establish a minimum age to be eligible to take the knowledge
test required by Sec. 65.55.
2. Update the experience requirements in Sec. 65.57 for an aircraft
dispatcher certificate.
3. Allow the equivalent experience finding under Sec. 65.57(a)(4)
to be made only by the Administrator.
4. Retain the current basic dispatch certificate without
introducing a system of ratings or limitations.
5. Eliminate duplication of certain educational requirements by
relocating them from current subpart C to appendix A.
6. Relocate information concerning initial and continued
eligibility for dispatcher certification courses, training facilities,
instruction, and records from appendix A to subpart C.
7. Add an ``overview'' paragraph to appendix A that contains
general information about aircraft dispatcher training courses.
8. Revise appendix A to include a new training outline that adds
new subjects, e.g., ``emergency and abnormal procedure.''
9. Eliminate sub-category training hour requirements from appendix
A
[[Page 68917]]
while retaining total course hour requirements.
10. Introduce ``human factors'' training during initial
certification.
11. Introduce in appendix A a training outline that allows training
to change as technology changes, without the need for a rule change, by
making the following changes:
(a) Stating the training outline in general terms so that future
technological enhancements or changes in operational practices can be
readily added.
(b) Linking appendix A to the Dispatch Practical Test Standards
(PTS) guide, thus allowing training requirements to be revised.
Principal Issues
Revision of Sec. 65.53 Eligibility Requirements
Section 65.53 adds a minimum age requirement of 21 years to be
eligible to take the knowledge test. The minimum age requirement to be
eligible for an aircraft dispatcher certificate is still 23 years of
age. The FAA added this provision to clear up confusion among training
centers and to provide a standard policy. Currently, confusion among
training centers exists when prospective dispatchers take both the
knowledge and practical exams prior to reaching their 23rd birthday.
Some training centers find this practice acceptable and delay
certificate issuance until the age requirement is met. Other training
centers find this practice unacceptable and do not allow an applicant
to take the knowledge test until the applicant is 23 years of age. As a
practical matter, adding a minimum age requirement of 21 years is not a
substantative change under Sec. 65.55(b) since a passing grade on a
written test is only valid for 24 months after the date the test is
given.
In addition, the term ``knowledge test'' replaces ``written test''
because the term ``knowledge test'' is a more inclusive term, referring
to either a test administered with pencil and paper or by computer.
Finally, the FAA is adding a requirement and eliminating an
exception to the English language requirements for flight dispatchers.
The FAA has determined, for safety concerns, that operations in the
National Airspace System (NAS) require a basic command of the English
language. Therefore, it has added the requirement that, to be eligible
for a dispatcher certificate, a person must be able to write English in
addition to the current requirements of reading, speaking, and
understanding the English language. The NPRM also proposed to permit
limitations to be placed on a dispatcher certificate if a medical
condition prevented the applicant from reading, writing, speaking, or
understanding the English language. The FAA is not going forward with
this proposal because it has determined that a dispatcher cannot
perform safely without being able to read, write, speak, and understand
the English language.
Revision of Sec. 65.57 Experience or Training Requirements
Section 65.57 is reorganized and retitled to provide more clarity.
In the past, there has been some confusion regarding whether experience
requirements can be combined with training requirements or whether a
person must meet the experience requirements and accomplish the
training requirements. This final rule retitles this section and
separates the experience requirements from the training requirements to
make it clear that a person applying for an aircraft dispatcher
certificate must meet either the experience requirements or the
training requirements. In addition, this final rule reorganizes the
experience requirements by separating military experience, part 121 air
carrier operations experience (14 CFR part 121), and other aircraft
operations experience. As a result, specific experience is delineated
to the appropriate category, making the experience requirements easier
to understand.
Further, air carrier operations are changed from ``scheduled air
carrier'' to ``operations conducted under part 121 of this chapter'' to
ensure that experience is verifiable and applicable. Experience as a
radio operator is no longer accepted because the FAA has determined
that radio operators do not have sufficient experience in such subject
areas as meteorology, weight and balance, emergency procedures,
applicable regulations, aeronautical charts, and flight planning. Also,
the experience for air traffic controllers is expanded to include
``Flight Service Specialist.'' Flight Service Specialists are required
to have knowledge and perform in the following areas: meteorology, air
traffic control, pilot briefings, flight planning, aeronautical charts,
and emergency procedures. Accordingly, the FAA has determined that the
experience gained as a Flight Service Specialist is applicable to
experience needed as an aircraft dispatcher.
In addition, Sec. 65.57(a)(4) in this final rule states that the
Administrator can make a finding of equivalent experience. The NPRM
used the term ``Administrator's representative'', and specified that
such a representative must be a certificated aircraft dispatcher. The
FAA modified the language to use the term ``Administrator'' since the
term ``Administrator's representative'' is too inclusive; it includes
designated aircraft dispatcher examiners (as authorized under part 183
of this chapter) but does not include FAA inspectors. In addition, it
is redundant to state that the Administrator's representative must hold
an aircraft dispatcher certificate since this is already required by
internal FAA Orders. The requirements for FAA personnel are handled
through internal Orders as well, and changes may be made regarding FAA
inspectors and the requirement to hold an aircraft dispatcher
certificate if the FAA determines such a requirement is needed.
Finally, this section changes the number of years of experience an
assistant aircraft dispatcher may use to meet the experience
requirements for an aircraft dispatcher certificate. Under the current
rule, an applicant for an aircraft dispatcher certificate may meet the
experience requirements for an aircraft dispatcher certificate by
demonstrating that he or she works as an assistant in dispatching
aircraft while under the direct supervision of a certificated aircraft
dispatcher for a total of at least one out of the two years before the
date he or she applies for the certificate. Under this amendment, the
number of years of assistant aircraft dispatcher experience changes to
two out of the last three years before the date the applicant applies
for the certificate. This change standardizes the number of years of
experience required for all accepted areas of experience and gives the
assistant aircraft dispatcher an additional opportunity to gain
experience in a variety of program areas similar to those areas taught
in certificated aircraft dispatcher courses. The ARAC recommended the
changes described above to the current experience requirements because
of its determination that only the proposed experience requirements
warrant being considered equivalent to the instruction received in an
approved aircraft dispatcher course. In addition, the FAA is clarifying
the language in paragraph (b) and codifying existing practice regarding
training requirements.
Knowledge and Skill Requirements
Under the current regulations for aircraft dispatchers, information
contained in the knowledge and skill
[[Page 68918]]
sections (Secs. 65.55 and 65.59) was duplicated in the appendix to part
65 (Aircraft Dispatcher Courses). This final rule removes this
redundancy by moving detailed training requirements set out in current
Secs. 65.55(a)(1) through (8) and 65.59(a) through (e) to appendix A.
This reorganization makes the rules clearer and easier to follow.
