[Federal Register Volume 63, Number 78 (Thursday, April 23, 1998)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 20282-20290]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 98-10793]
[[Page 20281]]
_______________________________________________________________________
Part IV
Department of Transportation
_______________________________________________________________________
Federal Aviation Administration
_______________________________________________________________________
14 CFR Parts 61 and 141
Pilot, Flight Instructor, Ground Instructor, and Pilot School
Certification Rules: Clarifying Amendments and Other Editorial Changes;
Final Rule
Federal Register / Vol. 63, No. 78 / Thursday, April 23, 1998 / Rules
and Regulations
[[Page 20282]]
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
Federal Aviation Administration
14 CFR Parts 61 and 141
[Docket No. 25910; Amendment Nos. 61-104 and 141-10]
RIN 2120-AE71
Pilot, Flight Instructor, Ground Instructor, and Pilot School
Certification Rules; Clarifying Amendments and Other Editorial Changes
AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT.
ACTION: Final rule.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY: This amendment makes minor revisions to clarify regulations
regarding the certification, training, and experience requirements for
pilots, flight instructors, and ground instructors, and the
certification requirements for pilot schools approved by the FAA.
EFFECTIVE DATE: This rule is effective May 26, 1998.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: John Lynch, Certification Branch, AFS-
840, General Aviation and Commercial Division, Flight Standards
Service, FAA, 800 Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20591;
telephone (202) 267-3844.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Availability of Final Rule
Any person may obtain a copy of this final rule by submitting a
request to the Federal Aviation Administration, Office of Rulemaking,
Attn: ARM-1, 800 Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20591, or by
calling (202) 267-9680. Communications must identify the amendment
number or docket number of this final rule.
Using a modem and suitable communications software, an electronic
copy of this document may be downloaded from the FAA regulations
section of the FedWorld electronic bulletin board service (telephone:
(703) 321-3339) or the Federal Register's electronic bulletin board
service (telephone: (202) 512-1661).
Internet users may reach the FAA's web page at http://www.faa.gov,
or the Federal Register's web page at http://www.access.gpo.gov/
su__docs for access to recently published rulemaking documents.
Small Business Inquiries
The Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996
(SBREFA) requires the FAA to report inquiries from small entities
concerning information on, and advice about, compliance with statutes
and regulations within the FAA's jurisdiction, including interpretation
and application of the law to specific sets of facts supplied by a
small entity.
If you are a small entity and have a question, contact your local
FAA official. If you do not know how to contact your local FAA
official, you may contact Charlene Brown, Program Analyst Staff, Office
of Rulemaking, ARM-27, Federal Aviation Administration, 800
Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20591, 1-888-551-1594. Internet
users can find additional information on SBREFA in the ``Quick Jump''
section of the FAA's web page at http://www.faa.gov and may send
electronic inquiries to the following Internet address: 9-AWA-
[email protected]
Background
On April 4, 1997, the FAA published a final rule titled ``Pilot,
Flight Instructor, Ground Instructor, and Pilot School Certification
Rules'' (62 FR 16220). That final rule, which became effective on
August 4, 1997, amended the certification, training, and experience
requirements for pilots, flight instructors, and ground instructors,
and the certification requirements for pilot schools approved by the
FAA. The FAA published corrections to that final rule on July 30, 1997
(62 FR 40888). This amendment makes minor revisions to clarify certain
provisions in that final rule. In addition, this amendment includes
provisions that were inadvertently omitted from the final rule.
Discussion of Amendment
Terminology
To provide for consistency throughout parts 61 and 141, the phrases
``performing the functions of pilot in command (PIC)'' and ``performing
the functions and duties of PIC'' have been replaced with the phrase
``performing the duties of PIC.'' It was not the intent of the FAA to
distinguish between the words ``functions'' and ``duties'' and this
revision has been made to avoid any ambiguity concerning the meaning of
these terms. This revision is not discussed in the following section-
by-section analysis.
Part 61
Section 61.2 Certification of foreign pilots, flight instructors,
and ground instructors. As adopted in the final rule, Sec. 61.2
provides that, except under certain conditions, a person who is not a
citizen or resident alien of the United States may not be issued an
airman certificate unless that person passes the appropriate knowledge
or practical test in the United States. The FAA did not previously
require a person who is not a citizen or resident alien of the United
States to take the knowledge test in the United States; that
requirement was inadvertently included in the provisions of Sec. 61.2.
Therefore, the references to the knowledge test have been removed from
Sec. 61.2. However, the FAA notes that a person who is not a citizen or
resident alien of the United States must take a knowledge test for a
certificate or rating when otherwise required in part 61, although the
test may be taken outside the United States.
Section 61.31 Type rating requirements, additional training, and
authorization requirements. The FAA has revised the heading for
Sec. 61.31(h) to read ``Additional aircraft type-specific training''
rather than ``Additional training required by the aircraft's type
certificate.'' This new heading more accurately reflects the content of
Sec. 61.31(h), which requires additional training and an endorsement
from an authorized instructor before a person may serve as PIC of an
aircraft that the Administrator has determined requires additional
type-specific training. The introductory text of Sec. 61.31(i)(1) also
has been revised to correct a typographical error.
Section 61.35 Knowledge test: Prerequisites and passing grades.
Section 61.35(a)(1) requires that an applicant for a knowledge test
receive an endorsement from an authorized instructor certifying that
the applicant has accomplished a ground-training or home-study course
for the certificate or rating sought and is prepared for the knowledge
test. The FAA notes that not all applicants for a certificate or rating
are required to have such an endorsement before taking a knowledge
test. Sections 61.153 and 61.165 do not require an applicant for an
airline transport pilot (ATP) certificate or an additional aircraft
category or class rating on an ATP certificate to have such an
endorsement. In addition, an applicant for a ground instructor
certificate or rating under Sec. 61.213 need not obtain an endorsement
from an authorized instructor before taking the knowledge test.
Therefore, Sec. 61.35 has been revised to require an endorsement only
if otherwise required in part 61.
Section 61.39 Prerequisites for practical tests. Section 61.39 has
been revised to reflect that not all applicants for a practical test
are required to have an endorsement from an authorized instructor to be
eligible to take the
[[Page 20283]]
practical test. Sections 61.153 and 61.165 do not require an applicant
for an ATP certificate or an additional aircraft category or class
rating on an ATP certificate to have such an endorsement. Therefore,
Sec. 61.39(a)(6) has been revised accordingly.
