98-4596. Onions Grown in South Texas; Removal of Sunday Packing and Loading Prohibitions  

  • [Federal Register Volume 63, Number 36 (Tuesday, February 24, 1998)]
    [Rules and Regulations]
    [Pages 9128-9131]
    From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
    [FR Doc No: 98-4596]
    
    
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    DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
    
    Agricultural Marketing Service
    
    7 CFR Part 959
    
    [Docket No. FV98-959-2 IFR]
    
    
    Onions Grown in South Texas; Removal of Sunday Packing and 
    Loading Prohibitions
    
    AGENCY: Agricultural Marketing Service, USDA.
    
    ACTION: Interim final rule with request for comments.
    
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    SUMMARY: This rule changes the handling regulation under the South 
    Texas onion marketing order by removing the Sunday packing and loading 
    prohibitions. The marketing order regulates the handling of onions 
    grown in South Texas and is administered locally by the South Texas 
    Onion Committee (Committee). This rule will allow the South Texas onion 
    industry to compete more effectively with other growing areas, better 
    meet buyer needs, and increase supplies of South Texas onions in the 
    marketplace.
    
    DATES: Effective February 25, 1998; comments received by April 27, 
    1998, will be considered prior to issuance of a final rule.
    
    ADDRESSES: Interested persons are invited to submit written comments 
    concerning this rule. Comments must be sent in triplicate to the Docket 
    Clerk, Fruit and Vegetable Programs, AMS, USDA, room 2525-S, PO Box 
    96456, Washington, DC 20090-6456; Fax: (202) 205-6632. All comments 
    should reference the docket number and the date and page number of this 
    issue of the Federal Register and will be made available for public 
    inspection in the Office of the Docket Clerk during regular business 
    hours.
    
    FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Belinda G. Garza, McAllen Marketing 
    Field Office, Marketing Order Administration Branch, F&V, AMS, USDA, 
    1313 E. Hackberry, McAllen, TX 78501; telephone: (956) 682-2833, Fax: 
    (956) 682-5942; or George Kelhart, Technical Advisor, Marketing Order 
    Administration Branch, Fruit and Vegetable Programs, AMS, USDA, room 
    2525-S, PO Box 96456, Washington, DC 20090-6456; telephone: (202) 720-
    2491, Fax: (202) 205-6632. Small businesses may request information on 
    compliance with this regulation by contacting Jay Guerber, Marketing 
    Order Administration Branch, Fruit and Vegetable Programs, AMS, USDA, 
    room 2525-S, PO Box 96456, Washington, DC 20090-6456; telephone: (202) 
    720-2491, Fax: (202) 205-6632.
    
    SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: This rule is issued under Marketing 
    Agreement No. 143 and Order No. 959, both as amended (7 CFR part 959), 
    regulating the handling of onions grown in South Texas, hereinafter 
    referred to as the ``order.'' The marketing agreement and order are 
    effective under the Agricultural Marketing Agreement Act of 1937, as 
    amended (7 U.S.C. 601-674), hereinafter referred to as the ``Act.''
        The Department of Agriculture (Department) is issuing this rule in 
    conformance with Executive Order 12866.
        This rule has been reviewed under Executive Order 12988, Civil 
    Justice Reform. This rule is not intended to have retroactive effect. 
    This rule will not preempt any State or local laws, regulations, or 
    policies, unless they present an irreconcilable conflict with this 
    rule.
        The Act provides that administrative proceedings must be exhausted 
    before parties may file suit in court. Under section 608c(15)(A) of the 
    Act, any handler subject to an order may file with the Secretary a 
    petition stating that the order, any provision of the order, or any 
    obligation imposed in connection with the order is not in accordance 
    with law and request a modification of the order or to be exempted 
    therefrom. A handler is afforded the opportunity for a hearing on the 
    petition. After the hearing the Secretary would rule on the petition. 
    The Act provides that the district court of the United States in any 
    district in which the handler is an inhabitant, or has his or her 
    principal place of business, has jurisdiction to review the Secretary's 
    ruling on the petition, provided an action is filed not later than 20 
    days after date of the entry of the ruling.
        This rule changes the handling regulation under the South Texas 
    onion marketing order by removing the
    
    [[Page 9129]]
    
