[Federal Register Volume 63, Number 31 (Tuesday, February 17, 1998)]
[Notices]
[Pages 7858-8014]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 98-3600]
[[Page 7857]]
_______________________________________________________________________
Part II
Environmental Protection Agency
_______________________________________________________________________
Reissuance of NPDES General Permits for Storm Water Discharges From
Construction Activities; Notice
Federal Register / Vol. 63, No. 31 / Tuesday, February 17, 1998 /
Notices
[[Page 7858]]
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
[FRL-5965-9]
Reissuance of NPDES General Permits for Storm Water Discharges
From Construction Activities
AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
ACTION: Notice of final NPDES general permits.
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SUMMARY: The Regional Administrators of Regions 1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9 and 10
are today issuing final National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
(NPDES) general permits for storm water discharges associated with
construction activity. EPA first issued permits for these activities in
September 1992. These permits subsequently expired in September 1997.
Today's permits, which replace the expired permits, authorize the
discharge of pollutants in storm water runoff from construction
activities in accordance with the terms and conditions of these
permits. Hereinafter, the terms ``permit'' or ``construction general
permit'' or ``CGP'' will replace ``permits'' for reasons of readability
(the pluralized form is technically more proper, denoting the issuance
of separate general permits in each of the Regions listed above).
DATES: This general permit shall be effective on February 17, 1998.
This effective date is necessary to provide dischargers with the
immediate opportunity to comply with CWA requirements in light of the
recent expiration of the previous general permit for storm water
discharges associated with construction activity. Deadlines for
submittal of Notices of Intent (NOIs) are provided in section V, Part
II.A, of the Fact Sheet and Part II.A of the general permit. Today's
general permit also provides additional dates for compliance with the
terms of the permit.
ADDRESSES: The index to the administrative record for this permit is
available at the appropriate Regional Office or from the EPA Water
Docket in Washington, DC. The complete administrative record is located
at the Water Docket, MC-4101, U.S. EPA, 401 M Street SW, Washington, DC
20460. Copies of information in the record are available upon request.
A reasonable fee may be charged for copying. Specific record
information can also be made available at the appropriate Regional
Office upon request.
NOTICE OF INTENT FORMS: A Notice of Intent (NOI) form must be submitted
to obtain coverage for storm water discharges under this permit. Until
the U.S. Office of Management and Budget (OMB) approves and the EPA
publishes a revised NOI form designed specifically for this permit,
operators of storm water discharges associated with construction
activity must use the existing NOI form to obtain permit coverage. Upon
publication of the revised NOI form in the Federal Register, operators
must use the revised form to obtain coverage under the Construction
General Permit.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: For further information on the NPDES
Construction General Permit, call the EPA Regions 6 and 2 Storm Water
Hotline at 1-800-245-6510, or your EPA Regional storm water
coordinator. Information is also available through the Internet on the
EPA's Office of Wastewater Management web site at ``http://www.epa.gov/
owm/cgp.htm'' and at the various EPA Regional Office Internet web
sites.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Contents
I. Introduction
II. Answers to Common Questions
III. Coverage Provided by General Permits
IV. Summary of Options for Controlling Pollutants
V. Summary of Permit Conditions
VI. Endangered Species Protection
VII. Historic Properties Protection
VIII. Summary of Responses to Comments on the Proposed Permit
IX. Cost Estimates
X. Regulatory Review (Executive Order 12866)
XI. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act
XII. Paperwork Reduction Act
XIII. Regulatory Flexibility Act
XIV. Official Signatures
I. Introduction
The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is
reissuing the general permit which authorizes the discharge of
pollutants in storm water associated with construction activity. As
used in this permit, ``storm water associated with construction
activity'' refers to category (x) of the definition of ``discharge of
storm water associated with industrial activity.'' Category (x)
includes construction activity disturbing at least five acres, or
construction activity disturbing less than five acres which is part of
a larger common plan of development or sale with the potential to
disturb cumulatively five or more acres (See 40 CFR 122.26(b)(14)).
This construction general permit is written as if it was a single
permit rather than the 45 legally separate and individually numbered
general permits it is comprised of. Unless otherwise noted, references
to ``the permit'' apply to the common language of each of the 45
separate general permits. Any area-specific conditions that apply are
found in Part X of the permit.
This permit replaces the previous Baseline Construction General
Permit which was issued for a five-year term in September 1992. The
most significant changes from the 1992 permit include:
New conditions to protect listed endangered and threatened
species and critical habitats;
Expanded coverage to construction sites under five acres
of disturbed land which are not part of a larger common plan of
development or sale when an operator has been designated by the
Director to obtain coverage pursuant to 40 CFR 122.26(a)(1)(v) or
122.26(a)(9) and 122.26(g)(1)(i);
A requirement to post the confirmation of permit coverage
(the permit number or copy of the Notice of Intent (NOI) if a permit
number has not yet been assigned) including a brief description of the
project;
Terms applicable when transitioning from the previous
permit;
The requirement to submit a notice of permit termination
when construction is completed;
Automatic coverage under an expired, but administratively-
continued permit;
Capability to use this permit to acquire coverage for
other construction-related industrial activities (e.g., a concrete
batch plant); and
Storm water pollution prevention plan performance
objectives.
This general permit for storm water discharges associated with
construction activity was proposed on June 2, 1997 (62 FR 29786), and
is hereby issued with individual permit numbers for the following
areas:
Region 1: The Commonwealth of Massachusetts and the States of Maine
and New Hampshire; Indian Country lands in the Commonwealth of
Massachusetts and the States of Maine, Rhode Island and Connecticut;
Federal facilities in Vermont.
Region 2: The Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and Indian Country lands
in the State of New York.
Region 3: District of Columbia; Federal facilities in the State of
Delaware.
Region 7: Indian Country lands in Iowa, Kansas and Nebraska (except
Pine Ridge Reservation Lands [see Region 8]).
Region 8: Federal facilities in Colorado; Indian Country lands in
Colorado (including the portion of the Ute Mountain Reservation located
in New Mexico), Montana, North Dakota (including that portion of the
Standing Rock Reservation located in South
[[Page 7859]]
Dakota and excluding the Lake Traverse Reservation which is covered
under the permit for areas of South Dakota), South Dakota (including
the portion of the Pine Ridge Reservation located in Nebraska and the
portion of the Lake Traverse Reservation located in North Dakota and
excluding the Standing Rock Reservation which is covered under the
permit for areas of North Dakota), Utah (except Goshute and Navajo
Reservation lands [see Region 9]) and Wyoming.
Region 9: The Islands of American Samoa and Guam, Johnston Atoll,
Midway/Wake Islands and Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands;
the State of Arizona; Indian Country Lands in Arizona (including Navajo
Reservation lands in New Mexico and Utah), California and Nevada
(including the Duck Valley Reservation in Idaho, the Fort McDermitt
Reservation in Oregon and the Goshute Reservation in Utah).
Region 10: The States of Alaska and Idaho; Indian Country lands in
Alaska and Idaho (except Duck Valley Reservation [see Region 9]),
Washington and Oregon (except for Fort McDermitt Reservation [see
Region 9]); Federal facilities in Washington.
II. Answers to Common Questions
In this section, EPA provides answers to some of the more common
questions on the construction storm water permitting program. It is
intended to help you get started in understanding the permit. Be aware
these answers are fairly broad and may not take into account all
scenarios possible at construction sites. More details on these issues
are provided later in this Fact Sheet, especially in section VIII,
Summary of Responses to Comments on the Proposed Permit.
How Do I Know If I Need a Permit?
You need a storm water permit if you can be considered an
``operator'' of the construction activity that would result in the
``discharge of storm water associated with construction activity.'' You
must become a permittee if you meet either of the following two
criteria:
You have operational control of construction project plans
and specifications, including the ability to make modifications to
those plans and specifications; or
You have day-to-day operational control of those
activities at a project which are necessary to ensure compliance with a
storm water pollution prevention plan (SWPPP) for the site or other
permit conditions (e.g., you are authorized to direct workers at a site
to carry out activities required by the SWPPP or comply with other
permit conditions).
There may be more than one party at a site performing the tasks
relating to ``operational control'' as defined above. Depending on the
site and the relationship between the parties (e.g., owner, developer),
there can either be a single party acting as site operator and
consequently be responsible for obtaining permit coverage, or there can
be two or more operators with all needing permit coverage. The
following are three general operator scenarios (variations on any of
the three are possible as the number of ``owners'' and contractors
increases):
Owner as sole permittee. The property owner designs the
structures for the site, develops and implements the SWPPP, and serves
as general contractor (or has an on-site representative with full
authority to direct day-to-day operations). He may be the only party
that needs a permit, in which case everyone else on the site may be
considered subcontractors and not need permit coverage.
Contractor as sole permittee. The property owner hires a
construction company to design the project, prepare the SWPPP, and
supervise implementation of the plan and compliance with the permit
(e.g., a ``turnkey'' project). Here, the contractor would be the only
party needing a permit. It is under this scenario that an individual
having a personal residence built for his own use (e.g., not those to
be sold for profit or used as rental property) would not be considered
an operator. EPA believes that the general contractor, being a
professional in the building industry, should be the entity rather than
the individual who is better equipped to meet the requirements of both
applying for permit coverage and developing and properly implementing a
SWPPP. However, individuals would meet the definition of ``operator''
and require permit coverage in instances where they perform general
contracting duties for construction of their personal residences.
Owner and contractor as co-permittees. The owner retains
control over any changes to site plans, SWPPPs, or storm water
conveyance or control designs; but the contractor is responsible for
overseeing actual earth disturbing activities and daily implementation
of SWPPP and other permit conditions. In this case, both parties may
need coverage.
However, you are probably not an operator and subsequently do not
need permit coverage if:
You are a subcontractor hired by, and under the
supervision of, the owner or a general contractor (i.e., if the
contractor directs your activities on-site, you probably are not an
operator); or
Your activities on site result in earth disturbance and
you are not legally a subcontractor, but a SWPPP specifically
identifies someone other than you (or your subcontractor) as the party
having operational control to address the impacts your activities may
have on storm water quality (i.e., another operator has assumed
responsibility for the impacts of your construction activities). This
particular provision will apply to most utility service line
installations. For further information concerning whether utility
service line installations meet the definition of operator and require
permit coverage, see the discussion under ``Installation of Utility
Service Lines'' in section VIII, Summary Response to Public Comments of
the Fact Sheet.
In addition, for purposes of this permit and determining who is an
operator, ``owner'' refers to the party that owns the structure being
built. Ownership of the land where construction is occurring does not
necessarily imply the property owner is an operator (e.g., a landowner
whose property is being disturbed by construction of a gas pipeline).
Likewise, if the erection of a structure has been contracted for, but
possession of the title or lease to the land or structure is not to
occur until after construction, the would-be owner may not be
considered an operator (e.g., having a house built by a residential
homebuilder).
My Project Will Disturb Less Than Five Acres, but It May Be Part of a
``Larger Common Plan of Development or Sale.'' How Can I tell and What
Must I Do?
If your smaller project is part of a larger common plan of
development or sale that collectively will disturb five or more acres
(e.g., you are building on six half-acre residential lots in a 10-acre
development or are putting in a parking lot in a large retail center)
you need permit coverage. The ``plan'' in a common plan of development
or sale is broadly defined as any announcement or piece of
documentation (including a sign, public notice or hearing, sales pitch,
advertisement, drawing, permit application, zoning request, computer
design, etc.) or physical demarcation (including boundary signs, lot
stakes, surveyor markings, etc.) indicating construction activities may
occur on a specific plot. You must still meet the definition of
operator in order to be required to get permit coverage, regardless of
the acreage you personally
[[Page 7860]]
disturb. As a subcontractor, it is unlikely you would need a permit.
For some situations where less than five acres of the original
common plan of development remain undeveloped, a permit may not be
needed for the construction projects ``filling in'' the last parts of
the common plan of development. A case in which a permit would not be
needed is where several empty lots totaling less than five acres remain
after the rest of the project had been completed, providing
stabilization had also been completed for the entire project. However,
if the total area of all the undeveloped lots in the original common
plan of development was more than five acres, a permit would be needed.
When Can You Consider Future Construction on a Property To Be Part of a
Separate Plan of Development or Sale?
In many cases, a common plan of development or sale consists of
many small construction projects that collectively add up to five (5)
or more acres of total disturbed land. For example, an original common
plan of development for a residential subdivision might lay out the
streets, house lots, and areas for parks, schools and commercial
development that the developer plans to build or sell to others for
development. All these areas would remain part of the common plan of
development or sale until the intended construction occurs. After this
initial plan is completed for a particular parcel, any subsequent
development or redevelopment of that parcel would be regarded as a new
plan of development, and would then be subject to the five-acre cutoff
for storm water permitting purposes.
What Must I Do To Satisfy the Permit Eligibility Requirements Related
to Endangered Species?
In order to be eligible for this permit, you must follow the
procedures and examples found in Addendum A for the protection of
endangered species. You cannot submit your NOI until you are able to
certify your eligibility for the permit. Enough lead time should be
built into your project schedule to accomplish these procedures. If
another operator has certified eligibility for the project (or at least
the portion of the project you will be working on) in his NOI, you will
usually be able to rely on his certification of project eligibility and
not have to repeat the process. EPA created this ``coat tail''
eligibility option for protection of endangered species to allow the
site developer/owner to obtain up-front ``clearance'' for a project,
thereby avoiding duplication of effort by his contractors and
unnecessary delays in construction.
What Does the Permit Require Regarding Historic Preservation?
Today's permit does not currently impose requirements related to
historic preservation, though EPA may modify the permit at a later date
after further discussions with the Advisory Council on Historic
Preservation. Therefore, under today's permit, EPA will conduct
consultations as it did under the pre-existing Baseline Construction
General Permit on a case-by-case basis as needed. Removal of the
proposed permit provisions related to historic preservation in no way
relieves applicants and permittees of their obligations to comply with
applicable State, Tribal or local laws for the preservation of historic
properties. EPA reminds permittees that according to section 110(k) of
the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA), an intentional action to
significantly adversely affect historic resources with intent to avoid
Federal historic preservation requirements may jeopardize future permit
coverage for such a permittee.
How Many Notices of Intent (NOIs) Must I Submit? Where and When Are
They Sent?
You only need to submit one NOI to cover all activities on any one
common plan of development or sale. The site map you develop for the
storm water pollution prevention plan identifies which parts of the
overall project are under your control. For example, if you are a
homebuilder in a residential development, you need submit only one NOI
to cover all your lots, even if they are on opposite sides of the
development.
The NOI must be postmarked two days before you begin work on site.
The address for submitting NOIs is found in the instruction portion of
the NOI form and in Part II.C. of the CGP. You must also look in Part X
of the permit to determine if copies of the NOI form are to be sent to
a State or Indian Tribe.
How Do I Know Which Permit Conditions Apply to Me?
You are responsible for complying with all parts of the permit that
are applicable to the construction activities you perform. Part III.E.
of the permit defines the roles of various operators at a site. In
addition, several States and Indian Tribes require alternative or
additional permit conditions, and these can be found in Part X of the
permit.
Do I Have Flexibility in Preparing the Storm Water Pollution Prevention
Plan (SWPPP) and Selecting Best Management Practices (BMPs) for My
Site?
Storm water pollution prevention plan requirements were designed to
allow maximum flexibility to develop the needed storm water controls
based on the specifics of the site. Some of the factors you might
consider include: more stringent local development requirements and/or
building codes; precipitation patterns for the area at the time the
project will be underway; soil types; slopes; layout of structures for
the site; sensitivity of nearby water bodies; safety concerns of the
storm water controls (e.g., potential hazards of water in storm water
retention ponds to the safety of children; the potential of drawing
birds to retention ponds and the hazards they pose to aircraft); and
coordination with other site operators.
Must Every Permittee Have His Own Separate SWPPP or Is a Joint Plan
Allowed?
The only requirement is that there be at least one SWPPP for a site
which incorporates the required elements for all operators, but there
can be separate plans if individual permittees so desire. EPA
encourages permittees to explore possible cost savings by having a
joint SWPPP for several operators. For example, the prime developer
could assume the inspection responsibilities for the entire site, while
each homebuilder shares in the installation and maintenance of sediment
traps serving common areas.
If a Project Will Not Be Completed Before This Permit Expires, How Can
I Keep Permit Coverage?
If the permit is reissued or replaced with a new one before the
current one expires, you will need to comply with whatever conditions
the new permit requires in order to transition coverage from the old
permit. This usually includes submitting a new NOI. If the permit
expires before a replacement permit can be issued, the permit will be
administratively ``continued.'' You are automatically covered under the
continued permit, without needing to submit anything to EPA, until the
earliest of:
The permit being reissued or replaced;
Submittal of a Notice of Termination (NOT);
Issuance of an individual permit for your activity; or
The Director issues a formal decision not to reissue the
permit, at
[[Page 7861]]
which time you must seek coverage under an alternative permit.
When Can I Terminate Permit Coverage? Can I Terminate Coverage (i.e.,
Liability for Permit Compliance) Before the Entire Project is Finished?
You can submit an NOT for your portion of a site providing: (1) You
have achieved final stabilization of the portion of the site for which
you are a permittee (including, if applicable, returning agricultural
land to its pre-construction agricultural use); (2) another operator/
permittee has assumed control according to Part VI.G.2.c. of the permit
over all areas of the site that have not been finally stabilized which
you were responsible for (for example, a developer can pass permit
responsibility for lots in a subdivision to the homebuilder who
purchases those lots, providing the homebuilder has filed his own NOI);
or (3) for residential construction only, you have completed temporary
stabilization and the residence has been transferred to the homeowner.
III. Coverage Provided by General Permits
Section 402(p) of the Clean Water Act (CWA) states that storm water
discharges associated with industrial activity to waters of the United
States must be authorized by an NPDES permit. The term ``discharge''
when used in the context of the NPDES program means the discharge of
pollutants (40 CFR 122.2).
On November 16, 1990, EPA published regulations under the NPDES
program which defined one facet of the phrase ``storm water discharges
associated with industrial activity'' as being discharges from
construction activities (including clearing, grading and excavation
activities) that result in the disturbance of five or more acres of
total land area, including smaller areas that are part of a larger
common plan of development or sale (40 CFR 122.26(b)(14)(x)). These
types of construction activity are commonly referred to as Phase I
construction activities. ``Storm water discharges associated with
construction activities'' will hereinafter refer to discharges from
Phase I construction activities or support activities, including those
that meet the larger definition of a storm water discharge associated
with industrial activity or those that are designated under the
provisions of 40 CFR 122.26.
Previously, there may have been some confusion as to permitting
requirements for sites disturbing less than five acres but that are
part of a larger common plan of development or sale. For clarification,
all construction activity regulated under 40 CFR 122.26(b)(14)(x) is
eligible for coverage under this permit including small construction
sites disturbing less than five acres that are also a part of a larger
common plan of development or sale which has the potential of
disturbing five or more acres collectively. Examples of these would be
lots in a subdivision or industrial park. These are also Phase I
construction activities.
Single construction sites under five acres that are not part of a
larger plan of development or sale with disturbances totaling at least
five acres are not eligible for coverage under this permit unless they
are specifically designated for coverage pursuant to 40 CFR 122.26
(a)(1)(v) or 122.26(a)(9) and 122.26(g)(1)(i). Under EPA's existing
regulations, however, these smaller projects may be required to submit
permit applications not later than August 7, 2001, unless an applicant
is specifically required by the Director to submit an application
before that time. Small (Phase II) construction sites will be addressed
by EPA in the future pursuant to a Ninth Circuit Court mandate. EPA is
employing the assistance of a Federal Advisory Committee to make
recommendations on how best to treat small sites vis-a-vis the NPDES
program, and will issue a proposed rule addressing Phase II
construction activities in December 1997. Finalization of the rule is
scheduled for March 1, 1999. If permitting is the approach adopted for
these small sites, the permits will be issued at a future date.
EPA issued the first round of the Phase I construction general
permit on two dates: September 9, 1992, for certain States and
territories, and September 25, 1992, for other States and territories
where EPA is the permitting authority. The Phase I permit was commonly
referred to as the Baseline Construction General Permit. The new permit
is the second-round permit (simply called the ``construction general
permit,'' ``CGP,'' or ``permit'') for use in the States, territories
and Indian Country lands where EPA is the NPDES permitting authority.
The Agency is expanding permit coverage to certain Indian Country lands
which were not covered under the 1992 permit. These new areas are
listed in the areas of coverage section of the permit and this fact
sheet.
Operators of construction projects in EPA Region 4 should note that
unlike the Baseline Construction General Permit, this second-round
permit no longer authorizes discharges from construction projects on
Indian Country lands located in Florida, Mississippi or North Carolina.
The Region 4 permit was public noticed in the Federal Register on April
16, 1997, (62 FR 18605-18628) for construction storm water discharges
in Florida, and Indian Country lands in Florida, Mississippi and North
Carolina. Similarly, operators of construction projects in EPA Region 6
are not covered under this permit. A separate Region 6 permit covering
construction project discharges located in the following areas is
currently under development: The States of New Mexico and Texas; Indian
Country lands in Louisiana, Oklahoma, Texas and New Mexico (except
Navajo Reservation Lands [see Region 9] and Ute Mountain Reservation
Lands [see Region 8] which are covered by this permit); and oil, gas,
and pipeline construction projects regulated by the Oklahoma
Corporation Commission in the State of Oklahoma. Both permits should be
issued in the near future.
IV. Summary of Options for Controlling Pollutants
EPA is providing the following information on controlling
pollutants in storm water discharges to assist permittees in preparing
storm water pollution prevention plans (SWPPPs). Most controls for
construction activities can be categorized in either of two groups:
sediment and erosion controls and storm water management measures.
Sediment and erosion controls ordinarily address pollutants in
storm water generated from the site during active construction-related
work. Storm water management measures are customarily installed before,
and coincident with, completion of construction activities, but
primarily result in reductions of pollutants in storm water discharged
from the site after the construction has been completed. Additional
measures that should be employed throughout a project include
housekeeping best management practices, such as materials management
and litter control.
A. Sediment and Erosion Controls
Erosion controls provide the first line of defense in preventing
off-site sedimentation and are designed to prevent erosion through
protection and preservation of soil. Sediment controls are designed to
remove sediment from runoff before the runoff is discharged from the
site. Sediment and erosion controls can be further divided into two
major classes of controls: stabilization practices and structural
practices. Major types of sediment and erosion practices are summarized
below. A more
[[Page 7862]]
thorough description of these practices is given in ``Storm Water
Management for Construction Activities: Developing Pollution Prevention
Plans and Best Management Practices,'' U.S. EPA, 1992. Permittees
should also consider the construction of new projects in phases to
minimize the amount of bare soil which is exposed at one time and the
amount of stabilization or structural controls which would be required.
1. Stabilization Practices
Stabilization refers to covering or maintaining an existing cover
over soil. Vegetative cover includes grass, trees, vines, shrubs, etc.
Stabilization measures can also include nonvegetative controls such as
geotextiles, riprap or gabions (wire mesh boxes filled with rock).
Mulches such as straw or bark can be somewhat effectual at
stabilization in stand-alone fashion but are most effective when used
in conjunction with vegetation.
Stabilization of exposed soil is one of the foremost means to
minimize pollutant discharge during construction activities.
Stabilization reduces erosion potential by absorbing the kinetic energy
of raindrops that would otherwise mobilize unprotected soil; by
intercepting water so that it infiltrates into the ground instead of
running off the surface; and slowing the velocity of runoff, thereby
promoting deposition of sediment already being carried. Stabilization
provides large reductions in the levels of suspended sediment in
discharges and receiving waters. Examples of stabilization measures are
summarized below.
a. Temporary Seeding. Seeding of temporary vegetation provides
stabilization by establishing vegetative cover at areas of the site
where earth disturbing activities have temporarily ceased, but will
resume later in the construction project. Without temporary
stabilization, soil can be exposed to precipitation for an extended
period leaving it vulnerable to erosion, even though earth-disturbing
activities are not occurring on these areas. Temporary seeding
practices have been found to be up to 95% effective in reducing
erosion.\1\
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\1\ Guidelines for Erosion and Sediment Control in California'';
USDA, Soil Conservation Service, Davis, CA; revised 1985.
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b. Permanent Seeding. Establishing a permanent and sustainable
ground cover at a site stabilizes the soil and hence reduces sediment
in runoff. It is typically required at most sites for aesthetic
reasons.
c. Mulching. Mulching is often done coupled with permanent and
temporary seeding. Where temporary or permanent seeding is not
feasible, exposed soil can be stabilized by spreading plant residues or
other suitable materials on the soil surface. Although generally not as
effective as vegetation, mulching by itself provides a measure of
temporary erosion control. Mulching in conjunction with seeding
provides erosion protection prior to the onset of plant growth. In
addition, mulching protects newly-applied seeds, providing a higher
likelihood of successful vegetation. To maintain its effectiveness,
mulch should be anchored to resist wind displacement.
d. Sod Stabilization. Sod stabilization involves establishing long-
term stands of grass by planting sod on exposed surfaces. When
maintained properly, sod can be more than 99% effective in reducing
erosion, and is the most immediately effective vegetation method
available.\2\ However, the cost of sod stabilization (relative to other
vegetative controls) typically limits its use to situations where a
quick vegetative cover is desired (e.g., steep or erodible slopes) and
sites which can be maintained with ground equipment. Sod is also
sensitive to climate and may require intensive watering and
fertilization.
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\2\ Ibid.
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e. Vegetative Buffer Strips. Vegetative buffer strips are
indigenous or replanted strips of vegetation located at the top and
bottom of a slope, outlining property boundaries or adjacent to
receiving waters such as streams or wetlands. Vegetative buffer strips
can slow runoff at critical locations, decreasing erosion and allowing
sedimentation. They can be especially useful for very narrow linear
construction projects such as underground utilities or pipelines.
f. Preservation of Trees. This practice involves preserving
selected trees already on-site prior to development. Mature trees
provide extensive canopy and root systems which protect and hold soil
in place. Shade trees also keep soil from drying rapidly, decreasing
the soil's susceptibility to erosion. Measures taken to protect trees
can vary significantly, from simply installing tree armor and fences
around the drip line, to more complex measures such as building
retaining walls and tree wells. Along with the erosion benefits
provided by trees, they can also add to the aesthetics and value of the
property.
g. Contouring and Protection of Sensitive Areas. Contouring refers
to the practice of building in harmony with the natural flow and
contour of the land. By minimizing changes in the natural contour of
the land, existing drainage patterns are preserved as much as possible,
thereby reducing erosion. Minimizing the amount of regrading done will
also reduce the amount of soil being disturbed.
The preservation of sensitive areas at a site such as steep slopes
and wetlands should also be a priority. Disturbance of soil on steep
slopes should be avoided due to vulnerability to erosion. Wetlands
should be protected because they provide flood protection, pollution
mitigation and an essential aquatic habitat.
2. Structural Practices
Structural practices involve the installation of devices to divert,
store or limit runoff. Structural practices have several objectives.
First, structural practices can be designed to prevent water from
flowing on disturbed areas where erosion may occur. This involves
diverting runoff from undisturbed, up-slope areas through use of earth
dikes, temporary swales, perimeter dikes or other diversions to stable
areas. Another objective of structural practices may be to cause
sedimentation before the runoff leaves the site. Methods for removing
sediment from runoff include diverting flows to a trapping or storage
device or filtering diffuse flows through on-site silt fences. All
structural practices require proper maintenance (e.g., removal of
collected sediment) to remain functional and should be designed to
avoid presenting a safety hazard--especially in areas frequented by
children.
a. Earth Dike. Earth dikes are temporary berms or ridges of
compacted soil that channel water to a desired location. Earth dikes
should be stabilized with vegetation or an equally efficacious method.
b. Silt Fence. Silt fences are a barrier of geotextile fabric
(filter cloth) used to intercept sediment in diffuse runoff. They must
be firmly anchored and may require additional support, such as
reinforcing with wire mesh. Used alone, silt fences are usually
inappropriate for flows of concentrated high volume or high velocity.
They must be carefully maintained to ensure structural stability and be
cleaned of excess sediment.
c. Drainage Swales. A drainage swale is a channel lined with grass,
riprap, asphalt, concrete or other materials. They are installed to
convey runoff without causing erosion.
d. Sediment Traps. Sediment traps are installed in drainage
pathways, at storm drain inlets or other discharge points from
disturbed areas.
e. Check Dams. Check dams are small temporary dams constructed
across a
[[Page 7863]]
swale or drainage ditch to reduce the velocity of runoff, thereby
reducing erosion in the swale or ditch. They should not be used in a
permanent stream. More elaborate erosion controls in a flow conduit may
be unnecessary if check dams are installed due to the decrease in
energy of the runoff.
f. Level Spreader. Level spreaders are outlets for dikes and flow
channels consisting of an excavated depression constructed at zero
grade across a slope. Level spreaders convert concentrated runoff into
diffuse flow and release it onto areas stabilized by existing
vegetation.
g. Subsurface Drain. Subsurface drains transport runoff to an area
where the water can be managed effectively. Drains can be made of tile,
pipe, or tubing.
h. Pipe Slope Drain. A pipe slope drain is a temporary runoff
conveyance running down a slope to prevent erosion on the face of the
slope.
i. Temporary Storm Drain Diversion. Temporary storm drain
diversions are used to re-direct flow in a storm drain for capturing
sediment in a trapping device.
j. Storm Drain Inlet Protection. Storm drain inlet protection
reduces sediment entering storm drainage systems prior to permanent
stabilization of disturbed areas. Examples include a sediment filter or
an excavated detention area around a storm drain inlet.
k. Rock Outlet Protection. Rock protection placed at the outlet of
conduits can reduce the depth and velocity of water so the flow will
not cause downstream erosion.
l. Other Controls. Examples of other controls include temporary
sedimentation basins, sump pits, entrance stabilization, waterway
crossings and wind breaks.
B. Storm Water Management Measures
Storm water management measures are usually installed before, and
coincident with, completion of construction activities. The measures
primarily result in reductions of pollutants in storm water discharged
from the site after cessation of construction activities. Storm water
management may also be needed for compliance with local flood control
requirements (which may be unrelated to NPDES requirements).
Construction frequently causes significant alterations in the
characteristics of the affected land. One such change is an increase in
the overall imperviousness of the site, which can dramatically affect
the site's flow patterns. An increase in runoff may increase the amount
of pollutants carried by the runoff. In addition, some activities
(e.g., automobile travel on newly-built roads) can result in higher
pollutant concentrations in runoff compared to pre-construction levels.
Traditional storm water management controls attempt to limit increases
in the amount of runoff and pollution discharged from land impacted by
construction.
Storm water management measures include on-site infiltration of
runoff, flow attenuation by vegetation or natural depressions, outfall
velocity dissipation devices, storm water retention basins and
artificial wetlands, and storm water detention structures. For many
sites, a combination of these controls may be appropriate. A summary of
storm water management controls is provided below. A more complete
description of storm water management controls is found in ``Storm
Water Management for Construction Activities: Developing Pollution
Prevention Plans and Best Management Practices,'' U.S. EPA, 1992, and
``A Current Assessment of Urban Best Management Practices,''
Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments, March 1992. In
designing storm water controls, features that would pose a safety
hazard--especially for children--should be avoided and/or have limited
public access.
a. On-Site Infiltration. Inducing infiltration, through
infiltration trenches or basins, can reduce the volume and pollutant
loadings of storm water discharges from a site. Infiltration measures
tend to mitigate impacts to an area's natural hydrologic
characteristics. Properly designed and installed infiltration
constructs can reduce peak discharges, facilitate recharging of the
groundwater, augment low flow conditions in receiving streams, reduce
storm water discharge volumes and pollutant loads, and inhibit
downstream erosion.
Infiltration measures are particularly effective in permeable soils
and where the water table and bedrock are well below the surface.
Infiltration basins can also double as sediment basins during
construction. Infiltration trenches can be easily incorporated into
less active areas of a development and are appropriate for small sites
and in-fill developments. However, trenches may require regular
maintenance to prevent clogging, particularly where grass inlets or
other sedimentation measures are not used. In some situations, such as
low density areas of parking lots, porous pavement can provide for
infiltration.
b. Flow Attenuation by Vegetation or Natural Depressions. Flow
attenuation caused by vegetation or natural depressions can facilitate
pollutant removal and infiltration and can reduce the erosivity of
runoff. Use of vegetative flow attenuation measures can protect
habitats and enhance the appearance of a site. These measures include
grass swales and filter strips as well as trees that are either
preserved or planted during construction.
Incorporating check dams into flow paths can provide additional
infiltration and flow attenuation. Given their limited capacity to
accept large volumes of runoff (and the concomitant erosivity),
vegetative controls should usually be used in combination with other
storm water devices. Grass swales are typically used in areas such as
low or medium density residential development and highway medians as an
alternative to curb and gutter drainage system. In general, the costs
of vegetative controls are less than for other storm water measures.
c. Outfall Velocity Dissipation Devices. Outfall velocity
dissipation devices include riprap and stone or concrete flow
spreaders. They slow the flow of water discharged from a site thereby
reducing erosion.
d. Retention Structures/Artificial Wetlands. Retention structures
are ponds and artificial wetlands that are designed to maintain a
permanent pool of water. Properly installed and maintained retention
structures (also known as wet ponds) and artificial wetlands can
achieve a high removal rate of sediment, biochemical oxygen demand
(BOD), organic nutrients and metals, and are most cost-effective when
used to control runoff from larger, intensively developed site. These
constructs rely on settling and biological processes to remove
pollutants. Retention ponds and artificial wetlands can also become
wildlife habitats, recreation, and landscape amenities, and increase
local property values.
While the Agency believes artificial wetlands can be one of the
most effective long-term storm water management measures, EPA also
recognizes the potential problems to which wetlands may contribute at
certain sites. This could be the case at airports where bird
populations drawn to wetlands proximate to runways/taxiways may
endanger moving aircraft. EPA recommends that structures which maintain
continuous habitat for wildlife not be constructed within 10,000 feet
of a public-use airport serving turbine-powered aircraft, or within
5,000 feet of a public-use airport serving piston-powered aircraft.
EPA, as always, stresses public safety and sound engineering judgement
in the implementation of any storm water
[[Page 7864]]
measure, control or best management practice.
e. Water Quality Detention Structures. Storm water detention
structures, which include extended detention ponds, control the rate at
which water drains after a storm event. Extended detention ponds are
usually designed to completely drain in about 24 to 48 hours and to
remain dry at other times. They can provide pollutant removal
efficiencies similar to those of retention pond. Extended detention
systems are typically designed to provide both water quality and water
quantity (flood control) benefits.
C. Housekeeping Best Management Practices (BMPs)
Pollutants that could be discharged in storm water from
construction sites because of poor housekeeping include oil, grease,
paints, gasoline, concrete truck wash down, raw materials used in the
manufacture of concrete (sand, aggregate, and cement), solvents,
litter, debris and sanitary wastes. Construction site SWPPPs should
address the following to prevent the discharge of pollutants:
Designate and control areas for equipment maintenance and
repair;
Provide waste receptacles at convenient locations and
regular collection of wastes;
Locate equipment wash down areas on site, and provide
appropriate control of washwater to prevent unauthorized dry weather
discharges and avoid mixing with storm water;
Provide protected storage areas for chemicals, paints,
solvents, fertilizers, and other potentially toxic materials; and
Provide adequately maintained sanitary facilities.
V. Summary of Permit Conditions
This section has been written in an informal style and follows the
structure of the CGP, but it does not always reflect verbatim the
actual language used in the permit. It is intended to help the
regulated community and members of the public understand the intent and
basis of the actual permit language. If any confusion or conflicts
exist between this summary and the actual CGP language, the permittee
must comply with the CGP as written. More detail on permit conditions
is available in section VIII. Summary of Responses to Comments on the
Proposed Permit.
Part I. Areas Covered by Each Permit, Eligibility for the Permit,
Obtaining Coverage and Terminating Coverage
A. Permit Areas
Each separate general permit is individually numbered and only
provides coverage to construction activities in the permit's designated
area or category (e.g., State, Federal facility within a State, Indian
Country Land, etc.). Each permittee will be assigned a permit number
when his Notice of Intent is processed.
B. Eligibility
1. Discharges and Operations Covered
These permits authorize all discharges of storm water from
construction activities except those excluded under the Limitations on
Coverage section (Part I.B.3) in the CGP. Any discharge authorized by a
different NPDES permit may be commingled with discharges authorized by
this permit. The permit also authorizes discharges from construction
support activities (e.g., concrete or asphalt batch plants, equipment
staging yards, material storage areas, etc.) for local project(s) an
operator is currently involved with (e.g., a concrete batch plant
providing concrete to several different highway projects in the same
county). Authorization of this discharge is contingent upon (1) the
support activity not being a commercial operation serving multiple,
unrelated construction projects and not operating beyond the completion
of the last related construction project it serves; and (2) appropriate
controls are identified in the storm water pollution prevention plan
(SWPPP) for the discharges from the support activity areas.
2. Limitations on Coverage
Not all storm water discharges from construction sites are
authorized by this permit. Specifically excluded are:
1. Storm water discharges originating from a site after
construction activities have ceased, the site has undergone final
stabilization, and an NOT submitted. If there will be a discharge of
storm water associated with industrial activity, or some other
regulated discharge from the completed project (e.g., wastewater from a
newly-constructed chemical plant), coverage under another permit(s)
must be obtained for these discharges.
2. Storm water discharges which are mixed with non-storm water
sources, other than those identified in and complying with the permit.
Non-storm water discharges which are authorized under a different NPDES
permit may be commingled with discharges authorized under this permit.
3. Storm water discharges associated with construction activity
that are covered under an individual permit or discharges required to
be covered under an alternative general permit.
4. Storm water discharges which the Director (EPA) has determined,
or thinks may reasonably be expected, to cause or contribute to a
violation of water quality standards. The discharges may be authorized,
however, if appropriate measures to assure compliance with water
quality standards are included in the SWPPP. For example, the Director
may determine that, in the absence of controls, a small construction
site poses a threat to water quality. He may then allow coverage if
control measures addressing the threat are included in the SWPPP and
implemented.
5. Discharges which are not protective of endangered species.
Before submitting an NOI, the operator should follow the procedures in
Addendum A to determine his eligibility for permitting with regard to
protection of endangered species. EPA envisions that the project
``owner'' or developer would likely do the endangered species analysis
during the planning stages of a project (i.e., before construction is
scheduled to begin). By design, this effort should not have to be
repeated by the contractors, homebuilders, utilities, etc., whose
involvement in the project will not happen until later. (See section
VIII. Summary of Responses to Comments on the Proposed Permit and
Addendum A of the permit for further information.)
C. Obtaining Coverage
To obtain authorization to discharge under the general permit, an
operator must develop a SWPPP or participate in a joint plan with
others, in accordance with the requirements of the CGP. He must then
submit a complete and accurate NOI form.
Storm water discharges are authorized two days after the date the
NOI is postmarked, unless otherwise notified by EPA. Permittees must
implement their SWPPP or their portion of the plan, as soon as they
begin work on site. Coverage under the general permit cannot be
directly transferred to a new operator; rather a new NOI must be filed
by the operator wishing to assume responsibility for permit compliance.
During the first 90 days after the effective date of the CGP, an
operator may use the SWPPP developed while he was covered under the
previous permit. During the time the new general permit was not
available, any operator who has
[[Page 7865]]
prepared a pollution prevention plan in accordance with the 1992
general permit may submit an NOI and use his existing SWPPP as an
interim plan for 90 days from the effective date of the new permit.
EPA may deny coverage under this permit and require an operator to
submit an individual NPDES permit application based on the completeness
and/or content of his NOI, or other information such as water quality
data, permittee compliance history, etc. If EPA requires a permittee to
apply for an individual NPDES permit or an alternative general permit,
he will be notified in writing. Coverage under this general permit will
automatically terminate if the permittee so notified fails to submit
any required individual or alternative permit applications in a timely
manner. If an individual permit or alternative general permit was
applied for, the date the new permit became effective or denied marks
the termination date of this permit.
D. Terminating Coverage
To terminate coverage, a permittee must submit a Notice of
Termination (NOT) form. The NOT must be filed within 30 days after
cessation of construction activities and final stabilization of the
permittee's portion of the site (or temporary stabilization for
residential construction where a homeowner is assuming control of a
property). An NOT must also be submitted by a permittee before another
operator assumes the previous permittee's liabilities. NOT requirements
are discussed later in this fact sheet.
Part II. Notice of Intent Requirements
All applicants for NPDES general permits for storm water discharges
associated with industrial activity are required to submit Notices of
Intent (NOI) to obtain permit coverage (40 CFR 122.28(b)(2)).
Submission of a complete and accurate NOI eliminates the need to apply
for an individual permit for a regulated discharge, unless the Director
specifically notifies the discharger that an individual permit
application must be submitted.
Only NOI forms provided by EPA (or photocopies thereof) are valid.
A revised, simplified NOI form has been developed for the CGP but was
not available as of the effective date of this permit (final approval
had not yet been obtained from the U.S. Office of Management and
Budget). As soon as the revised form is approved it will be published
in the Federal Register. All applicants thereafter must use the revised
NOI form. Until the revised NOI form is available, operators must
continue to use the existing NOI. Though applicants are only required
to complete information on the form related to the previous Baseline
Construction General Permit, they must be aware that by signing and
dating the form they certifying that they understand and are willing to
comply with all terms and conditions of the NPDES permit they have
applied for, namely the Construction General Permit. These conditions
include those found in Part I.B (Permit Eligibility) of the permit.
It is acceptable to fill in information that will be the same for
every project (e.g., a company's name, address) and make copies of the
partially completed form for future use. An electronic version of the
existing NOI form is currently available on EPA's Office of Wastewater
Management web site on the Internet and various EPA Regional web pages.
The revised NOI form will likewise be added when it becomes available
for use.
Each entity meeting either of the two criteria for an operator must
submit an NOI. For more details on who must file an NOI, see section V,
Part III.E of this Fact Sheet. The proposed definition of ``operator''
has been clarified in the final permit and the existing regulatory
definitions of ``owner or operator'' and ``facility or activity'' have
also been included. Clarifications to the definition of ``operator''
were made because some of the regulated community felt the previous
definition was nebulous. For further discussions on ``operator'' as
related to construction activity, see section VIII, Summary of
Responses to Comments, of this Fact Sheet.
EPA believes there exist situations where a utility company
installing service lines meets the definition of operator and must get
permit coverage, although most of the time a utility would be
considered a ``subcontractor'' (i.e., non-permittee). If a utility
company is constructing a project for itself (e.g., main transmission
line, transformer station) it must obtain permit coverage. Otherwise,
as a non-permittee working at construction site, EPA encourages utility
companies (as it does any subcontractor) to abide by the site's SWPPP
provisions and minimize its impacts on storm water controls.
A. Deadlines for Submitting NOIs
An operator's Notice of Intent must be postmarked at least two days
prior to commencement of any work on site (if he has control over plans
and specifications) or two days prior to commencement of his portion of
the work (if he has only day-to-day operational control).
Permittees authorized to discharge under the previous 1992 general
permit must submit a new NOI within 90 days of the effective date of
this permit in order to continue authorization to discharge after 90
days. An NOI is not required if the permittee will be eligible to
submit an NOT (i.e., construction finished and final stabilization
complete) before the 90th day.
Permittees authorized to discharge under the 1992 permit and those
allowed to use a SWPPP developed in accordance with the 1992 permit,
must continue to comply with that plan and update it as necessary, to
comply with the requirements of the CGP within 90 days after the
Federal Register publication date of the CGP.
EPA will accept a late NOI, but the authorization only covers
discharges from two days after the postmark date. The authorization
does not retroactively apply to any prior, unpermitted discharges. The
Agency reserves the right to take enforcement action for any
unpermitted discharges of pollutants to waters to the United States.
B. Contents of the New (Revised) NOI
The revised NOI form (available following OMB approval and
publication in the Federal Register) requires the following information
(instructions are on NOI form):
The operator's (applicant's) name, address, telephone
number and whether they are a Federal, State, Tribal, public or private
entity (e.g., ``XYZ Construction, 123 South St., Anyburg, TX, 214-555-
5555, P'' [P for private company]);
The street address (description of location if street
address is unavailable), county, and the latitude and longitude of the
approximate center of the construction site (e.g., ``123 South St.,
Anyburg, Our County, NH'' or ``1 mile south of Anyburg, NH, on County
Road No. 1; Anyburg, Our County, NH'') Help on finding your latitude
and longitude is provided in the instructions to the NOI form. If you
will be involved in many construction projects, you may wish to invest
in a portable Global Positioning System (GPS) unit that provides read-
outs of the latitude and longitude. Units designed for recreational use
(e.g., boating, hiking) can cost less than $200.
Whether or not the construction project is located on an
Indian Country land;
The name of the receiving water(s), or if the discharge is
through a municipal separate storm sewer, the name of the municipal
operator of the
[[Page 7866]]
storm sewer and the receiving water(s) (e.g., ``Nimby Creek'' or
``Anyburg, NH'' for municipal storm sewers);
An estimate of project start date and completion date and
an estimate of the number of acres of the site on which soil will be
disturbed. Note that the project start and stop dates need not be
exact. EPA recognizes that many factors, often beyond the permittee's
control, contribute to whether a project will actually start or end on
the estimated dates. Acreage may be determined by dividing square
footage by 43,560, as demonstrated in the following example:
Convert 54,450 ft\2\ to acres
Divide 54,450 ft\2\ by 43,560 square feet per acre:
54,450 ft\2\ 43,560 ft\2\/acre = 1.25 acres
Whether or not the SWPPP has been prepared and (optional)
the location of where the plan can be viewed if different from the
project address;
Whether any endangered species identified in Addendum A of
the permit are in proximity to the construction project and which of
the listed options enables the operator to claim eligibility for permit
coverage (see Addendum A for instructions);
A signature block is provided following a certification
statement that everything on the NOI form is correct. The proposed CGP
contained multiple certifications but these were eliminated by
incorporating an introductory statement into the NOI that submission of
the NOI constitutes an agreement to comply with the permit and that the
permittee is, in fact, eligible for permit coverage.
The NOI must be signed in accordance with the signatory
requirements of 40 CFR 122.22. A complete description of these
signatory requirements is provided in Part VI., Standard Permit
Conditions, of the general permit.
C. Where To Submit the NOI
Completed NOI forms are to be sent to the NOI Processing Center at
the address indicated in the permit, or as otherwise indicated on the
latest approved revision to the NOI form. Copies of NOI forms must also
be sent to certain States and Tribes as specified in Part X of the
permit.
Part III. Special Conditions, Management Practices and Other Non-
Numeric Limitations
A. Prohibition of Non-Storm Water Discharges
The CGP does not authorize discharge of unpermitted, non-storm
water, either alone or mixed with storm water, except for the specific
classes of non-storm water discharges described in the permit.
Discharges of material other than storm water which are in compliance
with another NPDES permit may be mixed with storm water discharges
authorized by this permit. Authorized non-storm water discharges could
include: \3\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\3\ These discharges are consistent with the allowable classes
of non-storm water discharges to municipal separate storm sewer
systems (40 CFR 122.26(d)(2)(iv)(B)).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Firefighting activity runoff;
Fire hydrant flushings;
Vehicle washwater if detergents are not used;
Dust control runoff in accordance with permit conditions;
Potable water sources including waterline flushings;
Routine external building wash-down that did not involve
detergents;
Non-detergent pavement washwater (where spills/leaks of
toxic or hazardous materials have not occurred, unless all spilled
material had been removed);
Air conditioning condensate;
Uncontaminated ground water or spring water;
Foundation or footer drain-water (providing there was no
contamination with process materials such as solvent).
To be authorized for discharge under the CGP, the above-listed
sources of non-storm water (except firefighting runoff) must be
specifically identified in the SWPPP prepared for the facility. Non-
storm water flows from firefighting activities are exempt from control
requirements due to the ephemeral and exigent nature of these
activities. If practicable, however, the permittee must take action to
mitigate the impacts of firefighting runoff on receiving water quality.
For discharges not covered by today's permit (e.g., industrial
process wastewater or process wastewater mixed with storm water), the
discharger must submit the appropriate application forms (Forms 1 and
2C) to obtain permit coverage or discontinue the discharge.
``Allowable'' non-storm water discharges cannot be authorized under
this permit, unless they are directly related to and originate from a
construction site or dedicated support activity site (e.g., a pressure
washing company cannot broadly use the CGP for their business
operations, because general vehicle washing is not associated with a
construction site).
B.&C. Releases of Reportable Quantities of Hazardous Substances or Oil
The CGP requires the permittee to prevent or minimize the discharge
of hazardous substances or oil from a site in accordance with the his
SWPPP. Furthermore, if a permitted discharge contains a hazardous
substance or oil in an amount equal to or in excess of a reportable
quantity established under 40 CFR 110, 40 CFR 117, or 40 CFR 302,
during a 24-hour period, the National Response Center (NRC) must be
notified (dial 800-424-8802 or 202-426-2675 in the Washington, DC
area). Also, within 14 calendar days of knowledge of the release, the
SWPPP must be modified to include the date and description of the
release, the circumstances leading to the release, responses to be
employed for such releases, and measures to prevent the reoccurrence of
such releases.
Where a discharge of a hazardous substance or oil in excess of
reportable quantities is associated with a non-storm water discharge
(e.g., a spill of oil into a separate storm sewer), the spill would not
be authorized by this permit. Spills must still be reported as required
under 40 CFR 110. Also applicable are Section 311 of the CWA and
certain provisions of Sections 301 and 402 of the CWA. This approach is
necessary because of statutory requirements that make a clear
distinction between hazardous substances typically found in storm water
discharges and spilled hazardous substances that are not (See 40 CFR
117.12(d)(2)(i)).
D. Compliance With Water Quality Standards
The previous permit did not specifically address water quality
standards (WQS). The CGP contains an eligibility condition that does
not authorize discharges from construction sites that the Director
determines will cause, or have reasonable potential to cause or
contribute to, violations of water quality standards. Where such
determinations have been made, the Director may notify the operator(s)
that an individual permit application is necessary. However, the
Director may authorize coverage under the permit after appropriate
controls and implementation procedures designed to bring the discharges
into compliance with water quality standards have been included in the
SWPPP.
If a discharge authorized under this permit is later discovered to
cause, or have the reasonable potential to cause or contribute to the
violation of a WQS, the permitting authority will inform the permittee
of the violation. The permittee must then take all necessary actions to
ensure future discharges do not cause or contribute to the violation of
a WQS, and document these actions in the SWPPP. If violations remain or
reoccur, coverage under this permit may be terminated by the permitting
authority
[[Page 7867]]
and an alternative permit issued. Compliance with this requirement does
not preclude enforcement actions as provided by the Clean Water Act for
the underlying violation.
E. Operator Responsibility
The proposed CGP attempted to outline the responsibilities expected
of the variety of operators who may be working at a construction site.
For the final permit, this section has been clarified and acknowledges
it is possible for one operator to have operational control over all
aspects of the project (and thus be the sole permittee), vice the
situation where multiple entities meet the definition of operator and
would otherwise all need permits. Permittees who intend to act as the
sole ``overall'' operator need to comply with both the ``plans and
specifications'' and ``implementation'' requirements of the SWPPP.
The permit also stipulates that an operator with control over only
a portion of a project is only responsible for permit/SWPPP compliance
as it relates to his activities. An operator must also ensure he does
not impact another permittee's pollution controls (e.g., if you knock
down another operator's silt fence, you should repair it or at a
minimum inform the operator). Permittees must either implement their
portion of a joint SWPPP or develop and implement their own individual
SWPPP.
Part IV. Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan Requirements
The SWPPP focuses on two major requirements: (1) Providing a site
description that identifies sources of pollution to storm water
discharges associated with industrial activity on site; and
(2) Identifying and implementing appropriate measures to reduce
pollutants in storm water discharges to ensure compliance with the
terms and conditions of this permit. All SWPPPs must be developed in
accordance with sound engineering practices.
In the development of this permit, the Agency used requirements
similar to those found in numerous State and local sediment and erosion
control and storm water management programs, covering a variety of
climates and types of construction.
A. Deadlines for Plan Preparation
For coverage under this permit, the SWPPP must be prepared before
submittal of an NOI and then updated as appropriate (except as allowed
for interim plans during the first 90 days of this permit).
B. Signature, Plan Review and Making Plans Available
1. Signature
The SWPPP must be signed in accordance with the signatory
requirements in the Standard Permit Conditions section of the CGP.
2. Plan Review
The Agency may notify the permittee at any time that his plan does
not meet one or more of the requirements. The notification will
identify which requirements of the permit are being unmet and which
elements of the SWPPP require modification. Within seven calendar days
of receipt of notification from EPA (or as otherwise requested by EPA),
the required changes to the plan must be made and a certification
submitted that the changes have, in fact, been made and implemented.
3. Making Plans Available
Permittees must make SWPPPs available, upon request, to EPA, State,
Tribal or local agencies approving sediment and erosion plans, grading
plans or storm water management plans. Plans may also have to be sent
to local government officials or the operator of the municipal separate
storm sewer which receives the discharge.
A notice about the permit and SWPPP must be conspicuously posted
near the main entrance of the site. If displaying near the main
entrance is infeasible, the notice can be posted in a local public
building such as the town hall or public library. For linear projects,
the notice must be posted at a publicly accessible location near the
active part of the construction project (e.g., where a pipeline project
crosses a public road).
The permit notice must include the following information:
The project's NPDES permit number;
The name and phone number of a local contact;
A brief project description; and
The location of the SWPPP if not kept on site.
The permit does not require that the general public have access to
the construction site nor does it require that copies of the plan be
available or mailed to members of the public. However, EPA strongly
encourages permittees to provide public access to SWPPPs at reasonable
hours. Upon request, EPA intends to assist members of the public in
obtaining access to permitting information, including SWPPPs. EPA
believes this approach will create a balance between the public's need
for information on projects potentially impacting their water bodies
and the site operator's need for safe and unimpeded work conditions.
C. Keeping SWPPPs Current
Storm water pollution prevention plans must be revised whenever a
change in design, construction method, operation, maintenance
procedure, etc., may cause a significant effect on the discharge of
pollutants to surface waters or municipal separate storm sewer systems.
The plan must also be amended if inspections indicate the SWPPP is
ineffective in eliminating or significantly reducing pollutants in the
discharges from the construction site. In addition, the plan must be
updated to identify any new operator who will implement a portion of
the SWPPP.
D. Contents of the Plan
The storm water pollution prevention plan must include:
A site description;
A description of controls that will be used on site (i.e.,
the erosion and sediment controls and storm water management measures);
A description of maintenance and inspection procedures;
and
A description of pollution prevention measures for any
non-storm water discharges present.
1. Site Description
The SWPPP must be based on an accurate assessment of the potential
for generating and discharging pollutants from the site. Hence, the
permit requires the identification of potential sources of pollution at
a construction site that may reasonably be expected to impact the
quality of the site's storm water discharges. There must also be a
description of the site and anticipated construction activities in the
SWPPP (to provide a better understanding of site runoff
characteristics). At a minimum, SWPPPs must contain the following:
A description of the nature of the construction activity
including the function of the project (e.g., low-density residential,
shopping mall, highway, etc.);
A description of the intended significant activities,
presented sequentially, that disturb soil over major portions of the
site (e.g., grubbing, excavation, grading);
Estimates of the total area of the site and the total area
of the site that is expected to be disturbed by excavation, grading or
other activities, including off-site borrow/fill areas. It may be
preferable to separately describe portions of the site as they are
disturbed at different stages of the construction process;
[[Page 7868]]
Estimates of the site's runoff coefficient (used for
calculating the volume of runoff) during and after construction as well
as data describing the quality of any discharge from the site or the
soil. The runoff coefficient is defined as the fraction of total
precipitation that will appear at a conveyance as runoff (vs.
infiltrated precipitation). Runoff coefficients can be estimated from
site plan maps, which show where impervious surfaces, vegetation and
permeable surfaces will be. These coefficients are used to help
determine pollutant loadings, potential hydraulic impacts to receiving
waters and flooding impacts. They are also used in the design of post-
construction storm water management measures;
A site map indicating: (1) Anticipated drainage patterns
and slopes after major grading activities; (2) areas of soil
disturbance and areas that will not be disturbed; (3) locations of
major structural and nonstructural controls identified in the plan; (4)
locations of planned stabilization measures; (5) locations of surface
waters (including wetlands); (6) locations of discharge points to
surface waters; (7) off-site locations of equipment storage, material
storage, waste storage and borrow/fill areas. Site maps should also
include other major features and potential pollutant sources, such as
locations of impervious structures and soil storage piles;
A description of any discharge associated with industrial
activity other than construction (including storm water discharges from
dedicated asphalt plants, concrete plants, etc.) and the location of
that activity on the construction site;
The name of receiving waters and the areal extent of
wetlands at the site; and
Information on endangered and threatened species including
whether any endangered species are in proximity to the permit area as
defined in Addendum A to the permit.
2. Controls to Reduce Pollutants
The SWPPP must describe the implementation of practices that will
be used to reduce the pollutants in storm water discharges from the
site and assure compliance with the terms and conditions of the permit.
Four classes of controls must be developed and implemented: (1) Erosion
and sediment; (2) storm water management; (3) a specified set of other
controls; and (4) any applicable requirements of State, Tribal and
local sediment and erosion plans or storm water management plans.
The SWPPP must describe the intended sequence of major storm water
control activities and when, in relation to the construction process,
they will be implemented. EPA recognizes that many factors can impact
the actual construction schedule, so the permittee need not include
specific dates (e.g., plan could say install silt fence for area ``A''
before rough grading, rather than put up silt fences on August 15).
Good site planning and preservation of mature vegetation are imperative
for controlling pollution in storm water discharges both during and
after construction activities. Properly staging major earth disturbing
activities can also dramatically decrease the costs of sediment and
erosion controls.
Permittees must develop and implement controls in the SWPPP for
each of the four categories discussed below.
a. Erosion and Sediment Controls. Erosion and sediment controls
include both stabilization practices and structural practices. The
requirements for erosion and sediment controls for construction
activities in this permit have the following goals and criteria:
Construction phase erosion and sediment controls should be
designed with the objective to retain sediment on site;
Control measures must be properly selected and installed
in accordance with sound engineering practices and manufacturers
specifications;
Off-site accumulations of sediment must be regularly
removed to minimize impacts;
Sediment should be removed from sediment traps when the
design capacity has been reduced by 50%;
Litter shall be prevented from entering a receiving water;
and
Off-site material storage areas must be addressed in the
SWPPP.
b. Stabilization Practices. Stabilization practices are the first
line of defense in preventing erosion. The SWPPP must include a
description of interim and permanent stabilization practices, including
a schedule of their implementation. The permittee should ensure that
existing vegetation is preserved wherever possible and that disturbed
portions of the site are stabilized as quickly as practicable.
Stabilization practices include seeding of temporary vegetation,
seeding of permanent vegetation, mulching, geotextiles, sod
stabilization, vegetative buffer strips, preservation of trees and
mature vegetative buffer strips, and other appropriate measures.
Temporary stabilization can be the single-most important factor in
reducing erosion at construction sites.
Stabilization also involves preserving and protecting selected
trees on the site prior to development. Mature trees have extensive
canopy and root systems, which help to hold soil in place. Shade trees
also keep soil from drying rapidly and becoming susceptible to erosion.
Measures taken to protect trees can vary significantly, from simple
ones such as installing tree armoring and fencing around the drip line,
to more complex measures such as building retaining walls and tree
wells.
It is imperative that stabilization be employed as soon as possible
in critical areas. The CGP requires that, except in three situations,
stabilization measures must be instituted on disturbed areas as soon as
practicable, but no more than 14 days after construction activity has
temporarily or permanently ceased on any portion of the site. The three
exceptions to this requirement are the following:
When construction activities will resume on a portion of
the site within 21 days from suspension of previous construction
activities;
When the initiation of stabilization measures is precluded
by snow cover or frozen ground, in which case they must be initiated as
soon as practicable; and
In arid areas (areas with an average annual rainfall of 0
to 10 inches), semi-arid areas (10 to 20 inches) and areas experiencing
droughts; where the initiation of stabilization measures is precluded
by seasonal arid conditions. For the last case, stabilization measures
must be initiated as soon as precipitation becomes possible.
c. Structural Practices. The SWPPP must include a description of
structures built to divert flows from exposed soils, and store or
otherwise limit runoff and the discharge of pollutants from exposed
areas of the site. Structural controls are necessary because vegetative
controls cannot be employed where soil is continually disturbed and
because of the lag time before vegetation becomes effective. Options
for such controls include silt fences, earth dikes, drainage swales,
check dams, subsurface drains, pipe slope drains, level spreaders,
storm drain inlet protection, rock outlet protection, sediment traps,
reinforced soil retaining systems, gabions and temporary or permanent
sediment basins. Placement of structural controls in flood plains
should be avoided, rather they should be located on upland soils to the
degree possible.
For sites with more than 10 disturbed acres at a time, all of which
are served by a common drainage location, a sediment basin providing
3,600 cubic feet of storage per acre drained, or equivalent control
measures (such as suitably-sized dry wells or infiltration structures),
must be provided where
[[Page 7869]]
practicable until final stabilization of the site has been
accomplished. In lieu of the default 3,600 cubic feet/acre, the
permittee can calculate the basin size based on the expected runoff
volume from the local two-year, 24-hour storm event and local runoff
coefficient. Flows from off-site or on-site areas that are undisturbed
or have undergone final stabilization, may be diverted around both the
sediment basin and the disturbed area. These diverted flows can be
ignored when designing the sediment basin.
For the drainage locations which serve more than 10 disturbed acres
at a time and where a sediment basin designed according to the above
guidelines is not feasible, smaller sediment basins or traps should be
used. At a minimum, silt fences, vegetative buffer strips or equivalent
sediment controls are required for all down-slope and appropriate mid-
slope boundaries of the construction area. Diversion structures should
be used on upland boundaries of disturbed areas to prevent run-on from
impacting disturbed areas. EPA does not intend to imply that silt
fences or vegetative buffer strips on down-slope boundaries are the
only BMPs that need to be used to protect water quality. EPA encourages
the use of a combination of sediment and erosion control measures in
order to achieve maximum pollutant removal.
For drainage locations serving 10 or less acres, smaller sediment
basins or sediment traps should be used and, at a minimum, silt fences
or equivalent sediment controls are required for all down slope and
appropriate mid-slope boundaries of the construction area.
Alternatively, the permittee may install a sediment basin providing
storage for 3,600 cubic feet (or the alternative calculated volume) of
storage per acre drained. Diversion structures should be installed on
upland boundaries of disturbed areas to prevent run-on. EPA does not
intend to imply that silt fences or vegetative buffer strips on down-
slope boundaries are the only BMPs that need to be used to protect
water quality. EPA encourages the use of a combination of sediment and
erosion control measures in order to achieve maximum pollutant removal.
d. Storm Water Management. The SWPPP must include a description of
storm water management measure, however this permit addresses only the
installation of these measures; not the ongoing operation and
maintenance of them after cessation of construction activities and
final stabilization. Permittees are responsible only for the
installation and maintenance of storm water management measures prior
to final stabilization of the site. However, when selecting storm water
management measures, the amount of required maintenance should be
considered and whether there will be adequate resources for maintaining
them over the longer term.
Some discharges of pollutants from post-construction storm water
management structures may need to be authorized under an NPDES permit
(e.g., the construction project was an industrial facility in a sector
covered by the NPDES multi-sector general permit). The owner/operator
of such discharges may inquire with EPA if this requirement applies to
them.
Land development can significantly increase storm water runoff
volume and peak velocity if appropriate storm water management measures
are not implemented. In addition, post-development storm water
discharges will typically contain higher levels of pollutants,
including total suspended solids (TSS), heavy metals, nutrients and
high oxygen-demand components.
Storm water management measures installed during the construction
process can control the volume and velocity of runoff, as well as
reduce the quantity of pollutants discharged post-construction.
Reductions in peak discharge velocity and volume can reduce pollutant
loads as well as diminish physical impacts such as stream bank erosion
and stream bed scour. Storm water management measures that mitigate
changes to pre-development runoff characteristics assist in protecting
and maintaining the physical and biological characteristics of
receiving streams and wetlands.
Structural measures should be installed on upland areas to the
extent feasible. The installation of such measures may be subject to
section 404 of the CWA if they will be located in wetlands (or other
waters of the United States).
Options for storm water management measures that should be
evaluated in the development of plans include:
On-site infiltration of precipitation;
Flow attenuation by use of open vegetated swales and
natural depressions;
Storm water retention/detention structures (including wet
ponds); and
Sequential systems using multiple methods.
The pollution prevention plan shall include an explanation of the
technical basis used to select control measures, where flows exceed
pre-development levels. This explanation should address how a number of
factors were evaluated including the pollutant removal efficiencies of
the measures, costs of the measures, site-specific factors that will
affect the utility of the measures, whether the measure is economically
achievable at a particular site and any other relevant factors.
Although not a limitation or performance standard in the permit,
EPA anticipates that storm water management measures at many sites will
be able to achieve removal of at least 80% of total suspended solids. A
number of storm water management measures can be used to achieve this
level of control, including:
Properly designed and installed wet ponds;
Infiltration trenches and basins;
Sand filter systems;
Manmade storm water wetlands; and
Multiple pond systems.
The pollutant removal efficiencies of various storm water
management measures can be estimated from a number of sources,
including ``Storm Water Management for Construction Activities:
Developing Pollution Prevention Plans and Best Management Practices,''
U.S. EPA, 1992, and ``A Current Assessment of Urban Best Management
Practices'' prepared for U.S. EPA by Metropolitan Washington Council of
Governments, March 1992.
In selecting storm water management measures, the permittee should
consider the impacts of each method on other water resources, such as
ground water. Although SWPPPs primarily focus on storm water
management, EPA encourages facilities to avoid creating groundwater
pollution problems. For example, if the water table is high in an area
or soils are especially porous, an infiltration pond may contaminate
the groundwater unless special preventive measures are taken. Per EPA's
July 1991 Ground Water Protection Strategy, States are encouraged to
develop Comprehensive State Ground Water Protection Programs (CSGWPP).
Efforts to control storm water should be compatible with State or
Tribal ground water objectives as reflected in CSGWPPs. Storm water
controls, such as wet ponds, should also be designed to have minimal
safety risks, especially to children.
The evaluation of whether the pollutant loadings and the hydrologic
conditions (the volume of discharge) of flows exceed pre-development
levels can be based on hydrologic models which consider conditions such
as the natural vegetation endemic to the area.
Increased discharge velocities can greatly accelerate erosion near
the outlet of structural measures. To mitigate these effects, velocity
dissipation devices should be placed at discharge points
[[Page 7870]]
and along the length of a runoff conveyance, as necessary, to provide a
non-erosive flow. Velocity dissipation devices help protect a water
body's natural, pre-construction physical and biological uses and
characteristics (e.g., hydrologic conditions such as the hydro period
and hydrodynamics).
e. Other Controls. Other controls to be addressed in SWPPPs for
construction activities are for compliance with the requirement that
nonsolid materials, including building material wastes, not be
discharged at the site except as authorized by a section 404 permit.
This permit requires vehicular tracking of soil off-site and the
generation of dust must be minimized. Dust and dirt-tracking can be
minimized by measures such as providing gravel or paving at entrance/
exit drive paths, parking areas and unpaved transit ways on the site
carrying significant amounts of traffic (i.e., more than 25 vehicles
per day); providing entrance wash racks or stations for trucks; and
performing street sweeping.
In addition, the SWPPP must clearly show compliance with applicable
State/Tribal or local sanitary sewer, septic system and waste disposal
regulations to the extent they apply to the permitted activity.\4\ The
plan must also contain a description of practices to reduce pollutants
from construction-related materials which are stored on site, including
a description of said construction materials (with updates as
appropriate). The plan should include a description of pollutant
sources from areas untouched by construction and a description of
controls and measures which will be implemented in those areas.
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\4\ In rural and suburban areas served by septic systems,
malfunctioning septic systems can contribute pollutants to storm
water discharges. Malfunctioning septic tanks may be a more
significant surface runoff pollution problem than a groundwater
problem. This is because a malfunctioning septic system is less
likely to cause groundwater contamination where a bacterial mat in
the soil retards the downward movement of wastewater. Surface
contamination can be caused by clogged or impermeable soils, or when
clogged or collapsed pipes force untreated wastewater to the
surface. The extent of surface contamination can vary in degree from
occasional damp patches to constant pooling or runoff of wastewater.
These discharges have high bacteria, nitrate and nutrient levels and
can contain a variety of household chemicals. This permit does not
establish new criteria for septic systems, but rather requires
addressing existing State or local criteria.
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The plan must also include measures to protect listed endangered
and threatened species and/or critical habitat (if applicable),
including any terms or conditions that are imposed pursuant to the
eligibility requirements of Part I.B.3.e and Addendum A of this permit,
from storm water discharges or BMPs to control storm water runoff.
Failure to include these measures will result in the storm water
discharges from the construction activities being ineligible for
coverage under this permit. (See section VI. Endangered Species
Protection and also section VIII. Summary of Responses to Comments for
more discussion.)
f. State/Tribal and Local Controls. Many States, Tribes,
municipalities and counties have developed sediment and erosion control
requirements for construction activities. A significant number have
also developed storm water management requirements. The CGP requires
that SWPPPs for facilities that discharge storm water associated with
industrial activity from construction activities be consistent with
procedures and requirements of State/Tribal and local sediment and
erosion control plans and storm water management plans. The proposed
requirement to have permit applicants certify that their SWPPP
incorporates requirements related to protecting water resources that
are specified in State/Tribal or local sediment and erosion plans or
storm water management plans has been eliminated.
g. Maintenance. Erosion and sediment controls can become
ineffective if they are damaged or not properly maintained. The SWPPP
requires all erosion and sediment control measures to be maintained in
effective operating condition. If site inspections identify BMPs that
are not operating effectively, maintenance must be performed before the
next anticipated storm event. If maintenance before the next
anticipated storm event is impracticable, maintenance must be completed
as soon as practicable.
h. Inspections. Permittees must inspect designated areas on the
site at least once every 14 calendar days, and within 24 hours after
any storm event of 0.5 inches or greater. EPA also recommends that
permittees perform a ``walk through'' inspection of the construction
site before anticipated storm events (or series of events such as
intermittent showers over a period of days) that could potentially
yield a significant amount of runoff.
Visual inspections must comprise, at a minimum:
Disturbed areas;
Areas used for storage of exposed materials;
Sediment and erosion control measures; and
Locations where vehicles enter or exit the site.
For sites that have undergone stabilization (temporary or final) or
experience seasonal aridity (average annual rainfall of 0 to 10 inches)
or semi-aridity (annual rainfall of 10 to 20 inches), inspections must
be conducted at least once a month. Where construction activity has
been halted due to frozen conditions, inspections are not required
until one month before thawing is expected (i.e., snowmelt runoff would
commence).
Where discharge points are accessible, they must be inspected to
ascertain whether erosion control measures are effective in preventing
impacts to receiving waters. This can be done by inspecting the waters
for evidence of erosion or sediment introduction. If discharge points
are inaccessible, the permit requires that nearby downstream locations
be inspected, if practicable.
Were an inspection to reveal inadequacies, the site description and
pollution prevention measures identified in the SWPPP must be revised.
All necessary modifications to the SWPPP must be made within seven
calendar days following the inspection. If existing BMPs need to be
modified or if additional BMPs are necessary, implementation shall be
completed before the next anticipated storm event. If implementation
before the next storm event is impracticable, they shall be implemented
as soon as practicable.
Once an inspection has been performed, a report containing the
following must be retained with the SWPPP for up to three years after
the site has been finally stabilized:
Components and scope of the inspection;
Names and qualifications of personnel conducting the
inspection;
Dates of the inspection;
Observations relating to the implementation of the SWPP;
Actions taken; and
Incidents of non-compliance.
If no incidents of non-compliance were found, the report shall
contain a certification that the facility is in compliance with the
SWPPP and this permit. Finally, the report must be signed in accordance
with the signatory requirements in Part VI. Standard Permit Conditions
section of the CGP.
Diligent inspections are vital for ensuring effective
implementation of sediment and erosion controls, particularly in the
later stages of construction when the volume of runoff is greatest and
storage capacity of sediment basins has been reduced.
i. Non-Storm Water Discharges. The SWPPP must identify and ensure
the implementation of appropriate pollution prevention measures for
each of the eligible non-storm water components of the discharge
covered by this permit. The eligible non-storm water discharges
[[Page 7871]]
are discussed in section V. Part III. Special Conditions, Management
Practices, and Other Non-Numeric Limitations in the Fact Sheet.
j. Additional Requirements. Storm water from a permitted industrial
source other than construction activities is authorized for discharge
when commingled with construction storm water only under the following
conditions: (1) The other industrial source is located on the same site
as the construction activity; and (2) storm water discharges from the
permitted construction site are in compliance with the terms of this
permit.
k. Contractors and Subcontractors. The SWPPP must identify who will
be responsible for implementing each measure contained in the plan. It
is the permittee's responsibility to provide necessary information on
complying with their SWPPP and the permit to their contractors and
subcontractors.
Part V. Retention of Records
The permittee must retain all records and reports required by this
permit, including SWPPPs and information used to complete the NOI, for
at least three years from the date of final stabilization. This period
may be extended by request of the Director.
A copy of the SWPPP must be kept at the construction site from the
date of project initiation to the date of final stabilization.
Permittees with day-to-day operational control over the plan's
implementation must keep a copy of the plan readily available whenever
they are on site (a central location accessible by all on-site
operators is sufficient). If an on-site location is unavailable to
store the SWPPP when no personnel are present, notice of the plan's
location must be conspicuously posted at the construction site. A copy
of the SWPPP must be readily available to authorized inspectors during
normal business hours.
Part VI. Standard Permit Conditions
This section of the permit contains the standard permit conditions
required by 40 CFR 122.41. One condition is the procedure for continued
coverage under a general permit if it expires prior to a replacement
permit being issued. In short, the expired permit would remain in full
force and effect in accordance with the Administrative Procedures Act.
Any permittee granted coverage prior to the permit's expiration date
will automatically remain covered by the continued permit until the
earliest of:
The permit being reissued or replaced;
The permittee terminating coverage by submitting an NOT;
Issuance of an individual permit for the permittee's
discharges; or
A formal decision by the Director not to reissue the
general permit, at which time the permittee must seek coverage under an
alternative general permit or an individual permit.
(For more information, see section VIII. Summary of Responses to
Comments on the Proposed Permit.)
Part VII. Reopener Clause
The permit contains a reopener clause allowing the permit to be
reopened and modified for cause during the term of the permit.
Generally, this would be triggered by a water quality concern, a change
in NPDES statutes, or to incorporate procedures developed by the EPA
and the Advisory Council for Historic Preservation to provide for
additional consideration of effects to properties either listed or
eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places.
Part VIII. Notice of Termination Requirements
Permittees must submit a completed Notice of Termination (NOT) that
is signed according to Part VI.G of the permit when one or more of the
conditions contained in Part I.D.2 of the permit have been met. NOTs
must be submitted using the form provided by the Director (i.e., use
the existing NOI form found in Appendix D of the permit until the
revised version is published in its final form in the Federal
Register), or a photocopy thereof. NOTs provide EPA with a useful
mechanism to track the status of projects which are actively covered by
the permit.
Significant parts of the NOT are:
Permittee name and contact information, and site location
information;
The permit number which is being terminated;
Permittee certification that he understands that
submission of the NOT means he no longer will have authorization to
discharge storm water associated with construction activity;
Clarification that the authorization to discharge ends at
midnight of the day the NOT is postmarked; and
The conditions under which an NOT can be submitted.
Part IX. Definitions
The permit contains 21 definitions of statutory, regulatory and
other terms important for understanding the permit and its
requirements. See section VIII. Summary of Responses to Comments for
discussions on the critical definitions of ``operator'' and ``final
stabilization.''
Part X. Permit Conditions Applicable to Specific States, Indian Country
Lands or Territories
Permit conditions that only apply to construction projects located
in a specific State, Indian land or other area are in Part X of the
permit. These conditions are modifications or additions to analogous
conditions in Parts I through IX of the ``generic'' portion of the CGP,
and reflect additional requirements arising from the State section 401
(Clean Water Act) or Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA) certification
processes or as otherwise established by the permitting authority. EPA
must include any more stringent permit conditions required by a State
or Tribe to get State/Tribal certifications of the permit under section
401 (See 40 CFR 122.44(d)(3)) or CZMA (See 40 CFR 122.49(d)).
Areas with special area-specific conditions are:
Region 1
Commonwealth of Massachusetts, except Indian Country
lands.
State of Maine, except Indian Country lands.
Region 8
Indian Country lands in the State of Montana.
Region 9
State of Arizona, except Indian Country lands.
Island of Guam.
Commonwealth of Northern Mariana Islands.
Region 10
State of Alaska, except Indian Country lands.
State of Idaho, except Indian Country lands.
Federal facilities in the State of Washington, except
those located on Indian Country lands.
Indian Country lands in the State of Washington.
VI. Endangered Species Protection
A. Background
The CGP also contains conditions to ensure the activities regulated
by it are protective of species that are listed under the Endangered
Species Act (ESA) as endangered or threatened (known as ``listed
species''), and listed species habitat that is designated under the ESA
as critical (``critical habitat''). In addition, the permit's coverage
does not extend to discharges and discharge-related activities likely
to jeopardize the continued existence of species proposed but not yet
listed as endangered or threatened or result in the adverse
[[Page 7872]]
modification of habitat proposed to be designated critical habitat.
The ESA places several different requirements on activities covered
by the CGP. First, section 9 of the ESA and the ESA implementing
regulations generally prohibit any person from ``taking'' a listed
animal species (e.g., harassing or harming it) unless the take is
authorized under the ESA. This prohibition applies to all entities and
includes EPA, permit applicants, permittees and the public at large.
Second, section 7(a)(2) of the ESA requires that Federal agencies
consult with the Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) or the National Marine
Fisheries Service (NMFS) (``the Services'') to insure that any action
authorized, funded or carried out by them (also known as ``agency
actions'') are not likely to jeopardize the continued existence of any
listed species or result in the destruction or adverse modification of
critical habitat. Jeopardizing the continued existence of a listed
species means to engage in an action that reasonably would be expected,
directly or indirectly, to reduce appreciably the likelihood of both
the survival and recovery of a listed species in the wild by reducing
the reproduction, numbers or distribution of that species (See 40 CFR
402.02).
The ESA section 7 implementing regulations at 50 CFR 402 apply this
consultation requirement to any action authorized by a Federal agency
that may affect listed species or critical habitat, including permits.
This effect, among other things, can be beneficial, detrimental, direct
and indirect. The issuance of the CGP by EPA is thus subject to the ESA
section 7(a)(2) consultation requirements. Finally, ESA section 7(a)(1)
directs Federal agencies to use their authority to further the purposes
of the ESA by carrying out programs for the conservation of listed
species, and section 7(a)(4) directs Federal agencies to confer with
the Services on Agency actions likely to jeopardize the existence of
species proposed but not yet finally listed or result in the adverse
modification of critical habitat proposed to be designated.
The ESA regulations provide for two types of consultation; formal
and informal. Informal consultation is an optional process that
includes discussions, correspondence, etc. between the Services and a
Federal agency or a designated non-Federal representative (NFR) to
determine whether a Federal action is likely to have an adverse effect
on listed species or critical habitat. During informal consultation the
Services may suggest modifications to the action that a Federal agency,
permit applicant or non-Federal representative could implement to avoid
likely adverse effects to listed species or critical habitat. If
adverse effects are likely and those effects cannot be addressed
through informal consultation, then formal consultation generally
occurs.
Formal consultation is a 135-day process that results in issuance
of a biological opinion by the Services in which they determine whether
the Federal action is likely to jeopardize the existence of a listed
species or result in adverse modification or destruction of critical
habitat. Formal consultation can also provide authorization for
anticipated incidental take of listed animal species, provided any such
take is consistent with an incidental take statement contained in the
biological opinion. While informal consultation is not a prerequisite
to formal consultation, most section 7 consultations are carried out as
informal consultations.
Federal permit applicants frequently play a key role in both formal
and informal consultation. The ESA regulations provide for permit
applicants, where designated, to carry out informal consultations as a
NFR, which enables them to work directly with the Services (See 50 CFR
402.08). EPA has designated applicants for this storm water
construction general permit as non-Federal representatives. The
regulations also provide for the participation of permit applicants in
formal consultation (See 50 CFR 402.14 and 51 FR 19939 [June 3, 1986]).
Also of relevance for the CGP are ESA section 10 incidental taking
permits. Section 10 of the ESA allows persons, including non-Federal
entities to incidentally take listed animal species, where otherwise
prohibited, through the issuance of a permit after development of a
habitat conservation plan (HCP). These procedures were developed to
allow non-Federal entities such as developers to, among other things,
alter habitat without incurring takings liability where take is
minimized to the extent practicable.
B. Conditions in the June 2, 1997 Proposed Permit to Protect Species
and Critical Habitat
The CGP was proposed with a number of conditions to ensure that
storm water discharges and best management practices (BMPs) to control
storm water run off were protective of listed species or critical
habitat. Specifically, coverage under the proposed CGP would be granted
only under the following circumstances:
1. An applicant's storm water discharges or BMPs to control storm
water runoff were not likely to adversely affect listed species
(identified in Addendum A of the permit) or critical habitat; or
2. The applicant's activity was previously authorized under section
7 or section 10 of the Endangered Species Act (ESA) and that
authorization addressed storm water discharges and BMPs to control
storm water runoff; or
3. The applicant's activity was considered as part of a larger,
more comprehensive assessment of impacts on endangered and threatened
species under section 7 or section 10 of the ESA which accounted for
storm water discharges and BMPs to control storm water runoff; or
4. Consultation under section 7 of the ESA was conducted for the
applicant's activity which resulted in either a no jeopardy opinion or
a written concurrence on a finding of no likelihood of adverse effects;
or
5. The applicant's activity was considered as part of a larger,
more comprehensive site-specific assessment of impacts on endangered
and threatened species by the owner or other operator of the site and
that permittee certified eligibility under items 1., 2., 3. or 4.
above.
The proposal required that applicants assess the impacts of their
``storm water discharges'' and ``BMPs to control storm water run off''
on listed species and critical habitat that are located ``in
proximity'' to the those discharges and BMPs when developing Storm
Water Pollution Prevention Plans (SWPPPs) as part of the application
process. The proposed CGP also required applicants to include measures
in SWPPPs to protect listed species and critical habitat. ``In
proximity'' was defined in Addendum A to include species:
Located in the path or immediate area through which or
over which contaminated point source storm water flows from
construction activities to the point of discharge into the receiving
water;
Located in the immediate vicinity of, or nearby, the point
of discharge into receiving waters; or
Located in the area of a site where storm water BMPs are
planned or are to be constructed.
EPA also solicited comment on whether the area or scope of impacts
to be considered by applicants should be broadened to encompass listed
species found on the entire construction site and not just those
species found ``in
[[Page 7873]]
proximity'' as currently defined in Addendum A.
Failure by permittees to abide by measures in their SWPPPs to
protect species and critical habitat would invalidate permit coverage.
Attached to the proposed permits were instructions (Addendum A) to
assist permit applicants in making this inquiry. The proposal indicated
that a county-by-county species list would be included in Addendum A of
the final permit to assist applicants in determining if listed species
might be ``in proximity'' to storm water discharges and BMPs. EPA did
not provide a draft species list in proposed Addendum A. Instead, EPA
referred commenters to a similar species list that was used for an
earlier EPA-issued storm water permit, the Multisector Storm Water
General Permit, that was issued on September 29, 1995 (see 62 FR 29792,
note 12, June 2, 1997).
C. Final CGP Conditions To Protect Listed Species
On April 28, 1997, EPA entered into formal consultation with the
Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) and the National Marine Fisheries
Service (NMFS) (the ``Services'') for issuance of the CGP. After
discussions with the Services, EPA terminated formal consultation and
entered into ESA section 7 informal consultation and conferencing with
the Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) and the National Fisheries Service
Services (NMFS) on June 11, 1997. On November 4, and 26, 1997, EPA
completed ESA informal consultation when NMFS and FWS provided their
respective concurrences with EPA's finding that issuance of the CGP was
not likely to adversely affect listed species or critical habitat.
Based on that consultation and in consideration of comments received on
the June 2, 1997, proposal, EPA has placed the following conditions in
the permit to protect listed species and critical habitat (see Part
I.B.3.e). Coverage under the CGP is available only if:
a. The storm water discharges and storm water discharge-related
activities are not likely to adversely affect listed species or
critical habitat (Part I.B.3.e.(2)(a)); or
b. Formal or informal consultation with the Services under section
7 of the Endangered Species Act (ESA) has been concluded which
addresses the effects of the applicant's storm water discharges and
storm water discharge-related activities on listed species and critical
habitat and the consultation results in either a no jeopardy opinion or
a written concurrence by the Service(s) on a finding that the
applicant's storm water discharges and storm water discharge-related
activities are not likely to adversely affect listed species or
critical habitat. A section 7 consultation may occur in the context of
another Federal on (e.g., an ESA section 7 consultation was performed
for issuance of a wetlands dredge and fill permit for the project, or
as part of a National Environmental Policy Act [NEPA] review); or
c. The applicant's construction activities are covered by a permit
under section 10 of the ESA and that permit addresses the effects of
the applicant's storm water discharges and storm water discharge-
related activities on listed species and critical habitat (Part
I.B.3.e.(2)(c)); or
d. The applicant's storm water discharges and storm water
discharge-related activities were already addressed in another
operator's certification of eligibility under Part I.B.3.e.(2)(a), (b),
or (c) which included the applicant's project area. By certifying
eligibility under Part I.B.3.e.(2)(d), the applicant agrees to comply
with any measures or controls upon which the other operator's
certification under Part I.B.3.e.(2)(a), (b) or (c) was based.
The CGP requires that applicants consider effects to listed species
and critical habitat when developing SWPPPs and require that those
plans include measures, as appropriate, to protect those resources.
Failure by permittees to abide by measures in the SWPPPs to protect
species and critical habitat may invalidate permit coverage.
Addendum A contains instructions to assist permit applicants in
making this inquiry. Those instructions require that applicants
ascertain: (1) If their construction activities would occur in critical
habitat; (2) whether listed species are in the project area; and (3)
whether the applicant's storm water discharges and discharge-related
activities are likely to adversely affect listed species or critical
habitat. If adverse effects are likely, then applicants would have to
meet one of the eligibility requirements of Part I.B.3.e.(2)(b)-(d)
(paragraphs b., c., and d. above) to receive permit coverage.
``Discharge-related activities'' include activities which cause point
source storm water pollutant discharges including but not limited to
excavation, site development, and other surface disturbing activities,
and measures to control, reduce or prevent storm water pollution
including the siting, construction and operation of BMPs. The ``project
area'' includes:
1. Area(s) on the construction site where storm water discharges
originate and flow towards the point of discharge into the receiving
waters (this includes the entire area or areas where excavation, site
development, or other ground disturbance activities occur), and the
immediate vicinity;
2. Area(s) where storm water discharges flow from the construction
site to the point of discharge into receiving waters;
3. Area(s) where storm water from construction activities
discharges into the receiving waters and the area(s) in the immediate
vicinity of the point of discharge; and
4. Area(s) where storm water BMPs will be constructed and operated,
including any area(s) where storm water flows to and from BMPs.
The project area will vary with the size and structure of the
construction activity, the nature and quantity of the storm water
discharges, the measures (including BMPs) to control storm water
runoff, and the type of receiving waters.