Section 61.45 Practical tests: Required aircraft and equipment. In
the correction to the final rule, the FAA added the language ``Unless
otherwise authorized by the Administrator'' to the introductory
paragraph of Sec. 61.45(b). This language was added to permit an
applicant to obtain authorization from the Administrator to take the
practical test in an aircraft whose operating characteristics preclude
a pilot from demonstrating all of the maneuvers required to be
performed during the practical test. For example, the Cessna (C) 336
and 337 series airplanes do not have a published minimum control speed
with critical engine inoperative(VMC) and thus an applicant
for an airplane multiengine rating would not be able to perform the
VMC demonstration task if a C-336/337 series airplane is
used to take the practical test. As noted in the correction to the
final rule, a similar provision was included in Sec. 61.13(c) before
the adoption of the final rule but was inadvertently omitted when the
provisions of that paragraph were incorporated into Sec. 61.45(b).
Upon further review, the FAA has determined that instead of relying
on the phrase ``Unless otherwise authorized by the Administrator,''
Sec. 61.45(b) should be revised to explicitly provide for the use of
such aircraft. Therefore, Sec. 61.45(b) has been revised to provide
that an applicant for a certificate or rating may use an aircraft whose
operating characteristics preclude the applicant from performing all of
the tasks required for the practical test. The FAA notes that before
the adoption of the final rule, Sec. 61.13(c) also provided for the
placement of a limitation on an applicant's certificate or rating if
such an aircraft is used by an applicant. This provision was
inadvertently omitted from the previous correction of Sec. 61.45(b).
Therefore, Sec. 61.45(b) now provides that the applicant's certificate
or rating will be issued with an appropriate limitation if an aircraft
whose operating characteristics preclude demonstration of all the tasks
required for a practical test.
Section 61.51 Pilot logbooks. Section 61.51(e)(1)(i) allows a
recreational, private, or commercial pilot to log PIC time for that
flight time during which the pilot is the sole manipulator of the
controls of an aircraft for which the pilot is rated. However, this
provision does not permit those pilots to log PIC time if the pilot is
the sole occupant of an aircraft but is not rated in that aircraft. For
example, a commercial pilot with a single-engine rating who is training
for a multiengine rating is not currently permitted to log PIC time for
that flight time during which the pilot is the sole occupant of a
multiengine aircraft. The provision to allow a recreational, private,
or commercial pilot to log PIC time for that flight time during which
the pilot is the sole occupant of the aircraft, which was included in
Sec. 61.51 before the adoption of the final rule, was inadvertently
omitted from the final rule language. This was not the intent of the
FAA. Therefore, the FAA has revised Sec. 61.51(e)(1) to permit a
recreational, private, or commercial pilot to log PIC time for that
flight time during which the pilot is the sole occupant of the
aircraft.
Section 61.56 Flight review. Section 61.56 provides that a person
may act as PIC of an aircraft only if that person has accomplished a
biennial flight review (BFR). Because Sec. 61.51 now permits student
pilots, under certain circumstances, to log PIC flight time, there has
been some concern as to whether the BFR requirement applies to student
pilots. Before the adoption of the final rule, a student pilot was
required to log solo flight time, rather than PIC flight time, when
that student pilot was the sole occupant of the aircraft or when that
student pilot was acting as PIC of an airship requiring more than one
flight crewmember. To avoid confusion, the FAA has revised Sec. 61.56
to except a student pilot from the BFR requirement if that student
pilot is undergoing training for a certificate and has a current solo
flight endorsement as required under Sec. 61.87 of this part.
Section 61.63 Additional aircraft ratings (other than on an
airline transport pilot certificate). In the corrections to the final
rule, the FAA revised Sec. 61.63(d)(5) to require that the practical
test for an additional type rating (other than on an ATP certificate)
be performed in actual or simulated instrument conditions rather than
under instrument flight rules (IFR). Section 61.63(d)(5) provides that
if the practical test is not performed under those conditions because
under the aircraft's type certificate the aircraft is incapable of
operating under IFR, the type rating is issued with a ``VFR only''
limitation. That paragraph provides for lifting the limitation for that
aircraft type if the person subsequently passes the practical test
``under IFR.'' The FAA has determined that this later provision should
be revised in a manner consistent with the previous correction to
provide that the ``VFR only'' limitation be lifted for that aircraft
type after the person passes the practical test ``in actual or
simulated instrument conditions.''
In addition, Sec. 61.63(f)(10) has been revised to clarify that an
applicant for an additional rating in a helicopter who meets only the
requirements of Sec. 61.63(f)(9)(ii) will be issued the additional
rating with a limitation. The previous rule language referenced
Sec. 61.63(f)(9), rather than Sec. 61.63(f)(9)(ii), which was
incorrect. Similarly, Sec. 61.63(g)(10) has been revised to reference
Sec. 61.63(g)(9)(ii), rather than Sec. 61.63(g)(9).
Section 61.109 Aeronautical experience. Section 61.109(f) has been
revised to clarify when the aeronautical experience requirements for
obtaining a private pilot certificate with a glider category rating
must be accomplished with an authorized instructor and when those
requirements must be accomplished in solo flight. To obtain a private
pilot certificate with a glider category rating, Sec. 61.109(f)
requires an applicant to accomplish three training flights in a glider.
Unlike the term ``flight training,'' which is defined in
Sec. 61.1(b)(6) as training, other than ground training, received from
an authorized instructor in flight in an aircraft, the term ``training
flight'' is not defined. Therefore, the FAA has added the phrase ``with
an authorized instructor'' to clarify when training flights are to be
accomplished with an authorized instructor.
In addition, the FAA has revised Sec. 61.109(f)(1) to clarify that
the 20 flights and 2 hours of solo flight time in a glider that are
required by paragraphs (f)(1)(i) and (f)(1)(ii) may be used to meet the
10 hours of flight time specified in the introductory language of
paragraph (f)(1). In addition, the three training flights with an
authorized instructor required in paragraph (f)(1)(i) may be used to
meet the 20 flights also required in that paragraph.
The introductory paragraph of Sec. 61.109(f)(2) also has been
revised to clarify that the 10 solo flights and 3 training flights with
an authorized instructor in a glider required by paragraphs (f)(2)(i)
and (f)(2)(ii) may be used to meet the 3 hours of flight time specified
in the introductory language of paragraph (f)(2).