Realignment of Regulations and Training Material
The requirements for obtaining approval of an aircraft dispatcher
certification course covering required training facilities,
instruction, and records that were at the end of appendix A are now
included in subpart C. This material is relocated to Secs. 65.61,
65.63, 65.65, 65.67, and 65.70. Since this material contains what are
in fact eligibility requirements, it is more appropriate in the text of
the regulation than in an appendix. Sections 65.63, 65.65, 65.67, and
65.70 are new.
As previously mentioned, detailed training material from the
Knowledge and Skill sections of part 65 that describe course curriculum
are being moved into appendix A. With this realignment, all eligibility
requirements are contained in subpart C and all course related training
material in appendix A. One exception is that the minimum number of 200
course hours is included in Sec. 65.61(a) rather than in appendix A for
clarification. Subcategory hour requirements have been eliminated so
that an integrated training approach can be used more readily. This
issue is discussed in more detail in the ``Elimination of Minimum
Training Times for Subcategories'' section of the preamble.
Appendix A Revision
As mentioned above, an appendix introductory overview has been
added to Appendix A and contains information on course topics, use of
state of the art technologies and techniques, and air carrier specific
training. While all of the listed material must be taught, the course
order is flexible and an integrated training approach may be used. In
the past, blocks of material were taught separately, yet the material
was interrelated, so an integrated training approach is desirable.
Appendix A is completely revised based on technological advances
from the past 30 years and those that may be anticipated in the future.
Specific changes are discussed in detail below in the ``section by
section'' analysis.
Elimination of Minimum Training Times for Subcategories
This final rule provides for a minimum hour content of 200 training
hours (the previous minimum was 198 hours). The 2 hour increase in
training accommodates the addition of new topics, e.g., human factors
training. Appendix A is divided into eight main subject areas but does
not include a minimum hour requirement for each subject area as it did
in the past. By eliminating the subcategory hour requirement, an
integrated training approach can be used more readily. This also allows
training centers to change curriculum as needs change in the future.
Human Factors Training
An innovative concept in initial certification training for
aircraft dispatchers includes the introduction of human factors
training. This type of training is based on a number of human
performance variables, such as communication, decision-making,
teamwork, and leadership. Human factors training for cockpit crewmember
personnel has been conducted for years and has recently been made
mandatory for dispatchers under 14 CFR part 121 as well as for flight
crewmembers under 14 CFR parts 61 and 121 (see ``Air Carrier and
Commercial Operator Training Programs,'' 60 FR 65940, December 20,
1995). Today, human factors experts agree that the cockpit crewmember
is just one part of a team. Experts agree that Crew Resource Management
(CRM) training is important because it includes all members of the
operational team (see Advisory Circular (AC) 121-32, ``Dispatch
Resource Management Training'' and AC 120-51B, as amended, ``Crew
Resource Management Training''). Rather than wait until the dispatcher
has begun actively dispatching flights, it is better to begin human
factors training during the certification process. This provides
maximum benefit and retention level to the airman prior to actively
working flights. Of central importance to human factors training are
communications and decision making. Aircraft dispatchers are the
communications nexus in the air transportation system. Dispatchers
routinely communicate with and obtain information from over 25 groups
of aviation professionals that have responsibility for some portion of
the air transportation system. Then dispatchers must analyze,
prioritize, and disseminate information as appropriate. Much of this
information can be considered critical to the safety of flight.
Therefore, the FAA has determined that human factors training should be
required and conducted during initial certification for maximum air
transportation safety.
Basic Certificate vs. Endorsements and Ratings
The ARAC, after an extensive analysis, determined that it would be
better to retain the current certificate structure without introducing
a system of ratings or endorsements. The ARAC discussed adding an
``international'' endorsement; however, this was deemed unwarranted due
to the complexity and unique qualities of international operators. The
ARAC believed, and the FAA concurred, that airline or equipment-
specific training was best left to the airlines so that it could be
tailored to specific requirements. Examples of specific types of
training include twin engine extended range operations, operations in
areas of magnetic unreliability, and high altitude operations at
several South American airports.
Future Technological Advancements
Technology and new operational practices often outpace training and
the regulations associated with training. This subpart, for example,
has not been updated for over 30 years. With this in mind the ARAC's
Dispatch Working Group explored ways to write a training outline that
would not quickly become obsolete.
(1) General vs. Specific. The training outline in appendix A is
written in general terms. If very specific terms were used in the
representation of technology it could become obsolete within several
years. Specific automated observations currently include AWOS
(automated weather observing system), ASOS (automated surface observing
system), etc. These observations may not be used in the future;
therefore, the training outline lists ``automated'' weather
observations.
(2) Practical Test Standards Guide (PTS). Appendix A contains
language that references the PTS guide prepared and published by the
FAA. Through the PTS guide, the FAA is able to give examiners general
guidance on which subjects are appropriate for testing. From the PTS
guide, an examiner is able to determine those specific subject areas
that are appropriate for testing the knowledge and skills of a
candidate for an aircraft dispatcher certificate. Since it is virtually
impossible to theorize what technological advancements are in store for
the aviation community in the future and to reflect those advancements
specifically in part 65, subpart C and
[[Page 68919]]
appendix A, it is desirable to link the training outline in appendix A
to a document like the PTS guide that can be easily revised but that is
exposed to public review and participation.
Section-by-Section Analysis
Part 65--Certification: Airmen Other Than Flight Crewmembers
The revision to part 65, subpart C, updates eligibility, knowledge,
experience and skill requirements for initial certification of aircraft
dispatchers. Regulatory material is revised and relocated from appendix
A to subpart C.
Section 65.51 Certificate Required
Section 65.51 contains the basic requirements for an aircraft
dispatcher certificate and also requires each person who holds an
aircraft dispatcher certificate to present it for inspection upon
request of the Administrator or other authorized official. Minor
editorial changes have been made to the current rule language.
Section 65.53 Eligibility Requirements: General
Section 65.53 contains eligibility requirements for aircraft
dispatcher certification. This final rule amends Sec. 65.53 by: (1)
Establishing a minimum age requirement of 21 years for taking the
knowledge test; and (2) adding a requirement and eliminating an
exception to the English language requirements. These changes are more
fully discussed above under the Principal Issues portion of this
preamble.
Section 65.55 Knowledge Requirements
In Sec. 65.55, the term ``written test'' is replaced with the term
``knowledge test.'' The FAA has determined the term ``knowledge test''
is a more inclusive term, referring to either tests administered with
pencil and paper or by computer. This change is also consistent with
changes that have been made in other parts of this chapter (e.g., 14
CFR part 61).
In addition, general aeronautical knowledge areas are listed. This
is a change from the NPRM, but is consistent with other parts of this
chapter (e.g., 14 CFR part 61). This final rule eliminates redundancy
that is in Secs. 65.55(a)(1) through (8) and 65.59(a) through (e) of
the current rule. Also, the detailed subject matter is described in
more general terms, allowing training to change as technology changes
without the need for a rule change.
Finally, paragraph (b) was modified from the NPRM to clarify the
FAA's intent.