Addendum A also contains a list of listed and proposed species
organized by State and county to assist applicants in determining if
further inquiry necessary as to whether listed species are present in
the project area. This list is current as of September 1, 1997, and
will be updated periodically and made available on the Office of
Wastewater Management's website at ``http://www.epa.gov/owm''. CGP
applicants can also get updated species information for their county by
calling the appropriate FWS or NMFS office. EPA Region 2 applicants \5\
can also contact the EPA Region 6 and Region 2 Storm Water Hotline (1-
800-245-6510) for updated species information. Applicants from other
EPA Regions can contact the appropriate EPA Regional storm water office
for updated species information.
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\5\ Region 2 permit areas include Indian Country lands in the
State of New York and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.
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The CGP also requires that applicants comply with any conditions
imposed under the eligibility requirements of Part I.B.3.e.(2)a., b.,
c., or d. above to remain eligible for coverage under this permit. Such
conditions must be incorporated in the applicant's SWPPP. The CGP does
not authorize any prohibited take (as defined under section 3 of the
ESA and 50 CFR 17.3) of endangered or threatened species unless such
takes are authorized under sections 7 or 10 of the ESA. The CGP does
not authorize any storm water discharges or storm water discharge-
related activities that are likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of any species that are listed or proposed to be listed as
endangered or threatened
[[Page 7874]]
under the ESA or result in the adverse modification or destruction of
habitat that is designated or proposed to be designated as critical
under the ESA.
It is EPA's intention to provide permit applicants with the
greatest possible flexibility in meeting permit requirements for
protecting listed species and critical habitat. Thus, EPA is allowing
applicants to use either section 7 or section 10 ESA mechanisms to
address situations where adverse effects are likely (see Part
I.B.3.e.(2)(b) and (c)). Also, to give applicants additional
flexibility in meeting the Part I.B.3.e. eligibility requirements and
with the timing of informal consultations, the permit automatically
designates CGP applicants as non-Federal representatives for the
purpose of carrying out informal consultation. However, EPA notes that
meeting ESA requirements raise difficult implementation issues on how
to best ensure that the permits are protective of listed species and
critical habitats without unduly burdening permit applicants,
permittees, and State, local, and Federal governmental entities. Thus,
EPA intends in the future to review those permit conditions and
procedures that relate to the ESA and the protection of historic
resources to see how well that goal has been achieved and may revise
the permits if necessary to better achieve that goal.
VII. Historic Property Protection
A. Background
The National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, (NHPA)
establishes a national historic preservation program for the
identification and protection of historic properties and resources.
Under the NHPA, identification of historic properties is coordinated by
the State Historic Preservation Officers (SHPOs), Tribal Historic
Preservation Officers (THPOs) or other Tribal Representatives (in the
absence of a THPO). Section 106 of the NHPA requires Federal agencies
to take into account the effects of their actions (also known as
``Federal undertakings'' in the NHPA regulations) on historic
properties that are listed or eligible for listing on the National
Register of Historic Places and to seek comments from an independent
reviewing agency, the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation (ACHP).
The permit was proposed with a number of conditions pertaining to the
consideration of historic properties. EPA has decided to not include
those conditions because the ACHP and the National Conference of State
Historic Preservation Officers (NCSHPO) have requested that EPA not
include such conditions in the final permit at this time. The ACHP and
the NCSHPO have recommended that EPA issue the permit but recommend
that EPA continue working with them and Tribes regarding the possible
development of a more comprehensive and efficient approach to ensure
that effects to historic properties are given appropriate consideration
while ensuring undue burdens are not imposed on applicants and
regulatory authorities. EPA plans to continue working with the ACHP,
NCSHPO and Tribes on this effort and may modify the permit to
incorporate procedures regarding the protection of historic resources
at a later date.
B. Future CGP Conditions To Protect or Consider Effects to Historic
Properties
In response to comments received on the proposal and because the
Agency is still discussing historic preservation with the Advisory
Council on Historic Preservation (ACHP), the final permit reserves
permit requirements related to historic preservation. The permit does
not currently include the eligibility restrictions and evaluation
requirements from the proposed permit. After future discussions with
the ACHP, EPA may modify the permit to reflect those discussions.
VIII. Summary of Responses to Comments on the Proposed Permit
The following is a summary of EPA's response to comments received
on the proposed CGP which was published in the Federal Register on June
2, 1997 (62 FR 29786). Due to the large number of comments received,
comments and responses have been categorized and placed into 10 major
categories such as ``Coverage of General Permits'' and ``Protection of
Endangered Species.''
Coverage of General Permits
Common Plan of Development or Sale
Many comments were received regarding permitting requirements for
projects that are less than five acres but are part of a ``larger
common plan of development or sale (``Larger Common Plan'') disturbing
at least 5 acres.'' The volume and nature of the comments showed that
the regulated community and the public needed additional guidance on
this issue.
Under Phase I of the storm water program, an NPDES permit to
discharge storm water associated with construction activity is only
needed when a ``common plan of development or sale'' will disturb five
or more acres. The simple case is when the ``common plan'' is to
construct a single building, etc., for a single owner. The more
complicated case needing clarification is when the common plan consists
of several smaller construction projects that cumulatively will disturb
five or more acres, but may or may not be under construction at the
same time. Residential development with houses being built by several
homebuilders in a master planned subdivision is an excellent example of
this second case.
For illustration purposes, many examples in the explanation below
assume a more complex residential development of single family homes
with a developer putting in the infrastructure and common areas (e.g.,
roads, sewers, parks, etc) and selling groups of lots to homebuilders
and single lots to individuals. The same rationale used for these
residential construction examples would apply to any project with
multiple parts. For example, when building a new runway, the associated
taxiways, and additional hangers, terminals, parking lots, etc., at an
airport would be a common plan of development.
For sites disturbing less than five acres, the first steps in
deciding if a permit is needed for storm water discharges associated
with construction activity are determining:
1. Is there a ``common plan of development or sale'' tying
individual sites together? (e.g., Are the lots part of a subdivision
plat filed with the local land use planning authority?) and
2. Will the total area disturbed by all of the individual sites add
up to five or more acres? (e.g., If you added up all of the acreage
that will need to be disturbed to completely build out the subdivision
as planned, would there be five or more acres disturbed?)
If the answer to both questions is no, a storm water discharge
permit is not needed unless EPA determines that discharges contribute
to a violation of water quality standards or are a significant
contributor of pollutants to waters of the United States and
specifically requests a permit application. This permit provides for
coverage of such dischargers once designated.
Note: The disturbed acreage threshold may be less than five
acres for Phase II of the storm water program. Proposed regulations
for Phase II are expected December 1997 with final regulations due
in March 1999.
The Larger Common Plan concept does have to be applied with some
common sense and should not be taken to extremes. For example, every
construction project within a city would not be considered part of a
common plan of development just because the
[[Page 7875]]
city has a land use master plan or zoning map. EPA interprets the term
more narrowly. Building a house on a vacant lot in a residential
subdivision plat filed by a developer would be part of that
subdivision's larger common plan of development or sale. Any earth
disturbing activity necessary to complete the planned project (e.g.,
grading lots, installation of utilities, building roads, preparing
storm water control structures), plus various support activities such
as exposed materials storage and equipment staging areas, are
considered to be part of the construction activity that could result in
a regulated discharge of storm water.
Once a residence has been completed and occupied by the homeowner
(or tenant), future activities by the homeowner on their individual lot
are not considered part of the original common plan of development
(which was the industrial activity of building houses on each
subdivided lot). After a home is occupied by the homeowner or a tenant,
future construction activity on that particular lot is considered a new
and distinct project and is compared to applicable disturbed acreage
limits for permit applicability. For example, if homeowner decides to
install a swimming pool after occupying the house, only the disturbed
area on their lot--not the total acreage of the subdevelopment--is
considered for determining whether a permit is needed. Likewise,
demolition and reconstruction of individual houses originally built as
part of a common plan of development, including those destroyed or
damaged by fire or natural disasters, are also considered to be ``new''
plans of development/redevelopment, and not part of Larger Common Plan.
Once the extent of the Larger Common Plan has been determined, the
total acreage to be disturbed must be calculated. A single \1/4\ acre
lot is not large enough by itself to require a permit, but since 100
such lots in a subdivision would disturb 25 acres (if the entire area
of each lot was disturbed), permit coverage is needed. Please note,
permit coverage under the general permit is for all of the permittee's
activities on the Larger Common Plan. Site-by-site permitting (i.e.,
submitting a separate NOI and preparing a separate storm water
pollution prevention plan for each individual lot) would negate one of
the principle advantages of the general permit and is not required by
EPA.
Of particular concern to many homebuilders is the issue of lots
left over when the original development is substantially complete. It
is EPA's position that the unbuilt lots remain part of the Larger
Common Plan, but total disturbed acreage can be recalculated if: (1)
All areas of the site achieve final stabilization or are turned over to
a homeowner, and permit coverage is or could be terminated; and (2) the
total remaining area of the Larger Common Plan is less than five acres.
A permit is not necessary if the total acreage remaining to be built
upon out of the Large Common Plan is less than five acres. On the other
hand, if there were 22\1/4\-acre lots left unbuilt (total 5\1/2\
acres), permit coverage would have to be obtained to build on even one
of the remaining lots since the ``common plan'' would still be capable
of disturbing more than five acres. Once three of these last \1/4\-acre
lots were completed and stabilized, the total area remaining out of the
original common plan with the potential to be disturbed would be only
4\3/4\ acres.
EPA believes this approach maintains the intent of regulating
projects that disturb five or more acres while applying common sense in
interpreting the regulation. A common plan of development must at least
be theoretically capable of having five or more acres of land disturbed
at one time in order to trigger the need for a permit. Requiring that
all parts of the project, including unbuilt portions of the Larger
Common Plan of development, have achieved final stabilization before
total disturbed acreage can be ``recalculated'' insures that there is a
period of time during which all discharges of storm water associated
with construction activity from the common plan of development or sale
have ceased. The requirement to compare disturbed acreage to the total
remaining unbuilt acreage of the Larger Common Plan protects against
attempts to artifically divide a project in such a way as to avoid
providing environmental controls for construction activities.
Support Activities
EPA received several comments requesting clarification on support
activities eligible for, or required to obtain, permit coverage. As
noted by many of these commenters, off-site areas are commonly used for
storage of fill material or soil excavated from the construction site,
borrow areas to obtain fill material, storage of building materials,
concrete batch plants, or storage of construction equipment. Several
citizens expressed concern that erosion and sediment from off-site
areas used for storage or disposal of fill material were not being
adequately controlled. A State highway department questioned whether a
support base used for several nearby roadway projects would be eligible
for coverage.
EPA agrees that where activities at off-site locations would not
exist without the construction project, discharges of pollutants in
storm water from these areas must be controlled. Changes have been made
to part I.B. of the permit to clarify the permit and allow coverage for
sites used by an operator to support several nearby projects. It
remains the responsibility of the operator of the support area to
assure permit coverage is obtained.
Off-site storage areas, support bases, disposal areas and borrow
areas used for a construction project are considered to be part of the
Larger Common Plan and must be addressed by the pollution prevention
plan in certain instances. The pollution prevention plan for the
construction project must include controls for all off-site areas
directly supporting the construction project, unless the offsite
location is a fixed base of operations (e.g. construction company's
home office, warehouse, commerical warehouse, landfill, equipment yard,
etc. used for all construction projects) or can be considered a stand-
alone industrial or commercial activity serving multiple customers.
Allowing such off-site locations to be permitted under the construction
permit for the construction site avoids the need for a separate permit
for the remote location.
Where the same operator uses a temporary off-site location to
support construction activities at several nearby locations, permit
coverage may be obtained by identifying the site and including controls
for this common site in at least one of the pollution prevention plans
for the individual construction projects. For example, a common support
area for three highway projects could be permitted by identifying the
site, including appropriate controls in at least one of the three
pollution prevention plans for the separate projects, and insuring that
an NOT is not submitted until the support area is finally stabilized.
Non-Storm Water
Several comments were received about the permit's authorization of
non-storm water discharges. In response, this permit only authorizes
the discharge of non-storm waters listed in Part III.A.3, and only when
such discharges are identified in the storm water pollution prevention
plan and appropriate controls are included. During the construction
process, non-storm waters listed in Part III.A.3 are authorized for
discharge either alone or when commingled with storm water. The
[[Page 7876]]
Agency also notes that EPA can request individual permit applications
for such discharges where appropriate. The Agency is not requiring that
flows from fire-fighting activities be identified in plans because of
the emergency nature of such discharges and because of the
unpredictability of their occurrence.
EPA would also like to clarify certain questions which were raised
regarding the list of non-storm water discharges that are authorized.
For example, operators were unclear whether dewatering of trenches is
authorized under the permit. In response, EPA believes that discharges
associated with the dewatering of trenches is the same type of water
contemplated by the term ``ground water dewatering.'' As such, EPA
believes that this discharge would be authorized by the permit.
Operators also asked whether discharges associated with dust control
are authorized. In response, EPA would note that this discharge is
specifically authorized by the permit.
Several commenters asked whether detergents would be allowed in
discharges resulting from washing vehicles. In response to this issue,
EPA believes that detergents should not be necessary to remove sediment
from trucks which would be the primary purpose for washing vehicles at
the construction site. The final permit was clarified to specify that
truck wash water would only be allowed if detergents were not included
in the discharge.
Wetlands
One commenter requested clarification between the section 402 NPDES
and section 404 Dredge and Fill permitting programs. The NPDES and
section 404 programs are implemented by EPA and the Department of the
Army, respectively. Activities which involve the discharge of dredged
or fill material into wetlands are regulated under section 404 of the
CWA, which requires a permit from the Corps. However, construction
activities (i.e., clearing grading, and excavation) that result in
storm water discharge into wetlands are regulated under the NPDES
program and require a permit from EPA.
Several commenters expressed concern over the loss or degradation
of wetlands and how their protection could be addressed in the
construction general permit. Another commenter raised concern regarding
the draining of wetlands and its adverse effect on fisheries under
statistically expected drought conditions. EPA recognizes the
commenters' concerns about construction activity impacts to wetlands.
Because impacts to wetlands from dredged and fill material are already
established and enforced under section 404 of the CWA, EPA is not
incorporating any further language in today's permit regarding such
requirements.
One commenter raised concerns about wetlands in proximity to the
construction activity, which may receive drainage from the site. The
commenter was concerned that such areas be considered under the general
permit requirements. In response, EPA agrees to change the wording in
Part IV.D.1.g. of the permit language from ``areal extent of wetlands
acreage at the site'' to ``an areal extent and description of acreage
of wetland or other special aquatic sites (i.e., 40 CFR 230.3(q-1)) at
or near the site which will be disturbed, or receive water discharged
from the disturbed areas of the site.'' EPA believes this language will
help clarify this requirement in the site description of the storm
water pollution prevention plan.
One commenter noted that a certain amount of sediment may be
necessary to maintain the natural functioning of a wetland. The
commenter expressed concern that under some circumstances, a
construction project may result in decreases in the sediment load to a
wetland. In response, EPA would note that the NPDES program requires
permits for the discharge of pollutants from any point source into
waters of the United States. By definition, wetlands are waters of the
United States. As such, EPA must ensure that the discharges authorized
by this permit comply with applicable water quality standards for the
wetland, including requirements for sediment.
One commenter requested clarification on jurisdictional wetland
areas coverage under today's permits. For the purposes of the CWA,
wetlands are defined as areas that are inundated or saturated by
surface water or groundwater at a frequency and duration sufficient to
support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence
of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions
(33 CFR 328.3(b)). EPA uses the 1987 Corps of Engineers Wetlands
Delineation Manual to identify and delineate wetlands. This document
establishes the specific technical criteria that must be satisfied for
an area to be considered a jurisdictional wetland. Therefore, storm
water discharges from a construction activity to jurisdictional
wetlands (i.e., waters of the U.S.) need permit authorization and may
be covered under today's permit.
Other commenters expressed concern regarding the effects on
wetlands of the development of land for agricultural purposes. EPA
would first point out that agricultural runoff is exempt from the NPDES
permit program (See 40 CFR 122.3, CWA section 502 (14)). In addition,
the development of land for agriculture is not considered a
construction project regulated by the NPDES permit program.
Residential Construction
Many contractors and developers involved in residential development
felt that the permit was geared towards large industrial facilities,
and therefore not well suited to address small residential
construction. These commenters generally either requested that
residential construction be exempt from permitting, or that special
consideration of the nature of residential construction be given in the
permit.
There is no regulatory provision to exempt any construction
activities based solely on the nature of what is being built. The
disturbance of five or more acres in a Larger Common Plan defines
industrial activity that requires a storm water discharge permit. The
impact on water quality is not necessarily reduced because the
construction project is residential and may, in some instances, proceed
in a more piecemeal fashion. However, the Agency recognizes that there
are certain differences in how residential development occurs,
particularly with regard to completion of individual homes and
occupation by either a homeowner or tenant. EPA has made several
changes and clarifications of permit requirements to address the
concerns of the residential development industry.
The definition of final stabilization has been changed. ``Final
Stabilization'' in the final permit means either: (1) All soil
disturbing activities at the site have been completed, and that a
uniform (e.g., evenly distributed, without large bare areas) perennial
vegetative cover with a density of 70% of the native background
vegetative cover for the area has been established on all unpaved areas
and areas not covered by permanent structures, or equivalent permanent
stabilization measures (such as the use of riprap, gabions, or
geotextiles) have been employed. In some parts of the country,
background native vegetation will cover less than 100% of the ground
(e.g. arid areas). Establishing at least 70% of the natural cover of
native vegetation meets the vegetative cover criteria for final
stabilization. For example, if the native vegetation covers 50% of the
ground,
[[Page 7877]]
70% of 50% would require 35% total cover for final stabilization; or
(2) for individual lots in residential construction by either: (a) the
homebuilder completing final stabilization as specified above, or (b)
the homebuilder establishing temporary stabilization (including
perimeter controls) for an individual lot prior to occupation of the
home by the homeowner and informing the homeowner of the need for and
benefits of final stabilization. EPA strongly recommends that
homeowners stabilize as soon as practicable. (Homeowners have a
personal incentive to put in landscaping functionally equivalent to
final stabilization as quick as possible to keep mud out of their house
and off their sidewalks and driveway.)
Installation of Utility Service Lines
The proposed permit attempted to more clearly define the role of
utility companies whose sole involvement in a construction project was
installation of utility service lines. Many utility companies
challenged EPA's assertion that they represented a special class of
operator at construction sites and pointed out potential financial and
project delay impacts of requiring utility companies to obtain permit
coverage before installing utility service lines at a project. Other
commenters felt that utility companies should be held accountable for
their actions on-site and for disturbing any storm water control
measures installed by other site operators. In general, utility
companies agreed that they are responsible for their actions on-site,
but did not believe they should be considered ``operators'' and
required to obtain permit coverage. Several commenters felt utility
companies should be treated as subcontractors and the party requesting
utility service should be the permittee.
In response, EPA agrees that in many areas utility companies will
not meet the definition of operator while installing utility service
lines (the draft permit implied that a utility company would always be
an operator when installing utility service lines). As with any other
party involved in a construction project, permit coverage will only be
required for utility companies when they met the definition of
``operator.'' The definition of operator in the final permit, though
changed slightly from the proposed permit for better clarity, applies
to parties at a construction project which meet either of the following
two criteria: (1) A party with operational control over construction
plans and specifications, including the ability to make modifications
to those plans and specifications; or (2) a party with day-to-day
operational control of those activities at a project which are
necessary to ensure compliance with a storm water pollution prevention
plan (SWPPP) for the site or other permit conditions (e.g., they are
authorized to direct workers at the site to carry out activities
required by the storm water pollution prevention plan or comply with
other permit conditions). To determine if a utility company meets
either criterion, a review of the word ``control'' with regard to
construction plans and specifications and day-to-day operations is
needed.
In the definition of ``operator,'' it is not EPA's intention to
include those parties whose function is to assure that a project
complies with previously established standards (e.g., national, state
or municipal). For example, design or installation standards set by
municipalities or utilities which are based on national standards such
as the National Electric Code does not give the municipality or utility
``control'' over a construction project's plans and specifications, but
instead directs or limits a project operator's latitude when drafting
or modifying a particular aspect of the project's plans and
specifications. Furthermore, reviewing or applying such standards
(e.g., residential electric lines must be capable of carrying a
specific voltage, made of certain materials, buried a certain depth)
does not make a utility or municipality meet the first criterion of the
definition of ``operator.'' Also, utility companies will often not meet
the second criterion of the definition because they are not responsible
for overall SWPPP compliance at a project. Typically, a project's
general contractor has overall responsibility for SWPPP implementation
and compliance.
To the extent that a utility company needs to develop its own site-
specific plans and specifications for a service installation at a
project requiring storm water permit coverage, the utility will be
considered to meet the definition of ``operator'' and must allow for
appropriate storm water control measures either by designing and
implementing controls themselves, or by assuring that another project
operator has designed and will implement storm water controls for the
area disturbed by the utility service installation. In all cases, to
ensure effective implementation of storm water pollution control
measures, EPA stresses the importance of cooperative efforts by all
parties involved at a construction site, including those not meeting
the definition of ``operator,'' to understand and abide by SWPPP
provisions which their activities will impact.
Other examples of where a service line installation would require
construction storm water permit coverage would be if the activity
disturbed five or more acres (40 CFR 122.26(b)(14)(x)), or was
designated by the Director to obtain coverage for another reason (40
CFR 122.26(a)(1)(v), 122.26(a)(9) or 122.26(g)(1)(i)). See Part I.B.1.
of the permit for further details on eligibility. Other utility company
activities, such as the installation of main transmission lines, should
likewise be reviewed to see if permit coverage is required.
After considering the comments from the utility companies, the
proposed area-wide NOI option and SWPPP certification statement for
utility companies in the proposed permit were deleted in the final
permit. Utility companies were generally uncomfortable with even the
limited requirements of the area-wide NOI since the actual construction
projects where they would be working would not be known at the time of
the NOI submittal. The certification statement is no longer necessary
since measures to address utility service line installations no longer
require the statement to assign responsibility from the utility company
to another project operator. In addition, based on the comments from
the utility companies, the frequency of the situations in which a
utility would be considered an operator may be significantly less than
EPA had thought. Hence, there may not be a pressing need for the
proposed streamlined permitting option.
Construction in Cold Climates
Several comments were received suggesting changes to the
construction general permit to accommodate cold weather oil and gas
issues or questioning the effectiveness and requirement for storm water
pollution prevention plans for North Slope oil and gas facilities in
Alaska. Specifically, commenters were questioning the need for, and
appropriateness of, the permit for gravel pad construction on the North
Slope during frozen conditions. It was stated that construction
activities only occur during the cold months because access is
facilitated by frozen permafrost conditions. When the North Slope is in
a thawing condition it is essentially a wetland, which makes overland
access activities difficult as well as very disruptive to the ecology.
Commenters expressed concern that gravel pads might be required to
establish 70% vegetative cover prior to submitting the NOT.
[[Page 7878]]
With regards to the need for a storm water discharge permit, EPA
points out that the definition of storm water at 40 CFR 122.26(b)(13)
includes snow melt runoff. As such, EPA believes that construction
which occurs during frozen conditions still needs a storm water permit
since the snow will eventually melt and be discharged.
Construction activity which involves depositing gravel fill
directly into wetlands is regulated under section 404 of the CWA which
is administered by the US Army Corps of Engineers (COE). COE section
404 permits all require CWA section 401 certification providing
assurance that if the construction activity is in compliance with the
COE 404 permit, there will be no water quality standard violations.
Once the gravel pads are constructed, it is reasonable to consider
them as permanent structures since their surface will be used to
conduct oil and gas activities. Therefore remediation of the pad itself
(70% restoration of vegetative cover) is not appropriate at the end of
the construction sequence. Storm water permitting may be required,
however, for the operational phase of the pad activities as well as
gravel extraction activities.
Other comments regarding cold weather issues in Alaska pertained to
the remoteness of sites that would need to be permitted and inspected.
Commenters were concerned that accessing such remote sites is not
easily accomplished, and overly burdensome. In response, EPA has
included a special provision in Part IV.D.4 of the final permit to
provide a waiver of the inspection requirements when the ground would
be expected to be frozen for an extended period of time. Inspections
would be required to begin one month prior to when thawing conditions
are expected to begin.
Compliance With Water Quality Standards
Several comments objected to the inclusion of permit eligibility
and discharge compliance requirements related to water quality
standards (WQS). EPA is obligated under CWA section 402(p)(3) to ensure
that all permits for discharges associated with industrial activity
(which includes storm water discharges from construction sites of five
acres or more) shall meet all applicable provisions of CWA section 301.
CWA section 301(a) states that discharges shall be unlawful unless
in compliance with sections 301, 302, 306, 307, 318, 402, and 404 of
the Act. Section 301 provides that discharge permits must include
effluent limitations necessary to assure that discharges comply with
State or Tribal WQS. Effluent limitations do not have to be numeric,
especially in cases where numeric limitations are currently infeasible.
In such cases, EPA may require the use of best mangement practices
(BMPs) including more sophisticated forms of treatment in permits to
satisfy the CWA's requirements for ``any more stringent limitations as
necessary to meet State WQS.'
If a discharge is found to be violating a water quality standard,
EPA can require that the discharge be covered by an individual permit,
which may include more stringent controls or numeric effluent
limitations developed to ensure compliance with WQS. The development of
the effluent limitations would be dependent upon adequate
characterization of the discharges and the individual permit could also
include monitoring requirements.
Some commenters were concerned that compliance with WQS is not
possible in some situations and therefore WQS compliance should be
waived. As stated above, compliance with water quality standards is a
requirement of the CWA as implemented through the NPDES permitting
program. EPA can not waive the requirements of the CWA. If the
permittee feels that the WQS to which they must comply are too
stringent or the cost of that compliance is too high, several avenues
of relief can be sought. The permittee may seek changes of WQS through
a use attainability analysis, the development of site specific
criteria, or short term WQS variances. All of these avenues must be
pursued through consultation with the applicable State or Tribal
environmental agency and are subject to EPA review.
If the permittee is not able to comply with WQS as a result of the
implementation of a certain set of BMPs, EPA recommends installing more
effective BMPs or additional BMPs to assure compliance with WQS. If
this effort results in discharges which continue to violate WQS, EPA
recommends that the facility cease discharging, apply for an individual
permit, or pursue one of the options listed above to change the WQS.
(See also EPA's memorandum of August 1, 1996, entitled ``Interim
Permitting Approach for Water Quality-Based Effluent Limitations for
Storm Water Discharges.'')
EPA received several comments regarding salt intrusion to
groundwater discharges that might exceed standards established by the
State. One commenter suggested that the final permit include an
affirmative statement to specify that, in developing and implementing
storm water pollution prevention plans, permittees are not required to
remove remove constituents that are not added by the construction
project or related activities. In response, EPA notes that Clean Water
Act section 301(b)(1)(C) requires that NPDES permits include any more
stringent limitation including those necessary to meet water quality
standards. The CWA does not, however, regulate releases of polluants to
groundwater unless there is a direct hydrological connection between a
point source and surface waters of the United States through such
groundwater. Therefore, the commenter's recommendations were not
included in the final permit.
The California Department of Transportation recommended that the
general permit incorporate language similar to that developed by the
State by California for its general industrial storm water permit.
However, EPA has recently expressed concerns to the State regarding the
language in question and is currently working with all stakeholders in
California on alternative language. Since EPA believes that the
language as written is not appropriate it was not incorporated into the
final permit.
Another commenter contended that Part III.D of the draft permit
(compliance with water quality standards) was too weak. The commenter
recommended that the permit also require remedial actions by permittees
to correct any damage that may result from the discharges not in
compliance with the permit.
EPA disagrees with the commenter that the language addressing water
quality standards compliance needs to be strengthened. A wide variety
of enforcement responses are available to the Agency for discharges
which violate the terms of the permit, including requirements for
remediation of environmental damage caused by the discharges. As such,
the requested modifications were not incorporated into the final
permit.
Protection of Endangered Species
A large number of comments were received regarding provisions in
the permit to protect listed species and critical habitats. For reading
convenience, similar comments have been grouped together for response
and are listed below in items A through V.
(A) A number of commenters have expressed the belief that the Clean
Water Act (CWA) does not allow EPA to place conditions in National
Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES)
[[Page 7879]]
permits to protect listed species and critical habitat. They believe
that requirements to protect listed species have no relation to the
CWA's goal of protecting water quality. These commenters have requested
that EPA remove those permit conditions or provide a legal
justification as to why they should be included.
EPA declines to remove these provisions because the Agency believes
that conditions to protect listed species and critical habitat are
appropriate for Federally-issued NPDES permits such as the CGP given
the requirements placed on them by sections 7(a)(1), 7(a)(2), and 9 of
the ESA. By placing ESA requirements on Federal agencies and their
actions, Congress intended that Federal permits could contain
conditions to protect listed species and critical habitat. ESA
regulations at 50 CFR 402.02 define an ``action'' subject to section 7
to include ``permits,'' and EPA first recognized the applicability of
ESA section 7 to the Federal NPDES program in 1979, when it promulgated
regulations listing the ESA as a Federal law which may apply to EPA-
issued permits. See 44 CFR 32917 (June 7, 1979). EPA's current
regulations at 40 CFR 122.49(c) \6\ and 122.43(a) \7\ require that EPA
adopt or consider the adoption of permit conditions to comply with ESA
requirements.
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\6\ The pertinent portions of 40 CFR 122.49 read as follows:
Considerations under Federal law. The following is a list of Federal
laws that may apply to the issuance of permits under these rules.
When any of these laws is applicable, its procedures must be
followed. When the applicable law requires consideration or adoption
of particular permit conditions or requires the denial of a permit,
those requirements also must be followed. * * * (c) The Endangered
Species Act, 16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq. section 7 of the Act and
implementing regulations (50 CFR part 402) require the Regional
Administrator to ensure, in consultation with the Secretary of the
Interior or Commerce, that any action authorized by EPA is not
likely to jeopardize the continued existence of any endangered or
threatened species or adversely affect its critical habitat.
(Emphasis added).
\7\ 40 CFR 122.43(a) states: ``In addition to conditions
required in all permits (122.41 and 122.42), the Director shall
establish conditions, as required on a case-by-case basis, to
provide for and assure compliance with all applicable requirements
of CWA and regulations. These shall include conditions under 122.46
(duration of permits), 122.47(a) (schedules of compliance), 122.48
(monitoring), and for EPA permits only 122.47(b) (alternates
schedule of compliance) and 122.49 (considerations under Federal
law).'' (Emphasis added.)
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Finally, EPA notes that the primary goal of the CWA is the
restoration and maintenance of the chemical, physical, and biological
integrity of the Nation's waters. This includes the attainment of water
quality that provides for the protection and propagation of fish,
shellfish, wildlife. See 33 U.S.C. 1251. These goals include the
protection of listed and other at-risk species.
(B) Other commenters have characterized the ESA as a new
environmental law that permit applicants are being required to certify
under. EPA does not believe that the ESA is a new environmental law
because it has been listed in EPA's regulations since 1979 as a statute
which may apply to the issuance of NPDES permits by EPA.
(C) Some commenters have objected to measures to protect species
and critical habitat in the proposed permit as an impermissible
delegation of EPA's section 7 consultation responsibilities to the
permit applicant.
EPA recognizes that as the action Federal agency, it bears the
ultimate responsibility for compliance with section 7 of the ESA for
issuance of the CGP. It is not abrogating that responsibility. However,
given the CGP's potential coverage of over 13,000 construction
activities per year that are scattered across eight States and numerous
other Federal permitting jurisdictions, it is essential that permit
applicants and permittees consider the effects of their particular
actions on listed species and critical habitat, and to take measures to
protect those resources, if EPA is to ensure that issuance and
operation of the CGP is not likely to adversely affect listed species
and critical habitat.
As noted above, EPA believes that under the CWA and the ESA, it is
appropriate for NPDES permits to require that applicants and permittees
take measures to protect listed species. EPA also believes that such
conditions should require that applicants consider the potential and
actual effects of their actions on listed species and critical habitat.
Storm water general permits place substantial responsibilities on
permit applicants and permittees to ensure that their storm water
discharges are protective of the environment. This includes the
development of information (as part of the NOI and SWPPP development
process) to ensure compliance with permit requirements. The ESA
regulations clearly allow for permit applicants to develop and collect
information on the effects of their proposed actions on listed species
and critical habitat.\8\ Those regulations also provide that applicants
can conduct informal consultation as non-Federal Representatives
(NFRs). see 50 CFR 402.08.
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\8\ Applicants are listed throughout the ESA consultation
regulations and preambles as involved parties in the consultation
process.
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The conditions being established by EPA through ESA section 7
consultation to protect listed species and critical habitat are
designed to focus EPA, Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), and National
Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) resources on those permitted activities
that merit a site-specific ESA section 7 consultation or section 10
permit. Where a site-specific section 7 consultation is appropriate,
the CGP allows for either informal consultation (with the applicant
having NFR status) or for formal consultation. EPA is prepared to
conduct site-specific consultations where necessary to ensure that
permitted activities are protective of listed species. However, given
the large number of expected applicants and limits on EPA's resources,
it is faster and more efficient for the bulk of these consultations to
be carried out as informal consultations with permit applicants as non-
Federal representatives.
Finally, EPA notes that it has completed section 7 consultation and
conferencing for issuance and operation of the CGP and that the FWS and
the NMFS (the ``Services'') have concurred with the approach taken in
the permits and with EPA's finding that the issuance and operation of
the CGP is not likely to result in adverse effects to listed species
and critical habitat.
(D) Some commenters have also noted that shifting the burden for
carrying out consultation will result in administrative difficulties
for the Services. EPA coordinated development of the CGP with the
Services and notes that the CGP conditions are designed to reduce the
number of site specific consultations to those actions where adverse
effects may be likely. However, it is possible that a large number of
site-specific consultations will be performed for activities covered by
the CGP.
(E) A number of commenters were concerned that these conditions
will be difficult to comply with. Specifically, commenters were
concerned that information on listed species and critical habitat will
be hard to obtain. They have asked that EPA make species lists,
critical habitat, and other information readily available to the
public. Some commenters have asked that this information be placed in
the permit or on the Internet. They have noted that many permit
applicants will not know how to comply with these requirements. Some
commenters have also requested that EPA ensure that any ESA guidance
remain in the final permit document.
EPA has worked closely with the Services to give the greatest
flexibility to permittees in complying with
[[Page 7880]]
requirements to protect listed species and critical habitat. While EPA
realizes that fulfilling some CGP requirements to protect listed
species and critical habitat may seem difficult to some applicants, the
procedures to meet those requirements are similar to those already
undertaken by many developers and contractors to obtain ESA section 10
permits for protection from incidental takes liability. As noted above,
the CGP allows applicants to use section 10 permits to meet permit
eligibility requirements.
There is much information on listed species and designated critical
habitat that is publicly available. Lists of endangered and threatened
species are published by the Fish and Wildlife Service and the National
Marine Fisheries Service and can be found in 50 CFR 17 of the Code of
Federal Regulations (CFRs). The CFRs are widely available and can be
found in many libraries or law libraries. Copies of the CFRs can also
be ordered from the Government Printing Office which maintains a number
of book stores throughout the country \9\ or they can be accessed for
free at the GPO Website (http://www.access.gpo.gov/nara/cfr/index.htm).
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\9\ GPO bookstores are located in Atlanta, GA; Birmingham, AL;
Boston, MA; Chicago IL; Cleveland, OH; Columbus, OH; Dallas, TX;
Denver, CO; Detroit MI; Houston TX; Jacksonville, FL; Kansas City,
MO; Laurel, MD; Los Angeles, CA; Milwaukee, WI; New York, NY;
Philadelphia, PA; Pittsburgh, PA; Portland, OR; Pueblo, CO; San
Francisco, CA; Seattle, WA; and Washington, DC.
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The Services also maintain electronic copies of these lists at
their respective World Wide Web sites. Lists of species under the FWS
jurisdiction can be accessed at the Endangered Species Home Page
(http://www.fws.gov/r9endspp/endspp.html) (which is also
attached to the FWS Home Page (http://www.fws.gov) in the ``Nationwide
Activities Category''). Lists of species under NMFS jurisdiction can be
found on the NMFS Homepage (http://www.nmfs.gov) under the ``Protected
Resources Program.'' Lists and maps of critical habitat can be found in
the Code of Federal Regulations at 50 CFR 17 and 226.
Also, information on listed species and critical habitat can also
be obtained by contacting the FWS and NMFS offices or by contacting the
Biodiversity Heritage Centers of the Natural Heritage Network. The FWS
has offices in every State. NMFS has offices in certain States. A list
of NMFS and FWS office addresses is provided in Addendum A of the
permit. The Natural Heritage Network comprises 85 biodiversity data
centers throughout the Western Hemisphere.
These centers collect, organize, and share data relating to
endangered and threatened species and habitat. The network was
developed to promote informed land-use decisions by developers,
corporations, conservationists, and government agencies, and is also
consulted for research and educational purposes. The centers maintain a
Natural Heritage Network Control Server Website (http://
www.heritage.tnc.org) which provides website and other access to a
large number of specific biodiversity centers. A list of biodiversity
center addresses is provided in Addendum A of the CGP.
Addendum A also contains a list by county of all species in areas
covered by the CGP that are listed as endangered and threatened
(``listed species'') or proposed for listing as endangered and
threatened (``proposed species'). This list is current as of September
1, 1997. Because the status of species and counties will change over
time, EPA will periodically update the county list and make it
electronically available on the EPA's website. CGP applicants can get
updated species information for their county by calling the appropriate
Fish and Wildlife Service office or National Marine Fisheries Service
office. EPA Region 2 applicants \10\ can also contact the EPA Region 6
and Region 2 Storm Water Hotline (1-800-245-6510) for updated species
information. Applicants from other EPA Regions can contact the
appropriate EPA Regional Office for updated species information.
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\10\ Region 2 permit areas include Indian Country lands in the
State of New York and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.
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Finally, EPA has worked with the Services to expand Addendum A to
provide more guidance on how meet the permit eligibility requirements
and to protect listed species. There are also a number of guidance
documents produced by the Fish and Wildlife Service and the National
Marine Fisheries Service to assist the public in meeting ESA
requirements. Many of those documents are electronically available on
the Services'' Internet sites.
(F) Some commenters have requested that EPA publicly notice any
species to be included in the final county species list that were not
found in the Addendum H of the Multi-Sector General Permit issued on
September 29, 1995 (60 FR 50804). EPA declines to take this action
because it believes sufficient public notice was provided in the
proposal when EPA referred reviewers to the Multi-Sector General
Permit's Addendum H list (62 FR 29791, footnote #12 (June 2, 1997)),
which contains similar species on a county basis to that contained in
Addendum A of the CGP. Furthermore, EPA notes that all of the proposed
and listed species found on both Addendum A of the CGP and Addendum H
of the Multi-Sector General Permit already have undergone public notice
as part of the ESA listing process.
(G) Some commenters have noted that the Addendum A species list may
not remain current in light of new species listings. As noted above,
EPA is planning to provide regular updates of the list and to make it
available to permit applicants.
(H) Commenters have also expressed concerns with the timing of this
process. They have noted that once a project has reached the
construction stage, there is not enough time to take action to protect
listed species. EPA encourages permit applicants to analyze effects to
listed species and critical habitat at the earliest possible stage. EPA
has required applicants to analyze impacts to species when developing
storm water pollution prevention plans (SWPPPs) prior to submitting
NOIs. However, applicants may choose to conduct this review at an even
earlier time. Any conditions to protect species and critical habitat
must be incorporated into the SWPPP.
(I) EPA solicited comments on whether the scope of effects to
listed species and critical habitat to be considered by permit
applicants should encompass the entire construction site. A number of
commenters supported this expansion. Some commenters did not think
there was anything to be gained by broadening the scope of the area to
include the entire site. Other commenters did not believe that storm
water regulation extended to land areas unaffected by either storm
water discharges or best management practices (BMPs).
EPA has revised its permit conditions and Addendum A instructions
to require that permit applicants consider the effects of ``storm water
discharges and storm water discharge-related activities'' on listed
endangered and threatened species and critical habitat within the
``project area.'' The terms ``storm water discharge and storm water
discharge-related activities'' replaces the terms ``storm water
discharges and construction and implementation of best management
practices'' used in the proposal. ``Discharge-related activities''
include (1) activities which cause point source storm water pollutant
discharges including but not limited to excavation, site development,
and other surface disturbing activities, and (2) measures to
[[Page 7881]]
control, reduce, or prevent storm water pollution including the siting,
construction, and operation of BMPs. This revision expands the scope of
effects that should be considered for listed species when compared to
the proposed permit. The term ``project area'' now replaces the
proposed term, ``in proximity to.'' The ``project area'' includes:
areas on the construction site where storm water discharges originate
and flow towards the point of discharge into the receiving waters (this
includes all areas where excavation, site development, or other ground
disturbance activities occur), and the immediate vicinity; areas where
storm water discharges flow from the construction site to the point of
discharge into receiving waters; areas where storm water from
construction activities discharges into the receiving waters; areas in
the immediate vicinity of the point of discharge; and areas where storm
water BMPs will be constructed and operated, including any areas where
storm water flows to and from BMPs.
EPA anticipates that the project area will vary from site-to-site
depending on the size and structure of the construction activity, the
nature and quantity of the storm water discharges, the measures
(including BMPs) to control storm water runoff, and the type of
receiving waters. In many cases, the project area will encompass an
entire construction site. However, there could be situations where
project area may encompass a portion of the site (for example, where
the actual construction disturbs only a portion of a land development
project). EPA believes the revised scope of the permit is more
consistent with the definitions of ``effect'' and ``action area'' found
in the ESA regulations and affords better protection for listed species
and critical habitat while ensuring that CGP storm water controls are
not extended into areas that bear no relation to the discharge of
polluted storm water.
Some commenters believe the scope of effects of the permit is too
narrow. In particular, they believe that the scope should encompass
areas farther downstream than what was proposed in the permit, which
directed permit applicants to consider effects to listed species and
critical habitat in the immediate vicinity or nearby the point of
discharge. EPA declines to expand this scope beyond what was proposed
because the proposed (defining ``in proximity'') and final permit
language (defining ``project area'') allow for a flexible determination
of effects which can extend further downstream depending on the
circumstances surrounding each discharge. Those circumstances vary with
the size and structure of the construction activity, the nature and
quantity of the storm water discharges, the measures (including BMPs)
to control storm water runoff, and the type of receiving waters. Also,
the CGP does not authorize any discharges that would cause or
contribute to a violation of water quality standards. Water quality
standards are designed to be protective of use of the water, including
aquatic life and consequently, listed species. Moreover, under the CWA,
any discharge must not only ensure compliance with the water quality
standards of the water where the discharge is located, but also any
downstream water quality standards. Thus, the scope of the inquiry
under this permit is not so narrow as this commenter suggests. EPA
believes that any downstream water quality impacts associated with
discharges of stormwater under this permit will be adequately accounted
for.
Commenters have also requested that EPA consider or require that
applicants consider effects to listed species from storm water
contamination that enters into groundwater which then enters into
surface waters where those species are found.
EPA believes it is providing for the consideration of effects from
discharges to hydrologically connected groundwater. EPA interprets the
CWA's NPDES permitting program to regulate discharges to surface water
via groundwater where there is a direct and immediate hydrologic
connection (``hydrologically connected'') between the groundwater and
the surface water. However, EPA also believes that this use of NPDES
permits is highly dependent on the facts surrounding each permitting
situation. CGP coverage can extend to discharges to surface water via
hydrologically connected groundwater and CGP applicants, like any other
NPDES applicant, should consider those types of discharges when
applying for permit coverage. However, these discharges may at times be
better suited for individual permits, and EPA may require that
applicants obtain an individual permits as provided at Part VI.L. of
the CGP and in 40 CFR 122.28(b)(3) of EPA's general permit regulations.
Permit applicants and the interested people can also petition EPA under
those provisions to require coverage by an individual permit.
(J) A number of commenters have questioned why there is a need to
have specific conditions in the permit to protect listed species and
critical habitat when there are other laws or procedures which
accomplish the same goal. Some commenters have noted that ESA section
10 procedures are already used by developers and that requiring
additional procedures in the CGP to protect species amounts to ``double
regulation.''
EPA intends to provide applicants with the greatest degree of
flexibility in meeting the Part I.B.3.e.(2) eligibility requirements
for CGP coverage. The permit allows applicants to use section 10
procedures to meet the eligibility requirements of Part I.B.3.e.(2). As
such, EPA is not imposing ``double regulations'' on permittees.
Other commenters have also questioned whether there is a need to
have these procedures where a 404 permit is being issued or where a
NEPA review is being conducted for the same site. EPA notes that a 404
permit or a NEPA review can suffice for CGP coverage under part
I.B.3.(e)(2)(b), provided, a section 7 consultation has been performed
as part of the NEPA review or 404 permit issuance and the consultation
addresses effects from storm water discharges and storm water
discharge-related activities.
One commenter noted that some States have protective and stringent
environmental review laws which apply to NPDES permits and there is no
reason for applicants in those States to undertake additional
requirements to protect listed species and critical habitat. EPA notes
that while the information developed for compliance with State
environmental review statutes can be used to meet the eligibility
requirements of Part I.B.3.e.(2)(a) for CGP coverage where there are no
listed species present or where there is no likelihood of adverse
effects to listed species, EPA does not believe that compliance with a
State environmental review by itself is sufficient to substitute for
section 7 consultation or a section 10 permit since State reviews may
not take Federally listed species and critical habitat into account.
However, information generated from a State environmental review can
also serve as a basis for a section 7 consultation or applying for a
section 10 permit for the purposes of meeting the eligibility
requirements of Part I.B.3.e.(2)(b) or (c).
(K) Some commenters have asked for clarification on whether EPA is
requiring permit applicants to address State and Federally listed
endangered and threatened species or solely Federally listed species.
One commenter recommended that applicants should be made aware that
State laws and regulations involving endangered species may impact
their projects. EPA is requiring that permit applicants
[[Page 7882]]
consider impacts to Federally listed species and designated critical
habitat. However, EPA notes that States have the authority to impose
their own requirements under State law to protect Federally or State
protected species from construction activities, and that Part VI.M. of
the CGP states that coverage by the permit does not release any
permittee from meeting the responsibilities or requirements imposed
under other environmental statutes or regulations. Those environmental
statutes and regulations include State laws for the protection of
imperiled wildlife and vegetation, and other natural resources.
(L) One commenter has characterized the CGP conditions as allowing
any discharge unless it is likely to adversely affect a listed species
of critical habitat. It expressed the belief that this is not the
correct standard to use when determining coverage under a general
permit which is meant for routine cases.
EPA notes, however, this standard will ensure that the operation of
the permit is not likely to adversely affect listed species and
critical habitat. This approach, which was subject to ESA section 7
consultation with the Services, will focus limited EPA and Service
resources on those permitting situations where potential adverse
effects are likely. This is important given the vast number of
activities projected to be covered by the CGP. Thus, EPA believes this
standard to be appropriate for the CGP.
(M) Some commenters have expressed the belief that hydrologically,
geologically, or environmentally unique areas such as the Barton
Springs watershed near Austin, Texas, require special protections for
listed species and critical habitat. They have requested that either
separate, more stringent general permits be developed for these areas
or that EPA require individual permits for construction activities
occurring there. One commenter has also requested that a separate
consultation be conducted for the Barton Springs segment of the Edwards
Aquifer.
EPA believes that the final CGP conditions provide stringent
protection for the environment and listed species. EPA closely
coordinated with the Services on which ESA section 7 approach was best
suited for EPA's issuance of the CGP. EPA and the Services agreed that
a national ESA section 7 consultation coupled with permit conditions to
allow for individual site-specific consultations is the best mechanism
to assure that the CGP is protective of listed species and the
environment.
The Agency believes that the general permit as issued insures that
any area with special site-specific circumstances will be protected. No
discharge may be authorized under this permit that will adversely
affect any listed species, unless those effects have been actually
addressed through an ESA section 7 consultation process or section 10
permit issuance that takes into account the impact on the particular
species of concern. Therefore, EPA believes that the process envisioned
by this general permit effectively provides for consideration of site-
specific issues that are of concern to this commenter.
(N) One commenter has questioned whether EPA complied with the ESA
section 7 conferencing requirements to confer with the Services where
an agency action is likely to jeopardize the continued existence of any
proposed species or result in the destruction or adverse modification
of proposed critical habitat. In response, the CGP does not authorize
any storm water discharges or storm water discharge-related activities
that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of any proposed
species or result in the adverse modification or destruction of
proposed critical habitat. Nonetheless, EPA entered into and completed
ESA section 7 conferencing with the Services at the same time it
undertook informal consultation.
(O) Several commenters have asked for clarification on the extent
of their liability if they rely on another operator's certification
with respect to effects to listed species and critical habitat if that
certification proves to be inadequate or contains falsehoods. Also,
utility operators have raised the issue as to the nature and extent of
their liability where their certification is based on another
operator's certification.
Applicants/permittees who rely on another operator's certification
to meet the eligibility requirements of the permit may be liable for
inadequacies or falsehoods in that certification. This potential
liability is well described in the certification language of the NOI
form which states:
I [the applicant] certify under penalty of law that this
document and all attachments were prepared under my direction or
supervision in accordance with a system designed to assure that
qualified personnel properly gather and evaluate the information
submitted. Based on my inquiry of the person or persons who manage
this system, or those persons directly responsible for gathering the
information, the information submitted is, to the best of my
knowledge and belief, true, accurate, and complete. I am aware that
there are significant penalties for submitting false information,
including the possibility of fine and imprisonment for knowing
violations.
Thus, it is important for those applicants who choose to rely on
another operator's certification that they carefully review that
certification and its SWPPP for accuracy and completeness. If the
certification appears to be inadequate in any way, then EPA recommends
that an applicant provide an independent basis for its certification in
its SWPPP. EPA notes that as a matter of enforcement discretion it will
consider the circumstances that are unique to each enforcement
situation, and an applicant's good faith reliance on another operator's
certification may be a mitigating factor in such situations. Utilities
that fit the definition of operator and who choose to rely on another
operator's certification are liable to the same extent as any other
operator who relies on another operator's certification.
(P) One commenter asserted that the proposed permit is not in
compliance with section 7(a)(1) of the ESA, which directs agencies to
utilize their authorities in furtherance of the purposes of the ESA by
carrying out programs for the conservation of listed species. The
purposes of the ESA include recovering listed species so that they no
longer need ESA protection, and conserving the ecosystems upon which
listed species depend.
EPA believes that the protections built into this permit will not
only avoid or minimize adverse effects to listed species, but also
affirmatively benefit such species, the ecosystems upon which they
currently depend, and the unoccupied habitat into which they may
recover. These benefits are inherent in the fact that the function of
this permit is to reduce discharges of pollutants into the aquatic
environment. Reducing pollution from construction activities reduces
stress on both the individuals of listed species and aquatic
ecosystems. Moreover, the permit contemplates that case-by-case
protection may be developed, as appropriate, when consultation with the
Service(s) occurs prior to permit coverage. The involvement of the
Service(s)' biologists in such cases ensures that site-specific
conservation opportunities will be identified.
(Q) Some commenters have requested that residential construction
that occurs on a fully developed site be exempt from the endangered
species certification requirement.
EPA declines to provide that exemption. EPA notes that impacts to
listed species and critical habitat can also occur from development and
construction even on fully developed sites (for example, at the point
of
[[Page 7883]]
discharge into surface waters) and thus, residential construction
operators should not be exempted from the endangered species
certification requirements.
(R) Some commenters are concerned that Fish and Wildlife Offices
(FWS) may not have enough staff to respond to queries or consultation
requests from CGP applicants regarding listed species and critical
habitat.
EPA believes that the Services have the staffing levels to address
queries from permit applicants and notes that the CGP was issued in
close consultation with FWS. The CGP also provides flexiblity by
allowing permit applicants to use sources other than FWS for obtaining
information on listed species. Applicants can use the Natural Heritage
Centers whose addresses are listed in listed in Addendum A of this
permit. Therefore, EPA believes that the flexibilities built into the
CGP will ensure that the FWS offices are not overburdened.
(S) One commenter expressed concern regarding the obligation of
NPDES storm water permitted facilities in determining construction site
compliance with the ESA and NHPA. The commenter requested a
clarification that the role of an NPDES-permitted municipality is
limited to verifying that the pertinent sections of the NOI have been
completed and that municipality is not under an obligation of verify
the accuracy of certifications under the ESA and NHPA.
The reference to ``NPDES permitted municipality'' was intended to
refer to a Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System (MS4) with an NPDES
permit. The CGP does not impose requirements on MS4s to evaluate or
verify NOIs submitted by third parties. However, if a municipality were
to receive CGP coverage as an operator (by itself engaging in
construction activities or development) as defined in Part IX.N. of the
CGP, its obligation to meet the eligibility requirements of Part I.B.3
would be the same as any other operator under the CGP.
(T) Some commenters have stated that the proper party to bear
responsibility for impacts to listed species is the public owner or
site developer.
It is not clear whether this commenter intends for the term
``public owner'' to refer to governmental entities. EPA notes that the
CGP applies to anyone who fits the definition of ``operator'' in Part
IX.N of the permit. The CGP does allow for an overall developer or
public owner to provide for a comprehensive certification which can be
adopted by other operators on the site. While allowing for a single
comprehensive certification to cover for other operator certifications
may be the most efficient way to meet the certification requirements in
many cases, there will also be situations where it is better to allow
site operators the option of providing an independent basis for their
certifications. Some operators may be in a better position to
accurately assess the effects of their actions on listed species and
may not want to rely on another operator's certification. There could
also be instances where a primary contractor, and not the developer or
owner, is better situated to develop a comprehensive certification. For
those reasons, EPA declines to impose certification requirements solely
on the public owner or site developer.
(U) Some commenters have stated that complying with the ESA
certification procedures will require a substantial increase in time
and resources in many situations and may double the paperwork burden
from that of the earlier, first round Baseline Construction General
Permit (BCGP).
EPA acknowledges that the CGP will impose an increased burden on
operators to meet the certification requirements as compared to that of
the BCGP. However, the substantive requirements for the CGP are more
flexible and allow for NPDES coverage in more situations than the BCGP
which denied coverage to anyone whose discharges might adversely affect
listed or proposed to be listed endangered and threatened species or
critical habitat (57 FR 41218, September 9, 1992). EPA also notes that
CGP eligibility requirements represent a substantial improvement over
the baseline protections which were rudimentary with respect to
protecting listed species.
EPA has worked closely with the Services and given great
consideration of public comments to ensure that these procedures are as
flexible and least burdensome as possible. By allowing operators to
rely on another operator's certification, EPA believes any additional
burden imposed by these requirements can be kept to a minimum. EPA also
notes that many of the procedures established to meet the CGP
eligibility requirements are the same as those that developers or
contractors would have to undergo anyway in order to obtain a section
10 permit for protection from ESA section 9 liability for incidental
takes. The permit does allow for the acquisition of a section 10 permit
as a way to meet the eligibility conditions. EPA has also provided
guidance, containing species lists and other information, to assist
permittees in meeting the eligibility requirements. Therefore, EPA
believes that an increase in burden will be minimized for most
applicants and can be balanced against the greater availability of CGP
coverage to applicants.
(V) Some commenters have stated that the ESA certification
requirements violate the Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA). EPA has
modified its Information Collection Request (ICR) to account for
changes in the paperwork burden imposed by the certification
requirements and has followed all other procedures to ensure that the
PRA requirements are met. Therefore, EPA has issued the CGP in full
compliance with the PRA. EPA will be analyzing future NOIs to adjust
certification burden estimates appropriately in the renewal of this
revised ICR.
Protection of Historic Properties
EPA received numerous comments concerning implementation of
National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) requirements in the CGP. To
avoid any confusion or inconsistencies that may result after further
discussions between EPA and the Advisory Council on Historic
Preservation under the NHPA, this permit does not include eligibility
restrictions or evaluation requirements related to historic
preservation. EPA may modify the permit at a later date based on those
discussions. In that modification action, EPA would respond to NHPA-
related comments submitted when EPA proposed today's permit to the
extent such comments remain relevant.
Notice of Intent and Notice of Termination Requirements
Notice of Intent (NOI)
Several of the comments received regarding proposed revisions to
the Notice of Intent (NOI) form requested clarification and questioned
the need for some of the information being requested. It is important
to note that the revised NOI form is still undergoing development and
may not be issued in its final form by the time the final CGP is
published. Until the revised NOI form is finalized and published in the
Federal Register, applicants must use the existing NOI form which does
not contain the specific certification provisions relating to listed
species, critical habitat or historic properties at construction
projects. However, use of the existing NOI form does not relieve
applicants of their obligation to follow the procedures listed below to
determine if their construction storm water discharges or storm water
discharge-related activities meet permit eligibility requirements for
the protection of historic properties.
[[Page 7884]]
One commenter opposed the requirement for a separate NOI from the
``owner/developer'' and the ``operator'' stating that the terminology
is not consistent with Part III.E, Responsibilities of Operators, of
the proposed permit and that a single NOI from the owner or operator is
sufficient. In response to this comment, when applying the two criteria
found in the definition of ``operator'' (i.e., the party that has
control over construction plans and specifications, and the party with
control over implementing SWPPP or other permit conditions), two or
more entities may be required to submit NOI forms for permit coverage.
At a typical construction project, the owner will usually meet the
first criterion while the site's general contractor will meet the
second, thus requiring that both entities submit a NOI. Where the owner
is also the project's general contractor, only one NOI form may need to
be submitted. Since EPA believes the terminology used in Parts III.E.1
and III.E.2 of the proposed permit to be consistent with the definition
of ``operator,'' no changes were made in the final permit.
Two commenters favored the use of county information on the NOI
form. Another recommended that the submission of latitude and longitude
data for a site be optional since other legal descriptions are more
readily available. In response, EPA has found that latitude and
longitude are universally used to describe location on maps and are
compatible with Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The use of
latitude and longitude will also allow EPA to interface with State GIS
systems, thus enhancing EPA's ability to deal with projects on a
watershed basis. The NOI form instructions provide an Internet address
which provides latitude and longitude information as well as a toll
free phone number to obtain U.S. Geological Survey quadrangle maps.
Consequently, requests for county and latitude/longitude information
will remain on the NOI form.
Two commenters were concerned with the question regarding
compliance of the Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) with
applicable local sediment and erosion plans. One stated that a
certification cannot be given by the general contractor who did not
design the post-construction controls or the owner who has delegated
the authority for the construction controls to the general contractor.
The commenter suggested rewording Part II.B.1.h of the proposed permit.
Upon further consideration, EPA found this question to be unnecessary
and has deleted it from the NOI form.
One commenter recommended changing the term pollution prevention
plan to storm water pollution prevention plan. EPA made this change to
the NOI form.
One commenter believes it is sufficient that the SWPPP be completed
prior to commencing construction activity and not before the NOI form
is submitted. EPA has deleted the question regarding implementation of
the SWPPP. However, before the NOI form can be submitted, the SWPPP
must be completed to ensure that appropriate controls to meet ESA and
NHPA certification requirements, if needed, are included to avoid or
mitigate adverse effects to listed endangered or threatened species,
critical habitat or historic properties. Since applicants do not have
to submit their NOI's until 48 hours prior to the commencement of
construction, this is not a significant period of time and should have
no effect on construction activities.
One commenter recommended deleting the question regarding estimate
of the likelihood of discharges or clarifying its purpose. In response,
EPA believes that it is important to request such information because
it requires applicants to consider the expected frequency of discharges
from a site and anticipate the need for inspections and maintenance of
storm water controls. In response to another comment that requested
this question be deleted because the environmental risk between
infrequent arid discharges and more common temperate discharges has not
been established, EPA will not use responses to this question as an
absolute measure of risk but only an indication of risk at that site.
One commenter requested that EPA expand the requirements of the NOI
to provide better accountability to the public and government agencies
and improved oversight of a project. The commenter noted that the Urban
Wet Weather Flows Federal Advisory Committee (UWWFFAC) agreed upon an
``expanded NOI'' for industrial activities and agreed on this idea for
construction activities as well. However, consensus on what the
``expanded NOI'' should consist of for construction activities was not
reached. In addition, the commenter suggested the following items
(which should be included in the SWPPP and known at the time of
submittal of the NOI) be added to the form: a brief description of the
project; the overall size of the project in addition to the number of
acres that will be disturbed; if there are any permanent water bodies
including wetlands on or near the site; how close the disturbed areas
will be to the water body or wetland; predominant soil type (soil
conservation service soil series, hydrological soil group and erosion
factors); maximum slope in disturbed areas; a check-off section for
identification of principal Best Management Practices to be used on-
site; number of phases for the project (if 10 acres or above); number
of acres per phase (if 10 acres or above) or for the whole project (for
projects less than 10 acres; the schedule of construction activities;
and for each phase the estimated time and number of acres that will be
exposed to precipitation after removal of vegetative cover and before
final stabilization. In response, since these additional questions were
not proposed for public comment, will increase the regulated
community's administrative and cost burdens associated with completing
the form, and are subject to prior U.S. Office of Management and Budget
review and approval, EPA is not including them on the NOI form at this
time. EPA is, however, proceeding with an expanded revision to the NOI
form for industrial storm water dischargers applying for coverage under
EPA's Multi-Sector General Permit.
One commenter suggested that it would be more efficient to
administer NOIs at the EPA Regional level and asked if this data can be
accessed or used by the public or permit holders. EPA has found that
having a central location for processing NOIs has been an efficient and
effective method of managing the tremendous amount of data which the
program has generated since its inception in 1992, and sees no reason
to change at this time. Members of the public can request information
contained in the NOI database by sending a signed letter to the US EPA
(4203), Storm Water NOI Center, 401 M. Street, SW, Washington, D.C.
20460.
To streamline and clarify the NOI, EPA intends to make other
changes to the proposed form. These changes are contingent upon EPA
receiving approval from the US Office of Management and Budget. The
terms located underneath the EPA logo on the form have been revised to
state that: (1) Submission of the NOI constitutes notice that the
eligibility requirements in Part I.B. of the general permit, including
those related to protection of endangered species and critical habitat,
are met; (2) the applicant understands that continued authorization to
discharge is contingent on maintaining permit eligibility; and (3)
implementation of the SWPPP will begin at the time the permittee begins
work on the construction project. These clarifications were made to
emphasize
[[Page 7885]]
the need to meet requirements pertaining to endangered or threatened
species and critical habitat.
EPA has made information regarding the location for viewing site
SWPPPs and contact information optional. EPA encourages applicants to
provide this information to improve public access to view SWPPPs. Upon
request, EPA intends to assist members of the public in obtaining
access to permitting information, including SWPPPs.
For clarification, EPA has reworded the question regarding listed
endangered or threatened species or designated critical habitat in the
project area of this site. EPA has changed the proposed certification
statement to be the same as that contained in Box 1 of the current NOI
form. The proposed certification statement had included information
regarding the Endangered Species Act and National Historic Preservation
Act. This information has been moved to a different section of the form
to appear as two separate questions where applicants can check under
which provision of the permit they satisfy eligibility requirements
with regard to protection of endangered or threatened species or their
critical habitat. Applicants will not be required at this time to
identify which provision of the permit they are certifying eligibility
under for the protection of historic properties. The Agency intends on
modifying the permit (if necessary) after completion of the
Programmatic Agreement between EPA and the Advisory Council on Historic
Preservation in order to provide the certification language.
EPA deleted the following questions because they were determined to
be unnecessary: (1) ``Will construction (land disturbing activities) be
conducted for storm water controls?''; and (2) ``Is application subject
to a written historic preservation agreement?''
EPA requested comments on alternative time frames for NOI
submittals. One option required a 30-day advance time frame in which to
submit a NOI. The Agency received several comments encouraging EPA to
adopt the 30-day time frame because it would provide the developer with
a permit number at the commencement of construction. All other
operators could then apply for coverage 48 hours before beginning work
at the project. This would provide a consistent tracking mechanism for
each project since the project name and contractors may change during
the course of a project. It would also allow EPA sufficient time to
verify that permittees are eligible for coverage under the ESA
provisions. Another commenter suggested that the 30-day period would
allow citizens more time to find out about a project, assess the storm
water management plans, and discuss their concerns with the permittee
if necessary. In this way, prior notice could actually reduce disputes
and controversy. Under the 48 hour requirement contained in the BCGP,
an NOI would probably not be received by EPA until construction had
already started.
However, most commenters stated that the present requirement of
filing a NOI 48 hours prior to the commencement of construction
activities should remain in effect. They felt extending the deadline to
30 days would hinder construction efforts, bring about unnecessary
delays, disrupt construction schedules, and place unnecessary
additional burdens on permittees. One commenter from Alaska stated the
Alaska construction season is short and in some cases a 30-day advance
filing period would delay a project for an entire year. Another
commenter stated any extension of the two day notification time frame
would only serve to slow residential construction activities and add
interests costs to the activities of small businesses and home buyers.
The commenter also felt that requiring the 30-day advance notice on
small, routine construction projects would force project teams and
construction crews to be mobilized for at least one additional month,
without much environmental benefit and at additional expense.
After considering all comments related to the 30-day NOI submission
requirement, EPA has retained the permit requirement to submit an NOI
at least 48 hours prior to the start of construction activities.
Many commenters expressed concern about having to submit up to
three NOI forms for ongoing construction projects in order to maintain
permit coverage. For instance, an initial NOI was required 48 hours
prior to the commencement of construction activities under the BCGP.
Then, a second NOI was required at least 48 hours prior to the permit's
expiration date to continue coverage for ongoing projects. Finally, a
third NOI must be submitted for the project if it was not completed
prior to the effective date of the reissued general permit.
A number of applicants stated the process should be simplified.
They noted that EPA should issue a blanket extension to cover all
projects which continue after the expiration of the BCGP, and
permittees should be allowed to submit an abbreviated form to receive
continued permit coverage. One commenter suggested that permittees send
in post cards requesting extended coverage under the expired permit,
and file a new NOI when the permit is reissued. The post card would be
a pre-printed form by EPA where the permittee fills in the blanks.
In response to the comments concerning the need to submit multiple
NOIs in order to maintain permit coverage, EPA has simplified the
process for dischargers covered by the permit prior to expiration. If
EPA does not reissue this permit prior to expiration, EPA will presume
that covered permittees seek continuing coverage unless and until EPA
receives a Notice of Termination (NOT) (see Part VI.B, Continuation of
the Expired General Permit). Commenters expressed serious concern about
having to submit multiple NOIs based on the lapse between expiration of
the previous permit and issuance of this permit. In order to maintain
continuing authorization under the expired permit, permittees were
required to reapply prior to expiration. Then, upon issuance of this
permit, an additional ``new'' NOI for authorization under this permit
is required. To avoid this double NOI submission near the time of
permit expiration and reissuance, EPA would have needed to modify the
earlier CGP prior to expiration to remove the requirement for
resubmission of an NOI prior to expiration. As a result, EPA is making
those changes in today's permit. For more information, see the section
below titled ``Continued Coverage Under the Permit if it Expires Prior
to Reissuance or Replacement.''
One utility group estimated that in Texas alone a total of 24,400
``requests for service'' were received in 1996 where the requestor of
service was impacting five (5) or more acres of land. If the proposed
general permit were in effect, the utility group would have to submit
48,000 NOIs/NOTs to EPA at an additional annual cost as high as $75 to
$100 million in order to comply with this general permit. The utility
group stated that EPA's proposal encourages, if not requires, a
fragmented approach to control over storm water pollution prevention
activities. In response, EPA has re-evaluated the status of utility
company service line installations and has found that these activities
generally do not meet the definition of operator, thus do not require
permit coverage. The final permit has been revised to eliminate the
need for utility companies to submit NOIs for permit area-wide
coverage.
One commenter stated there is a provision in the regulations that
allows for a general permit to be issued without the submittal of a
NOI. The commenter
[[Page 7886]]
urged EPA to consider the adoption of a general permit program that
eliminates the need to submit a NOI, particularly in areas where State
or local governments already have sediment and erosion control or storm
water management requirements in place. In response to this suggestion,
40 CFR 122.28(b)(2)(v) excludes this option for entities seeking
coverage under the general permits for discharges of storm water
associated with industrial activity (which includes construction
activity). Consequently, the requirement that operators seeking permit
coverage submit a NOI will remain in the permit.
NOT (Notice of Termination)
The Agency received comments supporting the idea that permittees
must submit a Notice of Termination (NOT) within 30 days after
completion of their construction activities and final stabilization of
their portion of the site. The commenters stated that it would improve
permittees accountability. No change has been made to the permit.
Several commenters recommended that special provisions should be
added to the Notice of Termination for projects which occur on
agricultural lands. For projects such as an underground pipeline
crossing agricultural land, the commenters argued that the conditions
for meeting ``final stabilization'' should be modified. EPA agrees that
in such a case where agriculture is final land use, the provisions of
the NOT pertaining to final stabilization may not be appropriate. The
definition of final stabilization in the final permit has been modified
to include a provision which includes land that has been returned to
its previous agricultural use.
The NOT requirements of the final permit have been modified to be
consistent with the existing NOT form. However, the conditions under
which the NOT can be submitted have been clarified to address concerns
raised by commenters. The current NOT form expires on August 31, 1998.
EPA is in the process of renewing the form before that date. For more
information, refer to the responses to comments on residential
construction, final stabilization, and the definition of operator.
Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan Requirements
Deadlines for Compliance With the New SWPPP Requirements
Several commenters requested additional time to come into
compliance with the new requirements of the SWPPP. EPA agrees that
additional time may be necessary to review the requirements of the new
permit and achieve compliance with these requirements. Accordingly,
Part II.A.5 of the final permit was modified to provide 90 days to come
into compliance with the new SWPPP requirements (rather than 30 days as
proposed in the draft permit) for permittees with ongoing projects
which are currently operating under the previous Baseline Construction
General Permit (BCGP).
The final permit also provides (Part II.A.6) for permittees
submitting NOIs for new projects during the 90 day period following the
effective date of the permit. These permittees will also be provided 90
days after the effective date of the new permit to achieve compliance
with the new SWPPP requirements provided that they have developed and
are ready to implement a SWPPP based on the BCGP requirements at the
time of NOI submittal. This provision rewards conscientious operators
who made the effort to control their discharges and comply with the
BCGP provisions even though the final version of the CGP was not
legally available at the time they began construction. Requiring
compliance with an ``interim'' SWPPP based on the BCGP for the first 90
days ensures a level of environmental protection during the time that
the permittee is updating their plan to comply with the final CGP
conditions.
Compliance with such an interim SWPPP represents limitations based
on BAT because, as EPA explained when it issued the previous BCGP, in
developing technology-based standards applicable to storm water permits
for construction activity the time required to develop and implement a
SWPPP is a necessary consideration in determining whether a requirement
is economically and/or technologically achievable. Development and
implementation of SWPPPs require time. To develop the SWPPP required by
the CGP, EPA believes 90 days from the effective date of the permit
represents a reasonable estimate of what is economically and
technologically achievable. To implement such a SWPPP, EPA believes
that 90 days from the effective date of the permit is economically and
technologically achievable. In the interim period until development and
implementation of the SWPPP required by today's permit, EPA believes
that compliance with an interim SWPPP is economically and
technologically achievable.
Operators who do not have an interim SWPPP at least as stringent as
would have been required under the BCGP must prepare their SWPPP based
on the final CGP prior to submitting an NOI. Given the short term of
some construction projects, this procedure ensures that the Agency does
not provide a loophole under which a permittee could receive
authorization to discharge for 90 days without having to implement any
storm water controls whatsoever.
Retention Ponds
Several comments were received regarding the section of the permit
describing the use of Structural Practices (Part IV.D.2.a.(3)). The
proposed permit describes the structural practice required for common
drainage locations that serve an area with 10 or more acres disturbed
at one time: * * * ``a temporary (or permanent) sediment basin
providing 3,600 cubic feet of storage per acre drained, or equivalent
control measures, shall be provided where attainable until final
stabilization of the site.'' One commenter referred to this section of
the proposal as a ``new'' requirement. The requirement has in fact been
in place since the 1992 general permit. Several commenters suggested
that the permit allow that the volume requirements be adjusted in
consideration of differences in meteorologic conditions and the runoff
coefficient. The proposed retention requirements were based on
containment of a 2-year, 24 hour storm which was assumed to be three
inches, and also the assumption that the runoff coefficient would be
0.33. After consideration of these comments, EPA has modified the
language in this section to read ``A temporary (or permanent) sediment
basin that provides storage for the volume of runoff calculated using
the local 2-year, 24 hour storm and runoff coefficient from each
disturbed acre drained, or equivalent control measures, shall be
provided where attainable until final stabilization of the site. Where
no such calculation has been performed, a temporary (or permanent)
sediment basin providing 3,600 cubic feet of storage per acre drained,
or equivalent control measures, shall be provided where attainable
until final stabilization of the site.'' Comments were also received on
the inappropriateness of such a requirement for linear construction
projects. In response, the requirement only applies to sites where 10
acres of disturbance share a common drainage location. This scenario is
unlikely on a linear construction site, where runoff is typically
served by several drainage locations. However, if it does occur, the
permit requirements would apply.
[[Page 7887]]
Sod Stabilization
A few commenters noted that sod stabilization was listed as an
erosion control method, but was not listed as a final stabilization
method. In section III.A.1.d of the draft fact sheet, EPA lists sod
stabilization as a stabilization practice for sediment and erosion
control. Sod stabilization is again listed in Part IV.D.2.a.(2) of the
draft permit, with other stabilization practices in the sentence:
``Stabilization practices may include: temporary seeding, permanent
seeding, mulching, geotextiles, sod stabilization, vegetative buffer
strips, protection of trees, preservation of mature vegetation, and
other appropriate measures.'' The permit also notes that this list is
intended to include interim and permanent stabilization measures. As
such, EPA believes that sod stabilization was adequately indicated as a
final stabilization option in the proposed permit.
Off-Site Vehicle Tracking of Sediments
Part IV.D.2.(c) of the draft permit required that off-site vehicle
tracking of sediments be minimized. A commenter noted that the draft
fact sheet had suggested that wash racks be provided to reduce off-site
tracking of sediments from construction sites. The commenter was
unclear whether or not this was considered a requirement of the permit.
The commenter contended that wash racks may increase pollutant
discharges in some circumstances and that wash racks should be
optional. Other commenters noted that the time of arrival of delivery
trucks varies, and concern was expressed that costs could be increased
if the permit were to require power washing of trucks at all times of
the day. Also, since there may be insufficient space for placement of
stabilized construction entrances in some cases, it was suggested that
shoveling of dirt from the street should be an acceptable alternative.
The draft fact sheet noted that there are a number of BMPs which
may be implemented to comply with Part IV.D.2.c.(2) including gravel
exits, wash racks or stations, and street sweeping. EPA's guidance
manual entitled ``Storm Water Management for Construction Activities,
Developing Pollution Prevention Plans and Best Management Practices,''
EPA 832-R-92-005, also mentions the scheduling of deliveries at a time
when personnel are available for cleanup (if needed) as another BMP to
be considered.
However, the draft permit did not specify the precise BMPs to be
implemented to comply with Part IV.D.2.c.(2), nor did the permit
necessarily require all possible BMPs in every circumstance. Wash
racks, for example, would be one of several control measures to be
considered by permittees, but not necessarily required. EPA believes
that the draft permit language provides the necessary flexibility to
allow operators to select the most appropriate BMPs depending on
individual conditions. As such, the proposed Part IV.D.2.c.(2) in the
draft permit was retained in the final permit.
Another commenter approved of the requirement to remove off-site
sediments, but also recommended that the permit should require removal
within a specified time frame such as within 30 days. In addition, this
commenter recommended that the permit should require sediment removal
from streams, wetlands and other waters of the United States rather
than just off-site areas.
With regard to the issue of the time frame for removal of off-site
sediments, the draft permit had required that removal be conducted at a
frequency necessary to minimize impacts. The final permit retains this
requirement in consideration of the variety of construction projects
which would be covered by the permit and the need for adequate
flexibility.
With regard to the issue of sediment removal from streams and
wetlands, we would point out that the purpose of the NPDES permit
program is to control discharges of pollutants before they enter waters
of the United States. The permit regulates discharges resulting from
activities of permittees prior to outfalls discharging to waters of the
United States to the extent necessary to ensure compliance with water
quality standards in the receiving waters (including any requirements
pertaining to sediment accumulations) and technology-based effluent
limitations. As such, the final permit does not include the commenter's
recommendation to include requirements for sediment removal in the
receiving waters. Removal of sediments from the receiving waters would
be addressed outside the realm of NPDES permit requirements such as
through enforcement action against a permittee for noncompliance with
the permit.
Avoiding Impervious Surfaces for Stabilization
A commenter objected to the statement in Part IV.D.2.a.(2) of the
draft permit which reads: ``Use of impervious surfaces for
stabilization should be avoided.'' The commenter appears to be
interpreting the statement as a prohibition or near prohibition of the
use of impervious surfaces for stabilization. The following was
suggested as an alternative: ``Pervious surfaces for stabilization are
preferable to impervious surfaces when the application is appropriate
for the use.''
The statement discouraging the use of impervious surfaces is
included in the draft permit in consideration of the fact that
impervious surfaces will increase runoff and may increase erosion and
pollutant discharges. However, the statement does not prohibit the use
of impervious surfaces for stabilization and EPA believes that the
existing language does not need further clarification in this regard.
As such, EPA has retained the proposed language in the final permit.
Flexibility in Choosing Controls
Some comments were received requesting more flexible permit
conditions. In particular, one commenter stated that the permit
requirements for erosion controls (e.g. sediment basins) and
performance standards may not be appropriate to all sites throughout
the nation. EPA's permit requirements for erosion control are intended
to be flexible enough to allow the permittee to design site specific
controls which are appropriate given the site topography, climate, and
geographic location. The parts of a storm water pollution prevention
plan (SWPPP) that require stabilization practices, structural
practices, and storm water management all include the statement: ``Such
practices may include * * *'' These parts of the SWPPP list some
potential controls that should be considered by the permittee when
designing a comprehensive plan to minimize erosion and sedimentation.
The permit language for sediment basins serving common drainage
locations with 10 or more acres of disturbed area, also includes the
words ``or equivalent control measures, shall be provided * * *'' This
language allows the permittee the flexibility to design and install
appropriate site specific controls.
With regard to use of flexibility when choosing appropriate storm
water controls for a construction project, comments were received
concerning factors to consider such as public safety and proximity to
airports. Commenters stated that storm water controls should be
designed to reduce safety risks, especially to children. Also,
structures which maintain a continuous habitat for wildlife, such as
storm water retention ponds, should not be constructed within 10,000
feet of a public-use airport serving turbine powered aircraft or within
5,000 feet of a public-use airport serving piston powered aircraft due
to
[[Page 7888]]
the potential hazards to aviation caused by birds. EPA agrees with both
comments and has included language in the Part IV.B of the Fact Sheet
to address them.
Implementation Schedules
Other commenters raised issue with Part IV.D.2.a.(2) of the
proposed permit, which requires a record in the storm water pollution
prevention plan (SWPPP) of the dates for implementation of
stabilization practices for erosion control. Several commenters
interpreted this as a requirement to predict in advance the specific
dates when the stabilization practices would be implemented. The
commenters argued that since the pace of a construction project cannot
be known with certainty, it would not be possible to make such
predictions. Concern was also expressed regarding Part IV.D.2 of the
draft permit which requires that the SWPPP include the ``timing'' for
the control measures which would accompany the construction project.
Although the general timing may be reasonably predictable, the precise
timing can not predicted.
With regard to Part IV.D.2.a.(2) of the draft permit, it is not
EPA's intent that the dates for the implementation of the stabilization
practices be included in the SWPPP which is prepared at the time a
construction project begins. Rather, permittees would maintain and
update a record of such dates when the dates for implementation are
known. The record would be attached to the SWPPP. The final permit has
been modified to clarify this matter.
The intent of Part IV.D.2 of the draft permit is to ensure an
appropriate sequence of construction activities and accompanying BMPs
to minimize erosion. It is not EPA's intent that the exact timing of
the control measures be predicted in advance. For clarity, the final
permit replaces the word ``timing'' with ``general timing'' as was
suggested in the comments. The permit also provides an example of the
type of sequencing of construction activities and BMPs which is
intended by this permit requirement.
Local Requirements
Part IV D.2.c.(3) of the proposed permit includes the requirement
to ensure and demonstrate compliance with applicable state, tribal and/
or local waste disposal, sanitary sewer or septic system regulations to
the extent that applicable requirements exist within the permitted
area. One commenter requested that this language be deleted. The
comment stated that these regulations apply regardless of the storm
water permit. EPA agrees with this, however, EPA also believes that an
explicit statement of one's responsibility to comply with state,
tribal, and local regulations eliminates any doubt as to their
applicability to a project. It is not EPA's intent to require
permittees to reproduce pre-existing state, tribal, or local plans for
the sole purpose of including them as part of the project SWPPP. Plans
affecting the permitted activity, construction, may be referenced in
the SWPPP. The location of the other plans/policies, etc., should also
be clearly stated in the SWPPP. The provision for demonstration of
compliance with state, tribal and/or local regulations remains in the
permit.
Another commenter raised concerns over what they saw as overlapping
and conflicting requirements between the proposed permit and existing
State, Tribal, and local requirements in general. In response, EPA
draws their attention to Part IV.D.2.d. of the proposed permit, which
states that the permittee shall provide certification in their storm
water pollution prevention plans that reflect appropriate State, Tribal
and local regulations. Nothing in the permit is intended to relieve the
permittee of his obligations to comply with appropriate State, Tribal,
or local requirements. In a situation where there are similar
requirements under different programs, a permittee should comply with
the more stringent of the requirements. Permittees may also use
existing plans or local approvals as part of their pollution prevention
plans when such use is appropriate.
Signature, Plan Review and Making Plans Available
Several comments objected to the requirement that permittees
provide public access to SWPPPs. Some questioned whether EPA has the
authority to require permittees to provide such access. Others raised
liability issues with regard to allowing the general public to enter
construction sites. The proposed requirement was intended to provide
the public with information concerning the project and the SWPPP. EPA
does not intend to allow the public uncontrolled and unlimited access
to construction sites or to cause hazards or disruptions at
constructions sites. In response to the comments, Part II.C.2 has been
deleted (62 FR 29809 ) and Part IV.B.2 has been rewritten. The changed
language requires site operators to conspicuously post a notice near
the main entrance of the site. For linear construction projects (e.g.,
pipelines or highways) the notice must be placed in a publicly
accessible location near where construction is actively underway and
moved as necessary. If it is infeasible for the operator to post the
notice at the main entrance of the site, the notice shall be posted in
a local public building such as the town hall or the public library.
The notice shall include the following information: the project's NPDES
permit number; the local contact name and phone number; a description
of the project; and location of the SWPPP if it isn't maintained on
site. The permit does not require that the general public have access
to the site, nor does it require that operators provide copies of the
plan, or to mail copies of the plan, to members of the public. EPA
strongly encourages permittees to provide the public with access to
SWPPPs during reasonable hours. Upon request, EPA intends to assist
members of the public in obtaining access to permitting information,
including SWPPPs. EPA believes that this approach will create a balance
between the public's need for involvement in projects potentially
impacting water bodies and the operator's need for safe and unimpeded
work conditions.
Site Inspections
The June 2, 1997 proposed permit required site inspections to be
conducted once every fourteen calendar days. Several comments expressed
positive feedback that the proposed permit decreased the frequency for
inspections from once per seven calendar days, the requirement of the
baseline general permit promulgated in 1992, to the fourteen day period
now required. However, the feeling was that this was still too
burdensome. The purpose of an inspection at construction sites/projects
is to ensure that the pollution control measures described in a
project's pollution prevention plan are operating in the manner which
is described in the plan. The high level of activity which typically
occurs at construction sites can increase the potential for control
measures to be displaced or disrupted. Given the unpredictability of
the weather, EPA believes that inspections at the proposed frequency
will provide assurance that when a storm event occurs, control measures
will be operating properly. An inspection frequency less than that
which was proposed is not adequate to verify proper and continued
operation of control measures. Therefore, the inspection frequency
remains as proposed.
Another commenter raised issue with the frequency of inspections,
in that too many would cause damage to restored areas of linear
projects, such as pipeline
[[Page 7889]]
construction. They stated that alternative inspection schedules would
be more appropriate for these types of projects. In reply, EPA
reiterates that the purpose of inspections is to make sure that the
storm water pollution prevention controls and measures are operating
properly. When construction activities are occurring along various
locations of the project, such as a pipeline, inspections should be
conducted to ensure that control measures in that area are operating
properly. EPA would also point out that Part IV.D.4 of the permit
provides that inspections are only required once every 30 days for
areas which are finally or temporarily stabilized. EPA concludes
therefore, that no alternative inspection schedule should be included
in the final permit for such projects.
One commenter expressed concern regarding inspections at airports
and how they could be accomplished in compliance with FAA regulations,
particularly with regard to aspects of safety and security. In
response, EPA notes that the inspection provisions of the permit
pertain to the operator of a construction project inspecting his storm
water management systems and control measures. All EPA inspectors will
produce official credentials upon request to satisfy security concerns,
and will be able to accommodate reasonable safety procedures consistent
with the purpose of verifying permit compliance. EPA does not believe
that additional requirements need to be added to the permit.
Several comments were received on the difficulty in predicting
storm events and the requirement for qualified personnel to inspect
areas specified on the site ``* * * before anticipated storm events (or
series of storm events such as intermittent showers over a period of
days) expected to cause a significant amount of runoff * * *'' Part
IV.D.4. After consideration of these comments, EPA has modified this
section to read ``Qualified personnel (provided by the permittee or
cooperatively by multiple permittees) shall inspect disturbed areas of
the construction site that have not been finally stabilized, areas used
for storage of materials that are exposed to precipitation, structural
control measures, and locations where vehicles enter or exit the site
at least once every 14 calendar days and within 24 hours of the end of
a storm event of 0.5 inches or greater.'' The Agency will, however,
retain the language in Part IV.D.3, which reads ``* * * maintenance
shall be performed before the next anticipated storm event, or as
necessary to maintain the continues effectiveness of storm water
controls.'' EPA also recommends that permittees perform a ``walk
through'' inspection of the construction site before anticipated storm
events (or series of storm events such as intermittent showers over a
period of days) expected to cause a significant amount of runoff . The
Agency believes this modification will relieve regulatory burden, while
continuing to place sufficient emphasis on the importance pre-storm
preparedness.
Another commenter supported the proposed requirement for
inspections prior to anticipated storms. However, as noted above, this
provision was removed from the final permit due to concerns regarding
the predictability of the weather.
Contractor/Subcontractor Certification of the Storm Water Pollution
Prevention Plan
Site operators indicated that they often had difficulty in getting
contractors and subcontractors to sign the subcontractor certifications
in the previous permit and repeated in the proposed permit. This was a
problem for them since the permittee, and not the subcontractor, would
be liable for violating the permit if these subcontractor
certifications were not signed. Many also felt the certifications were
unnecessary since the quality of the storm water and compliance with
permit conditions was ultimately the permittee's responsibility anyway.
EPA has addressed the commenters'' concern by eliminating the
requirement for contractor/subcontractor certification of the pollution
prevention plan. EPA also points out that the permittee is responsible
for compliance with the terms and conditions of the permit, and that
coordination with subcontractors will be necessary to ensure
compliance.