Section 61.109(g)(2) has been revised to clarify the type of
instrument training required for a private pilot certificate with an
airship rating. As noted in the correction to the final rule, the
[[Page 20284]]
instrument training for a private pilot certificate requires training
only on basic maneuvers such as straight and level flight, constant
airspeed climbs and descents, turns to a heading, and recovery from
unusual flight attitudes, and need not be provided by an instructor who
holds an instrument rating on his or her flight instructor certificate.
In addition, there are no regulations that provide for an airship
category rating with an instrument rating on a pilot or flight
instructor certificate. Therefore, to avoid any possible confusion, the
rule language has been revised to specify the required instrument
maneuvers.
The FAA also has revised Sec. 61.109(g)(4) to require that an
applicant for a private pilot certificate with an airship rating must
accomplish 5 hours performing the duties of PIC in an airship with an
authorized instructor. In the final rule, this provision required an
applicant to log 5 hours of solo flight time with an authorized
instructor. However, solo flight time cannot be accomplished with an
authorized instructor on board the aircraft; therefore, the provision
should have stated that the applicant is required to perform the duties
of PIC.
For reasons similar to those previously discussed in the preamble
to Sec. 61.109(f), the FAA has revised Sec. 61.109(h) to clarify that
an applicant for a private pilot certificate with a balloon class
rating must accomplish with an authorized instructor the ``training
flights'' and the flight performing the duties of PIC required in that
paragraph. The FAA notes that the authorized instructor in that case
would be a commercial pilot with a balloon class rating.
Section 61.129 Aeronautical experience. In Notice No. 95-11,
proposed Sec. 61.129(b)(4) would have required an applicant to
accomplish solo flight time in a multiengine airplane. During the
rulemaking process, the FAA determined that the accomplishment of solo
flight time in a multiengine airplane may be impracticable because of
liability and insurance concerns. Therefore, in the final rule, the FAA
replaced the requirement that an applicant accomplish solo flight time
in a multiengine airplane with the requirement that the flight time
required under Sec. 61.129(b)(4) be acquired while performing the
duties of PIC in a multiengine airplane with an authorized instructor.
However, in revising this requirement, the FAA did not consider the
applicant who holds a private pilot certificate with a multiengine
rating and, therefore, may already have solo flight time in a
multiengine aircraft or may be able to accomplish solo flight time
without the cost of acquiring the required flight time with an
authorized instructor. Therefore, the FAA has revised Sec. 61.129(b)(4)
to require an applicant to accomplish 10 hours of solo flight in a
multiengine airplane or 10 hours of flight time performing the duties
of PIC in a multiengine airplane with an authorized instructor.
In addition, the FAA has revised Sec. 61.129(b)(4) to permit an
applicant for a commercial pilot certificate with a multiengine rating
to credit the 10 hours of flight time performing the duties of PIC in a
multiengine airplane required by that paragraph toward the 100 hours of
PIC flight time required under Sec. 61.129(b)(2). This revision is
consistent with the provisions of Sec. 61.129(b) as proposed in Notice
No. 95-11. As previously noted, proposed Sec. 61.129(b)(4) would have
required an applicant to accomplish solo flight time in a multiengine
airplane. The solo flight time would have constituted PIC flight time;
therefore, the applicant would have been able to credit that flight
time toward the requirements of Sec. 61.129(b)(2). However, under
Sec. 61.129(b)(4) as adopted in the final rule, an applicant would be
performing the duties of PIC rather than acting as PIC. Consequently,
that flight time does not constitute PIC flight time. Therefore, the
FAA has revised Sec. 61.129(b)(4) to permit the crediting of flight
time accomplished under that paragraph toward the requirements of
Sec. 61.129(b)(2). However, this revision does not permit an applicant
to log the flight time required under Sec. 61.129(b)(4) as PIC flight
time under Sec. 61.51(e) unless the applicant holds a private pilot
certificate with a multiengine rating and chooses to accomplish the
requirements with an authorized instructor.
The FAA notes that if an applicant meets the requirements of
Sec. 61.129(b)(4) by logging 10 hours of solo flight time in a
multiengine airplane (as permitted in this final rule), that time would
constitute PIC flight time. Therefore, the applicant may count that
flight time toward the requirements of Sec. 61.129(b)(2) and log it as
PIC time under Sec. 61.51(e).
Finally, for the reasons previously discussed in the preamble to
Sec. 61.109, the FAA has added the phrase ``with an authorized
instructor'' to Sec. 61.129(f) to clarify that training flights in a
glider are to be accomplished with an authorized instructor. In
addition, the introductory text of Sec. 61.129(f)(1) has been revised
to clarify that the 100 flights required by paragraph (f)(1) may be
used to meet 25 hours of flight time as a pilot in a glider also
specified in that paragraph. Section 61.129(h) also has been revised to
clarify that an applicant for a commercial pilot certificate with a
balloon class rating must accomplish with an authorized instructor (a
commercial pilot with a balloon class rating) the ``training flights''
and flight performing the duties of PIC required by that paragraph.
Section 61.157 Flight proficiency. For the reasons discussed in
the preamble to Sec. 61.63, the FAA has revised Sec. 61.157(b)(3),
which provides for the addition of an aircraft type rating to an ATP
certificate, to permit the lifting of the ``VFR only'' limitation once
the person passes the practical test in actual or simulated instrument
conditions rather than under IFR.
In addition, the FAA has removed the requirement in
Sec. 61.157(f)(2) that proficiency and competency checks used to
satisfy the requirements of Sec. 61.157 include all maneuvers and
procedures required for the issuance of a type rating. That requirement
was inconsistent with the waiver provision of Sec. 61.157(j) and the
requirements of appendix F to part 121. Section 61.157(f)(2) also has
been revised to clarify that those checks must be conducted by an
authorized designated pilot examiner or FAA aviation safety inspector.
The previous rule language stated that the checks had to be evaluated
by a ``designated examiner or FAA inspector.''
The introductory language of paragraphs (g), (h), and (i) of
Sec. 61.157 has been revised to clarify that the requirements of those
paragraphs must be met only if a flight simulator or flight training
device is used to meet ``all,'' rather than ``any,'' of the training
requirements and the practical test for an airline transport pilot
certificate with the applicable category, class, and type rating. The
word ``all'' was inadvertently changed to the word ``any'' during the
rulemaking process when the previous provisions of Secs. 61.158(d)(3)
and 61.163 were incorporated into Sec. 61.157(g).
