[Federal Register Volume 61, Number 65 (Wednesday, April 3, 1996)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 14607-14608]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 96-8036]
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Rules and Regulations
Federal Register
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This section of the FEDERAL REGISTER contains regulatory documents
having general applicability and legal effect, most of which are keyed
to and codified in the Code of Federal Regulations, which is published
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Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 65 / Wednesday, April 3, 1996 / Rules
and Regulations
[[Page 14607]]
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
Federal Aviation Administration
14 CFR Part 25
[Docket No. NM-118; Special Conditions No. 25-ANM-112]
Special Conditions: Israel Aircraft Industries (IAI), Model
Galaxy, High-Intensity Radiated Fields
AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration, DOT.
ACTION: Final special conditions.
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SUMMARY: These special conditions are issued for the Israel Aircraft
Industries (IAI) Model Galaxy airplane. The new airplane will utilize
new avionics/electronic systems, such as electronic displays and
electronic engine controls, that perform critical functions. The
applicable regulations do not contain adequate or appropriate safety
standards for the protection of these systems from the effects of high-
intensity radiated fields (HIRF). These special conditions contain the
additional safety standards that the Administrator considers necessary
to establish a level of safety equivalent to that established by the
existing airworthiness standards.
EFFECTIVE DATE: May 3, 1996.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Timothy Dulin, FAA, Standardization
Branch, ANM-113, Transport Airplane Directorate, Aircraft Certification
Service, 1601 Lind Avenue SW., Renton, Washington 98055-4056; telephone
(206) 227-2141; facsimile (206) 227-1149.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Background
On July 29, 1992, Israel Aircraft Industries (IAI), Ben Gurion
International Airport, Tel Aviv 70100, Israel, applied for a new type
certificate in the transport airplane category for the Model Galaxy
airplane. On April 19, 1995, IAI applied for an extension of the
original application and selected June 21, 1994, as the new reference
date of application. The Model Galaxy is a derivative of the IAI Model
1125 Westwind Astra and is designed to be a long-range, high-speed
airplane with a swept low wing and two aft-fuselage-mounted Pratt &
Whitney Canada (PWC) 306A engines. The Model Galaxy will have a maximum
takeoff weight of 33,450 pounds, a conventional empennage, a crew of
two, and will be operated as an executive/corporate or commuter
airplane with a maximum seating capacity of 19 passengers.
Type Certification Basis
Under the provisions of Sec. 21.17, IAI must show, except as
provided in Sec. 25.2, that the Model Galaxy meets the applicable
provisions of part 25, effective February 1, 1965, as amended by
Amendments 25-1 through 25-82. In addition, the proposed certification
basis for the Model Galaxy includes part 34, effective September 10,
1990, including all amendments in effect at the time of certification;
and part 36, effective December 1, 1969, including all amendments in
effect at the time of certification. No exemptions are anticipated.
These special conditions form an additional part of the type
certification basis. In addition, the certification basis may include
other special conditions that are not relevant to these special
conditions.
If the Administrator finds that the applicable airworthiness
regulations (i.e., part 25, as amended) do not contain adequate or
appropriate safety standards for the Model Galaxy because of a novel or
unusual design feature, special conditions are prescribed under the
provisions of Sec. 21.16 to establish a level of safety equivalent to
that established in the regulations.
Special conditions, as appropriate, are issued in accordance with
Sec. 11.49 of the FAR after public notice, as required by Secs. 11.28
and 11.29, and become part of the type certification basis in
accordance with Sec. 21.17(a)(2).
In addition to the applicable airworthiness regulations and special
conditions, the Model Galaxy must comply with the fuel vent and exhaust
emission requirements of part 34 and the noise certification
requirements of part 36, and the FAA must issue a finding of regulatory
adequacy pursuant to Sec. 611 of Public Law 92-574, the ``Noise Control
Act of 1972.''
Special conditions are initially applicable to the model for which
they are issued. Should the type certificate for the model be amended
later to include any other model that incorporates the same novel or
unusual design feature, the special conditions would also apply to the
other model under the provisions of Sec. 21.101(a)(1).
Novel or Unusual Design Features
The Model Galaxy airplane incorporates new avionic/electronic
systems, such as electronic displays and electronic engine controls,
that perform critical functions. These systems may be vulnerable to
high-intensity radiated fields external to airplane.