Special Conditions, Management Practices, and Other Non-numeric
Limitations
Releases in Excess of Reportable Quantities
One commenter requested more specific references to information
regarding releases of reportable quantities (RQ) of hazardous
substances or oil, and the National Response Center (NRC). All
necessary information related to RQ releases and the NRC are contained
in the permit, and in 40 CFR Parts 110, 117 and 302. The National Oil
and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan (also known as the
National Contingency Plan (NCP)), found at 40 CFR 300, provides
additional information about the organizational structure and
procedures for preparing for and responding to discharges of oil and
releases of hazardous substances, pollutants, and contaminants. In
addition to the NCP, Regional Contingency Plans (RCP) exist for every
Region, and Area Contingency Plans (ACP) may also exist. EPA Regional
offices should be contacted directly for copies of available materials.
Additional information is available via the Internet at the following
web sites for the U.S. National Response Team (NRT) and the NRC:
www.nrt.org and www.dot.gov/dotinfo/uscg/hq/nrc.
Another comment was received requesting clarification on which
party is responsible for reporting an RQ release where more than one
operator (e.g. owner and contractor) has received coverage for the same
project. The commenter questioned whether both permittees need to
report an RQ release. Only one permittee for a project needs to report
an RQ release. The permittee with the most direct authority over the
spill should make the report. Generally, this will be the permittee
with day to day operational control of the construction project (e.g.
the general contractor).
A further comment requested a permit requirement that permittees
report any RQ releases to the operator of the municipal separate storm
sewer system in addition to the National Response Center (NRC). The NRC
was created under the National Contingency Plan (NCP) and is charged
with receiving reports of all chemical, radiological, oil and
biological releases regulated by the Clean Water Act. The NRC
immediately relays reports to the appropriate State and Federal on-
scene coordinators. Depending on the type of release, severity,
location and receiving system (soil, air or water), additional local
contacts may be notified (e.g., city fire departments or hazardous
material teams). EPA believes that this notification process is
efficient and effective. Individual municipalities should contact their
State or local response departments to request that they be provided
information when RQ releases occur to their storm sewer systems.
Standard Permit Conditions
Requiring an Individual Permit
Some commenters recommended that the construction general permit
not cover all construction activities and that some activities should
be publicly noticed prior to ground-breaking. These commenters were
concerned that some construction activities may warrant individual
permits.
[[Page 7890]]
According to Part VI.L of the proposed permit, ``The Director may
require any person authorized by this permit to apply for and/or obtain
either an individual NPDES permit or an alternative NPDES general
permit. Any interested person may petition the Director to take action
under this paragraph * * * '' However, it is a local land use decision
on whether to allow a proposed development project. It is only after
the decision to develop has been locally approved and the developer is
ready to break ground would the operator(s) need to apply for a permit.
Even then, EPA's authority is limited to placing conditions on the
discharge of pollutants from the site. The requirement for a permit is
therefore not triggered until long after the local land use decision
has been made. The Agency encourages interested parties to participate
in local public participation opportunities afforded by local land use
authorities.
The draft fact sheet had noted in section IV.C that in some
situations EPA may require dischargers authorized under the general
permit to apply for an individual permit, and that the general permit
would continue to apply until the individual permit becomes effective.
A commenter argued that if the general permit is inappropriate for a
particular project, construction should cease until the individual
permit becomes effective. The commenter also objected to the provision
allowing an unspecified amount of time to submit the individual
application.
NPDES regulations at 40 CFR 122.28(b)(3)(iv) provide that when an
individual permit is required for a facility covered by a general
permit, the applicability of the general permit terminates upon the
effective date of the individual permit. Since the commenter's
recommendation is inconsistent with the regulations in this regard, the
requested modification was not incorporated into the final permit. The
reason for these procedures is to provide the opportunity for public
comment on proposals to require individual permits which EPA believes
is important in making sound environmental decisions.
With regards to the issue of a deadline for submittal of individual
applications, we would again point out the NPDES regulations at 40 CFR
122.28(b)(3)(ii) do not specify such a deadline. A deadline was not
included in the final permit due to the wide variety of projects which
the general permit would cover, and uncertainties and variations in the
amount of time which may be necessary to provide the necessary
information. Any request by the director for an individual permit
application will specify the deadline for submittal.
Penalties for Non-Compliance
Some commenters argued that the civil and criminal penalties listed
in the permit are excessive for residential construction contractors
and seemed to be more geared toward large project industrial
construction activities. The penalties referenced in the permit are
simply the statutory maximums for violations of NPDES permits as
established by Congress and required to be included as a standard
condition in all NPDES permits (see 40 CFR 122.41(a), as revised).
Actual penalties assessed for permit violations in administrative
enforcement actions take into account factors such as the economic
benefit of avoiding permit compliance, gravity of the violation, and
the compliance history of the permittee.
Continued Coverage Under the Permit if it Expires Prior to Reissuance
or Replacement
Many parties were frustrated by the seeming unnecessary duplication
of effort involved in submission of NOIs, especially because the
previous CGP expired prior to reissuance. Permittees were frustrated
over having to submit one NOI during the term of the permit (48 hours
before construction), a second NOI to be covered by the expired but
administratively continued permit (prior to expiration), and a third
NOI to obtain coverage under the new permit once issued. To reduce the
paperwork and administrative burden, the Agency has reevaluated the
notification (reapplication) procedures for effective functioning of
general permitting consistent with applicable provisions of the
Administrative Procedure Act (APA), 5 U.S.C. 558(c).
Under the APA, if a permittee makes a timely and sufficient
application for a renewal or a new permit (in accordance with agency
rules), a permit for an activity of a continuing nature does not expire
until the application has been finally determined by the agency.
Enactment of the APA preceded the development of general or area wide
permits to authorize a variety of similar sources. General permits are
developed and issued prior to ``application'' for coverage from
individual dischargers. The functional equivalent to an application for
coverage under a general permit is the Notice of Intent (NOI).
Therefore, EPA general permits have provided for continuing
authorization to discharge under an expiring general permit by
requiring resubmission of an NOI prior to expiration. The resubmission
of the NOI indicated to the Agency that the discharger sought to renew
its permit authorization. By operation of law, the authorization to
discharge would continue until EPA ``finally determined'' the renewal
application, for example, through affirmative Agency action to make a
new general permit available or to require submission of an individual
permit application. In reissuing a general permit, however, the Agency
may revise permit requirements. Thus, the Agency required
reapplication--submission of a new NOI--for dischargers who elect to
abide by the terms of that new permit. If the new general permit
differed from the previous general permit in important ways, a
discharger may elect instead to apply for a individual permit.
For today's general permit, EPA has revised the notification
(reapplication) procedures that would apply if the Agency fails to
reissue a new general permit prior to expiration of this one.
Permittees will no longer be required to file an NOI prior to
expiration in order to maintain continuing authorization. Instead, EPA
will presume that a permittee who does not file a Notice of Termination
(NOT) or an individual permit application seeks continuing
authorization to discharge under the expiring permit and intends to
abide by the terms of the expiring permit until EPA reissues the permit
(or makes an alternative general permit available). EPA believes this
procedure is warranted under today's general permit because: (1) The
permit requires submission of a NOT to terminate permit coverage; (2)
construction activity (prior to final stabilization of land surfaces)
lasts for a fixed interval that may extend beyond expiration of the
permit; (3) EPA recognizes that circumstances beyond the control of the
permittee may result in its failure to obtain ``new'' permit coverage
prior to expiration of this general permit; and (4) the NOI
requirements from today's general permit may differ from the general
permit that would replace it. EPA notes that general permits for storm
water discharges associated with construction activity differ from most
all other EPA general permits because only construction general permits
require NOTs. Given the finite and limited duration of construction
activity which may straddle expiration of the general permit, combined
with the requirement for submission of a NOT, EPA believes this
procedure provides permittees with permit authorization with reduced
paperwork burdens.
The revised notification/reapplication procedures are as follows.
First, if the permit is reissued or replaced before the
[[Page 7891]]
expiration date, permittees will need to comply with whatever
conditions are in the new permit for transitioning from this permit
(usually submission of a new NOI). Second, if the permit is not
reissued or replaced until after the permit expires, the permit will
``continue'' in force and effect for those permittees who have
submitted an initial NOI but have not yet submitted an NOT or
individual permit application. A permittee will remain subject to
permit requirements until submission of an NOT. Such permittees remain
automatically covered under the expired general permit (and do not need
to resubmit an NOI to EPA prior to expiration) until the earliest of:
(1) Permit reissuance or replacement; (2) submission of a NOT; (3)
issuance of an individual permit for the activity; or (4) the Director
issues a formal permit decision not to reissue the permit, at which
time permittees must seek coverage under an alternative permit.
Definitions
``Operator''--the Party or Parties That Need To Apply for Permit
Coverage
Several commenters requested clarification of the definition of
``operator.'' Others felt that including the definition in the permit
was an illegal attempt to make a new regulatory definition without
going through the formal rulemaking process. The definition of
``operator'' is critical, since it is the operator of a discharge of
storm water associated with construction activity that is required to
obtain coverage under an NPDES permit. See 40 CFR 122.26(c)(1)(ii). The
Agency agrees some clarification is appropriate as to how the term
``operator'' is applied to construction sites. The interpretation of
``operator'' as it applies to discharges of storm water associated with
construction activity is consistent with the statutory and regulatory
requirements for permitting of dischargers and does not expand the
requirements of permits to anyone who is not already legally required
to obtain permits in accordance with the Clean Water Act and existing
regulations.
The definition of storm water associated with industrial activity
was promulgated November 16, 1990 [55 FR 47990] and is found at 40 CFR
122.26(b)(14). Category (x) of the definition of storm water associated
with industrial activity is ``construction activity including clearing,
grading, and excavation activities except: Operations that result in
the disturbance of less than five acres of total land area which are
not part of a larger common plan of development or sale.'' In
accordance with 40 CFR 122.21(b), ``when a facility or activity is
owned by one person but is operated by another person, it is the
operator's duty to obtain a permit.'' Since the applicability of the
``operator'' is important to understanding a party's responsibilities
under the permit, EPA believes it is critical to inform permittees of
the Agency's interpretation of how the regulatory definitions of
``owner or operator'' and ``facility or activity'' apply to discharges
of storm water associated with construction activity. The definition in
the permit is not a formal regulatory definition in and of itself.
In the context of discharges of storm water associated with
construction activity, EPA interprets ``operator'' to mean any party
associated with a construction project that meets either of the
following two criteria: (1) The party has operational control over
construction plans and specifications, including the ability to make
modifications to those plans and specifications; or (2) the party has
day-to-day operational control of those activities at a project which
are necessary to ensure compliance with a storm water pollution
prevention plan for the site or other permit conditions (e.g., they are
authorized to direct workers at a site to carry out activities required
by the storm water pollution prevention plan or comply with other
permit conditions). Further, an operator shall be considered to have
operational control over all their subcontractors.
EPA wants to make it clear that it does not intend to include under
the definition of ``operator'' individuals who hire a general
contractor to construct a home for their personal use (e.g., not those
to be sold for profit or used as rental property). EPA believes that
the general contractor, being a professional in the building industry,
should be the entity rather than the individual who is better equipped
to meet the requirements of both applying for permit coverage and
developing and properly implementing a SWPPP. However, individuals
would meet the definition of ``operator'' in instances where they
performed the general contracting duties for construction of their
personal residences.
Crosscutting Issues and Comments Not Directly Related to a Specific
Permit Condition
Authority To Regulate Storm Water Discharges Associated With
Construction Activity
Several commenters questioned EPA's legal authority to require
permits for discharges of storm water associated with construction
activity. Some of these commenters noted that EPA only has the
authority to regulate the discharge of pollutants.
First, EPA would like to point out that while the proposed permit
referred to ``discharges,'' 40 CFR 122.2 defines ``discharge'' to mean
``discharge of pollutants.'' The final permit has been modified in
several places to more clearly reflect that it is the discharge of
pollutants that is authorized and regulated by the permit. The
regulatory definition of ``discharge'' has also been added to the
permit.
Second, Clean Water Act section 301(a) states ``except in
compliance with this section and sections 302, 306, 307, 318, 402, and
404 of this Act, the discharge of any pollutant by any person shall be
unlawful.'' Section 402(a)(1) authorizes the Administrator to issue
permits for the discharge of pollutants. Section 402(p)(2) specifically
requires permits for the discharge of storm water associated with
industrial activity. The definition of ``storm water associated with
industrial activity'' was promulgated November 16, 1990 (55 FR 47990)
and is found at 40 CFR 122.26(b)(14). Category (x) of the definition is
``construction activity including clearing, grading, and excavation
activities except operations that result in the disturbance of less
than five acres of total land area which are not part of a larger
common plan of development or sale.'' Therefore, EPA is within its
statutory and regulatory authority to require NPDES permits for anyone
with operational control over a discharge of pollutants in storm water
associated with construction activity.
Public Comment and Public Hearings
Several comments were received stating that EPA did not provide
enough time for public comment, and should extend the public comment
period to allow for more public input to the permit. In response, EPA
notes that it has an obligation under 40 CFR 124.10 to give public
notice that a draft permit has been prepared. These regulations require
EPA to allow at least 30 days for public comment. EPA went beyond these
requirements by allowing 60 days for public comment, due to the level
of interest in this permit action. The Agency believes that 60 days was
an ample amount of time for all interested parties to submit comments.
In order to issue final permit by the time the existing general permit
expires, or soon thereafter, EPA kept a restrictive schedule and could
not extend the public comment period beyond the specified date of
August 1, 1997.
[[Page 7892]]
One commenter requested a hearing in Austin, Texas to address
issues related to that area of the State. EPA has an obligation under
40 CFR 124.12 to hold public hearings upon finding, on the basis of
requests, that a significant public interest exists in a draft permit;
or at the Director's discretion for instance, whenever such a hearing
might clarify issues involved in the permit decision. Many EPA Regions
scheduled public hearings in anticipation of significant public
interest. A public hearing was held in Dallas, Texas, and public
meetings were held in Houston and Dallas, Texas, and Albuquerque, New
Mexico. The Agency believes that the public hearing and meetings in
Texas provided ample opportunity for comment on issues related to all
areas of Texas. EPA further notes that today's final permit does not
include construction projects located in the State of Texas. These
projects will be covered under a separate general permit which is
currently under development.
Appropriateness of the Permit for Ensuring Protection of Environmental
Resources
Several commenters recommended that various requirements of the
permit should be strengthened to provide increased protection of
environmental resources. Others commenters were unclear regarding
certain requirements and requested clarification. Following below is a
discussion of the issues and the Agency's responses:
Performance Standards for Post-Construction Storm Water Management
A commenter objected to the lack of more specific criteria in the
permit related to post-construction storm water management. For
example, it was recommended that post-construction pollutant loadings
not exceed 120% of pre-construction loadings. Other recommendations
included a requirement for 80% removal of total suspended solids or
that post-development peak discharge flows not exceed pre-development
peak flows. It was noted that such requirements already exist in some
states. Another recommendation was for in-stream turbidity limits (or
removal of fines less than 0.85 mm to the greatest extent possible).
These types of permit requirements were also considered when the
Baseline Construction General Permit was originally issued in 1992.
However, such conditions were not included in that permit to ensure
that adequate flexibility was provided considering the large number of
States and the variety of geographic areas covered by the permit. EPA
continues to believe that adequate flexibility needs to be provided and
has not included the types of conditions recommended by the commenter.
With regards to the proposed turbidity limits, Part III.D of the permit
requires compliance with State water quality standards which should
ensure protection of receiving waters.
The commenter also recommended that Part IV.D.2.b.(2) of the draft
permit be revised to require velocity dissipation devices at outfalls
which genuinely provide non-erosive discharge velocities rather than
devices which are ineffective and merely installed for this purpose.
EPA agrees that the commenter's recommendation would strengthen and
improve the clarity of the permit. The final permit was revised to
require velocity dissipation devices which actually provide non-erosive
discharge velocities rather than merely installing devices designed for
that purpose but are ineffective.
Retaining Sediment and Implementing Permit Requirements to the Maximum
Extent Practicable
A commenter noted that Part IV.D.2.a.(1)(a) of the draft permit had
included as a goal the retention of sediment on-site to the maximum
extent practicable. The commenter recommended that the permit should
require that all components of the SWPPP to be implemented to the
maximum extent practicable level. The commenter also argued that the
objective of retaining sediment on-site is too weak. More specifics
should be provided such as retention of sediment via site planning,
phasing and other control measures.
EPA disagrees that the term ``maximum extent practicable'' is
necessarily appropriate in conjunction with all other components of the
SWPPP. The term was included in Part IV.D.2.a.(1)(a) of the draft
permit to provide guidance regarding the overall goal of retention of
sediments on the construction site. EPA believes that the existing
language elsewhere in the permit appropriately describes the level of
effort which is expected for other SWPPP components. EPA is also
concerned that the use of the term ``maximum extent practicable'' in
Part IV.D.2.a.(1)(a) of the construction permit may result in confusion
since this is the technology-based level of control required by the
Clean Water Act for pollutants discharged in storm water from municipal
separate storm sewer systems. To avoid potential confusion, the final
construction storm water permit uses the term ``extent practicable'' in
Part IV.D.2.a.(1)(a).
EPA also disagrees that specific control measures need to be
included in Part IV.D.2.a.(1)(a) of the permit. The purpose of this
section of the permit is only to set forth the overall objectives for
sediment and erosion control. The permit also includes more specific
control measures which are found elsewhere in the permit.
Excluding Coverage Based on Water Quality Concerns of Local Officials
Part I.B.3.d of the draft general permit excludes from coverage
discharges which the Director (EPA) determines will cause, or have the
reasonable potential to cause excursions above water quality standards.
A commenter recommended that the permit be modified to provide that
this determination could also be made by local officials who might be
more familiar with the discharges than EPA.
EPA believes that the concerns of the commenter can be adequately
accommodated by the permit. In situations where a local official
believes coverage under the general permit is inappropriate, the
official may petition EPA to require an individual permit application.
As such, the recommendation of the commenter was not included in the
final permit.
Legal Action for Late NOIs
Part II.A.5 of the draft permit (Part II.A.4 of the final permit)
notes that the Agency may take enforcement action for unpermitted
activities for dischargers who submit late NOIs. A commenter
recommended that this section mention that such actions may also be
initiated by other parties such as States or private citizens.
While it is true that legal actions may be initiated by interested
parties such as private citizens for unpermitted activities, EPA does
not believe that this needs to be pointed out in the permit. As such,
the final permit was not modified to include this recommendation.
Protection of Habitat for Species in the Receiving Waters
A commenter expressed concern regarding the potential of
construction projects to alter existing flow characteristics of the
receiving waters and degrade the habitat of aquatic species such as
fish in the process. The commenter argued that such degradation is not
allowed by antidegradation policy and should not be allowed by the
permit.
[[Page 7893]]
In response to this concern, Part III.D of the draft general permit
requires compliance with water quality standards. Also, an
antidegradation policy consistent with 40 CFR 131.12 is required to be
part of water quality standards. As such, the permit requires that any
degradation of receiving waters caused by the discharges must be
consistent with antidegradation requirements. Further, Part I.B.3.d of
the general permit excludes from coverage discharges from construction
sites with a reasonable potential to cause or contribute to violations
of water quality standards. Coverage under an individual permit, or an
alternate general permit would be required for discharges not
authorized by the general permit in question here. The individual
permit or alternate general permit could include specific requirements
to address the concerns of the commenter regarding the implications of
the discharge from a particular project for the receiving waters. EPA
believes that these procedures and requirements appropriately address
the concerns of the commenter and has not included additional
conditions in response to the comment.
The commenter also recommended that the general permit application
(i.e., the NOI form) should be modified to require the submittal of
certain additional information and analyses for projects with the
potential to degrade habitat as discussed above. EPA believes, however,
for ease of use and the cost of information collection, the information
requirements of the NOI form should be kept to a minimum and that the
commenter's concern is best addressed through individual, or alternate
general permitting. As such, the NOI form was not modified in response
to this comment.
Site Data Requirements for the SWPPP
A commenter recommended that Part IV.D.1.d of the draft permit be
modified to require certain additional site data for the SWPPP. The
draft permit had only required existing soil data, which the commenter
believed was inadequate because existing data may not be available in
some cases. In addition, the commenter recommended that the permit
require slope information and a comparison of pre-development and post-
development runoff coefficients.
In response to the first comment, EPA has deleted the word
``existing'' from the final permit in relation to the soil data. Soil
data will already exist for the vast majority of construction projects
and lack of existing data will rarely be a problem. However, EPA agrees
that soil data are important in developing an appropriate SWPPP and
that if existing data are not available, the permittee must obtain
sufficient data to develop an appropriate SWPPP by other means.
With regards to slope information at the construction site, EPA
believes that the draft permit already requires adequate descriptive
information. The final permit, though, does require an estimate of the
pre-construction and post-construction runoff coefficients as
recommended by the commenter. This information will help in assessing
the potential hydrological impacts of a particular project.
Maintenance of Structural Storm Water Controls
A commenter expressed concern that the permit does not require
maintenance for structural controls which may be included in a new
development for storm water pollution control after the development has
been completed. Another commenter recommended that the permit at least
urge permittees to consider long term maintenance of the controls.
EPA believes that permittees operating under the general
construction permit should not be responsible for the longer term
maintenance of structural BMPs. The permit is intended to apply to
discharges described at 40 CFR 122.26(b)(14)(x) which applies to
discharges from construction activity only. However, the final fact
sheet was modified to include in the discussion of structural controls
a recommendation that permittees consider longer term maintenance in
the selection of their controls. The permit itself also notes that
discharges from the structural controls may be subject to other
municipal or industrial storm water permits which could address the
maintenance of the controls. EPA strongly recommends that arrangements
be made for the long-term maintenance of BMPs to control storm water
discharges.
Contouring and Sensitive Area Protection
A commenter recommended that more discussion be included in the
fact sheet concerning contouring (matching a development to the lay of
the land) and sensitive area protection. More discussion of these
issues in the fact sheet would increase awareness among developers of
these issues and their importance. EPA agrees that a discussion of
these issues would be beneficial and has included such a discussion in
the final fact sheet.
Phasing Activities at Construction Sites
A commenter contended that phasing of construction activities for a
given project is a particularly important BMP which should be required
by the permit (at least for sites greater than 10 acres in size) and
discussed in more detail in the fact sheet to emphasize its importance.
While EPA agrees with the commenter on the importance of phasing,
the Agency disagrees that it should necessarily be required for all
projects. The general permit applies to a wide variety of projects in
many different geographic locations, and specific requirements for
phasing may not be appropriate or provide adequate flexibility in some
cases. However, as recommended by the commenter, additional discussion
of phasing was added to the final fact sheet. When individual SWPPPs
are evaluated pursuant to Part IV.B of the permit, phasing could be
required as appropriate for individual construction projects.
Requirements for Minimum Control Measures
A commenter recommended that the permit should include certain
minimum requirements for controls. For example, in developing SWPPPs
permittees should be required to select some minimum number of controls
from a menu which would be provided.
EPA has provided a menu of potential control measures from which
permittees may select appropriate controls for their projects. These
controls (which are not necessarily an exhaustive list) are found in
Parts IV.D.2 and 3 of the permit and are also elaborated on in the fact
sheet. However, EPA disagrees that the permit should require some
minimum number of controls for each project. As mentioned earlier,
adequate flexibility must be provided given the wide variety of
projects and geographic areas which are covered by the general permit.
SWPPPs must nevertheless include an adequate number of BMPs to comply
with the requirements of the permit.
Controls for Construction Debris and Chemicals
A commenter noted that Part IV.D.2.a(1)(e) of the draft permit
requires control measures for litter, construction debris and chemicals
at a site, but then suggests screening as a potential method for
control. The commenter argued that screening would be inappropriate as
a control measure for construction chemicals and that other measures
should be required. In addition, the commenter recommended continuous
litter removal rather than daily removal as suggested.
[[Page 7894]]
Part IV.D.2.a(1)(e) suggests control measures for these types of
pollutants but does not indicate that the suggestions are the only
measures which should be considered. In addition, Part IV.D.2.c of the
permit requires a narrative description of practices to reduce
pollutants from construction related materials. As such, EPA believes
that the permit addresses the concerns of the commenter. Further, the
suggestion in Part IV.D.2.a(1)(e) for daily pick-up of litter and
debris is only a suggestion; if more frequent pick-up is needed for
adequate control of pollutants, then it should be included in the
SWPPP.
Another commenter objected to the requirement in Part IV.D.2.c for
an inventory of construction materials noting that the materials may
not be known at the time the initial SWPPP is prepared. EPA believes
that this is a valid concern, and the final permit was modified to
require a description of construction materials expected to be stored
on-site with updates to the description as appropriate.
Inspection of Inaccessible Discharge Locations
A commenter objected to the provision in Part IV.D.4.a of the draft
permit which only requires inspections of discharge locations which are
accessible. If a discharge location is inaccessible, the commenter
recommended that the nearest possible downstream location be inspected.
The provision exempting inspections of inaccessible discharge
locations was included in the permit to ensure the safety of
construction site personnel. However, in response to the commenter's
concern, the final permit includes a requirement for downstream
inspections to assess the impacts of the discharges to the extent that
such inspections are practicable.
Miscellaneous Issues
Several miscellaneous comments were also received which relate to
the issue of the level of environmental protection provided by the
permit. For example, a commenter supported a strong enforcement program
to accompany the permit and EPA would agree that enforcement is a
critical element of the program which we are also implementing to the
maximum extent which the Agency's resources allow. A commenter also
supported Part IV.D.2 of the draft permit which requires that the SWPPP
identify the permittees which are responsible for implementation of
each control measure. In addition, this commenter supported the
requirement in Part IV.D.4.b of the permit which requires revisions of
SWPPPs within 7 days if an inspection indicates that the revisions are
necessary. EPA agrees with the commenter on these issues and has
retained the requirements in the final permit.
A commenter noted a discrepancy between Part IV.D.2.a.(3) of the
draft permit and the corresponding discussion in section IV.G.5.b.(iii)
of the draft fact sheet. Part IV.D.2.a.(3) of the permit requires
controls to the degree attainable, while the fact sheet states and that
controls are required to the degree economically attainable. The
commenter objected to the inclusion of economic considerations. The
commenter also recommended that ``degree attainable'' should be
replaced by ``greatest degree attainable.'' For consistency and in
response to this comment, EPA has revised the final fact sheet by
replacing the term ``degree economically attainable'' with ``degree
attainable.'' However, EPA believes the words ``degree attainable'' are
suitable for describing the level of effort which is required and has
not included the word ``greatest'' as recommended by the commenter.
This commenter also noted another apparent inconsistency between
the draft fact sheet (section IV.G.5.b.(iii) and Part IV.D.2.a.(3)(a)
of the draft permit). For drainage locations which serve 10 or more
acres for which a sediment basin (providing 3,600 cubic feet per acre
drained) is not available, the fact sheet indicates that at a minimum
silt fences or the equivalent are required. The permit, however,
indicates that silt fences, vegetative buffer strips or the equivalent
are required. The commenter argued that silt fences are often
ineffective and should not be cited as some sort of standard. In
addition, the commenter recommended that any alternative to a sediment
basin should genuinely be the equivalent of a sediment basin.
For consistency between the final fact sheet and permit, EPA has
modified the final fact sheet to include vegetative buffer strips as
well as silt fences. Reference to vegetative buffer strips was
inadvertently omitted from the draft fact sheet. However, the permit
does not require that the alternate controls necessarily be the
equivalent of sediment basins since this may not be attainable. We
would point out that the permit does require that smaller basins be
used to extent that this is possible.
A commenter also recommended that structural controls should not be
placed in wetlands. In response, EPA would note that the placement of
structures in wetlands and other waters of the United States is
regulated under section 404 of the CWA, rather than the NPDES permit
program. However, the fact sheet does recommend that such controls be
placed on upland soils to the degree attainable.
A commenter also recommended that emergency plans for erosion
protection should be required in SWPPPs when especially heavy rainfall
is predicted. EPA, however, believes that the various elements of the
permit which address erosion protection already require an appropriate
level of overall preparation for the storms which may occur in a given
area. Therefore, special requirements for especially heavy rain (when
predicted) were not included in the final permit.
A commenter recommended that for clarity, the definition of point
source in Part IX of the draft permit should be modified to include
swales as a type of discharge conveyance. In response to this comment,
EPA would note that the definition of point source which is used in the
permit was obtained from NPDES regulations at 40 CFR 122.2 and the
Clean Water Act itself in section 502. EPA is not at liberty to modify
such fundamental definitions of the NPDES permit program within the
context of the issuance of a general permit. Moreover, EPA believes
that the existing definition, and previous EPA guidance on this matter
(see for example the discussion in the preamble to the storm water
application regulations at 55 FR 47996) are sufficient to clearly
indicate that swales could be considered point sources.
This commenter also recommended that Part VI.O (Inspection and
Entry) of the draft permit be modified to allow entry by any local
government official, not just those with responsibility for an MS4. In
response to this issue, EPA would point out that Part VI.O originates
from NPDES regulations at 40 CFR 122.41(i) which sets forth conditions
which must included in all NPDES permits. The wording of the condition
has been modified slightly to accommodate the storm water permit (i.e.,
the MS4 operator would be acting as an authorized representative of the
Director) while retaining the intent of the regulations. However, EPA
has not modified the condition in accordance with the recommendation of
the commenter since ``any local government official'' would not
necessarily be considered a representative of the Director.
Municipal Role
Several comments and questions were received pertaining to the role
of municipalities in implementing the requirements of the construction
general
[[Page 7895]]
permit (CGP). In particular, questions were raised regarding municipal
responsibilities to inform dischargers of the new permit and its
requirements, and also whether municipalities would be responsible for
checking off-site storage areas and spill reporting. A commenter also
recommended permitting of municipal separate storm sewer systems (MS4s)
on a watershed basis to provide better coordination among the various
MS4 programs for construction sites within a watershed. Additional
recommendations which were received included: (1) NOIs should not be
required in MS4s serving a population of 100,000 or more where the
equivalent of a storm water pollution prevention plan is already
required by municipal ordinances; (2) construction should be exempt
from permitting if the municipality requires 100% containment of post-
development runoff; and (3) overall permitting should be simplified,
and a municipality might serve as a suitable location where a builder
could get all required local, State and Federal permits.
With regard to the questions concerning municipal responsibilities
for construction projects, the operator of the construction project is
primarily responsible for compliance with general permit requirements
such as NOI submittal and spill reporting. However, MS4 operators may
also have a role depending on the requirements of their MS4 permit.
NPDES regulations at 40 CFR 122.26(d)(2)(iv)(D) require that MS4
operators develop a program for controlling pollutants in construction
site runoff entering the MS4, including activities such as site
inspections and educational activities. As such, MS4 operators may be
required to implement the types of activities contemplated by the
commenters. However, the specific requirements would be determined by
the MS4 permits rather than the construction general permit. Therefore,
no changes were made to the permit language regarding MS4
responsibilities.
With regard to the issue of watershed permitting, NPDES regulations
already provide the necessary authority for such permitting. The
definitions of the terms large MS4 and medium MS4 include any MS4s
within a watershed which need to be permitted because of factors such
as storm sewer interconnections within a watershed (40 CFR 122.26(b)(4)
and (7)). EPA has also supported watershed permitting in a previous
document entitled the Watershed Approach Framework (June 1996). In
addition, the Urban Wet Weather Flows Federal Advisory Committee, which
EPA convened in May 1995, has prepared a draft guidance document
specifically for wet weather flows which also encourages permitting on
watershed basis.
EPA also considered the three other recommendations related to the
municipal role in the regulation of construction site runoff. EPA is
considering how to deal with qualifying local programs in Phase II of
the Agency's storm water permitting program. A few permitting
authorities (e.g., the State of Michigan) have developed programs in
which most of the requirements consist of local requirements which are
referenced by their permits. However, for the States in which the
general permit was proposed, EPA does not have the necessary
information at this time to determine whether such an arrangement would
be appropriate. If the commenter wishes to explore this matter further,
alternate general permits be pursued in particular States or
municipalities.
In response to the second recommendation, the CGP is intended to
regulate construction site runoff during construction rather than after
final stabilization is achieved. As such, containment of post-
construction runoff is irrelevant to the question of whether a
construction storm water permit is needed.
With regard to the third recommendation, EPA concurs that
regulatory agencies should try to simplify permitting whenever
possible. Many counties have already developed programs whereby
information and forms can be obtained at a single location. The Urban
Wet Weather Flows Advisory Committee is also attempting to find
practical ways of streamlining the storm water program. However, it is
not possible to completely accommodate the recommendation since there
are also certain legal constraints which must be observed concerning
which agency must actually issue required permits. No changes to the
permit were made in response to this issue.
Clarification of the Permit Language
Several commenters felt that it would be difficult for the average
permittee to follow the terms of the SWPPP and the permit.
The proposed permit was structured after the 1992 permit (with
modifications reflecting new concerns and laws), so there is five years
of industry experience in implementing the general terms of the permit.
The ease or difficulty of following an SWPPP is dependent on the
complexity of the permittee's self-generated plan. However, EPA has
revised various portions of the permit, including those related to
permittee roles and responsibilities and the SWPPP to improve
readability and clarity.
Cost Concerns
Many members of the regulated community (particularly the building
industry and utility companies) were concerned with the costs of
controlling the quality of storm water discharged from construction
sites, and for certifying permit eligibility pursuant to the Endangered
Species Act (ESA) and National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA).
Residential builders were concerned with the impact permit compliance
would have on new home prices. Others commented that EPA failed to
recognize the additive nature of the costs of storm water sediment and
erosion controls and storm water management measures, and the economic
impact they have on small businesses. Permit compliance was quoted to
add from $1,000 to over $1,850 to each home's price. A utility company
estimated that their compliance cost would be approximately $1,000 per
lot, which would need to be passed on to the developers.
EPA recognizes that an investment must be made to ensure erosion
and sediment runoff are minimized at construction sites. As explained
in the ESA section of this Summary of Response to Comments and Addendum
A of the permit, the Agency included evaluation conditions and
eligibility restrictions in the permit based on requirements imposed on
the EPA under other Federal laws, specifically evaluation and
consultation requirements related to the protection of endangered
species. As discussed previously, EPA may modify the permit to reflect
historic preservation concerns. Enough flexibility exists in the permit
so that a permittee can design and implement a storm water pollution
prevention plan in an efficient and cost effective manner which will
meet the goals of the NPDES program and the Clean Water Act, as well as
the eligibility restrictions derived from Agency consultations with
other federal agencies pursuant to other federal laws. EPA has also
significantly reduced the burden on utility company service line
installations by limiting the situations when these activities would
require permit coverage. EPA believes that the majority of these
activities can be classified as subcontractor-type work which can be
more efficiently covered under a site operator's previously prepared
SWPPP.
EPA believes that in most cases there is not an onerous burden
caused by
[[Page 7896]]
cumulative expenditures for storm water controls. Many best management
practices are single-installation only and are nominal compared with
the overall site-development costs. In addition, some measures such as
sod stabilization, pond construction and tree protection add value to
the development. While storm water control costs incurred by builders
and developers may be passed onto consumers, the consequences of not
providing storm water controls is the degradation of streams, lakes and
wetlands for purposes such as recreation, fishing and sources of
drinking water. This not only upsets an area's ecology and aesthetics,
but also ultimately devalues the area and makes it less attractive to
investors.
The per-lot cost figures cited by developers for permit compliance
were not substantiated or correlated to a lot or development size.
Assuming the storm water expenditures were accurate, EPA questions
whether they would actually be prohibitive for builders or home
purchasers. For instance, in the western United States the median new-
home price for the first three quarters of 1997 was $159,500 according
to information from the U.S. Census Bureau as supplied by the National
Association of Homebuilders. The minimum-sized development triggering
NPDES permitting, five acres, might realistically be divided into ten
half-acre plots, making the development worth nearly $1.6 million. A
$1000 surcharge assessed to a homeowner represents a 0.63% expenditure
while $1,850 represents 1.16% expenditure. According to the Economic
Analysis of the Proposed Storm Water Phase II Rule, a 5-acre site would
require soil and erosion controls costing $6,382 (mean cost in 1997
dollars) and $885 in costs related to NOI submission and SWPPP
generation/implementation. The combined total of $7,267 represents only
0.45% of the value of the development to the builder.
Several trade groups, utility companies, and individuals commented
that the cumulative cost of permit compliance was high enough that
constituted a ``significant regulatory action'' and should trigger
review of the permit by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) under
Executive Order 12866. Commenters felt the goal of clean water could be
attained with easier, less costly requirements and that more attention
should be paid to a cost-benefit analysis.
According to Executive Order 12866, agencies must determine if a
regulatory action is ``significant'' and consequently subject to the
requirements of the Executive Order. Section 3(e) of the Executive
Order defines ``regulatory action'' to mean ``any substantive action by
an agency (normally published in the Federal Register) that promulgates
or is expected to lead to the promulgation of a final rule or
regulation, including notices of inquiry, advance notices of proposed
rulemaking, and notices of proposed rulemaking.'' As explained in
response to comments regarding the Regulatory Flexibility Act, EPA
believes that today's general permit is not a ``rule.'' Also noted in
that discussion, however, EPA's conclusions on this issue have not been
consistent over time. Notwithstanding any historical inconsistency on
the legal identity of a general permit, OMB has waived review of
general permits under Executive Order 12866 (and its predecessor,
Executive Order 12291). OMB has reviewed some of the requirements under
the general permit under its information collection review and approval
role under the Paperwork Reduction Act.
Notwithstanding EPA's determination that the permits were not
subject to formal OMB review, the Agency did evaluate the associated
cost impacts. The major costs incurred by permittees are for sediment
and erosion controls and for storm water management controls. Typical
costs for these control measures are contained in the proposed permit
(62 FR 29802-29803) where it is evident that they are nominal in
relation to the costs associated with construction projects of five
acres or more. It is important to point out that costs for any single
project will depend on site-specific considerations and the expertise
of permittees in preparing and implementing storm water pollution
prevention plans. From some of the comments received it appeared that
those commenters either did not fully understand the flexibility built
into the permit for selecting the most cost-effective control measures
or they simply overlooked opportunities for cost savings.
For example, one commenter estimated a cost based on the assumption
that the permit required installation of silt fences on both sides of
each residential lot, even though: (1) Silt fencing is but one
acceptable perimeter control among a variety of options available under
the CGP; (2) perimeter controls between lots may not be necessary when
adjacent lots are under construction at the same time; and (3) if a
silt fence is needed between adjacent lots, its cost could reasonably
be split between the two lots. The commenter should also consider that
if an adjoining lot was already stabilized, a vegetative buffer strip
might already be in place for that side and could be considered an
alternative control measure at no additional cost.
Another factor to be considered regarding the burden the NPDES
program imposes is the time and cost savings attainable with a general
permit. This is particularly relevant for the endangered species
protection requirements which must be completed before a Notice of
Intent can be submitted. While surveys and assessments may be necessary
in order to certify compliance with the ESA-related eligibility
restrictions, the CGP allows permittees to utilize the investigations
(and certifications) made by other parties in lieu of performing their
own for a particular project area. If the only other option available
is an individually drafted, site-specific NPDES permit, endangered
species and historic preservation assessments would still need to be
completed and the permit application would have to be submitted at
least 90 days prior to commencement of construction per 40 CFR
122.21(c). Following application completion and Agency review, the EPA
may need to complete potentially time-consuming consultations on
endangered species. After completion of such consultations, EPA would
need to prepare a draft individual permit and make it available for
public notice and comment. The Agency would need to conduct a public
hearing if, based on public comments received, there was significant
public interest. Finally, the Agency would need to respond to public
comments and make a final determination on issuance of the permit.
Given the activities listed above and the time associated to complete
each one, the time and subsequent cost required to issue an individual
permit for a construction project could be significantly greater than
that required for obtaining general permit coverage.
IX. Cost Estimates
The major costs associated with pollution prevention plans for
construction activities include the costs of sediment and erosion
controls (see Table 1) and the costs of storm water management measures
(see Table 2). The CGP provides flexibility in developing controls for
construction activities. Typically, most construction sites will employ
a variety of the listed sediment and erosion controls and storm water
management controls. In general, the larger a site is, the lower the
per-acre cost of pollution prevention will be.
[[Page 7897]]
Table 1.--Sediment and Erosion Control Costs
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Temporary seeding............ $1.00 per square foot
Permanent seeding............ 1.00 per square foot
Mulching..................... 1.25 per square foot
Sod stabilization............ 4.00 per square foot
Vegetative buffer strips..... 1.00 per square foot
Protection of trees.......... 30.00 to $200.00 per tree set
Earth dikes.................. 5.50 per linear foot
Silt fences.................. 6.00 per linear foot
Drainage swales--grass....... 3.00 per square yard
Drainage swales--sod......... 4.00 per square yard
Drainage swales--riprap...... 45.00 per square yard
Drainage swales--asphalt..... 35.00 per square yard
Drainage swales--concrete.... 65.00 per square yard
Check dams--rock............. 100 per dam
Check dams--covered straw 50 per dam
bales.
Level spreader--earthen...... 4.00 per square yard
Level spreader--concrete..... 65.00 per square yard
Subsurface drain............. 2.25 per linear foot
Pipe slope drain............. 5.00 per linear foot
Temporary storm drain variable
diversion.
Storm drain inlet protection. 300 per inlet
Rock outlet protection....... 45 per square yard
Sediment traps............... 500 to $7,000 per trap
Temporary sediment basins.... 5,000 to $50,000 per basin
Sump pit..................... 500 to $7,000
Entrance stabilization....... 1,500 to $5,000 per entrance
Entrance wash rack........... 2,000 per rack
Temporary waterway crossing.. 500 to $1,500
Wind breaks.................. 2.50 per linear foot
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Practices such as sod stabilization and tree protection increase
property values and satisfy consumer aesthetic needs.
Sources: ``Means Site Work Cost Data,'' 9th edition, 1990, R.S. Means
Company. ``Sediment and Erosion Control, An Inventory of Current
Practices,'' prepared by Kamber Engineering for U.S. EPA, April 1990.
Table 2.--Annualized Costs of Several Storm Water Management Options for
Construction Sites
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Annualized * Annualized **
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Wet Ponds............................... $5,872 $9,820
Dry Ponds............................... 3,240 5,907
Dry Ponds with Extended Detention....... 3,110 5,413
Infiltration Trenches................... 4,134 6,359
------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Cost for 9-acre developed area.
** Cost for 20-acre developed area.
Estimates based on methodology presented in ``Cost of Urban Runoff
Quality Controls,'' Wiegand, C., Schueler, T., Chittenden, W., and
Jellick, D., Urban Runoff Quality--Impact and Quality Enhancement
Technology, Proceedings of an Engineering Foundation Conference, ASCE,
1986, edited by B. Urbonas and L.A. Roesner.
Costs are presented in 1992 dollars. Annualized costs are based on a 10-
year period and 10% discount rate. Estimates include a contingency
cost of 25% of the construction cost and operation and maintenance
costs of 5% of the construction cost. Land costs are not included.
X. Regulatory Review (Executive Order 12866)
Under Executive Order 12866, (58 FR 51735 [October 4, 1993]) the
Agency must determine whether the regulatory action is ``significant''
and therefore subject to OMB review and the requirements of the
Executive Order. The Order defines ``significant regulatory action'' as
one that is likely to result in a rule that may have an annual effect
on the economy of $100 million or more or adversely affect in a
material way the economy, a sector of the economy, productivity,
competition, jobs, the environment, public health or safety, or State,
local or Tribal governments or communities; create a serious
inconsistency or otherwise interfere with an action taken or planned by
another agency; materially alter the budgetary impact of entitlements,
grants, user fees, or loan programs or the rights and obligations of
recipients thereof; or raise novel legal or policy issues arising out
of legal mandates, the President's priorities, or the principles set
forth in the Executive Order. It has been determined that this re-
issued general permit is not a ``significant regulatory action'' under
the terms of Executive Order 12866. EPA has initiated informal OMB
review of this general permit, specifically portions involving the
information collection requirements under the Paperwork Reduction Act,
and will complete a formal review for the Paperwork Reduction Act in
the near future.
XI. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act
Title II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (UMRA), Pub.
L. 104-4, establishes requirements for Federal agencies to assess the
effects of their regulatory actions on State, local, and Tribal
governments and the private sector. Under UMRA section 202, EPA
generally must prepare a written statement, including a cost-benefit
analysis, for proposed and final rules with ``Federal mandates'' that
may result in expenditures to State, local, and Tribal governments, in
the aggregate, or to the private sector, of $100 million or more in any
one year. Before promulgating an EPA rule for which a written statement
is needed, UMRA section 205 generally requires EPA to identify and
consider a
[[Page 7898]]
reasonable number of regulatory alternatives and adopt the least
costly, most cost-effective or least burdensome alternative that
achieves the objectives of the rule. The provisions of UMRA section 205
do not apply when they are inconsistent with applicable law. Moreover,
UMRA section 205 allows EPA to adopt an alternative other than the
least costly, most cost-effective or least burdensome alternative if
the Administrator publishes an explanation with the final rule why the
alternative was not adopted.
Before EPA establishes any regulatory requirements that may
significantly or uniquely affect small governments, including Tribal
governments, it must have developed under UMRA section 203 a small
government agency plan. The plan must provide for notifying potentially
affected small governments, enabling officials of affected small
governments to have meaningful and timely input in the development of
EPA regulatory proposals with significant Federal intergovernmental
mandates, and informing, educating and advising small governments on
compliance with the regulatory requirements.
A. UMRA Section 202 and the Construction General Permit
UMRA section 202 requires a written statement containing certain
assessments, estimates and analyses prior to the promulgation of
certain general notices of proposed rulemaking (2 U.S.C. 1532). UMRA
section 421(10) defines ``rule'' based on the definition of rule in the
Regulatory Flexibility Act. Section 601 of the Regulatory Flexibility
Act defines ``rule'' to mean any rule for which an agency publishes a
general notice of proposed rulemaking pursuant to section 553 of the
Administrative Procedure Act. EPA does not propose to issue NPDES
general permits based on APA section 553. Instead, EPA relies on
publication of general permits in the Federal Register in order to
provide ``an opportunity for a hearing'' under CWA section 402(a), 33
U.S.C. section 1342(a). Nonetheless, EPA has evaluated permitting
alternatives for regulation of storm water discharges associated with
construction activity. The general permit that EPA proposes to re-issue
would be virtually the same NPDES general permit for construction that
many construction operators have used over the past five years.
Furthermore, general permits provide a more cost and time efficient
alternative for the regulated community to obtain NPDES permit coverage
than that provided through individually drafted permits.
B. UMRA Section 203 and the Construction General Permit
Agencies are required to prepare small government agency plans
under UMRA section 203 prior to establishing any regulatory requirement
that might significantly or uniquely affect small governments.
``Regulatory requirements'' might, for example, include the
requirements of these NPDES general permits for discharges associated
with construction activity, especially if a municipality sought
coverage under one of the general permits. EPA envisions that some
municipalities--those with municipal separate storm sewer systems
serving a population over 100,000--may elect to seek coverage under
these proposed general permits. For many municipalities, however, a
permit application is not required until August 7, 2001, for a storm
water discharge associated with construction activity where the
construction site is owned or operated by a municipality with a
population of less than 100,000. (See 40 CFR 122.26(e)(1)(ii)&(g)).
In any event, any such permit requirements would not significantly
affect small governments because most State laws already provide for
the control of sedimentation and erosion in a similar manner as today's
general permit. Permit requirements also would not uniquely affect
small governments because compliance with the permit's conditions
affects small governments in the same manner as any other entity
seeking coverage under the permit. Thus, UMRA section 203 would not
apply.
XII. Paperwork Reduction Act
The information collection requirements in this rule will be
submitted for approval to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB)
under the Paperwork Reduction Act, 44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq. On June 2,
1997, EPA solicited comments on the proposed revision to the current
Information Collection Request (ICR) document for this permit (ICR
approved OMB; OMB No. 2040-0086, expiration, August 31, 1998) to
accommodate the increased information requirements in the new NOI for
the construction general permit (62 FR 29826). EPA estimates an
increase in the burden associated with filling out the NOI form for the
permit due to added requirements under the Endangered Species Act. EPA
also anticipates a small increase in the time because of the
requirement to submit an NOT upon completion of construction
activities.
An agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required
to respond to a collection of information unless it displays a
currently valid OMB control number. The OMB control numbers for EPA's
regulations are listed in 40 CFR Part 9 and 48 CFR Chapter 15. The
permit explains that applicants must use the existing NOI form until
EPA publishes a Federal Register notice announcing OMB approval of the
revised NOI form. Applicants must use the revised NOI form after this
notice is published.
XIII. Regulatory Flexibility Act
Under the Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA), 5 U.S.C. 601 et seq., a
Federal agency must prepare an initial regulatory flexibility analysis
``for any proposed rule'' for which the agency ``is required by section
553 of [the Administrative Procedure Act (APA)], or any other law, to
publish general notice of proposed rulemaking.'' The RFA exempts from
this requirement any rule that the issuing agency certifies ``will not,
if promulgated, have a significant economic impact on a substantial
number of small entities.''
EPA did not prepare an initial regulatory flexibility analysis
(IRFA) for the proposed CGP. (Note that in today's action, EPA is
issuing a separate general permit for each jurisdiction where EPA
issues permits; i.e., in certain States, Indian Country lands and
Federal facilities within certain States. However, for purposes of
readability, reference is made to the permits in the singular form such
as ``permit'' or ``CGP'' rather than in plural form.) In the notice of
the proposed permit, EPA explained its view that issuance of an NPDES
general permit is not subject to rulemaking requirements, including the
requirement for a general notice of proposed rulemaking, under APA
section 553 or any other law, and is thus not subject to the RFA
requirement to prepare an IRFA. Nevertheless, in keeping with EPA's
policy to consider the impact of its actions on small entities even
when it is not legally required to do so, the Agency considered the
potential impact of the permit on small entities that would be eligible
for coverage under the permit. EPA concluded that the permit, if issued
as drafted, would not have a significant impact on a substantial number
of small entities. EPA based its conclusion on the fact that the draft
permit was largely the same as the current permit and, to the extent it
differed, provided dischargers with more flexibility than the current
permit allowed.
Some commenters on the proposed CGP disagreed with EPA's
conclusions
[[Page 7899]]
that NPDES general permits are not subject to rulemaking requirements
and that the proposed permit would not have a significant impact on
small entities. They asserted that the CGP is subject to rulemaking
requirements and thus the RFA, and that the Agency should have prepared
an IRFA for the permit.
In light of the comments received, EPA further considered whether
NPDES general permits are subject to rulemaking requirements. The
Agency reviewed its previous NPDES general permitting actions and
related statements in the Federal Register or elsewhere. This review
suggests that the Agency has generally treated NPDES general permits
effectively as rules, though at times it has given contrary indications
as to whether these actions are rules or permits. EPA also reviewed
again the applicable law, including the CWA, relevant CWA case law and
the APA, as well as the Attorney General's Manual on the APA (1947). On
the basis of its review, EPA has concluded, as set forth in the
proposal, that NPDES general permits are permits under the APA and thus
not subject to APA rulemaking requirements or the RFA.
The APA defines two broad, mutually exclusive categories of agency
action--``rules'' and ``orders.'' Its definition of ``rule''
encompasses ``an agency statement of general or particular
applicability and future effect designed to implement, interpret, or
prescribe law or policy or describing the organization, procedure, or
practice requirements of an agency * * *'' APA section 551(4). Its
definition of ``order'' is residual: ``a final disposition * * * of an
agency in a matter other than rule making but including licensing.''
APA section 551(6) (emphasis added). The APA defines ``license'' to
``include * * * an agency permit * * *'' APA section 551(8). The APA
thus categorizes a permit as an order, which by the APA's definition is
not a rule.
Section 553 of the APA establishes ``rule making'' requirements.
The APA defines ``rule making'' as ``the agency process for
formulating, amending, or repealing a rule.'' APA section 551(5). By
its terms, then, section 553 applies only to ``rules'' and not also to
``orders,'' which include permits. As the Attorney General's Manual on
the APA explains, ``the entire Act is based upon a dichotomy between
rule making and adjudication [the agency process for formulation of an
order]'' (p. 14).
The CWA specifies the use of permits for authorizing the discharge
of pollutants to waters of the United States. Section 301(a) of the CWA
prohibits discharges of pollutants ``[except as in compliance with''
specified sections of the CWA, including section 402. 33 U.S.C.
1311(a). Section 402 of the CWA authorizes EPA ``to issue a permit for
the discharge of any pollutant * * *, notwithstanding section [301(a)
of the CWA].'' 33 U.S.C. 1342(a). Thus, the only circumstances in which
a discharge of pollution may be authorized is where the Agency has
issued a permit for the discharge. Courts, recognizing that a permit is
the necessary condition-precedent to any lawful discharge, specifically
suggested the use of area-wide and general permits as a mechanism for
addressing the Agency's need to issue a substantial number of permits.
See NRDC v. Train, 396 F.Supp. 1393, 1402 (D.D.C. 1975); NRDC v.
Costle, 568 F.2d 1369, 1381. (D.C. Cir. 1977). Adopting the courts''
suggestion, EPA has made increasing use of general permits in its CWA
regulatory program, particularly for storm water discharges.
In the Agency's view, the fact that an NPDES general permit may
apply to a large number of different dischargers does not convert it
from a permit into a rule. As noted above, the courts which have faced
the issue of how EPA can permit large numbers of discharges under the
CWA have suggested use of a general permit, not a rule. Under the APA,
the two terms are mutually exclusive. Moreover, an NPDES general permit
retains unique characteristics that distinguish a permit from a rule.
First, today's NPDES general permit for storm water discharges
associated with construction activity is effective only with respect to
those dischargers that choose to be bound by the permit. Thus, unlike
the typical rule, this NPDES general permit does not impose immediately
effective obligations of general applicability. A discharger must
choose to be covered by this general permit and so notify EPA. A
discharger always retains the option of obtaining its own individual
permit. Relatedly, the terms of the NPDES general permit are
enforceable only against dischargers that choose to make use of the
permit. If a source discharges without authorization of a general or an
individual permit, the discharger violates section 301 of the Act for
discharging without a permit, not for violating the terms of an NPDES
general permit.
Because the CWA and its case law make clear that NPDES permits are
the congressionally chosen vehicle for authorizing discharges of
pollutants to waters of the United States, the APA's rulemaking
requirements are inapplicable to issuance of such permits, including
today's general permit. Further, while the CWA requires that NPDES
permits be issued only after an opportunity for a hearing, it does not
require publication of a general notice of proposed rulemaking. Thus,
NPDES permitting is not subject to the requirement to publish a general
notice of proposed rulemaking under the APA or any other law.
Accordingly, it is not subject to the RFA.
At the same time, the Agency recognizes that the question of the
applicability of the APA, and thus the RFA, to the issuance of a
general permit is a difficult one, given the fact that a large number
of dischargers may choose to use the general permit. Indeed, the point
of issuing a general permit is to provide a speedier means of
permitting large number of sources and save dischargers and EPA time
and effort. Since the Agency hopes that many dischargers will make use
of a general permit and since the CWA requires EPA to provide an
opportunity for ``a hearing'' prior to issuance of a permit, EPA
provides the public with notice of a draft general permit and an
opportunity to comment on it. From public comments, EPA learns how to
better craft a general permit to make it appropriate for, and
acceptable to, the largest number of potential permittees. This same
process also provides an opportunity for EPA to consider the potential
impact of general permit terms on small entities and how to craft the
permit to avoid any undue burden on small entities. This process,
however, is voluntary, and does not trigger rulemaking or RFA
requirements.
In the case of the CGP being issued today, the Agency has
considered and addressed the potential impact of the general permit on
small entities in a manner that would meet the requirements of the RFA
if it applied. Specifically, EPA has analyzed the potential impact of
the general permit on small entities and found that it will not have a
significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities.
Like the previous general permit that it replaces (the Baseline
Construction General Permit), the permit will make available to many
small entities, particularly operators of construction sites, a
streamlined process for obtaining authorization to discharge. Of the
possible permitting mechanisms available to dischargers subject to the
CWA, NPDES general permits are designed to reduce the reporting and
monitoring burden associated with NPDES permit authorization,
especially for small entities with discharges having comparatively less
potential for environmental degradation than
[[Page 7900]]
discharges typically regulated under individual NPDES permits. Thus,
general permits like the permit at issue here provide small entities
with a permitting application option that is much less burdensome than
NPDES individual permit applications.
Furthermore, the general permit is virtually identical to its
predecessor, the Baseline Construction General Permit, under which many
construction operators have operated during the past five years.
Moreover, the other new provisions of the permit have been designed to
minimize burdens on small entities, including eliminating the
requirement that construction site operators require that their
contractors and subcontractors sign a standard certification statement
agreeing to abide by storm water pollution prevention plan provisions
developed for a project. In today's general permit, only the
operator(s) of a construction site are required to satisfy
certification requirements under the permit. EPA believes this
modification from the prior permit should reduce any such adverse
economic impacts on both operators and contractors/subcontractors who,
in many instances, are small entities. In view of the foregoing, the
Regional Administrators find that the final general permit, even if it
were a rule, will not have a significant economic impact on a
substantial number of small entities.
EPA is committed to issuing general permits that meet the
substantive and procedural requirements of the statute authorizing the
particular general permit and any other applicable law. The Agency
intends to review its use of general permits across EPA programs to
ensure that its general permits meet all applicable requirements.
Accordingly, I hereby certify pursuant to the provisions of the
Regulatory Flexibility Act, that this permit will not have a
significant impact on a substantial number of small entities.
Authority: Clean Water Act, 33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.
Dated: January 21, 1998.
John DeVillars,
Regional Administrator, Region I.
XIV. Official Signatures
Accordingly, I hereby certify pursuant to the provisions of the
Regulatory Flexibility Act, that this permit will not have a
significant impact on a substantial number of small entities.
Authority: Clean Water Act, 33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.
Dated: January 27, 1998.
Jeanne M. Fox,
Regional Administrator, Region 2.
Accordingly, I hereby certify pursuant to the provisions of the
Regulatory Flexibility Act, that this permit will not have a
significant impact on a substantial number of small entities.
Authority: Clean Water Act, 33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.
W. Michael McCabe,
Acting Regional Administrator, Region III.
Accordingly, I hereby certify pursuant to the provisions of the
Regulatory Flexibility Act, that this permit will not have a
significant impact on a substantial number of small entities.
Authority: Clean Water Act, 33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.
Dated: January 16, 1998.
William W. Rice,
Acting Regional Administrator, Region 7.
Accordingly, I hereby certify pursuant to the provisions of the
Regulatory Flexibility Act, that this permit will not have a
significant impact on a substantial number of small entities.
Authority: Clean Water Act, 33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.
Dated: January 15, 1998.
William P. Yellowtail,
Regional Administrator, Region VIII.
Accordingly, I hereby certify pursuant to the provisions of the
Regulatory Flexibility Act, that this permit will not have a
significant impact on a substantial number of small entities.
Authority: Clean Water Act, 33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.
Dated: January 29, 1998.
Felicia Marcus,
Regional Administrator, Region 9.
Accordingly, I hereby certify pursuant to the provisions of the
Regulatory Flexibility Act, that this permit will not have a
significant impact on a substantial number of small entities.
Authority: Clean Water Act, 33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.
Dated: January 20, 1998.
Chuck Clarke,
Regional Administrator, Region 10.
Storm Water General Permit for Construction Activities
Cover Page
Permit No. [See Part I.A.]
Authorization To Discharge Under the National Pollutant Discharge
Elimination System
In compliance with the provisions of the Clean Water Act, as
amended, (33 U.S.C. 1251 et. seq.), except as provided in Part I.B.3 of
this permit, operators of construction activities located in an area
specified in Part I.A. and who submit a Notice of Intent in accordance
with Part II, are authorized to discharge pollutants to waters of the
United States in accordance with the conditions and requirements set
forth herein.
This permit shall become effective on February 17, 1998.
This permit and the authorization to discharge shall expire at
midnight, February 17, 2003.
Signed and issued this 20th day of January, 1998.
Linda M. Murphy,
Director, Office of Ecosystem Protection.
This signature is for the permit conditions in Parts I through
IX and for any additional conditions in Part X which apply to
facilities located in the corresponding State, Indian Country land,
or other area in Region 1.
Storm Water General Permit for Construction Activities
Cover Page
Permit No. [See Part I.A.]
Authorization To Discharge Under the National Pollutant Discharge
Elimination System
In compliance with the provisions of the Clean Water Act, as
amended, (33 U.S.C. 1251 et. seq.), except as provided in Part I.B.3 of
this permit, operators of construction activities located in an area
specified in Part I.A. and who submit a Notice of Intent in accordance
with Part II, are authorized to discharge pollutants to waters of the
United States in accordance with the conditions and requirements set
forth herein.
This permit shall become effective on February 17, 1998.
This permit and the authorization to discharge shall expire at
midnight, February 17, 2003.
Signed and issued this 22nd day of January, 1998.
Kathleen C. Callahan,
Division of Environmental Planning and Protection Director, Region 2.
This signature is for the permit conditions in Parts I through
IX and for any additional conditions in Part X which apply to
facilities located in the corresponding State, Indian Country land,
or other area in Region 2.
Storm Water General Permit for Construction Activities
Cover Page
Permit No. [See Part I.A.]
Authorization To Discharge Under the National Pollutant Discharge
Elimination System
In compliance with the provisions of the Clean Water Act, as
amended, (33
[[Page 7901]]
U.S.C. 1251 et. seq.), except as provided in Part I.B.3 of this permit,
operators of construction activities located in an area specified in
Part I.A. and who submit a Notice of Intent in accordance with Part II,
are authorized to discharge pollutants to waters of the United States
in accordance with the conditions and requirements set forth herein.
This permit shall become effective on February 17, 1998.
This permit and the authorization to discharge shall expire at
midnight, February 17, 2003.
Signed and issued this 22nd day of January, 1998.
Thomas Maslany,
Water Management Director.
This signature is for the permit conditions in Parts I through
IX and for any additional conditions in Part X which apply to
facilities located in the corresponding State, Indian Country land,
or other area in Region 3.
Storm Water General Permit for Construction Activities
Cover Page
Permit No. [See Part I.A.]
Authorizatin To Discharge Under the National Pollutant Discharge
Elimination System
In compliance with the provisions of the Clean Water Act, as
amended, (33 U.S.C. 1251 et. seq.), except as provided in Part I.B.3 of
this permit, operators of construction activities located in an area
specified in Part I.A. and who submit a Notice of Intent in accordance
with Part II, are authorized to discharge pollutants to waters of the
United States in accordance with the conditions and requirements set
forth herein.
This permit shall become effective on February 17, 1998.
This permit and the authorization to discharge shall expire at
midnight, February 17, 2003.
Signed and issued this 16th day of January, 1998.
U. Gale Hutton,
Director, Water, Wetlands, and Pesticides Division, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Region 7.
This signature is for the permit conditions in Parts I through
IX and for any additional conditions in Part X which apply to
facilities located in the corresponding State, Indian Country land,
or other area in Region 7.
Storm Water General Permit for Construction Activities
Cover Page
Permit No. [See Part I.A.]
Authorizatin To Discharge Under the National Pollutant Discharge
Elimination System
In compliance with the provisions of the Clean Water Act, as
amended, (33 U.S.C. 1251 et. seq.), except as provided in Part I.B.3 of
this permit, operators of construction activities located in an area
specified in Part I.A. and who submit a Notice of Intent in accordance
with Part II, are authorized to discharge pollutants to waters of the
United States in accordance with the conditions and requirements set
forth herein.
This permit shall become effective on February 17, 1998.
This permit and the authorization to discharge shall expire at
midnight, February 17, 2003.
Signed and issued this 15th day of January, 1998.
Kerrigan G. Clough,
Assistant Regional Administrator, Office of Pollution Prevention, State
and Tribal Assistance.
This signature is for the permit conditions in Parts I through
IX and for any additional conditions in Part X which apply to
facilities located in the corresponding State, Indian Country land,
or other area in Region 8.
Storm Water General Permit for Construction Activities
Cover Page
Permit No. [See Part I.A.]
Authorizatin To Discharge Under the National Pollutant Discharge
Elimination System
In compliance with the provisions of the Clean Water Act, as
amended, (33 U.S.C. 1251 et. seq.), except as provided in Part I.B.3 of
this permit, operators of construction activities located in an area
specified in Part I.A. and who submit a Notice of Intent in accordance
with Part II, are authorized to discharge pollutants to waters of the
United States in accordance with the conditions and requirements set
forth herein.
This permit shall become effective on February 17, 1998.
This permit and the authorization to discharge shall expire at
midnight, February 17, 2003.
Signed and issued this 29th day of January, 1998.
Alexis Strauss,
Acting Director, Water Division, Region 9.
This signature is for the permit conditions in Parts I through
IX and for any additional conditions in Part X which apply to
facilities located in the corresponding State, Indian Country land,
or other area in Region 9.
Storm Water General Permit for Construction Activities
Cover Page
Permit No. [See part I.A.]
Authorization to Discharge Under the National Pollutant Discharge
Elimination System
In accordance with the provisions of the Clean Water Act, as
amended, (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.), except as provided in Part I.B.3 of
this permit, operators of construction activities located in an area
specified in Part I.A. and who submit a Notice of Intent in accordance
with Part II, are authorized to discharge pollutants to waters of the
United States in accordance with the conditions and requirements set
forth herein.
This permit shall become effective on February 17, 1998.
This permit and the authorization to discharge shall expire at
midnight, February 17, 2003.
Signed and issued this 20th day of January, 1998.
Philip G. Millam,
Director, Office of Water, Region 10.
This signature is for the permit conditions in Parts I through
IX and for any additional conditions in Part X which apply to
facilities located in the corresponding State, Indian Country land,
or other area in Region 10.
NPDES General Permits for Storm Water Discharges From Construction
Activities
Table of Contents
Part I. Coverage Under this Permit
A. Permit Area
B. Eligibility
C. Obtaining Authorization
D. Terminating Coverage
Part II. Notice of Intent Requirements
A. Deadlines for Notification
B. Contents of Notice of Intent
C. Where to Submit
Part III. Special Conditions, Management Practices, and Other Non-
Numeric Limitations
A. Prohibition on Non-Storm Water Discharges
B. Releases in Excess of Reportable Quantities
C. Spills
D. Discharge Compliance with Water Quality Standards
E. Responsibilities of Operators
Part IV. Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plans
A. Deadlines for Plan Preparation and Compliance
B. Signature, Plan Review and Making Plans Available
C. Keeping Plans Current
D. Contents of Plan
[[Page 7902]]
Part V. Retention of Records
A. Documents
B. Accessibility
C. Addresses
Part VI. Standard Permit Conditions
A. Duty to Comply
B. Continuation of the Expired General Permit
C. Need to Halt or Reduce Activity not a Defense
D. Duty to Mitigate
E. Duty to Provide Information
F. Other Information
G. Signatory Requirements
H. Penalties for Falsification of Reports
I. Oil and Hazardous Substance Liability
J. Property Rights
K. Severability
L. Requiring an Individual Permit or an Alternative General Permit
M. State/Tribal Environmental Laws
N. Proper Operation and Maintenance
O. Inspection and Entry
P. Permit Actions
Part VII. Reopener Clause
Part VIII. Termination of Coverage
A. Notice of Termination
B. Addresses
Part IX. Definitions
Part X. Permit Conditions Applicable to Specific States, Indian Country
Lands, or Territories
Addenda
A. Endangered Species
B. Historic Properties (Reserved)
C. Notice of Intent (NOI) Form
D. Notice of Termination (NOT) Form
Part I. Coverage Under This Permit
A. Permit Area
The permit language is structured as if it were a single permit,
with State, Indian Country land, or other area-specific conditions
specified in Part X. Permit coverage is actually provided by legally
separate and distinctly numbered permits covering each of the following
areas:
Region 1
CTR10*##I: Indian Country lands in the State of Connecticut.
MAR10*###: Commonwealth of Massachusetts, except Indian Country
lands.
MAR10*##I: Indian Country lands in the Commonwealth of
Massachusetts.
MER10*###: State of Maine, except Indian Country lands.
MER10*##I: Indian Country lands in the State Maine.
NHR10*###: State of New Hampshire.
RIR10*##I: Indian Country lands in the State of Rhode Island.
VTR10*##F: Federal Facilities in the State of Vermont.
Region 2
NYR10*##I: Indian Country lands in the State of New York.
PRR10*###: The Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.
Region 3
DCR10*###: The District of Columbia.
DER10*##F: Federal Facilities in the State of Delaware.
Region 4
Coverate Not Available. Construction activities in Region 4 must
obtain permit coverage under an alternative general permit.
Region 5
Coverage Not Available.
Region 6
Coverage Not Available.
Region 7
IAR10*##I: Indian Country lands in the State of Iowa.
KSR10*##I: Indian Country lands in the State of Kansas.
NER10*##I: Indian Country lands in the State of Nebraska, except
Pine Ridge Reservation lands (see Region 8).
Region 8
COR10*##F: Federal Facilities in the State of Colorado, except
those located on Indian Country lands.
COR10*##I: Indian Country lands in the State of Colorado, including
the portion of the Ute Mountain Reservation located in New Mexico.
MTR10*##I: Indian Country lands in the State of Montana.
NDR10*##I: Indian Country lands in the State of North Dakota,
including that portion of the Standing Rock Reservation located in
South Dakota (except for the Lake Traverse Reservation which is covered
under South Dakota permit SDR10*##I listed below).
SDR10*##I: Indian Country lands in the State of South Dakota,
including the portion of the Pine Ridge Reservation located in Nebraska
and the portion of the Lake Traverse Reservation located in North
Dakota (except for the Standing Rock Reservation which is covered under
North Dakota permit NDR10*##I listed above).
UTR10*##I: Indian Country lands in the State of Utah, except
Goshute and Navajo Reservation lands (see Region 9).
WYR10*##I: Indian Country lands in the State of Wyoming.
Region 9
ASR10*###: The Island of American Samoa.
AZR10*###: The State of Arizona, except Indian Country lands.
AZR10*##I: Indian Country lands in the State of Arizona, including
Navajo Reservation lands in New Mexico and Utah.
CAR10*##I: Indian Country lands in the State of California.
GUR10*###: The Island of Guam.
JAR10*###: Johnston Atoll.
MWR10*###: Midway Island and Wake Island.
NIR10*###: Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.
NVR10*##I: Indian Country lands in the State of Nevada, including
the Duck Valley Reservation in Idaho, the Fort McDermitt Reservation in
Oregon and the Goshute Reservation in Utah.
Region 10
AKR10*###: The State of Alaska, except Indian Country lands.
AKR10*##I: Indian Country lands in Alaska.
IDR10*###: The State of Idaho, except Indian Country lands.
IDR10*##I: Indian Country lands in the State of Idaho, except Duck
Valley Reservation lands (see Region 9).
ORR10*##I: Indian Country lands in the State of Oregon except Fort
McDermitt Reservation lands (see Region 9).
WAR10*##F: Federal Facilities in the State of Washington, except
those located on Indian Country lands.
WAR10*##I: Indian Country lands in the State of Washington.
B. Eligibility
1. Permittees are authorized to discharge pollutants in storm water
runoff associated with construction activities as defined in 40 CFR
122.26(b)(14)(x) and those construction site discharges designated by
the Director as needing a storm water permit under 122.26(a)(1)(v) or
under 122.26(a)(9) and 122.26(g)(1)(i). Discharges identified under
Part I.B.3 are excluded from coverage. Any discharge authorized by a
different NPDES permit may be commingled with discharges authorized by
this permit.
2. This permit also authorizes storm water discharges from support
activities (e.g., concrete or asphalt batch plants, equipment staging
yards, material storage areas, excavated material disposal areas,
borrow areas) provided:
a. The support activity is directly related to a construction site
that is required to have NPDES permit coverage for discharges of storm
water associated with construction activity;
b. The support activity is not a commercial operation serving
multiple unrelated construction projects by different operators, and
does not operate beyond the completion of the
[[Page 7903]]
construction activity at the last construction project it supports; and
c. Appropriate controls and measures are identified in a storm
water pollution prevention plan covering the discharges from the
support activity areas.
3. Limitations on Coverage. A. Post Construction Discharges. This
permit does not authorize storm water discharges that originate from
the site after construction activities have been completed and the
site, including any temporary support activity site, has undergone
final stabilization. Industrial post-construction storm water
discharges may need to be covered by a separate NPDES permit.
B. Discharges Mixed With Non-Storm Water. This permit does not
authorize discharges that are mixed with sources of non-storm water,
other than those discharges which are identified in Part II.A.2. or 3.
(exceptions to prohibition on non-storm water discharges) and are in
compliance with Part IV.D.5 (non-storm water discharges).
C. Discharges Covered by Another Permit. This permit does not
authorize storm water discharges associated with construction activity
that have been covered under an individual permit or required to obtain
coverage under an alternative general permit in accordance with Part
VI.L.
d. Discharges Threatening Water Quality. This permit does not
authorize storm water discharges from construction sites that the
Director (EPA) determines will cause, or have reasonable potential to
cause or contribute to, violations of water quality standards. Where
such determinations have been made, the Director may notify the
operator(s) that an individual permit application is necessary in
accordance with Part VI.L. However, the Director may authorize coverage
under this permit after appropriate controls and implementation
procedures designed to bring the discharges into compliance with water
quality standards has been included in the storm water pollution
prevention plan;
e. Storm water discharges and storm water discharge-related
activities that are not protective of Federally listed endangered and
threatened (``listed'') species or designated critical habitat
(``critical habitat'').
(1) For the purposes of complying with the Part I.B.3.e.
eligibility requirements, ``storm water discharge-related activities''
include:
(a) Activities which cause, contribute to, or result in point
source storm water pollutant discharges, including but not limited to:
excavation, site development, grading and other surface disturbance
activities; and
(b) Measures to control storm water including the siting,
construction and operation of best management practices (BMPs) to
control, reduce or prevent storm water pollution.
(2) Coverage under this permit is available only if the applicant
certifies that it meets at least one of the criteria in paragraphs (a)-
(d) below. Failure to continue to meet one of these criteria during the
term of the permit will render a permittee ineligible for coverage
under this permit.
(a) The storm water discharges and storm water discharge-related
activities are not likely to adversely affect listed species or
critical habitat; or
(b) Formal or informal consultation with the Fish and Wildlife
Service and/or the National Marine Fisheries Service (the ``Services'')
under section 7 of the Endangered Species Act (ESA) has been concluded
which addresses the effects of the applicant's storm water discharges
and storm water discharge-related activities on listed species and
critical habitat and the consultation results in either a no jeopardy
opinion or a written concurrence by the Service(s) on a finding that
the applicant's storm water discharges and storm water discharge-
related activities are not likely to adversely affect listed species or
critical habitat. A section 7 consultation may occur in the context of
another Federal action (e.g., a ESA section 7 consultation was
performed for issuance of a wetlands dredge and fill permit for the
project, or as part of a National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)
review); or
(c) The applicant's construction activities are authorized under
section 10 of the ESA and that authorization addresses the effects of
the applicant's storm water discharges and storm water discharge-
related activities on listed species and critical habitat; or
(d) The applicant's storm water discharges and storm water
discharge-related activities were already addressed in another
operator's certification of eligibility under Part I.B.3.e.(2)(a), (b),
or (c) which included the applicant's project area. By certifying
eligibility under Part I.B.3.e.(2)(d), the applicant agrees to comply
with any measures or controls upon which the other operator's
certification under Part I.B.3.e.(2)(a), (b) or (c) was based.
(3) All applicants must follow the procedures provided at Addendum
A of this permit when applying for permit coverage.
(4) The applicant must comply with any applicable terms, conditions
or other requirements developed in the process of meeting eligibility
requirements of Part I.B.3.e.(2)(a), (b), (c), or (d) above to remain
eligible for coverage under this permit. Such terms and conditions must
be incorporated in the applicant's storm water pollution prevention
plan.
(5) Applicants who choose to conduct informal consultation to meet
the eligibility requirements of Part I.B.3.e.(2)(b) are automatically
designated as non-Federal representatives under this permit. See 50 CFR
402.08. Applicants who choose to conduct informal consultation as a
non-Federal representatives must notify EPA and the appropriate Service
office in writing of that decision.
(6) This permit does not authorize any storm water discharges where
the discharges or storm water discharge-related activities cause
prohibited ``take'' (as defined under section 3 of the Endangered
Species Act and 50 CFR 17.3) of endangered or threatened species unless
such takes are authorized under section 7 or 10 of the Endangered
Species Act.
(7) This permit does not authorize any storm water discharges where
the discharges or storm water discharge-related activities are likely
to jeopardize the continued existence of any species that are listed or
proposed to be listed as endangered or threatened under the ESA or
result in the adverse modification or destruction of habitat that is
designated or proposed to be designated as critical under the ESA.
f. Storm Water Discharges and Storm Water Discharge-Related
Activities with Unconsidered Adverse Effects on Historic Properties.
(Reserved)
C. Obtaining Authorization
1. In order for storm water discharges from construction activities
to be authorized under this general permit, an operator must:
a. Meet the Part I.B. eligibility requirements;
b. Except as provided in Parts II.A.5 and II.A.6, develop a storm
water pollution prevention plan (SWPPP) covering either the entire site
or all portions of the site for which they are operators (see
definition in Part IX.N) according to the requirements in Part IV. A
``joint'' SWPPP may be developed and implemented as a cooperative
effort where there is more than one operator at a site; and
c. Submit a Notice of Intent (NOI) in accordance with the
requirements of Part II, using an NOI form provided by the Director (or
a photocopy thereof). Only one NOI need be submitted to cover all of
the permittee's activities on the common plan of development or sale
(e.g., you do not need to submit a separate NOI for each separate lot
in a
[[Page 7904]]
residential subdivision or for two separate buildings being constructed
at a manufacturing facility, provided your SWPPP covers each area for
which you are an operator). The SWPPP must be implemented upon
commencement of construction activities.
2. Any new operator on site, including those who replace an
operator who has previously obtained permit coverage, must submit an
NOI to obtain permit coverage.
3. Unless notified by the Director to the contrary, operators who
submit a correctly completed NOI in accordance with the requirements of
this permit are authorized to discharge storm water from construction
activities under the terms and conditions of this permit two (2) days
after the date that the NOI is postmarked. The Director may deny
coverage under this permit and require submittal of an application for
an individual NPDES permit based on a review of the NOI or other
information (see Part VI.L).
D. Terminating Coverage
1. Permittees wishing to terminate coverage under this permit must
submit a Notice of Termination (NOT) in accordance with part VIII of
this permit. Compliance with this permit is required until an NOT is
submitted. The permittee's authorization to discharge under this permit
terminates at midnight of the day the NOT is signed.
2. All permittees must submit an NOT within thirty (30) days after
one or more of the following conditions have been met:
a. Final stabilization (see definition Part IX.I) has been achieved
on all portions of the site for which the permittee is responsible
(including if applicable, returning agricultural land to its pre-
construction agricultural use);
b. Another operator/permittee has assumed control according to Part
VI.G.2.c. over all areas of the site that have not been finally
stabilized; or
c. For residential construction only, temporary stabilization has
been completed and the residence has been transferred to the homeowner.
Enforcement actions may be taken if a permittee submits an NOT
without meeting one or more of these conditions.
Part II. Notice of Intent Requirements
A. Deadlines for Notification
1. Except as provided in Part II.A.3, II.A.4, II.A.5 or II.A.6
below, parties defined as operators (see definition in Part IX.N) due
to their operational control over construction plans and
specifications, including the ability to make modifications to those
plans and specifications, must submit a Notice of Intent (NOI) in
accordance with the requirements of this Part at least two (2) days
prior to the commencement of construction activities (i.e., the initial
disturbance of soils associated with clearing, grading, excavation
activities, or other construction activities).
2. Except as provided in parts II.A.3, II.A.4, II.A.5 of II.A.6
below, parties defined as operators (see definition in Part IX.N) due
to their day-to-day operational control over activities at a project
which are necessary to ensure compliance with a storm water pollution
prevention plan or other permit conditions (e.g., general contractor,
erosion control contractor) must submit an NOI at least two (2) days
prior to commencing work on-site.
3. For storm water discharges from construction projects where the
operator changes, including instances where an operator is added after
an NOI has been submitted under Parts II.A.1 or II. A.2, the new
operator must submit an NOI at least two (2) days before assuming
operational control over site specifications or commencing work on-
site.
4. Operators are not prohibited from submitting late NOIs. When a
late NOI is submitted, authorization is only for discharges that occur
after permit coverage is granted. The Agency reserves the right to take
appropriate enforcement for any unpermitted activities that may have
occurred between the time construction commenced and authorization of
future discharges is granted (typically 2 days after a complete NOI is
submitted).
5. Operators of on-going construction projects as of the effective
date of this permit which received authorization to discharge for these
projects under the 1992 baseline construction general permit must:
a. Submit a NOI according to Part II.B. within 90 days of the
effective date of this permit. If the permittee is eligible to submit a
Notice of Termination (e.g., construction is finished and final
stabilization has been achieved) before the 90th day, a new NOI is not
required to be submitted;
b. For the first 90 days from the effective date of this permit,
comply with the terms and conditions of the 1992 baseline construction
general permit they were previously authorized under; and
c. Update their storm water pollution prevention plan to comply
with the requirements of Part IV within 90 days after the effective
date of this permit.
6. Operators of on-going construction projects as of the effective
date of this permit which did not receive authorization to discharge
for these projects under the 1992 baseline construction general permit
must:
a. Prepare and comply with an interim storm water pollution
prevention plan in accordance with the 1992 baseline construction
general permit prior to submitting an NOI;
b. Submit a NOI according to Part II.B; and
c. Update their storm water pollution prevention plan to comply
with the requirements of Part IV within 90 days after the effective
date of this permit.
B. Contents of Notice of Intent (NOI)
1. Interim Use of Existing NOI Form
Until the revised NOI form is published as final in the Federal
Register, operators must use EPA's existing NOI form [EPA Form 3510-6
(8-98)] to apply for permit coverage.
Note: The revised NOI form is pending approval by the U.S.
Office of Management and Budget as of the effective date of this
permit.
When using the existing NOI form, operators should only submit
information that was required for parties under the baseline
construction general permit. However, by completing and signing the
existing NOI form to obtain permit coverage, operators are certifying
that they meet all applicable eligibility requirements of Part I.B of
today's permit and an informing the Director of their intent to be
covered by, and comply with, the terms and conditions of this permit.
When the revised NOI form is available (through final publication in
the Federal Register), the existing NOI form will no longer be accepted
for permit coverage.
2. Use of Revised NOI Form
The revised NOI form shall be signed in accordance with Part VI.G
of this permit and shall include the following information:
a. The name, address, and telephone number of the operator filing
the NOI for permit coverage;
b. An indication of whether the operator is a Federal, State,
Tribal, private, or other public entity;
c. The name (or other identifier), address, county, and latitude/
longitude of the construction project or site;
d. An indication of whether the project or site is located on
Indian Country lands;
e. Confirmation that a storm water pollution prevention plan
(SWPPP) has been developed or will be developed prior to commencing
construction activities, and that the SWPPP will be compliant with any
applicable local
[[Page 7905]]
sediment and erosion control plans. Copies of SWPPPs or permits should
not be included with the NOI submission;
f. Optional information: the location where the SWPPP may be viewed
and the name and telephone number of a contact person for scheduling
viewing times;
g. The name of the receiving water(s);
h. Estimates of project start and completion dates, and estimates
of the number of acres of the site on which soil will be distributed
(if less than 1 acre, enter ``1'');
i. Based on the instructions in Addendum A, whether any listed or
proposed threatened or endangered species, or designated critical
habitat, are in proximity to the storm water discharges or storm water
discharge-related activities to be covered by this permit;
j. Under which section(s) of Part I.B.3.e (Endangered Species) the
applicant is certifying eligibility; and
Note that as of the effective date of this permit, reporting of
information relating to the preservation of historic properties has
been reserved and is not required at this time. Such reservation in no
way relieves applicants or permittees from any otherwise applicable
obligations or liabilities related to historic preservation under
State, Tribal or local law. After further discussions between EPA and
the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation, the Agency may modify
the permit. Any such modification may affect future Notice of Intent
reporting requirements.
C. Where To Submit
1. NOIs must be signed in accordance with Part VI.G. and sent to
the following address: Storm Water Notice of Intent (4203), US EPA, 401
M. Street, SW, Washington, D.C. 20460.
Part III. Special Conditions, Management Practices, and Other Non-
Numeric Limitations
A. Prohibition Non-Storm Water Discharges
1. Except as provided in Parts I.B.2 or 3 and III.A.2 or 3, all
discharges covered by this permit shall be composed entirely of storm
water associated with construction activity.
2. Discharges of material other than storm water that are in
compliance with an NPDES permit (other than this permit) issued for
that discharge may be discharged or mixed with discharges authorized by
this permit.
3. The following non-storm water discharges from active
construction sites are authorized by this permit provided the non-storm
water component of the discharge is in compliance with Part IV.D.5
(non-storm water discharges): discharges from fire fighting activities;
fire hydrant flushings; waters used to wash vehicles where detergents
are not used; water used to control dust in accordance with Part
IV.D.2.c.(2); potable water sources including waterline flushings;
routine external building wash down which does not use detergents;
pavement washwaters where spills or leaks of toxic or hazardous
materials have not occurred (unless all spilled material has been
removed) and where detergents are not used; air conditioning
concentrate; uncontaminated ground water or spring water; and
foundation or footing drains where flows are not contaminated with
process materials such as solvents.
B. Releases in Excess of Reportable Quantities
The discharge of hazardous substances or oil in the storm water
discharge(s) from a facility shall be prevented or minimized in
accordance with the applicable storm water pollution prevention plan
for the facility. This permit does not relieve the permittee of the
reporting requirements of 40 CFR 110, 40 CFR 117 and 40 CFR 302. Where
a release containing a hazardous substance or oil in an amount equal to
or in excess of a reportable quality established under either 40 CFR
110, 40 CFR 117 or 40 CFR 302, occurs during a 24 hour period.
1. The permittee is required to notify the National Response Center
(NRC) (800-424-8802; in the Washington, DC, metropolitan area call 202-
426-2675) in accordance with the requirements of 40 CFR 110, 40 CFR 117
and 40 CFR 302 as soon as he or she has knowledge of the discharge;
2. The storm water pollution prevention plan required under Part IV
of this permit must be modified within 14 calendar days of knowledge of
the release to: provide a description of the release, the circumstances
leading to the release, and the date of the release. In addition, the
plan must be reviewed to identify measures to prevent the reoccurrence
of such releases and to respond to such releases, and the plan must be
modified where appropriate.
C. Spills
This permit does not authorize the discharge of hazardous
substances or oil resulting from an on-site spill.
D. Discharge Compliance With Water Quality Standards
Operators seeking coverage under this permit shall not be causing
or have the reasonable potential to cause or contribute to a violation
of a water quality standard. Where a discharge is already authorized
under this permit and is later determined to cause or have the
reasonable potential to cause or contribute to the violation of an
applicable water quality standard, the Director will notify the
operator of such violation(s). The permittee shall take all necessary
actions to ensure future discharges do not cause or contribute to the
violation of a water quality standard and document these actions in the
storm water pollution prevention plan. If violations remain or re-
occur, then coverage under this permit may be terminated by the
Director, and an alternative general permit or individual permit may be
issued. Compliance with this requirement does not preclude any
enforcement activity as provided by the Clean Water Act for the
underlying violation.