Finally, the FAA has revised Sec. 61.157(g)(8) to reference
Sec. 61.157(g)(7)(ii) rather than Sec. 61.157(g)(7). Therefore,
Sec. 61.157(g)(8) provides that an applicant meeting only the
requirements of paragraph (g)(7)(ii) of that section be issued an
additional rating or an ATP certificate with an additional rating, as
applicable, with a limitation. Similarly, paragraphs (h)(8) and (i)(8)
have been revised to reference Secs. 61.157(h)(7)(ii) and
61.157(i)(7)(ii), respectively, rather than Secs. 61.157(h)(7) and
61.157(i)(7).
[[Page 20285]]
Section 61.197 Renewal of flight instructor certificates. Section
61.197(a) permits a person to renew a current flight instructor
certificate by passing a practical test or by presenting certain
documentation to a FAA Flight Standards Inspector. A person may renew a
current flight instructor certificate at any time with one exception.
As adopted in the final rule, a person may renew a current flight
instructor certificate through presentation of a graduation certificate
from an approved flight instructor refresher course (FIRC) only if the
FIRC was completed within the 90 days preceding the expiration of the
current flight instructor certificate.
The FAA has revised paragraph (a)(2)(iii) to permit the renewal of
a current flight instructor certificate at any time by presenting a
graduation certificate demonstrating that the applicant has
successfully completed an approved FIRC. The FAA notes, however, that
if a flight instructor renews his or her flight instructor certificate
more than 3 calendar months before the expiration of that certificate
by presenting a graduation certificate from an FIRC, that course must
have been completed within the 3 calendar months preceding the date of
presentation of the graduation certificate to the Flight Standards
Inspector. The FAA has replaced the ``90 day'' language with the phrase
``3 calendar months'' throughout Sec. 61.197 to facilitate the
calculation of the relevant time periods. Section 61.197(b)(2) will
provide that if renewal is sought within the 3 calendar months
preceding the expiration month of the current flight instructor
certificate through the presentation of an FIRC graduation certificate,
the FIRC must have been completed within the 3 calendar months
preceding the expiration month of the certificate.
In addition to the correction discussed above, the FAA has made
other minor revisions to Sec. 61.197 to clarify the provisions of that
section. The following discussion is provided to explain the provisions
of Sec. 61.197 as adopted in this final rule.
Paragraph (a)(1)(i) has been revised to state that a person may
renew a current flight instructor certificate by passing a practical
test ``for one of the ratings listed on the current flight instructor
certificate.'' For example, if a flight instructor holds a current
flight instructor certificate with single-engine airplane and
multiengine airplane ratings, that instructor would be required to pass
a practical test for only one of those ratings to be issued a new
flight instructor certificate with both ratings. The previous language,
which required the applicant to take a practical test ``for renewal of
the flight instructor certificate,'' may have given the impression that
an applicant had to take a practical test for each of the ratings
listed on the applicant's flight instructor certificate. This has never
been the policy of the FAA and it was not the intention of the FAA to
impose such a requirement when the final rule language was adopted.
Paragraph (a)(2)(ii) permits a person to renew their flight
instructor certificate without accomplishing a practical test by
presenting to an authorized FAA Flight Standards Inspector a record
that shows that within the preceding 24 calendar months the flight
instructor has served in a position involving the regular evaluation of
pilots. The FAA offers the following examples of ``a position involving
the regular evaluation of pilots.'' A person who regularly determines
whether pilots may use a fixed base operator's aircraft may be in a
position involving the regular evaluation of pilots. A captain for a
certificate holder operating under part 121 or part 135 may be in a
position involving the regular evaluation of pilots. These individuals
may renew their flight instructor's certificate under paragraph
(a)(2)(ii) if the authorized FAA Flight Standards Inspector is
acquainted with the duties and responsibilities of the applicant's
position and the applicant has satisfactory knowledge of current pilot
training, certification, and standards.
Paragraph (b)(1) has been revised to state the general rule that a
current flight instructor certificate will be renewed for an additional
24 months from the month the person accomplishes any of the renewal
requirements of paragraph (a). This provision allows a flight
instructor to renew his or her flight instructor certificate at any
time. The FAA notes that if renewal is accomplished through the
presentation of a graduation certificate from an FIRC under paragraph
(a)(2)(iii), the new expiration date will be calculated from the date
the graduation certificate is presented to the Flight Standards
Inspector rather than the date the FIRC is completed.
Paragraph (b)(2) allows a person who accomplishes any of the
renewal requirements of paragraph (a) in the 3 calendar months
preceding the expiration month of the person's current flight
instructor certificate to renew their certificate for an additional 24
months from the month of expiration of the current flight instructor
certificate. However, as previously noted, if renewal is accomplished
under paragraph (b)(2) through the presentation of a graduation
certificate from an FIRC, that course must have been completed within
the 3 calendar months preceding the expiration month of the current
flight instructor certificate. For example, if a person whose current
flight instructor certificate expires on May 31, 1998, seeks to renew
his or her certificate through presentation of a graduation certificate
from an FIRC and obtain a new expiration date of May 31, 2000, that
person must complete the FIRC and present the graduation certificate to
the Flight Standards Inspector on or after February 1, 1998. The 3-
calendar-month window is computed from the first day of the expiration
month rather than the last day of the expiration month of the current
flight instructor certificate. Therefore, if a person's flight
instructor certificate expires on May 31, 1998, the 3-calendar-month
window is computed from May 1, 1998.
Section 61.199 Expired flight instructor certificates and ratings.
The FAA has revised Sec. 61.199 to clarify that a flight instructor who
holds an expired flight instructor certificate may exchange that
certificate for a new flight instructor certificate with the same
ratings by passing a practical test as required in Sec. 61.183(h) for
only one of the ratings listed on the expired certificate. Section
61.199 previously did not require a flight instructor who held an
expired flight instructor certificate to pass a practical test for each
rating listed on that certificate and the FAA did not intend to impose
such a requirement when it revised that section.
Part 141
Section 141.35 Chief instructor qualifications. The FAA has
revised Sec. 141.35 to require that a chief instructor for a course of
training leading to the issuance of a recreational pilot certificate
meet the requirements of Sec. 141.35(b). This provision was
inadvertently omitted from the final rule. Without this revision, those
chief instructors would be required to meet the more demanding
requirements of Sec. 141.35(d).
