2020-09177. Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Draft Kauai Islandwide Recovery Plan  

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    AGENCY:

    Fish and Wildlife Service, Interior.

    ACTION:

    Notice of document availability for review and public comment.

    SUMMARY:

    We, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, announce the availability of the Draft Kauai Islandwide Recovery Plan under the Endangered Species Act. This draft recovery plan addresses 175 listed species occurring on the island of Kauai, Hawaii, 111 of which are endemic to Kauai. The draft recovery plan includes specific goals, objectives, and criteria that should be met to remove the Kauai endemic species from the Federal List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants. For the listed species that occur on multiple Hawaiian islands, the draft recovery plan describes those actions specific to Kauai; complete recovery actions and recovery criteria for these species will be covered in a subsequent multi-island recovery plan. We request review and comment on this draft recovery plan from local, State, and Federal agencies and the public. We will also accept any new information on the species' status throughout their range.

    DATES:

    In order to be considered, comments on the draft recovery plan must be received on or before July 29, 2020. However, we will accept information about any species at any time.

    ADDRESSES:

    An electronic copy of the draft recovery plan is available at our website at http://www.fws.gov/​endangered/​species/​recovery-plans.html and http://www.fws.gov/​pacific/​ecoservices/​endangered/​recovery/​plans.html. If you wish to comment on the plan, you may submit your comments in writing by any one of the following methods:

    (1) You may submit written comments and materials to Field Supervisor, Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 300 Ala Moana Boulevard, Room 3122, Honolulu, HI 96850.

    (2) You may submit written comments to our Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office by fax at (808)792-9581.

    (3) You may send comments by email to gregory_koob@fws.gov.

    For additional information about submitting comments, see the “Request for Public Comments” section below.

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    FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:

    Gregory Koob, Deputy Field Supervisor, by mail at the above Honolulu address, or by telephone at (808)792-9400. Individuals who are hearing impaired may call the Federal Relay Service at 800-877-8339 for TTY assistance.

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    SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

    We, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, announce the availability of the Draft Kauai Islandwide Recovery Plan under the Endangered Species Act (Act; 16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.). This draft recovery plan addresses 175 listed species occurring on the island of Kauai, Hawaii, 111 of which are endemic to Kauai. The draft recovery plan includes specific goals, objectives, and criteria that should be met to remove the Kauai endemic species from the Federal List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants. For the listed species that occur on multiple Hawaiian islands, the draft recovery plan describes those actions specific to Kauai; complete recovery actions and recovery criteria for these species will be covered in a subsequent multi-island recovery plan. We request review and comment on this draft recovery plan from local, State, and Federal agencies and the public. We will also accept any new information on any species' status throughout its range.

    Background

    Recovery of endangered or threatened animals and plants to the point where they are again secure, self-sustaining members of their ecosystems is a primary goal of our endangered species program and the Act (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.). Recovery means improvement of the status of listed species to the point at which listing is no longer appropriate under the criteria set out in section 4(a)(1) of the Act. The Act requires the development of recovery plans for listed species, unless such a plan would not promote the conservation of a particular species.

    Species Addressed in Recovery Plan

    This draft recovery plan addresses 175 species, as listed in the table below. Many of these species have been addressed previously in earlier recovery plans; this plan will update and supersede the Kauai-specific actions in those documents, and is intended to provide a single unified reference for the recovery of all listed species on Kauai.