Section 65.57 Experience or Training Requirements
As previously discussed under the Principal Issues section of this
preamble, this final rule reorganizes and retitles this section.
Section 65.59 Skill Requirements
The current regulation outlines specific topics and publications to
be covered during the practical test. However, under this final rule,
specific topics are deleted to reduce redundancy within other sections
and the appendix. Instead, Sec. 65.59 states that the test must be
based on the Aircraft Dispatcher Practical Test Standards published by
the FAA on the items outlined in appendix A of part 65. In addition,
the language in the current rule regarding one type of large aircraft
was inadvertently omitted from the proposed rule. The language has been
added back in this final rule. Finally, Sec. 65.59 in this final rule
states that an applicant for an aircraft dispatcher certificate must
pass a practical test given by the Administrator. The NPRM used the
term ``Administrator's representative'', and specified that such a
representative must be a certificated aircraft dispatcher. The FAA
modified the language to use the term ``Administrator'' since the term
``Administrator's representative'' is too inclusive; it includes
designated aircraft dispatcher examiners (as authorized under part 183
of this chapter) but does not include FAA inspectors. In addition, it
is redundant to state that the Administrator's representative must hold
an aircraft dispatcher certificate since this is already required by
internal FAA Orders.
Section 65.61 Aircraft Dispatcher Certification Courses: Content and
Minimum Hours
The current Sec. 65.61 contains the general requirements for
obtaining approval of an aircraft dispatcher certification course.
Under this final rule, these requirements are divided between
Sec. 65.61(a) and Sec. 65.63(a).
Section 65.61 also includes the minimum 200 hours of instruction as
proposed. Under the current regulations, the minimum hours are
contained in appendix A on a subject-by-subject basis. This issue is
discussed more fully under the Principal Issues section of this
preamble.
Under this final rule, Sec. 65.61(b) requires a course outline as
does the current rule but, in addition, it requires that the outline
indicate the number of hours proposed for major topics and subtopics to
be covered since these hours are no longer stated in appendix A.
Section 65.61(c) also includes a provision, currently in appendix A,
paragraph (a), that additional subject headings can be included, but
that the hours proposed for any subjects not listed in appendix A must
be in addition to the minimum 200 required hours of instruction.
This final rule amends Sec. 65.61(d) by including a provision,
currently in paragraph (f) of appendix A, that allows a student to
receive credit for a portion of the required 200 hours of instruction
by substituting previous experience or training. As is currently the
case, this final rule requires that the basis for any allowance and the
total hours credited must be incorporated in the student's records.
Finally, the proposed introductory language in Sec. 65.61 is being
deleted in this final rule since the requirement is already contained
in 14 CFR part 121, subpart P and is more appropriate for an operating
rule.
Section 65.63 Aircraft Dispatcher Certification Courses: Application,
Duration, and Other General Requirements
Section 65.63 is a new section that includes in paragraph (a) the
requirement for a letter application currently contained in Sec. 65.61
that are more appropriate for the operating rule. Under this final
rule, a person is required to submit only two copies of the course
outline, in place of the three copies currently required. The FAA has
determined that three copies are not needed and that the requirement
imposes an unnecessary economic cost on the person and an
administrative burden on the FAA.
Section 65.63(b) contains the duration requirements and includes
the current 24-month duration for FAA approval of an aircraft
dispatcher certification course.
Section 65.65(c) contains the renewal requirements for an approved
aircraft dispatcher certification course. The only substantive change
from the current rule is that an application for renewal has to be
submitted at least 30 days before the expiration date. Currently it can
be submitted up to 60 days after the expiration date. This change is
needed to prevent approval of a course from continuing beyond its
expiration date. In addition, this section continues the 80 percent
success rate requirement currently under Appendix A but applies the 80
percent rate over a 24 month
[[Page 68920]]
period that is consistent with Sec. 141.5 (14 CFR 141.5).
Section 65.63(d) continues to contain the requirements for
obtaining approval of course revisions.
Section 65.63(e) contains the provisions for withdrawal or
cancellation of approval of an aircraft dispatcher certification
course, whether at the FAA's or the operator's initiative. When a
course approval is withdrawn or canceled, the operator is required to
send to the FAA any records requested by the Administrator so that they
are available if needed.
Sections 65.63(f) and (g) contain most of the current requirements
that apply to changes in ownership, name, or location of an approved
course. Two substantive changes from the current rule have been made.
Currently, the section states that ``approval of an aircraft dispatcher
course may not be continued in effect after the course has changed
ownership.'' Under this final rule, Sec. 65.63(f) allows for
continuation of approval after a change of ownership if application is
made for an appropriate amendment to the approval and no change in the
facilities, personnel, or approved aircraft dispatcher course is
involved. The other change requires that the Administrator must be
notified in writing within 10 days of any changes in ownership, name,
or location. The current rule requires notification of a change in
location ``without delay.'' This change avoids differing
interpretations of how much time is allowed.
In addition, Sec. 65.63 has been reorganized from the NPRM for
clarification and to make it consistent with other parts of 14 CFR
(e.g., 14 CFR 141).
Section 65.65 Aircraft Dispatcher Certification Courses: Training
Facilities
Section 65.65 is a new section that prescribes the training
facilities necessary to operate an approved school. This section is
based primarily on material that is provided for in appendix A. The
section adds a requirement that the training facility must be located
so that the students in that facility are not distracted by the
instruction conducted in other rooms. This requirement aligns this
section with part 141 of this chapter.
Section 65.67 Aircraft Dispatcher Certification Courses: Instruction
Section 65.67 is a new section that prescribes instruction
requirements necessary to operate an approved school that are mostly
based on material that is provided for in appendix A. The maximum
student-teacher ratio remains unchanged at 25 to 1.
Section 65.70 Aircraft Dispatcher Certification Courses: Records
Section 65.70 is a new section that prescribes recordkeeping
requirements based on material currently provided for in appendix A. A
change, however, allows schools to discard records after 3 years so
that recordkeeping does not become a burden. This change could result
in significant cost savings to dispatcher schools since a literal
reading of the current regulations requires these records to be
retained indefinitely.
Appendix A to Part 65--Aircraft Dispatcher Certification Courses
The overview paragraph introduces the specific minimum set of
topics that must be covered in an aircraft dispatcher training course
and contains general information about those courses.
The individual subject hourly requirements (e.g., Federal Aviation
Regulations, 15 classroom hours; meteorology, 75 classroom hours) are
eliminated, and in their place a total course-hour minimum is included
in Sec. 61.61(a) as discussed above.
A word-by-word comparison of new appendix A with current appendix A
might make it appear that this regulation is adding to the subject
areas to be covered. However, the FAA understands that as a practical
matter, training schools, partially through the use of the PTS guide,
are in fact covering the subject areas listed in the new requirements.
In addition, by using modern teaching methods and training aids, it is
possible to cover the proposed curriculum without an increase in
overall teaching hours.