Section 141.36 Assistant chief instructor qualifications. Section
141.36 has been revised to require that assistant chief instructors for
a course leading to the issuance of a recreational pilot certificate
meet the requirements of Sec. 141.36(b), rather than the more demanding
requirements of Sec. 141.36(d).
Appendix B to Part 141--Private Pilot Certification Course and
Appendix D to Part 141--Commercial Pilot
[[Page 20286]]
Certification Course. For the reasons previously discussed in the
preamble to Secs. 61.109 and 61.129, paragraph 4(b)(6) of appendix B to
part 141 and paragraph 4(b)(6) of appendix D to part 141 have been
revised to include the phrase ``with a certificated flight instructor''
when requiring an applicant to accomplish training flights in a glider.
In addition, paragraph 4(b)(8) of appendix B has been revised to
clarify that the five flights an applicant for a private pilot
certificate with a balloon class rating must accomplish are ``training
flights.'' The word ``training'' was inadvertently omitted from the
final rule.
Good Cause Justification for Immediate Adoption
This amendment makes minor revisions to clarify the language in
parts 61 and 141 and includes certain provisions omitted from a
previous rulemaking action. In addition, the amendment would impose no
additional burden on the public. Therefore, the FAA finds that notice
and opportunity for public comment before adopting this amendment are
unnecessary.
Regulatory Evaluation
The FAA has determined that this regulation imposes no additional
burden on any person. Accordingly, it has been determined that the
action (1) is not significant under Executive Order 12866 and (2) is
not a significant rule under Department of Transportation Order 2100.5,
Policies and Procedures for Simplification, Analysis, and Review of
Regulations. No cost impact is expected to result from this amendment
and, therefore, a full regulatory evaluation is not required. In
addition, the FAA certifies that the rule will not have a significant
economic impact, positive or negative, on a substantial number of small
entities under the criteria of the Regulatory Flexibility Act.
List of Subjects
14 CFR Part 61
Aircraft, Airmen, Aviation safety, Reporting and recordkeeping
requirements.
14 CFR Part 141
Airmen, Aviation safety, Educational facilities, Reporting and
recordkeeping requirements, Schools.
The Amendment
In consideration of the foregoing, the Federal Aviation
Administration amends parts 61 and 141 of Title 14, Code of Federal
Regulations (14 CFR part 61 and part 141) as follows:
PART 61--CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND
INSTRUCTORS
1. The authority citation for part 61 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40113, 44701-44703, 44707, 44709-
44711, 45102-45103, 45301-45302.
2. Section 61.2 is amended by revising paragraph (a) and the
introductory text of paragraph (b) to read as follows:
Sec. 61.2 Certification of foreign pilots, flight instructors, and
ground instructors.
(a) Except as provided for in paragraph (b) of this section, an
airman certificate issued under this part (other than under Sec. 61.75)
may not be issued to a person who is not a citizen of the United States
or a resident alien of the United States unless that person passes the
appropriate practical test within the United States.
(b) A person who is not a citizen of the United States or a
resident alien of the United States may be issued an airman
certificate, and the practical test for that certificate may be
administered outside the United States when--
* * * * *
3. Section 61.31 is amended by revising the paragraph (h) heading
and the introductory text of paragraph (i)(1) to read as follows:
Sec. 61.31 Type rating requirements, additional training, and
authorization requirements.
* * * * *
(h) Additional aircraft type-specific training. * * *
* * * * *
(i) Additional training required for operating tailwheel airplanes.
(1) Except as provided in paragraph (i)(2) of this section, no person
may act as pilot in command of a tailwheel airplane unless that person
has received and logged flight training from an authorized instructor
in a tailwheel airplane and received an endorsement in the person's
logbook from an authorized instructor who found the person proficient
in the operation of a tailwheel airplane. The flight training must
include at least the following maneuvers and procedures:
* * * * *
4. Section 61.35 is amended by revising paragraph (a)(1) to read as
follows:
Sec. 61.35 Knowledge test: Prerequisites and passing grades.
(a) * * *
(1) Received an endorsement, if required by this part, from an
authorized instructor certifying that the applicant accomplished the
appropriate ground-training or a home-study course required by this
part for the certificate or rating sought and is prepared for the
knowledge test; and
* * * * *
5. Section 61.39 is amended by revising the introductory text of
paragraph (a)(6) to read as follows:
Sec. 61.39 Prerequisites for practical tests.
(a) * * *
(6) Have an endorsement, if required by this part, in the
applicant's logbook or training record that has been signed by an
authorized instructor who certifies that the applicant--
* * * * *
6. Section 61.45 is amended by revising paragraph (b) to read as
follows:
Sec. 61.45 Practical tests: Required aircraft and equipment.
* * * * *
(b) Required equipment (other than controls). (1) Except as
provided in paragraph (b)(2) of this section, an aircraft used for a
practical test must have--
(i) The equipment for each area of operation required for the
practical test;
(ii) No prescribed operating limitations that prohibit its use in
any of the areas of operation required for the practical test;
(iii) Except as provided in paragraph (e) of this section, at least
two pilot stations with adequate visibility for each person to operate
the aircraft safely; and
(iv) Cockpit and outside visibility adequate to evaluate the
performance of the applicant when an additional jump seat is provided
for the examiner.
(2) An applicant for a certificate or rating may use an aircraft
with operating characteristics that preclude the applicant from
performing all of the tasks required for the practical test. However,
the applicant's certificate or rating, as appropriate, will be issued
with an appropriate limitation.
* * * * *
7. Section 61.51 is amended by revising paragraphs (d) and
(e)(1)(i), (ii) and (e)(4)(i) and by adding paragraph (e)(1)(iii) to
read as follows:
Sec. 61.51 Pilot logbooks.
* * * * *
(d) Logging of solo flight time. Except for a student pilot
performing the duties of pilot in command of an airship requiring more
than one pilot flight crewmember, a pilot may log as solo flight time
only that flight time when the pilot is the sole occupant of the
aircraft.
(e) * * *
(1) * * *
[[Page 20287]]
(i) Is the sole manipulator of the controls of an aircraft for
which the pilot is rated;
(ii) Is the sole occupant of the aircraft; or
(iii) Except for a recreational pilot, is acting as pilot in
command of an aircraft on which more than one pilot is required under
the type certification of the aircraft or the regulations under which
the flight is conducted.