E. Responsibilities of Operators
Permittees may meet one or both of the operational control
components in the definition of ``operator'' found in Part IX.N. Either
Parts III.E.1 or III.E.2 or both will apply depending on the type of
operational control exerted by an individual permittee. Part III.E.3
applies to all permittees.
1. Permittees with operational control over construction plans and
specifications, including the ability to make modifications to those
plans and specifications (e.g., developer or owner), must:
a. Ensure the project specifications that they develop meet the
minimum requirements of Part IV (Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plans
(SWPPP)) and all other applicable conditions;
b. Ensure that the SWPPP indicates the areas of the project where
they have operational control over project specifications (including
the ability to make modifications in specifications), and ensure all
other permittees implementing portions of the SWPPP impacted by any
changes they make to the plan are notified of such modifications in a
timely manner; and
c. Ensure that the SWPPP for portions of the project where they are
operators indicates the name and NPDES permit number for parties with
day-to-day operational control of those activities necessary to ensure
compliance with the SWPPP or other permit conditions. If these parties
have not been identified at the time the SWPPP is initially developed,
the permittee with operational control over project specifications
shall be considered to be the responsible party until such time as the
authority is transferred to another party (e.g., general contractor)
and the plan updated.
[[Page 7906]]
2. Permittee(s) with day-to-day operational control of those
activities at a project which are necessary to ensure compliance with a
SWPPP for the site or other permit conditions (e.g, general contractor)
must:
a. Ensure that the SWPPP for portions of the project where they are
operators meets the minimum requirements of Part IV (Storm Water
Pollution Plan) and identifies the parties responsible for
implementation of control measures identified in the plan;
b. Ensure that the SWPPP indicates areas of the project where they
have operational control over day-to-day activities;
c. Ensure that the SWPPP for portions of the project where they are
operators indicates the name and NPDES permit number of the party(ies)
with operational control over project specifications (including the
ability to make modifications in specifications).
3. Permittees with operational control over only a portion of a
larger construction project (e.g., one of four homebuilders in a
subdivision) are responsible for compliance with all applicable terms
and conditions of this permit as it relates to their activities on
their portion of the construction site, including protection of
endangered species and implementation of BMPs and other controls
required by the SWPPP. Permittees shall ensure either directly or
through coordination with other permittees, that their activities do
not render another party's pollution control ineffective. Permittees
must either implement their portions of a common SWPPP or develop and
implement their own SWPPP.
Part IV. Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plans
At least one storm water pollution prevention plan (SWPPP) shall be
developed for each construction project or site covered by this permit.
For more effective coordination of BMPs and opportunities for cost
sharing, a cooperative effort by the different operators at a site to
prepare and participate in a comprehensive SWPPP is encouraged.
Individual operators at a site may, but are not required, to develop
separate SWPPPs that cover only their portion of the project provided
reference is made to other operators at the site. In instances where
there is more than one SWPPP for a site, coordination must be conducted
between the permittees to ensure the storm water discharge controls and
other measures are consistent with one another (e.g., provisions to
protect listed species and critical habitat).
Storm water pollution prevention plans shall be prepared in
accordance with good engineering practices. The SWPPP shall identify
potential sources of pollution which may reasonably be expected to
affect the quality of storm water discharges from the construction
site. The SWPPP shall describe and ensure the implementation of
practices which will be used to reduce the pollutants in storm water
discharges associated with construction activity at the construction
site and assure compliance with the terms and conditions of this
permit.
When developing SWPPPs, applicants must follow the procedures in
Addendum A of this permit to determine whether listed endangered or
threatened species or critical habitat would be affected by the
applicant's storm water discharges or storm water discharge-related
activities. Any information on whether listed species or critical
habitat are found in proximity to the construction site must be
included in the SWPPP. Any terms or conditions that are imposed under
the eligibility requirements of Part I.B.3.e and Addendum A of this
permit to protect listed species or critical habitat from storm water
discharges or storm water discharge-related activity must be
incorporated into the SWPPP. Permittees must implement the applicable
provisions of the SWPPP required under this part as a condition of this
permit.
A. Deadlines for Pan Preparation and Compliance
The storm water pollution prevention plan shall:
1. Be completed prior to the submittal of an NOI to be covered
under this permit (except as provided in Parts II.A.5 and II.A.6)
updated as appropriate; and
2. Provide for compliance with the terms and schedule of the SWPPP
beginning with the initiation of construction activities.
B. Signature, Plan Review and Making Plans Available
1. The SWPPP shall be signed in accordance with Part VI.G, and be
retained on-site at the facility which generates the storm water
discharge in accordance with Part V (Retention of Records) or this
permit.
2. The permittee shall post a notice near the main entrance of the
construction site with the following information:
a. The NPDES permit number for the project or a copy of the NOI if
a permit number has not yet been assigned;
b. The name and telephone number of a local contact person;
c. A brief description of the project; and
d. The location of the SWPPP if the site is inactive or does not
have an on-site location to store the plan.
If posting this information near a main entrance is infeasible due
to safety concerns, the notice shall be posted in a local public
building. If the construction project is a linear construction project
(e.g., pipeline, highway, etc.), the notice must be placed in a
publicly accessible location near where construction is actively
underway and moved as necessary. This permit does not provide the
public with any right to trespass on a construction site for any
reason, including inspection of a site; not does this permit require
that permittees allow members of the public access to a construction
site.
3. The permittee shall make SWPPPs available upon request to the
Director, a State, Tribal or local agency approving sediment and
erosion plans, grading plans, or storm water management plans, local
government officials; or the operator of a municipal separate storm
sewer receiving discharges from the site. The copy of the SWPPP that is
required to be kept on-site or locally available must be made available
to the Director for review at the time of an on-site inspection. Also,
in the interest of public involvement, EPA encourages permittees to
make their SWPPPs available to the public for viewing during normal
business hours.
4. The Director may notify the permittee at any time that the SWPPP
does not meet one or more of the minimum requirements of this Part.
Such notification shall identify those provision of this permit which
are not being met by the SWPPP as well as those requiring modification
in order to meet the minimum requirements of this Part. Within seven
(7) calendar days of receipt of such notification from the Director (or
as otherwise provided by the Director), the permittee shall make the
required changes to the SWPPP and shall submit to the Director a
written certification that the requested changes have been made. The
Director may take appropriate enforcement action for the period of time
the permittee was operating under a plan that did not meet the minimum
requirements of this permit.
C. Keeping Plans Current
The permittee must amend the storm water pollution prevention plan
whenever:
1. There is a change in design, construction, operation, or
maintenance
[[Page 7907]]
which has a significant effect on the discharge of pollutants to the
waters of the United States which has not been addressed in the SWPPP;
or
2. Inspections or investigations by site operators, local, State,
Tribal or Federal officials indicate the SWPPP is proving ineffective
in eliminating or significantly minimizing pollutants from sources
identified under Part IV.D.1 of this permit, or is otherwise not
achieving the general objectives of controlling pollutants in storm
water discharges associated with construction activity.
D. Contents of Plan
The storm water pollution prevention plan (SWPPP) shall include the
following items:
1. Site Description
Each SWPPP shall provide a description of potential pollutant
sources and other information as indicated below:
a. A description of the nature of the construction activity;
b. A description of the intended sequence of major activities which
disturb soils for major portions of the site (e.g., grubbing,
excavation, grading, utilities and infrastructure installation);
c. Estimates of the total area of the site and the total area of
the site that is expected to be disturbed by excavation, grading, or
other activities including off-site borrow and fill areas;
d. An estimate of the runoff coefficient of the site for both the
pre-construction and post-construction conditions and data describing
the soil or the quality of any discharge from the site;
e. A general location map (e.g., a portion of a city or county map)
and a site map indicating the following: Drainage patterns and
approximate slopes anticipated after major grading activities; areas of
soil disturbance; areas which will not be disturbed; locations of major
structural and nonstructural controls identified in the SWPPP;
locations where stabilization practices are expected to occur;
locations of off-site material, waste, borrow or equipment storage
areas; surface waters (including wetlands); and locations where storm
water discharges to a surface water;
f. Location and description of any discharge associated with
industrial activity other than construction, including storm water
discharges from dedicated asphalt plants and dedicated concrete plants,
which is covered by this permit;
g. The name of the receiving water(s) and the areal extent and
description of wetlands or other special aquatic sites (as described
under 40 CFR 230.3(q-1)) at or near the site which will be disturbed or
which will receive discharges from disturbed areas of the project;
h. A copy of the permit requirements (attaching a copy of this
permit is acceptable); and
i. Information on whether listed endangered or threatened species,
or critical habitat, are found in proximity to the construction
activity and whether such species may be affected by the applicant's
storm water discharges or storm water discharge-related activities.
2. Controls
Each SWPPP shall include a description of appropriate control
measures (i.e., BMPs) that will be implemented as part of the
construction activity to control pollutants in storm water discharges.
The SWPPP must clearly describe for each major activity identified in
Part IV.D.1.b: (a) Appropriate control measures and the general timing
(or sequence) during the construction process that the measures will be
implemented; and (b) which permittee is responsible for implementation
(e.g., perimeter controls for one portion of the site will be installed
by Contractor A after the clearing and grubbing necessary for
installation of the measure, but before the clearing and grubbing for
the remaining portions of the site; and perimeter controls will be
actively maintained by Contractor B until final stabilization of those
portions of the site up-gradient of the perimeter control; and
temporary perimeter controls will be removed by the owner after final
stabilization). The description and implementation of control measures
shall address the following minimum components;
a. Erosion and Sediment Controls. (1) Short and Long Term Goals and
Criteria. (a) The construction-phase erosion and sediment controls
should be designed to retain sediment on site to the extent
practicable.
(b) All control measures must be properly selected, installed, and
maintained in accordance with the manufacturers specifications and good
engineering practices. If periodic inspections or other information
indicates a control has been used inappropriately, or incorrectly, the
permittee must replace or modify the control for site situations.
(c) If sediment escapes the construction site, off-site
accumulations of sediment must be removed at a frequency sufficient to
minimize offsite (e.g., fugitive sediment in street could be washed
into storm sewers by the next rain and/or pose a safety hazard to users
of public streets).
(d) Sediment must be removed from sediment traps or sedimentation
ponds when design capacity has been reduced by 50%.
(e) Litter, construction debris, and construction chemicals exposed
to storm water shall be prevented from becoming a pollutant source for
storm water discharges (e.g., screening outfalls, picked up daily).
(f) Offsite material storage areas (also including overburden and
stockpiles of dirt, borrow areas, etc.) used solely by the permitted
project are considered a part of the project and shall be addressed in
the SWPPP.
(2) Stabilization Practices. The SWPPP must include a description
of interim and permanent stabilization practices for the site,
including a schedule of when the practices will be implemented. Site
plans should ensure that existing vegetation is preserved where
attainable and that disturbed portions of the site are stabilized.
Stabilization practices may include but are not limited to:
establishment of temporary vegetation, establishment of permanent
vegetation, mulching, geotextiles, sod stabilization, vegetative buffer
strips, protection of trees, preservation of mature vegetation, and
other appropriate measures. Use of impervious surfaces for
stabilization should be avoided.
The following records shall be maintained and attached to the
SWPPP: the dates when major grading activities occur; the dates when
construction activities temporarily or permanently cease on a portion
of the site; and the dates when stabilization measures are initiated.
Except as provided in Parts IV.D.2.a.(2)(a), (b), and (c) below,
stabilization measures shall be initiated as soon as practicable in
portions of the site where construction activities have temporarily or
permanently ceased, but in no case more than 14 days after the
construction activity in that portion of the site has temporarily or
permanently ceased.
(a) Where the initiation of stabilization measures by the 14th day
after construction activity temporary or permanently ceased is
precluded by snow cover or frozen ground conditions, stabilization
measures shall be initiated as soon as practicable.
(b) Where construction activity on a portion of the site is
temporarily ceased, and earth disturbing activities will be resumed
within 21 days, temporary stabilization measures do not have to be
initiated on that portion of site.
[[Page 7908]]
(c) In arid areas (areas with an average rainfall of 0 to 10
inches), semiarid areas (areas with an average annual rainfall of 10 to
20 inches), and areas experiencing droughts where the initiation of
stabilization measures by the 14th day after construction activity has
temporarily or permanently ceased is precluded by seasonably arid
conditions, stabilization measures shall be initiated as soon as
practicable.
(3) Structural Practices. The SWPPP must include a description of
structural practices to divert flows from exposed soils, store flows or
otherwise limit runoff and the discharge of pollutants from exposed
areas of the site to the degree attainable. Structural practices may
include but are not limited to: silt fences, earth dikes, drainage
swales, sediment traps, check dams, subsurface drains, pipe slope
drains, level spreaders, storm drain inlet protection, rock outlet
protection, reinforced soil retaining systems, gabions, and temporary
or permanent sediment basins. Placement of structural practices in
floodplains should be avoided to the degree attainable. The
installation of these devices may be subject to section 404 of the CWA.
(a) For common drainage locations that serve an area with ten (10)
or more acres disturbed at one time, a temporary (or permanent)
sediment basin that provides storage for a calculated volume of runoff
from a 2 year, 24 hour storm from each disturbed acre drained, or
equivalent control measures, shall be provided where attainable until
final stabilization of the site. Where no such calculation has been
performed, a temporary (or permanent) sediment basin providing 3,600
cubic feet of storage per acre drained, or equivalent control measures,
shall be provided where attainable until final stabilization of the
site. When computing the number of acres draining into a common
location it is not necessary to include flows from offsite areas and
flows from onsite areas that are either undisturbed or have undergone
final stabilization where such flows are diverted around both the
disturbed area and the sediment basin.
In determining whether installing a sediment basin is attainable,
the permittee may consider factors such as site soils, slope, available
area on site, etc. In any event, the permittee must consider public
safety, especially as it relates to children, as a design factor for
the sediment basin and alternative sediment controls shall be used
where site limitations would preclude a safe design. For drainage
locations which serve ten (10) or more disturbed acres at one time and
where a temporary sediment basin or equivalent controls is not
attainable, smaller sediment basins and/or sediment traps should be
used. Where neither the sediment basin nor equivalent controls are
attainable due to site limitations, silt fences, vegetative buffer
strips, or equivalent sediment controls are required for all down slope
boundaries of the construction area and for those side slope boundaries
deemed appropriate as dictated by individual site conditions. EPA
encourages the use of a combination of sediment and erosion control
measures in order to achieve maximum pollutant removal.
(b) For drainage locations serving less than 10 acres, smaller
sediment basins and/or sediment traps should be used. At a minimum,
silt fences, vegetative buffer strips, or equivalent sediment controls
are required for all down slope boundaries (and for those side slope
boundaries deemed appropriate as dictated by individual site
conditions) of the construction area unless a sediment basin providing
storage for a calculated volume of runoff from a 2 year, 24 hour storm
or 3,600 cubic feet of storage per acre drained is provided. EPA
encourages the use of a combination of sediment and erosion control
measures in order to achieve maximum pollutant removal.
b. Storm Water Management. A description of measures that will be
installed during the construction process to control pollutants in
storm water discharges that will occur after construction operations
have been completed must be included in the SWPPP. Structural measures
should be placed on upland soils to the degree attainable. The
installation of these devices may also require a separate permit under
section 404 of the CWA. Permittees are only responsible for the
installation and maintenance of storm water management measures prior
to final stabilization of the site, and are not responsible for
maintenance after storm water discharges associated with construction
activity have been eliminated from the site. However, post-construction
storm water BMPs that discharge pollutants from point sources once
construction is completed, may in themselves, need authorization under
a separate NPDES permit.
(1) Such practices may include but are not limited to: storm water
detention structures (including wet ponds); storm water retention
structures; flow attenuation by use of open vegetated swales and
natural depressions; infiltration of runoff onsite; and sequential
systems (which combine several practices). The SWPPP shall include an
explanation of the technical basis used to select the practices to
control pollution where flows exceed predevelopment levels.
(2) Velocity dissipation devices shall be placed at discharge
locations and along the length of any outfall channel to provide a non-
erosive flow velocity from the structure to a water course so that the
natural physical and biological characteristics and functions are
maintained and protected (e.g. no significant changes in the
hydrological regime of the receiving water).
c. Other Controls. (1) No solid materials, including building
materials, shall be discharged to waters of the United States, except
as authorized by a permit issued under section 404 of the CWA.
(2) Off-site vehicle tracking of sediments and the generation of
dust shall be minimized.
(3) The SWPPP shall be consistent with applicable State, Tribal
and/or local waste disposal, sanitary sewer or septic system
regulations to the extent these are located within the permitted area.
(4) The SWAPPP shall include a description of construction and
waste materials expected to be stored on-site with updates as
appropriate. The SWPPP shall also include a description of controls to
reduce pollutants from these materials including storage practices to
minimize exposure of the materials to storm water, and spill prevention
and response.
(5) The SWPPP shall include a description of pollutant sources from
areas other than construction (including storm water discharges from
dedicated asphalt plants and dedicated concrete plants), and a
description of controls and measures that will be implemented at those
sites to minimize pollutant discharges.
(6) The SWPPP shall include a description of measures necessary to
protect listed endangered or threatened species, or critical habitat,
including any terms or conditions that are imposed under the
eligibility requirements of Part I.B.3.e.(4) of this permit. Failure to
describe and implement such measures will result in storm water
discharges from construction activities that are ineligible for
coverage under this permit.
d. Approved State, Tribal or Local Plans. (1) Permittees which
discharge storm water associated with construction activities must
ensure their storm water pollution prevention plan is consistent with
requirements specified in applicable sediment and erosion site plans or
site permits, or storm water management site plans or site permits
approved by State, Tribal, or local officials.
[[Page 7909]]
(2) Storm water pollution prevention plans must be updated as
necessary to remain consistent with any changes applicable to
protecting surface water resources in sediment erosion site plans or
site permits, or storm water management site plans or site permits
approved by State, Tribal or local officials for which the permittee
receives written notice.
3. Maintenance
All erosion and sediment control measures and other protective
measures identified in the SWPPP must be maintained in effective
operating condition. If site inspections required by Part IV.D.4.
identify BMPs that are not operating effectively, maintenance shall be
performed before the next anticipated storm event, or as necessary to
maintain the continued effectiveness of storm water controls. If
maintenance prior to the next anticipated storm event is impracticable,
maintenance must be scheduled and accomplished as soon as practicable.
4. Inspections
Qualified personnel (provided by the permittee or cooperatively by
multiple permittees) shall inspect disturbed areas of the construction
site that have not been finally stabilized, areas used for storage of
materials that are exposed to precipitation, structural control
measures, and locations where vehicles enter or exit the site, at least
once every fourteen (14) calendar days and within 24 hours of the end
of a storm event of 0.5 inches or greater.
Where sites have been finally or temporarily stabilized, runoff is
unlikely due to winter conditions (e.g., site is covered with snow,
ice, or frozen ground exists), or during seasonal arid periods in arid
areas (areas with an average annual rainfall of 0 to 10 inches) and
semi-arid areas (areas with an average annual rainfall of 10 to 20
inches) such inspections shall be conducted at least once every month.
Permittees are eligible for a waiver of monthly inspection
requirements until one month before thawing conditions are expected to
result in a discharge if all of the following requirements are met: (1)
The project is located in an area where frozen conditions are
anticipated to continue for extended periods of time (i.e., more than
one month); (2) land disturbance activities have been suspended; and
(3) the beginning and ending dates of the waiver period are documented
in the SWPPP.
a. Disturbed areas and areas used for storage of materials that are
exposed to precipitation shall be inspected for evidence of, or the
potential for, pollutants entering the drainage system. Sediment and
erosion control measures identified in the SWPPP shall be observed to
ensure that they are operating correctly. Where discharge locations or
points are accessible, they shall be inspected to ascertain whether
erosion control measures are effective in preventing significant
impacts to receiving waters. Where discharge locations are
inaccessible, nearby downstream locations shall be inspected to the
extent that such inspections are practicable. Locations where vehicles
enter or exit the site shall be inspected for evidence of offsite
sediment tracking.
b. Based on the results of the inspection, the SWPPP shall be
modified as necessary (e.g., show additional controls on map required
by Part IV.D.1; revise description of controls required by Part IV.D.2)
to include additional or modified BMPs designed to correct problems
identified. Revisions to the SWPPP shall be completed within 7 calendar
days following the inspection. If existing BMPs need to be modified or
if additional BMPs are necessary, implementation shall be completed
before the next anticipated storm event. If implementation before the
next anticipated storm event is impracticable, they shall be
implemented as soon as practicable.
c. A report summarizing the scope of the inspection, name(s) and
qualifications of personnel making the inspection, the date(s) of the
inspection, and major observations relating to the implementation of
the SWPPP shall be made and retained as part of the SWPPP for at least
three years from the date that the site is finally stabilized. Major
observations should include: the location(s) of discharges of sediment
or other pollutants from the site; location(s) of BMPs that need to be
maintained; location(s) of BMPs that failed to operate as designed or
proved inadequate for a particular location; and location(s) where
additional BMPs are needed that did not exist at the time of
inspection. Actions taken in accordance with Part IV.D.4.b of this
permit shall be made and retained as part of the storm water pollution
prevention plan for at least three years from the date that the site is
finally stabilized. Such reports shall identify any incidents of non-
compliance. Where a report does not identify any incidents of non-
compliance, the report shall contain a certification that the facility
is in compliance with the storm water pollution prevention plan and
this permit. The report shall be signed in accordance with Part VI.G of
this permit.
5. Non-Storm Water Discharges
Except for flows from fire fighting activities, sources of non-
storm water listed in Part III.A.2 or 3 of this permit that are
combined with storm water discharges associated with construction
activity must be identified in the SWPPP. The SWPPP shall identify and
ensure the implementation of appropriate pollution prevention measures
for the non-storm water component(s) of the discharge.
Part V. Retention of Records
A. Documents
The permittee shall retain copies of storm water pollution
prevention plans and all reports required by this permit, and records
of all data used to complete the Notice of Intent to be covered by this
permit, for a period of at least three years from the date that the
site is finally stabilized. This period may be extended by request of
the Director at any time.
B. Accessibility
The permittee shall retain a copy of the storm water pollution
prevention plan required by this permit (including a copy of the permit
language) at the construction site (or other local location accessible
to the Director, a State, Tribal or local agency approving sediment and
erosion plans, grading plans, or storm water management plans; local
government officials; or the operator of a municipal separate storm
sewer receiving discharges from the site) from the date of project
initiation to the date of final stabilization. Permittees with day-to-
day operational control over SWPPP implementation shall have a copy of
the SWPPP available at a central location on-site for the use of all
operators and those identified as having responsibilities under the
SWPPP whenever they are on the construction site.
C. Addresses
Except for the submittal of NOIs and NOTs (see Parts II.C and
VIII.B, respectively), all written correspondence concerning discharges
in any State, Indian Country land or from any Federal facility covered
under this permit and directed to the EPA, including the submittal of
individual permit applications, shall be sent to the address of the
appropriate EPA Regional Office listed below:
Region 1: CT, MA, ME, NH, RI, VT
United States EPA, Region 1, Office of Ecosystem Protection,
Municipal
[[Page 7910]]
Assistance Unit, John F. Kennedy Federal Building-CMU, Boston, MA 02203
Region 2: NJ, NY, PR, VI
United States EPA, Region 2, Division of Environmental Planning and
Protection, (2DEPP-WPB), Water Programs Branch, 290 Broadway, New York,
NY 10007-1866
Region 3: DE, DC, MD, PA, VA, WV
United States EPA, Region 3, Water Management Division, (3WM55),
Storm Water Staff, 841 Chestnut Building, Philadelphia, PA 19107
Region 7: IA, KS, MO, NE (except see Region 8 for Pine Ridge
Reservation Lands)
United States EPA, Region 7, Water, Wetlands, and Pesticides
Division, NPDES and Facilities Management Branch, Storm Water Staff,
726 Minnesota Avenue, Kansas City, KS 66101
Region 8: CO, MT, ND, SD, WY, UT (except see Region 9 for Goshute
Reservation and Navajo Reservation lands), the Ute Mountain Reservation
in NM, and the Pine Ridge Reservation in NE
United States EPA, Region 8, Ecosystems Protection Program (8EPR-
EP), Storm Water Staff, 999 18th Street, Suite 500, Denver, CO 80202-
2466
Region 9: AZ, CA, HI, NV, Guam, American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the
Northern Mariana Islands, the Goshute Reservation in UT and NV, the
Navajo Reservation in UT, NM, and AZ, the Duck Valley Reservation in
ID, Fort McDermitt Reservation in OR
United States EPA, Region 9, Water Management Division, WTR-5,
Storm Water Staff, 75 Hawthorne Street, San Francisco, CA 94105
Region 10: AK, WA, ID (except see Region 9 for Duck Valley Reservation
lands), OR (except see Region 9 for Fort McDermitt Reservation)
United States EPA Region 10, Office of Water OW-130, Storm Water
Staff, 1200 6th Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101
Part VI. Standard Permit Conditions
A. Duty to Comply
1. The Permittee Must Comply With All Conditions of This Permit
Any permit noncompliance constitutes a violation of CWA and is
grounds for reinforcement action; for permit termination, revocation
and reissuance, or modification; or for denial of a permit renewal
application.
2. Penalties for Violations of Permit Conditions
The Director will adjust the civil and administrative penalties
listed below in accordance with the Civil Monetary Penalty Inflation
Adjustment Rule Federal Register: December 31, 1996, Volume 61, Number
252, pages 69359-69366, as corrected, March 20, 1997, Volume 62, Number
54, pages 13514-13517) as mandated by the Debt Collection Improvement
Act of 1996 for inflation on a periodic basis. This rule allows EPA's
penalties to keep pace with inflation. The Agency is required to review
its penalties at least once every four years thereafter and to adjust
them as necessary for inflation according to a specified formula. The
civil and administrative penalties listed below were adjusted for
inflation starting in 1996.
a. Criminal. (1) Negligent Violations. The CWA provides that any
person who negligently violates permit conditions implementing sections
301, 302, 306, 307, 308, 318, or 405 of the Act is subject to a fine of
not less than $2,500 nor more than $25,000 per day of violation, or by
imprisonment for not more than 1 year, or both.
(2) Knowing Violations. The CWA provides that any person who
knowingly violates permit conditions implementing sections 301, 302,
306, 307, 308, 318, or 405 of the Act is subject to a fine of not less
than $5,000 nor more than $50,000 per day of violation, or by
imprisonment for not more than 3 years, or both.
(3) Knowing Endangerment. The CWA provides that any person who
knowingly violates permit conditions implementing sections 301, 302,
306, 307, 308, 318, or 405 of the Act and who knows at that time he is
placing another person in imminent danger of death or serious bodily
injury is subject to a fine of not more than $250,000, or by
imprisonment for not more than 15 years, or both.
(4) False Statement. The CWA provides that nay person who
knowingly makes any false material statement, representation, or
certification in any application, record, report, plan, or other
document filed or required to be maintained under the Act or who
knowingly falsifies, tampers with, or renders inaccurate, any
monitoring device or method required to be maintained under the Act,
shall upon conviction, be punished by a fine of not more than $10,000
or by imprisonment for not more than two years, or by both. If a
conviction is for a violation committed after a first conviction of
such person under this paragraph, punishment shall be by a fine of not
more than $20,000 per day of violation, or by imprisonment of not more
than four years, or by both. (See section 309(c)(4) of the Clean Water
Act).
b. Civil Penalties. The CWA provides that any person who violates a
permit condition implementing sections 301, 302, 306, 307, 308, 318, or
405 of the Act is subject to a civil penalty not to exceed $27,500 per
day for each violation.
c. Administrative Penalties. The CWA provides that any person who
violates a permit condition implementing sections 301, 302, 306, 307,
308, 318, or 405 of the Act is subject to an administrative penalty, as
follows:
(1) Class I Penalty. Not to exceed $11,000 violation nor shall the
maximum amount exceed $27,500.
(2) Class II Penalty. Not to exceed $11,000 per day for each day
during which the violation continues nor shall the maximum amount
exceed $137,500.
B. Continuation of the Expired General Permit
If this permit is not reissued or replaced prior to the expiration
date, it will be administratively continued in accordance with the
Administrative Procedures Act and remain in force and effect. Any
permittee who was granted permit coverage prior to the expiration date
will automatically remain covered by the continued permit until the
earlier of:
1. Reissuance or replacement of this permit, at which time the
permittee must comply with the Notice of Intent conditions of the new
permit to maintain authorization to discharge; or
2. The permittee's submittal of a Notice of Termination; or
3. Issuance of an individual permit for the permittee's discharges;
or
4. A formal permit decision by the Director not to reissue this
general permit, at which time the permittee must seek coverage under an
alternative general permit or an individual permit.
C. Need to Halt or Reduce Activity Not a Defense
It shall not be a defense for a permittee in an enforcement action
that it would have been necessary to halt or reduce the permitted
activity in order to maintain compliance with the conditions of this
permit.
D. Duty to Mitigate
The permittee shall take all reasonable steps to minimize or
prevent any discharge in violation of this permit which has a
reasonable likelihood of
[[Page 7911]]
adversely affecting human health or the environment.
E. Duty to Provide Information
The permittee shall furnish to the Director or an authorized
representative of the Director any information which is requested to
determine compliance with this permit or other information.
F. Other Information
When the permittee becomes aware that he or she failed to submit
any relevant facts or submitted incorrect information in the Notice of
Intent or in any other report to the Director, he or she shall promptly
submit such facts or information.
G. Signatory Requirements
All Notices of Intent, Notices of Termination, storm water
pollution prevention plans, reports, certifications or information
either submitted to the Director or the operator of a large or medium
municipal separate storm sewer system, or that this permit requires be
maintained by the permittee, shall be signed as follows:
1. All Notices of Intent and Notices of Termination shall be signed
as follows:
a. For a corporation: by a responsible corporate officer. For the
purpose of this section, a responsible corporate officer means: a
president, secretary, treasurer, or vice-president of the corporation
in charge of a principal business function, or any other person who
performs similar policy or decision-making functions for the
corporation; or the manager of one or more manufacturing, production or
operating facilities employing more than 250 persons or having gross
annual sales or expenditures exceeding $25,000,000 (in second-quarter
1980 dollars) if authority to sign documents has been assigned to
delegated to the manager in accordance with corporate procedures;
b. For a partnership or sole proprietorship: by a general partner
or the proprietor, respectively; or
c. For a municipality, State, Federal, or other public agency: by
either a principal executive officer or ranking elected official. For
purposes of this section, a principal executive officer of a Federal
agency includes (1) the chief executive officer of the agency, or (2)
senior executive officer having responsibility for the overall
operations of a principal geographic unit of the agency (e.g., Regional
Administrator of EPA).
2. All reports required by this permit and other information
requested by the Director or authorized representative of the Director
shall be signed by a person described above or by a duly authorized
representative of that person. A person is a duly authorized
representative only if:
a. The authorization is made in writing by a person described above
and submitted to the Director.
b. The authorization specifies either an individual or position
having responsibility for the overall operation of the regulated
facility or activity, such as the position of manager, operator,
superintendent, or position of equivalent responsibility or an
individual or position having overall responsibility for environmental
matters for the company. (A duly authorized representative may thus be
either a named individual or any individual occupying a named
position).
c. Changes to Authorization. If an authorization under Part II.B is
no longer accurate because a different operator has responsibility for
the overall operation of the construction site, a new Notice of Intent
satisfying the requirements of Part II.B must be submitted to the
Director prior to or together with any reports, information, or
applications to be signed by an authorized representative. The change
in authorization must be submitted within the time frame specified in
Part II.A.3, and sent to the address specified in Part II.C.
d. Certification. Any person signing documents under Part VI.G
shall make the following certification:
``I certify under penalty of law that this document and all
attachments were prepared under my direction or supervision in
accordance with a system designed to assure that qualified personnel
properly gathered and evaluated the information submitted. Based on
my inquiry of the person or persons who manage the system, or those
persons directly responsible for gathering the information, the
information submitted is, to the best of my knowledge and belief,
true, accurate, and complete. I am aware that there are significant
penalties for submitting false information, including the
possibility of fine and imprisonment for knowing violations.''
H. Penalties for Falsification of Reports
Section 309(c)(4) of the Clean Water Act provides that any person
who knowingly makes any false material statement, representation, or
certification in any record or other document submitted or required to
be maintained under this permit, including reports of compliance or
noncompliance shall, upon conviction, be punished by a fine of not more
than $10,000, or by imprisonment for not more than two years, or by
both.
I. Oil and Hazardous Substance Liability
Nothing in this permit shall be construed to preclude the
institution of any legal action or relieve the permittee from any
responsibilities, liabilities, or penalties to which the permittee is
or may be subject under section 311 of the CWA or section 106 of the
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of
1980 (CERCLA).
J. Property Rights
The issuance of this permit does not convey any property rights of
any sort, nor any exclusive privileges, nor does it authorize any
injury to private property nor any invasion of personal rights, nor any
infringement of Federal, State or local laws or regulations.
K. Severability
The provisions of this permit are severable, and if any provision
of this permit, or the application of any provision of this permit to
any circumstance, is held invalid, the application of such provision to
other circumstances, and the remainder of this permit shall not be
affected thereby.
L. Requiring an Individual Permit or an Alternative General Permit
1. The Director may require any person authorized by this permit to
apply for and/or obtain either an individual NPDES permit or an
alternative NPDES general permit. Any interested person may petition
the Director to take action under this paragraph. Where the Director
requires a permittee authorized to discharge under this permit to apply
for an individual NPDES permit, the Director shall notify the permittee
in writing that a permit application is required. This notification
shall include a brief statement of the reasons for this decision, an
application form, a statement setting a deadline for the permittee to
file the application, and a statement that on the effective date of
issuance or denial of the individual NPDES permit or the alternative
general permit as it applies to the individual permittee, coverage
under this general permit shall automatically terminate. Applications
shall be submitted to the appropriate Regional Office indicated in Part
V.C of this permit. The Director may grant additional time to submit
the application upon request of the applicant. If a permittee fails to
submit in a timely manner an individual NPDES permit application as
required by the Director under this paragraph, then the applicability
of this permit to the individual NPDES permittee is automatically
terminated at the end of the day specified by the Director for
application submittal.
[[Page 7912]]
2. Any permittee authorized by this permit may request to be
excluded from the coverage of this permit by applying for an individual
permit. In such cases, the permittee shall submit an individual
application in accordance with the requirements of 40 CFR
122.26(c)(1)(ii), with reasons supporting the request, to the Director
at the address for the appropriate Regional Office indicated in Part
V.C of this permit. The request may be granted by issuance of any
individual permit or an alternative general permit if the reasons cited
by the permittee are adequate to support the request.
3. When an individual NPDES permit is issued to a permittee
otherwise subject to this permit, or the permittee is authorized to
discharge under an alternative NPDES general permit, the applicability
of this permit to the individual NPDES permittee is automatically
terminated on the effective date of the individual permit or the date
of authorization of coverage under the alternative general permit,
whichever the case may be. When an individual NPDES permit is denied to
an owner or operator otherwise subject to this permit, or the owner or
operator is denied for coverage under an alternative NPDES general
permit, the applicability of this permit to the individual NPDES
permittee is automatically terminated on the date of such denial,
unless otherwise specified by the Director.
M. State/Tribal Environmental Laws
1. Nothing in this permit shall be construed to preclude the
institution of any legal action or relieve the permittee from any
responsibilities, liabilities, or penalties established pursuant to any
applicable State/Tribal law or regulation under authority preserved by
section 510 of the Act.
2. No condition of this permit shall release the permittee from any
responsibility or requirements under other environmental statutes or
regulations.
N. Proper Operation and Maintenance
The permittee shall at all times properly operate and maintain all
facilities and systems of treatment and control (and related
appurtenances) which are installed or used by the permittee to achieve
compliance with the conditions of this permit and with the requirements
of storm water pollution prevention plans. Proper operation and
maintenance also includes adequate laboratory controls and appropriate
quality assurance procedures. Proper operation and maintenance requires
the operation of backup or auxiliary facilities or similar systems,
installed by a permittee only when necessary to achieve compliance with
the conditions of this permit.
O. Inspection and Entry
The permittee shall allow the Director or an authorized
representative of EPA, the State/Tribe, or, in the case of a
construction site which discharges through a municipal separate storm
sewer, an authorized representative of the municipal owner/operator or
the separate storm sewer receiving the discharge, upon the presentation
of credentials and other documents as may be required by law, to:
1. Enter upon the permittee's premises where a regulated facility
or activity is located or conducted or where records must be kept under
the conditions of this permit;
2. Have access to and copy at reasonable times, any records that
must be kept under the conditions of this permit; and
3. Inspect at reasonable times any facilities or equipment
(including monitoring and control equipment).
P. Permit Actions
This permit may be modified, revoked and reissued, or terminated
for cause. The filing of a request by the permittee for a permit
modification, revocation and reissuance, or termination, or a
notification of planned changes or anticipated noncompliance does not
stay any permit condition.
Part VII. Reopener Clause
A. If there is evidence indicating that the storm water discharges
authorized by this permit cause, have the reasonable potential to cause
or contribute to, a violation of a water quality standard, the
permittee may be required to obtain an individual permit or an
alternative general permit in accordance with Part I.C of this permit,
or the permit may be modified to include different limitations and/or
requirements.
B. Permit modification or revocation will be conducted according to
40 CFR 122.62, 122.63, 122.64 and 124.5.
C. EPA may propose a modification to this permit after further
discussions between the Agency and the Advisory Council on Historic
Preservation for the protection of historic properties.
Part VIII. Termination of Coverage
A. Notice of Termination
Permittees must submit a completed Notice of Termination (NOT) that
is signed in accordance with Part VI.G of this permit when one or more
of the conditions contained in Part I.D.2. (Terminating Coverage) have
been met at a construction project. The NOT form found in Addendum D
will be used unless it has been replaced by a revised version by the
Director. The Notice of Termination shall include the following
information:
1. The NPDES permit number for the storm water discharge identified
by the Notice of Termination;
2. An indication of whether the storm water discharges associated
with construction activity have been eliminated (i.e., regulated
discharges of storm water are being terminated) or the permittee is no
longer an operator at the site;
3. The name, address and telephone number of the permittee
submitting the Notice of Termination;
4. The name of the project and street address (or a description of
location if no street address is available) of the construction site
for which the notification is submitted;
5. The latitude and longitude of the construction site; and
6. The following certification,signed in accordance with Part VI.G
(signatory requirements) of this permit. For construction projects with
more than one permittee and/or operator, the permittee need only make
this certification for those portions of the construction site where
the permittee was authorized under this permit and not for areas where
the permittee was not an operator:
``I certify under penalty of law that all storm water discharges
associated with industrial activity from the identified facility
that authorized by a general permit have been eliminated or that I
am no longer the operator of the facility or construction site. I
understand that by submitting this notice of termination, I am no
longer authorized to discharge storm water associated with
industrial activity under this general permit, and that discharging
pollutants in storm water associated with industrial activity to
waters of the United States is unlawful under the Clean Water Act
where the discharge is not authorized by a NPDES permit. I also
understand that the submittal of this Notice of Termination does not
release an operator from liability for any violations of this permit
or the Clean Water Act.''
For the purposes of this certification, elimination of storm water
discharges associated with construction activity means that all
disturbed soils at the portion of the construction site where the
operator had control have been finally stabilized (as defined in Part
IX.I) and temporary erosion and sediment control measures have been
removed or will be removed at an appropriate time to ensure final
stabilization is maintained, or that all storm water discharges
associated with construction activities from the identified site that
[[Page 7913]]
are authorized by a NPDES general permit have otherwise been eliminated
from the portion of the construction site where the operator had
control.
B. Addresses
1. All Notices of termination, signed in accordance with Part VI.G
of this permit, are to be submitted using the form provided by the
Director (or a photocopy thereof), to the address specified on the NOT
form.
Part IX. Definitions
A. Best Management Practices (BMPs) means schedules of activities,
prohibitions of practices, maintenance procedures, and other management
practices to prevent or reduce the discharge of pollutants to waters of
the United States. BMPs also include treatment requirements, operating
procedures, and practice to control plant site runoff, spillage or
leaks, sludge or waste disposal, or drainage from raw material storage.
B. Control Measure as used in this permit, refers to any Best
Management Practice or other method used to prevent or reduce the
discharge of pollutants to waters of the United States.
C. Commencement of Construction the initial disturbance of soils
associated with clearing, grading, or excavating activities or other
construction activities.
D. CWA means the Clean Water Act or the Federal Water Pollution
Control Act, 33 U.S.C. section 1251 et seq.
E. Director means the Regional Administrator of the Environmental
Protection Agency or an authorized representative.
F. Discharge when used without qualification means the ``discharge
of a pollutant.''
G. Discharge of Storm Water Associated with Construction Activity
as used in this permit, refers to a discharge of pollutants in storm
water runoff from areas where soil disturbing activities (e.g.,
clearing, grading, or excavation), construction materials or equipment
storage or maintenance (e.g., fill piles, borrow area, concrete truck
washout, fueling), or other industrial storm water directly related to
the construction process (e.g., concrete or asphalt batch plants) are
located.
H. Facility or Activity means any NPDES ``point source'' or any
other facility or activity (including land or appurtenances thereto)
that is subject to regulation under the NPDES program.
I. Final Stabilization means that either:
1. All soil disturbing activities at the site have been completed
and a uniform (e.g,, evenly distributed, without large bare areas)
perennial vegetative cover with a density of 70% of the native
background vegetative cover for the area has been established on all
unpaved areas and areas not covered by permanent structures, or
equivalent permanent stabilization measures (such as the use of riprap,
gabions, or goetextiles) have been employed. In such parts of the
country, background native vegetation will cover less than 100% of the
ground (e.g., arid areas, beaches). Establishing at least 70% of the
natural cover of the native vegetation meets the vegetative cover
criteria for final stabilization (e.g., if the native vegetation covers
50% of the ground, 70% of 50% would require 35% total cover for final
stabilization; on a beach with no natural vegetation, no stabilization
is required); or
2. For individual lots in residential construction by either: (a)
The homebuilder completing final stabilization as specified above, or
(b) the homebuilder establishing temporary stabilization including
perimeter controls for an individual lot prior to occupation of the
home by the homeowner and informing the homeowner of the need for, and
benefits of, final stabilization. (Homeowners typically have an
incentive to put in the landscaping functionally equivalent to final
stabilization as quick as possible to keep mud out of their homes and
off sidewalks and driveways.); or
3. For construction projects on land used for agricultural purposes
(e.g., pipelines across crop or range land), final stabilization may be
accomplished by returning the disturbed land to its preconstruction
agricultural use. Areas disturb that were not previously used for
agricultural activities, such as buffer strips immediately adjacent to
``water of the United States,'' and area which are not being returned
to their preconstruction agricultural use must meet the final
stabilization criteria (1) or (2) above.
J. Flow-Weighted Composite Sample means a composite sample
consisting of a mixture of aliquots collected at a constant time
interval, where the volume of each aliquot is proportional to the flow
rate of the discharge.
K. Large and Medium Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System means all
municipal separate storm sewers that are either:
1. Located in an incorporated place (city) with a population of
100,000 or more as determined by the latest Decennial Census by the
Bureau of Census (these cities are listed in Appendices F and G of 40
CFR 122); or
2. Located in the countries with unincorporated urbanized
populations of 100,000 or more, except municipal separate storm sewers
that are located in the incorporated places, townships or towns within
such counties (these counties are listed in Appendices H and I of 40
CFR 122); or
3. Owned or operated by a municipality other than those described
in paragraph (i) and (ii) and that are designated by the Director as
part of the large or medium municipal separate storm sewer system.
L. NOI means Notice of Intent to be covered by this permit (see
Part II of this permit.)
M. NOT means Notice of Termination (see Part VIII of this permit).
N. Operator for the purpose of this permit and in the context of
storm water associated with construction activity, means any party
associated with a construction project that meets either of the
following two criteria:
1. The party has operational control over construction plans and
specifications, including the ability to make modifications to those
plans and specifications; or
2. The party has day-to-day operational control of those activities
at a project which are necessary to ensure compliance with a storm
water pollution prevention plan for the site or other permit conditions
(e.g., they are authorized to direct workers at a site to carry out
activities required by the SWPPP or comply with other permit
conditions).
This definition is provided to inform permittees of EPA's
interpretation of how the regulatory definitions of ``owner or
operator'' and ``facility or activity'' are applied to discharges of
storm water associated with construction activity.
O. Owner or operator means the owner or operator of any ``facility
or activity'' subject to regulation under the NPDES program.
P. Point Source means any discernible, confined, and discrete
conveyance, including but not limited to, any pipe, ditch, channel,
tunnel, conduit, well, discrete fissure, container, rolling stock
concentrated animal feeding operation, landfill leachate collection
system, vessel or other floating craft from which pollutants are or may
be discharged. This term does not include return flows from irrigated
agriculture or agricultural storm water runoff.
Q. Pollutant is defined at 40 CFR 122.2. A partial listing from
this definition includes: dredged spoil, solid waste, sweage, garbage,
sewage sludge, chemical wastes, biological materials,
[[Page 7914]]
heat, wrecked or discarded equipment, rock, sand, cellar dirt, and
industrial or municipal waste.
R. Runoff coefficient means the fraction of total rainfall that
will appear at the conveyance as runoff.
S. Storm Water means storm water runoff, snow melt runoff, and
surface runoff and drainage.
T. Storm Water Associated with Industrial Activity is defined at 40
CFR 122.26(b)(14) and incorporated here by reference. Most relevant to
this permit is 40 CFR 122.26(b)(14)(x), which relates to construction
activity including clearing, grading and excavation activities that
result in the disturbance of five (5) or more acres of total land area,
or are part of a larger common plan of development or sale.
U. Waters of the United States means:
1. All waters which are currently used, were used in the past, or
may be susceptible to use in interstate or foreign commerce, including
all waters which are subject to the ebb and flow of the tide;
2. All interstate waters, including interstate ``wetland'';
3. All other waters such as interstate lakes, rivers, streams
(including intermittent streams), mudflat, sandflats, wetlands,
sloughs, prairie potholes, wet meadows, playa lakes, or natural ponds
the use, degradation, or destruction of which would affect or could
affect interstate or foreign commerce including any such waters:
a. Which are or could be used by interstate or foreign travelers
for recreational or other purposes;
b. From which fish or shellfish are or could be taken and sold in
interstate or foreign commerce; or
c. Which are used or could be used for industrial purposes by
industries in interstate, commerce;
4. All impoundments of waters otherwise defined as waters of the
United States under this definition;
5. Tributaries of waters identified in paragraphs (a) through (d)
of this definition;
6. The territorial sea; and
7. Wetlands adjacent to waters (other than waters that are
themselves wetlands) identified in paragraph 1. through 6. of this
definition.
Waste treatment systems, including treatment ponds or lagoons
designed to meet the requirement of the CWA (other than cooling ponds
for steam electric generation stations per 40 CFR 423) which also meet
the criteria of this definition) are not waters of the United States.
Waters of the United States do not include prior converted cropland.
Notwithstanding the determination of an area's status as prior
converted cropland by any other federal agency, for the purposes of the
Clean Water Act, the final authority regarding Clean Water Act
jurisdiction remains with EPA.
Part X. Permit Conditions Applicable to Specific States, Indian Country
Lands, or Territories
The provisions of this Part provide modifications or additions to
the applicable conditions of Parts I through IX of this permit to
reflect specific additional conditions required as part of the State or
Tribal CWA Section 401 certification process, or Coastal Zone
Management Act certification process, or as otherwise established by
the permitting authority. The additional revisions and requirements
listed below are set forth in connection with, and only apply to, the
following States, Indian Country lands and Federal facilities.
A. Region 1
1. CTR10*##I: Indian Country Lands in the State of Connecticut
No additional requirements.
2. MAR10*###: Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Except Indian Country
Lands
a. Part I.B.4 is added to the permit as follows:
Special Requirements for the State of Massachusetts
a. Discharges covered by the general permit must comply with the
provisions of 314 CMR 3.00, 314 CMR 4.00, 314 CMR 9.00 and 310 CMR
10.00 and any related policies promulgated under the authority of the
Massachusetts Clean Waters Act, M.G.L. c.21, ss.23-56, and Wetlands
Protection Act, M.G.L. c.131 s.40. Specifically, construction
activities subject to this permit must comply with applicable storm
water performance standards prescribed by State regulation or policy.
Construction activities subject to jurisdiction under 310 CMR 10.00
must comply with an Order or Superseding Order of Conditions. An
application for a permit under 314 CMR 3.00 is required only when
required by 314 CMR 3.04(2)(b) or is otherwise identified in 314 CMR
3.00 or Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection policy as
a discharge requiring a permit application.
b. The Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection may
request a copy of the storm water pollution prevention plan or conduct
an inspection of any facility covered by this permit to ensure
compliance with State law requirements. The Department may enforce its
certification conditions.
3. MAR10*##I: Indian Country Lands in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts
No additional requirements.
4. MER10*###: State of Maine, Except Indian Country Lands
a. The following is added to the introductory section of Part IV:
The applicant for a project that does not require a permit pursuant
to Maine's Storm Water Management Law, 38 MRSA 420-D due to the
exemption at 38 MRSA 490-D(7)(D), must demonstrate to the satisfaction
of the Maine Department of Environmental Protections (MDEP) prior to
starting construction that the project meets the standards adopted
pursuant to Maine's Storm Water Management Law, 38 MRSA 420-D.
b. The following is added to the introduction to Part IV. D:
For a project not requiring a permit pursuant to Maine's Storm
Water Management Law, 38 MRSA 420-D, due to the exemption at 38 MRSA-
D(7)(D),* the following information is provided: Maine's
storn water permit application, as approved by MDEP, is considered to
meet the requirements of the storm water pollution prevention plan as
described in Part IV D.1, 2a, 2b, and 2c(1-5). Maine's storm water
permit application is not considered to meet the requirements of Part
IV D.2c(6) (threatened and endangered species and/or critical habitat),
Part IV.D.3 (maintenance), Part IV.D.4. (inspection), or Part IV D.5.
(non-storm water discharges).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\*\A project that is exempt form the Storm Water Management Law,
due to the exemption at 38 MRSA 490-D(7)(D) and some other
exemptions listed at 38 MRSA 490-D(7), is not required to complete a
Maine storm water permit application.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
For a project requiring a permit pursuant to Maine's Storm Water
Management Law, 38 MRSA 420-D, or otherwise required to meet Maine's
storm water standards adopted pursuant to 38 MRSA 420-D, the following
information is provided: a permit or variance application addressing
Storm water, as approved by MDEP, is considered to meet the
requirements of the storm water pollution prevention plan as described
in Part IV.D.1, 2a, 2b, 2c(1-5), 3 and 4. Maine's permit or variance
application addressing storm water, as approved by MDEP, is not
considered to meet the requirements in Part IV.D.2c(6) and (7) which
address threatened and endangered species and/or critical habitat and
historic sites, or Part IV.D.5 (non storm water discharges).
[[Page 7915]]
5. MER10*##I: Indian Country Lands in the State of Maine.
No additional requirements.
6. NHR10*###: State of New Hampshire, Except Indian County Lands
No additional requirements.
7. RIR10*##I: Indian Country Lands in the State of Rhode Island
No additional requirements.
8. VTR10*##F: Federal Facilities in the State of Vermont, Except Those
Located on Indian Country Lands
No additional requirements.
B. Region 2
1. NYR10*##I: Indian Country Lands in the State of New York
No additional requirements.
2. PRR10*###: The Commonwealth of Puerto Rico
No additional requirements.
C. Region 3
1. DCR10*###: The District of Columbia
No additional requirements.
2. DER10*##F: Federal Facilities in the State of Delaware
No additional requirements.
D. Region 7
1. IAR10*##I: Indian Country Lands in the State of Iowa
No additional requirements.
2. KSR10*##I: Indian Country Lands in the State of Kansas
No additional requirements.
3. NER10*##I: Indian Country Lands in the State of Nebraska, Except
Pine Ridge Reservation Lands (see Region 8)
No additional requirements.
E. Region 8
1. COR10*##F: Federal Facilities in the State of Colorado, Except Those
Located on Indian Country Lands
No additional requirements.
2. COR10*##I: Indian Country Lands in the State of Colorado, Including
the Portion of the Ute Mountain Reservation Located in New Mexico
No additional requirements.
3. MTR10*##I: Indian Country Lands in the State of Montana
a. Confederated Salish & Kootenai Tribes of the Flathead
Reservation. Copies of Notices of Intent (NOI), Notices of Termination
(NOT), and Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plans (SWPPPs) must be
submitted to the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes' Natural
Resources Department.
(1) Part II.C.2 is added to the permit as follows:
Special NOI Requirements for the Flathead Indian Reservation. NOIs
shall also be submitted to the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes
at the same time they are submitted to EPA at the following address:
Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes, Natural Resources Department,
Department Head, P.O. Box 278, Pablo, MT 59855.
(2) Part VIII.B.2 is added to the permit as follows:
Special NOT Requirements for the Flathead Indian Reservation. NOTs
shall also be submitted to the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes
at the same time they are submitted to EPA. NOTs are to be sent to the
address given in Part II.C.2.
(3) Part IV.A.3 is added to the permit as follows:
Special Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan Requirements for the
Flathead Indian Reservation. Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plans
(SWPPPs) must be submitted to the Confederated Salish and Kootenai
Tribes' Natural Resources Department before a project on the Flathead
Indian Reservation begins. SWPPPs are to be sent to the address given
in Part II.C.2.
b. All Other Indian Country lands in Montana. No additional
requirements.
4. NDR10*##I: Indian Country Lands in the State of North Dakota,
Including That Portion of the Standing Rock Reservation Located in
South Dakota (Except for the Lake Traverse Reservation Which is Covered
Under South Dakota Permit SDR10*##I Listed Below)
No additional requirements.
5. SDR10*##I: Indian Country Lands in the State of South Dakota,
Including the Portion of the Pine Ridge Reservation Located in Nebraska
and the Portion of the Lake Traverse Reservation Located in North
Dakota (Except for the Standing Rock Reservation Which is Covered Under
North Dakota Permit NDR10*##I Listed Above)
No additional requirements.
6. UTR10*##I: Indian Country Lands in the State of Utah, Except Goshute
and Navajo Reservation Lands (see Region 9)
No additional requirements.
7. WYR10*##I: Indian Country Lands in the State of Wyoming
No additional requirements.
F. Region 9
1. ASR10*###: The Island of American Samoa
No additional requirements.
2. AZR10*###: The State of Arizona, Except Indian Country Lands
a. Part II.C.2 is added to the permit as follows:
Special NOI Requirements for the State of Arizona. NOIs shall also
be submitted to the State of Arizona Department of Environmental
Quality at the following address: Storm Water Coordinator, Arizona
Department of Environmental Quality, 3033 North Central Avenue,
Phoenix, Arizona 85012.
NOIs submitted to the State of Arizona shall include the well
registration number if storm water associated with industrial activity
is discharged to a dry well or an injection well.
b. Part VIII.B.2 is added to the permit as follows:
Special Not Requirement for the State of Arizona. NOTs shall also
be submitted to the State of Arizona Department of Environmental
Quality at the following address: Storm Water Coordinator, Arizona
Department of Environmental Quality, 3033 North Central Avenue,
Phoenix, Arizona 85012.
3. AZR10*##I: Indian Country Lands in the State of Arizona, Including
Navajo Reservation Lands in New Mexico and Utah
No additional requirements.
4. CAR10*##I: Indian Country Lands in the State of California
No additional requirements.
5. GUR10*###I: The Island of Guam
a. Part II.C.2 of the permit is added as follows:
Special NOI Requirement for Guam. NOIs shall also be submitted to
the following address: Guam Environmental Protection Agency, P.O. Box
22439 GMF, Barrigada, Guam 96921.
b. Part VI.L.4 is added to the permit as follows: Special
Requirement for Guam. Individual permit applications required under
this section shall also be submitted to the following address: Guam
Environmental Protection Agency, P.O. Box 22439 GMF, Barrigada, Guam
96921.
6. JAR10*###: Johnston Atoll
No additional requirements.
7. MWR10*###: Midway Island and Wake Island
No additional requirements.
[[Page 7916]]
8. NIR10*###: Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands
a. Part II.A.8 of the permit is added as follows:
NOI Deadline for CNMI. The NOI submitted to the CNMI Department of
Environmental Quality (DEQ) shall be postponed seven (7) calendar days
prior to any storm water discharges.
b. Part II.B.4 of the permit is added as follows:
Additional Requirements for CNMI. The NOI submitted to CNMI and EPA
Region 9 shall be accompanied by a letter from the CNMI DEQ approving
the storm water pollution prevention plan required by Part IV of this
permit.
c. Part II.C.2 of the permit is added as follows:
Special NOI Requirements for CNMI. NOIs shall also be submitted to
the following addresses:
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, Division of Environmental
Quality, P.O. Box 1304, Saipan, MP 96950
EPA, Region 9, Section WTR-5, 75 Hawthorne Street, San Francisco, CA
94105
d. Part IV.A.3 of the permit is added as follows:
Special Requirements for CNMI. Storm water pollution prevention
plans (SWPPPs) required by this permit shall be submitted to the CNMI
DEQ for review and approval along with applicable fees associated with
a 401 Water Quality Certification prior to submittal of an NOI to EPA
and the CNMI DEQ. SWPPPs are to be sent to the address given in Part
II.C.2.
9. NVR10*##: Indian Country Lands in the State of Nevada, including the
Duck Valley Reservation in Idaho, the Fort McDermitt Reservation in
Oregon and the Goshute Reservation in Utah
No additional requirements.
G. Region 10
1. AKR10*###: The State of Alaska, Except Indian Country Lands
a. Part II.C.2 is added to the permit as follows:
Special NOI Requirements for the State of Alaska. A copy of the
Notice of Intent must be sent to the Department of Environmental
Conservation offices as listed below:
For projects nearest to Anchorage or Fairbanks: Alaska Department
of Environmental Conservation, Water Quality Permitting Section/Storm
Water, 555 Cordova Street, Anchorage, AK 99501, (907) 563-6529, FAX
(907) 562-4026.
For projects in southeast Alaska, nearest to Juneau: Alaska
Department of Environmental Conservation, Water Quality Permitting
Section/Storm Water, 410 Willoughby Avenue, Juneau, AK 99801.
b. Part IV.A.3 is added to the permit as follows:
Special Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan Requirements for the
State of Alaska. Permittees shall obtain DEC approval of the Storm
Water Pollution Prevention Plan for the construction site pursuant to
18 AAC 72.600(a). Plans are to be approved and sealed by a Professional
Engineer registered in the State of Alaska, shall be submitted to the
same DEC office that the Notice of Intent is sent to, and shall be
accompanied by any State-required fee. A failure to secure approval as
provided in this paragraph shall be deemed a violation of this general
permit, but shall not prevent storm water discharges from being
authorized by this general permit. (18 AAC 72.600(a), 18 AAC
72.610(a)(8), and 18 AAC 72.990(32)).
c. Part IV. D.2.b.(3) is added to the permit as follows:
Special Storm Water Management Requirements for the State of
Alaska. The permittee is responsible for any post-stabilization
requirements, such as the removal of pollution control devices and the
control of pollutant discharges at that time, if these devices are not
a permanent part of the pollution prevention controls after final
stabilization.
d. Part VIII.B.2 is added to the permit as follows:
Special NOT Requirements for the State of Alaska. NOTs shall also
be submitted to the State of Alaska at the same time they are submitted
to EPA. NOTs are to be sent to the address given in Part II.C.2.
s. AKR10*##I: Indian Country Lands in Alaska
No additional requirements.
3. IDR10*###: The State of Idaho, Except Indian Country lands
a. Part III.F is added to the permit as follows:
Special Water Quality Standard Requirements for the State of Idaho.
In addition to the requirements for coverage identified in the subject
permit, the Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) design and
associated storm water discharge quality shall demonstrate compliance
with applicable Idaho Water Quality Standards.
4. IDR10*##I: Indian Country Lands in the State of Idaho, Except Duck
Valley Reservation Lands (see Region 9)
No additional requirements.
5. ORR10*##I: Indian Country Lands in the State of Oregon Except Fort
McDermitt Reservation Lands (see Region 9)
No additional requirements.
6. WAR*##F: Federal Facilities in the State of Washington, Except Those
Located on Indian Country Lands
The Washington Department of Ecology includes these conditions to
ensure compliance with R.W. 90.48.080 and rules referenced in the
conditions above established in accordance with R.W. 90.48.035.
a. Part III.F.1 is added to the permit as follows:
Special Requirements for Federal Facilities in the State of
Washington. The permittee is responsible for achieving compliance with
State of Washington surface water quality standards (Chapter 173-201A
WAC), sediment management standards (Chapter 173-204 WAC), ground water
quality standards (Chapter 173-200 WAC), and human health based
criteria in the National Toxics Rule (Federal Register, Vol. 57, No.
246, Dec. 22, 1992, pages 60848-609233).
b. Part III.F.2 is added to the permit as follows:
Special Ground Water Protection Requirements for Federal Facilities
in the State of Washington. Diversion of storm water discharges to
ground water from existing discharges to surface water shall not be
authorized by this permit if this causes a violation or the potential
for violation of ground water standards (Chapter 173-200 WAC). Such
discharges below the surface of the ground are also regulated by the
Underground Injection Control Program (Chapter 173-218 WAC).
c. Part III.F.3 is added to the permit as follows:
Special Numeric Limitations for Federal Facilities in the State of
Washington.
Discharges of storm water to surface water from concrete batch or
hot mix asphalt plants covered by this permit shall have an average
monthly or daily maximum pH between 6.0-9.0 and a turbidity of less
than 50 NTUs.
Discharges of storm water to the ground from concrete batch or hot
mix asphalt plants covered by this permit shall have an average monthly
or daily maximum pH between 6.5-8.5.
It needs to be reiterated that this permit does not authorize the
discharge
[[Page 7917]]
of process water from concrete batch or hot mix asphalt plants.
d. Part III.F.4 is added to the permit as follows:
Special Requirement for Federal Facilities in the State of
Washington. ``Comeback Asphalt'' must be contained within a lined area
so that no leaching to ground or surface water can occur.
7. WAR10*##I: Indian Country Lands in the State of Washington
a. Confederated Tribes of the Chehalis Reservation. Copies of
Notices of Intent (NOI) and Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plans
(SWPPPs) must be submitted to the Chehalis Tribal Department of Natural
Resources.
(1) Part II.C.2 is added to the permit as follows:
Special NOI Requirements for the Confederated Tribes of the
Chehalis Reservation.
NOI shall also be submitted to the Confederated Tribes of the
Chehalis Reservation at the same time they are submitted to EPA at the
following address: Confederated Tribes of Chehalis Reservation,
Department of Natural Resources, 420 Howanut Road, Oakville, WA 98568.
(2) Part IV.A.3 is added to the permit as follows:
Special Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan Requirements for the
Confederated Tribes of the Chehalis Reservation. Storm Water Pollution
Prevention Plans (SWPPPs) must be submitted to the Chehalis Tribal
Department of Natural Resources for review and approval prior to the
beginning of any discharge activities taking place. SWPPPs are to be
sent to the address given in Part II.C.2.
(3) Part III.I is added to the permit as follows:
Special Water Quality Standard Requirements for the Confederated
Tribes of the Chehalis Reservation. The permittee shall be responsible
for achieving compliance with Confederated Tribes of Chehalis
Reservation's Water Quality Standards.
b. Puyallup Tribe of Indians. Copies of Notices of Intent (NOI) and
Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plans (SWPPPs) must be submitted to
the Puyallup Tribe Environmental Department.
(1) Part II.C.2 of the permit is added as follows:
Special NOI Requirements for the Puyallup Tribe of Indians. NOIs
shall also be submitted to the Puyallup Tribe Environmental Department
at the same time they are submitted to EPA at the following address:
Puyallup Tribe Environmental Department, 2002 E. 28th St., Tacoma, WA
98404.
(2) Part IV.A.3 is added to the permit as follows:
Special Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan Requirements for the
Puyallup Tribe of Indians. Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plans
(SWPPPs) must be submitted to the Puyallup Tribe Environmental
Department for review and approval prior to the beginning of any
discharge activities taking place. SWPPPs are to be sent to the address
given in Part II.C.2.
(3) Part III.F. is added to the permit as follows:
Special Water Quality Standard Requirements for the Puyallup Tribe
of Indians. Each permittee shall be responsible for achieving
compliance with the Puyallup Tribe's Water Quality Standards.
c. All Other Indian Country lands in Washington. No additional
requirements.
Addendum A--Endangered Species
I. Instructions for Applicants
A. Background
To meet its obligations under the Clean Water Act and the
Endangered Species Act (ESA) and to promote these Acts' goals, the
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is seeking to ensure the
activities regulated by the Construction General Permit (CGP) are
protective of endangered and threatened species and critical habitat.
To ensure that those goals are met, applicants for CGP coverage are
required under Part I.B.3.e. to assess the impacts of their storm water
discharges and storm water discharge-related activities on Federally
listed endangered and threatened species (``listed species'') and
designated critical habitat (``critical habitat'') by following Steps
One through Six listed below. EPA strongly recommends that applicants
follow these steps at the earliest possible stage to ensure that
measures to protect listed species and critical habitat are incorporate
early in the planning process. At minimum, the procedures should be
followed when developing the storm water pollution prevention plan.
Permittees and applicants also have an independent ESA obligation
to ensure that their activities do not result in any prohibited
``takes'' of listed species.\1\ Many of the measures required in the
CGP and in these instructions to protect species may also assist
permittees in ensuring that their construction activities do not result
in a prohibited take of species in violation of section 9 of the ESA.
Applicants who plan construction activities in areas that harbor
endangered and threatened species are advised to ensure that they are
protected from potential takings liability under ESA section 9 by
obtaining either an ESA section 10 permit or by requesting formal
consultation under ESA section 7 (as described in more detail in Step
Seven below). Applicants who seek protection from takings liability
should be aware that it is possible that some specific construction
activities may be too unrelated to storm water discharges to be
afforded incidental take coverage through an ESA section 7 consultation
that is performed to meet the eligibility requirements for CGP
coverage. In such instances, applicants should apply for an ESA section
10 permit. Where applicants are not sure whether to pursue a section 10
permit or a section 7 consultation for takings protection, they should
confer with the appropriate Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) or National
Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) office.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Section 9 of the ESA prohibits any person from ``taking'' a
listed species (e.g., harassing or harming it) unless: (1) The
taking is authorized through a ``incidental take statement'' as part
of undergoing ESA Sec. 7 formal consultation; (2) where an
incidental take permit is obtained under ESA Sec. 10 (which requires
the development of a habitat conservation plan); or (3) where
otherwise authorized or exempted under the ESA. This prohibition
applies to all entities including private individuals, businesses,
and governments.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
This permit provides for the Possibility of multiple permittees at
a construction site. Applicants should be aware that in many cases they
can meet the permit eligibility requirements by relying on another
operator's certification of eligibility under Part 1.B.3.e.(2)(a), (b),
or (c). this is allowed under Part I.B.3.e.(2)(d) of the permit.
However, the other operator's certification must apply to the
applicant's project area and must address the effects from the
applicant's storm water discharges and storm water discharge-related
activities on listed species and critical habitat. By certifying
eligibility under Part I.B.3.e.(2)(d), the applicant agrees to comply
with any measures or controls upon which the other operator's
certification under Part I.B.3.e.(2)(a), (b) or (c) was based. This
situation will typically occur where a developer or primary contractor,
such as one for construction of a subdivision or industrial part,
conducts a comprehensive assessment of effects on listed species and
critical habitat for the entire construction project, certifies
eligibility under Part I.B.3.e.(2)(a), (b) or (c), and that
certification is relied upon by other operators (i.e., contractors) at
[[Page 7918]]
the site. However, applicants that consider relying on another
operator's certification should carefully review that certification
along with any supporting information. If an applicant does not believe
that the operator's certification provides adequate coverage for the
applicant's storm water discharges and storm water discharge-related
activities or for the applicant's particular project area, the
applicant should provide its own independent certification under Part
I.B.3.e.(2)(a), (b), or (c).
B. Procedures
To receive coverage under the Construction General Permit,
applicants must assess the potential effects of their storm water
discharges and storm water discharge-related activities on listed
species and their critical habitat. To make this assessment, applicants
must follow the steps outlined below prior to completing and submitting
Notice of Intent (NOI) form. Applicants who are able to certify
eligibility under Parts I.B.3.e.(2)(b), (c) or (d) because of a
previously issued ESA section 10 permit, a previously completed ESA
section 7 consultation, or because the applicant's activities were
already addressed in another operator's certification of eligibility
may proceed directly to Step Six.
Note--The revised NOI form which was included in the CGP (see 62
FR 29822-29823, June 2, 1997) requires that applicants provide
detailed certification information on listed species. That form is
still under development and is not expected to be finalized before
this permit is issued. Until the revised NOI form is finalized,
applicants must use the existing NOI form which does not contain the
specific certification provisions relating to listed species and
critical habitats at construction projects. However, use of the
existing NOI form does not relieve applicants of their obligation to
follow the procedures listed below to determine if their
construction storm water discharges or storm water discharge-related
activities meet permit eligibility requirements for the protection
of listed species and critical habitat. By following these
instructions, applicants will have sufficient information on listed
species and critical habitat in order to complete either the
existing or revised NOI form and sign the certification statement.
Step One: Determine if the Construction Site is Found Within Designated
Critical Habitat for Listed Species
Some, but not all, listed species have designated critical habitat.
Exact locations of such habitat is provided in the Service regulations
at 50 CFR Parts 17 and 226. To determine if their construction site
occurs within designated critical habitat, applicants should either:
Contact the nearest Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) and
National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) Office. A list of FWS and NMFS
offices is found in Section II of this Addendum; or
Contact the State or Tribal Natural Heritage Centers.
These centers compile and disseminate information on Federally listed
and other protected species. They frequently have the most current
information on listed species and critical habitat. A list of these
centers is provided in Section III of this Addendum; or
Review those regulations (which can be found in many
larger libraries).
If the construction site is not located in designated critical
habitat, then the applicant does not need to consider impacts to
critical habitat when following Steps Two through Six below. If the
site is located within critical habitat, then the applicant must look
at impacts to critical habitat when following Steps Two through Six.
Note that many but not all measures imposed to protect listed species
under these steps will also protect critical habitat. Thus, meeting the
eligibility requirements of this permit may require measures to protect
critical habitat that are separate from those to protect listed
species.
Step Two: Determine if Listed Species are Located in the County(ies)
Where the Construction Activity Will Occur
Section IV of the Addendum contains a county-by-county list of
listed endangered and threatened species (``listed species''), and
proposed endangered and threatened species (``proposed species'').
Since the list was current as of September 1, 1997, applicants must
also check with other sources for updated species and county
information. These sources include: Sections II and III of this
Addendum; EPA's Office of Wastewater Management's web page at ``http://
www.epa.gov/owm'' where updates of the county-by-county list will be
posted on a periodic basis; Federal Register Notices; State wildlife
protection offices; a biologist or similar professional in the
environmental field; or any other method which can be reasonably
expected to provide this information. Applicants with construction
projects located in EPA Region 2 can call the Storm Water General
Permits Hotline at (800) 245-6510 for further assistance, while
applicants with projects located in EPA Regions 1, 3, 7, 8, 9 and 10
may contact the appropriate EPA Regional Office.
Where a facility is located in more than one county, the lists for
all counties should be reviewed. Where a facility discharges into a
water body which serves as a border between counties or which crosses a
county line which is in the immediate vicinity of the point of
discharge, applicants should also review the species list for the
county which lies immediately downstream or is across the water body
from the point of discharge.
After a review of the available information from the sources
mentioned above, if no listed species are located in a facility's
county or if a facility's county is not listed, and the construction
site is not located in critical habitat as described under Step One, an
applicant is eligible for CGP coverage without further inquiry into the
presence of, or effect to, listed species. The applicant must check the
appropriate certification item on the revised NOI form (Part
I.B.3.e.(2)(a)).
Once the applicant has determined which listed species are located
in his or her facility's county, the applicant must follow Step Three.
Step Three: Determine if Any Federally Listed Endangered and Threatened
Species May Be Present in the Project Area
The project area consists of:
The areas on the construction site where storm water
discharges originate and flow toward the point of discharge into the
receiving waters (including areas where excavation, site development,
or other ground disturbance activities occur) and the immediate
vicinity.
Example(s)
1. Where bald eagles nest in a tree that is on or bordering a
construction site and could be disturbed by the construction activity.
2. Where grading causes storm water to flow into a small wetland or
other habitat that is on the site which contains listed species.
The areas where storm water discharges flow from the
construction site to the point of discharge into receiving waters.
Example(s)
1. Where storm water flows into a ditch, swale, or gully which
leads to receiving waters and where listed species (such as amphibians)
are found in the ditch, swale, or gully.
The areas where storm water from construction activities
discharge into receiving waters and the areas in the immediate vicinity
of the point of discharge.
Example(s)
1. Where storm water from construction activities discharges into a
[[Page 7919]]
stream segment that is known to harbor listed aquatic species.
The areas where storm water BMPs will be constructed and
operated, including any areas where storm water flows to and from BMPs.
Example(s)
1. Where a storm water retention pond would be built.
The protect area will vary with the size and structure of the
construction activity, the nature and quantity of the storm water
discharges, the storm water discharge-related activities and the type
of receiving water. Given the number of construction activities
potentially covered by the CGP, no specific method to determine whether
listed species may be located in the project area is required for
coverage under the CGP. Instead, applicants should use the method which
allows them to determine, to the best of their knowledge, whether
listed species are located in their project area. These methods may
include:
Conducting visual inspections: This method may be
particularly suitable for construction sites that are smaller in size
or located in non-natural settings such as highly urbanized areas or
industrial parks where there is little or no natural habitat, or for
construction activities that discharge directly into municipal storm
water collection systems.
Contacting the nearest State or Tribal wildlife agency,
the Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), or the National Marine Fisheries
Service (NMFS). Many endangered and threatened species are found in
well-defined areas or habitats. Such information is frequently known to
State, Tribal, or Federal wildlife agencies. A list of FWS and NMFS
offices is provided in section II of this Addendum below.
Contacting local/regional conservation groups or the State
or Tribal Natural Heritage Centers (see section III of this Addendum).
State and local conservation groups may have location specific listed
species information. The Natural Heritage Centers inventory species and
their locations and maintain lists of sightings and habitats.
Submitting a data request to a Natural Heritage Center.
Many of these centers will provide site specific information on the
presence of listed species in a project area. Some of these centers
will charge a fee for researching data requests.
Conducting a formal biological survey. Larger construction
sites with extensive storm water discharges may choose to conduct
biological surveys as the most effective way to assess whether species
are located in the project area and whether there are likely adverse
effects. Biological surveys are frequently performed by environmental
consulting firms. A biological survey can be used to follow Steps Four
through Six of these instructions.
Conducting an environmental assessment under the National
Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). Some construction activities may
require environmental assessments under NEPA. Such assessments may
indicate if listed species are in the project area. Coverage under the
CGP does not trigger such an assessment because the permit does not
regulate any dischargers subject to New Source Performance Standards
under section 306 of the Clean Water Act, and is thus statutorily
exempted from NEPA. See CWA section 511(c). However, some construction
activities might require review under NEPA because of Federal funding
or other Federal involvement in the project.
If no species are found in the project area, an applicant is
eligible for CGP coverage. Applicants must provide the necessary
certification on the revised NOI form. If listed species are found in
the project area, applicants must indicate the location and nature of
this presence in the storm water pollution prevention plan and follow
Step Four.
Step Four: Determine if Listed Species or Critical Habitat Are Likely
To Be Adversely Affected by the Construction Activity's Storm Water
Discharges or Storm Water Discharge-Related Activities
To receive CGP coverage, applicants must assess whether their storm
water discharges or storm water discharge-related activities are likely
to adversely affect listed species or critical habitat. ``Storm water
discharge-related activities'' include:
Activities which cause, contribute to, or result in point
source storm water pollutant discharges, including but not limited to
excavation, site development, grading, and other surface disturbance
activities; and
Measures to control storm water discharges including the
siting, construction, operation of best management practices (BMPs) to
control, reduce or prevent storm water pollution.
Potential adverse effects from storm water discharges and storm
water discharge-related activities include:
Hydrological. Storm water discharges may cause siltation,
sedimentation or induce other changes in receiving waters such as
temperature, salinity or pH. These effects will vary with the amount of
storm water discharged and the volume and condition of the receiving
water. Where a storm water discharge constitutes a minute portion of
the total volume of the receiving water, adverse hydrological effects
are less likely. Construction activity itself may also alter drainage
patterns on a site where construction occurs which can impact listed
species or critical habitat.
Habitat. Excavation, site development, grading, and other
surface disturbance activities from construction activities, including
the installation or placement of storm water BMPs, may adversely affect
listed species or their habitat. Storm water may drain or inundate
listed species habitat.
Toxicity. In some cases, pollutants in storm water may
have toxic effects on listed species.
The scope of effects to consider will vary with each site. If the
applicant is having difficulty in determining whether his or her
project is likely to adversely affect a listed specie or critical
habitat, then the appropriate office of the FWS, NMFS or Natural
Heritage Center listed in sections II and III of this Addendum should
be contacted for assistance. If adverse effects are not likely, then
the applicant should make the appropriate certification on the revised
NOI form and apply for coverage under the permit. If adverse effects
are likely, applicants must follow Step Five.
Step Five: Determine if Measures Can Be Implemented to Avoid Any
Adverse Effects
If an applicant makes a preliminary determination that adverse
effects are likely, it can still receive coverage under Part
I.B.3.e.(2)(a) of the CGP if appropriate measures are undertaken to
avoid or eliminate the likelihood of adverse effects prior to applying
for permit coverage. These measures may involve relatively simple
changes to construction activities such as re-routing a storm water
discharge to bypass an area where species are located, relocating BMPs,
or by changing the ``footprint'' of the construction activity.
Applicants may wish to contact the FWS and/or NMFS to see what
appropriate measures might be suitable to avoid or eliminate the
likelihood of adverse impacts to listed species and/or critical
habitat. (See 50 CFR 402.13(b)). This can entail the initiation of
informal consultation with the FWS and/or NMFS which is described in
more detail in Step Six.
If applicants adopt measures to avoid or eliminate adverse affects,
they must continue to abide by those measures during the course of
permit coverage. These measures must be described in
[[Page 7920]]
the storm water pollution prevention plan and may be enforceable as
permit conditions. If appropriate measures to avoid the likelihood of
adverse effects are not available to the applicant, the applicant must
follow Step Six.
Step Six: Determine if the Eligibility Requirements of Part
I.B.3.e.(2)(b)-(d) Can Be Met
Where adverse effects are likely, the applicant must contact the
EPA and FWS/NMFS. Applicants may still be eligible for CGP coverage if
any likely adverse effects can be addressed through meeting the
criteria of Part I.B.3.e.(2)(b)-(d) of the permit. These criteria are
as follows:
1. An ESA Section 7 Consultation Is Performed for the Applicant's
Activity (See Part I.B.3.e.(2)(b).
Formal or informal ESA section 7 consultation is performed with the
FWS and/or NMFS which addresses the effects of the applicant's storm
water discharges and storm water discharge-related activities on listed
species and critical habitat. The formal consultation must result in
either a ``no jeopardy opinion'' or a ``jeopardy opinion'' that
identifies reasonable and prudent alternatives to avoid jeopardy which
are to be implemented by the applicant. The informal consultation must
result in a written concurrence by the Service(s) on a finding that the
applicant's storm water discharge(s) and storm water discharge-related
activities are not likely to adversely affect listed species or
critical habitat (for informal consultation, see 50 CFR 402.13).
Most consultations are accomplished through informal consultation.
By the terms of this permit, EPA has automatically designated
applicants as non-Federal representatives for the purpose of conducting
informal consultations. See Part I.B.3.e.(5) and 50 CFR 402.08 and
402.13. When conducting informal ESA section 7 consultation as a non-
Federal representative, applicants must follow the procedures found in
50 CFR 402 of the ESA regulations.
Applicants must also notify EPA and the Services of their intention
and agreement to conduct consultation as a non-Federal representative.
Consultation may occur in the context of another Federal action at the
construction site (e.g., where ESA section 7 consultation was performed
for issuance of a wetlands dredge and fill permit for the project or
where a NEPA review is performed for the project which incorporates a
section 7 consultation). Any terms and conditions developed through
consultations to protect listed species and critical habitat must be
incorporated into the SWPPP. As noted above, applicants may, if they
wish, initiate consultation with the Services at Step Five.
Whether ESA section 7 consultation must be performed with either
the FWS, NMFS or both Services depends on the listed species which may
be affected by the applicant's activity. In general, NMFS has
jurisdiction over marine, estuarine, and anadromous species. Applicants
should also be aware that while formal section 7 consultation provides
protection from incidental takings liability, informal consultation
does not.
2. An Incidental Taking Permit Under Section 10 of the ESA is
Issued for the Applicants Activity (See Part I.B.3.e.(2)(c)).
The applicant's construction activities are authorized through the
issuance of a permit under section 10 of the ESA and that authorization
addresses the effects of the applicant's storm water discharge(s) and
storm water discharge-related activities on listed species and critical
habitat. Applicants must follow FWS and/or NMFS procedures when
applying for an ESA Section 10 permit (see 50 CFR section
17.22(b)(1)(FWS) and section 222.22(NMFS)). Application instructions
for section 10 permits for NMFS species can be obtained by (1)
accessing the ``Office of Protected Resources'' sector of the NMFS Home
Page at ``http://www.nmfs.gov'' or (2) by contacting the National
Marine Fisheries Service, Office of Protected Resources, Endangered
Species Division, F/PR3,1315 East-West Highway, Silver Spring, Maryland
20910, telephone (301) 713-1401, fax (301) 713-0376.
3. The Applicant is Covered Under the Eligibility Certification of
Another Operator for the Project Area (See Part I.B.3.e.(2)(d)).
The applicant's storm water discharges and storm water discharge-
related activities were already addressed in another operator's
certification of eligibility under Part I.B.3.e.(2)(b), or (c) which
also included the applicant's project area. By certifying eligibility
under Part I.B.3.e.(2)(d), the applicant agrees to comply with any
measures or controls upon which the other operator's certification
under Part I.B.3.e.(2)(a), (b) or (c) was based. Certification under
Part I.B.3.e.(2)(d) is discussed in more detail in section I.A. of this
addendum.
The applicant must comply with any terms and conditions imposed
under the eligibility requirements of paragraphs I.B.3.e(2)(a), (b),
(c), (d) to ensure that its storm waters discharges and storm water
discharge-related activities are protective of listed species and/or
critical habitat. Such terms and conditions must be incorporated in the
project's SWPPP. If the eligibility requirements of Part
I.B.3.e.(2)(a)-(d) cannot be met, then the applicant may not receive
coverage under the CGP. Applicants should then consider applying to EPA
for an individual permit.
II. List of Fish and Wildlife Service and National Marine Fisheries
Service Offices
A. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Offices
National Website for Endangered Species Information
Endangered Species Home page: http://www.fws.gov/
r9endspp/endspp.html.
Regional, State, Field and Project Offices
Region 1
Regional Office
Division Chief, Endangered Species, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service,
ARD Ecological Services, 911 NE 11 Avenue, Portland, OR 97232-4181,
(503) 231-6121
State, Field and Project Offices
Field Supervisor, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, P.O. Box 50088,
300 Ala Moana Blvd., Rm 3108, Honolulu, HI 96850
Field Supervisor, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Upper Columbia R.
Basin F&W Office, 11103 East Montgomery Drive, Ste 2, Spokane, WA
99306
State Supervisor, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Oregon Fish and
Wildlife Office, 2600 S.E 98th Avenue, Suite 100, Portland, OR 97266
Field Supervisor, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Snake River Basin
F&W Office, 1387 South Vinnell Way, Room 368, Boise, ID 83709
State Supervisor, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Nevada State
Office, 4600 Kietzke Lane, Building C, Rm. 125, Reno, NV 89502-5093
State Supervisor, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Western Washington
F&W Office, 510 Desmond Dr., Suite 102, Lacey, WA 98503-1273
Field Supervisor, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Klamath Falls F&W
Office, 6600 Washburn Way, Klamath Falls, OR 97603
Field Supervisor, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Klamath River F&W
Office, 1215 South Main, Suite 212, Yreka, CA 96097-1006
Field Supervisor, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Carlsbad Fish and
Wildlife Office, 2730 Loker Avenue West, Carlsbad, CA 92008
Field Supervisor, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ventura Field
Office, 2493 Portola Road, Suite B, Ventura, CA 93003
Project Leader, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Coastal California
Fish and
[[Page 7921]]
Wildlife Office, 1125 16th St., Rm. 209, Arcata, CA 95521-5582
Project Leader, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Northern Central
Valley F&W Office, 10959 Tyler Road, Red Bluff, CA 96080
State Supervisor, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, California State
Office, 3310 El Camino Avenue, Suite 120, Sacramento, CA 95821-6340
Field Supervisor, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Sacramento Fish &
Wildlife Office, 3310 El Camino Avenue, Suite 120, Sacramento, CA
95821-6340
Region 2
Regional Office
Division Chief, Endangered Species, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service,
ARD Ecological Services, P.O. Box 1306, Albuquerque, NM 87103
State, Field, and Project Offices
Field Supervisor, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Corpus Christi
Field Office, 6300 Ocean Dr., Campus Box 338, Corpus Christi, TX
78412
Field Supervisor, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Arlington Field
Office, 711 Stadium Dr., East, Suite 252, Arlington, TX 76011
Field Supervisor, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Clear Lake Field
Office, 17629 El Camino Real, Suite 211, Houston, TX 77058
Field Supervisor, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Oklahoma Field
Office, 222 S. Houston, Suite A, Tulsa, OK 74127
Field Supervisor, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, New Mexico Field
Office, 2105 Osuna, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87113
Field Supervisor, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Austin Ecological
Serv. Field Office, 10711 Burnet Road, Suite 200, Austin, TX 78758
Field Supervisor, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Arizona State
Office, 2321 W. Royal Palm Road, Suite 103, Phoenix, AZ 85021-4951
Region 3
Regional Office
Division Chief, Endangered Species, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service,
ARD Ecological Service, BHW Federal Bldg, 1 Federal Drive, Fort
Snelling, MN 55111-4056
State, Field, and Project Offices
Field Supervisor, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Chicago, Illinois
Field Office, 1000 Hart Rd., Suite 180, Barrington, IL 60010
Field Supervisor, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, East Lansing Field
Office, 2651 Coolidge Road, East Lansing, MI 48823
Field Supervisor, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Reynoldsburg Field
Office, 6950 Americana Parkway, Suite H, Reynoldsburg, OH 43068-4132
Field Supervisor, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Bloomington Field
Office, 620 South Walker Street, Bloomington, IN 47403-2121
Field Supervisor, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Twin Cities E.S.