The new curriculum is considered necessary because of the important
role of the aircraft dispatcher in maintaining safety of flight
operations. The aircraft dispatcher and the pilot in command are
jointly responsible for the authorization and control of a flight in
accordance with applicable regulations and air carrier procedures. This
responsibility extends from the preparation for a flight to its
conclusion, and includes dealing with emergency situations.
Many of the dispatcher's tasks require familiarity in dealing with
specific regulations and air carrier procedures. Others require
exercising judgment to deal with unique aspects of a situation.
Virtually all of these problem-solving activities require skill in
working with the flight crew, Air Traffic Control, and members of the
Air Carrier Operations Control and Maintenance staff.
Regulations
In addition to the parts currently covered (subpart C of part 65
and parts 25, 91, 121), a course has to cover parts 1, 61, 71, 139, and
175 of chapter I of 14 CFR as well as part 830 of the regulations of
the National Transportation Safety Board, ``Rules Pertaining to
Aircraft Accidents, Incidents, Overdue Aircraft, and Safety
Investigation.'' Another addition to appendix A training requirements
is training on the ``General Operating Manual,'' that is, training on
the common features of a typical certificate holder's manual.
Meteorology
Meteorology is sub-divided into three subject headings: (1) Basic
Weather Studies; (2) Weather, Analysis, and Forecasts; and (3) Weather
Related Hazards. The subject of meteorology, due to its importance, is
updated and expanded to provide greater detail for instructional
guidance.
Navigation
Navigation is expanded to provide an introduction to international
flight planning procedures and limitations.
Aircraft
Aircraft is updated to provide expanded systems training to ensure
proper application of this knowledge.
Communications
Communications is expanded to include data link communications as
well as sources of aeronautical information.
Air Traffic Control
Air traffic control is expanded to encompass areas of air traffic
management.
Emergency and Abnormal Procedures
This new section addresses security; in particular, identifying,
declaring, and reporting emergencies.
Practical Dispatch Applications
This section replaces the old practical dispatching section.
Practical dispatch applications introduce the dispatch candidate to
human factors as applied to decisionmaking, human error, and teamwork.
The ``applied dispatching'' sub-section provides the student with
methods of application for all previous subject matter.
To ensure that future technological advancements are taught, this
appendix is linked to the PTS guide. The PTS is periodically revised,
whereas regulatory
[[Page 68921]]
changes may not keep up with technological advancements.
Discussion of Comments
Five comments were received in response to Notice No. 98-14 (63 FR
55920; October 19, 1998). The comments were from: Airline Ground
Schools (AGS); Academy Education Center (AEC), Inc; Timothy C.
Antolovic, Dispatch Working Group Chairperson; Flight Control Academy
(FCA); and Air Line Pilots Association, International (ALPA). All but
AEC explicitly stated they supported the NPRM, although several
commenters suggested minor revisions discussed more fully below. AEC
did not state whether or not it supported the NPRM and submitted
suggested revisions discussed more fully below.
Section 61.51: AEC stated that this section does not address
certificate expiration, refresher training, bi-annual reviews, desk
audits, etc.
FAA Response: Training and reviews are included in 14 CFR part 121.
The FAA notes that dispatcher certificates do not expire, but they must
be kept current in order to exercise the privileges of the certificate.
The currency requirements are included in 14 CFR part 121.
Section 61.53: AEC recommended that if a candidate is under 23
years of age and passes the knowledge and practical exams, a form
should be provided to officially record that the candidate is eligible
for a certificate at age 23. In addition, AEC stated that limitations
should be permitted to be placed on an individual's flight dispatcher
certificate based on medical conditions. It also stated that guidelines
should be provided regarding operating limitations.
FAA response: The FAA does not believe such a form should be
required since knowledge test results are valid for 2 years. Regarding
medical limitations on certificates, the FAA has determined that a
dispatcher certificate should remain unrestricted. Medical limitations,
such as those on pilot certificates, are not appropriate in the
dispatcher environment.
Section 65.55: AEC suggested identifying FAA-Authorized ADX
Computerized test.
FAA Response: The FAA does not intend to use specific terms such as
the ADX computerized test in order to allow for changes in technology.
In addition, ``knowledge test'' would encompass the ADX computerized
test.
Section 65.57: AGS, while stating it was in agreement with the
proposal, disagreed with excluding ATP-rated pilots who gained
experience in other than military or part 121 operations, as an air
traffic controller, or as a flight service specialist. It stated that
it would not discriminate between military experience (no FAA ATP
certificate) and civilian ATP experience. AGS also suggested that
foreign air carrier pilots operating under part 129 meet the minimum
requirements for consideration of substitution of experience. It stated
that such pilots are required to be dispatched by a licensed US
dispatcher to or from the United States. Finally, AGS stated that any
ATP-rated pilot can request a dispatcher checkride from an FAA Flight
Standards District Office (FSDO) when he/she has passed the knowledge
exam by simply recommending himself/herself. It stated that this
procedure should not be changed.
In addition, AEC suggested changing the term ``Administrator'' to
``FAA FSDO Administrator'' in order to differentiate between the FAA
administrator and Aircraft Dispatcher training school administrator.
FCA recommended that credit should be offered to all Canadian
dispatchers who have completed the Transport Canada curriculum or that
a bilateral agreement be established that would allow the knowledge
testing to be waived for personnel of both the U.S. and Canada who have
passed these tests in their respective countries. FCA also stated that
a practical test could be given by an approved school or agency and
upon satisfactory completion of the practical test, the license for
either country would be issued.
FAA Response: Regarding AGS's concern that the proposal
discriminates between experience gained in military operations and
civilian ATP operations, the FAA finds that dispatch systems are not
required under operations conducted under part 91 and part 135.
Therefore, such experience does not offer the same level of experience
regarding dispatchers as military operations or operations conducted
under part 121.
Regarding AGS's suggestion that foreign air carrier pilots
operating under part 129 meet the minimum requirements for
consideration of substitution of experience, the FAA notes that part
129 does not require the use of aircraft dispatchers. Therefore, no
change is being made from the proposal.
Regarding AGS's comment about allowing an ATP-rated pilot to
request a dispatcher checkride from an FAA FSDO after passing the
knowledge exam and recommending himself or herself, the FAA notes that
it did not propose any change to this practice, as long as the ATP-
rated pilot meets the experience requirements of 65.57.
In response to AEC's suggestion to change the term
``Administrator'', the FAA notes that this is the term that is used
throughout 14 CFR. The FAA needs to be consistent throughout our
requirements. Therefore, the term ``Administrator'' remains in the rule
language.
In addition, the FAA notes that FCA's comments regarding Canada are
beyond the scope of this rulemaking.
Section 65.61: AEC recommended using the term ``air carrier''
instead of ``course operator in Sec. 65.61(c).'' ALPA noted that the
terminology ``a minimum of 200 total course hours'' is not clear
whether it means ``classroom hours'' or could include other ``hours''
such as computer based training.