* * * * *
(4) * * *
(i) Is the sole occupant of the aircraft or is performing the
duties of pilot of command of an airship requiring more than one pilot
flight crewmember;
* * * * *
8. Section 61.56 is amended by revising the introductory text of
paragraph (c), redesignating paragraph (g) as paragraph (h),
redesignating paragraph (h) as paragraph (i) and revising it, and
adding paragraph (g) to read as follows:
Sec. 61.56 Flight review.
* * * * *
(c) Except as provided in paragraphs (d), (e), and (g) of this
section, no person may act as pilot in command of an aircraft unless,
since the beginning of the 24th calendar month before the month in
which that pilot acts as pilot in command, that person has--
* * * * *
(g) A student pilot need not accomplish the flight review required
by this section provided the student pilot is undergoing training for a
certificate and has a current solo flight endorsement as required under
Sec. 61.87 of this part.
* * * * *
(i) A flight simulator or flight training device may be used to
meet the flight review requirements of this section subject to the
following conditions:
(1) The flight simulator or flight training device must be used in
accordance with an approved course conducted by a training center
certificated under part 142 of this chapter.
(2) Unless the flight review is undertaken in a flight simulator
that is approved for landings, the applicant must meet the takeoff and
landing requirements of Sec. 61.57(a) or Sec. 61.57(b) of this part.
(3) The flight simulator or flight training device used must
represent an aircraft or set of aircraft for which the pilot is rated.
9. Section 61.63 is amended by revising paragraphs (d)(5), (f)(10),
and (g)(10) to read as follows:
Sec. 61.63 Additional aircraft ratings (other than on an airline
transport pilot certificate).
* * * * *
(d) * * *
(5) Must perform the practical test in actual or simulated
instrument conditions, unless the aircraft's type certificate makes the
aircraft incapable of operating under instrument flight rules. If the
practical test cannot be accomplished for this reason, the person may
obtain a type rating limited to ``VFR only.'' The ``VFR only''
limitation may be removed for that aircraft type when the person passes
the practical test in actual or simulated instrument conditions. When
an instrument rating is issued to a person who holds one or more type
ratings, the type ratings on the amended pilot certificate shall bear
the ``VFR only'' limitation for each aircraft type rating for which the
person has not demonstrated instrument competency;
* * * * *
(f) * * *
(10) A applicant meeting only the requirements of paragraph
(f)(9)(ii) of this section will be issued an additional rating with a
limitation.
* * * * *
(g) * * *
(10) An applicant meeting only the requirements of paragraph
(g)(9)(ii) of this section will be issued an additional rating with a
limitation.
* * * * *
10. Section 61.87 is amended by revising paragraph (a) to read as
follows:
Sec. 61.87 Solo requirements for student pilots.
(a) General. A student pilot may not operate an aircraft in solo
flight unless that student has met the requirements of this section.
The term ``solo flight'' as used in this subpart means that flight time
during which a student pilot is the sole occupant of the aircraft or
that flight time during which the student performs the duties of a
pilot in command of a gas balloon or an airship requiring more than one
pilot flight crewmember.
* * * * *
11. Section 61.109 is amended by revising paragraphs (f), (g)(2),
(g)(4), the introductory text of paragraph (h) and paragraphs (h)(1)(i)
and (ii) to read as follows:
Sec. 61.109 Aeronautical experience.
* * * * *
(f) For a glider category rating. (1) If the applicant for a
private pilot certificate with a glider category rating has not logged
at least 40 hours of flight time as a pilot in a heavier-than-air
aircraft, the applicant must log at least 10 hours of flight time in a
glider in the areas of operation listed in Sec. 61.107(b)(6) of this
part, and that flight time must include at least--
(i) 20 flights in a glider in the areas of operations listed in
Sec. 61.107(b)(6) of this part, including at least 3 training flights
in a glider with an authorized instructor in preparation for the
practical test that must have been performed within the 60-day period
preceding the date of the test; and
(ii) 2 hours of solo flight time in a glider in the areas of
operation listed in Sec. 61.107(b)(6) of this part, with not less than
10 launches and landings being performed.
(2) If the applicant has logged at least 40 hours of flight time in
a heavier-than-air aircraft, the applicant must log at least 3 hours of
flight time in a glider in the areas of operation listed in
Sec. 61.107(b)(6) of this part, and that flight time must include at
least--
(i) 10 solo flights in a glider in the areas of operation listed in
Sec. 61.107(b)(6) of this part; and
(ii) 3 training flights in a glider with an authorized instructor
in preparation for the practical test that must have been performed
within the 60-day period preceding the date of the test.
(g) * * *
(2) 3 hours of flight training in an airship on the control and
maneuvering of an airship solely by reference to instruments, including
straight and level flight, constant airspeed climbs and descents, turns
to a heading, recovery from unusual flight attitudes, radio
communications, and the use of navigation systems/facilities and radar
services appropriate to instrument flight;
* * * * *
(4) 5 hours performing the duties of pilot in command in an airship
with an authorized instructor.
(h) For a balloon rating. A person who applies for a private pilot
certificate with a lighter-than-air category and balloon class rating
must log at least 10 hours of flight training that includes at least
six training flights with an authorized instructor in the areas of
operation listed in Sec. 61.107(b)(8) of this part, that includes--
(1) * * *
(i) At least one training flight with an authorized instructor
within 60 days prior to application for the rating on the areas of
operation for a gas balloon;
(ii) At least one flight performing the duties of pilot in command
in a gas balloon with an authorized instructor; and
* * * * *
[[Page 20288]]
12. Section 61.129 is amended by revising paragraphs (b)(4)
introductory text, (f), (g)(5) introductory text, and (h)(4)
introductory text, (h)(4)(i)(A), (B), and (h)(4)(ii)(A) to read as
follows:
Sec. 61.129 Aeronautical experience.