    Scientific nameCommon nameListing statusKauai endemicMost recent recovery plan
    PLANTS
    Acaena exiguaLiliwaiEndangeredNoD
    Achyranthes muticaNo common nameEndangeredNoA
    Adenophorus periensFern, pendant kihiEndangeredNoA
    Alectryon macrococcusMahoeEndangeredNoD
    Asplenium dielerectumDiellia, asplenium-leavedEndangeredNoA
    Asplenium dielmannii [=Diellia mannii]No common nameEndangeredYes——
    Asplenium dielpallidum [=Diellia pallida]No common nameEndangeredYesE
    Astelia waialealaePainiuEndangeredYes——
    Bonamia menziesiiNo common nameEndangeredNoA
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    Brighamia insignisOluluEndangeredNoE
    Canavalia napaliensisAwikiwikiEndangeredYes——
    Canavalia pubescensAwikiwikiEndangeredNo——
    Charpentiera densifloraPapalaEndangeredYes——
    Ctenitis squamigeraPauoaEndangeredNoC
    Cyanea asarifoliaHahaEndangeredYesE
    Cyanea dolichopodaHahaEndangeredYes——
    Cyanea eleeleensisHahaEndangeredYes——
    Cyanea kolekoleensisHahaEndangeredYes——
    Cyanea kuhihewaHaiwaleEndangeredYes——
    Cyanea rectaHahaThreatenedYesF
    Cyanea remyiHahaEndangeredYesF
    Cyanea undulataNo common nameEndangeredYesG
    Cyperus pennatiformisNo common nameEndangeredNoA
    Cyperus trachysanthosPuukaaEndangeredNoA
    Cyrtandra cyaneoidesMapeleEndangeredYesF
    Cyrtandra limahuliensisHaiwaleThreatenedYesE
    Cyrtandra oenobarbaHaiwaleEndangeredYes——
    Cyrtandra palikuHaiwaleEndangeredYes——
    Delissea rhytidospermaNo common nameEndangeredNoE
    Delissea rivularisOhaEndangeredYesF
    Diplazium molokaienseNo common nameEndangeredNoC
    Doryopteris angelicaNo common nameEndangeredYes——
    Dryopteris crinalis var. podosorusPalapalai aumakuaEndangeredYes——
    Dubautia imbricata subsp. imbricataNaenaeEndangeredYes——
    Dubautia kalalauensisNaenaeEndangeredYes——
    Dubautia kenwoodiiNaenaeEndangeredYes——
    Dubautia latifoliaKoholapehuEndangeredYesE
    Dubautia pauciflorulaNaenaeEndangeredYesG
    Dubautia plantaginea subsp. magnifoliaNaenaeEndangeredYes——
    Dubautia waialealaeNaenaeEndangeredYes——
    Euphorbia eleanoriae [=Chamaesyce eleanoriae]AkokoEndangeredYes——
    Euphorbia haeleeleanaAkokoEndangeredNoA
    Euphorbia halemanui [=Chamaesyce halemanui]AkokoEndangeredYesE
    Euphorbia remyi var. kauaiensis [=Chamaesyce remyi var. kauaiensis]AkokoEndangeredYes——
    Euphorbia remyi var. remyi [=Chamaesyce remyi var. remyiiAkokoEndangeredYes——
    Exocarpos luteolusHeauEndangeredYesE
    Flueggea neowawraeaMehamehameEndangeredNoA
    Gardenia remyiNanuEndangeredNo——
    Geranium kauaienseNohoanuEndangeredYes——
    Gouania meyeniiNo common nameEndangeredNoH
    Haplostachys haplostachyaNo common nameEndangeredNoI
    Hesperomannia lydgateiNo common nameEndangeredYesG
    Hibiscadelphus distansKauai hau kuahiwiEndangeredYesJ
    Hibiscadelphus woodiiHau kuahiwiEndangeredYesF
    Hibiscus brackenridgeiMao hau hele, (=native yellow hibiscus)EndangeredNoA
    Hibiscus clayiClay's hibiscusEndangeredYesE
    Hibiscus waimeae subsp. hanneraeKokio keokeoEndangeredYesF
    Huperzia manniiWawaeioleEndangeredNoD
    Huperzia nutansWawaeioleEndangeredNoH
    Ischaemum byroneHilo ischaemumEndangeredNoK
    Isodendrion laurifoliumAupakaEndangeredNoA
    Isodendrion longifoliumAupakaThreatenedNoA
    Joinvillea ascendens subsp. ascendensOheEndangeredNo——
    Kadua cookiana [=Hedyotis cookiana]AwiwiEndangeredNoE
    Kadua fluviatilis [=Hedyotis fluviatilis]KamapuaaEndangeredNo——
    Kadua st.-johnii [=Hedyotis st.-johnii]No common nameEndangeredYesE
    Kanaloa kahoolawensisKohe malama malama o kanaloaEndangeredNoB
    Keysseria ericiNo common nameEndangeredYes——
    Keysseria helenaeNo common nameEndangeredYes——