FAA Response: The term ``course operator'' is correct in this
context since the course operator is conducting the course under 14 CFR
part 65, not 14 CFR part 121. Regarding ALPA's comment, the FAA has
changed the rule language from ``a minimum of 200 total course hours''
to ``a minimum of 200 hours of instruction'' to clarify that a portion
of those hours could include hours from computer based training.
Appendix A: AGS suggested that Computerized Flight Plan training be
specifically included.
FAA Response: The FAA finds that Computerized Flight Plan training
is not appropriate to specifically include in general areas of
knowledge, since most air carriers have their own sophisticated
computerized flight planning system. Manual flight plan training is
needed in part 65, appendix A, ``Courses'' to understand the general
concepts of flight planning. Specific knowledge in individual carrier's
computerized programs is gained through training required under part
121.
Paperwork Reduction Act
Sections 65.63 and 65.70 contain information reporting,
recordkeeping, and 3rd party notification requirements. As required by
the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C. 3507(d)), the FAA has
submitted a copy of these sections to the Office of Management and
Budget for its review. The collection of information was approved and
assigned OMB Control Number 2120-0648. No comments were received on
this information collection submission. An agency may not conduct or
sponsor and a person is not required to respond to a collection of
information unless it displays a currently valid Office of Management
and Budget (OMB) control number.
[[Page 68922]]
Section 65.63(a) requires that application for original approval of
an aircraft dispatcher certification course or the renewal of approval
of an aircraft dispatcher certification course must be made in writing
to the Administrator; accompanied by two copies of the course outline
required under Sec. 65.61(b) for which approval is sought; accompanied
by a description of the equipment and facilities to be used; and
accompanied by a list of the instructors and their qualifications. This
information is necessary for the FAA to evaluate the applicant's
qualifications and compliance with the requirements of proposed subpart
C of part 63.
Section 65.63(c) requires that application for renewal of an
approved aircraft dispatcher certification course must be made within
30 days preceding the month the approval expires. This will allow the
FAA time to review the course operator's performance and continued
qualification for course approval.
Section 65.63(e) requires that a course operator who desires
voluntary cancellation of an approved course must send a letter to the
Administrator. This will provide the FAA with documentation showing the
reason for the cancellation. After the course has been canceled, the
operator is required to send any records to the FAA that the
Administrator requests so that they will be available if needed.
Section 65.63(f) requires that 10 days after the date any change in
ownership of the school occurs application is made for an appropriate
amendment to the approval.
The FAA estimates the annual recordkeeping burden for Sec. 65.63 to
be 71 hours per year.
Section 65.70 requires that course operators keep a chronological
log for 3 years of all instructors, subjects covered, and course
examinations and results. In addition, the course operator must
transmit to the Administrator, not later than January 31 of each year,
a report for the previous year that lists the names of all students who
graduated, together with the results of their aircraft dispatcher
certification courses and the names of all the students who failed or
withdrew, together with the results of their aircraft dispatcher
certification courses or the reasons for their withdrawal. These
requirements are necessary for the FAA to evaluate the quality of the
course and the operator's compliance with part 65.
Section 65.70(b) requires the course operator to provide a written
statement of graduation to each student who successfully completes the
approved course. This requirement is necessary so that the student has
documentation of his or her qualification to serve as an aircraft
dispatcher.
The FAA estimates the annual recordkeeping burden for Sec. 65.70
compliance to be 1440 hours per year.
The annual reporting and recordkeeping burden for each aircraft
dispatcher certification course operator has not changed as a result of
this rulemaking. However, each aircraft dispatcher certification
operator will be required to update the course curriculum and training
outline, which will be a one time occurrence of up to 80 hours.
Compatibility With ICAO Standards
In keeping with U.S. obligations under the Convention on
International Civil Aviation, it is FAA policy to comply with
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Standards and
Recommended Practices to the maximum extent practicable. The FAA has
reviewed the corresponding ICAO Standards and Recommended Practices and
has identified no differences with these proposed regulations.
Regulatory Evaluation Summary
Proposed and final rule changes to Federal regulations must undergo
several economic analyses. First, Executive Order 12866 directs that
each Federal agency shall propose or adopt a regulation only upon a
reasoned determination that the benefits of the intended regulation
justify its costs. Second, the Regulatory Flexibility Act of 1980
requires agencies to analyze the economic effect of regulatory changes
on small entities. Third, the Office of Management and Budget directs
agencies to assess the effect of regulatory changes on international
trade. In conducting these analyses, the Federal Aviation
Administration (FAA) has determined that the final rule will generate
benefits that justify its costs and is not ``a significant regulatory
action'' as defined in the Executive Order or Department of
Transportation Regulatory Policies and Procedures. The final rule will
not have a significant impact on a substantial number of small entities
and will not constitute a barrier to international trade. In addition,
this final rule does not contain any Federal intergovernmental
mandates, but does contain a private sector mandate. However, because
expenditures by the private sector will not exceed $100 million
annually, the requirements of Title II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform
Act of 1995 do not apply.
This rule amends existing regulations that define the qualification
and certification requirements for aircraft dispatchers. Current
regulations prescribing these requirements do not reflect the
significant technological advances that have occurred in the aviation
industry and the enhancements in training and instructional methods
that have affected all aircraft dispatchers.
The FAA has determined that the final rule has little affect on
aviation industry costs, but results in minor cost savings for
dispatcher schools by relieving them of the burden to retain records
indefinitely. Additionally, the rule consolidates and clarifies
eligibility, knowledge, experience, and skill requirements among
aircraft dispatchers.
Ordinarily, a full regulatory evaluation of the potential monetary
costs that would be imposed and benefits that would be generated is
prepared for all FAA rulemaking actions. For this final rule, however,
a full regulatory evaluation is unwarranted because little costs will
be imposed on the U.S. aviation community. Thus, the FAA has not
prepared a full regulatory evaluation for the docket.
Regulatory Flexibility Determination
The Regulatory Flexibility Act of 1980 establishes ``as a principle
of regulatory issuance that agencies shall endeavor, consistent with
the objective of the rule and of applicable statutes, to fit regulatory
and informational requirements to the scale of the business,
organizations, and governmental jurisdictions subject to regulation.''
To achieve that principal, the Act requires agencies to solicit and
consider flexible regulatory proposals and to explain the rationale for
their actions. The Act covers a wide-range of small entities, including
small businesses, not-for-profit organizations and small governmental
jurisdictions.
Agencies must perform a review to determine whether a proposed or
final rule will have a significant economic impact on a substantial
number of small entities. If the determination is that it will, the
agency must prepare a regulatory flexibility analysis (RFA) as
described in the Act.
However, if an agency determines that a proposed or final rule is
not expected to have a significant economic impact on a substantial
number of small entities, section 605(b) of the 1980 act provides that
the head of the agency may so certify and an RFA is not required. The
certification must include a statement providing the factual basis for
this determination, and the reasoning should be clear.
[[Page 68923]]
This rule will impact entities regulated by Part 65. This final
rule will not impose any additional costs on small entities covered by
these changes to Part 65. Accordingly, the Federal Aviation
Administration certifies that this rule will not have a significant
economic impact on a substantial number of small entities.