* * * * *
(b) * * *
(4) 10 hours of solo flight time in a multiengine airplane or 10
hours of flight time performing the duties of pilot in command in a
multiengine airplane with an authorized instructor (either of which may
be credited towards the flight time requirement in paragraph (b)(2) of
this section), on the areas of operation listed in Sec. 61.127(b)(2) of
this part that includes at least--
* * * * *
(f) For a glider rating. A person who applies for a commercial
pilot certificate with a glider category rating must log at least--
(1) 25 hours of flight time as a pilot in a glider and that flight
time must include at least 100 flights in a glider as pilot in command,
including at least--
(i) 3 hours of flight training in a glider or 10 training flights
in a glider with an authorized instructor on the areas of operation
listed in Sec. 61.127(b)(6) of this part, including at least 3 training
flights in a glider with an authorized instructor in preparation for
the practical test within the 60-day period preceding the date of the
test; and
(ii) 2 hours of solo flight that include not less than 10 solo
flights in a glider on the areas of operation listed in
Sec. 61.127(b)(6) of this part; or
(2) 200 hours of flight time as a pilot in heavier-than-air
aircraft and at least 20 flights in a glider as pilot in command,
including at least--
(i) 3 hours of flight training in a glider or 10 training flights
in a glider with an authorized instructor on the areas of operation
listed in Sec. 61.127(b)(6) of this part including at least 3 training
flights in a glider with an authorized instructor in preparation for
the practical test within the 60-day period preceding the date of the
test; and
(ii) 5 solo flights in a glider on the areas of operation listed in
Sec. 61.127(b)(6) of this part.
(g) * * *
(5) 10 hours of flight training performing the duties of pilot in
command with an authorized instructor on the areas of operation listed
in Sec. 61.127(b)(7) of this part, which includes at least--
* * * * *
(h) * * *
(4) 10 hours of flight training that includes at least 10 training
flights with an authorized instructor in balloons on the areas of
operation listed in Sec. 61.127(b)(8) of this part, which consists of
at least--
(i) * * *
(A) 2 training flights of 2 hours each with an authorized
instructor in a gas balloon on the areas of operation appropriate to a
gas balloon within 60 days prior to application for the rating;
(B) 2 flights performing the duties of pilot in command in a gas
balloon with an authorized instructor on the appropriate areas of
operation; and
* * * * *
(ii) * * *
(A) 2 training flights of 1 hour each with an authorized instructor
in a balloon with an airborne heater on the areas of operation
appropriate to a balloon with an airborne heater within 60 days prior
to application for the rating;
* * * * *
13. Section 61.157 is amended by revising paragraphs (b)(3),
(f)(2), (g) introductory text, (g)(8), (h) introductory text, (i)
introductory text, and (i)(8) to read as follows:
Sec. 61.157 Flight proficiency.
* * * * *
(b) * * *
(3) Must perform the practical test in actual or simulated
instrument conditions, unless the aircraft's type certificate makes the
aircraft incapable of operating under instrument flight rules. If the
practical test cannot be accomplished for this reason, the person may
obtain a type rating limited to ``VFR only.'' The ``VFR only''
limitation may be removed for that aircraft type when the person passes
the practical test in actual or simulated instrument conditions.
* * * * *
(f) * * *
(2) The checks specified in paragraph (f)(1) of this section must
be conducted by an authorized designated pilot examiner or FAA aviation
safety inspector.
(g) Use of a flight simulator or flight training device for an
airplane rating. If a flight simulator or flight training device is
used for accomplishing all of the training and the required practical
test for an airplane transport pilot certificate with an airplane
category, class, and type rating, if applicable, the applicant, flight
simulator, and flight training device are subject to the following
requirements:
* * * * *
(8) An applicant meeting only the requirements of paragraph
(g)(7)(ii) of this section will be issued an additional rating or an
airline transport pilot certificate with an additional rating, as
applicable, with a limitation. The limitation shall state: ``This
certificate is subject to pilot-in-command limitations for the
additional rating.''
* * * * *
(h) Use of a flight simulator or flight training device for a
helicopter rating. If a flight simulator or flight training device is
used for accomplishing all of the training and the required practical
test for an airline transport pilot certificate with a helicopter class
rating and type rating, if applicable, the applicant, flight simulator,
and flight training device are subject to the following requirements:
* * * * *
(8) An applicant meeting only the requirements of paragraph
(h)(7)(ii) of this section will be issued an additional rating or an
airline transport pilot certificate with an additional rating, as
applicable, with a limitation. The limitation shall state: ``This
certificate is subject to pilot-in-command limitations for the
additional rating.''
* * * * *
(i) Use of a flight simulator or flight training device for a
powered-lift rating. If a flight simulator or flight training device is
used for accomplishing all of the training and the required practical
test for an airline transport pilot certificate with a powered-lift
category rating and type rating, if applicable, the applicant, flight
simulator, and flight training device are subject to the following
requirements:
* * * * *
(8) An applicant meeting only the requirements of paragraph
(i)(7)(ii) of this section will be issued an additional rating or an
airline transport pilot certificate with an additional rating, as
applicable, with a limitation. The limitation shall state: ``This
certificate is subject to pilot-in-command limitations for the
additional rating.''
* * * * *
14. Section 61.159 is amended by revising the introductory text of
paragraph (a)(4) to read as follows:
Sec. 61.159 Aeronautical experience: Airplane category rating.
(a) * * *
(4) 250 hours of flight time in an airplane as a pilot in command,
or as second in command performing the duties of pilot in command while
under the supervision of a pilot in command, or any combination
thereof, which includes at least--
* * * * *
[[Page 20289]]
15. Section 61.161 is amended by revising paragraphs (a)(3) and
(a)(4) to read as follows:
Sec. 61.161 Aeronautical experience: Rotorcraft category and
helicopter class rating.
(a) * * *
(3) 200 hours of flight time in helicopters, which includes at
least 75 hours as a pilot in command, or as second in command
performing the duties of a pilot in command under the supervision of a
pilot in command, or any combination thereof; and
(4) 75 hours of instrument flight time in actual or simulated
instrument meteorological conditions, of which at least 50 hours are
obtained in flight with at least 25 hours in helicopters as a pilot in
command, or as second in command performing the duties of a pilot in
command under the supervision of a pilot in command, or any combination
thereof.
* * * * *
16. Section 61.163 is amended by revising the introductory text of
paragraph (a)(3) to read as follows:
Sec. 61.163 Aeronautical experience: Powered-lift category rating.
(a) * * *
(3) 250 hours in a powered-lift as a pilot in command, or as a
second in command performing the duties of a pilot in command under the
supervision of a pilot in command, or any combination thereof, which
includes at least--
* * * * *
17. Section 61.197 is revised to read as follows:
Sec. 61.197 Renewal of flight instructor certificates.