    Sunday packaging and loading prohibitions. It also modifies 
    Sec. 959.322(f)(5) by removing all references to the Sunday packaging 
    and loading prohibitions. This rule will provide handlers with greater 
    flexibility and additional time to prepare onions for market.
        Section 959.322 of the order currently prohibits the packaging or 
    loading of onions on Sunday during the period March 1 through May 20 of 
    each season. This prohibition has been in place for 35 years to foster 
    orderly marketing conditions. Handlers were permitted to move onions 
    that were already inspected and billed, but were not prevented from 
    harvesting onions or taking them to the packing shed for storage or to 
    the dryers. The onions, however, could not be packaged or loaded on 
    Sunday during that time period.
        At a Committee meeting on November 6, 1997, producers and handlers 
    expressed the view that the Sunday holiday had outlived its usefulness. 
    In recent seasons, the Sunday packaging and loading prohibition has 
    hindered the movement of South Texas onions by not allowing producers 
    and handlers to harvest and pack each day of the week. Last year, the 
    South Texas area received record amounts of rainfall and producers had 
    difficulty harvesting their onions. The packaging and loading 
    restriction prevented handlers from packaging or loading onions, even 
    when it was dry by Sunday. These heavy periods of rain disrupted the 
    normal pattern of harvesting, packing, and loading.
        Due to these severe conditions last season, the Committee 
    unanimously recommended relief from the Sunday packing and loading 
    restriction in April through May 20 of the onion season. The 
    restriction was removed and handlers had the flexibility to package and 
    load onions on Sunday, which helped them to salvage some of their crop. 
    According to the Committee's pre-season estimate, five million fifty-
    pound bags were expected to be harvested last season. However, due to 
    the inclement weather, only 2.78 million fifty-pound bags were shipped.
        At its November 6, 1997, meeting, the Committee unanimously 
    recommended revising the current handling regulation to remove the 
    restriction on packaging and loading onions on Sundays. This action 
    will allow the South Texas onion industry to compete more effectively 
    with other growing areas, better meet buyer needs, and increase 
    supplies of South Texas onions in the marketplace.
        Continuing to prohibit the packaging and loading of onions on 
    Sunday could prevent the South Texas onion industry from marketing more 
    of their onions. Producers object to the Sunday restriction because if 
    the shed is full of onions they are prevented from sending more onions 
    to the sheds. By removing the Sunday restriction, handlers could 
    continue to package and load onions on Sunday and salvage the 
    producers' crops if there were a threat of adverse weather conditions.
        The Committee noted that competing areas pack and load on Sundays, 
    and the restrictive Sunday holiday has prevented the South Texas onion 
    industry from competing effectively with other areas that do not 
    restrict packing or loading on Sundays. The South Texas onion industry 
    wants the same opportunity. Continuing to prohibit the packing and 
    loading of onions on Sunday would present an unreasonable and 
    unnecessary hardship on handlers in the production area. If the 
    prohibitions continue, the Committee believes that Texas markets will 
    be taken by competing areas, and that the Texas onion industry will not 
    be able to meet their buyers' needs.
        The Committee's recommendation is expected to improve producers' 
    and handlers' returns by allowing them to package and load onions on 
    Sunday if their operations were curtailed for some reason earlier 
    during the week. There have been times when handlers have been packing 
    onions on Saturday night, and at 12:01 a.m. had to stop even though the 
    packing had not been completed. This restriction is unacceptable to the 
    South Texas onion industry. The producers and handlers need the 
    flexibility to pack and ship each day of the week to effectively meet 
    their competition.
        This action will allow handlers to package and load onions on 
    Sunday and permit producers to harvest and deliver their onions to 
    packing sheds each day of the week. This will provide producers and 
    handlers more flexibility in meeting buyer needs and additional time 
    for preparing onions for market.
        Removing the Sunday packing and loading prohibitions also requires 
    that all references to the Sunday restrictions be removed from 
    Sec. 959.322(f)(5). Currently, the prohibition against packing or 
    loading onions on Sunday may be modified or suspended to permit the 
    handling of onions for export provided that such handling complies with 
    safeguard procedures. In addition, whenever the handler grades, 
    packages, and ships onions for export on any Sunday, such handler is 
    required to cease all grading, packaging, and shipping on the first 
    weekday following shipment for the same length of time as the handler 
    operated on Sunday. The Committee recommended the removal of such 
    references. Thus, Sec. 959.322(f)(5) is revised to remove all 
    references to the Sunday prohibition.
        Pursuant to requirements set forth in the Regulatory Flexibility 
    Act (RFA), the Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS) has considered the 
    economic impact of this action on small entities. Accordingly, AMS has 
    prepared this initial regulatory flexibility analysis.
        The purpose of the RFA is to fit regulatory actions to the scale of 
    business subject to such actions in order that small businesses will 
    not be unduly or disproportionately burdened. Marketing orders issued 
    pursuant to the Act, and the rules issued thereunder, are unique in 
    that they are brought about through group action of essentially small 
    entities acting on their own behalf. Thus, both statutes have small 
    entity orientation and compatibility.
        There are approximately 38 handlers of South Texas onions who are 
    subject to regulation under the order and approximately 70 onion 
    producers in the regulated area. Small agricultural service firms have 
    been defined by the Small Business Administration (SBA) (13 CFR 
    121.601) as those having annual receipts of less than $5,000,000, and 
    small agricultural producers are defined as those having annual 
    receipts of less than $500,000.
        Most of the handlers are vertically integrated corporations 
    involved in producing, shipping, and marketing onions. For the 1996-97 
    marketing year, onions produced on 12,175 acres were shipped by the 
    industry's 38 handlers; with the average acreage and median acreage 
    handled being 310 acres and 177 acres, respectively. In terms of 
    production value, total revenues from the 38 handlers were estimated to 
    be $23.6 million; with average and median revenue being $620,000 and 
    $146,000, respectively. The industry is highly concentrated as the 
    largest 8 handlers (largest 25 percent) controlled 62 percent of the 
    acreage and 77 percent of onion production.
        The South Texas onion industry is characterized by producers and 
    handlers whose farming operations generally involve more than one 
    commodity, and whose income from farming operations is not exclusively 
    dependent on the production of onions. Alternative crops provide an 
    opportunity to utilize many of the same facilities and equipment not in 
    use when the onion production season is complete. For this reason, 
    typical onion producers and handlers either produce multiple crops or 
    alternate crops within a single year.
    