International Trade Impact Assessment
This final rule will not impose a competitive disadvantage to
either U.S. air carriers doing business abroad or foreign air carriers
doing business in the United States. This assessment is based on the
fact that this rule will not impose any additional costs on the
aviation industry. This final rule will have no effect on the sale of
foreign aviation products or services in the United States, nor will it
affect the sale of United States aviation products or services in
foreign countries.
Federalism Implications
The regulations herein will not have a substantial direct effect on
the States, on the relationship between the national Government and the
States, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities among the
various levels of government. Therefore, in accordance with Executive
Order 12612, it is determined that this rule will not have sufficient
federalism implications to warrant the preparation of a federalism
assessment.
Energy Impact
The energy impact of this final rule has been assessed in
accordance with the Energy Policy and Conservation Act (EPCA) and
Public Law 94-163, as amended (42 U.S.C. 6362). It has been determined
that this proposed rule is not a major regulatory action under the
provisions of the EPCA.
List of Subjects in 14 CFR Part 65
Air traffic controllers, Aircraft, Aircraft dispatchers, Airmen,
Airports, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.
The Amendment
In consideration of the foregoing, the Federal Aviation
Administration amends part 65, Chapter I, Code of Federal Regulations,
as follows:
PART 65--CERTIFICATION: AIRMEN OTHER THAN FLIGHT CREWMEMBERS
1. The authority citation for part 65 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40113, 44701-44703, 44707, 44709-
44711, 45102-45103, 45301-45302.
2. Subpart C of part 65 is revised to read as follows:
Subpart C--Aircraft Dispatchers
Sec.
65.51 Certificate required.
65.53 Eligibility requirements: General.
65.55 Knowledge requirements.
65.57 Experience or training requirements.
65.59 Skill requirements.
65.61 Aircraft dispatcher certification courses: Content and
minimum hours.
65.63 Aircraft dispatcher certification courses: Application,
duration, and other general requirements.
65.65 Aircraft dispatcher certification courses: Training
facilities.
65.67 Aircraft dispatcher certification courses: Personnel.
65.70 Aircraft dispatcher certification courses: Records.
Subpart C--Aircraft Dispatchers
Sec. 65.51 Certificate required.
(a) No person may act as an aircraft dispatcher (exercising
responsibility with the pilot in command in the operational control of
a flight) in connection with any civil aircraft in air commerce unless
that person has in his or her personal possession an aircraft
dispatcher certificate issued under this subpart.
(b) Each person who holds an aircraft dispatcher certificate must
present it for inspection upon the request of the Administrator or an
authorized representative of the National Transportation Safety Board,
or of any Federal, State, or local law enforcement officer.
Sec. 65.53 Eligibility requirements: General.
(a) To be eligible to take the aircraft dispatcher knowledge test,
a person must be at least 21 years of age.
(b) To be eligible for an aircraft dispatcher certificate, a person
must--
(1) Be at least 23 years of age;
(2) Be able to read, speak, write, and understand the English
language;
(3) Pass the required knowledge test prescribed by Sec. 65.55 of
this part;
(4) Pass the required practical test prescribed by Sec. 65.59 of
this part; and
(5) Comply with the requirements of Sec. 65.57 of this part.
Sec. 65.55 Knowledge requirements.
(a) A person who applies for an aircraft dispatcher certificate
must pass a knowledge test on the following aeronautical knowledge
areas:
(1) Applicable Federal Aviation Regulations of this chapter that
relate to airline transport pilot privileges, limitations, and flight
operations;
(2) Meteorology, including knowledge of and effects of fronts,
frontal characteristics, cloud formations, icing, and upper-air data;
(3) General system of weather and NOTAM collection, dissemination,
interpretation, and use;
(4) Interpretation and use of weather charts, maps, forecasts,
sequence reports, abbreviations, and symbols;
(5) National Weather Service functions as they pertain to
operations in the National Airspace System;
(6) Windshear and microburst awareness, identification, and
avoidance;
(7) Principles of air navigation under instrument meteorological
conditions in the National Airspace System;
(8) Air traffic control procedures and pilot responsibilities as
they relate to enroute operations, terminal area and radar operations,
and instrument departure and approach procedures;
(9) Aircraft loading, weight and balance, use of charts, graphs,
tables, formulas, and computations, and their effect on aircraft
performance;
(10) Aerodynamics relating to an aircraft's flight characteristics
and performance in normal and abnormal flight regimes;
(11) Human factors;
(12) Aeronautical decision making and judgment; and
(13) Crew resource management, including crew communication and
coordination.
(b) The applicant must present documentary evidence satisfactory to
the administrator of having passed an aircraft dispatcher knowledge
test within the preceding 24 calendar months.
Sec. 65.57 Experience or training requirements.
An applicant for an aircraft dispatcher certificate must present
documentary evidence satisfactory to the Administrator that he or she
has the experience prescribed in paragraph (a) of this section or has
accomplished the training described in paragraph (b) of this section as
follows:
(a) A total of at least 2 years experience in the 3 years before
the date of application, in any one or in any combination of the
following areas:
(1) In military aircraft operations as a--
(i) Pilot;
(ii) Flight navigator; or
(iii) Meteorologist.
(2) In aircraft operations conducted under part 121 of this chapter
as--
(i) An assistant in dispatching air carrier aircraft, under the
direct supervision of a dispatcher certificated under this subpart;
(ii) A pilot;
(iii) A flight engineer; or
(iv) A meteorologist.
[[Page 68924]]
(3) In aircraft operations as--
(i) An Air Traffic Controller; or
(ii) A Flight Service Specialist.
(4) In aircraft operations, performing other duties that the
Administrator finds provide equivalent experience.
(b) A statement of graduation issued or revalidated in accordance
with Sec. 65.70(b) of this part, showing that the person has
successfully completed an approved aircraft dispatcher course.
Sec. 65.59 Skill requirements.
An applicant for an aircraft dispatcher certificate must pass a
practical test given by the Administrator, with respect to any one type
of large aircraft used in air carrier operations. The practical test
must be based on the aircraft dispatcher practical test standards, as
published by the FAA, on the items outlined in appendix A of this part.
Sec. 65.61 Aircraft dispatcher certification courses: Content and
minimum hours.
(a) An approved aircraft dispatcher certification course must:
(1) Provide instruction in the areas of knowledge and topics listed
in appendix A of this part;
(2) Include a minimum of 200 hours of instruction.
(b) An applicant for approval of an aircraft dispatcher course must
submit an outline that describes the major topics and subtopics to be
covered and the number of hours proposed for each.
(c) Additional subject headings for an aircraft dispatcher
certification course may also be included, however the hours proposed
for any subjects not listed in appendix A of this part must be in
addition to the minimum 200 course hours required in paragraph (a) of
this section.