(a) A person who holds a flight instructor certificate that has not
expired may renew that certificate by--
(1) Passing a practical test for--
(i) One of the ratings listed on the current flight instructor
certificate; or
(ii) An additional flight instructor rating; or
(2) Presenting to an authorized FAA Flight Standards Inspector--
(i) A record of training students showing that, during the
preceding 24 calendar months, the flight instructor has endorsed at
least five students for a practical test for a certificate or rating
and at least 80 percent of those students passed that test on the first
attempt;
(ii) A record showing that, within the preceding 24 calendar
months, the flight instructor has served as a company check pilot,
chief flight instructor, company check airman, or flight instructor in
a part 121 or part 135 operation, or in a position involving the
regular evaluation of pilots; or
(iii) A graduation certificate showing that, within the preceding 3
calendar months, the person has successfully completed an approved
flight instructor refresher course consisting of ground training or
flight training, or a combination of both.
(b) The expiration month of a renewed flight instructor certificate
shall be 24 calendar months from--
(1) The month the renewal requirements of paragraph (a) of this
section are accomplished; or
(2) The month of expiration of the current flight instructor
certificate provided--
(i) The renewal requirements of paragraph (a) of this section are
accomplished within the 3 calendar months preceding the expiration
month of the current flight instructor certificate, and
(ii) If the renewal is accomplished under paragraph (a)(2)(iii) of
this section, the approved flight instructor refresher course must be
completed within the 3 calendar months preceding the expiration month
of the current flight instructor certificate.
(c) The practical test required by paragraph (a)(1) of this section
may be accomplished in a flight simulator or flight training device if
the test is accomplished pursuant to an approved course conducted by a
training center certificated under part 142 of this chapter.
18. Section 61.199 is amended by revising paragraph (a) to read as
follows:
Sec. 61.199 Expired flight instructor certificates and ratings.
(a) Flight instructor certificates. The holder of an expired flight
instructor certificate may exchange that certificate for a new
certificate with the same ratings by passing a practical test as
prescribed in Sec. 61.183(h) of this part for one of the ratings listed
on the expired flight instructor certificate.
* * * * *
PART 141--PILOT SCHOOLS
19. The authority citation for part 141 continues to read as
follows:
Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40113, 44701-44703, 44707, 44709,
44711, 45102-45103, 45301-45302.
20. Section 141.35 is amended by revising the introductory text of
paragraphs (b) and (d) to read as follows:
Sec. 141.35 Chief instructor qualifications.
* * * * *
(b) For a course of training leading to the issuance of a
recreational or private pilot certificate or rating, a chief instructor
must have:
* * * * *
(d) For a course of training other than one leading to the issuance
of a recreational or private pilot certificate or rating, or an
instrument rating or a rating with instrument privileges, a chief
instructor must have:
* * * * *
21. Section 141.36 is amended by revising the introductory text of
paragraphs (b) and (d) to read as follows:
Sec. 141.36 Assistant chief instructor qualifications.
* * * * *
(b) For a course of training leading to the issuance of a
recreational or private pilot certificate or rating, an assistant chief
instructor must have:
* * * * *
(d) For a course of training other than one leading to the issuance
of a recreational or private pilot certificate or rating, or an
instrument rating or a rating with instrument privileges, an assistant
chief instructor must have:
* * * * *
22. Appendix B to part 141 is amended by revising paragraphs (b)(6)
(i) and (ii) and the introductory text of paragraph (b)(8) of section
No. 4 and paragraphs (b) introductory text, (g), and (h) of section No.
5 to read as follows:
Appendix B to Part 141--Private Pilot Certification Course
* * * * *
4. * * *
(b) * * *
(6) * * *
(i) Five training flights in a glider with a certificated flight
instructor on the launch/tow procedures approved for the course and
on the appropriate approved areas of operation listed in paragraph
(d)(6) of this section; and
(ii) Three training flights in a glider with a certificated
flight instructor in preparation for the practical test within 60
days preceding the date of the test.
* * * * *
(8) For a lighter-than-air balloon course: 8 hours of flight
training, including at least five training flights, from a
commercial pilot with a balloon rating on the approved areas of
operation in paragraph (d)(8) of this section, that includes--
* * * * *
5. * * *
(b) For an airplane multiengine course: 5 hours of flight
training in a multiengine airplane performing the duties of a pilot
in command while under the supervision of a certificated flight
instructor. The training must consist of the approved areas of
operation in paragraph (d)(2) of section No. 4 of this appendix, and
include at least--
* * * * *
[[Page 20290]]
(g) For a lighter-than-air airship course: 5 hours of flight
training in an airship performing the duties of pilot in command
while under the supervision of a commercial pilot with an airship
rating. The training must consist of the approved areas of operation
in paragraph (d)(7) of section No. 4 of this appendix.
(h) For a lighter-than-air balloon course: Two solo flights in a
balloon with an airborne heater if the course involves a balloon
with an airborne heater or, if the course involves a gas balloon, at
least two flights in a gas balloon performing the duties of pilot in
command while under the supervision of a commercial pilot with a
balloon rating. The training must consist of the approved areas of
operation in paragraph (d)(8) of section No. 4 of this appendix, in
the kind of balloon for which the course applies.
* * * * *
23. Appendix D to part 141 is amended by revising paragraphs
(b)(6)(i) and (ii) of section No. 4 and paragraphs (b) introductory
text, and (g) introductory text of section No. 5 to read as follows:
Appendix D to Part 141--Commercial Pilot Certification Course
* * * * *
4. * * *
(b) * * *
(6) * * *
(i) Five training flights in a glider with a certificated flight
instructor on the launch/tow procedures approved for the course and
on the appropriate approved areas of operation listed in paragraph
(d)(6) of this section; and
(ii) Three training flights in a glider with a certificated
flight instructor in preparation for the practical test within 60
days preceding the date of the test.
* * * * *
5. * * *
(b) For an airplane multiengine course: 10 hours of flight
training in a multiengine airplane performing the duties of pilot in
command while under the supervision of a certificated flight
instructor. The training must consist of the approved areas of
operation in paragraph (d)(2) of section No. 4 of this appendix, and
include at least--
* * * * *
(g) For a lighter-than-air airship course: 10 hours of flight
training in an airship performing the duties of pilot in command
while under the supervision of a commercial pilot with an airship
rating. The training must consist of the approved areas of operation
in paragraph (d)(7) of section No. 4 of this appendix and include at
least--
* * * * *
Issued in Washington, D.C., on April 20, 1998.
Jane F. Garvey,
Administrator.
[FR Doc. 98-10793 Filed 4-22-98; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4910-13-P