    [[Page 9130]]
    
        Based on the SBA's definition of small entities, the Committee 
    estimates that all the 38 handlers regulated by the order would be 
    considered small entities if only their spring onion revenues are 
    considered. However, revenues from other productive enterprises would 
    likely push a large number of these handlers above the $5,000,000 
    annual receipt threshold. All of the 70 producers may be classified as 
    small entities based on the SBA definition if only their revenue from 
    spring onions is considered. When revenue from all sources is 
    considered, a majority of the producers would be considered small 
    entities because many of the producers would exceed the $500,000 
    figure.
        This rule would relieve the Sunday ban on packing and loading 
    onions from South Texas allowing individual firms the flexibility to 
    modify operations to effectively compete with production areas not 
    bound by such restrictions, to fill customer orders, and to take 
    advantage of available transportation.
        The Committee recommended this rule change for the purpose of 
    ensuring a timely flow of available supplies, and thus help to maintain 
    stability in the onion market. Being reasonably assured of a stable 
    price and market provides South Texas onion producers and handlers with 
    added flexibility to maintain proper cash flow and to meet annual 
    expenses. The market and price stability provided by the order 
    potentially benefits the smaller handlers more than such provisions 
    benefit large handlers. Smaller producers and handlers are more 
    dependent upon stable prices. Larger handlers are more diversified and 
    not as dependent upon price stability. Therefore, the relief of packing 
    and loading restrictions on Sundays has small entity orientation.
        While the level of benefits of removing the Sunday packing and 
    loading prohibitions are difficult to quantify, this action is expected 
    to allow the South Texas onion industry to compete more effectively 
    with other growing areas, better meet buyer needs, and increase 
    supplies of South Texas onions in the marketplace. Last season, the 
    South Texas onion industry expected to ship 5 million 50-pound bags of 
    onions with a production value of $45.6 million. However, inclement 
    weather during a substantial part of the shipping season limited 
    shipments. Late in the season, the packing and loading restrictions 
    were removed to help producers and handlers salvage their crops. 
    Industry shipments totaled 2.8 million bags with a production value of 
    $25.4 million. The suspension for last season provided producers and 
    handlers more flexibility in meeting the needs of their buyers.
        The Committee believes that providing handlers the ability to pack 
    and load on Sundays will benefit the industry. Removal of the 
    prohibitions will provide producers with an additional window of 
    opportunity to harvest and deliver their onions to handlers for 
    sorting, grading, packaging, and loading. Moreover, the continued use 
    of this self-imposed restriction could cause the South Texas area to 
    lose its markets to other competing areas, because these areas can 
    package and load onions on Sunday. Removing the Sunday packaging and 
    loading prohibitions will positively impact both small and large 
    handlers by helping them maintain markets.
        This action is expected to improve producers' and handlers' returns 
    by allowing them to package and load onions on Sunday if their 
    operations were curtailed for some reason earlier in the week. The 
    ability to pack and load on Sunday will help the handlers fill 
    unexpected rush orders made at the end of the normal packing week. 
    There have been times when handlers were packing onions on Saturday 
    night, and at 12:01 a.m. had to stop even though the packing had not 
    yet been completed. This hindered handler operations and unduly delayed 
    the packing and shipping of onions to meet buyer needs.
        The Committee considered not removing the Sunday packing and 
    loading prohibitions. However, not relaxing the regulation could result 
    in significant crop losses as occurred last season prior to the 
    emergency suspension of the prohibitions. Also, the cessation in 