    Kokia kauaiensisKokioEndangeredYesF
    Labordia helleriKamakahalaEndangeredYes——
    Labordia lydgateiKamakahalaEndangeredYesG
    Labordia pumilaKamakahalaEndangeredYes——
    Labordia tinifolia var. wahiawaensisKamakahalaEndangeredYesF
    Lipochaeta fauriei [=Melanthera fauriei]NeheEndangeredYesE
    Lipochaeta micrantha [=Melanthera micrantha]NeheEndangeredYesE
    Lipochaeta waimeaensis [=Melanthera waimeaensis]NeheEndangeredYesE
    Lobelia niihauensisNo common nameEndangeredNoH
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    Lysimachia daphnoidesLehua makanoeEndangeredYes——
    Lysimachia inikiNo common nameEndangeredYes——
    Lysimachia pendensNo common nameEndangeredYes——
    Lysimachia scopulensisNo common nameEndangeredYes——
    Lysimachia venosaNo common nameEndangeredYes——
    Melicope degeneriAlaniEndangeredYes——
    Melicope haupuensisAlaniEndangeredYesE
    Melicope knudseniiAlaniEndangeredNoE
    Melicope pallidaAlaniEndangeredNoE
    Melicope paniculataAlaniEndangeredYes——
    Melicope puberulaAlaniEndangeredYes——
    Melicope quadrangularisAlaniEndangeredYesE
    Mezoneuron kavaienseUhiuhiEndangeredNoL
    Myrsine fosbergiiKoleaEndangeredNo——
    Myrsine knudseniiKoleaEndangeredYes——
    Myrsine linearifoliaKoleaThreatenedYesF
    Myrsine meziiKoleaEndangeredYes——
    Nothocestrum latifoliumAieaEndangeredNo——
    Nothocestrum peltatumAieaEndangeredYesE
    Panicum niihauenseLauehuEndangeredNoA
    Peucedanum sandwicenseMakouThreatenedNoE
    Phyllostegia knudseniiNo common nameEndangeredYesF
    Phyllostegia renovansNo common nameEndangeredYes——
    Phyllostegia waimeaeNo common nameEndangeredYesE
    Phyllostegia wawranaNo common nameEndangeredYesF
    Pittosporum napalienseHoawaEndangeredYes——
    Plantago princepsKuahiwi laukahiEndangeredNoA
    Platanthera holochilaNo common nameEndangeredNoA
    Platydesma rostrataPilokea lauliiEndangeredYes——
    Poa manniiMann's bluegrassEndangeredYesE
    Poa sandvicensisHawaiian bluegrassEndangeredYesE
    Poa siphonoglossaNo common nameEndangeredYesE
    Polyscias bisattenuata [=Tetraplasandra bisattenuata]No common nameEndangeredYes——
    Polyscias flynnii [=Tetraplasandra flynnii]No common nameEndangeredYes——
    Polyscias racemosa [=Munroidendron racemosum]No common nameEndangeredYesE
    Pritchardia hardyiLouluEndangeredYes——
    Pritchardia napaliensisLouluEndangeredYesF
    Pritchardia viscosaLouluEndangeredYesF
    Psychotria grandifloraKopikoEndangeredYes——
    Psychotria hobdyiKopikoEndangeredYes——
    Pteralyxia kauaiensisKauluEndangeredYesE
    Ranunculus mauiensisMakouEndangeredNo——
    Remya kauaiensisNo common nameEndangeredYesE
    Remya montgomeryiNo common nameEndangeredYesE
    Scaevola coriaceaNaupaka, dwarfEndangeredNoD
    Schenkia sebaeoidesAwiwiEndangeredNoA
    Schiedea apokremnosMaolioliEndangeredYesE
    Schiedea attenuataNo common nameEndangeredYes——
    Schiedea helleriNo common nameEndangeredYesF
    Schiedea kauaiensisNo common nameEndangeredYesF
    Schiedea lychnoides [=Alsinidendron lychnoides]KuawawaenohuEndangeredYesF
    Schiedea membranaceaNo common nameEndangeredYesF
    Schiedea nuttaliiNo common nameEndangeredNoA
    Schiedea spergulina var. leiopodaNo common nameEndangeredYesE
    Schiedea spergulina var. spergulinaNo common nameThreatenedYesE
    Schiedea stellarioidesLaulihilihiEndangeredYesF
    Schiedea viscosa [=Alsinidendron viscosum]No common nameEndangeredYesF
    Sesbania tomentosaOhaiEndangeredNoA
    Silene lanceolataNo common nameEndangeredNoM
    Solanum incompletumPopolo ku maiEndangeredNoA
    Solanum nelsoniiPopoloEndangeredNo——
    Solanum sandwicensePopolo aiakeakuaEndangeredNoE
    Spermolepis hawaiiensisNo common nameEndangeredNoA