(d) For the purpose of completing an approved course, a student may
substitute previous experience or training for a portion of the minimum
200 hours of training. The course operator determines the number of
hours of credit based on an evaluation of the experience or training to
determine if it is comparable to portions of the approved course
curriculum. The credit allowed, including the total hours and the basis
for it, must be placed in the student's record required by
Sec. 65.70(a) of this part.
Sec. 65.63 Aircraft dispatcher certification courses: Application,
duration, and other general requirements.
(a) Application. Application for original approval of an aircraft
dispatcher certification course or the renewal of approval of an
aircraft dispatcher certification course under this part must be:
(1) Made in writing to the Administrator;
(2) Accompanied by two copies of the course outline required under
Sec. 65.61(b) of this part, for which approval is sought;
(3) Accompanied by a description of the equipment and facilities to
be used; and
(4) Accompanied by a list of the instructors and their
qualifications.
(b) Duration. Unless withdrawn or canceled, an approval of an
aircraft dispatcher certification course of study expires:
(1) On the last day of the 24th month from the month the approval
was issued; or
(2) Except as provided in paragraph (f) of this section, on the
date that any change in ownership of the school occurs.
(c) Renewal. Application for renewal of an approved aircraft
dispatcher certification course must be made within 30 days preceding
the month the approval expires, provided the course operator meets the
following requirements:
(1) At least 80 percent of the graduates from that aircraft
dispatcher certification course, who applied for the practical test
required by Sec. 65.59 of this part, passed the practical test on their
first attempt; and
(2) The aircraft dispatcher certification course continues to meet
the requirements of this subpart for course approval.
(d) Course revisions. Requests for approval of a revision of the
course outline, facilities, or equipment must be in accordance with
paragraph (a) of this section. Proposed revisions of the course outline
or the description of facilities and equipment must be submitted in a
format that will allow an entire page or pages of the approved outline
or description to be removed and replaced by any approved revision. The
list of instructors may be revised at any time without request for
approval, provided the minimum requirements of Sec. 65.67 of this part
are maintained and the Administrator is notified in writing.
(e) Withdrawal or cancellation of approval. Failure to continue to
meet the requirements of this subpart for the approval or operation of
an approved aircraft dispatcher certification course is grounds for
withdrawal of approval of the course. A course operator may request
cancellation of course approval by a letter to the Administrator. The
operator must forward any records to the FAA as requested by the
Administrator.
(f) Change in ownership. A change in ownership of a part 65,
appendix A-approved course does not terminate that aircraft dispatcher
certification course approval if, within 10 days after the date that
any change in ownership of the school occurs:
(1) Application is made for an appropriate amendment to the
approval; and
(2) No change in the facilities, personnel, or approved aircraft
dispatcher certification course is involved.
(g) Change in name or location. A change in name or location of an
approved aircraft dispatcher certification course does not invalidate
the approval if, within 10 days after the date that any change in name
or location occurs, the course operator of the part 65, appendix A-
approved course notifies the Administrator, in writing, of the change.
Sec. 65.65 Aircraft dispatcher certification courses: Training
facilities.
An applicant for approval of authority to operate an aircraft
dispatcher course of study must have facilities, equipment, and
materials adequate to provide each student the theoretical and
practical aspects of aircraft dispatching. Each room, training booth,
or other space used for instructional purposes must be temperature
controlled, lighted, and ventilated to conform to local building,
sanitation, and health codes. In addition, the training facility must
be so located that the students in that facility are not distracted by
the instruction conducted in other rooms.
Sec. 65.67 Aircraft dispatcher certification courses: Personnel.
(a) Each applicant for an aircraft dispatcher certification course
must meet the following personnel requirements:
(1) Each applicant must have adequate personnel, including one
instructor who holds an aircraft dispatcher certificate and is
available to coordinate all training course instruction.
(2) Each applicant must not exceed a ratio of 25 students for one
instructor.
(b) The instructor who teaches the practical dispatch applications
area of the appendix A course must hold an aircraft dispatchers
certificate
Sec. 65.70 Aircraft dispatcher certification courses: Records.
(a) The operator of an aircraft dispatcher course must maintain a
record for each student, including a chronological log of all
instructors, subjects covered, and course examinations and results. The
record must be retained for at least 3 years after graduation. The
course operator also
[[Page 68925]]
must prepare, for its records, and transmit to the Administrator not
later than January 31 of each year, a report containing the following
information for the previous year:
(1) The names of all students who graduated, together with the
results of their aircraft dispatcher certification courses.
(2) The names of all the students who failed or withdrew, together
with the results of their aircraft dispatcher certification courses or
the reasons for their withdrawal.
(b) Each student who successfully completes the approved aircraft
dispatcher certification course must be given a written statement of
graduation, which is valid for 90 days. After 90 days, the course
operator may revalidate the graduation certificate for an additional 90
days if the course operator determines that the student remains
proficient in the subject areas listed in appendix A of this part.
3. Appendix A to part 65 is revised to read as follows:
Appendix A to Part 65--Aircraft Dispatcher Courses
Overview
This appendix sets forth the areas of knowledge necessary to
perform dispatcher functions. The items listed below indicate the
minimum set of topics that must be covered in a training course for
aircraft dispatcher certification. The order of coverage is at the
discretion of the approved school. For the latest technological
advancements refer to the Practical Test Standards as published by
the FAA.
I. Regulations
A. Subpart C of this part;
B. Parts 1, 25, 61, 71, 91, 121, 139, and 175, of this chapter;
C. 49 CFR part 830;
D. General Operating Manual.
II. Meteorology
A. Basic Weather Studies
(1) The earth's motion and its effects on weather.
(2) Analysis of the following regional weather types,
characteristics, and structures, or combinations thereof:
(a) Maritime.
(b) Continental.
(c) Polar.
(d) Tropical.
(3) Analysis of the following local weather types,
characteristics, and structures or combinations thereof:
(a) Coastal.
(b) Mountainous.
(c) Island.
(d) Plains.
(4) The following characteristics of the atmosphere:
(a) Layers.
(b) Composition.
(c) Global Wind Patterns.
(d) Ozone.
(5) Pressure:
(a) Units of Measure.
(b) Weather Systems Characteristics.
(c) Temperature Effects on Pressure.
(d) Altimeters.
(e) Pressure Gradient Force.
(f) Pressure Pattern Flying Weather.
(6) Wind:
(a) Major Wind Systems and Coriolis Force.
(b) Jetstreams and their Characteristics.
(c) Local Wind and Related Terms.
(7) States of Matter:
(a) Solids, Liquid, and Gases.
(b) Causes of change of state.
(8) Clouds:
(a) Composition, Formation, and Dissipation.
(b) Types and Associated Precipitation.
(c) Use of Cloud Knowledge in Forecasting.
(9) Fog:
(a) Causes, Formation, and Dissipation.
(b) Types.
(10) Ice:
(a) Causes, Formation, and Dissipation.
(b) Types.
(11) Stability/Instability:
(a) Temperature Lapse Rate, Convection.