Field Office, 4101 East 80th Street, Bloomington, MN 55425-1665
Field Supervisor, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Columbia Field
Office, 608 East Cherry Street, Room 200, Columbia, MO 65201-7712
Field Supervisor, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Green Bay Field
Office, 1015 Challenger Court, Green Bay, WI 54311-8331
Field Supervisor, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Rock Island Field
Office, 4469 48th Avenue Court, Rock Island, IL 61201
Field Supervisor, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Marion Suboffice,
Route 3, Box 328, Marion, IL 62959-4565
Region 4
Regional Office
Division Chief, Endangered Species, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service,
ARD Ecological Services, 1875 Century Blvd., Suite 200, Atlanta, GA
30345
State, Field, and Project Offices
Field Supervisor, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Panama City Field
Office, 1612 June Avenue, Panama City, FL 32405-3721
Field Supervisor, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, South Florida
Ecosystem Field Office, 1360 U.S. Hwy 1, #5; P.O. Box 2676, Vero
Beach, FL 32961-2676
Field Supervisor, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Caribbean Field
Office, P.O. Box 491, Boqueron, PR 00622
Field Supervisor, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Puerto Rican
Parrot Field Office, P.O. Box 1600, Rio Grande, PR 00745
Field Supervisor, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Brunswick Field
Office, 4270 Norwich Street, Brunswick, GA 31520-2523
Field Supervisor, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Jacksonville Field
Office, 6620 Southpoint Drive S., Suite 310, Jacksonville, FL 32216-
0912
Field Supervisor, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Charleston Field
Office, 217 Ft. Johnson Road, P.O. Box 12559, Charleston, SC 29422-
2559
Field Supervisor, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Clemson F.O.,
Dept. of Forest Resources, 261 Lehotsky Hall, Box 341003, Clemson,
SC 29634-1003
Field Supervisor, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ralph Field
Office, P.O. Box 33726, Raleigh, NC 27636-3726
Field Supervisor, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Cookeville Field
Office, 446 Neal Street, Cookeville, TN 38501
Field Supervisor, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Asheville Field
Office, 160 Zillicoa Street, Ashevile, NC 28801
Field Supervisor, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Daphne Field
Office, P.O. Drawer 1190, Daphne, AL 36526
Field Supervisor, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Vicksburg Field
Office, 2524 S. Frontage Road, Suite B, Vicksburg, MS 39180-5269
Field Supervisor, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Lafayette Field
Office, Brandywine II, Suite 102, 825 Kaliste Saloom Road,
Lafayette, LA 70508
Field Supervisor, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Jackson Field
Office, 6578 Dogwood View Pkwy, Suite A, Jackson, MS 39213
Region 5
Regional Office
Division Chief, Endangered Species, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service,
ARD Ecological Services, 300 Westgate Center Drive, Hadley, MA
01035-9589
State, Field and Project Offices
Project Leader, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Delaware Bay Estuary
Project, 2610 Whitehall Neck Road, Smyrna, DE 19977
Project Leader, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Southern New
England/NYBCE Program, Shoreline Plaza, Route 1A, P.O. Box 307,
Charlestown, RI 02813
Project Leader, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Gulf of Maine
Project, 4 R Fundy Road, Falmouth, ME 04105
Project Leader, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Chesapeake Bay Field
Office, 177 Admiral Cochrane Drive, Annapolis, Maryland 21401
Project Leader, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Virginia Field
Office, P.O. Box 99, 6669 Short Lane, Gloucester, VA 23061
Project Leader, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Southwestern
Virginia Field Office, P.O. Box 2345, Abingdon, VA 24212
Project Leader, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, New England Field
Office, 22 Bridge St., Unit #1, Concord, New Hampshire 03301-4986
Project Leader, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Main Field Office,
1033 South Main St., Old Town, Maine 04468
Project Leader, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Rhode Island Field
Office, Shoreline Plaza, Route 1A; P.O. Box 307, Charlestown, Rhode
Island 02813
Project Leader, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Vermont Field
Office, 11 Lincoln Street, Winston Prouty Federal Building, Essex
Junction, VT 05452
Project Leader, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, New Jersey Field
Office, 927 North Main St., Bldg. D1, Pleasantville, New Jersey
08232
Project Leader, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, New York Field
Office, 3817 Luker Road, Cortland, New York 13045
Project Leader, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Long Island Field
Office, P.O. Box 608, Islip, New York 11751-0608
Project Leader, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Pennsylvania Field
Office, 315 S. Allen St., Suite 322, State College, Pennsylvania
16801
Project Leader, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Eastern Pennsylvania
Field Office, 11 Hap Arnold Boulevard, Box H, Tobyhanna,
Pennsylvania 18466-0080
Project Leader, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, West Virginia Field
Office, Route 250, S--Elkins Shopping Plaza, Elkins, West Virginia
26241
Region 6
Regional Office
Division Chief, Endangered Species, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service,
ARD Ecological Services, P.O. Box 25486, DFC, Denver, CO 80225
[[Page 7922]]
State, Field, and Project Offices
Field Supervisor, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Montana Field
Office, 100 N. Park, Suite 320, Helena, MT 59601
Sub-Office Supervisor, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Billings Sub-
Office, 2900 4th Ave., North, Rm 301, Billings, MT 59101
Sub-Office Supervisor, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Kalispell
Sub-Office, 780 Creston Hatchery Road, Kalispell, MT 59901
Grizzly Bear Recovery Coordinator, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service,
Forestry Sciences Lab, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812
Field Supervisor, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, North Dakota Field
Office, 1500 Capitol Avenue, Bismarck, ND 58501
Field Supervisor, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Nebraska Field
Office, 203 W. 2nd Street, Federal Bldg., 2nd Floor, Grand Island,
NE 68801
Field Supervisor, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Kansas Field
Office, 315 Houston, Suite E, Manhattan, KS 66502
Field Supervisor, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, South Dakota Field
Office, 420 S. Garfield Ave., Suite 400, Pierre, SD 57501-5408
Field Supervisor, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Salt Lake City
Field Office, Lincoln Plaza, 145 East 1300 South, Suite 404, Salt
Lake City, UT 84115
Field Supervisor, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Colorado Field
Office, 730 Simms, Suite 290, Golden, CO 80401-4798
Field Supervisor, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Western Colorado
Field Office, 764 Horizon Drive South, Annex A, Grand Junction, CO
81506-3946
Field Supervisor, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Wyoming Field
Office, 4000 Morrie Avenue, Cheyenne, WY 82001
E.S. Coordinator, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Rocky Mountain
Arsenal, National Wildlife Area, Building 111, Commerce City, CO
80022-1748
Colorado River Recovery Coordinator, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service,
P.O. Box 25486, DFC, Denver, CO 80225
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Laramie Black Footed Ferret Office,
410 Grand Ave., Suite 315, Laramie, WY 80270
Region 7
Regional Office
Division Chief, Endangered Species, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service,
ARD Ecological Services, 1011 E. Tudor Road, Anchorage, AK 99503
State, Field, and Project Offices
Field Supervisor, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological
Services, 605 West 4th Avenue, Room G-62, Anchorage, AK 99501
Field Supervisor, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological
Services, 101 12th Avenue, Box 19 (Room 232), Fairbanks, AK 99701
Field Supervisor, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ketchikan Sub-
office, 103 Main Street, P.O. Box 3193, Ketchikan, AK 99901
Field Supervisor, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological
Services, 300 Vintage Blvd., Suite 201, Juneau, AK 99801
Region 8
Has not yet been created out of the other U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service Regions at the time of this posting.
Region 9
Janet Ady--Outreach, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National
Conservation Training Center, Route 3, Box 49, Kearneysville, WV
25430
Dan Benfield--Training, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National
Conservation Training Center, Route 3, Box 49, Kearneysville, WV
25430
B. National Marine Fisheries Service Offices
The National Marine Fisheries Service is a developing a database to
provide county and territorial water (up to three miles offshore)
information on the presence of endangered and threatened species and
critical habitat. the database is projected to be available to the
public early 1998. The database should be found at the ``Office of
Protected Resources'' site on the NMFS homepage at ``http://
www.nmfs.gov''.
Regional and Field Offices
Northeast Region
Protected Resources Program, National Marine Fisheries Service,
Northeast Region, One Blackburn Drive, Gloucester, Massachusetts
01930
Milford Field Office, National Marine Fisheries Service, 212 Rogers
Avenue, Milford, Connecticut 06460
Oxford Field Office, National Marine Fisheries Service, 904 So.
Morris Street, Oxford, Maryland 21654
Sandy Hook Field Office, James J. Howard Marine Sciences,
Laboratory, National Marine Fisheries Service, 74 Magruder Road,
Highlands, New Jersey 07732
Protected Species Branch, National Marine Fisheries Service,
Northeast Fisheries Science Center, 166 Water Street, Woods Hole,
Massachusetts 02543
Southeast Region
Protective Species Management Branch, National Marine Fisheries
Service, Southeast Region, 9721 Executive Center Drive, St.
Petersburg, Florida 33702-2432
Northwest Region
Protected Species Division, National Marine Fisheries Service,
Northwest Region, 525 NE Oregon, Suite 500, Portland, Oregon 97232-
2737
Boise Field Office, National Marine Fisheries Service, 1387 S.
Vinnel Way, Suite 377, Boise, Idaho 83709
Olympia Field Office, National Marine Fisheries Service, 510 Desmond
Drive, SE, Suite 103, Lacey, Washington 98503
Roseburg Field Office, National Marine Fisheries Service, 2900
Stewart Parkway, NW., Roseburg, Oregon 97470
Rufus Field Office, National Marine Fisheries Service, P.O. Box 67,
704 ``E'' 1st, Rufus, Oregon 97050
Southwest Region
Protected Species Management Division, Southwest Region, National
Marine Fisheries Service, 501 West Ocean Blvd., Suite 4200, Long
Beach, California 90802-4213
Arcata Field Office, National Marine Fisheries Service, 1125 16th
Street, Room 209, Arcata, California 95521
Eureka Field Office, National Marine Fisheries Service, 1330
Bayshore Way, Eureka, California 95501
Pacific Island Area Field Office, National Marine Fisheries Service,
2570 Dole Street, Room 106, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822-2396
Santa Rosa Field Office, Protected Resources Program, National
Marine Fisheries Service, 777 Sonoma Avenue, Room 325, Santa Rosa,
California 95404
Alaska Region
Protected Resources Management Division, Alaska Region, National
Marine Fisheries Service, 709 West 9th Street, Federal Building 461,
P.O. Box 21767, Juneau, Alaska 99802
Anchorage Office, 222 West 7th Avenue, Box 10, Anchorage, Alaska
99513-7577
III. Natural Heritage Centers
The Natural Heritage Network comprises 85 biodiversity data centers
throughout the Western Hemisphere. These centers collect, organize, and
share data relating to endangered and threatened species and habitat.
The network was developed to inform land-use decisions for developers,
corporations, conservationists, and government agencies and is also
consulted for research and educational purposes. The centers maintain a
Natural Heritage Network Control Server Website (http://
www.heritage.tnc.org) which provides website and other access to a
large number of specific biodiversity centers. Some of these centers
are listed below:
Alabama Natural Heritage Program
Huntingdon College, Massey Hall, 1500 East Fairview Avenue,
Montgomery, AL 36106-2148, (334) 834-4519, Fax: (334) 834-5439,
Internet: [email protected], com
Alaska Natural Heritage Program
University of Alaska Anchorage, 707 A Street, Anchorage, AK 99501,
907/257-2702, Fax: 907/258-9139, Program Director: David Duffy, 257-
2707, Internet: afdcd1@orion.alaska.edu
Arizona Heritage Data Management System
Arizona Game & Fish Department, WM-H, 2221 W. Greenway Road,
Phoenix, AZ 85023, 602/789-3612, Fax: 602/789-3928, Internet:
hdms@gf.state.az.us, Internet: hdms1@gf.state.az.us
Arkansas Natural Heritage Commission
Suite 1500 Tower Building, 323 Center Street, Little Rock, AR 72201,
501/324-9150, Fax: 501/324-9618,
Director: Harold K. Grimmett, -9614
[[Page 7923]]
California Natural Heritage Division
Department of Fish & Game, 1220 S Street, Sacramento, CA 95814,
5916/322-2493, Fax: 916/324-0475
Colorado Natural Heritage Program
Colorado State University, 254 General Services Building, Fort
Collins, CO 80523, 970/491-1309, Fax: 970/491-3349
Connecticut Natural Diversity Database
Natural Resources Center, Department of Environmental Protection,
579 Elm Street, Store Level, Hartford, CT 06106-5127, 860/424-3540,
Fax: 860/424-4058
Delaware Natural Heritage Program
Division of Fish & Wildlife, Department of Natural Resources &
Environmental Control, 4876 Hay Point Landing Road, Smyrna, DE
19977, 302/653-2880, Fax: 302/653-3431
District of Columbia Natural Heritage Program
13025 Riley's Lock Road, Poolesville, MD 20837, 301/427-1320, Fax:
301/427-1355
Florida Natural Areas Inventory
1018 Thomasville Road, Suite 200-C, Tallahassee, FL 32303, 904/224-
8207, Fax: 904/681-9364
Florida Natural Areas Inventory
Eglin Air Force Base, P.O. Box 1150, Niceville, FL 32588, 904/883-
6451, Fax: 904/682-8381
Georgia Natural Heritage Program
Wildlife Resources Division, Georgia Department of Natural
Resources, 2117 U.S. Highway 278 S.E., Social Circle, GA 30279, 706/
557-3032 or 770/918-6411, Fax: 706/557-3033 or 706/557-3040,
Internet: natural __heritage@mail.dnr.state.ga.us
Hawaii Natural Heritage Program
The Nature Conservancy of Hawaii, 1116 Smith Street, Suite 201,
Honolulu, HI 96817, 808/537-4508, Fax: 808/545-2019
Idaho Conservation Data Center
Department of Fish & Game, 600 South Walnut Street, Box 25, Boise,
ID 83707-0025, 208/334-3402, Fax: 208/334-2114
Illinois Natural Heritage Division
Department of Natural Resources, Division of Natural Heritage, 524
South Second Street, Springfield, IL 62701-1787, 217/785-8774, Fax:
217/785-8277
Illinois Nature Preserves Commission
Director: Carolyn Grosboll, Deputy Dir/Steward: Randy Heidorn,
Deputy Dir/Protect: Don McFall, Office Specialist: Karen Tish, 217/
785-8774, Fax: 217/785-8277
Indiana Natural Heritage Data Center
Division of Nature Preserves, Department of Natural Resources, 402
West Washington Street, Room W267, Indianapolis, IN 46204, 317/232-
4052, Fax: 317/233-0133
Iowa Natural Areas Inventory
Department of Natural Resources, Wallace State Office Building, Des
Moines, IA 50319-0034, Fax: 515/281-6794, Coordinator/Zoologist:
Daryl Howell, 515/281-8524
Kansas Natural Heritage Inventory
Kansas Biological Survey, 2041 Constant Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66047-
2906, 913/864-3453, Fax: 913/864-5093
Kentucky Natural Heritage Program
Kentucky State Nature Preserves, Commission, 801 Schenkel Lane,
Frankfort, KY 40601, 502/573-2886, Fax: 502/573-2355
Louisiana Natural Heritage Program
Department of Wildlife & Fisheries, P.O. Box 98000, Baton Rouge, LA
70898-9000, 504/765-2821, Fax: 504/765-2607
Maine Natural Areas Program
Department of Conservation, (FedEx/UPS: 159 Hospital Street), 93
State House Station, Augusta, ME 04333-0093, 207/287-8044, Fax: 207/
287-8040, Internet: mnap@state.me.us, Web site: http://
www.state.me.us/doc/mnap/home.htm
Maryland Heritage & Biodiversity Conservation Programs
Department of Natural Resources, Tawes State Office Building, E-1,
Annapolis, MD 21401, 410/260-8540, Fax: 410/260-8595, Web site:
http://www.heritage.tnc.org/nhp/us/md/
Massachusetts Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program
Division of Fisheries & Wildlife, Route 135, Westborough, MA 01581,
508/792-7270 ext. 200, Fax: 508/792-7275
Michigan Natural Features Inventory
Mason Building, 5th floor, (FedEx/UPS: 530 W. Allegan, 48933), Box
30444, Lansing, MI 48909-7944, 517/373-1552, Fax: 517/373-6705,
Director: Leni Wilsmann, 373-7565, Internet:
wilsmanl@wildlife.dnr.state.mi.us
Minnesota Natural Heritage & Nongame Research
Department of Natural Resources, 500 Lafayette Road, Box 7, St Paul,
MN 55155, 612/297-4964, Fax: 612/297-4961
Mississippi Natural Heritage Program
Museum of Natural Science, 111 North Jefferson Street, Jackson, MS
39201-2897, 601/354-7303, Fax: 601/354-7227
Missouri Natural Heritage Database
Missouri Department of Conservation, P.O. Box 180, (FedEx: 2901 West
Truman Blvd), Jefferson City, MO 65102-0180, 573/751-4115, Fax: 573/
526-5582
Montana Natural Heritage Program
State Library Building, 1515 E. 6th Avenue, Helena, MT 59620, 406/
444-3009, Fax: 406/444-0581, Internet: [email protected],msl,mt.gov,
Homepage/World Wide Web: http://nris.msl.mt.gov/mtnhp/nhp-dir.html
Navajo Natural Heritage Program
P.O. Box 1480, Window Rock, Navajo Nation, AZ 86515, (520) 871-7603,
(520) 871-7069 (Fax)
Nebraska Natural Heritage Program
Game and Parks Commission, 2200 North 33rd Street, P.O. Box 30370,
Lincoln, NE 68503, 402/471-5421, Fax: 402/471-5528
Nevada Natural Heritage Program
Department of Conservation & Natural, Resources, 1550 E. College
Parkway, Suite 145, Carson City, NV 89706-7921, 702/687-4245, Fax:
702/885-0868
New Hampshire Natural Heritage Inventory
Department of Resources & Economic, Development, 172 Pembroke
Street, P.O. Box 1856, Concord, NH 03302, 603/271-3623, Fax: 603/
271-2629
New York Natural Heritage Program
Department of Environmental Conservation, 700 Troy-Schenectady Road,
Latham, NY 12110-2400, 518/783-3932, Fax: 518/783-3916, Computer:
518/783-3946
North Carolina Heritage Program
NC Department of Environment, Health & Natural Resources, Division
of Parks & Recreation, P.O. Box 27687, Raleigh, NC 27611-7687, 919-
733-4181, Fax: 919/715-3085
North Dakota Natural Heritage Inventory
North Dakota Parks & Recreation Department, 1835 Bismarck
Expressway, Bismarck, ND 58504, 701/328-5357, Fax: 701/328-5363
Ohio Natural Heritage Data Base
Division of Natural Areas & Preserves, Department of Natural
Resources, 1889 Fountain Square, Building F-1, Columbus, OH 43224,
614/265-6453, Fax: 614/267-3096
Oklahoma Natural Heritage Inventory
Oklahoma Biological Survey, 111 East Chesapeake Street, University
of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019-0575, 405/325-1985, Fax: 405/325-7702,
Web site: http://obssun02.uoknor.edu/biosurvey/onhi/home.html
Oregon Natural Heritage Program
Oregon Field Office, 821 SE 14th Avenue, Portland, OR 97214, 503/
731-3070; 230-1221, Fax: 503/230-9639
Pennsylvania Natural Diversity Inventory (East, West, Central)
*Pennsylvania Natural Diversity Inventory--East
The Nature Conservancy, 34 Airport Drive, Middletown, PA 17057, 717/
948-3962, Fax: 717/948-3957
*Pennsylvania Natural Diversity Inventory--West
Western Pennsylvania Conservancy, Natural Areas Program, 316 Fourth
Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15222, 412/288-2777, Fax: 412/281-1792
[[Page 7924]]
*Pennsylvania Natural Diversity Inventory--Central
Bureau of Forestry, P.O. Box 8552, Harrisburg, PA 17105-8552, 717/
783-0388, Fax: 717/783-5109
Puerto Rico Natural Heritage Program
Division de Patrimonio Natural, Area de Planificacion Integral,
Departamento de Recursos Naturales y Ambientales de Puerto Rico,
P.O. Box 5887, Puerta de Tierra, Puerto Rico 00906, Tel: 787-722-
1726, Fax: 787-725-9526
Rhode Island Natural Heritage Program
Department of Environmental Management, Division of Planning &
Development, 83 Park Street, Providence, RI 02903, 401/277-2776,
x4308, Fax: 401/277-2069
South Carolina Heritage Trust
SC Department of Natural Resources, P.O. Box 167, Columbia, SC
29202, 803/734-3893, Fax: 803/734-6310 (Call first)
South Dakota Natural Heritage Data Base
SD Department of Game, Fish & Parks, Wildlife Division, 523 E.
Capitol Avenue, Pierre, SD 57501-3182, 605/773-4227, Fax: 605/773-
6224
Tennessee Division of Natural Heritage
Department of Environment & Conservation, 401 Church Street, Life
and Casualty Tower, 8th Floor, Nashville, TN 37243-0447, 615/532-
0431, Fax: 615/532-0614
Texas Biological and Conservation Data System
3000 South IH-35, Suite 100, Austin, TX 78704, 512/912-7011, Fax:
512/912-7058
U.S. Virgin Islands Conservation Data Center
Eastern Caribbean Center, University of the Virgin Islands, No. 2
John Brewers Bay, St. Thomas, VI 00802, (809) 693-1030 [Voice],
(809) 693-1025 [Fax], Home Page: cdc.uvi.edu, E-Mail: dbarry@uvi.edu
Utah Natural Heritage Program
Division of Wildlife Resources, 1596 West North Temple, Salt Lake
City, UT 84116, 801/538-4761, Fax: 801/538-4709
Vermont Nongame & Natural Heritage Program
Vermont Fish & Wildlife Department, 103 S. Main Street, 10 South,
Waterbury, VT 05671-0501, 802/241-3700, Fax: 802/241-3295
Virginia Division of Natural Heritage
Department of Conservation & Recreation, Main Street Station, 1500
E. Main Street, Suite 312, Richmond, VA 23219, 804/786-7951, Fax:
804/371-2674
Washington Natural Heritage Program
Department of Natural Resources, (FedEx: 1111 Washington Street,
SE), P.O. Box 47016, Olympia, WA 98504-7016, 360/902-1340, Fax: 360/
902-1783
West Virginia Natural Heritage Program
Department of Natural Resources, Operations Center, Ward Road, P.O.
Box 67, Elkins, WV 26241, 304/637-0245, Fax: 304/637-0250
Wisconsin Natural Heritage Program
Endangered Resources, Department of Natural Resources, 101 S.
Webster Street, Box 7921, Madison, WI 53707, 608/266-7012, Fax: 608/
266-2925
Wyoming Natural Diversity Database
1604 Grand Avenue, Suite 2, Laramie, WY 82070, 307/745-5026, Fax:
307/745-5026 (Call first), Internet: wyndd@lariat.org''
IV. County/Species List
[The following list identifies federally listed or proposed U.S. species by State and County. It has been
updated through September 1, 1997. Note: Species listed below with a status of both E and T are generally either
endangered or threatened within the specified county. The assignment of two status designations for a species in
a specific county is a function of the data set used to develop this list. For purposes of this permit, however,
the obligation to assess the impact of storm water discharges on listed species does not vary based on which of
the two statuses (e.g., endangered threatened) is assigned (see Addendum A Instructions). Designation of
critical habitat (CH) does not mean that the county constitutes critical habitat, only that critical habitat has
been designated for that species (see Addendum A Instructions).]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Action/
State/County Group name Inverse name Scientific name Status
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ALASKA
ALEUTIAN ISLANDS............. BIRDS................ GOOSE, ALEUTIAN Branta canadensis L, T
CANADA. leucopareia.
ALEUTIAN ISLANDS............. PLANTS............... FERN, ALEUTIAN SHIELD Polystichum L, E
aleuticum.
ALEUTIANS, EAST.............. BIRDS................ EIDER, STELLER'S..... Polysticta stelleri. L, T
ALEUTIANS, WEST.............. BIRDS................ EIDER, STELLER'S..... Polysticta stelleri. L, T
ANCHORAGE AREA............... BIRDS................ FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FAIRBANKS AREA............... BIRDS................ FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
KENAI PENINSULA.............. BIRDS................ FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MATANUSKA SUSITNA............ BIRDS................ FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
NORTH SLOPE.................. BIRDS................ CURLEW, ESKIMO....... Numenius borealis... L, E
EIDER, SPECTACLED.... Somateria fischeri.. L, T
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
NORTHWEST ARCTIC............. BIRDS................ EIDER, SPECTACLED.... Somateria fischeri.. L, T
UNORGANIZED BOROUGH.......... BIRDS................ EIDER, SPECTACLED.... Somateria fischeri.. L, T
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
AMERICAN SAMOA
AMERICAN SAMOA............... REPTILES............. TURTLE, GREEN SEA.... Chelonia mydas...... L, E, T
TURTLE, HAWKSBILL SEA Eretmochelys L, E, CH
imbricata.
ARIZONA
APACHE....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
OWL, MEXICAN SPOTTED. Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
lucida.
FISHES............... MINNOW, LOACH........ Tiaroga cobitis..... L, T, CH
SPINEDACE, LITTLE Lepidomeda vittata.. L, T, CH
COLORADO.
TROUT, APACHE........ Salmo apache........ L, T
PLANTS............... FLEABANE, ZUNI....... Erigeron rhizomatus. L, T
SEDGE, NAVAJO........ Carex specuicola.... L, T, CH
COCHISE...................... AMPHIBIANS........... SALAMANDER, SONORA Ambystoma tigrinum.. L, E
TIGER.
BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, NORTHERN Falco femoralis L, E
APLOMADO. septentrionalis.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FLYCATCHER, Empiodonax traillii L, E
SOUTHWESTERN WILLOW. extimus.
OWL, MEXICAN SPOTTED. Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
lucida.
FISHES............... CATFISH, YAQUI....... Ictalurus pricei.... L, T, CH
CHUB, YAQUI.......... Gila purpurea....... L, E, CH
PUPFISH, DESERT...... Cyprinodon L, E, CH
macularius.
SHINER, BEAUTIFUL.... Notropis formosus... L, T, CH
TOPMINNOW, GILA Poeciliopsis L, E
(YAQUI). occidentalis.
[[Page 7925]]
MAMMALS.............. BAT, LESSER Leptonycteris L, E
(=SANBORN'S) LONG- sanborni.
NOSED.
JAGUARUNDI........... Felis yagouaroundi L, E
tolteca.
OCELOT............... Felis pardalis...... L, E
WOLF, GRAY........... Canis lupus......... L, E, T, CH
PLANTS............... CACTUS, COCHISE Coryphantha L, T
PINCUSHION. robbinsorum
(=Cochiseia r.,
Escobaria r.).
LADIES'-TRESSES, Spiranthes P, E
CANELO HILLS. delitescens.
REPTILES............. RATTLESNAKE, NEW Crotalus willardi L, T, CH
MEXICAN RIDGE-NOSED. obscurus.
COCONINO..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
OWL, MEXICAN SPOTTED. Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
lucida.
FISHES............... CHUB, HUMPBACK....... Gila cypha.......... L, E, CH
SPINEDACE, LITTLE Lepidomeda vittata.. L, T
COLORADO.
SUCKER, RAZORBACK.... Xyrauchen texanus... L, E, CH
MAMMALS.............. VOLE, HUALAPAI Microtus mexicanus L, E
MEXICAN. hualpaiensis.
PLANTS............... CACTUS, BRADY Pediocactus bradyi.. L, E
PINCUSHION.
CACTUS, SILER Pediocactus sileri.. L, T
PINCUSHION.
GROUNDSEL, SAN Senecio franciscanus L, T, CH
FRANCISCO PEAKS.
MILK-VETCH, SENTRY... Astragalus L, E
cremnophylax var
cremnophylax.
MILKWEED, WELSH'S.... Asclepias welshii... L, T, CH
SEDGE, NAVAJO........ Carex specuicola.... L, T, CH
SNAILS............... AMBERSNAIL, KANAB.... Oxyloma haydeni L, E
kanabensis.
GILA......................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FLYCATCHER, Empiodonax traillii L, E
SOUTHWESTERN WILLOW. extimus.
FISHES............... MINNOW, LOACH........ Tiaroga cobitis..... L, T, CH
SQUAWFISH, COLORADO.. Ptychocheilus lucius L, E, CH
SUCKER, RAZORBACK.... Xyrauchen texanus... L, E, CH
TOPMINNOW, GILA Poeciliopsis L, E
(YAQUI). occidentalis.
PLANTS............... AGAVE, ARIZONA....... Agave arizonica..... L, E
CACTUS, ARIZONA Echinocereus L, E
HEDGEHOG. triglochidiatus var
arizonicus.
GRAHAM....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
OWL, MEXICAN SPOTTED. Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
lucida.
PYGMY-OWL, CACTUS Glaucidiumbrasilianu L, E
FERRUGINOUS. m cactorum.
FISHES............... MINNOW, LOACH........ Tiaroga cobitis..... L, T, CH
PUPFISH, DESERT...... Cyprinodon L, E, CH
macularius.
SPIKEDACE............ Meda fulgida........ L, T, CH
SUCKER, RAZORBACK.... Xyrauchen texanus... L, E, CH
TOPMINNOW, GILA Poeciliopsis L, E
(YAQUI). occidentalis.
TROUT, APACHE........ Salmo apache........ L, T
MAMMALS.............. BAT, LESSER Leptonycteris L, E
(=SANBORN'S) LONG- sanborni.
NOSED.
JAGUARUNDI........... Felis yagouaroundi L, E
tolteca.
OCELOT............... Felis pardalis...... L, E
SQUIRREL, MOUNT Tamiasciurus L, E, CH
GRAHAM RED. hudsonicus
grahamensis.
PLANTS............... CLIFFROSE, ARIZONA... Cowania subintegra.. L, E
GREENLEE..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
OWL, MEXICAN SPOTTED. Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
lucida.
FISHES............... MINNOW, LOACH........ Tiaroga cobitis..... L, T, CH
SPIKEDACE............ Meda fulgida........ L, T, CH
SUCKER, RAZORBACK.... Xyrauchen texanus... L, E, CH
TROUT, APACHE........ Salmo apache........ L, T
LA PAZ....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
RAIL, YUMA CLAPPER... Rallus longirostris L, E
yumanensis.
FISHES............... CHUB, BONYTAIL....... Gila elegans........ L, E, CH
PUPFISH, DESERT...... Cyprinodon L, E, CH
macularius.
SUCKER, RAZORBACK.... Xyrauchen texanus... L, E, CH
MARICOPA..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
OWL, MEXICAN SPOTTED. Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
lucida.
PYGMY-OWL, CACTUS Glaucidiumbrasilianu L, E
FERRUGINOUS. m cactorum.
RAIL, YUMA CLAPPER... Rallus longirostris L, E
yumanensis.
FISHES............... PUPFISH, DESERT...... Cyprinodon L, E, CH
macularius.
TOPMINNOW, GILA Poeciliopsis L, E
(YAQUI). occidentalis.
MAMMALS.............. BAT, LESSER Leptonycteris L, E
(=SANBORN'S) LONG- sanborni.
NOSED.
PRONGHORN, SONORAN... Antilocapra L, E
americana
sonoriensis.
PLANTS............... AGAVE, ARIZONA....... Agave arizonica..... L, E
CACTUS, ARIZONA Echinocereus L, E
HEDGEHOG. triglochidiatus var
arizonicus.
CLIFFROSE, ARIZONA... Cowania subintegra.. L, E
[[Page 7926]]
MOHAVE....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
OWL, MEXICAN SPOTTED. Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
lucida.
RAIL, YUMA CLAPPER... Rallus longirostris L, E
yumanensis.
FISHES............... CHUB, BONYTAIL....... Gila elegans........ L, E, CH
CHUB, HUMPBACK....... Gila cypha.......... L, E, CH
CHUB, VIRGIN RIVER... Gila robusta L, E
seminuda.
SUCKER, RAZORBACK.... Xyrauchen texanus... L, E, CH
MAMMALS.............. VOLE, HUALAPAI Microtus mexicanus L, E
MEXICAN. hualpaiensis.
PLANTS............... CACTUS, SILER Pediocactus sileri.. L, T
PINCUSHION.
CLIFFROSE, ARIZONA... Cowania subintegra.. L, E
CYCLADENIA, JONES.... Cycladenia humilis L, T
var jonesii.
REPTILES............. TORTOISE, DESERT..... Gopherus L, T, CH
(=Xerobates,
=Scaptochelys)
agassizii.
SNAILS............... AMBERSNAIL, KANAB.... Oxyloma haydeni L, E
kanabensis.
NAVAJO....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
OWL, MEXICAN SPOTTED. Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
lucida.
FISHES............... CHUB, HUMPBACK....... Gila cypha.......... L, E, CH
MINNOW, LOACH........ Tiaroga cobitis..... L, T, CH
SPINEDACE, LITTLE Lepidomeda vittata.. L, T
COLORADO.
TROUT, APACHE........ Salmo apache........ L, T
MAMMALS.............. JAGUAR............... Panthera onca....... L, E
PLANTS............... CACTUS, PEEBLES Pediocactus L, E
NAVAJO. peeblesianus var
peeblesianus.
GRASS, PARISH'S Puccinellia parishii P, E
ALKALI.
SEDGE, NAVAJO........ Carex specuicola.... L, T, CH
PIMA......................... BIRDS................ BOBWHITE, MASKED..... Colinus virginianus L, E
ridgwayi.
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
OWL, MEXICAN SPOTTED. Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
lucida.
PYGMY-OWL, CACTUS Glaucidiumbrasilianu L, E
FERRUGINOUS. m cactorum.
FISHES............... PUPFISH, DESERT...... Cyprinodon L, E, CH
macularius.
TOPMINNOW, GILA Poeciliopsis L, E
(YAQUI). occidentalis.
MAMMALS.............. BAT, LESSER Leptonycteris L, E
(=SANBORN'S) LONG- sanborni.
NOSED.
PRONGHORN, SONORAN... Antilocapra L, E
americana
sonoriensis.
PLANTS............... BLUE-STAR, KEARNEY'S. Amsonia kearneyana.. L, E
CACTUS, NICHOL'S Echinocactus L, E
TURK'S HEAD. horizonthalonius
var nicholii.
CACTUS, PIMA Coryphantha scheeri L, E
PINEAPPLE. var robustispina.
SNAILS............... TALUSSNAIL, SAN Sonorella eremita... L, E
XAVIER.
PINAL........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PYGMY-OWL, CACTUS Glaucidiumbrasilianu L, E
FERRUGINOUS. m cactorum.
RAIL, YUMA CLAPPER... Rallus longirostris L, E
yumanensis.
FISHES............... MINNOW, LOACH........ Tiaroga cobitis..... L, T, CH
PUPFISH, DESERT...... Cyprinodon L, E, CH
macularius.
SPIKEDACE............ Meda fulgida........ L, T, CH
SUCKER, RAZORBACK.... Xyrauchen texanus... L, E, CH
TOPMINNOW, GILA Poeciliopsis L, E
(YAQUI). occidentalis.
MAMMALS.............. BAT, LESSER Leptonycteris L, E
(=SANBORN'S) LONG- sanborni.
NOSED.
PLANTS............... CACTUS, ARIZONA Echinocereus L, E
HEDGEHOG. triglochidiatus var
arizonicus.
CACTUS, NICHOL'S Echinocactus L, E
TURK'S HEAD. horizonthalonius
var nicholii.
SANTA CRUZ................... AMPHIBIANS........... SALAMANDER, SONORA Ambystoma tigrinum.. L, E
TIGER.
BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, NORTHERN Falco femoralis L, E
APLOMADO. septentrionalis.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FLYCATCHER, Empiodonax traillii L, E
SOUTHWESTERN WILLOW. extimus.
OWL, MEXICAN SPOTTED. Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
lucida.
PYGMY-OWL, CACTUS Glaucidiumbrasilianu L, E
FERRUGINOUS. m cactorum.
FISHES............... CHUB, SONORA......... Gila ditaenia....... L, T, CH
TOPMINNOW, GILA Poeciliopsis L, E
(YAQUI). occidentalis.
MAMMALS.............. BAT, LESSER Leptonycteris L, E
(=SANBORN'S) LONG- sanborni.
NOSED.
OCELOT............... Felis pardalis...... L, E
PLANTS............... CACTUS, PIMA Coryphantha scheeri L, E
PINEAPPLE. var robustispina.
LADIES'-TRESSES, Spiranthes P, E
CANELO HILLS. delitescens.
UMBEL, HUACHUCA WATER Lilaeopsis L, E
schaffneriana spp
recuva.
YAVAPAI...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
OWL, MEXICAN SPOTTED. Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
lucida.
FISHES............... PUPFISH, DESERT...... Cyprinodon L, E, CH
macularius.
SPIKEDACE............ Meda fulgida........ L, T, CH
SQUAWFISH, COLORADO.. Ptychocheilus lucius L, E, CH
[[Page 7927]]
SUCKER, RAZORBACK.... Xyrauchen texanus... L, E, CH
TOPMINNOW, GILA Poeciliopsis L, E
(YAQUI). occidentalis.
TROUT, GILA.......... Salmo gilae......... L, E
PLANTS............... AGAVE, ARIZONA....... Agave arizonica..... L, E
CLIFFROSE, ARIZONA... Cowania subintegra.. L, E
YUMA......................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
RAIL, YUMA CLAPPER... Rallus longirostris L, E
yumanensis.
FISHES............... SUCKER, RAZORBACK.... Xyrauchen texanus... L, E, CH
MAMMALS.............. BAT, LESSER Leptonycteris L, E
(=SANBORN'S) LONG- sanborni.
NOSED.
PRONGHORN, SONORAN... Antilocapra L, E
americana
sonoriensis.
REPTILES............. LIZARD, FLAT-TAILED Phrynosoma mcallii.. P, T
HORNED.
CALIFORNIA
ALAMEDA...................... BIRDS................ FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
PLOVER, WESTERN SNOWY Charadrius L, T
alexandrinus
nivosus.
RAIL, CALIFORNIA Rallus longirostris L, E
CLAPPER. obsoletus.
TERN, CALIFORNIA Sterna antillarum L, E
LEAST. browni.
CRUSTACEAN........... LINDERIELLA, Linderiella P, E
CALIFORNIA. occidentalis.
SHRIMP, LONGHORN Branchinecta L, E
FAIRY. longiantenna.
SHRIMP, VERNAL POOL Branchinecta lynchi. L, T
FAIRY.
FISHES............... GOBY, TIDEWATER...... Eucyclogobius L, E
newberryi.
INSECTS.............. BUTTERFLY, BAY Euphydryas editha L, T
CHECKERSPOT. bayensis.
MAMMALS.............. FOX, SAN JOAQUIN KIT. Vulpes macrotis L, E
mutica.
MOUSE, SALT MARSH Reithrodontomys L, E
HARVEST. raviventris.
PLANTS............... BIRD'S-BEAK, PALMATE- Cordylanthes L, E
BRACTED. palmatus.
CLARKIA, PRESIDIO.... Clarkia franciscana. L, E
DUDLEYA, SANTA CLARA Dudleya setchellii.. L, E
VALLEY.
FIDDLENECK, LARGE- Amsinckia L, E, CH
FLOWERED. grandiflora.
GOLDFIELDS, CONTRA Lasthenia conjugens. L, E
COSTA.
MANZANITA, PALLID.... Arctostaphylos P, T
pallida.
MANZANITA, PALLID.... Arctostaphylos P, T
pallida.
NAVARRETIA, FEW- Navarretia L, E
FLOWERED. leucocephala ssp.
pauciflora.
NAVARRETIA, MANY- Navarretia L, E
FLOWERED. leucocephala ssp.
plieantha.
STONECROP, LAKE Parvisedum L, E
COUNTY. leiocarpum.
REPTILES............. WHIPSNAKE, ALAMEDA... Masticophis P, E
lateralis
euryxanthus.
ALPINE....................... BIRDS................ FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FISHES............... TROUT, LAHONTAN Salmo clarki L, T
CUTTHROAT. henshawi.
TROUT, PAIUTE Salmo clarki L, T
CUTTHROAT. seleniris.
AMADOR....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLANTS............... BUCKWHEAT, IONE...... Eriogonum apricum... P, E
BUCKWHEAT, IONE...... Eriogonum apricum... P, E
MANZANITA, IONE...... Arctostaphylos P, T
myrtifolia.
MANZANITA, IONE...... Arctostaphylos P, T
myrtifolia.
BUTTE........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
GOOSE, ALEUTIAN Branta canadensis L, T
CANADA. leucopareia.
CRUSTACEAN........... SHRIMP, CONSERVANCY Brancinecta L, E
FAIRY. conservatio.
SHRIMP, VERNAL POOL Lepidurus packardi.. L, E
TADPOLE.
FISHES............... SALMON, CHINOOK Oncorhynchus L, E, CH
(SACRAMENTO RIVER tshawytscha.
WINTER RUN).
STEELHEAD, CALIFORNIA Oncorhynchus mykiss, P, E
CENTRAL VALLEY POP. (Central Valley
ESU).
INSECTS.............. BEETLE, VALLEY Desmocerus L, T, CH
ELDERBERRY LONGHORN. californicus
dimorphus.
PLANTS............... MEADOWFOAM, BUTTE Limnanthes floccosa L, E
COUNTY. ssp. californica.
SPURGE, HOOVER'S..... Chamaesyce hooveri.. L, T
TUCTORIA, GREEN'S.... Tuctoria greenei.... L, E
REPTILES............. SNAKE, GIANT GARTER.. Thamnophis gigas.... L, T
CALAVERAS.................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
CRUSTACEAN........... SHRIMP, VERNAL POOL Lepidurus packardi.. L, E
TADPOLE.
PLANTS............... MANZANITA, IONE...... Arctostaphylos P, T
myrtifolia.
MANZANITA, IONE...... Arctostaphylos P, T
myrtifolia.
COLUSA....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
GOOSE, ALEUTIAN Branta canadensis L, T
CANADA. leucopareia.
OWL, NORTHERN SPOTTED Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
caurina.
CRUSTACEAN........... SHRIMP, VERNAL POOL Lepidurus packardi.. L, E
TADPOLE.
FISHES............... STEELHEAD, CALIFORNIA Oncorhynchus mykiss, P, E
CENTRAL VALLEY POP. (Central Valley
ESU).
[[Page 7928]]
INSECTS.............. BEETLE, VALLEY Desmocerus L, T, CH
ELDERBERRY LONGHORN. californicus
dimorphus.
PLANTS............... BIRD'S-BEAK, PALMATE- Cordylanthes L, E
BRACTED. palmatus.
REPTILES............. SNAKE, GIANT GARTER.. Thamnophis gigas.... L, T
CONTRA COSTA................. BIRDS................ FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
GOOSE, ALEUTIAN Branta canadensis L, T
CANADA. leucopareia.
PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
RAIL, CALIFORNIA Rallus longirostris L, E
CLAPPER. obsoletus.
TERN, CALIFORNIA Sterna antillarum L, E
LEAST. browni.
CRUSTACEAN........... LINDERIELLA, Linderiella P, E
CALIFORNIA. occidentalis.
SHRIMP, LONGHORN Branchinecta L, E
FAIRY. longiantenna.
SHRIMP, VERNAL POOL Branchinecta lynchi. L, T
FAIRY.
FISHES............... GOBY, TIDEWATER...... Eucyclogobius L, E
newberryi.
SALMON, CHINOOK Oncorhynchus L, E, CH
(SACRAMENTO RIVER tshawytscha.
WINTER RUN).
STEELHEAD, CALIFORNIA Oncorhynchus mykiss, P, E
CENTRAL VALLEY POP. (Central Valley
ESU).
INSECTS.............. BUTTERFLY, BAY Euphydryas editha L, T
CHECKERSPOT. bayensis.
BUTTERFLY, LANGE'S Apodemia mormo L, E
METALMARK. langei.
MAMMALS.............. FOX, SAN JOAQUIN KIT. Vulpes macrotis L, E
mutica.
MOUSE, SALT MARSH Reithrodontomys L, E
HARVEST. raviventris.
PLANTS............... DUDLEYA, SANTA CLARA Dudleya setchellii.. L, E
VALLEY.
EVENING-PRIMROSE, Oenothera deltoides L, E, CH
ANTIOCH DUNES. ssp. howellii.
FIDDLENECK, LARGE- Amsinckia L, E, CH
FLOWERED. grandiflora.
GOLDFIELDS, CONTRA Lasthenia conjugens. L, E
COSTA.
MANZANITA, PALLID.... Arctostaphylos P, T
pallida.
MANZANITA, PALLID.... Arctostaphylos P, T
pallida.
NAVARRETIA, FEW- Navarretia L, E
FLOWERED. leucocephala ssp.
pauciflora.
NAVARRETIA, MANY- Navarretia L, E
FLOWERED. leucocephala ssp.
plieantha.
STONECROP, LAKE Parvisedum L, E
COUNTY. leiocarpum.
WALLFLOWER, CONTRA Erysimum capitatum L, E, CH
COSTA. var angustatum.
REPTILES............. WHIPSNAKE, ALAMEDA... Masticophis P, E
lateralis
euryxanthus.
COWLITZ...................... FISHES............... STEELHEAD, LOWER Oncorhynchus mykiss, P, T
COLUMBIA RIVER (Lower Columbia
POPULATION. ESU).
STEELHEAD, LOWER Oncorhynchus mykiss, P, T
COLUMBIA RIVER (Lower Columbia
POPULATION. ESU).
DEL NORTE.................... AMPHIBIANS........... FROG, CALIFORNIA RED- Rana Aurora L, T
LEGGED. Draytonii.
BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
GOOSE, ALEUTIAN Branta canadensis L, T
CANADA. leucopareia.
MURRELET, MARBLED.... Brachyramphus L, T, CH
marmoratus.
OWL, NORTHERN SPOTTED Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
caurina.
PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
PLOVER, WESTERN SNOWY Charadrius L, T
alexandrinus
nivosus.
FISHES............... GOBY, TIDEWATER...... Eucyclogobius L, E
newberryi.
SALMON, COHO Oncorhynchus kisutch L, T
(SOUTHERN OR/
NORTHERN CA COAST).
INSECTS.............. BUTTERFLY, OREGON Speyeria zerene L, T, CH
SILVERSPOT. hippolyta.
PLANTS............... WALLFLOWER, MENZIE'S. Erysimum menziesii.. L, E
EL DORADO.................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
CRUSTACEAN........... SHRIMP, VERNAL POOL Lepidurus packardi.. L, E
TADPOLE.
FISHES............... TROUT, LAHONTAN Salmo clarki L, T
CUTTHROAT. henshawi.
INSECTS.............. BEETLE, VALLEY Desmocerus L, T, CH
ELDERBERRY LONGHORN. californicus
dimorphus.
PLANTS............... BEDSTRAW, EL DORADO.. Galium californicum L, E
ssp. Sierrae.
BUTTERWEED, LAYNE'S.. Senecio layneae..... L, T
CEANOTHUS, PINE HILL. Ceanothus roderickii L, E
FLANNELBUSH, PINE Fremontodendron L, E
HILL. californicum ssp.
decumbens.
MORNING-GLORY, Calystegia L, E
STEBBINS. stebbinsii.
FRESNO....................... PLANTS............... ADOBE SUNBURST, SAN Pseudobahia L, T
JOAQUIN. peirsonii.
BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FISHES............... TROUT, LITTLE KERN Salmo aguabonita L, T, CH
GOLDEN. whitei.
TROUT, PAIUTE Salmo clarki L, T
CUTTHROAT. seleniris.
INSECTS.............. BEETLE, VALLEY Desmocerus L, T, CH
ELDERBERRY LONGHORN. californicus
dimorphus.
MAMMALS.............. FOX, SAN JOAQUIN KIT. Vulpes macrotis L, E
mutica.
KANGAROO RAT, FRESNO. Dipodomys L, E, CH
nitratoides exilis.
KANGAROO RAT, GIANT.. Dipodomys ingens.... L, E
RAT, FRESNO KANGAROO. Dipodomys L, E, CH
nitratoides exilis.
RAT, GIANT KANGAROO.. Dipodomys ingens.... L, E
PLANTS............... BIRD'S-BEAK, PALMATE- Cordylanthes L, E
BRACTED. palmatus.
[[Page 7929]]
CARPENTERIA.......... Carpenteria P, T
californica.
DUDLEYA, SANTA CLARA Dudleya setchellii.. L, E
VALLEY.
GOLDEN SUNBURST, Pseudobahia L, E
HARTWEG'S. bahiifolia.
JEWELFLOWER, Caulanthus L, E
CALIFORNIA. californicus.
OWL'S-CLOVER, FLESHY. Castilleja L, E
campestris ssp.
succulenta.
PUSSYPAWS, MARIPOSA.. Calyptridium P, E
pulchellum.
WOOLLY-STAR, HOOVER'S Eriastrum hooveri... L, T
WOOLLY-THREADS, SAN Lembertia congdonii. L, E
JOAQUIN.
REPTILES............. LIZARD, BLUNT-NOSED Gambelia L, E
LEOPARD. (crotaphytus) silus.
SNAKE, GIANT GARTER.. Thamnophis gigas.... L, T
GLENN........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
GOOSE, ALEUTIAN Branta canadensis L, T
CANADA. leucopareia.
MURRELET, MARBLED.... Brachyramphus L, T, CH
marmoratus.
OWL, NORTHERN SPOTTED Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
caurina.
CRUSTACEAN........... SHRIMP, VERNAL POOL Lepidurus packardi.. L, E
TADPOLE.
FISHES............... SALMON, CHINOOK Oncorhynchus L, E, CH
(SACRAMENTO RIVER tshawytscha.
WINTER RUN).
STEELHEAD, CALIFORNIA Oncorhynchus mykiss, P, E
CENTRAL VALLEY POP. (Central Valley
ESU).
INSECTS.............. BEETLE, VALLEY Desmocerus L, T, CH
ELDERBERRY LONGHORN. californicus
dimorphus.
PLANTS............... GRASS, HAIRY ORCUTT.. Orcuttia pilosa..... L, E
SPURGE, HOOVER'S..... Chamaesyce hooveri.. L, T
REPTILES............. SNAKE, GIANT GARTER.. Thamnophis gigas.... L, T
HOKE......................... PLANTS............... ADOBE SUNBURST, SAN Pseudobahia L, T
JOAQUIN. peirsonii.
HUMBOLDT..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
GOOSE, ALEUTIAN Branta canadensis L, T
CANADA. leucopareia.
MURRELET, MARBLED.... Brachyramphus L, T, CH
marmoratus.
OWL, NORTHERN SPOTTED Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
caurina.
PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
PLOVER, WESTERN SNOWY Charadrius L, T
alexandrinus
nivosus.
FISHES............... GOBY, TIDEWATER...... Eucyclogobius L, E
newberryi.
SALMON, COHO (CENTRAL Oncorhynchus kisutch L, E
CALIFORNIA COAST
POP).
SALMON, COHO Oncorhynchus kisutch L, T
(SOUTHERN OR/
NORTHERN CA COAST).
STEELHEAD, NORTHERN Oncorhynchus mykiss, P, T
CALIFORNIA (Northern
POPULATION. California ESU).
PLANTS............... LAYIA, BEACH......... Layia carnosa....... L, E
LILY, WESTERN........ Lilium occidentale.. L, E
WALLFLOWER, MENZIE'S. Erysimum menziesii.. L, E
REPTILES............. TURTLE, OLIVE Lepidochelys L, E, T
(PACIFIC) RIDLEY SEA. olivacea.
IMPERIAL..................... AMPHIBIANS........... TOAD, ARROYO Bufo microscaphus L, E
SOUTHWESTERN. californicus.
BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
GOOSE, ALEUTIAN Branta canadensis L, T
CANADA. leucopareia.
PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
RAIL, YUMA CLAPPER... Rallus longirostris L, E
yumanensis.
FISHES............... CHUB, BONYTAIL....... Gila elegans........ L, E, CH
PUPFISH, DESERT...... Cyprinodon L, E, CH
macularius.
SQUAWFISH, COLORADO.. Ptychocheilus lucius L, E, CH
SUCKER, RAZORBACK.... Xyrauchen texanus... L, E, CH
PLANTS............... MILK-VETCH, PIERSON'S Astragalus P, E
magdalenae var.
piersonii.
REPTILES............. LIZARD, FLAT-TAILED Phrynosoma mcallii.. P, T
HORNED.
REPTILES............. TORTOISE, DESERT..... Gopherus L, T, CH
(=Xerobates,
=Scaptochelys)
agassizii.
INYO......................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
GOOSE, ALEUTIAN Branta canadensis L, T
CANADA. leucopareia.
TOWHEE, INYO BROWN... Pipilo fuscus L, T, CH
eremophilus.
VIREO, LEAST BELL'S.. Vireo bellii L, E, CH
pusillus.
FISHES............... CHUB, OWENS TUI...... Gila bicolor snyderi L, E, CH
DACE, ASH MEADOWS Rhinichthys osculus L, E, CH
SPECKLED. nevadensis.
PUPFISH, OWENS....... Cyprinodon radiosus. L, E
TROUT, LAHONTAN Salmo clarki L, T
CUTTHROAT. henshawi.
MAMMALS.............. VOLE, AMARGOSA....... Microtus L, E, CH
californicus
scirpensis.
PLANTS............... CENTAURY, SPRING- Centaurium L, T, CH
LOVING. namophilum var.
namophilum.
EVENING-PRIMROSE, Oenothera avita ssp. L, E
EUREKA VALLEY. eurekensis.
GRASS, EUREKA DUNE... Swallenia alexandrae L, E
GUMPLANT, ASH MEADOWS Grindelia fraxino- L, T, CH
pratensis.
IVESIA, ASH MEADOWS.. Ivesia eremica...... L, T, CH
MILK-VETCH, FISH Astragalus P, E
SLOUGH. lentiginosus var.
Piscinensis.
[[Page 7930]]
MILK-VETCH, SHINING.. Astragalus P, T
lentiginosus var.
micans.
MILK-VETCH, SODAVILLE Astragalus P, T
lentiginosus var.
seslquimetralis.
NITERWORT, AMARGOSA.. Nitrophila L, E, CH
mohavensis.
REPTILES............. TORTOISE, DESERT..... Gopherus L, T, CH
(=Xerobates,
=Scaptochelys)
agassizii.
KERN......................... BIRDS................ CONDOR, CALIFORNIA... Gymnogyps L, E, CH
californianus.
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FLYCATCHER, Empiodonax traillii L, E
SOUTHWESTERN WILLOW. extimus.
VIREO, LEAST BELL'S.. Vireo bellii L, E, CH
pusillus.
INSECTS.............. MOTH, KERN PRIMROSE Euproserpinus L, T
SPHINX. euterpe.
MAMMALS.............. FOX, SAN JOAQUIN KIT. Vulpes macrotis L, E
mutica.
KANGAROO RAT, GIANT.. Dipodomys ingens.... L, E
KANGAROO RAT, TIPTON. Dipodomys L, E
nitratoides.
RAT, GIANT KANGAROO.. Dipodomys ingens.... L, E
RAT, TIPTON KANGAROO. Dipodomys L, E
nitratoides.
PLANTS............... CACTUS, BAKERSFIELD.. Opuntia treleasei... L, E
GRASS, PARISH'S Puccinellia parishii P, E
ALKALI.
JEWELFLOWER, Caulanthus L, E
CALIFORNIA. californicus.
LILY, GREENHORN ADOBE Fritillaria striata. P, T
MALLOW, KERN......... Eremalche kernensis. L, E
MONKEY-FLOWER, KELSO Mimulus shevockii... P, E
CREEK.
NAVARRETIA, PIUTE Navarretia setiloba. P, T
MOUNTAINS.
WOOLLY-STAR, HOOVER'S Eriastrum hooveri... L, T
WOOLLY-THREADS, SAN Lembertia congdonii. L, E
JOAQUIN.
REPTILES............. LIZARD, BLUNT-NOSED Gambelia L, E
LEOPARD. (Crotaphytus) silus.
TORTOISE, DESERT..... Gopherus L, T, CH
(=Xerobates,
=Scaptochelys)
agassizii.
KINGS........................ BIRDS................ FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
GOOSE, ALEUTIAN Branta canadensis L, T
CANADA. leucopareia.
MAMMALS.............. FOX, SAN JOAQUIN KIT. Vulpes macrotis L, E
mutica.
KANGAROO RAT, FRESNO. Dipodomys L, E, CH
nitratoides exilis.
KANGAROO RAT, GIANT.. Dipodomys ingens.... L, E
KANGAROO RAT, TIPTON. Dipodomys L, E
nitratoides.
RAT, FRESNO KANGAROO. Dipodomys L, E, CH
nitratoides exilis.
RAT, GIANT KANGAROO.. Dipodomys ingens.... L, E
RAT, TIPTON KANGAROO. Dipodomys L, E
nitratoides.
PLANTS............... JEWELFLOWER, Caulanthus L, E
CALIFORNIA. californicus.
WOOLLY-STAR, HOOVER'S Eriastrum hooveri... L, T
WOOLLY-THREADS, SAN Lembertia congdonii. L, E
JOAQUIN.
REPTILES............. LIZARD, BLUNT-NOSED Gambelia L, E
LEOPARD. (Crotaphytus) silus.
LAKE......................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MURRELET, MARBLED.... Brachyramphus L, T, CH
marmoratus.
OWL, NORTHERN SPOTTED Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
caurina.
FISHES............... SPLITTAIL, SACRAMENTO Pogonichthys P, T
macrolepidotus.
PLANTS............... COYOTE-THISTLE, LOCH Eryngium constancei. L, T
LOMOND.
GOLDFIELDS, BURKE'S.. Lasthenia burkei.... L, E
GRASS, SLENDER ORCUTT Orcuttia tenuis..... L, T
LASSEN....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
OWL, NORTHERN SPOTTED Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
caurina.
FISHES............... SUCKER, MODOC........ Catostomus microps.. L, E, CH
LOS ANGELELS................. PLANTS............... CEANOTHUS, VAIL LAKE. Ceanothus P, T
ophiochilus.
BIRDS................ MOUNTAIN-MAHOGANY, Cerocarpus traskiae. L, E
CATALINA ISLAND.
MOUNTAIN-MAHOGANY, Cerocarpus traskiae. L, E
CATALINA ISLAND.
RUSH-ROSE, ISLAND.... Helianthemum greenei L, T
RUSH-ROSE, ISLAND.... Helianthemum greenei L, T
PLANTS............... SANDWORT, MARSH...... Arenaria paludicola. L, E
BIRDS................ WOODLAND-STAR, SAN Lithophragma maximum L, E
CLEMENTE ISLAND.
WOODLAND-STAR, SAN Lithophragma maximum L, E
CLEMENTE ISLAND.
AMPHIBIANS........... TOAD, ARROYO Bufo microscaphus L, E
SOUTHWESTERN. californicus.
BIRDS................ CONDOR, CALIFORNIA... Gymnogyps L, E, CH
californianus.
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FLYCATCHER, Empiodonax traillii L, E
SOUTHWESTERN WILLOW. extimus.
GNATCATCHER, COASTAL Polioptila L, T
CALIFORNIA. californica
californica.
MURRELET, MARBLED.... Brachyramphus L, T, CH
marmoratus.
PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
PLOVER, WESTERN SNOWY Charadrius L, T
alexandrinus
nivosus.
[[Page 7931]]
RAIL, LIGHT-FOOTED Rallus longirostris L, E
CLAPPER. levipes.
SHRIKE, SAN CLEMENTE Lanius ludovicianus L, E
LOGGERHEAD. mearnsi.
SPARROW, SAN CLEMENTE Amphispiza belli L, T
SAGE. clementeae.
TERN, CALIFORNIA Sterna antillarum L, E
LEAST. browni.
VIREO, LEAST BELL'S.. Vireo bellii L, E, CH
pusillus.
FISHES............... CHUB, MOHAVE TUI..... Gila bicolor L, E
mohavensis.
GOBY, TIDEWATER...... Eucyclogobius L, E
newberryi.
STEELHEAD, SOUTHERN Oncorhynchus mykiss, L, E
CALIFORNIA (Southern
POPULATION. California ESU).
STEELHEAD, SOUTHERN Oncorhynchus mykiss, L, E
CALIFORNIA (Southern
POPULATION. California ESU).
STICKLEBACK, Gasterosteus L, E
UNARMORED THREESPINE. aculeatus
williamsoni.
INSECTS.............. BUTTERFLY, EL SEGUNDO Euphilotes L, E
BLUE. (=Shijimiaeoides)
battoides allyni.
BUTTERFLY, PALOS Glaucopsyche L, E, CH
VERDES BLUE. lygdamus
palosverdesensis.
MAMMALS.............. FOX, SAN JOAQUIN KIT. Vulpes macrotis L, E
mutica.
MOUSE, PACIFIC POCKET Perognathus L, E
longimembris
pacificus.
PLANTS............... BARBERRY, NEVIN'S.... Berberis nevinii.... P, T
BARBERRY, NEVIN'S.... Berberis nevinii.... P, T
BEARGRASS, DEHESA.... Nolina interrata.... P, T
BEARGRASS, DEHESA.... Nolina interrata.... P, T
BIRD'S-BEAK, SALT Cordylanthus L, E
MARSH. maritimus ssp.
maritimus.
BRODIAEA, THREAD- Brodiaea filifolia.. P, T
LEAVED.
BROOM, SAN CLEMENTE Lotus dendroideus L, E
ISLAND. ssp. traskiae.
BUSH-MALLOW, SAN Malacothamnus L, E
CLEMENTE ISLAND. clementinus.
CEANOTHUS, VAIL LAKE. Ceanothus P, T
ophi0chilus.
CROWNSCALE, SAN Atriplex coronata P, E
JACINTO VALLEY. var. notatior.
DUDLEYA, MARCESCENT.. Dudleya cymosa ssp. L, T
marcescens.
DUDLEYA, SANTA MONICA Dudleya cymosa ssp. L, T
MOUNTAINS. ovatifolia.
FLANNELBUSH, MEXICAN. Fremontodendron P, T
mexicanum.
LARKSPUR, SAN Delphinium kinkiense L, E
CLEMENTE ISLAND.
MILK-VETCH, Astragalus L, E
BRAUNTON'S. brauntonii.
NAVARRETIA, SPREADING Navarretia fossalis. P, T
ONION, MUNZ'S........ Allium munzii....... P, E
PAINTBRUSH, SAN Castilleja grisea... L, E
CLEMENTE ISLAND
INDIAN.
PENTACHAETA, LYON'S.. Pentachaeta lyonii.. P, E
SPINEFLOWER, SLENDER- Centrostegia L, E
HORNED. leptoceras.
WATERCRESS, GAMBEL'S. Rorippa gambellii... L, E
REPTILES............. LIZARD, BLUNT-NOSED Gambelia L, E
LEOPARD. (Crotaphytus) silus.
LIZARD, ISLAND NIGHT. Xantusia L, T
(Klaubernina)
riversiana.
TORTOISE, DESERT..... Gopherus L, T, CH
(=Xerobates,
=Scaptochelys)
agassizii.
MADERA....................... PLANTS............... ADOBE SUNBURST, SAN Pseudobahia L, T
JOAQUIN. peirsonii.
BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FISHES............... TROUT, LAHONTAN Salmo clarki L, T
CUTTHROAT. henshawi.
TROUT, PAIUTE Salmo clarki L, T
CUTTHROAT. seleniris.
INSECTS.............. BEETLE, VALLEY Desmocerus L, T, CH
ELDERBERRY LONGHORN. californicus
dimorphus.
MAMMALS.............. FOX, SAN JOAQUIN KIT. Vulpes macrotis L, E
mutica.
RAT, FRESNO KANGAROO. Dipodomys L, E, CH
nitratoides exilis.
PLANTS............... BIRD'S-BEAK, PALMATE- Cordylanthes L, E
BRACTED. palmatus.
GOLDEN SUNBURST, Pseudobahia L, E
HARTWEG'S. bahiifolia.
GRASS, HAIRY ORCUTT.. Orcuttia pilosa..... L, E
LUPINE, CLOVER....... Lupinus tidestromii. L, E
OWL'S-CLOVER, FLESHY. Castilleja L, E
campestris ssp.
succulenta.
PUSSYPAWS, MARIPOSA.. Calyptridium P, E
pulchellum.
REPTILES............. LIZARD, BLUNT-NOSED Gambelia L, E
LEOPARD. (Crotaphytus) silus.
MARIN........................ AMPHIBIANS........... FROG, CALIFORNIA RED- Rana Aurora L, T
LEGGED. Draytonii.
BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MURRELET, MARBLED.... Brachyramphus L, T, CH
marmoratus.
OWL, NORTHERN SPOTTED Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
caurina.
PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
PLOVER, WESTERN SNOWY Charadrius L, T
alexandrinus
nivosus.
RAIL, CALIFORNIA Rallus longirostris L, E
CLAPPER. obsoletus.
CRUSTACEAN........... SHRIMP, CALIFORNIA Syncaris pacifica... L, E
FRESHWATER.
FISHES............... GOBY, TIDEWATER...... Eucyclogobius L, E
newberryi.
SALMON, CHINOOK Oncorhynchus L, E, CH
(SACRAMENTO RIVER tshawytscha.
WINTER RUN).
SALMON, COHO (CENTRAL Oncorhynchus kisutch L, E
CALIFORNIA COAST
POP).
STEELHEAD, CENTRAL Oncorhynchus mykiss, L, T
CALIFORNIA (Central California
POPULATION. Coast ESU).
[[Page 7932]]
STEELHEAD, CENTRAL Oncorhynchus mykiss, L, T
CALIFORNIA (Central California
POPULATION. Coast ESU).
INSECTS.............. BUTTERFLY, MISSION Icaricia icarioides L, E
BLUE. missionensis.
BUTTERFLY, MYRTLE'S Speyeria zerene L, E
SILVERSPOT. myrtleae.
MAMMALS.............. MOUSE, SALT MARSH Reithrodontomys L, E
HARVEST. raviventris.
PLANTS............... ALLOCARYA, CALISTOGA. Plagiobothrys P, E
strictus.
ALOPECURUS, SONOMA... Alopecurus aequalis P, E
var. sonomensis.
BLUEGRASS, NAPA...... Poa napensis........ P, E
CHECKER-MALLOW, Sidalcea oregana P, E
KENWOOD MARSH. ssp. valida.
CLARKIA, VINE HILL... Clarkia imbricata... P, E
CLOVER, SHOWY INDIAN. Trifolum amoenum.... P, E
CLOVER, SHOWY INDIAN. Trifolum amoenum.... P, E
DWARF-FLAX, MARIN.... Hesperolinon L, T
congestum.
JEWELFLOWER, TIBURON. Streptanthus niger.. P, E
LARKSPUR, BAKER'S.... Delphinium bakeri... P, E
LARKSPUR, BAKER'S.... Delphinium bakeri... P, E
LAYIA, BEACH......... Layia carnosa....... L, E
LILY, PITKIN MARSH... Lilium pitkinense... P, E
LUPINE, CLOVER....... Lupinus tidestromii. L, E
MILK-VETCH, CLARA Astragalus clarianus P, E
HUNT'S.
PAINTBRUSH, TIBURON.. Castilleja affinis L, E
ssp. neglecta.
PAINTBRUSH, TIBURON.. Castilleja affinis L, E
ssp. neglecta.
PENTACHAETA, WHITE- Pentachaeta L, E
RAYED. bellidiflora.
SEDGE, WHITE......... Carex albida........ P, E
SPINEFLOWER, SONOMA.. Chorizanthe valida.. L, E
MARIPOSA..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
INSECTS.............. BEETLE, VALLEY Desmocerus L, T, CH
ELDERBERRY LONGHORN. californicus
dimorphus.
PLANTS............... LUPINE, MARIPOSA..... Lupinus citrinus P, E
var. deflexus.
PUSSYPAWS, MARIPOSA.. Calyptridium P, E
pulchellum.
MENDOCINO.................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
GOOSE, ALEUTIAN Branta canadensis L, T
CANADA. leucopareia.
MURRELET, MARBLED.... Brachyramphus L, T, CH
marmoratus.
OWL, NORTHERN SPOTTED Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
caurina.
PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
PLOVER, WESTERN SNOWY Charadrius L, T
alexandrinus
nivosus.
FISHES............... GOBY, TIDEWATER...... Eucyclogobius L, E
newberryi.
STEELHEAD, NORTHERN Oncorhynchus mykiss, P, T
CALIFORNIA (Northern
POPULATION. California ESU).
INSECTS.............. BUTTERFLY, BEHREN'S Speyeria zerene P, E
SILVERSPOT. behrensii.
BUTTERFLY, LOTIS BLUE Lycaeides L, E
argyrognomon lotis.
MAMMALS.............. BEAVER, POINT ARENA Aplodontia rufa L, E
MOUNTAIN. nigra.
PLANTS............... GOLDFIELDS, BURKE'S.. Lasthenia burkei.... L, E
GOLDFIELDS, CONTRA Lasthenia conjugens. L, E
COSTA.
NAVARRETIA, FEW- Navarretia L, E
FLOWERED. leucocephala ssp.
pauciflora.
NAVARRETIA, MANY- Navarretia L, E
FLOWERED. leucocephala ssp.
plieantha.
ROCK-CRESS, Arabis mcdonaldiana. L, E
MCDONALD'S.
SPINEFLOWER, HOWELL'S Chorizanthe howellii L, E
STONECROP, LAKE Parvisedum L, E
COUNTY. leiocarpum.
WALLFLOWER, MENZIE'S. Erysimum menziesii.. L, E
REPTILES............. TURTLE, OLIVE Lepidochelys L, E, T
(PACIFIC) RIDLEY SEA. olivacea.
MERCED....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
GOOSE, ALEUTIAN Branta canadensis L, T
CANADA. leucopareia.
CRUSTACEAN........... LINDERIELLA, Linderiella P, E
CALIFORNIA. occidentalis.
SHRIMP, CONSERVANCY Brancinecta L, E
FAIRY. conservatio.
SHRIMP, VERNAL POOL Branchinecta lynchi. L, T
FAIRY.
FISHES............... STEELHEAD, CALIFORNIA Oncorhynchus mykiss, P, E
CENTRAL VALLEY POP. (Central Valley
ESU).
INSECTS.............. BEETLE, VALLEY Desmocerus L, T, CH
ELDERBERRY LONGHORN. californicus
dimorphus.
MAMMALS.............. FOX, SAN JOAQUIN KIT. Vulpes macrotis L, E
mutica.
KANGAROO RAT, FRESNO. Dipodomys L, E, CH
nitratoides exilis.
KANGAROO RAT, GIANT.. Dipodomys ingens.... L, E
RAT, FRESNO KANGAROO. Dipodomys L, E, CH
nitratoides exilis.
RAT, GIANT KANGAROO.. Dipodomys ingens.... L, E
PLANTS............... GRASS, COLUSA........ Neostapfia colusana. L, T
GRASS, HAIRY ORCUTT.. Orcuttia pilosa..... L, E
OWL'S-CLOVER, FLESHY. Castilleja L, E
campestris ssp.
succulenta.
TUCTORIA, GREEN'S.... Tuctoria greenei.... L, E
REPTILES............. LIZARD, BLUNT-NOSED Gambelia L, E
LEOPARD. (Crotaphytus) silus.
SNAKE, GIANT GARTER.. Thamnophis gigas.... L, T
[[Page 7933]]
MODOC........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FISHES............... SUCKER, LOST RIVER... Deltistes luxatus... L, E
SUCKER, MODOC........ Catostomus microps.. L, E, CH
SUCKER, SHORTNOSE.... Chasmistes L, E
brevirostris.
PLANTS............... BARBERRY, TRUCKEE.... Berberis (=Mahonia) L, E
sonnei.
MONO......................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
GOOSE, ALEUTIAN Branta canadensis L, T
CANADA. leucopareia.
FISHES............... CHUB, OWENS TUI...... Gila bicolor snyderi L, E, CH
PUPFISH, OWENS....... Cyprinodon radiosus. L, E
TROUT, LAHONTAN Salmo clarki L, T
CUTTHROAT. henshawi.
TROUT, PAIUTE Salmo clarki L, T
CUTTHROAT. seleniris.
PLANTS............... MILK-VETCH, FISH Astragalus P, E
SLOUGH. lentiginosus var.
piscinensis.
MONTEREY..................... BIRDS................ POTENTILLA, Potentilla hickmanii P, E
HICKMANN'S.
AMPHIBIANS........... FROG, CALIFORNIA RED- Rana Aurora L, T
LEGGED. Draytonii.
SALAMANDER, SANTA Ambystoma L, E
CRUZ LONG-TOED. macrodactylum
croceum.
BIRDS................ CONDOR, CALIFORNIA... Gymnogyps L, E, CH
californianus.
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MURRELET, MARBLED.... Brachyramphus L, T, CH
marmoratus.
PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
PLOVER, WESTERN SNOWY Charadrius L, T
alexandrinus
nivosus.
RAIL, CALIFORNIA Rallus longirostris L, E
CLAPPER. obsoletus.
TERN, CALIFORNIA Sterna antillarum L, E
LEAST. browni.
VIREO, LEAST BELL'S.. Vireo bellii L, E, CH
pusillus.
CRUSTACEAN........... LINDERIELLA, Linderiella P, E
CALIFORNIA. occidentalis.
SHRIMP, VERNAL POOL Branchinecta lynchi. L, T
FAIRY.
FISHES............... GOBY, TIDEWATER...... Eucyclogobius L, E
newberryi.
STEELHEAD, SOUTH- Oncorhynchus mykiss, L, T
CENTRAL CALIFORNIA (South-Central
POP. Calif. ESU).
STEELHEAD, SOUTH- Oncorhynchus mykiss, L, T
CENTRAL CALIFORNIA (South-Central
POP. Calif. ESU).
INSECTS.............. BUTTERFLY, SMITH'S Euphilotes L, E
BLUE. (=Shijimiaeoides)
enoptes smithi.
MAMMALS.............. FOX, SAN JOAQUIN KIT. Vulpes macrotis L, E
mutica.
KANGAROO RAT, GIANT.. Dipodomys ingens.... L, E
OTTER, SOUTHERN SEA.. Enhydra lutris L, T
nereis.
RAT, GIANT KANGAROO.. Dipodomys ingens.... L, E
PLANTS............... CINQUEFOIL, HICKMAN'S Potentilla hickmanii P, E
CLOVER, MONTEREY..... Trifolium P, E
trichocalyx.
CYPRESS, GOWEN....... Cupressus goveniana P, T
ssp. goveniana.
DUDLEYA, SANTA CLARA Dudleya setchellii.. L, E
VALLEY.
GILIA, MONTEREY...... Gilia tenuiflora L, E
ssp. arenaria.
LAYIA, BEACH......... Layia carnosa....... L, E
LUPINE, CLOVER....... Lupinus tidestromii. L, E
MILK-VETCH, COASTAL Astragalus tener P, E
DUNES. var. titi.
PIPERIA, YADON'S..... Piperia yadonii..... P, E
SPINEFLOWER, MONTEREY Chorizanthe pungens L, T
var. pungens.
SPINEFLOWER, ROBUST.. Chorizanthe robusta L, E
var. robusta.
WALLFLOWER, MENZIE'S. Erysimum menziesii.. L, E
REPTILES............. LIZARD, BLACK LEGLESS Anniella pulchra P, E
nigra.
TURTLE, OLIVE Lepidochelys L, E, T
(PACIFIC) RIDLEY SEA. olivacea.
NAPA......................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
OWL, NORTHERN SPOTTED Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
caurina.
PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
PLOVER, WESTERN SNOWY Charadrius L, T
alexandrinus
nivosus.
RAIL, CALIFORNIA Rallus longirostris L, E
CLAPPER. obsoletus.
CRUSTACEAN........... LINDERIELLA, Linderiella P, E
CALIFORNIA. occidentalis.
SHRIMP, CALIFORNIA Syncaris pacifica... L, E
FRESHWATER.
FISHES............... SALMON, CHINOOK Oncorhynchus L, E, CH
(SACRAMENTO RIVER tshawytscha.
WINTER RUN).
STEELHEAD, CALIFORNIA Oncorhynchus mykiss, P, E
CENTRAL VALLEY POP. (Central Valley
ESU).
STEELHEAD, CENTRAL Oncorhynchus mykiss, L, T
CALIFORNIA (Central California
POPULATION. Coast ESU).
STEELHEAD, CENTRAL Oncorhynchus mykiss, L, T
CALIFORNIA (Central California
POPULATION. Coast ESU).
MAMMALS.............. FOX, SAN JOAQUIN KIT. Vulpes macrotis L, E
mutica.
MOUSE, SALT MARSH Reithrodontomys L, E
HARVEST. raviventris.
PLANTS............... ALLOCARYA, CALISTOGA. Plagiobothrys P, E
strictus.
ALOPECURUS, SONOMA... Alopecurus aequalis P, E
var. sonomensis.
BLUEGRASS, NAPA...... Poa napensis........ P, E
CHECKER-MALLOW, Sidalcea oregana P, E
KENWOOD MARSH. ssp. valida.
[[Page 7934]]
CLARKIA, VINE HILL... Clarkia imbricata... P, E
CLOVER, SHOWY INDIAN. Trifolum amoenum.... P, E
GOLDFIELDS, CONTRA Lasthenia conjugens. L, E
COSTA.
LILY, PITKIN MARSH... Lilium pitkinense... P, E
MILK-VETCH, CLARA Astragalus clarianus P, E
HUNT'S.
NAVARRETIA, FEW- Navarretia L, E
FLOWERED. leucocephala ssp.
pauciflora.
NAVARRETIA, MANY- Navarretia L, E
FLOWERED. leucocephala ssp.
plieantha.
PAINTBRUSH, TIBURON.. Castilleja affinis L, E
ssp. neglecta.
PAINTBRUSH, TIBURON.. Castilleja affinis L, E
ssp. neglecta.
SEDGE, WHITE......... Carex albida........ P, E
STONECROP, LAKE Parvisedum L, E
COUNTY. leiocarpum.
DNEVADA...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FISHES............... TROUT, LAHONTAN Salmo clarki L, T
CUTTHROAT. henshawi.
PLANTS............... BARBERRY, TRUCKEE.... Berberis (=Mahonia) L, E
sonnei.
DORANGE...................... AMPHIBIANS........... TOAD, ARROYO Bufo microscaphus L, E
SOUTHWESTERN. californicus.
BIRDS................ FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
GNATCATCHER, COASTAL Polioptila L, T
CALIFORNIA. californica
californica.
MURRELET, MARBLED.... Brachyramphus L, T, CH
marmoratus.
PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
PLOVER, WESTERN SNOWY Charadrius L, T
alexandrinus
nivosus.
RAIL, LIGHT-FOOTED Rallus longirostris L, E
CLAPPER. levipes.
TERN, CALIFORNIA Sterna antillarum L, E
LEAST. browni.
VIREO, LEAST BELL'S.. Vireo bellii L, E, CH
pusillus.
CRUSTACEAN........... SHRIMP, RIVERSIDE Streptocephalus L, E
FAIRY. woottoni.
FISHES............... GOBY, TIDEWATER...... Eucyclogobius L, E
newberryi.
MAMMALS.............. MOUSE, PACIFIC POCKET Perognathus L, E
longimembris
pacificus.
PLANTS............... ASTER, DEL MAR SAND.. Corethrogyne P, E
filaginifolia var.
linifolia.
BACCHARIS, ENCINITAS. Baccharis vanessae.. L, T
BIRD'S-BEAK, SALT Cordylanthus L, E
MARSH. maritimus ssp.
maritimus.
BRODIAEA, THREAD- Brodiaea filifolia.. P, T
LEAVED.
CROWN-BEARD, BIG- Verbesina dissita... L, T
LEAVED.
CROWNSCALE, SAN Atriplex coronata P, E
JACINTO VALLEY. var. notatior.
DUDLEYA, MARCESCENT.. Dudleya cymosa ssp. L, T
marcescens.
DUDLEYA, SANTA MONICA Dudleya cymosa ssp. L, T
MOUNTAINS. ovatifolia.
LIVEFOREVER, LAGUNA Dudleya stolonifera. P, E
BEACH.
MANZANITA, DEL MAR... Arctostaphylos L, E
glandulosa ssp.
crassifolia.
MILK-VETCH, Astragalus L, E
BRAUNTON'S. brauntonii.
MONARDELLA, WILLOWY.. Monardella linoides P, E
ssp. viminea.
NAVARRETIA, SPREADING Navarretia fossalis. P, T
ONION, MUNZ'S........ Allium munzii....... P, E
SPINEFLOWER, ORCUTT'S Chorizanthe L, E
orcuttiana.
TARWEED, OTAY........ Hemizonia conjugens. P, E
THORNMINT, SAN DIEGO. Acanthomintha P, E
ilicifolia.
WOOLLY-STAR, SANTA Eriastrum L, E
ANA RIVER. densifolium ssp.
santorum.
PIMA......................... BIRDS................ FLYCATCHER, Empiodonax traillii L, E
SOUTHWESTERN WILLOW. extimus.
PLACER....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
GOOSE, ALEUTIAN Branta canadensis L, T
CANADA. leucopareia.
CRUSTACEAN........... LINDERIELLA, Linderiella P, E
CALIFORNIA. occidentalis.
SHRIMP, VERNAL POOL Branchinecta lynchi. L, T
FAIRY.
SHRIMP, VERNAL POOL Lepidurus packardi.. L, E
TADPOLE.
FISHES............... TROUT, LAHONTAN Salmo clarki L, T
CUTTHROAT. henshawi.
INSECTS.............. BEETLE, VALLEY Desmocerus L, T, CH
ELDERBERRY LONGHORN. californicus
dimorphus.
PLANTS............... BARBERRY, TRUCKEE.... Berberis (=Mohonia) L, E
sonnei.
PLUMAS....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLANTS............... GRASS, SLENDER ORCUTT Orcuttia tenuis..... L, T
RIVERSIDE.................... AMPHIBIANS........... SALAMANDER, DESERT Batrachoseps aridus. L, E
SLENDER.
TOAD, ARROYO Bufo microscaphus L, E
SOUTHWESTERN. californicus.
BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FLYCATCHER, Empiodonax traillii L, E
SOUTHWESTERN WILLOW. extimus.
FLYCATCHER, Empiodonax traillii L, E
SOUTHWESTERN WILLOW. extimus.
GNATCATCHER, COASTAL Polioptila L, T
CALIFORNIA. californica
californica.
PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
RAIL, YUMA CLAPPER... Rallus longirostris L, E
yumanensis.
VIREO, LEAST BELL'S.. Vireo bellii L, E, CH
pusillus.
CRUSTACEAN........... LINDERIELLA, Linderiella P, E
CALIFORNIA. occidentalis.
SHRIMP, RIVERSIDE Streptocephalus L, E
FAIRY. woottoni.
SHRIMP, VERNAL POOL Branchinecta lynchi. L, T
FAIRY.
FISHES............... CHUB, BONYTAIL....... Gila elegans........ L, E, CH
PUPFISH, DESERT...... Cyprinodon L, E, CH
macularius.
[[Page 7935]]
SQUAWFISH, COLORADO.. Ptychocheilus lucius L, E, CH
SUCKER, RAZORBACK.... Xyrauchen texanus... L, E, CH
INSECTS.............. BUTTERFLY, QUINO Euphydryas editha L, E
CHECKERSPOT. quino.
FLY, DELHI SANDS Rhophiamidas L, E
FLOWER-LOVING. terminatus
abdominalis.
MAMMALS.............. KANGAROO RAT, Dipodomys stephensi. L, T
STEPHENS'.
RAT, STEPHENS' Dipodomys stephensi. L, T
KANGAROO.
PLANTS............... BARBERRY, NEVIN'S.... Berberis nevinii.... P, T
BARBERRY, NEVIN'S.... Berberis nevinii.... P, T
BEARGRASS, DEHESA.... Nolina interrata.... P, T
BEARGRASS, DEHESA.... Nolina interrata.... P, T
BRODIAEA, THREAD- Brodiaea filifolia.. P, T
LEAVED.
BUTTON-CELERY, SAN Eryngium aristulatum L, E
DIEGO. var. parishii.
CEANOTHUS, VAIL LAKE. Ceanothus P, T
ophi0chilus.
CEANOTHUS, VAIL LAKE. Ceanothus P, T
ophi0chilus.
CROWNSCALE, SAN Atriplex coronata P, E
JACINTO VALLEY. var. notatior.
DAISY, PARISH'S...... Erigeron parishii... L, T
DOWNINGIA, CUYAMACA Downingia concolor P, E
LAKE. var. brevior.
FLANNELBUSH, MEXICAN. Fremontodendron P, T
mexicanum.
GRASS, CALIFORNIA Orcuttia californica L, E
ORCUTT.
MILK-VETCH, COACHELLA Astragalus P, E
VALLEY. lentiginosus var.
coachellae.
MILK-VETCH, TRIPLE- Astragalus P, E
RIBBED. tricarinatus.
MINT, OTAY MESA...... Pogogyne nudiuscula. L, E
NAVARRETIA, SPREADING Navarretia fossalis. P, T
ONION, MUNZ'S........ Allium munzii....... P, E
SPINEFLOWER, SLENDER- Centrostegia L, E
HORNED. leptoceras.
WOOLLY-STAR, SANTA Eriastrum L, E
ANA RIVER. densifolium ssp.
santorum.
REPTILES............. LIZARD, COACHELLA Uma inornata........ L, T, CH
VALLEY FRINGE-TOED.
LIZARD, FLAT-TAILED Phrynosoma mcallii.. P, T
HORNED.
TORTOISE, DESERT..... Gopherus L, T, CH
(=Xerobates,=Scapto
chelys) agassizii.
SACRAMENTO................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
GOOSE, ALEUTIAN Branta canadensis L, T
CANADA. leucopareia.
PLOVER, WESTERN SNOWY Charadrius L, T
alexandrinus
nivosus.
CRUSTACEAN........... LINDERIELLA, Linderiella P, E
CALIFORNIA. occidentalis.
SHRIMP, VERNAL POOL Branchinecta lynchi. L, T
FAIRY.
SHRIMP, VERNAL POOL Lepidurus packardi.. L, E
TADPOLE.
FISHES............... SALMON, CHINOOK Oncorhynchus L, E, CH
(SACRAMENTO RIVER tshawytscha.
WINTER RUN).
SMELT, DELTA......... Hypomesus L, T, CH
transpacificus.
STEELHEAD, CALIFORNIA Oncorhynchus mykiss, P, E
CENTRAL VALLEY POP. (Central Valley
ESU).
INSECTS.............. BEETLE, VALLEY Desmocerus L, T, CH
ELDERBERRY LONGHORN. californicus
dimorphus.
PLANTS............... EVENING-PRIMROSE, Oenothera deltoides L, E, CH
ANTIOCH DUNES. ssp. howellii.
GRASS, SACRAMENTO Orcuttia viscida.... L, E
ORCUTT.
GRASS, SLENDER ORCUTT Orcuttia tenuis..... L, T
REPTILES............. SNAKE, GIANT GARTER.. Thamnophis gigas.... L, T
SAN BENITO................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
INSECTS.............. FLY, DELHI SANDS Rhophiamidas L, E
FLOWER-LOVING. terminatus
abdominalis.
MAMMALS.............. FOX, SAN JOAQUIN KIT. Vulpes macrotis L, E
mutica.
KANGAROO RAT, GIANT.. Dipodomys ingens.... L, E
RAT, GIANT KANGAROO.. Dipodomys ingens.... L, E
PLANTS............... DUDLEYA, SANTA CLARA Dudleya setchellii.. L, E
VALLEY.
EVENING-PRIMROSE, SAN Camissonia L, T
BENITO. benitensis.
WOOLLY-THREADS, SAN Lembertia congdonii. L, E
JOAQUIN.
REPTILES............. LIZARD, BLUNT-NOSED Gambelia L, E
LEOPARD. (Crotaphytus) silus.
SAN BERNADINO................ BIRDS................ FLYCATCHER, Empiodonax traillii L, E
SOUTHWESTERN WILLOW. extimus.