Discussion
There is no specific regulation that addresses protection
requirements for electrical and electronic systems for HIRF. Increased
power levels from ground-based radio transmitters and the growing use
of sensitive electrical and electronic systems to command and control
airplanes have made it necessary to provide adequate protection.
To ensure that a level of safety is achieved equivalent to that
intended by the applicable regulations, special conditions are needed
for the IAI Galaxy to require that electrical and electronic systems
which perform critical functions be designed and installed to preclude
component damage and interruption of function due to both the direct
and indirect effects of HIRF.
High-Intensity Radiated Fields (HIRF)
With the trend toward increased power levels from ground-based
transmitters, plus the advent of space and satellite communications,
coupled with electronic command and control of the airplane, the
immunity of critical digital avionics systems to HIRF must be
established.
It is not possible to precisely define the HIRF to which the
airplane will be exposed in service. There is also uncertainty
concerning the effectiveness of airframe shielding for HIRF.
Furthermore, coupling of electromagnetic energy to cockpit-installed
equipment through the cockpit window apertures is undefined. Based on
surveys and analysis of existing HIRF emitters, an adequate level of
protection exists when compliance with the HIRF
[[Page 14608]]
protection special condition is shown with either paragraphs 1 or 2
below:
1. A minimum threat of 100 volts per meter peak electric field
strength from 10 KHz to 18 GHz.
a. The threat must be applied to the system elements and their
associated wiring harnesses without the benefit of airframe shielding.
b. Demonstration of this level of protection is established through
system tests and analysis.
2. A threat external to the airframe of the following field
strengths for the frequency ranges indicated.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Peak (V/ Average (V/
Frequency M) M)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
10 KHz-100 KHz.................................. 50 50
100 KHz-500 KHz................................. 60 60
500 KHz-2 MHz................................... 70 70
2 MHz-30 MHz.................................... 200 200
30 MHz-100 MHz.................................. 30 30
100 MHz-200 MHz................................. 150 33
200 MHz-400 MHz................................. 70 70
400 MHz-700 MHz................................. 4,020 935
700 MHz-1 GHz................................... 1,700 170
1 GHz-2 GHz..................................... 5,000 990
2 GHz-4 GHz..................................... 6,680 840
4 GHz-6 GHz..................................... 6,850 310
6 GHz-8 GHz..................................... 3,600 670
8 GHz-12 GHz.................................... 3,500 1,270
12 GHz-18 GHz................................... 3,500 360
18 GHz-40 GHz................................... 2,100 750
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As discussed above, these special conditions are applicable to the
IAI Model Galaxy. Should IAI apply at a later date for a change to the
type certificate to include another model incorporating the same novel
or unusual design feature, the special conditions would apply to that
model as well, under the provisions of Sec. 21.101(a)(1).
Discussion of Comments
Notice of proposed special conditions No. SC-95-6-NM for the IAI
Model Galaxy airplanes was published in the Federal Register on October
30, 1995 (60 FR 55221). No comments were received, and the special
conditions are adopted as proposed.
Conclusion
This action affects certain design features only on the IAI Galaxy
airplane. It is not a rule of general applicability and affects only
the manufacturer who applied to the FAA for approval of these features
on the airplane.
List of Subjects in 14 CFR Part 25
Aircraft, Aviation safety, Reporting and record keeping
requirements.
The authority citation for these special conditions is as follows:
Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40113, 44701, 44702, 44704.
The Special Conditions
Accordingly, pursuant to the authority delegated to me by the
Administrator, the following special conditions are issued as part of
the type certification basis for the IAI Model Galaxy airplanes.
1. Protection from Unwanted Effects of High-Intensity Radiated
Fields (HIRF). Each electrical and electronic system that performs
critical functions must be designed and installed to ensure that the
operation and operational capability of these systems to perform
critical functions are not adversely affected when the airplane is
exposed to high-intensity radiated fields.
2. For the purpose of these special conditions, the following
definition applies:
Critical Functions. Functions whose failure would contribute to or
cause a failure condition that would prevent the continued safe flight
and landing of the airplane.
Issued in Renton, Washington, on March 25, 1996.
Darrell M. Pederson,
Acting Manager, Transport Airplane Directorate Aircraft Certification
Service, ANM-100.
[FR Doc. 96-8036 Filed 4-2-96; 8:45 am]
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