    Stenogyne campanulataNo common nameEndangeredYesE
    Stenogyne kealiaeNo common nameEndangeredYes——
    Viola helenaeNo common nameEndangeredYesG
    Viola kauaiensis var. wahiawaensisNani waialealeEndangeredYesF
    Wilkesia hobdyiDwarf iliauEndangeredYesE
    Xylosma crenatumNo common nameEndangeredYesE
    Zanthoxylum hawaiienseAeEndangeredNoK
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    INVERTEBRATES
    Manduca blackburniBlackburn's sphinx mothEndangeredNoN
    Drosophila musaphiliaHawaiian picture-wing flyEndangeredYes——
    Drosophila sharpiHawaiian picture-wing flyEndangeredYes——
    Spelaeorchestia koloanaKauai cave amphipodEndangeredYesO
    Adelocosa anopsKauai cave wolf spiderEndangeredYesO
    Erinna newcombiNewcomb's snailThreatenedYesP
    Megalagrion xanthomelasOrangeblack Hawaiian damselflyEndangeredNo——
    Megalagrion pacificumPacific Hawaiian damselflyEndangeredNo——
    VERTEBRATES
    Himantopus mexicanus knudseniHawaiian stiltEndangeredNoQ
    Oceanodroma castroAkeake, Band-rumped storm-petrel (Hawaii Distinct Population Segment)EndangeredNo——
    Loxops caeruleirostrisAkekee (honeycreeper)EndangeredYes——
    Oreomystis bairdiAkikiki (honeycreeper)EndangeredYesR*
    Fulica alaiAlae keokeo, Hawaiian cootEndangeredNoQ
    Gallinula galeata sandvicensisAlae ula, Hawaiian common gallinuleEndangeredNoQ
    Puffinus newelliAo, Newell's shearwaterEndangeredNoS
    Chelonia mydasGreen turtleThreatenedNoT
    Myadestes myadestinusKamao, large Kauai thrushEndangeredYesR
    Akialoa stejnegeriKauai akialoaEndangeredYesR
    Hemignathus hanapepeKauai nukupuuEndangeredYesR
    Anas wyvillianaKoloa maoli, Hawaiian duckEndangeredNoQ
    Anas laysanensisLaysan duckEndangeredNoU
    Branta sandvicensisNene, Hawaiian gooseEndangeredNoV
    Moho braccatusOo aa, Kauai ooEndangeredYesR
    Lasiurus cinereus semotusOpeapea, Hawaiian hoary batEndangeredNoW
    Psittirostra psittaceaOuEndangeredNoR
    Myadestes palmeriSmall Kauai thrushEndangeredYesR
    Pterodroma sandwichensisHawaiian petrelEndangeredNoS
    A: Recovery Plan for the Multi-Island Plants (FWS 1999)
    B: Addendum to the Recovery Plan for the Multi-Island Plants (FWS 2002)
    C: Final Recovery Plan for Four Species of Hawaiian Ferns (FWS 1998a)
    D: Recovery Plan for the Maui Plant Cluster (FWS 1997)
    E: Recovery Plan for the Kauai Plant Cluster (FWS 1995)
    F: Kauai II: Addendum to the Recovery Plan for the Kauai Plant Cluster (FWS 1998b)
    G: Recovery Plan for the Wahiawa Plant Cluster (FWS 1994)
    H: Recovery Plan for the Oahu Plants (FWS 1998c)
    I: Draft Recovery Plan for Haplostachys haplostachya and Stenogyne angustifolia (FWS 1993)
    J: Recovery Plan for Hibiscadelphus distans (FWS 1996a)
    K: Recovery Plan for the Big Island Plant Cluster (FWS 1996b)
    L: Recovery Plan for Caesalpinia kavaiensis and Kokia drynarioides (FWS 1994)
    M: Recovery plan for the Molokai Plant Cluster (FWS 1996c)
    N: Recovery Plan for Blackburn's Sphinx Moth (FWS 2005)
    O: Final Recovery Plan for the Kauai Cave Arthropods (FWS 2006a)
    P: Final Recovery Plan for Newcomb's Snail (FWS 2006b)
    Q: Recovery Plan for Hawaiian Waterbirds, Second Revision (FWS 2011)
    R: Revised Recovery Plan for Hawaiian Forest Birds (FWS 2006c)
    S: Hawaiian Dark-rumped Petrel and Newell's Manx Shearwater Recovery Plan (FWS 1983)
    T: Recovery Plan for U.S. Pacific Populations of the Green Turtle (NMFS and FWS 1998)
    U: Revised Recovery Plan for the Laysan Duck (FWS 2009)
    V: Draft Revised Recovery Plan for the Nene or Hawaiian Goose (FWS 2004)
    W: Recovery Plan for the Hawaiian Hoary Bat (FWS 1998d)
    *: Addressed only as candidate species.