PLANTS............... ONION, MUNZ'S........ Allium munzii....... P, E
SANDWORT, MARSH...... Arenaria paludicola. L, E
AMPHIBIANS........... TOAD, ARROYO Bufo microscaphus L, E
SOUTHWESTERN. californicus.
BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FLYCATCHER, Empiodonax traillii L, E
SOUTHWESTERN WILLOW. extimus.
GNATCATCHER, COASTAL Polioptila L, T
CALIFORNIA. californica
californica.
PLOVER, WESTERN SNOWY Charadrius L, T
alexandrinus
nivosus.
RAIL, YUMA CLAPPER... Rallus longirostris L, E
yumanensis.
VIREO, LEAST BELL'S.. Vireo bellii L, E, CH
pusillus.
FISHES............... CHUB, BONYTAIL....... Gila elegans........ L, E, CH
CHUB, MOHAVE TUI..... Gila bicolor L, E
mohavensis.
PUPFISH, DESERT...... Cyprinodon L, E, CH
macularius.
SQUAWFISH, COLORADO.. Ptychocheilus lucius L, E, CH
STICKLEBACK, Gasterosteus L, E
UNARMORED THREESPINE. aculeatus
williamsoni.
[[Page 7936]]
SUCKER, RAZORBACK.... Xyrauchen texanus... L, E, CH
INSECTS.............. FLY, DELHI SANDS Rhophiamidas L, E
FLOWER-LOVING. terminatus
abdominalis.
MAMMALS.............. KANGAROO RAT, Dipodomys stephensi. L, T
STEPHENS'.
RAT, STEPHENS' Dipodomys stephensi. L, T
KANGAROO.
VOLE, AMARGOSA....... Microtus L, E, CH
californicus
scirpensis.
PLANTS............... BARBERRY, NEVIN'S.... Berberis nevinii.... P, T
BARBERRY, NEVIN'S.... Berberis nevinii.... P, T
BEARGRASS, DEHESA.... Nolina interrata.... P, T
BLADDERPOD, SAN Lesquerella kingii L, E
BERNARDINO MOUNTAINS. ssp. bernardina.
BLUECURLS, HIDDEN Trichostema P, T
LAKE. austromontanum ssp.
compactum.
BLUEGRASS, SAN Poa atropurpurea.... P, E
BERNARDINO.
BRODIAEA, THREAD- Brodiaea filifolia.. P, T
LEAVED.
BUCKWHEAT, CUSHENBURY Eriogonum L, E
ovalifolium var.
vineum.
BUCKWHEAT, SOUTHERN Eriogonum kennedyi P, T
MOUNTAIN WILD. var. austromontanum.
CEANOTHUS, VAIL LAKE. Ceanothus P, T
ophiochilus.
CEANOTHUS, VAIL LAKE. ceanothus P, T
ophiochilus.
CHECKER-MALLOW, Sidalcea pedata..... L, E
PEDATE.
CROWNSCALE, SAN Atriplex coronata P, E
JACINTO VALLEY. var. notatior.
DAISY, PARISH'S...... Erigeron parishii... L, T
DANDELION, CALIFORNIA Taraxacum P, E
californicum.
FLANNELBUSH, MEXICAN. Fremontodendron P, T
mexicanum.
GRASS, PARISH'S Puccinellia parishii P, E
ALKALI.
MILK-VETCH, Astragalus albens... L, E
CUSHENBURY.
MILK-VETCH, LANE Astragalus P, E
MOUNTAIN. jaegerianus.
MILK-VETCH, TRIPLE- Astragalus P, E
RIBBED. tricarinatus.
MUSTARD, SLENDER- Thelypodium L, E
PETALED. stenopetalum.
NAVARRETIA, SPREADING Navarretia fossalis. P, T
OXYTHECA, CUSHENBURY. Oxytheca parishii L, E
var. goodmaniana.
PAINTBRUSH, ASH-GREY Castilleja cinerea.. P, T
INDIAN.
ROCK-CRESS, Arabis johnstonii... P, T
JOHNSTON'S.
SANDWORT, BEAR VALLEY Arenaria ursina..... P, T
SPINEFLOWER, SLENDER- Centrostegia L, E
HORNED. leptoceras.
WATERCRESS, GAMBEL'S. Rorippa gambellii... L, E
WOOLLY-STAR, SANTA Eriastrum L, E
ANA RIVER. densifolium ssp.
santorum.
REPTILES............. TORTOISE, DESERT..... Gopherus L, T, CH
(=Xerobates,=Scapto
chelys) agassizii.
SAN DIEGO.................... AMPHIBIANS........... TOAD, ARROYO Bufo microscaphus L, E
SOUTHWESTERN. californicus.
BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FLYCATCHER, Empiodonax traillii L, E
SOUTHWESTERN WILLOW. extimus.
GNATCATCHER, COASTAL Polioptila L, T
CALIFORNIA. californica
californica.
GOOSE, ALEUTIAN Branta canadensis L, T
CANADA. leucopareia.
MURRELET, MARBLED.... Brachyramphus L, T, CH
marmoratus.
PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
PLOVER, WESTERN SNOWY Charadrius L, T
alexandrinus
nivosus.
RAIL, LIGHT-FOOTED Rallus longirostris L, E
CLAPPER. levipes.
TERN, CALIFORNIA Sterna antillarum L, E
LEAST. browni.
VIREO, LEAST BELL'S.. Vireo bellii L, E, CH
pusillus.
CRUSTACEAN........... SHRIMP, RIVERSIDE Streptocephalus L, E
FAIRY. woottoni.
SHRIMP, SAN DIEGO Branchinecta P, E
FAIRY. sandiegoensis.
FISHES............... CHUB, MOHAVE TUI..... Gila bicolor L, E
mohavensis.
GOBY, TIDEWATER...... Eucyclogobius L, E
newberryi.
PUPFISH, DESERT...... Cyprinodon L, E, CH
macularius.
STICKLEBACK, Gasterosteus L, E
UNARMORED THREESPINE. aculeatus
williamsoni.
INSECTS.............. SKIPPER, LAGUNA Pyrgus ruralis L, E
MOUNTAIN. lagunae.
MAMMALS.............. KANGAROO RAT, Dipodomys stephensi. L, T
STEPHENS'.
MOUSE, PACIFIC POCKET Perognathus L, E
longimembris
pacificus.
RAT, STEPHENS' Dipodomys stephensi. L, T
KANGAROO.
PLANTS............... ASTER, DEL MAR SAND.. Corethrogyne P, E
filaginifolia var.
linifolia.
BACCHARIS, ENCINITAS. Baccharis vanessae.. L, T
BARBERRY, NEVIN'S.... Berberis nevinii.... P, T
BARBERRY, NEVIN'S.... Berberis nevinii.... P, T
BEARGRASS, DEHESA.... Nolina interrata.... P, T
BEARGRASS, DEHESA.... Nolina interrata.... P, T
BIRD'S-BEAK, SALT Cordylanthus L, E
MARSH. maritimus ssp.
maritimus.
BRODIAEA, THREAD- Brodiaea filifolia.. P, T
LEAVED.
BUTTON-CELERY, SAN Eryngium aristulatum L, E
DIEGO. var. parishii.
CEANOTHUS, VAIL LAKE. Ceanothus P, T
ophiochilus.
CEANOTHUS, VAIL LAKE. Ceanothus P, T
ophi0chilus.
CROWN-BEARD, BIG- Verbesina dissita... L, T
LEAVED.
[[Page 7937]]
CROWNSCALE, SAN Atriplex coronata P, E
JACINTO VALLEY. var. notatior.
DOWNINGIA, CUYAMACA Downingia concolor P, E
LAKE. var. brevior.
FLANNELBUSH, MEXICAN. Fremontodendron P, T
mexicanum.
GRASS, CALIFORNIA Orcuttia californica L, E
ORCUTT.
LIVEFOREVER, LAGUNA Dudleya stolonifera. P, E
BEACH.
MANZANITA, DEL MAR... Arctostaphylos L, E
glandulosa ssp.
crassifolia.
MEADOWFOAM, PARISH'S. Limnanthes gracilis P, T
ssp. parishii.
MILK-VETCH, PIERSON'S Astragalus P, E
magdalenae var.
piersonii.
MINT, OTAY MESA...... Pogogyne nudiuscula. L, E
MINT, SAN DIEGO MESA. Pogogyne abramsii... L, E
MONARDELLA, WILLOWY.. Monardella linoides P, E
ssp. viminea.
NAVARRETIA, SPREADING Navarretia fossalis. P, T
ONION, MUNZ'S........ Allium munzii....... P, E
SPINEFLOWER, ORCUTT'S Chorizanthe L, E
orcuttiana.
SPINEFLOWER, SLENDER- Centrostegia L, E
HORNED. leptoceras.
TARWEED, OTAY........ Hemizonia conjugens. P, E
THORNMINT, SAN DIEGO. Acanthomintha P, E
ilicifolia.
WATERCRESS, GAMBEL'S. Rorippa gambellii... L, E
REPTILES............. LIZARD, FLAT-TAILED Phrynosoma mcallii.. P, T
HORNED.
TURTLE, GREEN SEA.... Chelonia mydas...... L, E, T
TURTLE, OLIVE Lepidochelys L, E, T
(PACIFIC) RIDLEY SEA. olivacea.
SAN FRANCISCO................ PLANTS............... SANDWORT, MARSH...... Arenaria paludicola. L, E
BIRDS................ FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
GOOSE, ALEUTIAN Branta canadensis L, T
CANADA. leucopareia.
PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
PLOVER, WESTERN SNOWY Charadrius L, T
alexandrinus
nivosus.
FISHES............... GOBY, TIDEWATER...... Eucyclogobius L, E
newberryi.
STEELHEAD, CENTRAL Oncorhynchus mykiss, L, T
CALIFORNIA (Central California
POPULATION. Coast ESU).
STEELHEAD, CENTRAL Oncorhynchus mykiss, L, T
CALIFORNIA (Central California
POPULATION. Coast ESU).
INSECTS.............. BUTTERFLY, BAY Euphydryas editha L, T
CHECKERSPOT. bayensis.
BUTTERFLY, CALLIPPE Speyeria callippe P, E
SILVERSPOT. callippe.
BUTTERFLY, MISSION Icaricia icarioides L, E
BLUE. missionensis.
BUTTERFLY, MYRTLE'S Speyeria zerene L, E
SILVERSPOT. myrtleae.
PLANTS............... CLARKIA, PRESIDIO.... Clarkia franciscana. L, E
DWARF-FLAX, MARIN.... Hesperolinon L, T
congestum.
JEWELFLOWER, METCALF Streptanthus albidus P, E
CANYON. ssp. albidus.
LAYIA, BEACH......... Layia carnosa....... L, E
LESSINGIA, SAN Lessingia germanorum L, E
FRANCISCO.
LILY, TIBURON Calochortus L, T
MARIPOSA. tiburonensis.
MANZANITA, PRESIDIO Arctostaphylos L, E
(=RAVEN'S). pungens ssp.
ravenii.
MANZANITA, SAN BRUNO Arctostaphylos P, E
MOUNTAIN. imbricata.
DSAN JOAQUIN................. BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
GOOSE, ALEUTIAN Branta canadensis L, T
CANADA. leucopareia.
CRUSTACEAN........... LINDERIELLA, Linderiella P, E
CALIFORNIA. occidentalis.
SHRIMP, VERNAL POOL Branchinecta lynchi. L, T
FAIRY.
SHRIMP, VERNAL POOL Lepidurus packardi.. L, E
TADPOLE.
FISHES............... SALMON, CHINOOK Oncorhynchus L, E, CH
(SACRAMENTO RIVER tshawytscha.
WINTER RUN).
SMELT, DELTA......... Hypomesus L, T, CH
transpacificus.
STEELHEAD, CALIFORNIA Oncorhynchus mykiss, P, E
CENTRAL VALLEY POP. (Central Valley
ESU).
INSECTS.............. BEETLE, VALLEY Desmocerus L, T, CH
ELDERBERRY LONGHORN. californicus
dimorphus.
MAMMALS.............. FOX, SAN JOAQUIN KIT. Vulpes macrotis L, E
mutica.
PLANTS............... BIRD'S-BEAK, PALMATE- Cordylanthes L, E
BRACTED. palmatus.
FIDDLENECK, LARGE- Amsinckia L, E, CH
FLOWERED. grandiflora.
REPTILES............. SNAKE, GIANT GARTER.. Thamnophis gigas.... L, T
DSAN LUIS OBISPO............. PLANTS............... SANDWORT, MARSH...... Arenaria paludicola. L, E
BIRDS................ CONDOR, CALIFORNIA... Gymnogyps L, E, CH
californianus.
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
GOOSE, ALEUTIAN Branta canadensis L, T
CANADA. leucopareia.
MURRELET, MARBLED.... Brachyramphus L, T, CH
marmoratus.
PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
PLOVER, WESTERN SNOWY Charadrius L, T
alexandrinus
nivosus.
RAIL, CALIFORNIA Rallus longirostris L, E
CLAPPER. obsoletus.
TERN, CALIFORNIA Sterna antillarum L, E
LEAST. browni.
VIREO, LEAST BELL'S.. Vireo bellii L, E, CH
pusillus.
CRUSTACEAN........... LINDERIELLA, Linderiella P, E
CALIFORNIA. occidentalis.
SHRIMP, LONGHORN Branchinecta L, E
FAIRY. longiantenna.
FISHES............... GOBY, TIDEWATER...... Eucyclogobius L, E
newberryi.
[[Page 7938]]
STEELHEAD, SOUTH- Oncorhynchus mykiss, L, T
CENTRAL CALIFORNIA (South-Central
POP. Calif. ESU).
STEELHEAD, SOUTH- Oncorhynchus mykiss, L, T
CENTRAL CALIFORNIA (South-Central
POP. Calif. ESU).
STEELHEAD, SOUTHERN Oncorhynchus mykiss, L, E
CALIFORNIA (Southern
POPULATION. California ESU).
STEELHEAD, SOUTHERN Oncorhynchus mykiss, L, E
CALIFORNIA (Southern
POPULATION. California ESU).
MAMMALS.............. FOX, SAN JOAQUIN KIT. Vulpes macrotis L, E
mutica.
OTTER, SOUTHERN SEA.. Enhydra lutris L, T
nereis.
RAT, GIANT KANGAROO.. Dipodomys ingens.... L, E
RAT, MORRO BAY Dipodomys heermanni L, E, CH
KANGAROO. morroensis.
PLANTS............... BIRD'S-BEAK, SALT Cordylanthus L, E
MARSH. maritimus ssp.
maritimus.
CLARKIA, PISMO....... Clarkia speciosa L, E
ssp. immaculata.
JEWELFLOWER, Caulanthus L, E
CALIFORNIA. californicus.
MANZANITA, MORRO..... Arctostaphylos L, T
morroensis.
MOUNTAINBALM, INDIAN Eriodictyon L, E
KNOB. altissimum.
SANDWORT, MARSH...... Arenaria paludicola. L, E
SEA-BLITE, CALIFORNIA Suaeda californica.. L, E
THISTLE, CHORRO CREEK Cirsium fontinale L, E
BOG. var. obispoense.
WATERCRESS, GAMBEL'S. Rorippa gambellii... L, E
WOOLLY-STAR, HOOVER'S Eriastrum hooveri... L, T
WOOLLY-THREADS, SAN Lembertia congdonii. L, E
JOAQUIN.
REPTILES............. LIZARD, BLUNT-NOSED Gambelia L, E
LEOPARD. (Crotaphytus) silus.
SNAILS............... SNAIL, MORRO Helminthoglypta L, E
SHOULDERBAND. walkeriana.
SAN MATEO.................... AMPHIBIANS........... FROG, CALIFORNIA RED- Rana Aurora L, T
LEGGED. Draytonii.
BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MURRELET, MARBLED.... Brachyramphus L, T, CH
marmoratus.
PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
PLOVER, WESTERN SNOWY Charadrius L, T
alexandrinus
nivosus.
RAIL, CALIFORNIA Rallus longirostris L, E
CLAPPER. obsoletus.
TERN, CALIFORNIA Sterna antillarum L, E
LEAST. browni.
CRUSTACEAN........... LINDERIELLA, Linderiella P, E
CALIFORNIA. occidentalis.
FISHES............... GOBY, TIDEWATER...... Eucyclogobius L, E
newberryi.
SALMON, COHO (CENTRAL Oncorhynchus kisutch L, E
CALIFORNIA COAST
POP).
STEELHEAD, CENTRAL Oncorhynchus mykiss, L, T
CALIFORNIA (Central California
POPULATION. Coast ESU).
STEELHEAD, CENTRAL Oncorhynchus mykiss, L, T
CALIFORNIA (Central California
POPULATION. Coast ESU).
INSECTS.............. BUTTERFLY, BAY Euphydryas editha L, T
CHECKERSPOT. bayensis.
BUTTERFLY, MISSION Icaricia icarioides L, E
BLUE. missionensis.
BUTTERFLY, SAN BRUNO Callophrys mossii L, E
ELFIN. bayensis.
MAMMALS.............. MOUSE, SALT MARSH Reithrodontomys L, E
HARVEST. raviventris.
PLANTS............... CYPRESS, SANTA CRUZ.. Cupressus abramsiana L, E
LESSINGIA, SAN Lessingia germanorum L, E
FRANCISCO.
MANZANITA, SAN BRUNO Arctostaphylos P, E
MOUNTAIN. imbricata.
PENTACHAETA, WHITE- Pentachaeta L, E
RAYED. bellidiflora.
SUNFLOWER, SAN MATEO Eriophyllum L, E
WOOLLY. latilobum.
THISTLE, FOUNTAIN.... Cirsium fontinale L, E
var. fontinale.
THISTLE, FOUNTAIN.... Cirsium fontinale L, E
var. fontinale.
THORNMINT, SAN MATEO. Acanthomintha L, E
obovata ssp.
duttonii.
REPTILES............. SNAKE, SAN FRANCISCO Thamnophis sirtalis L, E
GARTER. tetrataenia.
SANTA BARBARA................ BARBERRY, ISLAND..... Berberis pinnata L, E
ssp. insularis.
BARBERRY, ISLAND..... Berberis pinnata L, E
ssp. insularis.
BEDSTRAW, ISLAND..... Galium buxifolium... L, E
BEDSTRAW, ISLAND..... Galium buxifolium... L, E
BUSHMALLOW, SANTA Malacothamnus L, E
CRUZ ISLAND. fasciculatus
nesioticus.
BUSHMALLOW, SANTA Malacothamnus L, E
CRUZ ISLAND. fasciculatus
nesioticus.
BIRDS................ FRINGEPOD, SANTA CRUZ Thysanocarpus L, E
ISLAND. conchuliferus.
FRINGEPOD, SANTA CRUZ Thysanocarpus L, E
ISLAND. conchuliferus.
GILIA, HOFFMAN'S Gilia tenuiflora L, E
SLENDER-FLOWERED. ssp. hoffmannii.
GILIA, HOFFMAN'S Gilia tenuiflora L, E
SLENDER-FLOWERED. ssp. hoffmannii.
MALACOTHRIX, ISLAND.. Malacothrix squalida L, E
MALACOTHRIX, ISLAND.. Malacothrix squalida L, E
MALACOTHRIX, SANTA Malacothrix indecora L, E
CRUZ ISLAND.
MALACOTHRIX, SANTA Malacothrix indecora L, E
CRUZ ISLAND.
MANZANITA, SANTA ROSA Arctostaphylos L, E
ISLAND. confertiflora.
MANZANITA, SANTA ROSA Arctostaphylos L, E
ISLAND. confertiflora.
PAINTBRUSH, SOFT- Castilleja mollis... L, E
LEAVED.
PAINTBRUSH, SOFT- Castilleja mollis... L, E
LEAVED.
PHACELIA, ISLAND..... Phacelia insularis L, E
ssp. insularis.
PHACELIA, ISLAND..... Phacelia insularis L, E
ssp. insularis.
[[Page 7939]]
ROCK-CRESS, HOFFMAN'S Arabis hoffmannii... L, E
ROCK-CRESS, HOFFMAN'S Arabis hoffmannii... L, E
AMPHIBIANS........... TOAD, ARROYO Bufo microscaphus L, E
SOUTHWESTERN. californicus.
BIRDS................ CONDOR, CALIFORNIA... Gymnogyps L, E, CH
californianus.
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
GOOSE, ALEUTIAN Branta canadensis L, T
CANADA. leucopareia.
MURRELET, MARBLED.... Brachyramphus L, T, CH
marmoratus.
PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
PLOVER, WESTERN SNOWY Charadrius L, T
alexandrinus
nivosus.
RAIL, LIGHT-FOOTED Rallus longirostris L, E
CLAPPER. levipes.
TERN, CALIFORNIA Sterna antillarum L, E
LEAST. browni.
VIREO, LEAST BELL'S.. Vireo bellii L, E, CH
pusillus.
CRUSTACEAN........... LINDERIELLA, Linderiella P, E
CALIFORNIA. occidentalis.
FISHES............... GOBY, TIDEWATER...... Eucyclogobius L, E
newberryi.
STEELHEAD, SOUTH- Oncorhynchus mykiss, L, T
CENTRAL CALIFORNIA (South-Central
POP. Calif. ESU).
STEELHEAD, SOUTH- Oncorhynchus mykiss, L, T
CENTRAL CALIFORNIA (South-Central
POP. Calif. ESU).
STEELHEAD, SOUTHERN Oncorhynchus mykiss, L, E
CALIFORNIA (Southern
POPULATION. California ESU).
STEELHEAD, SOUTHERN Oncorhynchus mykiss, L, E
CALIFORNIA (Southern
POPULATION. California ESU).
STICKLEBACK, Gasterosteus L, E
UNARMORED THREESPINE. aculeatus
williamsoni.
MAMMALS.............. FOX, SAN JOAQUIN KIT. Vulpes macrotis L, E
mutica.
KANGAROO RAT, GIANT.. Dipodomys ingens.... L, E
RAT, GIANT KANGAROO.. Dipodomys ingens.... L, E
SEAL, GUADALUPE FUR.. Arctocephalus L, T
townsendi.
PLANTS............... BIRD'S-BEAK, SALT Cordylanthus L, E
MARSH. maritimus ssp.
maritimus.
BRODIAEA, CHINESE Brodiaea pallida.... P, E
CAMP.
CLARKIA, SPRINGVILLE. Clarkia P, T
springvillensis.
DUDLEYA, MARCESCENT.. Dudleya cymosa ssp. L, T
marcescens.
BIRDS................ DUDLEYA, SANTA CRUZ Dudleya nesiotica... L, T
ISLAND.
DUDLEYA, SANTA CRUZ Dudleya nesiotica... L, T
ISLAND.
PLANTS............... GOLDFIELDS, CONTRA Lasthenia conjugens. L, E
COSTA.
JEWELFLOWER, Caulanthus L, E
CALIFORNIA. californicus.
LAYIA, BEACH......... Layia carnosa....... L, E
LIVEFOREVER, SANTA Dudleya traskiae.... L, E
BARBARA ISLAND.
LUPINE, MARIPOSA..... Lupinus citrinus P, E
var. deflexus.
MONKEY-FLOWER, KELSO Mimulus shevockii... P, E
CREEK.
NAVARRETIA, FEW- Navarretia L, E
FLOWERED. leucocephala ssp.
pauciflora.
NAVARRETIA, MANY- Navarretia L, E
FLOWERED. leucocephala ssp.
plieantha.
NAVARRETIA, PIUTE Navarretia setiloba. P, T
MOUNTAINS.
ONION, RAWHIDE HILL.. Allium tuolumnense.. P, T
PUSSYPAWS, MARIPOSA.. Calyptridium P, E
pulchellum.
STONECROP, LAKE Parvisedum L, E
COUNTY. leiocarpum.
THISTLE, FOUNTAIN.... Cirsium fontinale L, E
var. fontinale.
VERVAIN, RED HILLS... Verbena californica. P, T
WOOLLY-STAR, HOOVER'S Eriastrum hooveri... L, T
WOOLLY-THREADS, SAN Lembertia congdonii. L, E
JOAQUIN.
REPTILES............. LIZARD, BLUNT-NOSED Gambelia L, E
LEOPARD. (Crotaphytus) silus.
LIZARD, ISLAND NIGHT. Xantusia L, T
(Klaubernina)
riversiana.
SANTA CLARA.................. BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
PLOVER, WESTERN SNOWY Charadrius L, T
alexandrinus
nivosus.
RAIL, CALIFORNIA Rallus longirostris L, E
CLAPPER. obsoletus.
TERN, CALIFORNIA Sterna antillarum L, E
LEAST. browni.
FISHES............... GOBY, TIDEWATER...... Eucyclogobius L, E
newberryi.
INSECTS.............. BUTTERFLY, BAY Euphydryas editha L, T
CHECKERSPOT. bayensis.
MAMMALS.............. FOX, SAN JOAQUIN KIT. Vulpes macrotis L, E
mutica.
MOUSE, SALT MARSH Reithrodontomys L, E
HARVEST. raviventris.
PLANTS............... CEANOTHUS, COYOTE.... Ceanothus ferrisae.. L, E
DUDLEYA, SANTA CLARA Dudleya setchellii.. L, E
VALLEY.
GOLDFIELDS, CONTRA Lasthenia conjugens. L, E
COSTA.
NAVARRETIA, FEW- Navarretia L, E
FLOWERED. leucocephala ssp.
pauciflora.
NAVARRETIA, MANY- Navarretia L, E
FLOWERED. leucocephala ssp.
plieantha.
PAINTBRUSH, TIBURON.. Castilleja affinis L, E
ssp. neglecta.
PAINTBRUSH, TIBURON.. Castilleja affinis L, E
ssp. neglecta.
STONECROP, LAKE Parvisedum L, E
COUNTY. leiocarpum.
THISTLE, FOUNTAIN.... Cirsium fontinale L, E
var. fontinale.
SANTA CRUZ................... PLANTS............... SANDWORT, MARSH...... Arenaria paludicola. L, E
AMPHIBIANS........... SALAMANDER, SANTA Ambystoma L, E
CRUZ LONG-TOED. macrodactylum
croceum.
[[Page 7940]]
BIRDS................ MURRELET, MARBLED.... Brachyramphus L, T, CH
marmoratus.
PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
PLOVER, WESTERN SNOWY Charadrius L, T
alexandrinus
nivosus.
FISHES............... GOBY, TIDEWATER...... Eucyclogobius L, E
newberryi.
SALMON, COHO (CENTRAL Oncorhynchus kisutch L, E
CALIFORNIA COAST
POP).
STEELHEAD, CENTRAL Oncorhynchus mykiss, L, T
CALIFORNIA (Central California
POPULATION. Coast ESU).
STEELHEAD, CENTRAL Oncorhynchus mykiss, L, T
CALIFORNIA (Central California
POPULATION. Coast ESU).
STEELHEAD, SOUTH- Oncorhynchus mykiss, L, T
CENTRAL CALIFORNIA (South-Central
POP. Calif. ESU).
STEELHEAD, SOUTH- Oncorhynchus mykiss, L, T
CENTRAL CALIFORNIA (South-Central
POP. Calif. ESU).
INSECTS.............. BEETLE, MOUNT HERMON Polyphylla barbata.. L, E
JUNE.
BEETLE, SANTA CRUZ Pleocoma conjugens P, E
RAIN. conjugens.
GRASSHOPPER, ZAYANTE Trimerotropis L, E
BAND-WINGED. infantillis.
MAMMALS.............. OTTER, SOUTHERN SEA.. Enhydra lutris L, T
nereis.
PLANTS............... CYPRESS, SANTA CRUZ.. Cupressus abramsiana L, E
PENTACHAETA, WHITE- Pentachaeta L, E
RAYED. bellidiflora.
SPINEFLOWER, BEN Chorizanthe pungens L, E
LOMOND. var. hartwegiana.
SPINEFLOWER, MONTEREY Chorizanthe pungens L, T
var. pungens.
SPINEFLOWER, ROBUST.. Chorizanthe robusta L, E
var. robusta.
SPINEFLOWER, SCOTTS Chorizanthe robusta L, E
VALLEY. var. hartwegii.
WALLFLOWER, BEN Erysimum L, E
LOMOND. teretifolium.
REPTILES............. SNAKE, SAN FRANCISCO Thamnophis sirtalis L, E
GARTER. tetrataenia.
SHASTA....................... AMPHIBIANS........... FROG, CALIFORNIA RED- Rana Aurora L, T
LEGGED. Draytonii.
BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
OWL, NORTHERN SPOTTED Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
caurina.
CRUSTACEAN........... CRAYFISH, SHASTA..... Pacifasticus fortis. L, E
SHRIMP, VERNAL POOL Lepidurus packardi.. L, E
TADPOLE.
FISHES............... SALMON, CHINOOK Oncorhynchus L, E, CH
(SACRAMENTO RIVER tshawytscha.
WINTER RUN).
STEELHEAD, CALIFORNIA Oncorhynchus mykiss, P, E
CENTRAL VALLEY POP. (Central Valley
ESU).
PLANTS............... GRASS, SLENDER ORCUTT Orcuttia tenuis..... L, T
TUCTORIA, GREEN'S.... Tuctoria greenei.... L, E
SIERRA....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FISHES............... TROUT, LAHONTAN Salmo clarki L, T
CUTTHROAT. henshawi.
SISKIYOU..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
GOOSE, ALEUTIAN Branta canadensis L, T
CANADA. leucopareia.
MURRELET, MARBLED.... Brachyramphus L, T, CH
marmoratus.
OWL, NORTHERN SPOTTED Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
caurina.
FISHES............... SUCKER, LOST RIVER... Deltistes luxatus... L, E
PLANTS............... GRASS, SLENDER ORCUTT Orcuttia tenuis..... L, T
SOLANO....................... BIRDS................ FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
GOOSE, ALEUTIAN Branta canadensis L, T
CANADA. leucopareia.
PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
RAIL, CALIFORNIA Rallus longirostris L, E
CLAPPER. obsoletus.
CRUSTACEAN........... LINDERIELLA, Linderiella P, E
CALIFORNIA. occidentalis.
SHRIMP, VERNAL POOL Branchinecta lynchi. L, T
FAIRY.
SHRIMP, VERNAL POOL Lepidurus packardi.. L, E
TADPOLE.
FISHES............... SALMON, CHINOOK Oncorhynchus L, E, CH
(SACRAMENTO RIVER tshawytscha.
WINTER RUN).
SMELT, DELTA......... Hypomesus L, T, CH
transpacificus.
STEELHEAD, CALIFORNIA Oncorhynchus mykiss, P, E
CENTRAL VALLEY POP. (Central Valley
ESU).
INSECTS.............. BEETLE, DELTA GREEN Elaphrus viridis.... L, T, CH
GROUND.
BEETLE, VALLEY Desmocerus L, T, CH
ELDERBERRY LONGHORN. californicus
dimorphus.
MAMMALS.............. MOUSE, SALT MARSH Reithrodontomys L, E
HARVEST. raviventris.
PLANTS............... GOLDFIELDS, CONTRA Lasthenia conjugens. L, E
COSTA.
GRASS, COLUSA........ Neostapfia colusana. L, T
GRASS, SOLANO........ Tuctoria mucronata L, E
(=Orcuttia m).
NAVARRETIA, FEW- Navarretia L, E
FLOWERED. leucocephala ssp.
pauciflora.
NAVARRETIA, MANY- Navarretia L, E
FLOWERED. leucocephala ssp.
plieantha.
STONECROP, LAKE Parvisedum L, E
COUNTY. leiocarpum.
SONAMA....................... FISHES............... STEELHEAD, CENTRAL Oncorhynchus mykiss, L, T
CALIFORNIA (central california
POPULATION. coast es.
STEELHEAD, CENTRAL Oncorhynchus mykiss, L, T
CALIFORNIA (central california
POPULATION. coast es.
[[Page 7941]]
BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MURRELET, MARBLED.... Brachyramphus L, T, CH
marmoratus.
OWL, NORTHERN SPOTTED Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
caurina.
PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
PLOVER, WESTERN SNOWY Charadrius L, T
alexandrinus
nivosus.
RAIL, CALIFORNIA Rallus longirostris L, E
CLAPPER. obsoletus.
CRUSTACEAN........... LINDERIELLA, Linderiella P, E
CALIFORNIA. occidentalis.
SHRIMP, CALIFORNIA Syncaris pacifica... L, E
FRESHWATER.
FISHES............... GOBY, TIDEWATER...... Eucyclogobius L, E
newberryi.
SALMON, CHINOOK Oncorhynchus L, E, CH
(SACRAMENTO RIVER tshawytscha.
WINTER RUN).
SALMON, COHO (CENTRAL Oncorhyncgus kisutch L, E
CALIFORNIA COAST
POP).
STEELHEAD, CALIFORNIA Oncorhynchus mykiss, P, E
CENTRAL VALLEY POP. (central valley
esu).
INSECTS.............. BUTTERFLY, BEHREN'S Speyeria zerene P, E
SILVERSPOT. behrensii.
BUTTERFLY, MYRTLE'S Speyeria zerene L, E
SILVERSPOT. myrtleae.
MAMMALS.............. MOUSE, SALT MARSH Reithrodontomys L, E
HARVEST. raviventris.
PLANTS............... ALLOCARYA, CALISTOGA. Plagiobothrys P, E
strictus.
ALOPECURUS, SONOMA... Alopecurus aequalis P, E
var. sonomensis.
BIRD'S-BEAK, Cordylanthus tenuis L, E
PENNELL'S. ssp. capillari.
BIRD'S-BEAK, Cordylanthus tenuis L, E
PENNELL'S. ssp. capillari.
BLUEGRASS, NAPA...... Poa napensis........ P, E
CHECKER-MALLOW, Sidalcea oregana P, E
KENWOOD MARSH. ssp. valida.
CHECKER-MALLOW, Sidalcea oregana P, E
KENWOOD MARSH. ssp. valida.
CLARKIA, VINE HILL... Clarkia imbricata... P, E
CLOVER, SHOWY INDIAN. Trifolum amoenum.... P, E
GOLDFIELDS, BURKE'S.. Lasthenia burkei.... L, E
LARKSPUR, YELLOW..... Delphinium luteum... P, E
LARKSPUR, YELLOW..... Delphinium luteum... P, E
LILY, PITKIN MARSH... Lilium pitkinense... P, E
LUPINE, CLOVER....... Lupinus tidestromii. L, E
MEADOWFOAM, Limnanthes vinculans L, E
SEBASTOPOL.
MILK-VETCH, CLARA Astragalus clarianus P, E
HUNT'S.
SEDGE, WHITE......... Carex albida........ P, E
SPINEFLOWER, SONOMA.. Chorizanthe valida.. L, E
STICKYSEED, BAKER'S.. Blennosperma bakeri. L, E
STANISLAUS................... PLANTS............... ADOBE SUNBURST, SAN Pseudobahia L, T
JOAQUIN. peirsonii.
BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
GOOSE, ALEUTIAN Branta canadensis L, T
CANADA. leucopareia.
CRUSTACEAN........... SHRIMP, VERNAL POOL Lepidurus packardi.. L, E
TADPOLE.
FISHES............... STEELHEAD, CALIFORNIA Oncorhynchus mykiss, P, E
CENTRAL VALLEY POP. (Central Valley
ESU).
INSECTS.............. BEETLE, VALLEY Desmocerus L, T, CH
ELDERBERRY LONGHORN. californicus
dimorphus.
MAMMALS.............. FOX, SAN JOAQUIN KIT. Vulpes macrotis L, E
mutica.
PLANTS............... GOLDEN SUNBURST, Pseudobahia L, E
HARTWEG'S. bahiifolia.
GRASS, COLUSA........ Neostapfia colusana. L, T
GRASS, HAIRY ORCUTT.. Orcuttia pilosa..... L, E
OWL'S-CLOVER, FLESHY. Castilleja L, E
campestris ssp.
succulenta.
SPURGE, HOOVER'S..... Chamaesyce hooveri.. L, T
SUTTER....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
GOOSE, ALEUTIAN Branta canadensis L, T
CANADA. leucopareia.
CRUSTACEAN........... SHRIMP, VERNAL POOL Lepidurus packardi.. L, E
TADPOLE.
FISHES............... SALMON, CHINOOK Oncorhynchus L, E, CH
(SACRAMENTO RIVER tshawytscha.
WINTER RUN).
STEELHEAD, CALIFORNIA Oncorhynchus mykiss, P, E
CENTRAL VALLEY POP. (Central Valley
ESU).
INSECTS.............. BEETLE, VALLEY Desmocerus L, T, CH
ELDERBERRY LONGHORN. californicus
dimorphus.
REPTILES............. SNAKE, GIANT GARTER.. Thamnophis gigas.... L, T
TEHAMA....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
OWL, NORTHERN SPOTTED Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
caurina.
CRUSTACEAN........... SHRIMP, VERNAL POOL Lepidurus packardi.. L, E
TADPOLE.
FISHES............... SALMON, CHINOOK Oncorhynchus L, E, CH
(SACRAMENTO RIVER tshawytscha.
WINTER RUN).
STEELHEAD, CALIFORNIA Oncorhynchus mykiss, P, E
CENTRAL VALLEY POP. (Central Valley
ESU).
INSECTS.............. BEETLE, VALLEY Desmocerus L, T, CH
ELDERBERRY LONGHORN. californicus
dimorphus.
[[Page 7942]]
PLANTS............... GRASS, HAIRY ORCUTT.. Orcuttia pilosa..... L, E
GRASS, SLENDER ORCUTT Orcuttia tenuis..... L, T
MEADOWFOAM, BUTTE Limnanthes floccosa L, E
COUNTY. ssp. californica.
SPURGE, HOOVER'S..... Chamaesyce hooveri.. L, T
TUCTORIA, GREEN'S.... Tuctoria greenei.... L, E
TRINITY...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
OWL, NORTHERN SPOTTED Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
caurina.
TULARE....................... BIRDS................ CONDOR, CALIFORNIA... Gymnogyps L, E, CH
californianus.
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FISHES............... TROUT, LITTLE KERN Salmo aguabonita L, T, CH
GOLDEN. whitei.
MAMMALS.............. FOX, SAN JOAQUIN KIT. Vulpes macrotis L, E
mutica.
KANGAROO RAT, GIANT.. Dipodomys ingens.... L, E
KANGAROO RAT, TIPTON. Dipodomys L, E
nitratoides.
RAT, GIANT KANGAROO.. Dipodomys ingens.... L, E
RAT, TIPTON KANGAROO. Dipodomys L, E
nitratoides.
CHECKER-MALLOW, Sidalcea keckii..... P, E
KECK'S.
CHECKER-MALLOW, Sidalcea keckii..... P, E
KECK'S.
PLANTS............... CLARKIA, SPRINGVILLE. Clarkia P, T
springvillensis.
JEWELFLOWER, Caulanthus L, E
CALIFORNIA. californicus.
LILY, GREENHORN ADOBE Fritillaria striata. P, T
SPURGE, HOOVER'S..... Chamaesyce hooveri.. L, T
WOOLLY-THREADS, SAN Lembertia congdonii. L, E
JOAQUIN.
REPTILES............. LIZARD, BLUNT-NOSED Gambelia L, E
LEOPARD. (Crotaphytus) silus.
TUOLUMNE..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FISHES............... TROUT, LAHONTAN Salmo clarki L, T
CUTTHROAT. henshawi.
PLANTS............... BRODIAEA, CHINESE Brodiaea pallida.... P, E
CAMP.
BUTTERWEED, LAYNE'S.. Senecio layneae..... L, T
CLARKIA, SPRINGVILLE. Clarkia P, T
springvillensis.
LILY, GREENHORN ADOBE Fritillaria striata. P, T
LUPINE, MARIPOSA..... Lupinus citrinus P, E
var. deflexus.
MONKEY-FLOWER, KELSO Mimulus shevockii... P, E
CREEK.
NAVARRETIA, PIUTE Navarretia setiloba. P, T
MOUNTAINS.
ONION, RAWHIDE HILL.. Allium tuolumnense.. P, T
PUSSYPAWS, MARIPOSA.. Calyptridium P, E
pulchellum.
VERVAIN, RED HILLS... Verbena californica. P, T
VENTURA...................... AMPHIBIANS........... TOAD, ARROYO Bufo microscaphus L, E
SOUTHWESTERN. californicus.
BIRDS................ CONDOR, CALIFORNIA... Gymnogyps L, E, CH
californianus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
PLOVER, WESTERN SNOWY Charadrius L, T
alexandrinus
nivosus.
RAIL, LIGHT-FOOTED Rallus longirostris L, E
CLAPPER. levipes.
TERN, CALIFORNIA Sterna antillarum L, E
LEAST. browni.
VIREO, LEAST BELL'S.. Vireo bellii L, E, CH
pusillus.
CRUSTACEAN........... LINDERIELLA, Linderiella P, E
CALIFORNIA. occidentalis.
SHRIMP, CONSERVANCY Brancinecta L, E
FAIRY. conservatio.
FISHES............... GOBY, TIDEWATER...... Eucyclogobius L, E
newberryi.
STEELHEAD, SOUTHERN Oncorhynchus mykiss, L, E
CALIFORNIA (Southern
POPULATION. California ESU).
STEELHEAD, SOUTHERN Oncorhynchus mykiss, L, E
CALIFORNIA (Southern
POPULATION. California ESU).
MAMMALS.............. FOX, SAN JOAQUIN KIT. Vulpes macrotis L, E
mutica.
PLANTS............... BIRD'S-BEAK, SALT Cordylanthus L, E
MARSH. maritimus ssp.
maritimus.
DUDLEYA, CONEJO...... Dudleya abramsii L, T
ssp. parva.
DUDLEYA, SANTA MONICA Dudleya cymosa ssp. L, T
MOUNTAINS. ovatifolia.
DUDLEYA, VERITY'S.... Dudleya verityi..... L, T
GRASS, CALIFORNIA Orcuttia californica L, E
ORCUTT.
MILK-VETCH, Astragalus L, E
BRAUNTON'S. brauntonii.
PENTACHAETA, LYON'S.. Pentachaeta lyonii.. P, E
WATERCRESS, GAMBEL'S. Rorippa gambellii... L, E
REPTILES............. LIZARD, BLUNT-NOSED Gambelia L, E
LEOPARD. (Crotaphytus) silus.
LIZARD, ISLAND NIGHT. Xantusia L, T
(Klaubernina)
riversiana.
YOLO......................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
GOOSE, ALEUTIAN Branta canadensis L, T
CANADA. leucopareia.
PLOVER, WESTERN SNOWY Charadrius L, T
alexandrinus
nivosus.
CRUSTACEAN........... SHRIMP, VERNAL POOL Lepidurus packardi.. L, E
TADPOLE.
FISHES............... SALMON, CHINOOK Oncorhynchus L, E, CH
(SACRAMENTO RIVER tshawytscha.
WINTER RUN).
SMELT, DELTA......... Hypomesus L, T, CH
transpacificus.
STEELHEAD, CALIFORNIA Oncorhynchus mykiss, P, E
CENTRAL VALLEY POP. (Central Valley
ESU).
INSECTS.............. BEETLE, VALLEY Desmocerus L, T, CH
ELDERBERRY LONGHORN. californicus
dimorphus.
[[Page 7943]]
PLANTS............... BIRD'S-BEAK, PALMATE- Cordylanthes L, E
BRACTED. palmatus.
GRASS, COLUSA........ Neostapfia colusana. L, T
REPTILES............. SNAKE, GIANT GARTER.. Thamnophis gigas.... L, T
YUBA......................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
CRUSTACEAN........... LINDERIELLA, Linderiella P, E
CALIFORNIA. occidentalis.
SHRIMP, VERNAL POOL Branchinecta lynchi. L, T
FAIRY.
SHRIMP, VERNAL POOL Lepidurus packardi.. L, E
TADPOLE.
INSECTS.............. BEETLE, VALLEY Desmocerus L, T, CH
ELDERBERRY LONGHORN. californicus
dimorphus.
COLORADO
ADAMS........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
ALAMOSA...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
OWL, MEXICAN SPOTTED. Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
lucida.
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
ARCHULETA.................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
OWL, MEXICAN SPOTTED. Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
lucida.
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
BACA......................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
BENT......................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
BOULDER...................... FISHES............... TROUT, GREENBACK Salmo clarki stomias L, T
CUTTHROAT.
PLANTS............... LADIES'-TRESSES, UTE. Spiranthes L, T
diluvialis.
CHAFFEE...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
OWL, MEXICAN SPOTTED. Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
lucida.
INSECTS.............. BUTTERFLY, Boloria acrocnema... L, E
UNCOMPAHGRE
FRITILLARY.
CHEYENNE..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
CLEAR CREEK.................. FISHES............... TROUT, GREENBACK Salmo clarki stomias L, T
CUTTHROAT.
CONEJOS...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
OWL, MEXICAN SPOTTED. Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
lucida.
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
COSTILLA..................... MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
CUSTER....................... BIRDS................ FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
OWL, MEXICAN SPOTTED. Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
lucida.
FISHES............... TROUT, GREENBACK Salmo clarki stomias L, T
CUTTHROAT.
DELTA........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FISHES............... SQUAWFISH, COLORADO.. Ptychocheilus lucius L, CH
SUCKER, RAZORBACK.... Xyrauchen texanus... L, E, CH
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
PLANTS............... CACTUS, SPINELESS Echinocereus L, E
HEDGEHOG. triglochidiatus
var. inermis.
CACTUS, UINTA BASIN Sclerocactus glaucus L, T
HOOKLESS. (=Echinocactus g,
S. whipplei).
WILD-BUCKWHEAT, CLAY- Eriogonum L, E, CH
LOVING. pelinophilum.
DOLORES...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
OWL, MEXICAN SPOTTED. Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
lucida.
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
DOUGLAS...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FISHES............... TROUT, GREENBACK Salmo clarki stomias L, T
CUTTHROAT.
INSECTS.............. SKIPPER, PAWNEE Hesperia leonardus L, T
MONTANE. (=pawnee) montana.
EAGLE........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
INSECTS.............. BUTTERFLY, Boloria acrocnema... L, E
UNCOMPAHGRE
FRITILLARY.
EL PASO...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
OWL, MEXICAN SPOTTED. Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
lucida.
FISHES............... TROUT, GREENBACK Salmo clarki stomias L, T
CUTTHROAT.
BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FREMONT...................... BIRDS................ OWL, MEXICAN SPOTTED. Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
lucida.
GARFIELD..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FISHES............... SQUAWFISH, COLORADO.. Ptychocheilus lucius L, CH
SUCKER, RAZORBACK.... Xyrauchen texanus... L, E, CH
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
PLANTS............... CACTUS, UINTA BASIN Sclerocactus glaucus L, T
HOOKLESS. (=Echinocactus g,
S. whipplei).
GRAND........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLANTS............... BEARDTONGUE, PENLAND. Penstemon penlandii. L, E
MILK-VETCH, OSTERHOUT Astragalus L, E
osterhoutii.
[[Page 7944]]
GUNNISON..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
INSECTS.............. BUTTERFLY, Boloria acrocnema... L, E
UNCOMPAHGRE
FRITILLARY.
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
HINSDALE..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
OWL, MEXICAN SPOTTED. Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
lucida.
INSECTS.............. BUTTERFLY, Boloria acrocnema... L, E
UNCOMPAHGRE
FRITILLARY.
HUERFANO..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
OWL, MEXICAN SPOTTED. Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
lucida.
FISHES............... TROUT, GREENBACK Salmo clarki stomias L, T
CUTTHROAT.
JACKSON...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLANTS............... PHACELIA, NORTH PARK. Phacelia formosula.. L, E
JEFFERSON.................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
INSECTS.............. SKIPPER, PAWNEE Hesperia leonardus L, T
MONTANE. (=pawnee) montana.
PLANTS............... LADIES'-TRESSES, UTE. Spiranthes L, T
diluvialis.
KIOWA........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
LA PLATA..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
OWL, MEXICAN SPOTTED. Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
lucida.
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
PLANTS............... CACTUS, KNOWLTON..... Pediocactus L, E
knowltonii.
LAKE......................... BIRDS................ OWL, MEXICAN SPOTTED. Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
lucida.
FISHES............... TROUT, GREENBACK Salmo clarki stomias L, T
CUTTHROAT.
INSECTS.............. BUTTERFLY, Boloria acrocnema... L, E
UNCOMPAHGRE
FRITILLARY.
LARIMER...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FISHES............... TROUT, GREENBACK Salmo clarki stomias L, T
CUTTHROAT.
LAS ANIMAS................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
LINCOLN...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
LOGAN........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
MESA......................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FISHES............... CHUB, BONYTAIL....... Gila elegans........ L, E, CH
CHUB, HUMPBACK....... Gila cypha.......... L, E, CH
SQUAWFISH, COLORADO.. Ptychocheilus lucius L, CH
SUCKER, RAZORBACK.... Xyrauchen texanus... L, E, CH
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
PLANTS............... CACTUS, SPINELESS Echinocereus L, E
HEDGEHOG. triglochidiatus
var. inermis.
CACTUS, UINTA BASIN Sclerocactus glaucus L, T
HOOKLESS. (=Echinocactus g,
S. whipplei).
MOFFAT....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
OWL, MEXICAN SPOTTED. Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
lucida.
FISHES............... CHUB, BONYTAIL....... Gila elegans........ L, E, CH
CHUB, HUMPBACK....... Gila cypha.......... L, E, CH
SQUAWFISH, COLORADO.. Ptychocheilus lucius L, CH
SUCKER, RAZORBACK.... Xyrauchen texanus... L, E, CH
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
MONTEZUMA.................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
OWL, MEXICAN SPOTTED. Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
lucida.
FISHES............... SQUAWFISH, COLORADO.. Ptychocheilus lucius L, CH
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
PLANTS............... CACTUS, MESA VERDE... Sclerocactus mesae- L, T
verdae
(=Pediocactus m).
MILK-VETCH, MANCOS... Astragalus L, E
humillimus.
MONTROSE..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
OWL, MEXICAN SPOTTED. Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
lucida.
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
PLANTS............... CACTUS, SPINELESS Echinocereus L, E
HEDGEHOG. triglochidiatus
var. inermis.
CACTUS, UINTA BASIN Sclerocactus glaucus L, T
HOOKLESS. (=Echinocactus g,
S. whipplei).
WILD-BUCKWHEAT, CLAY- Eriogonum L, E, CH
LOVING. pelinophilum.
MORGAN....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLANTS............... LADIES'-TRESSES, UTE. Spiranthes L, T
diluvialis.
OTERO........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
OURAY........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
[[Page 7945]]
OWL, MEXICAN SPOTTED. Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
lucida.
INSECTS.............. BUTTERFLY, Boloria acrocnema... L, E
UNCOMPAHGRE
FRITILLARY.
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
PARK......................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FISHES............... TROUT, GREENBACK Salmo clarki stomias L, T
CUTTHROAT.
INSECTS.............. SKIPPER, PAWNEE Hesperia leonardus L, T
MONTANE. (=pawnee) montana.
PLANTS............... MUSTARD, PENLAND Eutrema penlandii... L, T
ALPINE FEN.
PITKIN....................... INSECTS.............. BUTTERFLY, Boloria acrocnema... L, E
UNCOMPAHGRE
FRITILLARY.
PROWERS...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PUEBLO....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
OWL, MEXICAN SPOTTED. Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
lucida.
RIO BLANCO................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FISHES............... SQUAWFISH, COLORADO.. Ptychocheilus lucius L, CH
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
PLANTS............... BLADDERPOD, DUDLEY Lesquerella congesta L, T
BLUFFS.
TWINPOD, DUDLEY Physaria obcordata.. L, T
BLUFFS.
RIO GRANDE................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
OWL, MEXICAN SPOTTED. Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
lucida.
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
ROUTT........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
SAGUACHE..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
OWL, MEXICAN SPOTTED. Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
lucida.
INSECTS.............. BUTTERFLY, Boloria acrocnema... L, E
UNCOMPAHGRE
FRITILLARY.
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
SAN JUAN..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
OWL, MEXICAN SPOTTED. Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
lucida.
SAN MIGUEL................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
OWL, MEXICAN SPOTTED. Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
lucida.
INSECTS.............. BUTTERFLY, Boloria acrocnema... L, E
UNCOMPAHGRE
FRITILLARY.
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
PLANTS............... CACTUS, SPINELESS Echinocereus L, E
HEDGEHOG. triglochidiatus
var. inermis.
SEDGWICK..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
SUMMIT....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLANTS............... MUSTARD, PENLAND Eutrema penlandii... L, T
ALPINE FEN.
TELLER....................... BIRDS................ FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
OWL, MEXICAN SPOTTED. Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
lucida.
INSECTS.............. SKIPPER, PAWNEE Hesperia leonardus L, T
MONTANE. (=pawnee) montana.
WASHINGTON................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
WELD......................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLANTS............... LADIES'-TRESSES, UTE. Spiranthes L, T
diluvialis.
YUMA......................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
CONNECTICUT
FAIRFIELD.................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
HARTFORD..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FISHES............... STURGEON, SHORTNOSE.. Acipenser L, E
brevirostrum.
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
LITCHFIELD................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
PLANTS............... POGONIA, SMALL Isotria medeoloides. L, T
WHORLED.
MIDDLESEX.................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
FISHES............... STURGEON, SHORTNOSE.. Acipenser L, E
brevirostrum.
INSECTS.............. BEETLE, PURITAN TIGER Cicindela puritana.. L, T
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
NEW HAVEN.................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, ROSEATE........ Sterna dougalli L, E, T
dougalli.
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
NEW LONDON................... BIRDS................ PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
TOLLAND...................... MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
PLANTS............... POGONIA, SMALL Isotria medeoloides. L, T
WHORLED.
[[Page 7946]]
WINDHAM...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA......... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
CRUSTACEAN........... AMPHIPOD, HAY'S Stygobromus hayi.... L, E
SPRING.
DELAWARE
KENT......................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FISHES............... STURGEON, SHORTNOSE.. Acipenser L, E
brevirostrum.
PLANTS............... PINK, SWAMP.......... Helonias bullata.... L, T
REPTILES............. TURTLE, HAWKSBILL SEA Eretmochelys L, E, CH
imbricata.
TURTLE, KEMP'S Lepidochelys kempii. L, E
(ATLANTIC) RIDLEY
SEA.
TURTLE, LOGGERHEAD Caretta caretta..... L, T
SEA.
NEW CASTLE................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FISHES............... STURGEON, SHORTNOSE.. Acipenser L, E
brevirostrum.
PLANTS............... PINK, SWAMP.......... Helonias bullata.... L, T
POGONIA, SMALL Isotria medeoloides. L, T
WHORLED.
SUSSEX....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
BIRDS................ FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
MAMMALS.............. SQUIRREL, DELMARVA Sciurus niger L, E
PENINSULA FOX. cinereus.
PLANTS............... PINK, SWAMP.......... Helonias bullata.... L, T
REPTILES............. TURTLE, KEMP'S Lepidochelys kempii. L, E
(ATLANTIC) RIDLEY
SEA.
TURTLE, LOGGERHEAD Caretta caretta..... L, T
SEA.
GUAM
GUAM......................... BIRDS................ BROADBILL, GUAM...... Myiagra freycineti.. L, E
CROW, MARIANA........ Corvus kubaryi...... L, E
KINGFISHER, GUAM Halcyon cinnamomina L, E
MICRONESIAN. cinnamomina.
MOORHEN, MARIANA Gallinula chloropus L, E
COMMON. guami.
RAIL, GUAM........... Rallus owstoni...... L, E
SWIFTLET, MARIANA Aerodramus L, E
GRAY (=VANIKORO). vanikorensis
bartschi.
WHITE-EYE, BRIDLED Zosterops L, E
(NOSSA). conspicillata
conspicillata.
WHITE-EYE, BRIDLED Zosterops L, E
(NOSSA). conspicillata
conspicillata.
MAMMALS.............. BAT, LITTLE MARIANA Pteropus tokudae.... L, E
FRUIT.
BAT, MARIANA FRUIT... Pteropus mariannus L, E
mariannus.
DUGONG............... Dugong dugon........ L, E
PLANTS............... HAYUN LAGU (TRONKON Serianthes nelsonii. L, E
GUAFI).
REPTILES............. TURTLE, GREEN SEA.... Chelonia mydas...... L, E, T
TURTLE, HAWKSBILL SEA Eretmochelys L, E, CH
imbricata.
IOWA
ADAIR........................ MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
MILKWEED, MEAD'S..... Asclepias meadii.... L, T
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
ADAMS........................ MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
ALLAMAKEE.................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
CLAMS................ PEARLYMUSSEL, Lampsilis higginsi.. L, E
HIGGINS' EYE.
PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
MONKSHOOD, NORTHERN Aconitum L, T
WILD. noveboracense.
APPANOOSE.................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
ORCHID, EASTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. leucophaea.
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
AUDUBON...................... PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
BENTON....................... PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
BLACK HAWK................... PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
BOONE........................ PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
BREMER....................... PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
BUCHANAN..................... PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
BUENA VISTA.................. PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
BUTLER....................... PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
[[Page 7947]]
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
CALHOUN...................... PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
CARROLL...................... PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
CASS......................... MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
CEDAR........................ MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
ORCHID, EASTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. leucophaea.
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
CERRO GORDO.................. PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
FERN, AMERICAN HART'S- Phyllitis L, T
TONGUE. scolopendrium var.
americana.
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
CHEROKEE..................... PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
CHICKASAW.................... PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
CLARKE....................... MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
MILKWEED, MEAD'S..... Asclepias meadii.... L, T
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
CLAY......................... PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
CLAYTON...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
CLAMS................ PEARLYMUSSEL, Lampsilis higginsi.. L, E
HIGGINS' EYE.
PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
MONKSHOOD, NORTHERN Aconitum L, T
WILD. noveboracense.
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
SNAILS............... SNAIL, IOWA Discus macclintocki. L, E
PLEISTOCENE.
CLINTON...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
CLAMS................ PEARLYMUSSEL, Lampsilis higginsi.. L, E
HIGGINS' EYE.
PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
SNAILS............... SNAIL, IOWA Discus macclintocki. L, E
PLEISTOCENE.
CRAWFORD..................... PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
DALLAS....................... MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
DAVIS........................ MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
ORCHID, EASTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. leucophaea.
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
DECATUR...................... MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
MILKWEED, MEAD'S..... Asclepias meadii.... L, T
ORCHID, EASTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. leucophaea.
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
DELAWARE..................... PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
MONKSHOOD, NORTHERN Aconitum L, T
WILD. noveboracense.
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
DES MOINES................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
CLAMS................ PEARLYMUSSEL, Lampsilis higginsi.. L, E
HIGGINS' EYE.
POCKETBOOK, FAT...... Potamilus L, E
(=Proptera) capax.
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
ORCHID, EASTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. leucophaea.
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
DICKINSON.................... FISHES............... SALMON, SNAKE RIVER Oncorhynchus nerka.. L, E, CH
SOCKEYE.
PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
DUBUQUE...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
CLAMS................ PEARLYMUSSEL, Lampsilis higginsi.. L, E
HIGGINS' EYE.
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
MONKSHOOD, NORTHERN Aconitum L, T
WILD. noveboracense.
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
SNAILS............... SNAIL, IOWA Discus macclintocki. L, E
PLEISTOCENE.
EMMET........................ PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
FAYETTE...................... PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
SNAILS............... SNAIL, IOWA Discus macclintocki. L, E
PLEISTOCENE.
[[Page 7948]]
FLOYD........................ PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
FRANKLIN..................... PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
FREMONT...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
GREENE....................... PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
GRUNDY....................... PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
GUTHRIE...................... MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
HAMILTON..................... PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
HANCOCK...................... PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
HARDIN....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
HARRISON..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
HENRY........................ MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
ORCHID, EASTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. leucophaea.
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
HOWARD....................... PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
HUMBOLDT..................... PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
IDA.......................... PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
IOWA......................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
ORCHID, EASTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. leucophaea.
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
JACKSON...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
CLAMS................ PEARLYMUSSEL, Lampsilis higginsi.. L, E
HIGGINS' EYE.
PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
MONKSHOOD, NORTHERN Aconitum L, T
WILD. noveboracense.
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
SNAILS............... SNAIL, IOWA Discus macclintocki. L, E
PLEISTOCENE.
JASPER....................... MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
JEFFERSON.................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
ORCHID, EASTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. leucophaea.
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
JOHNSON...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
CLAMS................ POCKETBOOK, FAT...... Potamilus L, E
(=Proptera) capax.
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
ORCHID, EASTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. leucophaea.
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
JONES........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
KEOKUK....................... MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
ORCHID, EASTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. leucophaea.
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
KOSSUTH...................... PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
LEE.......................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
CLAMS................ PEARLYMUSSEL, Lampsilis higginsi.. L, E
HIGGINS' EYE.
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
[[Page 7949]]
PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
ORCHID, EASTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. leucophaea.
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
LINN......................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
BIRDS................ FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLANTS............... ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
LOUISA....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
CLAMS................ PEARLYMUSSEL, Lampsilis higginsi.. L, E
HIGGINS' EYE.
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
ORCHID, EASTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. leucophaea.
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
LUCAS........................ MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
MILKWEED, MEAD'S..... Asclepias meadii.... L, T
ORCHID, EASTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. leucophaea.
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
LYON......................... FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
PLANTS............... ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
MADISON...................... MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
MILKWEED, MEAD'S..... Asclepias meadii.... L, T
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
MAHASKA...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
MARION....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
MARSHALL..................... PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
MILLS........................ FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
MITCHELL..................... PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
MONONA....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
MONROE....................... MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
ORCHID, EASTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. leucophaea.
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
MONTGOMERY................... MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
MUSCATINE.................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
BIRDS................ FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
CLAMS................ PEARLYMUSSEL, Lampsilis higginsi.. L, E
HIGGINS' EYE.
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
ORCHID, EASTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. leucophaea.
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
OBRIEN....................... PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
OSCEOLA...................... PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
OTHER--999................... PLANTS............... ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
PAGE......................... MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
PALO ALTO.................... PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
PLYMOUTH..................... FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
PLANTS............... ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
POCAHONTAS................... PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
POLK......................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
[[Page 7950]]
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
POTTAWATTAMIE................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
POWESHIEK.................... MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
RINGGOLD..................... MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
MILKWEED, MEAD'S..... Asclepias meadii.... L, T
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
SAC.......................... PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
SCOTT........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
CLAMS................ PEARLYMUSSEL, Lampsilis higginsi.. L, E
HIGGINS' EYE.
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
ORCHID, EASTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. leucophaea.
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
SHELBY....................... PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
SIOUX........................ FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
PLANTS............... ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
STORY........................ PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
TAMA......................... PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
TAYLOR....................... MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
UNION........................ MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
MILKWEED, MEAD'S..... Asclepias meadii.... L, T
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
VAN BUREN.................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
ORCHID, EASTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. leucophaea.
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
WAPELLO...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
ORCHID, EASTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. leucophaea.
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
WARREN....................... MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
MILKWEED, MEAD'S..... Asclepias meadii.... L, T
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
WASHINGTON................... MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
ORCHID, EASTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. leucophaea.
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
WAYNE........................ MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
MILKWEED, MEAD'S..... Asclepias meadii.... L, T
ORCHID, EASTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. leucophaea.
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
WEBSTER...................... PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
WINNEBAGO.................... PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
WINNESHIEK................... PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
SNAILS............... SNAIL, IOWA Discus macclintocki. L, E
PLEISTOCENE.
WOODBURY..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
[[Page 7951]]
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
WORTH........................ PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
WRIGHT....................... PLANTS............... BUSH-CLOVER, PRAIRIE. Lespedeza L, T
leptostachya.
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
IDAHO
ADA.......................... BIRDS................ FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FISHES............... TROUT, BULL (COLUMBIA Salvelinus P, T
RIVER POPULATION). confluentus.
ADAMS........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FISHES............... SALMON, CHINOOK Oncorhynchus L, E, CH
(SNAKE RIVER FALL tshawytscha.
RUN).
SALMON, CHINOOK Oncorhynchus L, E, CH
(SNAKE RIVER SPRING/ tshawytscha.
SUMMER).
STEELHEAD, SNAKE Oncorhynchus mykiss, L, T
RIVER BASIN (Snake River Basin
POPULATION. ESU).
STEELHEAD, SNAKE Oncorhynchus mykiss, L, T
RIVER BASIN (Snake River Basin
POPULATION. ESU).
TROUT, BULL (COLUMBIA Salvelinus P, T
RIVER POPULATION). confluentus.
MAMMALS.............. WOLF, GRAY........... Canis lupus......... L, E, T, CH
BANNOCK...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
BEAR LAKE.................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
BENEWAH...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
MAMMALS.............. WOLF, GRAY........... Canis lupus......... L, E, T, CH
BINGHAM...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
BLAINE....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FISHES............... SALMON, CHINOOK Oncorhynchus L, E, CH
(SNAKE RIVER SPRING/ tshawytscha.
SUMMER).
SALMON, SNAKE RIVER Oncorhynchus nerka.. L, E, CH
SOCKEYE.
MAMMALS.............. WOLF, GRAY........... Canis lupus......... L, E, T, CH
BOISE........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FISHES............... TROUT, BULL (COLUMBIA Salvelinus P, T
RIVER POPULATION). confluentus.
MAMMALS.............. WOLF, GRAY........... Canis lupus......... L, E, T, CH
BONNER....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FISHES............... TROUT, BULL (COLUMBIA Salvelinus P, T
RIVER POPULATION). confluentus.
MAMMALS.............. BEAR, GRIZZLY........ Ursus arctos (=Ua L, T
horribilis).
CARIBOU, WOODLAND.... Rangifer tarandus D, E
caribou.
WOLF, GRAY........... Canis lupus......... L, E, T, CH
BONNEVILLE................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MAMMALS.............. WOLF, GRAY........... Canis lupus......... L, E, T, CH
BOUNDARY..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FISHES............... STURGEON, WHITE Acipenser L, E
(KOOTENAI RIVER POP). transmontanus.
STURGEON, WHITE Acipenser L, E
(KOOTENAI RIVER POP). transmontanus.
TROUT, BULL (COLUMBIA Salvelinus P, T
RIVER POPULATION). confluentus.
MAMMALS.............. BEAR, GRIZZLY........ Ursus arctos (=Ua L, T
horribilis).
CARIBOU, WOODLAND.... Rangifer tarandus L, E
caribou.
WOLF, GRAY........... Canis lupus......... L, E, T, CH
BUTTE........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
CAMAS........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
CANYON....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FISHES............... TROUT, BULL (COLUMBIA Salvelinus P, T
RIVER POPULATION). confluentus.
CARIBOU...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
CASSIA....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
CLARK........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MAMMALS.............. WOLF, GRAY........... Canis lupus......... L, E, T, CH
CLEARWATER................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
[[Page 7952]]
FISHES............... SALMON, CHINOOK Oncorhynchus L, E, CH
(SNAKE RIVER FALL tshawytscha.
RUN).
SALMON, CHINOOK Oncorhynchus L, E, CH
(SNAKE RIVER SPRING/ tshawytscha.
SUMMER).
STEELHEAD, SNAKE Oncorhynchus mykiss, L, T
RIVER BASIN (Snake River Basin
POPULATION. ESU).
STEELHEAD, SNAKE Oncorhynchus mykiss, L, T
RIVER BASIN (Snake River Basin
POPULATION. ESU).
TROUT, BULL (COLUMBIA Salvelinus P, T
RIVER POPULATION). confluentus.
MAMMALS.............. BEAR, GRIZZLY........ Ursus arctos (=Ua L, T
horribilis).
WOLF, GRAY........... Canis lupus......... L, E, T, CH
CUSTER....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FISHES............... SALMON, CHINOOK Oncorhynchus L, E, CH
(SNAKE RIVER SPRING/ tshawytscha.
SUMMER).
SALMON, SNAKE RIVER Oncorhynchus nerka.. L, E, CH
SOCKEYE.
STEELHEAD, SNAKE Oncorhynchus mykiss, L, T
RIVER BASIN (Snake River Basin
POPULATION. ESU).
STEELHEAD, SNAKE Oncorhynchus mykiss, L, T
RIVER BASIN (Snake River Basin
POPULATION. ESU).
TROUT, BULL (COLUMBIA Salvelinus P, T
RIVER POPULATION). confluentus.
MAMMALS.............. WOLF, GRAY........... Canis lupus......... L, E, T, CH
ELMORE....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FISHES............... TROUT, BULL (COLUMBIA Salvelinus P, T
RIVER POPULATION). confluentus.
SNAILS............... LIMPET, BANBURY Lanx n sp........... L, E
SPRINGS.
SNAIL, BLISS RAPIDS.. Family Hydrobiidae n L, T
sp.
SNAIL, SNAKE RIVER Physa natricina..... L, E
PHYSA.
SNAIL, UTAH VALVATA.. Valvata utahensis... L, E
SPRINGSNAIL, IDAHO... Fontelicella L, E
idahoensis.
FRANKLIN..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FREMONT...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MAMMALS.............. BEAR, GRIZZLY........ Ursus arctos (=Ua L, T
horribilis).
WOLF, GRAY........... Canis lupus......... L, E, T, CH
GEM.......................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
GOODING...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
SNAILS............... LIMPET, BANBURY Lanx n sp........... L, E
SPRINGS.
SNAIL, BLISS RAPIDS.. Family Hydrobiidae n L, T
sp.
SNAIL, SNAKE RIVER Physa natricina..... L, E
PHYSA.
SNAIL, UTAH VALVATA.. Valvata utahensis... L, E
IDAHO........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FISHES............... SALMON, CHINOOK Oncorhynchus L, E, CH
(SNAKE RIVER FALL tshawytscha.
RUN).
SALMON, CHINOOK Oncorhynchus L, E, CH
(SNAKE RIVER SPRING/ tshawytscha.
SUMMER).
SALMON, SNAKE RIVER Oncorhynchus nerka.. L, E, CH
SOCKEYE.
STEELHEAD, SNAKE Oncorhynchus mykiss, L, T
RIVER BASIN (Snake River Basin
POPULATION. ESU).
STEELHEAD, SNAKE Oncorhynchus mykiss, L, T
RIVER BASIN (Snake River Basin
POPULATION. ESU).
TROUT, BULL (COLUMBIA Salvelinus P, T
RIVER POPULATION). confluentus.
MAMMALS.............. BEAR, GRIZZLY........ Ursus arctos (=Ua L, T
horribilis).
WOLF, GRAY........... Canis lupus......... L, E, T, CH
PLANTS............... FOUR-O'CLOCK, Mirabilis L, T
MACFARLANE'S. macfarlanei.
JEFFERSON.................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
JEROME....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
KOOTENAI..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FISHES............... TROUT, BULL (COLUMBIA Salvelinus P, T
RIVER POPULATION). confluentus.
MAMMALS.............. WOLF, GRAY........... Canis lupus......... L, E, T, CH
PLANTS............... HOWELLIA, WATER...... Howellia aquatilis.. L, T
LATAH........................ PLANTS............... HOWELLIA, WATER...... Howellia aquatilis.. L, T
LEMHI........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FISHES............... SALMON, CHINOOK Oncorhynchus L, E, CH
(SNAKE RIVER SPRING/ tshawytscha.
SUMMER).
SALMON, SNAKE RIVER Oncorhynchus nerka.. L, E, CH
SOCKEYE.
STEELHEAD, SNAKE Oncorhynchus mykiss, L, T
RIVER BASIN (Snake River Basin
POPULATION. ESU).
[[Page 7953]]
STEELHEAD, SNAKE Oncorhynchus mykiss, L, T
RIVER BASIN (Snake River Basin
POPULATION. ESU).
TROUT, BULL (COLUMBIA Salvelinus P, T
RIVER POPULATION). confluentus.
MAMMALS.............. WOLF, GRAY........... Canis lupus......... L, E, T, CH
LEWIS........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FISHES............... SALMON, CHINOOK Oncorhynchus L, E, CH
(SNAKE RIVER SPRING/ tshawytscha.
SUMMER).
SALMON, SNAKE RIVER Oncorhynchus nerka.. L, E, CH
SOCKEYE.
STEELHEAD, SNAKE Oncorhynchus mykiss, L, T
RIVER BASIN (Snake River Basin
POPULATION. ESU).
STEELHEAD, SNAKE Oncorhynchus mykiss, L, T
RIVER BASIN (Snake River Basin
POPULATION. ESU).
TROUT, BULL (COLUMBIA Salvelinus P, T
RIVER POPULATION). confluentus.
MADISON...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
MINIDOKA..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
NEZ PERCE.................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FISHES............... SALMON, CHINOOK Oncorhynchus L, E, CH
(SNAKE RIVER FALL tshawytscha.
RUN).
SALMON, CHINOOK Oncorhynchus L, E, CH
(SNAKE RIVER SPRING/ tshawytscha.
SUMMER).
SALMON, SNAKE RIVER Oncorhynchus nerka.. L, E, CH
SOCKEYE.
TROUT, BULL (COLUMBIA Salvelinus P, T
RIVER POPULATION). confluentus.
OWYHEE....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
SNAILS............... SNAIL, SNAKE RIVER Physa natricina..... L, E
PHYSA.
SPRINGSNAIL, BRUNEAU Pyrgulopsis L, E
HOT. bruneauenis.
SPRINGSNAIL, IDAHO... Fontelicella L, E
idahoensis.
PAYETTE...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FISHES............... SALMON, CHINOOK Oncorhynchus L, E, CH
(SNAKE RIVER SPRING/ tshawytscha.
SUMMER).
POWER........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
SNAILS............... SNAIL, UTAH VALVATA.. Valvata utahensis... L, E
SHOSHONE..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
MAMMALS.............. BEAR, GRIZZLY........ Ursus arctos (=Ua L, T
horribilis).
WOLF, GRAY........... Canis lupus......... L, E, T, CH
TETON........................ MAMMALS.............. BEAR, GRIZZLY........ Ursus arctos (=Ua L, T
horribilis).
TWIN FALLS................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
SNAILS............... SNAIL, BLISS RAPIDS.. Family Hydrobiidae L, T
n. sp..
SNAIL, SNAKE RIVER Physa natricina..... L, E
PHYSA.
VALLEY....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FISHES............... SALMON, CHINOOK...... Oncorhynchus L, E, CH
tshawytscha.
SALMON, CHINOOK Oncorhynchus L, E, CH
(SNAKE RIVER SPRING/ tshawytscha.
SUMMER).
STEELHEAD, SNAKE Oncorhynchus mykiss, L, T
RIVER BASIN (Snake River Basin
POPULATION. ESU).
STEELHEAD, SNAKE Oncorhynchus mykiss, L, T
RIVER BASIN (Snake River Basin
POPULATION. ESU).
TROUT, BULL (COLUMBIA Salvelinus P, T
RIVER POPULATION). confluentus.
MAMMALS.............. WOLF, GRAY........... Canis lupus......... L, E, T, CH
WASHINGTON................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FISHES............... TROUT, BULL (COLUMBIA Salvelinus P, T
RIVER POPULATION). confluentus.
JOHNSON ATOLL
KANSAS
ALLEN........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FISHES............... MADTOM, NEOSHO....... Noturus placidus.... L, T
PLANTS............... MILKWEED, MEAD'S..... Asclepias meadii.... L, T
ANDERSON..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLANTS............... MILKWEED, MEAD'S..... Asclepias meadii.... L, T
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
ATCHISON..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
PLANTS............... ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
BARBER....................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
[[Page 7954]]
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
BARTON....................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
BOURBON...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MAMMALS.............. BAT, GRAY............ Myotis grisescens... L, E
PLANTS............... MILKWEED, MEAD'S..... Asclepias meadii.... L, T
BROWN........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
BUTLER....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
CHASE........................ BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FISHES............... MADTOM, NEOSHO....... Noturus placidus.... L, T
CHAUTAUQUA................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
CHEROKEE..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FISHES............... MADTOM, NEOSHO....... Noturus placidus.... L, T
MAMMALS.............. BAT, GRAY............ Myotis grisescens... L, E
CHEYENNE..................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
CLARK........................ BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
CLAY......................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
CLOUD........................ BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
COFFEY....................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FISHES............... MADTOM, NEOSHO....... Noturus placidus.... L, T
PLANTS............... MILKWEED, MEAD'S..... Asclepias meadii.... L, T
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
COMANCHE..................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
COWLEY....................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
CRAWFORD..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MAMMALS.............. BAT, GRAY............ Myotis grisescens... L, E
PLANTS............... MILKWEED, MEAD'S..... Asclepias meadii.... L, T
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
DECATUR...................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
DICKINSON.................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
DONIPHAN..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
INSECTS.............. BEETLE, AMERICAN Nicrophorus L, E
BURYING. americanus.
DOUGLAS...................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
[[Page 7955]]
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
INSECTS.............. BEETLE, AMERICAN Nicrophorus L, E
BURYING. americanus.
PLANTS............... MILKWEED, MEAD'S..... Asclepias meadii.... L, T
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
EDWARDS...................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
ELK.......................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
ELLIS........................ BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
ELLSWORTH.................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FINNEY....................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
FORD......................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
FRANKLIN..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLANTS............... MILKWEED, MEAD'S..... Asclepias meadii.... L, T
PLANTS............... ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
GEARY........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
GOVE......................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
GRAHAM....................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
GRANT........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
GRAY......................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
GREELEY...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
GREENWOOD.................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
HAMILTON..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
HARPER....................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
HARVEY....................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
HASKELL...................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
[[Page 7956]]
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
HODGEMAN..................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
JACKSON...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLANTS............... ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
JEFFERSON.................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLANTS............... MILKWEED, MEAD'S..... Asclepias meadii.... L, T
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
JEWELL....................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
JOHNSON...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
PLANTS............... MILKWEED, MEAD'S..... Asclepias meadii.... L, T
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
KEARNY....................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
KINGMAN...................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
KIOWA........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
LABETTE...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FISHES............... MADTOM, NEOSHO....... Noturus placidus.... L, T
MAMMALS.............. BAT, GRAY............ Myotis grisescens... L, E
LANE......................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
LEAVENWORTH.................. BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
PLANTS............... MILKWEED, MEAD'S..... Asclepias meadii.... L, T
ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
LINCOLN...................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
LINN......................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLANTS............... MILKWEED, MEAD'S..... Asclepias meadii.... L, T
LOGAN........................ BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
LYON......................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FISHES............... MADTOM, NEOSHO....... Noturus placidus.... L, T
PLANTS............... ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
MARION....................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FISHES............... MADTOM, NEOSHO....... Noturus placidus.... L, T
MARSHALL..................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MCPHERSON.................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MEADE........................ BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
[[Page 7957]]
MIAMI........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLANTS............... MILKWEED, MEAD'S..... Asclepias meadii.... L, T
MITCHELL..................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MONTGOMERY................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
INSECTS.............. BEETLE, AMERICAN Nicrophorus L, E
BURYING. americanus.
MORRIS....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FISHES............... MADTOM, NEOSHO....... Noturus placidus.... L, T
MORTON....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
NEMAHA....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
NEOSHO....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FISHES............... MADTOM, NEOSHO....... Noturus placidus.... L, T
PLANTS............... MILKWEED, MEAD'S..... Asclepias meadii.... L, T
NESS......................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
NORTON....................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
OSAGE........................ BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLANTS............... ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
OSBORNE...................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
OTTAWA....................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PAWNEE....................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
PHILLIPS..................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
POTTAWATOMIE................. BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
INSECTS.............. BEETLE, AMERICAN Nicrophorus L, E
BURYING. americanus.
PLANTS............... ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
PRATT........................ BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
RAWLINS...................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
RENO......................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
REPUBLIC..................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
RICE......................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
RILEY........................ BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
[[Page 7958]]
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
INSECTS.............. BEETLE, AMERICAN Nicrophorus L, E
BURYING. americanus.
PLANTS............... ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
ROOKS........................ BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
RUSH......................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
RUSSELL...................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
SALINE....................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
INSECTS.............. BEETLE, AMERICAN Nicrophorus L, E
BURYING. americanus.
SCOTT........................ BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
SEDGWICK..................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
SEWARD....................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
SHAWNEE...................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLANTS............... ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
SHERIDAN..................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
SHERMAN...................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
SMITH........................ BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
STAFFORD..................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
STANTON...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
STEVENS...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
SUMNER....................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
THOMAS....................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
TREGO........................ BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
WABAUNSEE.................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
WALLACE...................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
[[Page 7959]]
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
WASHINGTON................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
WICHITA...................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
WILSON....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
WOODSON...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FISHES............... MADTOM, NEOSHO....... Noturus placidus.... L, T
WYANDOTTE.................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
LOUISIANA
ACADIA....................... BIRDS................ FALCON, ARCTIC Falco peregrinus L, T
PEREGRINE. tundrius.
ALLEN........................ BIRDS................ FALCON, ARCTIC Falco peregrinus L, T
PEREGRINE. tundrius.
WOODPECKER, RED- Picoides borealis... L, E
COCKADED.
ASCENSION.................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, ARCTIC Falco peregrinus L, T
PEREGRINE. tundrius.
CLAMS................ HEELSPLITTER, Potamilus inflatus.. L, T
INFLATED.
FISHES............... STURGEON, GULF....... Acipenser L, T
oxyrhynchus
(=oxyrhynchus
desotoi).
STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
ASSUMPTION................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, ARCTIC Falco peregrinus L, T
PEREGRINE. tundrius.
MAMMALS.............. BEAR, LOUISIANA BLACK Ursus americanus L, T
luteolus.
AVOYELLES.................... BIRDS................ FALCON, ARCTIC Falco peregrinus L, T
PEREGRINE. tundrius.
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
BEAUREGARD................... BIRDS................ FALCON, ARCTIC Falco peregrinus L, T
PEREGRINE. tundrius.
WOODPECKER, RED- Picoides borealis... L, E
COCKADED.
BIENVILLE.................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, ARCTIC Falco peregrinus L, T
PEREGRINE. tundrius.
BOSSIER...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, ARCTIC Falco peregrinus L, T
PEREGRINE. tundrius.
WOODPECKER, RED- Picoides borealis... L, E
COCKADED.
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
CADDO........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, ARCTIC Falco peregrinus L, T
PEREGRINE. tundrius.
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
CALCASIEU.................... BIRDS................ FALCON, ARCTIC Falco peregrinus L, T
PEREGRINE. tundrius.
CALDWELL..................... BIRDS................ FALCON, ARCTIC Falco peregrinus L, T
PEREGRINE. tundrius.
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
CAMERON...................... BIRDS................ FALCON, ARCTIC Falco peregrinus L, T
PEREGRINE. tundrius.
PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
REPTILES............. TURTLE, KEMP'S Lepidochelys kempii. L, E
(ATLANTIC) RIDLEY
SEA.
CATAHOULA.................... BIRDS................ FALCON, ARCTIC Falco peregrinus L, T
PEREGRINE. tundrius.
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
MAMMALS.............. BEAR, LOUISIANA BLACK Ursus americanus L, T
luteolus.
CLAIBORNE.................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, ARCTIC Falco peregrinus L, T
PEREGRINE. tundrius.
WOODPECKER, RED- Picoides borealis... L, E
COCKADED.
CONCORDIA.................... FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
MAMMALS.............. BEAR, AMERICAN BLACK. Ursus americanus.... L, T
BEAR, LOUISIANA BLACK Ursus americanus L, T
luteolus.
DE SOTO...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, ARCTIC Falco peregrinus L, T
PEREGRINE. tundrius.
EAST BATON ROUGE............. BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, ARCTIC Falco peregrinus L, T
PEREGRINE. tundrius.
CLAMS................ HEELSPLITTER, Potamilus inflatus.. L, T
INFLATED.
FISHES............... STURGEON, GULF....... Acipenser L, T
oxyrhynchus
(=oxyrhynchus
desotoi).
STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
EAST CARROLL................. BIRDS................ FALCON, ARCTIC Falco peregrinus L, T
PEREGRINE. tundrius.
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
EAST FELICIANA............... BIRDS................ FALCON, ARCTIC Falco peregrinus L, T
PEREGRINE. tundrius.
EVANGELINE................... BIRDS................ FALCON, ARCTIC Falco peregrinus L, T
PEREGRINE. tundrius.
[[Page 7960]]
WOODPECKER, RED- Picoides borealis... L, E
COCKADED.
FRANKLIN..................... BIRDS................ FALCON, ARCTIC Falco peregrinus L, T
PEREGRINE. tundrius.
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
MAMMALS.............. BEAR, LOUISIANA BLACK Ursus americanus L, T
luteolus.
GRANT........................ BIRDS................ FALCON, ARCTIC Falco peregrinus L, T
PEREGRINE. tundrius.
WOODPECKER, RED- Picoides borealis... L, E
COCKADED.
CLAMS................ PEARLSHELL, LOUISIANA Margaritifera L, T
hembeli.
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
MAMMALS.............. BEAR, LOUISIANA BLACK Ursus americanus L, T
luteolus.
IBERIA....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, ARCTIC Falco peregrinus L, T
PEREGRINE. tundrius.
PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
MAMMALS.............. BEAR, LOUISIANA BLACK Ursus americanus L, T
luteolus.
IBERVILLE.................... BIRDS................ FALCON, ARCTIC Falco peregrinus L, T
PEREGRINE. tundrius.
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
MAMMALS.............. BEAR, LOUISIANA BLACK Ursus americanus L, T
luteolus.
JACKSON...................... BIRDS................ FALCON, ARCTIC Falco peregrinus L, T
PEREGRINE. tundrius.
JEFFERSON.................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, ARCTIC Falco peregrinus L, T
PEREGRINE. tundrius.
PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
REPTILES............. TURTLE, KEMP'S Lepidochelys kempii. L, E
(ATLANTIC) RIDLEY
SEA.
JEFFERSON DAVIS.............. BIRDS................ FALCON, ARCTIC Falco peregrinus L, T
PEREGRINE. tundrius.
LA SALLE..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, ARCTIC Falco peregrinus L, T
PEREGRINE. tundrius.
WOODPECKER, RED- Picoides borealis... L, E
COCKADED.
LAFAYETTE.................... BIRDS................ FALCON, ARCTIC Falco peregrinus L, T
PEREGRINE. tundrius.
LAFOURCHE.................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, ARCTIC Falco peregrinus L, T
PEREGRINE. tundrius.
PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
REPTILES............. TURTLE, KEMP'S Lepidochelys kempii. L, E
(ATLANTIC) RIDLEY
SEA.
LINCOLN...................... BIRDS................ FALCON, ARCTIC Falco peregrinus L, T
PEREGRINE. tundrius.
LIVINGSTON................... BIRDS................ FALCON, ARCTIC Falco peregrinus L, T
PEREGRINE. tundrius.
WOODPECKER, RED- Picoides borealis... L, E
COCKADED.
CLAMS................ HEELSPLITTER, Potamilus inflatus.. L, T
INFLATED.
FISHES............... STURGEON, GULF....... Acipenser L, T
oxyrhynchus
(=oxyrhynchus
desotoi).
MADISON...................... BIRDS................ FALCON, ARCTIC Falco peregrinus L, T
PEREGRINE. tundrius.
TERN, CALIFORNIA Sterna antillarum L, E
LEAST. browni.
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
MAMMALS.............. BEAR, LOUISIANA BLACK Ursus americanus L, T
luteolus.
MOREHOUSE.................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, ARCTIC Falco peregrinus L, T
PEREGRINE. tundrius.
WOODPECKER, RED- Picoides borealis... L, E
COCKADED.
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
NATCHITOCHES................. BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, ARCTIC Falco peregrinus L, T
PEREGRINE. tundrius.
WOODPECKER, RED- Picoides borealis... L, E
COCKADED.