(b) Adiabatic Processes.
(c) Lifting Processes.
(d) Divergence.
(e) Convergence.
(12) Turbulence:
(a) Jetstream Associated.
(b) Pressure Pattern Recognition.
(c) Low Level Windshear.
(d) Mountain Waves.
(e) Thunderstorms.
(f) Clear Air Turbulence.
(13) Airmasses:
(a) Classification and Characteristics.
(b) Source Regions.
(c) Use of Airmass Knowledge in Forecasting.
(14) Fronts:
(a) Structure and Characteristics, Both Vertical and Horizontal.
(b) Frontal Types.
(c) Frontal Weather Flying.
(15) Theory of Storm Systems:
(a) Thunderstorms.
(b) Tornadoes.
(c) Hurricanes and Typhoons.
(d) Microbursts.
(e) Causes, Formation, and Dissipation.
B. Weather, Analysis, and Forecasts
(1) Observations:
(a) Surface Observations.
(i) Observations made by certified weather observer.
(ii) Automated Weather Observations.
(b) Terminal Forecasts.
(c) Significant En route Reports and Forecasts.
(i) Pilot Reports.
(ii) Area Forecasts.
(iii) Sigmets, Airmets.
(iv) Center Weather Advisories.
(d) Weather Imagery.
(i) Surface Analysis.
(ii) Weather Depiction.
(iii) Significant Weather Prognosis.
(iv) Winds and Temperature Aloft.
(v) Tropopause Chart.
(vi) Composite Moisture Stability Chart.
(vii) Surface Weather Prognostic Chart.
(viii) Radar Meteorology.
(ix) Satellite Meteorology.
(x) Other charts as applicable.
(e) Meteorological Information Data Collection Systems.
(2) Data Collection, Analysis, and Forecast Facilities.
(3) Service Outlets Providing Aviation Weather Products.
C. Weather Related Aircraft Hazards
(1) Crosswinds and Gusts.
(2) Contaminated Runways.
(3) Restrictions to Surface Visibility.
(4) Turbulence and Windshear.
(5) Icing.
(6) Thunderstorms and Microburst.
(7) Volcanic Ash.
III. Navigation
A. Study of the Earth
(1) Time reference and location (0 Longitude, UTC).
(2) Definitions.
(3) Projections.
(4) Charts.
B. Chart Reading, Application, and Use.
C. National Airspace Plan.
D. Navigation Systems.
E. Airborne Navigation Instruments.
F. Instrument Approach Procedures.
(1) Transition Procedures.
(2) Precision Approach Procedures.
(3) Non-precision Approach Procedures.
(4) Minimums and the relationship to weather.
G. Special Navigation and Operations.
(1) North Atlantic.
(2) Pacific.
(3) Global Differences.
IV. AIRCRAFT
A. Aircraft Flight Manual.
B. Systems Overview.
(1) Flight controls.
(2) Hydraulics.
(3) Electrical.
(4) Air Conditioning and Pressurization.
(5) Ice and Rain protection.
(6) Avionics, Communication, and Navigation.
(7) Powerplants and Auxiliary Power Units.
(8) Emergency and Abnormal Procedures.
(9) Fuel Systems and Sources.
C. Minimum Equipment List/Configuration Deviation List (MEL/CDL)
and Applications.
D. Performance.
(1) Aircraft in general.
(2) Principles of flight:
(a) Group one aircraft.
(b) Group two aircraft.
(3) Aircraft Limitations.
(4) Weight and Balance.
(5) Flight instrument errors.
(6) Aircraft performance:
(a) Take-off performance.
(b) En route performance.
(c) Landing performance.
V. Communications
A. Regulatory requirements.
B. Communication Protocol.
C. Voice and Data Communications.
D. Notice to Airmen (NOTAMS).
E. Aeronautical Publications.
F. Abnormal Procedures.
VI. Air Traffic Control
A. Responsibilities.
B. Facilities and Equipment.
C. Airspace classification and route structure.
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D. Flight Plans.
(1) Domestic.
(2) International.
E. Separation Minimums.
F. Priority Handling.
G. Holding Procedures.
H. Traffic Management.
VII. Emergency and Abnormal Procedures
A. Security measures on the ground.
B. Security measures in the air.
C. FAA responsibility and services.
D. Collection and dissemination of information on overdue or
missing aircraft.
E. Means of declaring an emergency.
F. Responsibility for declaring an emergency.
G. Required reporting of an emergency.
H. NTSB reporting requirements.
VIII. Practical Dispatch Applications
A. Human Factors.
(1) Decisionmaking:
(a) Situation Assessment.
(b) Generation and Evaluation of Alternatives.
(i) Tradeoffs and Prioritization.
(ii) Contingency Planning.
(c) Support Tools and Technologies.
(2) Human Error:
(a) Causes.
(i) Individual and Organizational Factors.
(ii) Technology-Induced Error.
(b) Prevention.
(c) Detection and Recovery.
(3) Teamwork:
(a) Communication and Information Exchange.
(b) Cooperative and Distributed Problem-Solving.
(c) Resource Management.
(i) Air Traffic Control (ATC) activities and workload.
(ii) Flightcrew activities and workload.
(iii) Maintenance activities and workload.
(iv) Operations Control Staff activities and workload.
B. Applied Dispatching.
(1) Briefing techniques, Dispatcher, Pilot.
(2) Preflight:
(a) Safety.
(b) Weather Analysis.
(i) Satellite imagery.
(ii) Upper and lower altitude charts.
(iii) Significant en route reports and forecasts.
(iv) Surface charts.
(v) Surface observations.
(vi) Terminal forecasts and orientation to Enhanced Weather
Information System (EWINS).
(c) NOTAMS and airport conditions.
(d) Crew.
(i) Qualifications.
(ii) Limitations.
(e) Aircraft.
(i) Systems.
(ii) Navigation instruments and avionics systems.
(iii) Flight instruments.
(iv) Operations manuals and MEL/CDL.
(v) Performance and limitations.
(f) Flight Planning.
(i) Route of flight.
1. Standard Instrument Departures and Standard Terminal Arrival
Routes.
2. En route charts.
3. Operational altitude.
4. Departure and arrival charts.
(ii) Minimum departure fuel.
1. Climb.
2. Cruise.
3. Descent.
(g) Weight and balance.
(h) Economics of flight overview (Performance, Fuel Tankering).
(i) Decision to operate the flight.
(j) ATC flight plan filing.
(k) Flight documentation.
(i) Flight plan.
(ii) Dispatch release.
(3) Authorize flight departure with concurrence of pilot in
command.
(4) In-flight operational control:
(a) Current situational awareness.
(b) Information exchange.
(c) Amend original flight release as required.
(5) Post-Flight:
(a) Arrival verification.
(b) Weather debrief.
(c) Flight irregularity reports as required.
Issued in Washington, DC, on December 2, 1999.
Jane F. Garvey,
Administrator.
[FR Doc. 99-31707 Filed 12-7-99; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4910-13-P