    harvesting activity last season resulted in increased unemployment 
    among onion field workers and employees at handlers' facilities. In 
    addition, reduced supplies could result in consumers paying higher 
    prices for onions. The opportunity to pack and load onions seven days a 
    week will give producers and handlers more time to harvest and prepare 
    onions for market. This increased flexibility will enable the industry 
    to better meet buyer needs and to compete more effectively with its 
    competition.
        This rule will not impose any additional reporting or recordkeeping 
    requirements on either small or large South Texas onion handlers. As 
    with all Federal marketing order programs, reports and forms are 
    periodically reviewed to reduce information requirements and 
    duplication by industry and public sectors. In addition, the Department 
    has not identified any relevant Federal rules that duplicate, overlap 
    or conflict with this rule.
        Further, the Committee's meeting was widely publicized throughout 
    the South Texas onion industry and all interested persons were invited 
    to attend the meeting and participate in Committee deliberations. Like 
    all Committee meetings, the November 6, 1997, meeting was a public 
    meeting and all entities, both large and small, were able to express 
    their views on this issue. Finally, interested persons are invited to 
    submit information on the regulatory and informational impacts of this 
    action on small businesses.
        After consideration of all relevant material presented, including 
    the information and recommendation by the Committee and other available 
    information, it is hereby found that this interim final rule, as 
    hereinafter set forth, will tend to effectuate the declared policy of 
    the Act.
        This rule invites comments on a change to the handling regulation 
    currently prescribed under the South Texas onion marketing order. Any 
    comments received will be considered prior to finalization of this 
    rule.
        Pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 553, it is also found and determined upon good 
    cause that it is impracticable, unnecessary, and contrary to the public 
    interest to give preliminary notice prior to putting this rule into 
    effect and that good cause exists for not postponing the effective date 
    of this rule until 30 days after publication in the Federal Register 
    because: (1) This rule relaxes requirements in the handling 
    regulations; (2) this action must be taken promptly to be in place by 
    March 1, the start of the South Texas onion regulatory period; (3) the 
    Committee unanimously recommended these changes at a public meeting and 
    interested parties had an opportunity to provide input; and (4) this 
    rule provides a 60-day comment period and any comments received will be 
    considered prior to finalization of this rule.
    
    List of Subjects in 7 CFR Part 959
    
        Marketing agreements, Onions, Reporting and recordkeeping 
    requirements.
    
        For the reasons set forth in the preamble, 7 CFR part 959 is 
    amended as follows:
    
    PART 959--ONIONS GROWN IN SOUTH TEXAS
    
        1. The authority citation for 7 CFR part 959 continues to read as 
    follows:
    
        Authority: 7 U.S.C. 601-674.
    
        2. In Sec. 959.322, the introductory paragraph is amended by 
    removing the last sentence and paragraph (f)(5) is revised to read as 
    follows:
    
    [[Page 9131]]
    
    Sec. 959.322  Handling regulation.
    
    * * * * *
        (f) * * *
        (5) Export shipments. Export shipments shall be exempt from all 
    container requirements of this section.
    * * * * *
        Dated: February 17, 1998.
    Robert C. Keeney,
    Deputy Administrator, Fruit and Vegetable Programs.
    [FR Doc. 98-4596 Filed 2-23-98; 8:45 am]
    BILLING CODE 3410-02-P
    
    
    

Document Information

Effective Date:
2/25/1998
Published:
02/24/1998
Department:
Agricultural Marketing Service
Entry Type:
Rule
Action:
Interim final rule with request for comments.
Document Number:
98-4596
Dates:
Effective February 25, 1998; comments received by April 27, 1998, will be considered prior to issuance of a final rule.
Pages:
9128-9131 (4 pages)
Docket Numbers:
Docket No. FV98-959-2 IFR
PDF File:
98-4596.pdf
CFR: (2)
7 CFR 959.322(f)(5)
7 CFR 959.322