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
ORLEANS...................... BIRDS................ FALCON, ARCTIC Falco peregrinus L, T
PEREGRINE. tundrius.
PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
FISHES............... STURGEON, GULF....... Acipenser L, T
oxyrhynchus
(=oxyrhynchus
desotoi).
STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
OUACHITA..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, ARCTIC Falco peregrinus L, T
PEREGRINE. tundrius.
WOODPECKER, RED- Picoides borealis... L, E
COCKADED.
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
PLAQUEMINES.................. BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, ARCTIC Falco peregrinus L, T
PEREGRINE. tundrius.
PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
REPTILES............. TURTLE, GREEN SEA.... Chelonia mydas...... L, E, T
TURTLE, KEMP'S Lepidochelys kempii. L, E
(ATLANTIC) RIDLEY
SEA.
TURTLE, LOGGERHEAD Caretta caretta..... L, T
SEA.
POINTE COUPEE................ BIRDS................ FALCON, ARCTIC Falco peregrinus L, T
PEREGRINE. tundrius.
[[Page 7961]]
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
MAMMALS.............. BEAR, LOUISIANA BLACK Ursus americanus L, T
luteolus.
RAPIDES...................... BIRDS................ FALCON, ARCTIC Falco peregrinus L, T
PEREGRINE. tundrius.
WOODPECKER, RED- Picoides borealis... L, E
COCKADED.
CLAMS................ PEARLSHELL, LOUISIANA Margaritifera L, T
hembeli.
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
RED RIVER.................... BIRDS................ FALCON, ARCTIC Falco peregrinus L, T
PEREGRINE. tundrius.
WOODPECKER, RED- Picoides borealis... L, E
COCKADED.
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
RICHLAND..................... BIRDS................ FALCON, ARCTIC Falco peregrinus L, T
PEREGRINE. tundrius.
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
MAMMALS.............. BEAR, LOUISIANA BLACK Ursus americanus L, T
luteolus.
SABINE....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, ARCTIC Falco peregrinus L, T
PEREGRINE. tundrius.
ST BERNARD................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, ARCTIC Falco peregrinus L, T
PEREGRINE. tundrius.
PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
FISHES............... STURGEON, GULF....... Acipenser L, T
oxyrhynchus
(=oxyrhynchus
desotoi).
STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
REPTILES............. TURTLE, GREEN SEA.... Chelonia mydas...... L, E, T
TURTLE, KEMP'S Lepidochelys kempii. L, E
(ATLANTIC) RIDLEY
SEA.
TURTLE, LOGGERHEAD Caretta caretta..... L, T
SEA.
ST CHARLES................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, ARCTIC Falco peregrinus L, T
PEREGRINE. tundrius.
FISHES............... STURGEON, GULF....... Acipenser L, T
oxyrhynchus
(=oxyrhynchus
desotoi).
STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
ST HELENA.................... BIRDS................ FALCON, ARCTIC Falco peregrinus L, T
PEREGRINE. tundrius.
ST JAMES..................... BIRDS................ FALCON, ARCTIC Falco peregrinus L, T
PEREGRINE. tundrius.
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
ST JOHN THE BAPTIST.......... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, ARCTIC Falco peregrinus L, T
PEREGRINE. tundrius.
FISHES............... STURGEON, GULF....... Acipenser L, T
oxyrhynchus
(=oxyrhynchus
desotoi).
STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
ST LANDRY.................... BIRDS................ FALCON, ARCTIC Falco peregrinus L, T
PEREGRINE. tundrius.
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
MAMMALS.............. BEAR, LOUISIANA BLACK Ursus americanus L, T
luteolus.
ST MARTIN.................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
MAMMALS.............. BEAR, LOUISIANA BLACK Ursus americanus L, T
luteolus.
ST MARY...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, ARCTIC Falco peregrinus L, T
PEREGRINE. tundrius.
PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
MAMMALS.............. BEAR, LOUISIANA BLACK Ursus americanus L, T
luteolus.
REPTILES............. TURTLE, KEMP'S Lepidochelys kempii. L, E
(ATLANTIC) RIDLEY
SEA.
ST TAMMANY................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, ARCTIC Falco peregrinus L, T
PEREGRINE. tundrius.
PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
WOODPECKER, RED- Picoides borealis... L, E
COCKADED.
FISHES............... STURGEON, GULF....... Acipenser L, T
oxyrhynchus
(=oxyrhynchus
desotoi).
MAMMALS.............. BEAR, LOUISIANA BLACK Ursus americanus L, T
luteolus.
PLANTS............... QUILLWORT, LOUISIANA. Isoetes L, E
louisianensis.
REPTILES............. TORTOISE, GOPHER..... Gopherus polyphemus. L, T
TURTLE, RINGED Graptemys oculifera. L, T
SAWBACK.
TANGIPAHOA................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, ARCTIC Falco peregrinus L, T
PEREGRINE. tundrius.
WOODPECKER, RED- Picoides borealis... L, E
COCKADED.
FISHES............... STURGEON, GULF....... Acipenser L, T
oxyrhynchus
(=oxyrhynchus
desotoi).
REPTILES............. TORTOISE, GOPHER..... Gopherus polyphemus. L, T
TENSAS....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, ARCTIC Falco peregrinus L, T
PEREGRINE. tundrius.
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
MAMMALS.............. BEAR, LOUISIANA BLACK Ursus americanus L, T
luteolus.
TERREBONNE................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, ARCTIC Falco peregrinus L, T
PEREGRINE. tundrius.
[[Page 7962]]
PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
REPTILES............. TURTLE, KEMP'S Lepidochelys kempii. L, E
(ATLANTIC) RIDLEY
SEA.
UNION........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, ARCTIC Falco peregrinus L, T
PEREGRINE. tundrius.
WOODPECKER, RED- Picoides borealis... L, E
COCKADED.
VERMILION.................... BIRDS................ FALCON, ARCTIC Falco peregrinus L, T
PEREGRINE. tundrius.
PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
MAMMALS.............. BEAR, LOUISIANA BLACK Ursus americanus L, T
luteolus.
REPTILES............. TURTLE, KEMP'S Lepidochelys kempii. L, E
(ATLANTIC) RIDLEY
SEA.
VERNON....................... BIRDS................ FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
WOODPECKER, RED- Picoides borealis... L, E
COCKADED.
WASHINGTON................... BIRDS................ FALCON, ARCTIC Falco peregrinus L, T
PEREGRINE. tundrius.
FISHES............... STURGEON, GULF....... Acipenser L, T
oxyrhynchus
(=oxyrhynchus
desotoi).
MAMMALS.............. BEAR, LOUISIANA BLACK Ursus americanus L, T
luteolus.
PLANTS............... QUILLWORT, LOUISIANA. Isoetes L, E
louisianensis.
REPTILES............. TORTOISE, GOPHER..... Gopherus polyphemus. L, T
TURTLE, RINGED Graptemys oculifera. L, T
SAWBACK.
WEBSTER...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, ARCTIC Falco peregrinus L, T
PEREGRINE. tundrius.
WOODPECKER, RED- Picoides borealis... L, E
COCKADED.
WEST BATON ROUGE............. BIRDS................ FALCON, ARCTIC Falco peregrinus L, T
PEREGRINE. tundrius.
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
WEST CARROLL................. BIRDS................ FALCON, ARCTIC Falco peregrinus L, T
PEREGRINE. tundrius.
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
WEST FELICIANA............... BIRDS................ FALCON, ARCTIC Falco peregrinus L, T
PEREGRINE. tundrius.
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
MAMMALS.............. BEAR, LOUISIANA BLACK Ursus americanus L, T
luteolus.
WINN......................... BIRDS................ FALCON, ARCTIC Falco peregrinus L, T
PEREGRINE. tundrius.
WOODPECKER, RED- Picoides borealis... L, E
COCKADED.
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
PLANTS............... GEOCARPON MINIMUM.... Geocarpon minimum... L, E
MASSACHUSETTS
BARNSTABLE................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, ROSEATE........ Sterna dougalli L, E, T
dougalli.
PLANTS............... GERARDIA, SANDPLAIN.. Agalinus acuta...... L, E
REPTILES............. TURTLE, KEMP'S Lepidochelys kempii. L, E
(ATLANTIC) RIDLEY
SEA.
TURTLE, LOGGERHEAD Caretta caretta..... L, T
SEA.
BERKSHIRE.................... MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
COUGAR, EASTERN...... Felis concolor L, E
couguar.
BRISTOL...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
FISHES............... STURGEON, SHORTNOSE.. Acipenser L, E
brevirostrum.
REPTILES............. TURTLE, KEMP'S Lepidochelys kempii. L, E
(ATLANTIC) RIDLEY
SEA.
TURTLE, LOGGERHEAD Caretta caretta..... L, T
SEA.
DUKES........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
INSECTS.............. BEETLE, NORTHEASTERN Cicindela dorsalis L, T
BEACH TIGER. dorsalis.
REPTILES............. TURTLE, KEMP'S Lepidochelys kempii. L, E
(ATLANTIC) RIDLEY
SEA.
TURTLE, LOGGERHEAD Caretta caretta..... L, T
SEA.
ESSEX........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
FISHES............... STURGEON, SHORTNOSE.. Acipenser L, E
brevirostrum.
PLANTS............... POGONIA, SMALL Isotria medeoloides. L, T
WHORLED.
REPTILES............. TURTLE, KEMP'S Lepidochelys kempii. L, E
(ATLANTIC) RIDLEY
SEA.
TURTLE, LOGGERHEAD Caretta caretta..... L, T
SEA.
FRANKLIN..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FISHES............... STURGEON, SHORTNOSE.. Acipenser L, E
brevirostrum.
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
PLANTS............... BULRUSH, NORTHEASTERN Scirpus L, E
(=BARBED BRISTLE). ancistrochaetus.
HAMPDEN...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FISHES............... STURGEON, SHORTNOSE.. Acipenser L, E
brevirostrum.
[[Page 7963]]
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
PLANTS............... POGONIA, SMALL Isotria medeoloides. L, T
WHORLED.
HAMPSHIRE.................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FISHES............... STURGEON, SHORTNOSE.. Acipenser L, E
brevirostrum.
INSECTS.............. BEETLE, PURITAN TIGER Cicindela puritana.. L, T
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
COUGAR, EASTERN...... Felis concolor L, E
couguar.
PLANTS............... POGONIA, SMALL Isotria medeoloides. L, T
WHORLED.
MIDDLESEX.................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
NANTUCKET.................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
REPTILES............. TURTLE, KEMP'S Lepidochelys kempii. L, E
(ATLANTIC) RIDLEY
SEA.
TURTLE, LOGGERHEAD Caretta caretta..... L, T
SEA.
NORFOLK...................... REPTILES............. TURTLE, KEMP'S Lepidochelys kempii. L, E
(ATLANTIC) RIDLEY
SEA.
TURTLE, LOGGERHEAD Caretta caretta..... L, T
SEA.
PLYMOUTH..................... BIRDS................ CURLEW, ESKIMO....... Numenius borealis... L, E
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, ROSEATE........ Sterna dougalli L, E, T
dougalli.
REPTILES............. TURTLE, KEMP'S Lepidochelys kempii. L, E
(ATLANTIC) RIDLEY
SEA.
TURTLE, LOGGERHEAD Caretta caretta..... L, T
SEA.
TURTLE, PLYMOUTH RED- Pseudemys L, E, CH
BELLIED. (Chrysemys)
rubriventris bangsi.
SUFFOLK...................... BIRDS................ FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
REPTILES............. TURTLE, KEMP'S Lepidochelys kempii. L, E
(ATLANTIC) RIDLEY
SEA.
SUFFOLK...................... REPTILES............. TURTLE, LOGGERHEAD Caretta caretta..... L, T
SEA.
WORCESTER.................... BIRDS................ CROW, MARIANA........ Corvus kubaryi...... L, E
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
MALLARD, MARIANA..... Anas oustaleti...... L, E
MEGAPODE, MICRONESIAN Megapodius laperouse L, E
(LA PEROUSE'S).
MONARCH, TINIAN...... Monarcha L, T
takatsukasae.
MOORHEN, MARIANA Gallinula chloropus L, E
COMMON. guami.
STARLING, PONAPE Aplonis pelzelni.... L, E
MOUNTAIN.
SWIFTLET, MARIANA Aerodramus L, E
GRAY (=VANIKORO). vanikorensis
bartschi.
WARBLER (OLD WORLD), Acrocephalus L, E
NIGHTINGALE REED. luscinia.
WARBLER (OLD WORLD), Acrocephalus L, E
NIGHTINGALE REED. luscinia.
WHITE-EYE, PONAPE Rukia longirostra L, E
GREATER. (=sanfordi).
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
BAT, LITTLE MARIANA Pteropus tokudae.... L, E
FRUIT.
BAT, MARIANA FRUIT... Pteropus mariannus L, E
mariannus.
COUGAR, EASTERN...... Felis concolor L, E
couguar.
DUGONG............... Dugong dugon........ L, E
PLANTS............... HAYUN LAGU (TRONKON Serianthes nelsonii. L, E
GUAFI).
POGONIA, SMALL Isotria medeoloides. L, T
WHORLED.
REPTILES............. TURTLE, GREEN SEA.... Chelonia mydas...... L, E, T
TURTLE, HAWKSBILL SEA Eretmochelys L, E, CH
imbricata.
MAINE
ANDROSCOGGIN................. BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
AROOSTOOK.................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
LOUSEWORT, FURBISH... Pedicularis L, E
furbishiae.
ORCHID, EASTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. leucophaea.
CUMBERLAND................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
FISHES............... STURGEON, SHORTNOSE.. Acipenser L, E
brevirostrum.
PLANTS............... POGONIA, SMALL Isotria medeoloides. L, T
WHORLED.
FRANKLIN..................... BIRDS................ FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
HANCOCK...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
KENNEBEC..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLANTS............... POGONIA, SMALL Isotria medeoloides. L, T
WHORLED.
KNOX......................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
MAMMALS.............. COUGAR, EASTERN...... Felis concolor L, E
couguar.
LINCOLN...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
MAMMALS.............. COUGAR, EASTERN...... Felis concolor L, E
couguar.
OXFORD....................... BIRDS................ FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLANTS............... POGONIA, SMALL Isotria medeoloides. L, T
WHORLED.
[[Page 7964]]
PENOBSCOT.................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PISCATAQUIS.................. BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
SAGADAHOC.................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
FISHES............... STURGEON, SHORTNOSE.. Acipenser L, E
brevirostrum.
SOMERSET..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
MAMMALS.............. COUGAR, EASTERN...... Felis concolor L, E
couguar.
WALDO........................ FISHES............... STURGEON, SHORTNOSE.. Acipenser L, E
brevirostrum.
WASHINGTON................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
TERN, ROSEATE........ Sterna dougalli L, E, T
dougalli.
YORK......................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
PLANTS............... POGONIA, SMALL Isotria medeoloides. L, T
WHORLED.
MONTANA
BEAVERHEAD................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MAMMALS.............. WOLF, GRAY........... Canis lupus......... L, E, T, CH
BIG HORN..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
BLAINE....................... FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
BROADWATER................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
CARBON....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
MAMMALS.............. BEAR, GRIZZLY........ Ursus arctos (=Ua L, T
horribilis).
WOLF, GRAY........... Canis lupus......... L, E, T, CH
CARTER....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
CASCADE...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
CHOUTEAU..................... FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
CUSTER....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
DANIELS...................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
DAWSON....................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
FALLON....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FERGUS....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
FLATHEAD..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FISHES............... TROUT, BULL (COLUMBIA Salvelinus P, T
RIVER POPULATION). confluentus.
MAMMALS.............. BEAR, GRIZZLY........ Ursus arctos (=Ua L, T
horribilis).
WOLF, GRAY........... Canis lupus......... L, E, T, CH
GALLATIN..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
MAMMALS.............. BEAR, GRIZZLY........ Ursus arctos (=Ua L, T
horribilis).
WOLF, GRAY........... Canis lupus......... L, E, T, CH
GARFIELD..................... BIRDS................ FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
GLACIER...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
MAMMALS.............. BEAR, GRIZZLY........ Ursus arctos (=Ua L, T
horribilis).
WOLF, GRAY........... Canis lupus......... L, E, T, CH
GOLDEN VALLEY................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
GRANITE...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FISHES............... TROUT, BULL (COLUMBIA Salvelinus P, T
RIVER POPULATION). confluentus.
HILL......................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
JEFFERSON.................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
JUDITH BASIN................. BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
LAKE......................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FISHES............... TROUT, BULL (COLUMBIA Salvelinus P, T
RIVER POPULATION). confluentus.
[[Page 7965]]
MAMMALS.............. BEAR, GRIZZLY........ Ursus arctos (=U.a. L, T
horribilis).
WOLF, GRAY........... Canis lupus......... L, E, T, CH
PLANTS............... HOWELLIA, WATER...... Howellia aquatilis.. L, T
LEWIS AND CLARK.............. BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
MAMMALS.............. BEAR, GRIZZLY........ Ursus arctos (=U.a. L, T
horribilis).
WOLF, GRAY........... Canis lupus......... L, E, T
LIBERTY...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
LINCOLN...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FISHES............... STURGEON, WHITE Acipenser L, E
(KOOTENAI RIVER POP). transmontanus.
TROUT, BULL (COLUMBIA Salvelinus P, T
RIVER POPULATION). confluentus.
MAMMALS.............. BEAR, GRIZZLY........ Ursus arctos (=U.a. L, T
horribilis).
WOLF, GRAY........... Canis lupus......... L, E, T, CH
MADISON...................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
MAMMALS.............. BEAR, GRIZZLY........ Ursus arctos (=U.a. L, T
horribilis).
WOLF, GRAY........... Canis lupus......... L, E, T, CH
MCCONE....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
MEAGHER...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MINERAL...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FISHES............... TROUT, BULL (COLUMBIA Salvelinus P, T
RIVER POPULATION). confluentus.
MAMMALS.............. BEAR, GRIZZLY........ Ursus arctos (=U.a. L, T
horribilis).
MISSOULA..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FISHES............... TROUT, BULL (COLUMBIA Salvelinus P, T
RIVER POPULATION). confluentus.
MAMMALS.............. BEAR, GRIZZLY........ Ursus arctos (=U.a. L, T
horribilis).
WOLF, GRAY........... Canis lupus......... L, E, T, CH
PLANTS............... HOWELLIA, WATER...... Howellia aquatilis.. L, T
MUSSELSHELL.................. BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PARK......................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
MAMMALS.............. BEAR, GRIZZLY........ Ursus arctos (=U.a. L, T
horribilis).
WOLF, GRAY........... Canis lupus......... L, E, T, CH
PETROLEUM.................... FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
PHILLIPS..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
PONDERA...................... MAMMALS.............. BEAR, GRIZZLY........ Ursus arctos (=U.a. L, T
horribilis).
WOLF, GRAY........... Canis lupus......... L, E, T, CH
POWDER RIVER................. BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
POWELL....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FISHES............... TROUT, BULL (COLUMBIA Salvelinus P, T
RIVER POPULATION). confluentus.
MAMMALS.............. BEAR, GRIZZLY........ Ursus arctos (=U.a. L, T
horribilis).
WOLF, GRAY........... Canis lupus......... L, E, T, CH
PRAIRIE...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
RAVALLI...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FISHES............... TROUT, BULL (COLUMBIA Salvelinus P, T
RIVER POPULATION). confluentus.
RICHLAND..................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
ROOSEVELT.................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
ROSEBUD...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
SANDERS...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FISHES............... TROUT, BULL (COLUMBIA Salvelinus P, T
RIVER POPULATION). confluentus.
[[Page 7966]]
MAMMALS.............. BEAR, GRIZZLY........ Ursus arctos (=U.a. L, T
horribilis).
WOLF, GRAY........... Canis lupus......... L, E, T, CH
SHERIDAN..................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
SILVER BOW................... MAMMALS.............. WOLF, GRAY........... Canis lupus......... L, E, T, CH
STILLWATER................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
MAMMALS.............. BEAR, GRIZZLY........ Ursus arctos (=U.a. L, T
horribilis).
WOLF, GRAY........... Canis lupus......... L, E, T
SWEET GRASS.................. BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
MAMMALS.............. BEAR, GRIZZLY........ Ursus arctos (=U.a. L, T
horribilis).
WOLF, GRAY........... Canis lupus......... L, E, T, CH
TETON........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
MAMMALS.............. BEAR, GRIZZLY........ Ursus arctos (=U.a. L, T
horribilis).
WOLF, GRAY........... Canis lupus......... L, E, T, CH
TOOLE........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
TREASURE..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
VALLEY....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
WHEATLAND.................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
WIBAUX....................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
YELLOWSTONE.................. BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
MAMMALS.............. BEAR, GRIZZLY........ Ursus arctos (=U.a. L, T
horribilis).
MIDWAY ISLAND
NORTH DAKOTA
ADAMS........................ BIRDS................ FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
BARNES....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
BENSON....................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
BILLINGS..................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
BOTTINEAU.................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
BOWMAN....................... BIRDS................ FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
BURKE........................ BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
BURLEIGH..................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
CASS......................... BIRDS................ FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
CAVALIER..................... BIRDS................ FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
DICKEY....................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
DIVIDE....................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
DUNN......................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
EDDY......................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING***... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
EMMONS....................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
[[Page 7967]]
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
FOSTER....................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
GOLDEN VALLEY................ BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
GRAND FORKS.................. BIRDS................ FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
GRANT........................ BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
GRIGGS....................... BIRDS................ FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
HETTINGER.................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
KIDDER....................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
LA MOURE..................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
LOGAN........................ BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
MCHENRY...................... BIRDS................ FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MCINTOSH..................... BIRDS................ FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MCKENZIE..................... BIRDS................ FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MCLEAN....................... BIRDS................ FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MERCER....................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
MORTON....................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
MOUNTRAIL.................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
NELSON....................... BIRDS................ FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
OLIVER....................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
PEMBINA...................... BIRDS................ FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PIERCE....................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
RAMSEY....................... BIRDS................ FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
RANSOM....................... BIRDS................ FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLANTS............... ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
RENVILLE..................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
RICHLAND..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLANTS............... ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
ROLETTE...................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
SARGENT...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
SHERIDAN..................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
[[Page 7968]]
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
SIOUX........................ BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
SLOPE........................ BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
STARK........................ BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
STEELE....................... BIRDS................ FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
STUTSMAN..................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TOWNER....................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
TRAILL....................... BIRDS................ FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
WALSH........................ BIRDS................ FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
WARD......................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
WELLS........................ BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
WILLIAMS..................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
NEBRASKA
ADAMS........................ BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
ARTHUR....................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
BLAINE....................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
BOX BUTTE.................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
PLANTS............... PENSTEMON, BLOWOUT... Penstemon haydenii.. L, E
BOYD......................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
CLAMS................ CLUBSHELL, SOUTHERN.. Pleurobema decisum.. L, E
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
BROWN........................ BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
BUFFALO...................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
BURT......................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
BUTLER....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
CASS......................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
CEDAR........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
CHASE........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
CHERRY....................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
[[Page 7969]]
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
PLANTS............... ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
PENSTEMON, BLOWOUT... Penstemon haydenii.. L, E
CLAY......................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
COLFAX....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
CUMING....................... BIRDS................ PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
CUSTER....................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
DAKOTA....................... FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
DAWES........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
DAWSON....................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
DEUEL........................ BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
DIXON........................ BIRDS................ PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
DODGE........................ BIRDS................ PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
DOUGLAS...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
DUNDY........................ BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FRANKLIN..................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FRONTIER..................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FURNAS....................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
GAGE......................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
GARDEN....................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLANTS............... PENSTEMON, BLOWOUT... Penstemon haydenii.. L, E
GARFIELD..................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
GOSPER....................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
GRANT........................ BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
GREELEY...................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
HALL......................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
PLANTS............... ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
HAMILTON..................... BIRDS................ PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
HARLAN....................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
HITCHCOCK.................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
HOLT......................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
HOOKER....................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
PLANTS............... PENSTEMON, BLOWOUT... Penstemon haydenii.. L, E
HOWARD....................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
KEARNEY...................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
[[Page 7970]]
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
KEITH........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
KEYA PAHA.................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
KNOX......................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
LANCASTER.................... PLANTS............... ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
LINCOLN...................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
LOGAN........................ BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
LOUP......................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
MADISON...................... BIRDS................ PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
MERRICK...................... BIRDS................ PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
MORRILL...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLANTS............... PENSTEMON, BLOWOUT... Penstemon haydenii.. L, E
NANCE........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
NEMAHA....................... FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
NUCKOLLS..................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
OTOE......................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
PERKINS...................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PHELPS....................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
PHELPS....................... MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
PLATTE....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
POLK......................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
RED WILLOW................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
RICHARDSON................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
ROCK......................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
SARPY........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
SAUNDERS..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
SCOTT BLUFF.................. BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
SEWARD....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLANTS............... ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
SHERIDAN..................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
PLANTS............... PENSTEMON, BLOWOUT... Penstemon haydenii.. L, E
SHERMAN...................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
[[Page 7971]]
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
SIOUX........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
STANTON...................... BIRDS................ PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
THOMAS....................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
THURSTON..................... FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
VALLEY....................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
WASHINGTON................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
WEBSTER...................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
WHEELER...................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
NEW HAMPSHIRE
BELKNAP...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
PLANTS............... POGONIA, SMALL Isotria medeoloides. L, T
WHORLED.
CARROLL...................... BIRDS................ FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLANTS............... POGONIA, SMALL Isotria medeoloides. L, T
WHORLED.
CHESHIRE..................... CLAMS................ MUSSEL, DWARF WEDGE.. Alasmidonta L, E
heterodon.
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
COOS......................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLANTS............... CINQUEFOIL, ROBBINS'. Potentilla L, E, CH
robbinsiana.
GRAFTON...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
PLANTS............... CINQUEFOIL, ROBBINS'. Potentilla L, E, CH
robbinsiana.
HILLSBOROUGH................. BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
PLANTS............... POGONIA, SMALL Isotria medeoloides. L, T
WHORLED.
MERRIMACK.................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
INSECTS.............. BUTTERFLY, KARNER Lycaeides melissa L, E
BLUE. samuelis.
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
PLANTS............... POGONIA, SMALL Isotria medeoloides. L, T
WHORLED.
ROCKINGHAM................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLANTS............... POGONIA, SMALL Isotria medeoloides. L, T
WHORLED.
STRAFFORD.................... PLANTS............... POGONIA, SMALL Isotria medeoloides. L, T
WHORLED.
SULLIVAN..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
CLAMS................ MUSSEL, DWARF WEDGE.. Alasmidonta L, E
heterodon.
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
PLANTS............... MILK-VETCH, JESUP'S.. Astragalus robbinsii L, E
var. jesupi.
NEW MEXICO
BERNAILILLO.................. BIRDS................ FLYCATCHER, Empiodonax traillii L, E
SOUTHWESTERN WILLOW. extimus.
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
OWL, MEXICAN SPOTTED. Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
lucida.
FISHES............... MINNOW, RIO GRANDE Hybognathus amarus.. L, E
SILVERY.
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
CATRON....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FLYCATCHER, Empiodonax traillii L, E
SOUTHWESTERN WILLOW. extimus.
OWL, MEXICAN SPOTTED. Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
lucida.
FISHES............... MINNOW, LOACH........ Tiaroga cobitis..... L, T, CH
SPIKEDACE............ Meda fulgida........ L, T, CH
TROUT, GILA.......... Salmo gilae......... L, E
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
PLANTS............... FLEABANE, ZUNI....... Erigeron rhizomatus. L, T
CHAVES....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, NORTHERN Falco femoralis L, E
APLOMADO. septentrionalis.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
OWL, MEXICAN SPOTTED. Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
lucida.
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
[[Page 7972]]
FISHES............... GAMBUSIA, PECOS...... Gambusia nobilis.... L, E
SHINER, PECOS Notropis simus L, T, CH
BLUNTNOSE. peconsensis.
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
PLANTS............... CACTUS, KUENZLER Echinocereus L, E
HEDGEHOG. fendleri var.
kuenzleri.
CIBOLA....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
OWL, MEXICAN SPOTTED. Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
lucida.
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
COLFAX....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
OWL, MEXICAN SPOTTED. Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
lucida.
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
CURRY........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
DE BACA...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FISHES............... SHINER, PECOS Notropis simus L, T, CH
BLUNTNOSE. peconsensis.
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
DONA ANA..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, NORTHERN Falco femoralis L, E
APLOMADO. septentrionalis.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
OWL, MEXICAN SPOTTED. Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
lucida.
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
PLANTS............... CACTUS, SNEED Coryphantha sneedii L, E
PINCUSHION. var. sneedii.
EDDY......................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, NORTHERN Falco femoralis L, E
APLOMADO. septentrionalis.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
OWL, MEXICAN SPOTTED. Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
lucida.
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
FISHES............... GAMBUSIA, PECOS...... Gambusia nobilis.... L, E
SHINER, PECOS Notropis simus L, T, CH
BLUNTNOSE. peconsensis.
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
PLANTS............... CACTUS, LEE Coryphantha sneedii L, T
PINCUSHION. var. leei.
CACTUS, LLOYD'S Echinocereus lloydii L, E
HEDGEHOG.
WILD-BUCKWHEAT, Eriogonum L, T, CH
GYPSUM. gypsophilum.
GRANT........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, NORTHERN Falco femoralis L, E
APLOMADO. septentrionalis.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FLYCATCHER, Empiodonax traillii L, E
SOUTHWESTERN WILLOW. extimus.
OWL, MEXICAN SPOTTED. Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
lucida.
FISHES............... CHUB, CHIHUAHUA...... Gila nigrescens..... L, T
MINNOW, LOACH........ Tiaroga cobitis..... L, T, CH
SHINER, BEAUTIFUL.... Notropis formosus... L, T, CH
SPIKEDACE............ Meda fulgida........ L, T, CH
TOPMINNOW, GILA Poeciliopsis L, E
(YAQUI). occidentalis.
TROUT, GILA.......... Salmo gilae......... L, E
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
WOLF, GRAY........... Canis lupus......... L, E, T, CH
GUADALUPE.................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
HARDING...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
HIDALGO...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, NORTHERN Falco femoralis L, E
APLOMADO. septentrionalis.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FLYCATCHER, Empiodonax traillii L, E
SOUTHWESTERN WILLOW. extimus.
OWL, MEXICAN SPOTTED. Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
lucida.
FISHES............... SPIKEDACE............ Meda fulgida........ L, T, CH
MAMMALS.............. BAT, LESSER Leptonycteris L, E
(=SANBORN'S) LONG- sanborni.
NOSED.
BAT, MEXICAN LONG- Leptonycteris L, E
NOSED. nivalis.
FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
WOLF, GRAY........... Canis lupus......... L, E, T, CH
REPTILES............. RATTLESNAKE, NEW Crotalus willardi L, T, CH
MEXICAN RIDGE-NOSED. obscurus.
LEA.......................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, NORTHERN Falco femoralis L, E
APLOMADO. septentrionalis.
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
LINCOLN...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, NORTHERN Falco femoralis L, E
APLOMADO. septentrionalis.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
OWL, MEXICAN SPOTTED. Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
lucida.
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
[[Page 7973]]
PLANTS............... CACTUS, KUENZLER Echinocereus L, E
HEDGEHOG. fendleri var.
kuenzleri.
LOS ALAMOS................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
OWL, MEXICAN SPOTTED. Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
lucida.
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
LUNA......................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, NORTHERN Falco femoralis L, E
APLOMADO. septentrionalis.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FISHES............... SHINER, BEAUTIFUL.... Notropis formosus... L, T, CH
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
WOLF, GRAY........... Canis lupus......... L, E, T, CH
MCKINLEY..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
OWL, MEXICAN SPOTTED. Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
lucida.
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
PLANTS............... FLEABANE, ZUNI....... Erigeron rhizomatus. L, T
MORA......................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
OWL, MEXICAN SPOTTED. Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
lucida.
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
OTERO........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, NORTHERN Falco femoralis L, E
APLOMADO. septentrionalis.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
OWL, MEXICAN SPOTTED. Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
lucida.
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
PLANTS............... CACTUS, KUENZLER Echinocereus L, E
HEDGEHOG. fendleri var.
kuenzleri.
PENNYROYAL, TODSEN'S. Hedeoma todsenii.... L, E, CH
POPPY, SACRAMENTO Argemone pleiacantha L, E
PRICKLY. ssp. pinnatisecta.
THISTLE, SACRAMENTO Cirsium vinaceum.... L, T
MOUNTAINS.
QUAY......................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
RIO ARRIBA................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
OWL, MEXICAN SPOTTED. Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
lucida.
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
ROOSEVELT.................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
SAN JUAN..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
OWL, MEXICAN SPOTTED. Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
lucida.
FISHES............... SQUAWFISH, COLORADO.. Ptychocheilus lucius L, CH
SUCKER, RAZORBACK.... Xyrauchen texanus... L, E, CH
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
PLANTS............... CACTUS, KNOWLTON..... Pediocactus L, E
knowltonii.
CACTUS, MESA VERDE... Sclerocactus mesae- L, T
verdae
(=Pediocactus m).
MILK-VETCH, MANCOS... Astragalus L, E
humillimus.
SAN MIGUEL................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
OWL, MEXICAN SPOTTED. Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
lucida.
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
PLANTS............... IPOMOPSIS, HOLY GHOST Ipomopsis sancti- L, E
spiritus.
SANDOVAL..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
OWL, MEXICAN SPOTTED. Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
lucida.
FISHES............... MINNOW, RIO GRANDE Hybognathus amarus.. L, E
SILVERY.
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
SANTA FE..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
OWL, MEXICAN SPOTTED. Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
lucida.
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
SIERRA....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, NORTHERN Falco femoralis L, E
APLOMADO. septentrionalis.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
OWL, MEXICAN SPOTTED. Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
lucida.
FISHES............... TROUT, GILA.......... Salmo gilae......... L, E
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
PLANTS............... PENNYROYAL, TODSEN'S. Hedeoma todsenii.... L, E, CH
SOCORRO...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, NORTHERN Falco femoralis L, E
APLOMADO. septentrionalis.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
OWL, MEXICAN SPOTTED. Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
lucida.
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
CRUSTACEAN........... ISOPOD, SOCORRO...... Thermosphaeroma L, E
(=Exosphaeroma)
thermophilus.
[[Page 7974]]
FISHES............... MINNOW, RIO GRANDE Hybognathus amarus.. L, E
SILVERY.
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
SNAILS............... SPRINGSNAIL, ALAMOSA. Tryonia alamosae.... L, E
SPRINGSNAIL, SOCORRO. Pyrgulopsis L, E
neomexicana.
TAOS......................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
OWL, MEXICAN SPOTTED. Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
lucida.
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
TORRANCE..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
OWL, MEXICAN SPOTTED. Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
lucida.
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
UNION........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
VALENCIA..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
OWL, MEXICAN SPOTTED. Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
lucida.
FISHES............... MINNOW, RIO GRANDE Hybognathus amarus.. L, E
SILVERY.
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
NORTHERN MARIANAS
NEVADA
CARSON CITY.................. BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
CHURCHILL.................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
CLARK........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
GOOSE, ALEUTIAN Branta canadensis L, T
CANADA. leucopareia.
RAIL, YUMA CLAPPER... Rallus longirostris L, E
yumanensis.
FISHES............... CHUB, BONYTAIL....... Gila elegans........ L, E, CH
CHUB, VIRGIN RIVER... Gila robusta L, E
seminuda.
DACE, MOAPA.......... Moapa coriacea...... L, E
POOLFISH, PAHRUMP Empetrichythys latos L, E
(=PAHRUMP KILLIFISH).
PUPFISH, DEVILS HOLE. Cyprinodon diabolis. L, E
SUCKER, RAZORBACK.... Xyrauchen texanus... L, E, CH
WOUNDFIN............. Plagopterus L, E
argentissimus.
REPTILES............. TORTOISE, DESERT..... Gopherus L, T, CH
(=Xerobates,
=Scaptochelys)
agassizii.
DOUGLAS...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
ELKO......................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FISHES............... DACE, CLOVER VALLEY Rhinichthys osculus L, E
SPECKLED. oligoporous.
DACE, INDEPENDENCE Rhinichthys osculus L, E
VALLEY SPECKLED. lethoporous.
TROUT, LAHONTAN Salmo clarki L, T
CUTTHROAT. henshawi.
ESMERALDA.................... REPTILES............. TORTOISE, DESERT..... Gopherus L, T, CH
(=Xerobates,
=Scaptochelys)
agassizii.
EUREKA....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FISHES............... TROUT, LAHONTAN Salmo clarki L, T
CUTTHROAT. henshawi.
HUMBOLDT..................... FISHES............... DACE, DESERT......... Eremichthys acros... L, T, CH
TROUT, LAHONTAN Salmo clarki L, T
CUTTHROAT. henshawi.
LANDER....................... FISHES............... TROUT, LAHONTAN Salmo clarki L, T
CUTTHROAT. henshawi.
LINCOLN...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FISHES............... CHUB, PAHRANAGAT Gila robusta jordani L, E
ROUNDTAIL.
DACE, MOAPA.......... Moapa coriacea...... L, E
SPINEDACE, BIG SPRING Lepidomeda L, T, CH
mollispinis
pratensis.
SPRINGFISH, HIKO Crenichthys baileyi L, E, CH
WHITE RIVER. grandis.
SPRINGFISH, WHITE Crenichthys baileyi L, E, CH
RIVER. baileyi.
PLANTS............... LADIES'-TRESSES, UTE. Spiranthes L, T
diluvialis.
REPTILES............. TORTOISE, DESERT..... Gopherus L, T, CH
(=Xerobates,
=Scaptochelys)
agassizii.
LYON......................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
MINERAL...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FISHES............... SPRINGFISH, HIKO Crenichthys baileyi L, E, CH
WHITE RIVER. grandis.
SPRINGFISH, RAILROAD Crenichthys nevadae. L, T, CH
VALLEY.
TROUT, LAHONTAN Salmo clarki L, T
CUTTHROAT. henshawi.
PLANTS............... MILK-VETCH, SODAVILLE Astragalus P, T
lentiginosus var.
Seslquimetralis.
NYE.......................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FISHES............... DACE, ASH MEADOWS Rhinichthys osculus L, E, CH
SPECKLED. nevadensis.
POOLFISH, PAHRUMP Empetrichythys latos L, E
(=PAHRUMP KILLIFISH).
PUPFISH, ASH MEADOWS Cyprinodon L, E, CH
AMARGOSA. nevadensis
mionectes.
PUPFISH, DEVILS HOLE. Cyprinodon diabolis. L, E
PUPFISH, WARM SPRINGS Cyprinodon L, E
nevadensis
pectoralis.
[[Page 7975]]
SPINEDACE, WHITE Lepidomeda L, E, CH
RIVER. albivallis.
SPRINGFISH, RAILROAD Crenichthys nevadae. L, T, CH
VALLEY.
TROUT, LAHONTAN Salmo clarki L, T
CUTTHROAT. henshawi.
INSECTS.............. NAUCORID, ASH MEADOWS Ambrysus amargosus.. L, T, CH
PLANTS............... BLAZING STAR, ASH Mentzelia L, T, CH
MEADOWS. leucophylla.
CENTAURY, SPRING- Centaurium L, T, CH
LOVING. namophilum var.
namophilum.
GUMPLANT, ASH MEADOWS Grindelia fraxino- L, T, CH
pratensis.
IVESIA, ASH MEADOWS.. Ivesia eremica...... L, T, CH
MILK-VETCH, ASH Astragalus phoenix.. L, T, CH
MEADOWS.
NITERWORT, AMARGOSA.. Nitrophila L, E, CH
mohavensis.
SUNRAY, ASH MEADOWS.. Enceliopsis L, T, CH
nudicaulis var.
corrugata.
REPTILES............. TORTOISE, DESERT..... Gopherus L, T, CH
(=Xerobates,
=Scaptochelys)
agassizii.
PERSHING..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
STOREY....................... FISHES............... TROUT, LAHONTAN Salmo clarki L, T
CUTTHROAT. henshawi.
WASHOE....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FISHES............... CUI-UI............... Chasmistes cujus.... L, E
SUCKER, WARNER....... Catostomus L, T, CH
warnerensis.
TROUT, LAHONTAN Salmo clarki L, T
CUTTHROAT. henshawi.
PLANTS............... BUCKWHEAT, STEAMBOAT. Eriogonum L, E
ovalifolium var.
williamsiae.
WHITE PINE................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FISHES............... POOLFISH, PAHRUMP Empetrichythys latos L, E
(=PAHRUMP KILLIFISH).
SPINEDACE, WHITE Lepidomeda L, E, CH
RIVER. albivallis.
ALBANY....................... FISHES............... STURGEON, SHORTNOSE.. Acipenser L, E
brevirostrum.
INSECTS.............. BUTTERFLY, KARNER Lycaeides melissa L, E
BLUE. samuelis.
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
ALLEGANY..................... MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
BRONX........................ MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
BROOME....................... MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
CATTARAUGUS.................. MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
CAYUGA....................... MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
PLANTS............... ROSEROOT, LEEDY'S.... Sedum integrifolium L, T
ssp. Leedyi.
CHAUTAUQUA................... MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
CHEMUNG...................... MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
CHENANGO..................... MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
CLINTON...................... BIRDS................ FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
COLUMBIA..................... FISHES............... STURGEON, SHORTNOSE.. Acipenser L, E
brevirostrum.
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
CORTLAND..................... MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
DELAWARE..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
PLANTS............... MONKSHOOD, NORTHERN Aconitum L, T
WILD. noveboracense.
DUTCHESS..................... FISHES............... STURGEON, SHORTNOSE.. Acipenser L, E
brevirostrum.
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
ERIE......................... MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
ESSEX........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
FRANKLIN..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
FULTON....................... MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
GENESEE...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
GREENE....................... FISHES............... STURGEON, SHORTNOSE.. Acipenser L, E
brevirostrum.
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
HAMILTON..................... MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
HERKIMER..................... MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
JEFFERSON.................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
KINGS........................ BIRDS................ FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
PLANTS............... AMARANTH, SEABEACH... Amaranthus pumilus.. L, T
LEWIS........................ MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
LIVINGSTON................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
MADISON...................... MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
PLANTS............... FERN, AMERICAN HART'S- Phyllitis L, T
TONGUE. scolopendrium var.
americana.
SNAILS............... SNAIL, CHITTENANGO Succinea L, T
OVATE AMBER. chittenangoensis.
MONROE....................... MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
MONTGOMERY................... MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
NASSAU....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
FISHES............... STURGEON, SHORTNOSE.. Acipenser L, E
brevirostrum.
[[Page 7976]]
PLANTS............... AMARANTH, SEABEACH... Amaranthus pumilus.. L, T
GERARDIA, SANDPLAIN.. Agalinus acuta...... L, E
REPTILES............. TURTLE, KEMP'S Lepidochelys kempii. L, E
(ATLANTIC) RIDLEY
SEA.
NEW YORK..................... BIRDS................ FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
NIAGARA...................... MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
ONEIDA....................... MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
ONONDAGA..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
PLANTS............... FERN, AMERICAN HART'S- Phyllitis L, T
TONGUE. scolopendrium var.
americana.
POGONIA, SMALL Isotria medeoloides. L, T
WHORLED.
ONTARIO...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
ORANGE....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
CLAMS................ MUSSEL, DWARF WEDGE.. Alasmidonta L, E
heterodon.
FISHES............... STURGEON, SHORTNOSE.. Acipenser L, E
brevirostrum.
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
ORLEANS...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E
OSWEGO....................... BIRDS................ PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
PUTNAM....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FISHES............... STURGEON, SHORTNOSE.. Acipenser L, E
brevirostrum.
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
QUEENS....................... BIRDS................ FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
RENSSELAER................... FISHES............... STURGEON, SHORTNOSE.. Acipenser L, E
brevirostrum.
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
RICHMOND..................... BIRDS................ FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
ROCKLAND..................... BIRDS................ FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FISHES............... STURGEON, SHORTNOSE.. Acipenser L, E
brevirostrum.
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
SARATOGA..................... INSECTS.............. BUTTERFLY, KARNER Lycaeides melissa L, E
BLUE. samuelis.
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
SCHENECTADY.................. INSECTS.............. BUTTERFLY, KARNER LYCAEIDES MELISSA L, E
BLUE. SAMUELIS.
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
SCHOHARIE.................... MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
SCHUYLER..................... MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
PLANTS............... ROSEROOT, LEEDY'S.... SEDUM INTEGRIFOLIUM L, T
SSP. LEEDYI.
SENECA....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
ST LAWRENCE.................. BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
STEUBEN...................... MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
SUFFOLK...................... BIRDS................ PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, ROSEATE........ Sterna dougalli L, E, T
dougalli.
PLANTS............... AMARANTH, SEABEACH... Amaranthus pumilus.. L, T
GERARDIA, SANDPLAIN.. Agalinus acuta...... L, E
REPTILES............. TURTLE, GREEN SEA.... Chelonia mydas...... L, E, T
TURTLE, KEMP'S Lepidochelys kempii. L, E
(ATLANTIC) RIDLEY
SEA.
REPTILES............. TURTLE, LOGGERHEAD Caretta caretta..... L, T
SEA.
SULLIVAN..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
PLANTS............... MONKSHOOD, NORTHERN Aconitum L, T
WILD. noveboracense.
TIOGA........................ MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
TOMPKINS..................... MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
ULSTER....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FISHES............... STURGEON, SHORTNOSE.. Acipenser L, E
brevirostrum.
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
PLANTS............... MONKSHOOD, NORTHERN Aconitum L, T
WILD. noveboracense.
WARREN....................... INSECTS.............. BUTTERFLY, KARNER Lycaeides melissa L, E
BLUE. samuelis.
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E
WASHINGTON................... BIRDS................ FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
WAYNE........................ MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
WESTCHESTER.................. BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FISHES............... STURGEON, SHORTNOSE.. Acipenser L, E
brevirostrum.
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
WYOMING...................... MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
[[Page 7977]]
YATES........................ MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
PLANTS............... ROSEROOT, LEEDY'S.... Sedum integrifolium L, T
ssp. Leedyi.
OKLAHOMA
ADAIR........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
MAMMALS.............. BAT, GRAY............ Myotis grisescens... L, E
BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
BAT, OZARK BIG-EARED. Plecotus townsendii L, E
ingens.
ALFALFA...................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
ATOKA........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
BEAVER....................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
VIREO, BLACK-CAPPED.. Vireo atricapillus.. L, E
BECKHAM...................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
BLAINE....................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
VIREO, BLACK-CAPPED.. Vireo atricapillus.. L, E
BRYAN........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
WOODPECKER, RED- Picoides borealis... L, E
COCKADED.
INSECTS.............. BEETLE, AMERICAN Nicrophorus L, E
BURYING. americanus.
REPTILES............. ALLIGATOR, AMERICAN.. Alligator L, T
mississippiensis.
CADDO........................ BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
VIREO, BLACK-CAPPED.. Vireo atricapillus.. L, E
CANADIAN..................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
VIREO, BLACK-CAPPED.. Vireo atricapillus.. L, E
CARTER....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
CHEROKEE..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
INSECTS.............. BEETLE, AMERICAN Nicrophorus L, E
BURYING. americanus.
MAMMALS.............. BAT, GRAY............ Myotis grisescens... L, E
BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
BAT, OZARK BIG-EARED. Plecotus townsendii L, E
ingens.
CHOCTAW...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLANTS............... ORCHID, EASTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. leucophaea.
CIMARRON..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
FISHES............... SHINER, ARKANSAS NOTROPIS GIRARDI.... P, E
RIVER.
CLEVELAND.................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
COMANCHE..................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
VIREO, BLACK-CAPPED.. Vireo atricapillus.. L, E
COTTON....................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
CRAIG........................ FISHES............... CAVEFISH, OZARK...... Amblyopsis rosae.... L, T
MADTOM, NEOSHO....... Noturus placidus.... L, T
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
PLANTS............... ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
CREEK........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
[[Page 7978]]
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
CUSTER....................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
DELAWARE..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FISHES............... CAVEFISH, OZARK...... Amblyopsis rosae.... L, T
MAMMALS.............. BAT, GRAY............ Myotis grisescens... L, E
BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
BAT, OZARK BIG-EARED. Plecotus townsendii L, E
ingens.
DEWEY........................ BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
ELLIS........................ BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
GARFIELD..................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
GARVIN....................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
GRADY........................ BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
GRANT........................ BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
GREER........................ BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
HARMON....................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
HARPER....................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
HASKELL...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
INSECTS.............. BEETLE, AMERICAN Nicrophorus L, E
BURYING. americanus.
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
HUGHES....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
JACKSON...................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
JEFFERSON.................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
JOHNSTON..................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
KAY.......................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
KINGFISHER................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
KIOWA........................ BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
LATIMER...................... BIRDS................ FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
WOODPECKER, RED- Picoides borealis... L, E
COCKADED.
INSECTS.............. BEETLE, AMERICAN Nicrophorus L, E
BURYING. americanus.
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
LE FLORE..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
[[Page 7979]]
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
WOODPECKER, RED- Picoides borealis... L, E
COCKADED.
CLAMS................ ROCK-POCKETBOOK, Arkansia (=Arcidens) L, E
OUACHITA. wheeleri.
ROCK-POCKETBOOK, Arkansia (=Arcidens) L, E
OUACHITA (=WHEELER'S wheeleri.
PM).
FISHES............... DARTER, LEOPARD...... Percina pantherina.. L, T, CH
INSECTS.............. BEETLE, AMERICAN Nicrophorus L, E
BURYING. americanus.
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
LINCOLN...................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
LOGAN........................ BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
LOVE......................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
MAJOR........................ BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
MARSHALL..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
MAYES........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FISHES............... CAVEFISH, OZARK...... Amblyopsis rosae.... L, T
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
MCCLAIN...................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
MCCURTAIN.................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
WOODPECKER, RED- Picoides borealis... L, E
COCKADED.
FISHES............... DARTER, LEOPARD...... Percina pantherina.. L, T, CH
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
REPTILES............. ALLIGATOR, AMERICAN.. Alligator L, T
mississippiensis.
MCINTOSH..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
MURRAY....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
MUSKOGEE..................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
INSECTS.............. BEETLE, AMERICAN Nicrophorus L, E
BURYING. americanus.
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
NOBLE........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
NOWATA....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
OKLAHOMA..................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
OSAGE........................ BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
CURLEW, ESKIMO....... Numenius borealis... L, E
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
OTTAWA....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FISHES............... CAVEFISH, OZARK...... Amblyopsis rosae.... L, T
MADTOM, NEOSHO....... Noturus placidus.... L, T
MAMMALS.............. BAT, GRAY............ Myotis grisescens... L, E
BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
BAT, OZARK BIG-EARED. Plecotus townsendii L, E
ingens.
[[Page 7980]]
PAWNEE....................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
PAYNE........................ BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
PITTSBURG.................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
WOODPECKER, RED- Picoides borealis... L, E
COCKADED.
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
PONTOTOC..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
POTTAWATOMIE................. BIRDS................ TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
PUSHMATAHA................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
WOODPECKER, RED- Picoides borealis... L, E
COCKADED.
CLAMS................ ROCK-POCKETBOOK, Arkansia (=Arcidens) L, E
OUACHITA. wheeleri.
ROCK-POCKETBOOK, Arkansia (=Arcidens) L, E
OUACHITA (=WHEELER'S wheeleri.
PM).
FISHES............... DARTER, LEOPARD...... Percina pantherina.. L, T, CH
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
ROGER MILLS.................. BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
ROGERS....................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
PLANTS............... ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
SEMINOLE..................... BIRDS................ TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
SEQUOYAH..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
INSECTS.............. BEETLE, AMERICAN Nicrophorus L, E
BURYING. americanus.
BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
BAT, OZARK BIG-EARED. Plecotus townsendii L, E
ingens.
STEPHENS..................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
TEXAS........................ BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
TILLMAN...................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
TULSA........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
INSECTS.............. BEETLE, AMERICAN Nicrophorus L, E
BURYING. americanus.
WAGONER...................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
WASHINGTON................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
WASHITA...................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
WOODS........................ BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
CURLEW, ESKIMO....... Numenius borealis... L, E
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
WOODWARD..................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
[[Page 7981]]
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
OREGON
BAKER........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MURRELET, MARBLED.... Brachyramphus L, T, CH
marmoratus.
FISHES............... SALMON, CHINOOK Oncorhynchus L, E, CH
(SNAKE RIVER SPRING/ tshawytscha.
SUMMER).
TROUT, BULL (COLUMBIA Salvelinus P, T
RIVER POPULATION). confluentus.
BENTON....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
GOOSE, ALEUTIAN Branta canadensis L, T
CANADA. leucopareia.
OWL, NORTHERN SPOTTED Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
caurina.
PLOVER, WESTERN SNOWY Charadrius L, T
alexandrinus
nivosus.
FISHES............... CHUB, OREGON......... Oregonichthys L, E
crameri.
STEELHEAD, KLAMATH Oncoryhnchus mykiss. P, T
MOUNTAINS PROVINCE.
STEELHEAD, OREGON Oncorhynchus mykiss, P, T
COAST POPULATION. (Oregon Coast ESU).
PLANTS............... CHECKER-MALLOW, SIDALCEA NELSONIANA. L, T
NELSON'S.
LOMATIUM, BRADSHAW'S. Lomatium bradshawii. L, E
CLACKAMAS.................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
OWL, NORTHERN SPOTTED Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
caurina.
FISHES............... CHUB, OREGON......... Oregonichthys L, E
crameri.
STEELHEAD, KLAMATH Oncoryhnchus mykiss. P, T
MOUNTAINS PROVINCE.
STEELHEAD, LOWER Oncorhynchus mykiss, P, T
COLUMBIA RIVER (Lower Columbia
POPULATION. ESU).
STEELHEAD, LOWER Oncorhynchus mykiss, P, T
COLUMBIA RIVER (Lower Columbia
POPULATION. ESU).
TROUT, BULL (COLUMBIA Salvelinus P, T
RIVER POPULATION). confluentus.
PLANTS............... CHECKER-MALLOW, Sidalcea nelsoniana. L, T
NELSON'S.
CLATSOP...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
OWL, NORTHERN SPOTTED Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
caurina.
PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
PLOVER, WESTERN SNOWY Charadrius L, T
alexandrinus
nivosus.
FISHES............... SALMON, SNAKE RIVER Oncorhynchus nerka.. L, E, CH
SOCKEYE.
STEELHEAD, KLAMATH Oncoryhnchus mykiss. P, T
MOUNTAINS PROVINCE.
STEELHEAD, OREGON Oncorhynchus mykiss, P, T
COAST POPULATION. (Oregon Coast ESU).
INSECTS.............. BUTTERFLY, OREGON Speyeria zerene L, T, CH
SILVERSPOT. hippolyta.
MAMMALS.............. DEER, COLUMBIAN WHITE- Odocoileus L, E
TAILED. virginianus
leucurus.
COLUMBIA..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
OWL, NORTHERN SPOTTED Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
caurina.
FISHES............... SALMON, SNAKE RIVER Oncorhynchus nerka.. L, E, CH
SOCKEYE.
STEELHEAD, KLAMATH Oncoryhnchus mykiss. P, T
MOUNTAINS PROVINCE.
MAMMALS.............. DEER, COLUMBIAN WHITE- Odocoileus L, E
TAILED. virginianus
leucurus.
COOS......................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
GOOSE, ALEUTIAN Branta canadensis L, T
CANADA. leucopareia.
OWL, NORTHERN SPOTTED Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
caurina.
PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
PLOVER, WESTERN SNOWY Charadrius L, T
alexandrinus
nivosus.
FISHES............... STEELHEAD, KLAMATH Oncoryhnchus mykiss. P, T
MOUNTAINS PROVINCE.
STEELHEAD, OREGON Oncorhynchus mykiss, P, T
COAST POPULATION. (Oregon Coast ESU).
PLANTS............... LILY, WESTERN........ Lilium occidentale.. L, E
CROOK........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
CURRY........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
GOOSE, ALEUTIAN Branta canadensis L, T
CANADA. leucopareia.
MURRELET, MARBLED.... Brachyramphus L, T, CH
marmoratus.
OWL, NORTHERN SPOTTED Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
caurina.
PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
PLOVER, WESTERN SNOWY Charadrius L, T
alexandrinus
nivosus.
FISHES............... SALMON, COHO Oncorhynchus kisutch L, T
(SOUTHERN OR/
NORTHERN CA COAST).
[[Page 7982]]
STEELHEAD, KLAMATH Oncoryhnchus mykiss. P, T
MOUNTAINS PROVINCE.
STEELHEAD, OREGON Oncorhynchus mykiss, P, T
COAST POPULATION. (Oregon Coast ESU).
PLANTS............... ROCK-CRESS, RED MT... Arabis mcdonaldiana. L, E
DESCHUTES.................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FISHES............... TROUT, BULL (COLUMBIA Salvelinus P, T
RIVER POPULATION). confluentus.
DOUGLAS...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
GOOSE, ALEUTIAN Branta canadensis L, T
CANADA. leucopareia.
MURRELET, MARBLED.... Brachyramphus L, T, CH
marmoratus.
OWL, NORTHERN SPOTTED Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
caurina.
PLOVER, WESTERN SNOWY Charadrius L, T
alexandrinus
nivosus.
FISHES............... STEELHEAD, KLAMATH Oncoryhnchus mykiss. P, T
MOUNTAINS PROVINCE.
STEELHEAD, OREGON Oncorhynchus mykiss, P, T
COAST POPULATION. (Oregon Coast ESU).
TROUT, CUTTHROAT Oncorhynchus clarki L, E
(UMPQUA RIVER clarki.
POPULATION).
TROUT, CUTTHROAT Oncorhynchus clarki L, E
(UMPQUA RIVER clarki.
POPULATION).
TROUT, CUTTHROAT Oncorhynchus clarki L, E
(UMPQUA RIVER clarki.
POPULATION).
MAMMALS.............. DEER, COLUMBIAN WHITE- Odocoileus L, E
TAILED. virginianus
leucurus.
GILLIAM...................... FISHES............... SALMON, SNAKE RIVER Oncorhynchus nerka.. L, E, CH
SOCKEYE.
TROUT, BULL (COLUMBIA Salvelinus P, T
RIVER POPULATION). confluentus.
GRANT........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE............ Falco peregrinus..... L, E.................
FISHES............... TROUT, BULL (COLUMBIA Salvelinus P, T
RIVER POPULATION). confluentus.
HARNEY....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FISHES............... CHUB, BORAX LAKE..... Gila boraxobius..... L, E, CH
TROUT, LAHONTAN Salmo clarki L, T
CUTTHROAT. henshawi.
PLANTS............... WIRE-LETTUCE, MALHEUR Stephanomeria L, E, CH
malheurensis.
HOOD RIVER................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
OWL, NORTHERN SPOTTED Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
caurina.
FISHES............... SALMON, SNAKE RIVER Oncorhynchus nerka.. L, E, CH
SOCKEYE.
STEELHEAD, LOWER Oncorhynchus mykiss, P, T
COLUMBIA RIVER (Lower Columbia
POPULATION. ESU).
STEELHEAD, LOWER Oncorhynchus mykiss, P, T
COLUMBIA RIVER (Lower Columbia
POPULATION. ESU).
TROUT, BULL (COLUMBIA Salvelinus P, T
RIVER POPULATION). confluentus.
JACKSON...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
OWL, NORTHERN SPOTTED Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
caurina.
FISHES............... STEELHEAD, KLAMATH Oncoryhnchus mykiss. P, T
MOUNTAINS PROVINCE.
JEFFERSON.................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FISHES............... TROUT, BULL (COLUMBIA Salvelinus P, T
RIVER POPULATION). confluentus.
JOSEPHINE.................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
OWL, NORTHERN SPOTTED Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
caurina.
FISHES............... STEELHEAD, KLAMATH Oncoryhnchus mykiss. P, T
MOUNTAINS PROVINCE.
STEELHEAD, OREGON Oncorhynchus mykiss, P, T
COAST POPULATION. (Oregon Coast ESU).
KLAMATH...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
OWL, NORTHERN SPOTTED Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
caurina.
FISHES............... STEELHEAD, KLAMATH Oncoryhnchus mykiss. P, T
MOUNTAINS PROVINCE.
SUCKER, LOST RIVER... Deltistes luxatus... L, E
SUCKER, SHORTNOSE.... Chasmistes L, E
brevirostris.
TROUT, BULL (KLAMATH Salvelinus P, E
RIVER POPULATION). confluentus.
PLANTS............... MILK-VETCH, Astragalus L, E
APPLEGATE'S. applegatei.
[[Page 7983]]
LAKE......................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
OWL, NORTHERN SPOTTED Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
caurina.
FISHES............... CHUB, HUTTON TUI..... Gila bicolor ssp.... L, T
DACE, FOSKETT Rhinichthys osculus L, T
SPECKLED. ssp..
SUCKER, WARNER....... Catostomus L, T, CH
warnerensis.
TROUT, BULL (KLAMATH Salvelinus P, E
RIVER POPULATION). confluentus.
LANE......................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
GOOSE, ALEUTIAN Branta canadensis L, T
CANADA. leucopareia.
MURRELET, MARBLED.... Brachyramphus L, T, CH
marmoratus.
OWL, NORTHERN SPOTTED Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
caurina.
PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
PLOVER, WESTERN SNOWY Charadrius L, T
alexandrinus
nivosus.
FISHES............... CHUB, OREGON......... Oregonichthys L, E
crameri.
STEELHEAD, KLAMATH Oncoryhnchus mykiss. P, T
MOUNTAINS PROVINCE.
STEELHEAD, OREGON Oncorhynchus mykiss, P, T
COAST POPULATION. (Oregon Coast ESU).
INSECTS.............. BUTTERFLY, OREGON Speyeria zerene L, T, CH
SILVERSPOT. hippolyta.
MAMMALS.............. DEER, COLUMBIAN WHITE- Odocoileus L, E
TAILED. virginianus
leucurus.
PLANTS............... LOMATIUM, BRADSHAW'S. Lomatium bradshawii. L, E
LINCOLN...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
GOOSE, ALEUTIAN Branta canadensis L, T
CANADA. leucopareia.
MURRELET, MARBLED.... Brachyramphus L, T, CH
marmoratus.
OWL, NORTHERN SPOTTED Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
caurina.
PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
PLOVER, WESTERN SNOWY Charadrius L, T
alexandrinus
nivosus.
FISHES............... STEELHEAD, KLAMATH Oncoryhnchus mykiss. P, T
MOUNTAINS PROVINCE.
STEELHEAD, OREGON Oncorhynchus mykiss, P, T
COAST POPULATION. (Oregon Coast ESU).
INSECTS.............. BUTTERFLY, OREGON Speyeria zerene L, T, CH
SILVERSPOT. hippolyta.
LINN......................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
OWL, NORTHERN SPOTTED Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
caurina.
FISHES............... CHUB, OREGON......... Oregonichthys L, E
crameri.
STEELHEAD, KLAMATH Oncoryhnchus mykiss. P, T
MOUNTAINS PROVINCE.
PLANTS............... CHECKER-MALLOW, Sidalcea nelsoniana. L, T
NELSON'S.
LOMATIUM, BRADSHAW'S. Lomatium bradshawii. L, E
MALHEUR...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FISHES............... SALMON, CHINOOK Oncorhynchus L, E, CH
(SNAKE RIVER SPRING/ tshawytscha.
SUMMER).
TROUT, BULL (COLUMBIA Salvelinus P, T
RIVER POPULATION). confluentus.
MARION....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
OWL, NORTHERN SPOTTED Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
caurina.
PLOVER, WESTERN SNOWY Charadrius L, T
alexandrinus
nivosus.
FISHES............... CHUB, OREGON......... Oregonichthys L, E
crameri.
STEELHEAD, KLAMATH Oncoryhnchus mykiss. P, T
MOUNTAINS PROVINCE.
PLANTS............... CHECKER-MALLOW, Sidalcea nelsoniana. L, T
NELSON'S.
LOMATIUM, BRADSHAW'S. Lomatium bradshawii. L, E
MORROW....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FISHES............... SALMON, SNAKE RIVER Oncorhynchus nerka.. L, E, CH
SOCKEYE.
MULTNOMAH.................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
OWL, NORTHERN SPOTTED Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
caurina.
FISHES............... SALMON, SNAKE RIVER Oncorhynchus nerka.. L, E, CH
SOCKEYE.
STEELHEAD, KLAMATH Oncoryhnchus mykiss. P, T
MOUNTAINS PROVINCE.
STEELHEAD, LOWER Oncorhynchus mykiss, P, T
COLUMBIA RIVER (Lower Columbia
POPULATION. ESU).
STEELHEAD, LOWER Oncorhynchus mykiss, P, T
COLUMBIA RIVER (Lower Columbia
POPULATION. ESU).
TROUT, BULL (COLUMBIA Salvelinus P, T
RIVER POPULATION). confluentus.
MAMMALS.............. DEER, COLUMBIAN WHITE- Odocoileus L, E
TAILED. virginianus
leucurus.
POLK......................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
MURRELET, MARBLED.... Brachyramphus L, T, CH
marmoratus.
[[Page 7984]]
OWL, NORTHERN SPOTTED Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
caurina.
FISHES............... CHUB, OREGON......... Oregonichthys L, E
crameri.
STEELHEAD, KLAMATH Oncoryhnchus mykiss. P, T
MOUNTAINS PROVINCE.
TROUT, BULL (COLUMBIA Salvelinus P, T
RIVER POPULATION). confluentus.
PLANTS............... CHECKER-MALLOW, Sidalcea nelsoniana. L, T
NELSON'S.
LOMATIUM, BRADSHAW'S. Lomatium bradshawii. L, E
SHERMAN...................... FISHES............... SALMON, SNAKE RIVER Oncorhynchus nerka.. L, E, CH
SOCKEYE.
TROUT, BULL (COLUMBIA Salvelinus P, T
RIVER POPULATION). confluentus.
TILLAMOOK.................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
GOOSE, ALEUTIAN Branta canadensis L, T
CANADA. leucopareia.
MURRELET, MARBLED.... Brachyramphus L, T, CH
marmoratus.
OWL, NORTHERN SPOTTED Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
caurina.
PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
PLOVER, WESTERN SNOWY Charadrius L, T
alexandrinus
nivosus.
FISHES............... STEELHEAD, KLAMATH Oncoryhnchus mykiss. P, T
MOUNTAINS PROVINCE.
STEELHEAD, OREGON Oncorhynchus mykiss, P, T
COAST POPULATION. (Oregon Coast ESU).
INSECTS.............. BUTTERFLY, OREGON Speyeria zerene L, T, CH
SILVERSPOT. hippolyta.
PLANTS............... CHECKER-MALLOW, Sidalcea nelsoniana. L, T
NELSON'S.
UMATILLA..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FISHES............... SALMON, SNAKE RIVER Oncorhynchus nerka.. L, E, CH
SOCKEYE.
TROUT, BULL (COLUMBIA Salvelinus P, T
RIVER POPULATION). confluentus.
UNION........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FISHES............... SALMON, CHINOOK Oncorhynchus L, E, CH
(SNAKE RIVER FALL tshawytscha.
RUN).
SALMON, CHINOOK Oncorhynchus L, E, CH
(SNAKE RIVER SPRING/ tshawytscha.
SUMMER).
TROUT, BULL (COLUMBIA Salvelinus P, T
RIVER POPULATION). confluentus.
WALLOWA...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FISHES............... SALMON, CHINOOK Oncorhynchus L, E, CH
(SNAKE RIVER FALL tshawytscha.
RUN).
SALMON, CHINOOK Oncorhynchus L, E, CH
(SNAKE RIVER SPRING/ tshawytscha.
SUMMER).
SALMON, SNAKE RIVER Oncorhynchus nerka.. L, E, CH
SOCKEYE.
TROUT, BULL (COLUMBIA Salvelinus P, T
RIVER POPULATION). confluentus.
PLANTS............... FOUR-O'CLOCK, Mirabilis L, T
MACFARLANE'S. macfarlanei.
WASCO........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
OWL, NORTHERN SPOTTED Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
caurina.
FISHES............... SALMON, SNAKE RIVER Oncorhynchus nerka.. L, E, CH
SOCKEYE.
TROUT, BULL (COLUMBIA Salvelinus P, T
RIVER POPULATION). Confluentus.
WASHINGTON................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
OWL, NORTHERN SPOTTED Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
caurina.
FISHES............... STEELHEAD, KLAMATH Oncoryhnchus mykiss. P, T
MOUNTAINS PROVINCE.
PLANTS............... CHECKER-MALLOW, Sidalcea nelsoniana. L, T
NELSON'S.
WHEELER...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FISHES............... TROUT, BULL (COLUMBIA Salvelinus P, T
RIVER POPULATION). confluentus.
YAMHILL...................... BIRDS................ OWL, NORTHERN SPOTTED Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
caurina.
FISHES............... STEELHEAD, KLAMATH Oncoryhnchus mykiss. P, T
MOUNTAINS PROVINCE.
TROUT, BULL (COLUMBIA Salvelinus P, T
RIVER POPULATION). confluentus.
INSECTS.............. BUTTERFLY, OREGON Speyeria zerene L, T, CH
SILVERSPOT. hippolyta.
PLANTS............... CHECKER-MALLOW, Sidalcea nelsoniana. L, T
NELSON'S.
PUERTO RICO
ADJUNTAS..................... AMPHIBIANS........... COQUI, GOLDEN........ Eleutherodactylus L, T, CH
jasperi.
PLANTS............... ERUBIA............... Solanum drymophilum. L, E
WALNUT, NOGAL........ Juglans jamaicensis. L,L
REPTILES............. BOA, PUERTO RICAN.... Epicrates inornatus. L, E
[[Page 7985]]
AGUADA....................... BIRDS................ PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
PLANTS............... BOXWOOD, VAHL'S...... Buxus vahlii........ L, E
REPTILES............. TURTLE, GREEN SEA.... Chelonia mydas...... L, E, T
AGUADILLA.................... BIRDS................ PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
REPTILES............. TURTLE, GREEN SEA.... Chelonia mydas...... L, E, T
TURTLE, HAWKSBILL SEA Eretmochelys L, E, CH
imbricata.
ANASCO....................... BIRDS................ PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
REPTILES............. TURTLE, GREEN SEA.... Chelonia mydas...... L, E, T
TURTLE, LEATHERBACK Dermochelys coriacea L, E, CH
SEA.
ARECIBO...................... BIRDS................ FALCON, AMERICAN Falco peregrinus L, E, CH
PEREGRINE. anatum.
MAMMALS.............. MANATEE, WEST INDIAN Trichechus manatus.. L, E, CH
(FLORIDA).
PLANTS............... CHUPACALLOS.......... Pleodendron L, E
macranthum.
MYRCIA PAGANII....... Myrcia paganii...... L, E
PALMA DE MANACA...... Calyptronoma rivalis L, T
PALO DE NIGUA........ Cornutia obovata.... L, E
TECTARIA ESTREMERANA. Tectaria estremerana L, E
REPTILES............. BOA, PUERTO RICAN.... Epicrates inornatus. L, E
TURTLE, GREEN SEA.... Chelonia mydas...... L, E, T
TURTLE, HAWKSBILL SEA Eretmochelys L, E, CH
imbricata.
TURTLE, LEATHERBACK Dermochelys coriacea L, E, CH
SEA.
ARROYA....................... MAMMALS.............. MANATEE, WEST INDIAN Trichechus manatus.. L, E, CH
(FLORIDA).
REPTILES............. TURTLE, GREEN SEA.... Chelonia mydas...... L, E, T
BARCELONETA.................. REPTILES............. BOA, PUERTO RICAN.... Epicrates inornatus. L, E
TURTLE, GREEN SEA.... Chelonia mydas...... L, E, T
TURTLE, LEATHERBACK Dermochelys coriacea L, E, CH
SEA.
BARRANQUITAS................. BIRDS................ BLACKBIRD, YELLOW- Agelaius xanthomus.. L, E, CH
SHOULDERED.
PLANTS............... PALO DE NIGUA........ Cornutia obovata.... L, E
BAYAMON...................... PLANTS............... BOXWOOD, VAHL'S...... Buxus vahlii........ L, E
REPTILES............. BOA, PUERTO RICAN.... Epicrates inornatus. L, E
CABO ROJO.................... BIRDS................ BLACKBIRD, YELLOW- Agelaius xanthomus.. L, E, CH
SHOULDERED.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
NIGHTJAR, PUERTO RICO Caprimulgus L, E
noctitherus.
PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
MAMMALS.............. MANATEE, WEST INDIAN Trichechus manatus.. L, E, CH
(FLORIDA).
PLANTS............... ARISTIDA CHASEAE..... Aristida chaseae.... L, E
BARIACO.............. Trichilia triacantha L, E
COBANA NEGRA......... Stahlia monosperma.. L, T
EUGENIA WOODBURYANA.. Eugenia woodburyana. L, E
LYONIA TRUNCATA VAR. Lyonia truncata var. L, E
PROCTORII. proctorii.
MITRACARPUS Mitracarpus L, E
MAXWELLIAE. maxwelliae.
MITRACARPUS Mitracarpus L, E
POLYCLADUS. polycladus.
PELOS DEL DIABLO..... Aristida L, E
portoricensis.
VERNONIA PROCTORII... Vernonia proctorii.. L, E
REPTILES............. BOA, PUERTO RICAN.... Epicrates inornatus. L, E
TURTLE, GREEN SEA.... Chelonia mydas...... L, E, T
TURTLE, HAWKSBILL SEA Eretmochelys L, E, CH
imbricata.
TURTLE, LEATHERBACK Dermochelys coriacea L, E, CH
SEA.
CAMUY........................ PLANTS............... PALMA DE MANACA...... Calyptronoma rivalis L, T
REPTILES............. TURTLE, GREEN SEA.... Chelonia mydas...... L, E, T
CAROLINA..................... BIRDS................ BLACKBIRD, YELLOW- Agelaius xanthomus.. L, E, CH
SHOULDERED.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
MAMMALS.............. MANATEE, WEST INDIAN Trichechus manatus.. L, E, CH
(FLORIDA).
REPTILES............. BOA, PUERTO RICAN.... Epicrates inornatus. L, E
TURTLE, GREEN SEA.... Chelonia mydas...... L, E, T
CARTAGENA LAGOON............. BIRDS................ FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
CATANO....................... MAMMALS.............. MANATEE, WEST INDIAN Trichechus manatus.. L, E, CH
(FLORIDA).
REPTILES............. TURTLE, GREEN SEA.... Chelonia mydas...... L, E, T
CAYEY........................ BIRDS................ PIGEON, PUERTO RICAN Columbia inornata L, E
PLAIN. wetmorei.
PLANTS............... UVILLO............... Eugenia haematocarpa L, E
REPTILES............. BOA, PUERTO RICAN.... Epicrates inornatus. L, E
CEIBA........................ BIRDS................ BLACKBIRD, YELLOW- Agelaius xanthomus.. L, E, CH
SHOULDERED.
PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
MAMMALS.............. MANATEE, WEST INDIAN Trichechus.......... L, E, CH
(FLORIDA).
PLANTS............... ILEX SINTENISII...... Ilex sintenisii..... L, E
REPTILES............. BOA, PUERTO RICAN.... Epicrates inornatus. L, E
TURTLE, GREEN SEA.... Chelonia mydas...... L, E, T
TURTLE, HAWKSBILL SEA Eretmochelys L, E, CH
imbricata.
TURTLE, LOGGERHEAD Caretta caretta..... L, T
SEA.
CIALES....................... PLANTS............... FERN, THELYPTERIS Fern, thelypteris L, E
INABONENSIS. inabonensis.
FERN, THELYPTERIS Fern, thelypteris L, E
YAUCOENSIS. yaucoensis.
CIDRA........................ BIRDS................ PIGEON, PUERTO RICAN Columbia inornata L, E
PLAIN. wetmorei.
COAMO........................ AMPHIBIANS........... TOAD, PUERTO RICAN Peltophryne lemur... L, T
CRESTED.
[[Page 7986]]
PLANTS............... PRICKLY-ASH, ST Zanthoxylum L, E
THOMAS. thomasianum.
COMERIO...................... BIRDS................ PIGEON, PUERTO RICAN Columbia inornata L, E
PLAIN. wetmorei.
CULEBRA...................... BIRDS................ PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
TERN, ROSEATE........ Sterna dougalli L, E, T
dougalli.
PLANTS............... LEPTOCEREUS Leptocereus L, E
GRANTIANUS. grantianus.
PEPEROMIA, WHEELER'S. Peperomia wheeleri.. L, E
REPTILES............. ANOLE, CULEBRA ISLAND Anolis roosevelti... L, E, CH
GIANT.
TURTLE, GREEN SEA.... Chelonia mydas...... L, E, T
TURTLE, HAWKSBILL SEA Eretmochelys L, E, CH
imbricata.
TURTLE, LEATHERBACK Dermochelys coriacea L, E, CH
SEA.
TURTLE, LOGGERHEAD Caretta caretta..... L, T
SEA.
DORADO....................... AMPHIBIANS........... TOAD, PUERTO RICAN Peltophryne lemur... L, T
CRESTED.
BIRDS................ PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
MAMMALS.............. MANATEE, WEST INDIAN Trichechus manatus.. L, E, CH
(FLORIDA).
PLANTS............... CASSIA MIRABILIS..... Cassia mirabilis.... L, E
DAPHNOPSIS HELLERANA. Daphnopsis hellerana L, E
PALO DE RAMON........ Banara vanderbiltii. L, E
REPTILES............. BOA, PUERTO RICAN.... Epicrates inornatus. L, E
FAJARDO...................... BIRDS................ BLACKBIRD, YELLOW- Agelaius xanthomus.. L, E, CH
SHOULDERED.
PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
MAMMALS.............. MANATEE, WEST INDIAN Trichechus manatus.. L, E, CH
(FLORIDA).
PLANTS............... ORTEGON.............. Coccolobra rugosa... P, T
SCHOEPFIA ARENARIA... Schoepfia arenaria.. L, T
REPTILES............. TURTLE, GREEN SEA.... Chelonia mydas...... L, E, T
GUANICA...................... AMPHIBIANS........... TOAD, PUERTO RICAN Peltophryne lemur... L, T
CRESTED.
BIRDS................ NIGHTJAR, PUERTO RICO Caprimulgus L, E
noctitherus.
PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
MAMMALS.............. MANATEE, WEST INDIAN Trichechus manatus.. L, E, CH
(FLORIDA).
PLANTS............... BARIACO.............. Trichilia triacantha L, E
EUGENIA WOODBURYANA.. Eugenia woodburyana. L, E
MITRACARPUS Mitracarpus L, E
MAXWELLIAE. maxwelliae.
MITRACARPUS Mitracarpus L, E
POLYCLADUS. polycladus.
PALO DE ROSA......... Ottoschulzia L, E
rhodoxylon.
REPTILES............. TURTLE, GREEN SEA.... Chelonia mydas...... L, E, T
TURTLE, HAWKSBILL SEA Eretmochelys L, E, CH
imbricata.
TURTLE, LEATHERBACK Dermochelys coriacea L, E, CH
SEA.
GUAYAMA...................... BIRDS................ BLACKBIRD, YELLOW- Agelaius xanthomus.. L, E, CH
SHOULDERED.
PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
MAMMALS.............. MANATEE, WEST INDIAN Trichechus manatus.. L, E, CH
(FLORIDA).
GUAYANILLA................... BIRDS................ NIGHTJAR, PUERTO RICO Caprimulgus L, E
noctitherus.
PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
MAMMALS.............. MANATEE, WEST INDIAN Trichechus manatus.. L, E, CH
(FLORIDA).
PLANTS............... BARIACO.............. Trichilia triacantha L, E
GURABO....................... PLANTS............... ORTEGON.............. Coccolobra rugosa... P, T
HATILLO...................... PLANTS............... FERN, THELYPTERIS Fern, thelypteris L, E
VERECUNDA. verecunda.
PALMA DE MANACA...... Calyptronoma rivalis L, T
PALO DE NIGUA........ Cornutia obovata.... L, E
HORMIGUEROS.................. PLANTS............... PELOS DEL DIABLO..... Aristida L, E
portoricensis.
HUMACAO...................... BIRDS................ FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
PLANTS............... ORTEGON.............. Coccolobra rugosa... P, T
REPTILES............. TURTLE, LEATHERBACK Dermochelys coriacea L, E, CH
SEA.
TURTLE, LOGGERHEAD Caretta caretta..... L, T
SEA.
ISABELA...................... AMPHIBIANS........... TOAD, PUERTO RICAN Peltophryne lemur... L, T
CRESTED.
PLANTS............... AUERODENDRON Auerodendron L, E
PAUCIFLORUM (NCN). pauciflorum.
AUERODENDRON Auerodendron L, E
PAUCIFLORUM (NCN). pauciflorum.
DAPHNOPSIS HELLERANA. Daphnopsis hellerana L, E
GOETZEA, BEAUTIFUL Goetzea elegans..... L, E
(MATABUEY).
PEPEROMIA, WHEELER'S. Peperomia wheeleri.. L, E
PRICKLY-ASH, ST Zanthoxylum L, E
THOMAS. thomasianum.
SCHOEPFIA ARENARIA... Schoepfia arenaria.. L, T
REPTILES............. BOA, PUERTO RICAN.... Epicrates inornatus. L, E
TURTLE, HAWKSBILL SEA Eretmochelys L, E, CH
imbricata.
JAYUYA....................... PLANTS............... FERN, ELAPHOGLOSSUM Fern, elaphoglossum L, E
SERPENS. serpens.
HOLLY, COOK'S........ Ilex cookii......... L, E
TREE FERN, ELFIN..... Cyathea L, E
dryopteroides.
JUANA DIAZ................... MAMMALS.............. MANATEE, WEST INDIAN Trichechus manatus.. L, E, CH
(FLORIDA).
LAJAS........................ BIRDS................ BLACKBIRD, YELLOW- Agelaius xanthomus.. L, E, CH
SHOULDERED.
FALCON, AMERICAN Falco peregrinus L, E, CH
PEREGRINE. anatum.
NIGHTJAR, PUERTO RICO Caprimulgus L, E
noctitherus.
PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
TERN, ROSEATE........ Sterna dougalli L, E, T
dougalli.
MAMMALS.............. MANATEE, WEST INDIAN Trichechus manatus.. L, E, CH
(FLORIDA).
PLANTS............... ARISTIDA CHASEAE..... Aristida chaseae.... L, E
[[Page 7987]]
COBANA NEGRA......... Stahlia monosperma.. L, T
EUGENIA WOODBURYANA.. Eugenia woodburyana. L, E
LYONIA TRUNCATA VAR. Lyonia truncata var. L, E
PROCTORII. proctorii.
MITRACARPUS Mitracarpus L, E
MAXWELLIAE. maxwelliae.
MITRACARPUS Mitracarpus L, E
POLYCLADUS. polycladus.
PELOS DEL DIABLO..... Aristida L, E
portoricensis.
VERNONIA PROCTORII... Vernonia proctorii.. L, E
REPTILES............. TURTLE, GREEN SEA.... Chelonia mydas...... L, E, T
TURTLE, HAWKSBILL SEA Eretmochelys L, E, CH
imbricata.
LARES........................ PLANTS............... PALO DE NIGUA........ Cornutia obovata.... L, E
LOIZA........................ MAMMALS.............. MANATEE, WEST INDIAN Trichechus manatus.. L, E, CH
(FLORIDA).
PLANTS............... SCHOEPFIA ARENARIA... Schoepfia arenaria.. L, T
REPTILES............. TURTLE, GREEN SEA.... Chelonia mydas...... L, E, T
TURTLE, LEATHERBACK Dermochelys coriacea L, E, CH
SEA.
TURTLE, LOGGERHEAD Caretta caretta..... L, T
SEA.
LUQUILLO..................... BIRDS................ HAWK, PUERTO RICAN Buteo platypterus L, E
BROAD-WINGED. brunnescens.
HAWK, PUERTO RICAN Accipiter striatus L, E
SHARP-SHINNED. venator.
MAMMALS.............. MANATEE, WEST INDIAN Trichechus manatus.. L, E, CH
(FLORIDA).
PLANTS............... COBANA NEGRA......... Stahlia monosperma.. L, T
ORTEGON.............. Coccolobra rugosa... P, T
PALO COLORADO Ternstroemia L, E
(TERNSTROEMIA luquillensis.
LUQUILLENSIS).
REPTILES............. BOA, PUERTO RICAN.... Epicrates inornatus. L, E
TURTLE, GREEN SEA.... Chelonia mydas...... L, E, T
TURTLE, HAWKSBILL SEA Eretmochelys L, E, CH
imbricata.
TURTLE, LEATHERBACK Dermochelys coriacea L, E, CH
SEA.
MANATI....................... PLANTS............... CASSIA MIRABILIS..... Cassia mirabilis.... L, E
REPTILES............. TURTLE, GREEN SEA.... Chelonia mydas...... L, E, T
MARICAO...................... BIRDS................ HAWK, PUERTO RICAN Buteo platypterus L, E
BROAD-WINGED. brunnescens.
HAWK, PUERTO RICAN Accipiter striatus L, E
SHARP-SHINNED. venator.
PLANTS............... CORDIA BELLONIS (NCN) Cordia bellonis L, E
(ncn).
CRANICHIS RICARTII... Cranichis ricartii.. L, E
GESNERIA PAUCIFLORA.. Gesneria pauciflora. L, T
HIGUERO DE SIERRA.... Crecentia L, E
portoricensis.
PALO DE ROSA......... Ottoschulzia L, E
rhodoxylon.
MAUNABO...................... MAMMALS.............. MANATEE, WEST INDIAN Trichechus manatus.. L, E, CH
(FLORIDA).
REPTILES............. TURTLE, GREEN SEA.... Chelonia mydas...... L, E, T
MAYAGUEZ..................... BIRDS................ BLACKBIRD, YELLOW- Agelaius xanthomus.. L, E, CH
SHOULDERED.
FALCON, AMERICAN Falco peregrinus L, E, CH
PEREGRINE. anatum.
MAMMALS.............. MANATEE, WEST INDIAN Trichechus manatus.. L, E, CH
(FLORIDA).
PLANTS............... CHUMBO, HIGO......... Harrisia (=Cereus) L, T
portoricensis.
PELOS DEL DIABLO..... Aristida L, E
portoricensis.
REPTILES............. BOA, MONA............ Epicrates monensis L, T, CH
monensis.
BOA, PUERTO RICAN.... Epicrates inornatus. L, E
GECKO, MONITO........ Sphaerodactylus L, E, CH
micropithecus.
IGUANA, MONA GROUND.. Cyclura stejnegeri.. L, T, CH
TURTLE, GREEN SEA.... Chelonia mydas...... L, E, T
TURTLE, HAWKSBILL SEA Eretmochelys L, E, CH
imbricata.
TURTLE, LEATHERBACK Dermochelys coriacea L, E, CH
SEA.
NAGUABO...................... BIRDS................ PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
MAMMALS.............. MANATEE, WEST INDIAN Trichechus manatus.. L, E, CH
(FLORIDA).
PLANTS............... CAPA ROSA............ Callicarpa ampla.... L, E
CHUPACALLOS.......... Pleodendron L, E
macranthum.
LEPANTHES ELTORENSIS. Lepanthes eltorensis L, E
ORTEGON.............. Coccolobra rugosa... P, T
TERNSTROEMIA Ternstroemia L, E
SUBSESSILIS. subsessilis.
UVILLO............... Eugenia haematocarpa L, E
REPTILES............. TURTLE, GREEN SEA.... Chelonia mydas...... L, E, T
PATILLAS..................... MAMMALS.............. MANATEE, WEST INDIAN Trichechus manatus.. L, E, CH
(FLORIDA).
PENUELAS..................... BIRDS................ NIGHTJAR, PUERTO RICO Caprimulgus L, E
noctitherus.
PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
MAMMALS.............. MANATEE, WEST INDIAN Trichechus manatus.. L, E, CH
(FLORIDA).
PLANTS............... POLYSTICHUM Polystichum L, E
CALDERONENSE (NCN). calderonenense.
REPTILES............. TURTLE, GREEN SEA.... Chelonia mydas...... L, E, T
PONCE........................ BIRDS................ NIGHTJAR, PUERTO RICO Caprimulgus L, E
noctitherus.
PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
MAMMALS.............. MANATEE, WEST INDIAN Trichechus manatus.. L, E, CH
(FLORIDA).
PLANTS............... FERN, THELYPTERIS Fern, thelypteris L, E
INABONENSIS. inabonensis.
HOLLY, COOK'S........ Ilex cookii......... L, E
REPTILES............. TURTLE, GREEN SEA.... Chelonia mydas...... L, E, T
QUEBRADILLAS................. AMPHIBIANS........... TOAD, PUERTO RICAN Peltophryne lemur... L, T
CRESTED.
PLANTS............... ADIANTUM VIVESII Adiantum vivesii.... L, E
(NCN).
FERN, ADIANTUM Fern, adiantum L, E
VIVESII. vivesii.
FERN, THELYPTERIS Fern, thelypteris L, E
VERECUNDA. verecunda.
[[Page 7988]]
GOETZEA, BEAUTIFUL Goetzea elegans..... L, E
(MATABUEY).
MYRCIA PAGANII....... Myrcia paganii...... L, E
PALMA DE MANACA...... Calyptronoma rivalis L, T
RINCON....................... MAMMALS.............. MANATEE, WEST INDIAN Trichechus manatus.. L, E, CH
(FLORIDA).
PLANTS............... BOXWOOD, VAHL'S...... Buxus vahlii........ L, E
REPTILES............. TURTLE, GREEN SEA.... Chelonia mydas...... L, E, T
TURTLE, LEATHERBACK Dermochelys coriacea L, E, CH
SEA.
RIO GRANDE................... BIRDS................ BLACKBIRD, YELLOW- Agelaius xanthomus.. L, E, CH
SHOULDERED.
FALCON, AMERICAN Falco peregrinus L, E, CH
PEREGRINE. anatum.
PARROT, PUERTO RICAN. Amazona vittata..... L, E
PLANTS............... CAPA ROSA............ Callicarpa ampla.... L, E
CHUPACALLOS.......... Pleodendron L, E
macranthum.
COBANA NEGRA......... Stahlia monosperma.. L, T
ILEX SINTENISII...... Ilex sintenisii..... L, E
LEPANTHES ELTORENSIS. Lepanthes eltorensis L, E
ORTEGON.............. Coccolobra rugosa... P, T
PALO COLORADO Ternstroemia L, E
(TERNSTROEMIA luquillensis.
LUQUILLENSIS).
PALO DE JAZMIN....... Styrax portoricensis L, E
PALO DE NIGUA........ Cornutia obovata.... L, E
UVILLO............... Eugenia haematocarpa L, E
REPTILES............. BOA, PUERTO RICAN.... Epicrates inornatus. L, E
TURTLE, GREEN SEA.... Chelonia mydas...... L, E, T
TURTLE, HAWKSBILL SEA Eretmochelys L, E, CH
imbricata.
TURTLE, LEATHERBACK Dermochelys coriacea L, E, CH
SEA.
SABANA GRANDE................ PLANTS............... GESNERIA PAUCIFLORA.. Gesneria pauciflora. L, T
HIGUERO DE SIERRA.... Crecentia L, E
portoricensis.
PALO DE ROSA......... Ottoschulzia L, E
rhodoxylon.
SALINAS...................... BIRDS................ BLACKBIRD, YELLOW- Agelaius xanthomus.. L, E, CH
SHOULDERED.
PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
PIGEON, PUERTO RICAN Columbia inornata L, E
PLAIN. wetmorei.
MAMMALS.............. MANATEE, WEST INDIAN Trichechus manatus.. L, E, CH
(FLORIDA).
REPTILES............. TURTLE, GREEN SEA.... Chelonia mydas...... L, E, T
TURTLE, HAWKSBILL SEA Eretmochelys L, E, CH
imbricata.
SAN GERMAN................... BIRDS................ BLACKBIRD, YELLOW- Agelaius xanthomus.. L, E, CH
SHOULDERED.
PLANTS............... CRANICHIS RICARTII... Cranichis ricartii.. L, E
HIGUERO DE SIERRA.... Crecentia L, E
portoricensis.
REPTILES............. BOA, PUERTO RICAN.... Epicrates inornatus. L, E
SAN JUAN..................... BIRDS................ BLACKBIRD, YELLOW- Agelaius xanthomus.. L, E, CH
SHOULDERED.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
MAMMALS.............. MANATEE, WEST INDIAN Trichechus manatus.. L, E, CH
(FLORIDA).
REPTILES............. TURTLE, GREEN SEA.... Chelonia mydas...... L, E, T
SAN LORENZO.................. AMPHIBIANS........... GUAJON Eleutherodactylus P, T
(ELEUTHERODACTYLUS cooki.
COOKI).
SAN SEBASTIAN................ PLANTS............... FERN, THELYPTERIS Fern, thelypteris L, E
VERECUNDA. verecunda.
PALMA DE MANACA...... Calyptronoma rivalis L, T
SANTA ISABEL................. BIRDS................ PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
MAMMALS.............. MANATEE, WEST INDIAN Trichechus manatus.. L, E, CH
(FLORIDA).
TOA BAJA..................... MAMMALS.............. MANATEE, WEST INDIAN Trichechus manatus.. L, E, CH
(FLORIDA).
PLANTS............... DAPHNOPSIS HELLERANA. Daphnopsis hellerana L, E
ORTEGON.............. Coccolobra rugosa... P, T
PALO DE ROSA......... Ottoschulzia L, E
rhodoxylon.
REPTILES............. BOA, PUERTO RICAN.... Epicrates inornatus. L, E
TURTLE, GREEN SEA.... Chelonia mydas...... L, E, T
TURTLE, HAWKSBILL SEA Eretmochelys L, E, CH
imbricata.
UTUADO....................... BIRDS................ HAWK, PUERTO RICAN Buteo platypterus L, E
BROAD-WINGED. brunnescens.
HAWK, PUERTO RICAN Accipiter striatus L, E
SHARP-SHINNED. venator.
PIGEON, PUERTO RICAN Columbia inornata L, E
PLAIN. wetmorei.
PLANTS............... PALMA DE MANACA...... Calyptronoma rivalis L, T
PALO DE NIGUA........ Cornutia obovata.... L, E
REPTILES............. BOA, PUERTO RICAN.... Epicrates inornatus. L, E
VEGA ALTA.................... MAMMALS.............. MANATEE, WEST INDIAN Trichechus manatus.. L, E, CH
(FLORIDA).
PLANTS............... CASSIA MIRABILIS..... Cassia mirabilis.... L, E
REPTILES............. BOA, PUERTO RICAN.... Epicrates inornatus. L, E
TURTLE, GREEN SEA.... Chelonia mydas...... L, E, T
TURTLE, HAWKSBILL SEA Eretmochelys L, E, CH
imbricata.
VEGA BAJA.................... PLANTS............... CASSIA MIRABILIS..... Cassia mirabilis.... L, E
REPTILES............. TURTLE, GREEN SEA.... Chelonia mydas...... L, E, T
TURTLE, HAWKSBILL SEA Eretmochelys L, E, CH
imbricata.
VIEQUES...................... BIRDS................ FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
MAMMALS.............. MANATEE, WEST INDIAN Trichechus manatus.. L, E, CH
(FLORIDA).
PLANTS............... CALYPTRANTHES Calyptranthes L, E
THOMASIANA. thomasiana.
COBANA NEGRA......... Stahlia monosperma.. L, T
[[Page 7989]]
MYRCIA PAGANII....... Myrcia paganii...... L, E
REPTILES............. TURTLE, GREEN SEA.... Chelonia mydas...... L, E, T
TURTLE, HAWKSBILL SEA Eretmochelys L, E, CH
imbricata.
TURTLE, LEATHERBACK Dermochelys coriacea L, E, CH
SEA.
TURTLE, LOGGERHEAD Caretta caretta..... L, T
SEA.
YABUCOA...................... AMPHIBIANS........... GUAJON Eleutherodactylus P, T
(ELEUTHERODACTYLUS cooki.
COOKI).
MAMMALS.............. MANATEE, WEST INDIAN Trichechus manatus.. L, E, CH
(FLORIDA).
PLANTS............... ORTEGON.............. Coccolobra rugosa... P, T
REPTILES............. BOA, PUERTO RICAN.... Epicrates inornatus. L, E
YAUCO........................ BIRDS................ NIGHTJAR, PUERTO RICO Caprimulgus L, E
noctitherus.
PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
PLANTS............... BARIACO.............. Trichilia triacantha L, E
FERN, THELYPTERIS Fern, thelypteris L, E
YAUCOENSIS. yaucoensis.
HIGUERO DE SIERRA.... Crecentia L, E
portoricensis.
PALO DE ROSA......... Ottoschulzia L, E
rhodoxylon.
REPTILES............. TURTLE, HAWKSBILL SEA Eretmochelys L, E, CH
imbricata.
TURTLE, LEATHERBACK Dermochelys coriacea L, E, CH
SEA.
RHODE ISLAND
KENT......................... FISHES............... STURGEON, SHORTNOSE.. Acipenser L, E
brevirostrum.
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
NEWPORT...................... BIRDS................ PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
FISHES............... STURGEON, SHORTNOSE.. Acipenser L, E
brevirostrum.
PROVIDENCE................... MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
PLANTS............... POGONIA, SMALL Isotria medeoloides. L, T
WHORLED.
WASHINGTON................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
FISHES............... STURGEON, SHORTNOSE.. Acipenser L, E
brevirostrum.
INSECTS.............. BEETLE, AMERICAN Nicrophorus L, E
BURYING. americanus.
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
PLANTS............... GERARDIA, SANDPLAIN.. Agalinus acuta...... L, E
SOUTH DAKOTA
AURORA....................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
BEADLE....................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
BENNETT...................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLANTS............... ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
BON HOMME.................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
BROOKINGS.................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
INSECTS.............. BEETLE, AMERICAN Nicrophorus L, E
BURYING. americanus.
PLANTS............... ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
BROWN........................ PLANTS............... ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
BRULE........................ BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
BUFFALO...................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
BUTTE........................ BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
CAMPBELL..................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
CHARLES MIX.................. BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
CLARK........................ BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
[[Page 7990]]
CLAY......................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
PLANTS............... ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
CODINGTON.................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLANTS............... ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
CORSON....................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
CUSTER....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
DAVISON...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
DAY.......................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
PLANTS............... ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
DEUEL........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLANTS............... ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
DEWEY........................ BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
DOUGLAS...................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
EDMUNDS...................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALL RIVER................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
FAULK........................ BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
GRANT........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLANTS............... ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
GREGORY...................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
HAAKON....................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
INSECTS.............. BEETLE, AMERICAN Nicrophorus L, E
BURYING. americanus.
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
HAMLIN....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
HAND......................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
HARDING...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
HUGHES....................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
HUTCHINSON................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
HYDE......................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
JACKSON...................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
JERAULD...................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
[[Page 7991]]
JONES........................ BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
KINGSBURY.................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
LAWRENCE..................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
LINCOLN...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLANTS............... ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
LYMAN........................ BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
MARSHALL..................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
MC PHERSON................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
MEADE........................ BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
MELLETTE..................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
MINER........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
MINNEHAHA.................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLANTS............... ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
MOODY........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLANTS............... ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
PENNINGTON................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
PERKINS...................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
POTTER....................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
ROBERTS...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLANTS............... ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
SANBORN...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
SPINK........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
STANLEY...................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
SULLY........................ BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
TODD......................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
PLANTS............... ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
TRIPP........................ BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
TURNER....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLANTS............... ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
[[Page 7992]]
UNION........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
INSECTS.............. BEETLE, AMERICAN Nicrophorus L, E
BURYING. americanus.
PLANTS............... ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
WALWORTH..................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
YANKTON...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
FISHES............... STURGEON, PALLID..... Scaphirhynchus albus L, E
PLANTS............... ORCHID, WESTERN Platanthera L, T
PRAIRIE FRINGED. praeclara.
ZIEBACH...................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
TEXAS
ANDERSON..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
WOODPECKER, RED- Picoides borealis... L, E
COCKADED.
MAMMALS.............. BEAR, LOUISIANA BLACK Ursus americanus L, T
luteolus.
ANGELINA..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
WOODPECKER, RED- Picoides borealis... L, E
COCKADED.
MAMMALS.............. BEAR, LOUISIANA BLACK Ursus americanus L, T
luteolus.
ARANSAS...................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
CURLEW, ESKIMO....... Numenius borealis... L, E
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
PRAIRIE-CHICKEN, Tympanuchus cupido L, E
ATTWATER'S GREATER. attwateri.
MAMMALS.............. BEAR, LOUISIANA BLACK Ursus americanus L, T
luteolus.
JAGUARUNDI........... Felis yagouaroundi L, E
tolteca.
OCELOT............... Felis pardalis...... L, E
REPTILES............. TURTLE, GREEN SEA.... Chelonia mydas...... L, E, T
TURTLE, HAWKSBILL SEA Eretmochelys L, E, CH
imbricata.
TURTLE, KEMP'S Lepidochelys kempii. L, E
(ATLANTIC) RIDLEY
SEA.
TURTLE, LOGGERHEAD Caretta caretta..... L, T
SEA.
ARCHER....................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
ATASCOSA..................... MAMMALS.............. OCELOT............... Felis pardalis...... L, E
AUSTIN....................... AMPHIBIANS........... TOAD, HOUSTON........ Bufo houstonensis... L, E, CH
BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PRAIRIE-CHICKEN, Tympanuchus cupido L, E
ATTWATER'S GREATER. attwateri.
BAILEY....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
BANDERA...................... BIRDS................ VIREO, BLACK-CAPPED.. Vireo atricapillus.. L, E
PLANTS............... CACTUS, TOBUSCH Ancistrocactus L, E
FISHHOOK. tobuschii
(=Echinocactus t,
Mammila.
BASTROP...................... AMPHIBIANS........... TOAD, HOUSTON........ Bufo houstonensis... L, E, CH
BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
BAYLOR....................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
BEE.......................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
BELL......................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
VIREO, BLACK-CAPPED.. Vireo atricapillus.. L, E
WARBLER (WOOD), Dendroica L, E
GOLDEN-CHEEKED. chrysoparia.
BEXAR........................ BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
VIREO, BLACK-CAPPED.. Vireo atricapillus.. L, E
WARBLER (WOOD), Dendroica L, E
GOLDEN-CHEEKED. chrysoparia.
BLANCO....................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
VIREO, BLACK-CAPPED.. Vireo atricapillus.. L, E
WARBLER (WOOD), Dendroica L, E
GOLDEN-CHEEKED. chrysoparia.
BOSQUE....................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
[[Page 7993]]
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
VIREO, BLACK-CAPPED.. Vireo atricapillus.. L, E
WARBLER (WOOD), Dendroica L, E
GOLDEN-CHEEKED. chrysoparia.
BOWIE........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
WOODPECKER, RED- Picoides borealis... L, E
COCKADED.
BRAZORIA..................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
REPTILES............. TURTLE, GREEN SEA.... Chelonia mydas...... L, E, T
TURTLE, KEMP'S Lepidochelys kempii. L, E
(ATLANTIC) RIDLEY
SEA.
TURTLE, LEATHERBACK Dermochelys coriacea L, E, CH
SEA.
TURTLE, LOGGERHEAD Caretta caretta..... L, T
SEA.
BRAZOS....................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLANTS............... LADIES'-TRESSES, Spiranthes parksii.. L, E
NAVASOTA.
BREWSTER..................... BIRDS................ FALCON, NORTHERN Falco femoralis L, E
APLOMADO. septentrionalis.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FLYCATCHER, Empiodonax traillii L, E
SOUTHWESTERN WILLOW. extimus.
VIREO, BLACK-CAPPED.. Vireo atricapillus.. L, E
FISHES............... GAMBUSIA, BIG BEND... Gambusia gaigei..... L, E
MAMMALS.............. BAT, MEXICAN LONG- Leptonycteris L, E
NOSED. nivalis.
PLANTS............... CACTUS, BUNCHED CORY. Coryphantha L, T
ramillosa.
CACTUS, CHISOS Echinocereus L, T
MOUNTAIN HEDGEHOG. reichenbachii var.
chisoensis.
CACTUS, LLOYD'S Echinocereus lloydii L, E
HEDGEHOG.
CACTUS, LLOYD'S Neolloydia L, T
MARIPOSA. mariposensis.
CACTUS, NELLIE CORY.. Coryphantha minima.. L, E
CAT'S-EYE, TERLINGUA Cryptantha crassipes L, E
CREEK.
PITAYA, DAVIS' GREEN. Echinocereus L, E
viridiflorus var.
davisii.
BROOKS....................... BIRDS................ FALCON, NORTHERN Falco femoralis L, E
APLOMADO. septentrionalis.
PYGMY-OWL, CACTUS Glaucidiumbrasilianu L, E
FERRUGINOUS. m cactorum.
MAMMALS.............. JAGUARUNDI........... Felis yagouaroundi L, E
tolteca.
OCELOT............... Felis pardalis...... L, E
BROWN........................ BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
BIRDS................ VIREO, BLACK-CAPPED.. Vireo atricapillus.. L, E
REPTILES............. SNAKE, CONCHO WATER.. Nerodia harteri L, T, CH
paucimaculata.
BURLESON..................... AMPHIBIANS........... TOAD, HOUSTON........ Bufo houstonensis... L, E, CH
BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
MAMMALS.............. BEAR, LOUISIANA BLACK Ursus americanus L, T
luteolus.
PLANTS............... LADIES'-TRESSES, Spiranthes parksii.. L, E
NAVASOTA.
BURNET....................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
VIREO, BLACK-CAPPED.. Vireo atricapillus.. L, E
WARBLER (WOOD), Dendroica L, E
GOLDEN-CHEEKED. chrysoparia.
CALDWELL..................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
FISHES............... DARTER, FOUNTAIN..... Etheostoma fonticola L, E, CH
CALHOUN...................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
REPTILES............. TURTLE, GREEN SEA.... Chelonia mydas...... L, E, T
TURTLE, HAWKSBILL SEA Eretmochelys L, E, CH
imbricata.
TURTLE, KEMP'S Lepidochelys kempii. L, E
(ATLANTIC) RIDLEY
SEA.
TURTLE, LEATHERBACK Dermochelys coriacea L, E, CH
SEA.
TURTLE, LOGGERHEAD Caretta caretta..... L, T
SEA.
CAMERON...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, NORTHERN Falco femoralis L, E
APLOMADO. septentrionalis.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
PYGMY-OWL, CACTUS Glaucidiumbrasilianu L, E
FERRUGINOUS. m cactorum.
FISHES............... MINNOW, RIO GRANDE Hybognathus amarus.. L, E
SILVERY.
MAMMALS.............. JAGUARUNDI........... Felis yagouaroundi L, E
tolteca.
OCELOT............... Felis pardalis...... L, E
REPTILES............. TURTLE, GREEN SEA.... Chelonia mydas...... L, E, T
TURTLE, HAWKSBILL SEA Eretmochelys L, E, CH
imbricata.
TURTLE, KEMP'S Lepidochelys kempii. L, E
(ATLANTIC) RIDLEY
SEA.
[[Page 7994]]
TURTLE, LEATHERBACK Dermochelys coriacea L, E, CH
SEA.
TURTLE, LOGGERHEAD Caretta caretta..... L, T
SEA.
CASS......................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
WOODPECKER, RED- Picoides borealis... L, E
COCKADED.
MAMMALS.............. BEAR, LOUISIANA BLACK Ursus americanus L, T
luteolus.
CHAMBERS..................... BIRDS................ CURLEW, ESKIMO....... Numenius borealis... L, E
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
REPTILES............. TURTLE, GREEN SEA.... Chelonia mydas...... L, E, T
TURTLE, HAWKSBILL SEA Eretmochelys L, E, CH
imbricata.
TURTLE, KEMP'S Lepidochelys kempii. L, E
(ATLANTIC) RIDLEY
SEA.
TURTLE, LEATHERBACK Dermochelys coriacea L, E, CH
SEA.
TURTLE, LOGGERHEAD Caretta caretta..... L, T
SEA.
CHEROKEE..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
WOODPECKER, RED- Picoides borealis... L, E
COCKADED.
MAMMALS.............. BEAR, LOUISIANA BLACK Ursus americanus L, T
luteolus.
CHILDRESS.................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
CLAY......................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
COKE......................... BIRDS................ VIREO, BLACK-CAPPED.. Vireo atricapillus.. L, E
PLANTS............... POPPY-MALLOW, TEXAS.. Callirhoe L, E
scabriuscula.
REPTILES............. SNAKE, CONCHO WATER.. Nerodia harteri L, T, CH
paucimaculata.
COLEMAN...................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
BIRDS................ VIREO, BLACK-CAPPED.. Vireo atricapillus.. L, E
REPTILES............. SNAKE, CONCHO WATER.. Nerodia harteri L, T, CH
paucimaculata.
COLLINGSWORTH................ BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
COLORADO..................... AMPHIBIANS........... TOAD, HOUSTON........ Bufo houstonensis... L, E, CH
BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PRAIRIE-CHICKEN, Tympanuchus cupido L, E
ATTWATER'S GREATER. attwateri.
COMAL........................ AMPHIBIANS........... SALAMANDER, SAN Eurycea nana........ L, T, CH
MARCOS.
BIRDS................ WARBLER (WOOD), Dendroica L, E
GOLDEN-CHEEKED. chrysoparia.
CRUSTACEAN........... AMPHIPOD, PECK'S CAVE Stygobromus pecki... P, E
AMPHIPOD, PECK'S CAVE Stygobromus pecki... P, E
FISHES............... DARTER, FOUNTAIN..... Etheostoma fonticola L, E, CH
INSECTS.............. BEETLE, COMAL SPRINGS Stygoparnus P, E
DRYOPID. comalensis.
BEETLE, COMAL SPRINGS Heterelmis P, E
RIFFLE. comalensis.
REPTILES............. TURTLE, CAGLE'S MAP.. Graptemys caglei.... L, T
COMANCHE..................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
VIREO, BLACK-CAPPED.. Vireo atricapillus.. L, E
WARBLER (WOOD), Dendroica L, E
GOLDEN-CHEEKED. chrysoparia.
CONCHO....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
REPTILES............. SNAKE, CONCHO WATER.. Nerodia harteri L, T, CH
paucimaculata.
COOKE........................ BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
VIREO, BLACK-CAPPED.. Vireo atricapillus.. L, E
CORYELL...................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
VIREO, BLACK-CAPPED.. Vireo atricapillus.. L, E
WARBLER (WOOD), Dendroica L, E
GOLDEN-CHEEKED. chrysoparia.
CROCKETT..................... BIRDS................ VIREO, BLACK-CAPPED.. Vireo atricapillus.. L, E
CULBERSON.................... BIRDS................ FALCON, NORTHERN Falco femoralis L, E
APLOMADO. septentrionalis.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLANTS............... CACTUS, LLOYD'S Echinocereus lloydii L, E
HEDGEHOG.
CACTUS, SNEED Coryphantha sneedii L, E
PINCUSHION. var. sneedii.
DALLAS....................... BIRDS................ VIREO, BLACK-CAPPED.. Vireo atricapillus.. L, E
DE WITT...................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
REPTILES............. TURTLE, CAGLE'S MAP.. Graptemys caglei.... L, T
DIMMIT....................... BIRDS................ FALCON, NORTHERN Falco femoralis L, E
APLOMADO. septentrionalis.
MAMMALS.............. OCELOT............... Felis pardalis...... L, E
DUVAL........................ MAMMALS.............. OCELOT............... Felis pardalis...... L, E
ECTOR........................ BIRDS................ FALCON, NORTHERN Falco femoralis L, E
APLOMADO. septentrionalis.
EDWARDS...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
VIREO, BLACK-CAPPED.. Vireo atricapillus.. L, E
WARBLER (WOOD), Dendroica L, E
GOLDEN-CHEEKED. chrysoparia.
PLANTS............... CACTUS, TOBUSCH Ancistrocactus L, E
FISHHOOK. tobuschii
(=Echinocactus t.,
Mammila.
[[Page 7995]]
SNOWBELLS, TEXAS..... Styrax texana....... L, E
EL PASO...................... BIRDS................ FALCON, NORTHERN Falco femoralis L, E
APLOMADO. septentrionalis.
PLANTS............... CACTUS, SNEED Coryphantha sneedii L, E
PINCUSHION. var. sneedii.
ELLIS........................ BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
ERATH........................ BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
VIREO, BLACK-CAPPED.. Vireo atricapillus.. L, E
WARBLER (WOOD), Dendroica L, E
GOLDEN-CHEEKED. chrysoparia.
FALLS........................ BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
FANNIN....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
FAYETTE...................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FORT BEND.................... AMPHIBIANS........... TOAD, HOUSTON........ Bufo houstonensis... L, E, CH
BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLANTS............... DAWN-FLOWER, TEXAS Hymenoxys texana.... L, E
PRAIRIE (=TEXAS
BITTERWEED.
FLOWER, TEXAS PRAIRIE Hymenoxys texana.... L, E
DAWN.
FREESTONE.................... AMPHIBIANS........... TOAD, HOUSTON........ Bufo houstonensis... L, E, CH
BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLANTS............... LADIES'-TRESSES, Spiranthes parksii.. L, E
NAVASOTA.
SAND-VERBENA, LARGE- Abronia macrocarpa.. L, E
FRUITED.
FRIO......................... BIRDS................ FALCON, NORTHERN Falco femoralis L, E
APLOMADO. septentrionalis.
GALVESTON.................... BIRDS................ CURLEW, ESKIMO....... Numenius borealis... L, E
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
PRAIRIE-CHICKEN, Tympanuchus cupido L, E
ATTWATER'S GREATER. attwateri.
REPTILES............. TURTLE, GREEN SEA.... Chelonia mydas...... L, E, T
TURTLE, HAWKSBILL SEA Eretmochelys L, E, CH
imbricata.
TURTLE, KEMP'S Lepidochelys kempii. L, E
(ATLANTIC) RIDLEY
SEA.
TURTLE, LEATHERBACK Dermochelys coriacea L, E, CH
SEA.
TURTLE, LOGGERHEAD Caretta caretta..... L, T
SEA.
GILLESPIE.................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
GOLIAD....................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PRAIRIE-CHICKEN, Tympanuchus cupido L, E
ATTWATER'S GREATER. attwateri.
GONZALES..................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
REPTILES............. TURTLE, CAGLE'S MAP.. Graptemys caglei.... L, T
GRAYSON...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
VIREO, BLACK-CAPPED.. Vireo atricapillus.. L, E
GREGG........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
MAMMALS.............. BEAR, LOUISIANA BLACK Ursus americanus L, T
luteolus.
GRIMES....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLANTS............... LADIES'-TRESSES, Spiranthes parksii.. L, E
NAVASOTA.
GUADALUPE.................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
REPTILES............. TURTLE, CAGLE'S MAP.. Graptemys caglei.... L, T
HALL......................... BIRDS................ TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
HAMILTON..................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
WARBLER (WOOD), Dendroica L, E
GOLDEN-CHEEKED. chrysoparia.
HARDEMAN..................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
HARDIN....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
WOODPECKER, RED- Picoides borealis... L, E
COCKADED.
PLANTS............... PHLOX, TEXAS TRAILING Phlox nivalis ssp. L, E
texensis.
HARRIS....................... BIRDS................ FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLANTS............... DAWN-FLOWER, TEXAS Hymenoxys texana.... L, E
PRAIRIE (=TEXAS
BITTERWEED.
FLOWER, TEXAS PRAIRIE Hymenoxys texana.... L, E
DAWN.
HARRISON..................... AMPHIBIANS........... TOAD, HOUSTON........ Bufo houstonensis... L, E, CH
BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
WOODPECKER, RED- Picoides borealis... L, E
COCKADED.
MAMMALS.............. BEAR, LOUISIANA BLACK Ursus americanus L, T
luteolus.
PLANTS............... DAWN-FLOWER, TEXAS Hymenoxys texana.... L, E
PRAIRIE (=TEXAS
BITTERWEED.
FLOWER, TEXAS PRAIRIE Hymenoxys texana.... L, E
DAWN.
[[Page 7996]]
HASKELL...................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
HAYS......................... AMPHIBIANS........... SALAMANDER, SAN Eurycea nana........ L, T, CH
MARCOS.
SALAMANDER, TEXAS Typhlomolge rathbuni L, E
BLIND.
BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
VIREO, BLACK-CAPPED.. Vireo atricapillus.. L, E
WARBLER (WOOD), Dendroica L, E
GOLDEN-CHEEKED. chrysoparia.
CRUSTACEAN........... AMPHIPOD, PECK'S CAVE Stygobromus pecki... P, E
AMPHIPOD, PECK'S CAVE Stygobromus pecki... P, E
FISHES............... DARTER, FOUNTAIN..... Etheostoma fonticola L, E, CH
GAMBUSIA, SAN MARCOS. Gambusia georgei.... L, E, CH
INSECTS.............. BEETLE, COMAL SPRINGS Stygoparnus P, E
DRYOPID. comalensis.
BEETLE, COMAL SPRINGS Heterelmis P, E
RIFFLE. comalensis.
BEETLE, COMAL SPRINGS Heterelmis P, E
RIFFLE. comalensis.
PLANTS............... WILD-RICE, TEXAS..... Zizania texana...... L, E, CH
HEMPHILL..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
HENDERSON.................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
HIDALGO...................... BIRDS................ FALCON, NORTHERN Falco femoralis L, E
APLOMADO. septentrionalis.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PYGMY-OWL, CACTUS Glaucidiumbrasilianu L, E
FERRUGINOUS. m cactorum.
MAMMALS.............. JAGUARUNDI........... Felis yagouaroundi L, E
tolteca.
OCELOT............... Felis pardalis...... L, E
PLANTS............... AYENIA, TEXAS........ Ayenia limitaris.... L, E
MANIOC, WALKER'S..... Manihot walkerae.... L, E
HILL......................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
HOOD......................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
WOODPECKER, RED- Picoides borealis... L, E
COCKADED.
HOUSTON...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
WOODPECKER, RED- Picoides borealis... L, E
COCKADED.
HUDSPETH..................... BIRDS................ FALCON, NORTHERN Falco femoralis L, E
APLOMADO. septentrionalis.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLANTS............... CACTUS, LLOYD'S Echinocereus lloydii L, E
HEDGEHOG.
CACTUS, SNEED Coryphantha sneedii L, E
PINCUSHION. var. sneedii.
HUNT......................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
HUTCHINSON................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
IRION........................ BIRDS................ VIREO, BLACK-CAPPED.. Vireo atricapillus.. L, E
REPTILES............. SNAKE, CONCHO WATER.. Nerodia harteri L, T, CH
paucimaculata.
JACKSON...................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
JASPER....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
WOODPECKER, RED- Picoides borealis... L, E
COCKADED.
PLANTS............... LADIES'-TRESSES, Spiranthes parksii.. L, E
NAVASOTA.
JEFF DAVIS................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, NORTHERN Falco femoralis L, E
APLOMADO. septentrionalis.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FISHES............... GAMBUSIA, PECOS...... Gambusia nobilis.... L, E
PUPFISH, COMANCHE Cyprinodon elegans.. L, E
SPRINGS.
PLANTS............... PONDWEED, LITTLE Potamogeton L, E
AGUJA CREEK. clystocarpus.
JEFFERSON.................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
REPTILES............. TURTLE, GREEN SEA.... Chelonia mydas...... L, E, T
TURTLE, HAWKSBILL SEA Eretmochelys L, E, CH
imbricata.
TURTLE, KEMP'S Lepidochelys kempii. L, E
(ATLANTIC) RIDLEY
SEA.
TURTLE, LEATHERBACK Dermochelys coriacea L, E, CH
SEA.
TURTLE, LOGGERHEAD Caretta caretta..... L, T
SEA.
JIM HOGG..................... MAMMALS.............. OCELOT............... Felis pardalis...... L, E
JIM WELLS.................... MAMMALS.............. JAGUARUNDI........... Felis yagouaroundi L, E
tolteca.
OCELOT............... Felis pardalis...... L, E
PLANTS............... CACTUS, BLACK LACE... Echinocereus L, E
reichenbachii var.
albertii.
JOHNSON...................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
JONES........................ BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
KARNES....................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
KENDALL...................... REPTILES............. TURTLE, CAGLE'S MAP.. Graptemys caglei.... L, T
KENEDY....................... BIRDS................ CURLEW, ESKIMO....... Numenius borealis... L, E
FALCON, NORTHERN Falco femoralis L, E
APLOMADO. septentrionalis.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
[[Page 7997]]
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
PYGMY-OWL, CACTUS Glaucidiumbrasilianu L, E
FERRUGINOUS. m cactorum.
MAMMALS.............. JAGUARUNDI........... Felis yagouaroundi L, E
tolteca.
OCELOT............... Felis pardalis...... L, E
REPTILES............. TURTLE, GREEN SEA.... Chelonia mydas...... L, E, T
TURTLE, HAWKSBILL SEA Eretmochelys L, E, CH
imbricata.
TURTLE, KEMP'S Lepidochelys kempii. L, E
(ATLANTIC) RIDLEY
SEA.
TURTLE, LEATHERBACK Dermochelys coriacea L, E, CH
SEA.
TURTLE, LOGGERHEAD Caretta caretta..... L, T
SEA.
KERR......................... BIRDS................ VIREO, BLACK-CAPPED.. Vireo atricapillus.. L, E
WARBLER (WOOD), Dendroica L, E
GOLDEN-CHEEKED. chrysoparia.
PLANTS............... CACTUS, TOBUSCH Ancistrocactus L, E
FISHHOOK. tobuschii
=Echinocactus t,
Mammila.
REPTILES............. TURTLE, CAGLE'S MAP.. Graptemys caglei.... L, T
KIMBLE....................... BIRDS................ VIREO, BLACK-CAPPED.. Vireo atricapillus.. L, E
WARBLER (WOOD), Dendroica L, E
GOLDEN-CHEEKED. chrysoparia.
PLANTS............... CACTUS, TOBUSCH Ancistrocactus L, E
FISHHOOK. tobuschii
=Echinocactus t,
Mammila.
SNOWBELLS, TEXAS..... Styrax texana....... L, E
KING......................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
KINNEY....................... BIRDS................ FALCON, NORTHERN Falco femoralis L, E
APLOMADO. septentrionalis.
VIREO, BLACK-CAPPED.. Vireo atricapillus.. L, E
WARBLER (WOOD), Dendroica L, E
GOLDEN-CHEEKED. chrysoparia.
PLANTS............... CACTUS, TOBUSCH Ancistrocactus L, E
FISHHOOK. tobuschii
=Echinocactus t,
Mammila.
KLEBERG...................... BIRDS................ CURLEW, ESKIMO....... Numenius borealis... L, E
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, NORTHERN Falco femoralis L, E
APLOMADO. septentrionalis.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
MAMMALS.............. JAGUARUNDI........... Felis yagouaroundi L, E
tolteca.
OCELOT............... Felis pardalis...... L, E
PLANTS............... AMBROSIA, SOUTH TEXAS Ambrosia L, E
cheiranthifolia.
AYENIA, TEXAS........ Ayenia limitaris.... L, E
CACTUS, BLACK LACE... Echinocereus L, E
reichenbachii var.
albertii.
RUSH-PEA, SLENDER.... Hoffmannseggia L, E
tenella.
REPTILES............. TURTLE, GREEN SEA.... Chelonia mydas...... L, E, T
TURTLE, HAWKSBILL SEA Eretmochelys L, E, CH
imbricata.
TURTLE, KEMP'S Lepidochelys kempii. L, E
(ATLANTIC) RIDLEY
SEA.
TURTLE, LEATHERBACK Dermochelys coriacea L, E, CH
SEA.
TURTLE, LOGGERHEAD Caretta caretta..... L, T
SEA.
KNOX......................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
LAMAR........................ BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
LAMPASAS..................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
VIREO, BLACK-CAPPED.. Vireo atricapillus.. L, E
WARBLER (WOOD), Dendroica L, E
GOLDEN-CHEEKED. chrysoparia.
REPTILES............. SNAKE, CONCHO WATER.. Nerodia harteri L, T, CH
paucimaculata.
LAVACA....................... AMPHIBIANS........... TOAD, HOUSTON........ Bufo houstonensis... L, E, CH
BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
MAMMALS.............. BEAR, LOUISIANA BLACK Ursus americanus L, T
luteolus.
LEE.......................... AMPHIBIANS........... TOAD, HOUSTON........ Bufo houstonensis... L, E, CH
BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
LEON......................... AMPHIBIANS........... TOAD, HOUSTON........ Bufo houstonensis... L, E, CH
BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
MAMMALS.............. BEAR, LOUISIANA BLACK Ursus americanus L, T
luteolus.
PLANTS............... LADIES'-TRESSES, Spiranthes parksii.. L, E
NAVASOTA.
SAND-VERBENA, LARGE- Abronia macrocarpa.. L, E
FRUITED.
LIBERTY...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
WOODPECKER, RED- Picoides borealis... L, E
COCKADED.
LIMESTONE.................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
LIPSCOMB..................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
LIVE OAK..................... MAMMALS.............. JAGUARUNDI........... Felis yagouaroundi L, E
tolteca.
OCELOT............... Felis pardalis...... L, E
PLANTS............... SPIDERLING, MATHIS... Boerhavia mathisiana P, E
LLANO........................ BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
VIREO, BLACK-CAPPED.. Vireo atricapillus.. L, E
WARBLER (WOOD), Dendroica L, E
GOLDEN-CHEEKED. chrysoparia.
LOVING....................... BIRDS................ FALCON, NORTHERN Falco femoralis L, E
APLOMADO. septentrionalis.
[[Page 7998]]
MADISON...................... PLANTS............... LADIES'-TRESSES, Spiranthes parksii.. L, E
NAVASOTA.
MARION....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
WOODPECKER, RED- Picoides borealis... L, E
COCKADED.
MAMMALS.............. BEAR, LOUISIANA BLACK Ursus americanus L, T
luteolus.
MASON........................ BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
MATAGORDA.................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
REPTILES............. TURTLE, GREEN SEA.... Chelonia mydas...... L, E, T
TURTLE, HAWKSBILL SEA Eretmochelys L, E, CH
imbricata.
TURTLE, KEMP'S Lepidochelys kempii. L, E
(ATLANTIC) RIDLEY
SEA.
TURTLE, LEATHERBACK Dermochelys coriacea L, E, CH
SEA.
TURTLE, LOGGERHEAD Caretta caretta..... L, T
SEA.
MAVERICK..................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, NORTHERN Falco femoralis L, E
APLOMADO. septentrionalis.
VIREO, BLACK-CAPPED.. Vireo atricapillus.. L, E
MAMMALS.............. OCELOT............... Felis pardalis...... L, E
REPTILES............. SNAKE, CONCHO WATER.. Nerodia harteri L, T, CH
paucimaculata.
MC LENNAN.................... BIRDS................ VIREO, BLACK-CAPPED.. Vireo atricapillus.. L, E
WARBLER (WOOD), Dendroica L, E
GOLDEN-CHEEKED. chrysoparia.
MC MULLEN.................... MAMMALS.............. OCELOT............... Felis pardalis...... L, E
MEDINA....................... BIRDS................ VIREO, BLACK-CAPPED.. Vireo atricapillus.. L, E
WARBLER (WOOD), Dendroica L, E
GOLDEN-CHEEKED. chrysoparia.
MENARD....................... BIRDS................ VIREO, BLACK-CAPPED.. Vireo atricapillus.. L, E
MENARD....................... FISHES............... GAMBUSIA, CLEAR CREEK Gambusia heterochir. L, E
MIDLAND...................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
FALCON, NORTHERN Falco femoralis L, E
APLOMADO. septentrionalis.
MILAM........................ AMPHIBIANS........... TOAD, HOUSTON........ Bufo houstonensis... L, E, CH
MILLS........................ BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
VIREO, BLACK-CAPPED.. Vireo atricapillus.. L, E
REPTILES............. SNAKE, CONCHO WATER.. Nerodia harteri L, T, CH
paucimaculata.
MITCHELL..................... PLANTS............... POPPY-MALLOW, TEXAS.. Callirhoe L, E
scabriuscula.
MONTAGUE..................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
MONTGOMERY................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
WOODPECKER, RED- Picoides borealis... L, E
COCKADED.
MOORE........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
MORRIS....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
NACOGDOCHES.................. BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
WOODPECKER, RED- Picoides borealis... L, E
COCKADED.
MAMMALS.............. BEAR, LOUISIANA BLACK Ursus americanus L, T
luteolus.
NEWTON....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
WOODPECKER, RED- Picoides borealis... L, E
COCKADED.
NUECES....................... BIRDS................ FALCON, NORTHERN Falco femoralis L, E
APLOMADO. septentrionalis.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
MAMMALS.............. JAGUARUNDI........... Felis yagouaroundi L, E
tolteca.
OCELOT............... Felis pardalis...... L, E
PLANTS............... AMBROSIA, SOUTH TEXAS Ambrosia L, E
cheiranthifolia.
AYENIA, TEXAS........ Ayenia limitaris.... L, E
RUSH-PEA, SLENDER.... Hoffmannseggia L, E
tenella.
REPTILES............. TURTLE, GREEN SEA.... Chelonia mydas...... L, E, T
TURTLE, HAWKSBILL SEA Eretmochelys L, E, CH
imbricata.
TURTLE, KEMP'S Lepidochelys kempii. L, E
(ATLANTIC) RIDLEY
SEA.
TURTLE, LEATHERBACK Dermochelys coriacea L, E, CH
SEA.
TURTLE, LOGGERHEAD Caretta caretta..... L, T
SEA.
OCHILTREE.................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
ORANGE....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PALO PINTO................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
VIREO, BLACK-CAPPED.. Vireo atricapillus.. L, E
WARBLER (WOOD), Dendroica L, E
GOLDEN-CHEEKED. chrysoparia.
PANOLA....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
WOODPECKER, RED- Picoides borealis... L, E
COCKADED.
MAMMALS.............. BEAR, LOUISIANA BLACK Ursus americanus L, T
luteolus.
PARKER....................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
PECOS........................ BIRDS................ FALCON, NORTHERN Falco femoralis L, E
APLOMADO. septentrionalis.
[[Page 7999]]
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
VIREO, BLACK-CAPPED.. Vireo atricapillus.. L, E
FISHES............... GAMBUSIA, PECOS...... Gambusia nobilis.... L, E
PUPFISH, LEON SPRINGS Cyprinodon bovinus.. L, E, CH
PLANTS............... CACTUS, LLOYD'S Echinocereus lloydii L, E
HEDGEHOG.
POLK......................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
WOODPECKER, RED- Picoides borealis... L, E
COCKADED.
PLANTS............... PHLOX, TEXAS TRAILING Phlox nivalis ssp. L, E
Texensis.
POTTER....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PRESIDIO..................... BIRDS................ FALCON, NORTHERN Falco femoralis L, E
APLOMADO. septentrionalis.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLANTS............... CACTUS, LLOYD'S Echinocereus lloydii L, E
HEDGEHOG.
CACTUS, LLOYD'S Neolloydia L, T
MARIPOSA. mariposensis.
OAK, HINCKLEY........ Quercus hinckleyi... L, T
RANDALL...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
REAL......................... BIRDS................ VIREO, BLACK-CAPPED.. Vireo atricapillus.. L, E
WARBLER (WOOD), Dendroica L, E
GOLDEN-CHEEKED. chrysoparia.
PLANTS............... CACTUS, TOBUSCH Ancistrocactus L, E
FISHHOOK. tobuschii
=Echinocactus t.,
Mammila.
SNOWBELLS, TEXAS..... Styrax texana....... L, E
RED RIVER.................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
WOODPECKER, RED- Picoides borealis... L, E
COCKADED.
REEVES....................... BIRDS................ FALCON, NORTHERN Falco femoralis L, E
APLOMADO. septentrionalis.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FISHES............... GAMBUSIA, PECOS...... Gambusia nobilis.... L, E
PUPFISH, COMANCHE Cyprinodon elegans.. L, E
SPRINGS.
REFUGIO...................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
PRAIRIE-CHICKEN, Tympanuchus cupido L, E
ATTWATER'S GREATER. attwateri.
MAMMALS.............. BEAR, LOUISIANA BLACK Ursus americanus L, T
luteolus.
PLANTS............... CACTUS, BLACK LACE... Echinocereus L, E
reichenbachii var.
albertii.
ROBERTS...................... BIRDS................ TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
ROBERTSON.................... AMPHIBIANS........... TOAD, HOUSTON........ Bufo houstonensis... L, E, CH
BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
MAMMALS.............. BEAR, LOUISIANA BLACK Ursus americanus L, T
luteolus.
PLANTS............... LADIES'-TRESSES, Spiranthes parksii.. L, E
NAVASOTA.
SAND-VERBENA, LARGE- Abronia macrocarpa.. L, E
FRUITED.
RUNNELS...................... BIRDS................ VIREO, BLACK-CAPPED.. Vireo atricapillus.. L, E
PLANTS............... POPPY-MALLOW, TEXAS.. Callirhoe L, E
scabriuscula.
REPTILES............. SNAKE, CONCHO WATER.. Nerodia harteri L, T, CH
paucimaculata.
RUSK......................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
MAMMALS.............. BEAR, LOUISIANA BLACK Ursus americanus L, T
luteolus.
SABINE....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
WOODPECKER, RED- Picoides borealis... L, E
COCKADED.
SAN AUGUSTINE................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
WOODPECKER, RED- Picoides borealis... L, E
COCKADED.
PLANTS............... BLADDERPOD, WHITE.... Lesquerella pallida. L, E
SAN JACINTO.................. BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
WOODPECKER, RED- Picoides borealis... L, E
COCKADED.
SAN PATRICIO................. BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
FALCON, NORTHERN Falco femoralis L, E
APLOMADO. septentrionalis.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
MAMMALS.............. JAGUARUNDI........... Felis yagouaroundi L, E
tolteca.
OCELOT............... Felis pardalis...... L, E
PLANTS............... SPIDERLING, MATHIS... Boerhavia mathisiana P, E
SAN SABA..................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
VIREO, BLACK-CAPPED.. Vireo atricapillus.. L, E
WARBLER (WOOD), Dendroica L, E
GOLDEN-CHEEKED. chrysoparia.
REPTILES............. SNAKE, CONCHO WATER.. Nerodia harteri L, T, CH
paucimaculata.
SHACKELFORD.................. BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
SHELBY....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
WOODPECKER, RED- Picoides borealis... L, E
COCKADED.
MAMMALS.............. BEAR, LOUISIANA BLACK Ursus americanus L, T
luteolus.
SOMERVELL.................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
[[Page 8000]]
VIREO, BLACK-CAPPED.. Vireo atricapillus.. L, E
WARBLER (WOOD), Dendroica L, E
GOLDEN-CHEEKED. chrysoparia.
STARR........................ BIRDS................ PYGMY-OWL, CACTUS Glaucidiumbrasilianu L, E
FERRUGINOUS. m cactorum.
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
MAMMALS.............. JAGUARUNDI........... Felis yagouaroundi L, E
tolteca.
OCELOT............... Felis pardalis...... L, E
PLANTS............... CACTUS, STAR......... Astrophytum asterias L, E
(=echino-cactus
asterias).
DOGWEED, ASHY........ Dyssodia tephroleuca L, E
FRANKENIA, JOHNSTON'S Frankenia johnstonii L, E
MANIOC, WALKER'S..... Manihot walkerae.... L, E
STEPHENS..................... BIRDS................ WARBLER (WOOD), Dendroica L, E
GOLDEN-CHEEKED. chrysoparia.
CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
TARRANT...................... BIRDS................ PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
TAYLOR....................... BIRDS................ VIREO, BLACK-CAPPED.. Vireo atricapillus.. L, E
TERRELL...................... BIRDS................ FALCON, NORTHERN Falco femoralis L, E
APLOMADO. septentrionalis.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
VIREO, BLACK-CAPPED.. Vireo atricapillus.. L, E
PLANTS............... CACTUS, BUNCHED CORY. Coryphantha L, T
ramillosa.
THROCKMORTON................. BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
TOM GREEN.................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
VIREO, BLACK-CAPPED.. Vireo atricapillus.. L, E
REPTILES............. SNAKE, CONCHO WATER.. Nerodia harteri L, T, CH
paucimaculata.
TRAVIS....................... AMPHIBIANS........... SALAMANDER, BARTON Eurycea sosorum..... L, E
SPRINGS.
ARACHNIDS............ HARVESTMAN, BEE CREEK Texella reddelli.... L, E
CAVE.
HARVESTMAN, BONE CAVE Texella reyesi...... L, E
PSEUDOSCORPION, TOOTH Microcreagris texana L, E
CAVE.
SPIDER, TOOTH CAVE... Leptoneta myopica... L, E
BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
VIREO, BLACK-CAPPED.. Vireo atricapillus.. L, E
WARBLER (WOOD), Dendroica L, E
GOLDEN-CHEEKED. chrysoparia.
INSECTS.............. BEETLE, COFFIN CAVE Bastrisodes texanus. L, E
MOLD.
BEETLE, KRETSCHMARR Texamaurops reddelli L, E
CAVE MOLD.
BEETLE, TOOTH CAVE Rhadine persephone.. L, E
GROUND.
TRINITY...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
WOODPECKER, RED- Picoides borealis... L, E
COCKADED.
TYLER........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
WOODPECKER, RED- Picoides borealis... L, E
COCKADED.
PLANTS............... PHLOX, TEXAS TRAILING Phlox nivalis ssp. L, E
Texensis.
UPSHUR....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
MAMMALS.............. BEAR, LOUISIANA BLACK Ursus americanus L, T
luteolus.
UVALDE....................... BIRDS................ VIREO, BLACK-CAPPED.. Vireo atricapillus.. L, E
WARBLER (WOOD), Dendroica L, E
GOLDEN-CHEEKED. chrysoparia.
PLANTS............... CACTUS, BLACK LACE... Echinocereus L, E
reichenbachii var.
albertii.
CACTUS, TOBUSCH Ancistrocactus L, E
FISHHOOK. tobuschii
(=Echinocactus t.,
Mammila).
SNOWBELLS, TEXAS..... Styrax texana....... L, E
VAL VERDE.................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, NORTHERN Falco femoralis L, E
APLOMADO. septentrionalis.
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
VIREO, BLACK-CAPPED.. Vireo atricapillus.. L, E
PLANTS............... CACTUS, TOBUSCH Ancistrocactus L, E
FISHHOOK. tobuschii
(=Echinocactus t.,
Mammila).
SNOWBELLS, TEXAS..... Styrax texana....... L, E
VICTORIA..................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
MAMMALS.............. BEAR, LOUISIANA BLACK Ursus americanus L, T
luteolus.
REPTILES............. TURTLE, CAGLE'S MAP.. Graptemys caglei.... L, T
WALKER....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
WOODPECKER, RED- Picoides borealis... L, E
COCKADED.
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
WARD......................... BIRDS................ FALCON, NORTHERN Falco femoralis L, E
APLOMADO. septentrionalis.
WASHINGTON................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PRAIRIE-CHICKEN, Tympanuchus cupido L, E
ATTWATER'S GREATER. attwateri.
MAMMALS.............. BEAR, LOUISIANA BLACK Ursus americanus L, T
luteolus.
PLANTS............... LADIES'-TRESSES, Spiranthes parksii.. L, E
NAVASOTA.
WEBB......................... BIRDS................ FALCON, NORTHERN Falco femoralis L, E
APLOMADO. septentrionalis.
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
MAMMALS.............. OCELOT............... Felis pardalis...... L, E
PLANTS............... DOGWEED, ASHY........ Dyssodia tephroleuca L, E
[[Page 8001]]
WHARTON...................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
WHEELER...................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
WICHITA...................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
WILBARGER.................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
WILLACY...................... BIRDS................ CURLEW, ESKIMO....... Numenius borealis... L, E
FALCON, NORTHERN Falco femoralis L, E
APLOMADO. septentrionalis.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
PLOVER, PIPING....... Charadrius melodus.. L, E, T
PYGMY-OWL, CACTUS Glaucidiumbrasilianu L, E
FERRUGINOUS. m cactorum.
MAMMALS.............. JAGUARUNDI........... Felis yagouaroundi L, E
tolteca.
OCELOT............... Felis pardalis...... L, E
REPTILES............. TURTLE, GREEN SEA.... Chelonia mydas...... L, E, T
TURTLE, HAWKSBILL SEA Eretmochelys L, E, CH
imbricata.
TURTLE, KEMP'S Lepidochelys kempii. L, E
(ATLANTIC) RIDLEY
SEA.
TURTLE, LEATHERBACK Dermochelys coriacea L, E, CH
SEA.
TURTLE, LOGGERHEAD Caretta caretta..... L, T
SEA.
WILLIAMSON................... ARACHNIDS............ HARVESTMAN, BEE CREEK Texella reddelli.... L, E
CAVE.
HARVESTMAN, BONE CAVE Texella reyesi...... L, E
PSEUDOSCORPION, TOOTH Microcreagris texana L, E
CAVE.
SPIDER, TOOTH CAVE... Leptoneta myopica... L, E
BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
VIREO, BLACK-CAPPED.. Vireo atricapillus.. L, E
WARBLER (WOOD), Dendroica L, E
GOLDEN-CHEEKED. chrysoparia.
INSECTS.............. BEETLE, COFFIN CAVE Bastrisodes texanus. L, E
MOLD.
BEETLE, KRETSCHMARR Texamaurops reddelli L, E
CAVE MOLD.
BEETLE, TOOTH CAVE Rhadine persephone.. L, E
GROUND.
WILSON....................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
WINKLER...................... BIRDS................ FALCON, NORTHERN Falco femoralis L, E
APLOMADO. septentrionalis.
WISE......................... BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
YOUNG........................ BIRDS................ CRANE, WHOOPING...... Grus americana...... L, E, CH
ZAPATA....................... BIRDS................ FALCON, NORTHERN Falco femoralis L, E
APLOMADO. septentrionalis.
TERN, INTERIOR Sterna antillarum... L, E
(POPULATION) LEAST.
MAMMALS.............. JAGUARUNDI........... Felis yagouaroundi L, E
tolteca.
OCELOT............... Felis pardalis...... L, E
PLANTS............... DOGWEED, ASHY........ Dyssodia tephroleuca L, E
FRANKENIA, JOHNSTON'S Frankenia johnstonii L, E
UTAH
BEAVER....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
MAMMALS.............. PRAIRIE DOG, UTAH.... Cynomys parvidens... L, T
BOX ELDER.................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FISHES............... TROUT, LAHONTAN Salmo clarki L, T
CUTTHROAT. henshawi.
CACHE........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLANTS............... PRIMROSE, MAGUIRE.... Primula maguirei.... L, T
CARBON....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FISHES............... CHUB, BONYTAIL....... Gila elegans........ L, E, CH
CHUB, HUMPBACK....... Gila cypha.......... L, E, CH
SQUAWFISH, COLORADO.. Ptychocheilus lucius L, CH
SUCKER, RAZORBACK.... Xyrauchen texanus... L, E, CH
PLANTS............... CACTUS, UINTA BASIN Sclerocactus glaucus L, T
HOOKLESS. (=Echinocactus g.,
s. whipplei).
DAGGETT...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FISHES............... SQUAWFISH, COLORADO.. Ptychocheilus lucius L, E, CH
SUCKER, RAZORBACK.... Xyrauchen texanus... L, E, CH
PLANTS............... LADIES'-TRESSES, UTE. Spiranthes L, T
diluvialis.
DAVIS........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
DUCHESNE..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
PLANTS............... CACTUS, UINTA BASIN Sclerocactus glaucus L, T
HOOKLESS. (=Echinocactus g.,
s. whipplei).
CRESS, TOAD-FLAX..... Glaucocarpum L, E
suffrutescens.
CRESS, TOAD-FLAX..... Glaucocarpum L, E
suffrutescens.
LADIES'-TRESSES, UTE. Spiranthes L, T
diluvialis.
[[Page 8002]]
REED-MUSTARD, SHRUBBY Schoenocrambe L, E
suffrutescens.
RIDGE-CRESS (=PEPPER- Lepidium barnebyanum L, E
CRESS), BARNEBY.
EMERY........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FISHES............... CHUB, BONYTAIL....... Gila elegans........ L, E, CH
CHUB, HUMPBACK....... Gila cypha.......... L, E, CH
SQUAWFISH, COLORADO.. Ptychocheilus lucius L, E, CH
SUCKER, RAZORBACK.... Xyrauchen texanus... L, E, CH
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
PLANTS............... CACTUS, SAN RAFAEL... Pediocactus L, E
despainii.
CACTUS, WRIGHT Sclerocactus L, E
FISHHOOK. wrightiae
(=Pediocactus w.).
CYCLADENIA, JONES.... Cycladenia humilis L, T
var. jonesii.
DAISY, MAGUIRE....... Erigeron maguirei L, T
var. maguirei.
REED-MUSTARD, BARNEBY Schoenocrambe L, E
barnebyl.
TOWNSENDIA, LAST Townsendia aprica... L, T
CHANCE.
GARFIELD..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
OWL, MEXICAN SPOTTED. Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
lucida.
FISHES............... CHUB, BONYTAIL....... Gila elegans........ L, E, CH
CHUB, HUMPBACK....... Gila cypha.......... L, E, CH
SQUAWFISH, COLORADO.. Ptychocheilus lucius L, E, CH
SUCKER, RAZORBACK.... Xyrauchen texanus... L, E, CH
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
PRAIRIE DOG, UTAH.... Cynomys parvidens... L, T
PLANTS............... BUTTERCUP, AUTUMN.... Ranunculus L, E
acriformis var.
aestivalis.
CYCLADENIA, JONES.... Cycladenia humilis L, T
var. jonesii.
LADIES'-TRESSES, UTE. Spiranthes L, T
diluvialis.
GRAND........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
OWL, MEXICAN SPOTTED. Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
lucida.
FISHES............... CHUB, BONYTAIL....... Gila elegans........ L, E, CH
CHUB, HUMPBACK....... Gila cypha.......... L, E, CH
SQUAWFISH, COLORADO.. Ptychocheilus lucius L, E, CH
SUCKER, RAZORBACK.... Xyrauchen texanus... L, E, CH
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
PLANTS............... CYCLADENIA, JONES.... Cycladenia humilis L, T
var. jonesii.
IRON......................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
OWL, MEXICAN SPOTTED. Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
lucida.
MAMMALS.............. PRAIRIE DOG, UTAH.... Cynomys parvidens... L, T
REPTILES............. TORTOISE, DESERT..... Gopherus L, T, CH
(=Xerobates,
=Scaptochelys)
agassizii.
JUAB......................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FISHES............... CHUB, LEAST.......... Lotichthys P, E
phlegethontis.
KANE......................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
OWL, MEXICAN SPOTTED. Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
lucida.
FISHES............... CHUB, BONYTAIL....... Gila elegans........ L, E, CH
SQUAWFISH, COLORADO.. Ptychocheilus lucius L, E, CH
SUCKER, RAZORBACK.... Xyrauchen texanus... L, E, CH
PLANTS............... BLADDERPOD, Lesquerella tumulosa L, E
KODACHROME.
BLADDERPOD, Lesquerella tumulosa L, E
KODACHROME.
CACTUS, SILER Pediocactus sileri.. L, T
PINCUSHION.
CYCLADENIA, JONES.... Cycladenia humilis L, T
var. jonesii.
MILKWEED, WELSH'S.... Asclepias welshii... L, T, CH
PEPPER-GRASS, Lepidium montanum P, E
KODACHROME. var. stellae.
SNAILS............... AMBERSNAIL, KANAB.... Oxyloma haydeni L, E
kanabensis.
MILLARD...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
MORGAN....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PIUTE........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
MAMMALS.............. PRAIRIE DOG, UTAH.... Cynomys parvidens... L, T
RICH......................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
SALT LAKE.................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLANTS............... LADIES'-TRESSES, UTE. Spiranthes L, T
diluvialis.
SAN JUAN..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
OWL, MEXICAN SPOTTED. Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
lucida.
FISHES............... CHUB, BONYTAIL....... Gila elegans........ L, E, CH
CHUB, HUMPBACK....... Gila cypha.......... L, E, CH
SQUAWFISH, COLORADO.. Ptychocheilus lucius L, E, CH
SUCKER, RAZORBACK.... Xyrauchen texanus... L, E, CH
[[Page 8003]]
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
PLANTS............... CACTUS, SPINELESS Echinocereus L, E
HEDGEHOG. triglochidiatus
var. inermis.
SEDGE, NAVAJO........ Carex specuicola.... L, T, CH
WILD-BUCKWHEAT, Eriogonum humivagans W, E
SPREADING.
SANPETE...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
PLANTS............... MILK-VETCH, Astragalus L, E, CH
HELIOTROPE. limnocharis var.
montii.
SEVIER....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
MAMMALS.............. PRAIRIE DOG, UTAH.... Cynomys parvidens... L, T
PLANTS............... CACTUS, WRIGHT Sclerocactus L, E
FISHHOOK. wrightiae
(=Pediocactus w).
MILK-VETCH, Astragalus L, E, CH
HELIOTROPE. limnocharis var.
montii.
TOWNSENDIA, LAST Townsendia aprica... L, T
CHANCE.
SUMMIT....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
TOOELE....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLANTS............... LADIES'-TRESSES, UTE. Spiranthes L, T
diluvialis.
UINTAH....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
OWL, MEXICAN SPOTTED. Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
lucida.
FISHES............... CHUB, BONYTAIL....... Gila elegans........ L, E, CH
CHUB, HUMPBACK....... Gila cypha.......... L, E, CH
SQUAWFISH, COLORADO.. Ptychocheilus lucius L, E, CH
SUCKER, RAZORBACK.... Xyrauchen texanus... L, E, CH
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
PLANTS............... CACTUS, UINTA BASIN Sclerocactus glaucus L, T
HOOKLESS. (=Echinocactus g, s
whipplei).
CRESS, TOAD-FLAX..... Glaucocarpum L, E
suffrutescens.
CRESS, TOAD-FLAX..... Glaucocarpum L, E
suffrutescens.
LADIES'-TRESSES, UTE. Spiranthes L, T
diluvialis.
REED-MUSTARD, CLAY... Schoenocrambe L, E
argillacea.
REED-MUSTARD, SHRUBBY Schoenocrambe L, E
suffrutescens.
UTAH......................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FISHES............... SUCKER, JUNE......... Chasmistes liorus... L, E, CH
PLANTS............... LADIES'-TRESSES, UTE. Spiranthes L, T
diluvialis.
PHACELIA, CLAY....... Phacelia argillacea. L, E
WASATCH...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
WASHINGTON................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
OWL, MEXICAN SPOTTED. Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
lucida.
FISHES............... CHUB, VIRGIN RIVER... Gila robusta L, E
seminuda.
WOUNDFIN............. Plagopterus L, E
argentissimus.
MAMMALS.............. PRAIRIE DOG, UTAH.... Cynomys parvidens... L, T
PLANTS............... BEAR-POPPY, DWARF.... Arctomecon humilis.. L, E
CACTUS, PURPLE-SPINED Echinocereus L, E
HEDGEHOG. engelmannii var.
Purpureus.
CACTUS, SILER Pediocactus sileri.. L, T
PINCUSHION.
REPTILES............. TORTOISE, DESERT..... Gopherus L, T, CH
(=Xerobates,
=Scaptochelys)
agassizii.
WAYNE........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
OWL, MEXICAN SPOTTED. Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
lucida.
FISHES............... CHUB, BONYTAIL....... Gila elegans........ L, E, CH
CHUB, HUMPBACK....... Gila cypha.......... L, E, CH
SQUAWFISH, COLORADO.. Ptychocheilus lucius L, E, CH
SUCKER, RAZORBACK.... Xyrauchen texanus... L, E, CH
MAMMALS.............. PRAIRIE DOG, UTAH.... Cynomys parvidens... L, T
PLANTS............... CACTUS, WRIGHT Sclerocactus L, E
FISHHOOK. wrightiae
(=Pediocactus w).
DAISY, MAGUIRE....... Erigeron maguirei L, T
var. maguirei.
LADIES'-TRESSES, UTE. Spiranthes L, T
diluvialis.
REED-MUSTARD, BARNEBY Schoenocrambe L, E
barnebyl.
TOWNSENDIA, LAST Townsendia aprica... L, T
CHANCE.
WEBER........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLANTS............... LADIES'-TRESSES, UTE. Spiranthes L, T
diluvialis.
VERMONT
ADDISON...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
BENNINGTON................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
CALEDONIA.................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
CHITTENDEN................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
[[Page 8004]]
ESSEX........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FRANKLIN..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
GRAND ISLE................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
LAMOILLE..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
ORANGE....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
ORLEANS...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
RUTLAND...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
WASHINGTON................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
WINDHAM...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
PLANTS............... BULRUSH, NORTHEASTERN Scirpus L, E
(=BARBED BRISTLE). ancistrochaetus.
WINDSOR...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
CLAMS................ MUSSEL, DWARF WEDGE.. Alasmidonta L, E
heterodon.
MAMMALS.............. BAT, INDIANA......... Myotis sodalis...... L, E, CH
PLANTS............... MILK-VETCH, JESUP'S.. Astragalus robbinsii L, E
var. jesupi.
WASHINGTON
ADAMS........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
ASOTIN....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FISHES............... SALMON, CHINOOK Oncorhynchus L, E, CH
(SNAKE RIVER FALL tshawytscha.
RUN).
SALMON, CHINOOK Oncorhynchus L, E, CH
(SNAKE RIVER SPRING/ tshawytscha.
SUMMER).
SALMON, SNAKE RIVER Oncorhynchus nerka.. L, E, CH
SOCKEYE.
STEELHEAD, SNAKE Oncorhynchus mykiss, L, T
RIVER BASIN (Snake River Basin
POPULATION. ESU).
STEELHEAD, SNAKE Oncorhynchus mykiss, L, T
RIVER BASIN (Snake River Basin
POPULATION. ESU).
BENTON....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FISHES............... SALMON, SNAKE RIVER Oncorhynchus nerka.. L, E, CH
SOCKEYE.
STEELHEAD, UPPER Oncorhynchus mykiss, L, E
COLUMBIA RIVER (Upper Columbia
POPULATION. ESU).
STEELHEAD, UPPER Oncorhynchus mykiss, L, E
COLUMBIA RIVER (Upper Columbia
POPULATION. ESU).
TROUT, BULL (COLUMBIA Salvelinus P, T
RIVER POPULATION). confluentus.
TROUT, BULL (COLUMBIA Salvelinus P, T
RIVER POPULATION). confluentus.
CHELAN....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
OWL, NORTHERN SPOTTED Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
caurina.
FISHES............... STEELHEAD, UPPER Oncorhynchus mykiss, L, E
COLUMBIA RIVER (Upper Columbia
POPULATION. ESU).
STEELHEAD, UPPER Oncorhynchus mykiss, L, E
COLUMBIA RIVER (Upper Columbia
POPULATION. ESU).
TROUT, BULL (COLUMBIA Salvelinus P, T
RIVER POPULATION). confluentus.
MAMMALS.............. BEAR, GRIZZLY........ Ursus arctos (=U.a. L, T
horribilis).
WOLF, GRAY........... Canis lupus......... L, E, T, CH
CHECKER-MALLOW, Sidalcea oregona P, E
WENATCHEE MOUNTAINS. ssp. calva.
CHECKER-MALLOW, Sidalcea oregona P, E
WENATCHEE MOUNTAINS. ssp. calva.
CLALLAM...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MURRELET, MARBLED.... Brachyramphus L, T, CH
marmoratus.
OWL, NORTHERN SPOTTED Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
caurina.
PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
CLARK........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
BIRDS................ FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
BIRDS................ OWL, NORTHERN SPOTTED Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
caurina.
[[Page 8005]]
FISHES............... SALMON, SNAKE RIVER Oncorhynchus nerka.. L, E, CH
SOCKEYE.
FISHES............... STEELHEAD, LOWER Oncorhynchus mykiss, P, T
COLUMBIA RIVER (Lower Columbia
POPULATION. ESU).
FISHES............... STEELHEAD, LOWER Oncorhynchus mykiss, P, T
COLUMBIA RIVER (Lower Columbia
POPULATION. ESU).
FISHES............... TROUT, BULL (COLUMBIA Salvelinus P, T
RIVER POPULATION). confluentus.
MAMMALS.............. WOLF, GRAY........... Canis lupus......... L, E, T, CH
PLANTS............... HOWELLIA, WATER...... Howellia aquatilis.. L, T
COLUMBIA..................... FISHES............... SALMON, CHINOOK Oncorhynchus L, E, CH
(SNAKE RIVER FALL tshawytscha.
RUN).
SALMON, CHINOOK Oncorhynchus L, E, CH
(SNAKE RIVER SPRING/ tshawytscha.
SUMMER).
SALMON, SNAKE RIVER Oncorhynchus nerka.. L, E, CH
SOCKEYE.
TROUT, BULL (COLUMBIA Salvelinus P, T
RIVER POPULATION). confluentus.
COWLITZ...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MURRELET, MARBLED.... Brachyramphus L, T, CH
marmoratus.
OWL, NORTHERN SPOTTED Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
caurina.
FISHES............... SALMON, SNAKE RIVER Oncorhynchus nerka.. L, E, CH
SOCKEYE.
TROUT, BULL (COLUMBIA Salvelinus P, T
RIVER POPULATION). confluentus.
MAMMALS.............. WOLF, GRAY........... Canis lupus......... L, E, T, CH
PLANTS............... CHECKER-MALLOW, Sidalcea nelsoniana. L, T
NELSON'S.
DOUGLAS...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FISHES............... STEELHEAD, UPPER Oncorhynchus mykiss, L, E
COLUMBIA RIVER (Upper Columbia
POPULATION. ESU).
STEELHEAD, UPPER Oncorhynchus mykiss, L, E
COLUMBIA RIVER (Upper Columbia
POPULATION. ESU).
FERRY........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FISHES............... STEELHEAD, UPPER Oncorhynchus mykiss, L, E
COLUMBIA RIVER (Upper Columbia
POPULATION. ESU).
STEELHEAD, UPPER Oncorhynchus mykiss, L, E
COLUMBIA RIVER (Upper Columbia
POPULATION. ESU).
TROUT, BULL (COLUMBIA Salvelinus P, T
RIVER POPULATION). confluentus.
MAMMALS.............. BEAR, GRIZZLY........ Ursus arctos (=U.a. L, T
horribilis).
WOLF, GRAY........... Canis lupus......... L, E, T, CH
FRANKLIN..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FISHES............... SALMON, CHINOOK Oncorhynchus L, E, CH
(SNAKE RIVER FALL tshawytscha.
RUN).
SALMON, CHINOOK Oncorhynchus L, E, CH
(SNAKE RIVER SPRING/ tshawytscha.
SUMMER).
SALMON, SNAKE RIVER Oncorhynchus nerka.. L, E, CH
SOCKEYE.
TROUT, BULL (COLUMBIA Salvelinus P, T
RIVER POPULATION). confluentus.
GARFIELD..................... FISHES............... SALMON, CHINOOK Oncorhynchus L, E, CH
(SNAKE RIVER FALL tshawytscha.
RUN).
SALMON, CHINOOK Oncorhynchus L, E, CH
(SNAKE RIVER SPRING/ tshawytscha.
SUMMER).
SALMON, SNAKE RIVER Oncorhynchus nerka.. L, E, CH
SOCKEYE.
GRANT........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FISHES............... STEELHEAD, UPPER Oncorhynchus mykiss, L, E
COLUMBIA RIVER (Upper Columbia
POPULATION. ESU).
STEELHEAD, UPPER Oncorhynchus mykiss, L, E
COLUMBIA RIVER (Upper Columbia
POPULATION. ESU).
GRAYS HARBOR................. BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MURRELET, MARBLED.... Brachyramphus L, T, CH
marmoratus.
OWL, NORTHERN SPOTTED Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
caurina.
PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
PLOVER, WESTERN SNOWY Charadrius L, T
alexandrinus
nivosus.
ISLAND....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MURRELET, MARBLED.... Brachyramphus L, T, CH
marmoratus.
OWL, NORTHERN SPOTTED Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
caurina.
PLANTS............... PAINTBRUSH, GOLDEN... Castilleja levisecta L, T
PAINTBRUSH, GOLDEN... Castilleja levisecta L, T
PAINTBRUSH, GOLDEN... Castilleja levisecta L, T
[[Page 8006]]
JEFFERSON.................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MURRELET, MARBLED.... Brachyramphus L, T, CH
marmoratus.
OWL, NORTHERN SPOTTED Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
caurina.
PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
KING......................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MURRELET, MARBLED.... Brachyramphus L, T, CH
marmoratus.
OWL, NORTHERN SPOTTED Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
caurina.
MAMMALS.............. BEAR, GRIZZLY........ Ursus arctos (=U.a. L, T
horribilis).
WOLF, GRAY........... Canis lupus......... L, E, T, CH
KITSAP....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MURRELET, MARBLED.... Brachyramphus L, T, CH
marmoratus.
KITTITAS..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MURRELET, MARBLED.... Brachyramphus L, T, CH
marmoratus.
OWL, NORTHERN SPOTTED Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
caurina.
FISHES............... STEELHEAD, UPPER Oncorhynchus mykiss, L, E
COLUMBIA RIVER (Upper Columbia
POPULATION. ESU).
STEELHEAD, UPPER Oncorhynchus mykiss, L, E
COLUMBIA RIVER (Upper Columbia
POPULATION. ESU).
TROUT, BULL (COLUMBIA Salvelinus P, T
RIVER POPULATION). confluentus.
MAMMALS.............. BEAR, GRIZZLY........ Ursus arctos (=U.a. L, T
horribilis).
WOLF, GRAY........... Canis lupus......... L, E, T, CH
KLICKITAT.................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
OWL, NORTHERN SPOTTED Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
caurina.
FISHES............... SALMON, SNAKE RIVER Oncorhynchus nerka.. L, E, CH
SOCKEYE.
MAMMALS.............. WOLF, GRAY........... Canis lupus......... L, E, T, CH
LEWIS........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MURRELET, MARBLED.... Brachyramphus L, T, CH
marmoratus.
OWL, NORTHERN SPOTTED Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
caurina.
FISHES............... STEELHEAD, LOWER Oncorhynchus mykiss, P, T
COLUMBIA RIVER (Lower Columbia
POPULATION. ESU).
STEELHEAD, LOWER Oncorhynchus mykiss, P, T
COLUMBIA RIVER (Lower Columbia
POPULATION. ESU).
TROUT, BULL (COLUMBIA Salvelinus P, T
RIVER POPULATION). confluentus.
MAMMALS.............. BEAR, GRIZZLY........ Ursus arctos (=U.a. L, T
horribilis).
WOLF, GRAY........... Canis lupus......... L, E, T, CH
LINCOLN...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FISHES............... STEELHEAD, UPPER Oncorhynchus mykiss, L, E
COLUMBIA RIVER (Upper Columbia
POPULATION. ESU).
STEELHEAD, UPPER Oncorhynchus mykiss, L, E
COLUMBIA RIVER (Upper Columbia
POPULATION. ESU).
TROUT, BULL (COLUMBIA Salvelinus P, T
RIVER POPULATION). confluentus.
MASON........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
OWL, NORTHERN SPOTTED Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
caurina.
PLANTS............... HOWELLIA, WATER...... Howellia aquatilis.. L, T
NEZ PERCE.................... FISHES............... STEELHEAD, SNAKE Oncorhynchus mykiss, L, T
RIVER BASIN (Snake River Basin
POPULATION. ESU).
STEELHEAD, SNAKE Oncorhynchus mykiss, L, T
RIVER BASIN (Snake River Basin
POPULATION. ESU).
OKANOGAN..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
OWL, NORTHERN SPOTTED Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
caurina.
FISHES............... STEELHEAD, UPPER Oncorhynchus mykiss, L, E
COLUMBIA RIVER (Upper Columbia
POPULATION. ESU).
STEELHEAD, UPPER Oncorhynchus mykiss, L, E
COLUMBIA RIVER (Upper Columbia
POPULATION. ESU).
TROUT, BULL (COLUMBIA Salvelinus P, T
RIVER POPULATION). confluentus.
MAMMALS.............. BEAR, GRIZZLY........ Ursus arctos (=U.a. L, T
horribilis).
WOLF, GRAY........... Canis lupus......... L, E, T, CH
PACIFIC...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
GOOSE, ALEUTIAN Branta canadensis L, T
CANADA. leucopareia.
MURRELET, MARBLED.... Brachyramphus L, T, CH
marmoratus.
OWL, NORTHERN SPOTTED Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
caurina.
[[Page 8007]]
PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
PLOVER, WESTERN SNOWY Charadrius L, T
alexandrinus
nivosus.
FISHES............... SALMON, SNAKE RIVER Oncorhynchus nerka.. L, E, CH
SOCKEYE.
INSECTS.............. BUTTERFLY, OREGON Speyeria zerene L, T, CH
SILVERSPOT. hippolyta.
MAMMALS.............. DEER, COLUMBIAN WHITE- Odocoileus L, E
TAILED. virginianus
leucurus.
PEND OREILLE................. BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FISHES............... STEELHEAD, UPPER Oncorhynchus mykiss, L, E
COLUMBIA RIVER (Upper Columbia
POPULATION. ESU).
STEELHEAD, UPPER Oncorhynchus mykiss, L, E
COLUMBIA RIVER (Upper Columbia
POPULATION. ESU).
TROUT, BULL (COLUMBIA Salvelinus P, T
RIVER POPULATION). confluentus.
MAMMALS.............. BEAR, GRIZZLY........ Ursus arctos (=U.a. L, T
horribilis).
CARIBOU, WOODLAND.... Rangifer tarandus L, E
caribou.
WOLF, GRAY........... Canis lupus......... L, E, T, CH
PIERCE....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MURRELET, MARBLED.... Brachyramphus L, T, CH
marmoratus.
OWL, NORTHERN SPOTTED Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
caurina.
MAMMALS.............. BEAR, GRIZZLY........ Ursus arctos (=U.a. L, T
horribilis).
WOLF, GRAY........... Canis lupus......... L, E, T, CH
SAN JUAN..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PLANTS............... PAINTBRUSH, GOLDEN... Castilleja levisecta L, T
PAINTBRUSH, GOLDEN... Castilleja levisecta L, T
PAINTBRUSH, GOLDEN... Castilleja levisecta L, T
SKAGIT....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MURRELET, MARBLED.... Brachyramphus L, T, CH
marmoratus.
OWL, NORTHERN SPOTTED Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
caurina.
MAMMALS.............. BEAR, GRIZZLY........ Ursus arctos (=U.a. L, T
horribilis).
WOLF, GRAY........... Canis lupus......... L, E, T, CH
SKAMANIA..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
OWL, NORTHERN SPOTTED Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
caurina.
FISHES............... SALMON, SNAKE RIVER Oncorhynchus nerka.. L, E, CH
SOCKEYE.
STEELHEAD, LOWER Oncorhynchus mykiss, P, T
COLUMBIA RIVER (Lower Columbia
POPULATION. ESU).
STEELHEAD, LOWER Oncorhynchus mykiss, P, T
COLUMBIA RIVER (Lower Columbia
POPULATION. ESU).
TROUT, BULL (COLUMBIA Salvelinus P, T
RIVER POPULATION). confluentus.
MAMMALS.............. WOLF, GRAY........... Canis lupus......... L, E, T, CH
SNOHOMISH.................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MURRELET, MARBLED.... Brachyramphus L, T, CH
marmoratus.
OWL, NORTHERN SPOTTED Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
caurina.
MAMMALS.............. BEAR, GRIZZLY........ Ursus arctos (=U.a. L, T
horribilis).
WOLF, GRAY........... Canis lupus......... L, E, T, CH
SPOKANE...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FISHES............... TROUT, BULL (COLUMBIA Salvelinus P, T
RIVER POPULATION). confluentus.
PLANTS............... HOWELLIA, WATER...... Howellia aquatilis.. L, T
STEVENS...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FISHES............... STEELHEAD, UPPER Oncorhynchus mykiss, L, E
COLUMBIA RIVER (Upper Columbia
POPULATION. ESU).
STEELHEAD, UPPER Oncorhynchus mykiss, L, E
COLUMBIA RIVER (Upper Columbia
POPULATION. ESU).
TROUT, BULL (COLUMBIA Salvelinus P, T
RIVER POPULATION). confluentus.
MAMMALS.............. BEAR, GRIZZLY........ Ursus arctos (=U.a. L, T
horribilis).
WOLF, GRAY........... Canis lupus......... L, E, T, CH
THURSTON..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MURRELET, MARBLED.... Brachyramphus L, T, CH
marmoratus.
OWL, NORTHERN SPOTTED Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
caurina.
PLANTS............... HOWELLIA, WATER...... Howellia aquatilis.. L, T
PAINTBRUSH, GOLDEN... Castilleja levisecta L, T
PAINTBRUSH, GOLDEN... Castilleja levisecta L, T
PAINTBRUSH, GOLDEN... Castilleja levisecta L, T
WAHKIAKUM.................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
[[Page 8008]]
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MURRELET, MARBLED.... Brachyramphus L, T, CH
marmoratus.
OWL, NORTHERN SPOTTED Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
caurina.
PELICAN, BROWN....... Pelicanus L, E
occidentalis.
MAMMALS.............. DEER, COLUMBIAN WHITE- Odocoileus L, E
TAILED. virginianus
leucurus.
WALLA WALLA.................. BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FISHES............... SALMON, CHINOOK Oncorhynchus L, E, CH
(SNAKE RIVER FALL tshawytscha.
RUN).
SALMON, CHINOOK Oncorhynchus L, E, CH
(SNAKE RIVER SPRING/ tshawytscha.
SUMMER).
SALMON, SNAKE RIVER Oncorhynchus nerka.. L, E, CH
SOCKEYE.
TROUT, BULL (COLUMBIA Salvelinus P, T
RIVER POPULATION). confluentus.
WHATCOM...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MURRELET, MARBLED.... Brachyramphus L, T, CH
marmoratus.
OWL, NORTHERN SPOTTED Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
caurina.
FISHES............... SALMON, SNAKE RIVER Oncorhynchus nerka.. L, E, CH
SOCKEYE.
MAMMALS.............. BEAR, GRIZZLY........ Ursus arctos (=U.a. L, T
horribilis).
WOLF, GRAY........... Canis lupus......... L, E, T, CH
WHITMAN...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FISHES............... SALMON, CHINOOK Oncorhynchus L, E, CH
(SNAKE RIVER FALL tshawytscha.
RUN).
SALMON, CHINOOK Oncorhynchus L, E, CH
(SNAKE RIVER SPRING/ tshawytscha.
SUMMER).
SALMON, SNAKE RIVER Oncorhynchus nerka.. L, E, CH
SOCKEYE.
YAKIMA....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
OWL, NORTHERN SPOTTED Strix occidentalis L, T, CH
caurina.
FISHES............... STEELHEAD, UPPER Oncorhynchus mykiss, L, E
COLUMBIA RIVER (Upper Columbia
POPULATION. ESU).
STEELHEAD, UPPER Oncorhynchus mykiss, L, E
COLUMBIA RIVER (Upper Columbia
POPULATION. ESU).
TROUT, BULL (COLUMBIA Salvelinus P, T
RIVER POPULATION). confluentus.
MAMMALS.............. BEAR, GRIZZLY........ Ursus arctos (=U.a. L, T
horribilis).
WOLF, GRAY........... Canis lupus......... L, E, T, CH
WAKE ISLAND
WYOMING
ALBANY....................... AMPHIBIANS........... TOAD, WYOMING........ Bufo hemiophrys L, E
baxteri.
BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
BIG HORN..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
CAMPBELL..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
CARBON....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
CONVERSE..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
CROOK........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
FREMONT...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MAMMALS.............. BEAR, GRIZZLY........ Ursus arctos (=U.a. L, T
horribilis).
FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
WOLF, GRAY........... Canis lupus......... L, E, T, CH
GOSHEN....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
HOT SPRINGS.................. BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
JOHNSON...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
[[Page 8009]]
LARAMIE...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
LINCOLN...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
WOLF, GRAY........... Canis lupus......... L, E, T, CH
NATRONA...................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
NIOBRARA..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
PARK......................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MAMMALS.............. BEAR, GRIZZLY........ Ursus arctos (=U.a. L, T
horribilis).
FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
WOLF, GRAY........... Canis lupus......... L, E, T, CH
PLATTE....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
SHERIDAN..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
SUBLETTE..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
FISHES............... DACE, KENDALL WARM Rhinichthys osculus L, E
SPRINGS. thermalis.
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
SWEETWATER................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
TETON........................ BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MAMMALS.............. BEAR, GRIZZLY........ Ursus arctos (=U.a. L, T
horribilis).
WOLF, GRAY........... Canis lupus......... L, E, T, CH
UINTA........................ BIRDS................ FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
WASHAKIE..................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
WESTON....................... BIRDS................ EAGLE, BALD.......... Haliaeetus L, T
leucocephalus.
FALCON, PEREGRINE.... Falco peregrinus.... L, E
MAMMALS.............. FERRET, BLACK-FOOTED. Mustela nigripes.... L, E
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Key: L--Listed, P--Proposed, E--Endangered, T--Threatened, CH--Critical Habitat
Addendum B--Historic Properties (Reserved)
Instructions related to historic preservation have not been
included in the permit at this time. EPA may modify the permit to
include such provisions at a later date. This does not relieve
applicants or permittees of their responsibility to comply with
applicable State, Tribal or local laws for the protection of historic
properties.
Addendum C--Existing Notice of Intent Form
From the effective date of this permit, applicants are to use the
existing Notice of Intent form (EPA 3510-6 (8-98)) contained in this
Addendum to obtain permit coverage until the revised NOI form is
published as final in the Federal Register and replaces it. According
to the provisions in Part II.B.1 of this permit, applicants are
reminded that although they are completing information on the existing
form related to the expired Baseline Construction General Permit, they
are also certifying that they meet all eligibility requirements of Part
I.B. of this permit and are informing the Director of their intent to
be covered by, and comply with, those terms and conditions. These
conditions include certifications that the applicant's storm water
discharges and storm water-related discharge activities will not
adversely affect listed endangered or threatened species, or their
critical habitat. EPA may modify this permit to include provisions
relating to historic preservation.
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P
[[Page 8010]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TN17FE98.000
[[Page 8011]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TN17FE98.001
BILLING CODE 6560-50-C
[[Page 8012]]
Addendum D--Notice of Termination Form
From the effective date of this permit, permittees are to use the
existing Notice of Termination form (EPA Form 3510-7) contained in this
Addendum until they are instructed by the Director (EPA) to use a
revised version. Permittees are to complete, sign and submit the form
in accordance with Part VIII of the permit when terminating permit
coverage at a construction project when one or more or the conditions
contained in Part 1.D.2 have been met.
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P
[[Page 8013]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TN17FE98.002
[[Page 8014]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TN17FE98.003
[FR Doc. 98-3600 Filed 2-13-98; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-C