    Major threats to the various Kauai species addressed in this draft recovery plan include habitat degradation, predation and herbivory by nonnative mammals and invertebrates, disease spread by nonnative species, and competition with invasive nonnative plant species.

    Recovery Plan Goals

    The objective of a recovery plan is to provide a framework for the recovery of a listed species so that protection under the Act is no longer necessary. A recovery plan includes scientific information about the species and provides criteria and actions necessary for us to be able to reclassify the species or remove it from the Federal List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants. Recovery plans help guide our recovery efforts by describing actions we consider necessary for the species' conservation, and by estimating time and costs for implementing needed recovery measures.

    The draft recovery plan recommends a combination of islandwide recovery actions (e.g., biosecurity), management Start Printed Page 23992of ecosystem-level threats within specific geographic management units, and species-specific recovery actions such as propagation and reintroduction.

    Request for Public Comments

    Section 4(f) of the Act requires us to provide public notice and an opportunity for public review and comment during recovery plan development. It is also our policy to request peer review of recovery plans (July 1, 1994; 59 FR 34270). In an appendix to the approved recovery plan, we will summarize and respond to the issues raised by the public and peer reviewers. Substantive comments may or may not result in changes to the recovery plan; comments regarding recovery plan implementation will be forwarded as appropriate to Federal or other entities so that they can be taken into account during the course of implementing recovery actions.

    We request written comments on the draft recovery plan. Before we approve the plan, we will consider all comments we receive by the date specified in DATES. Methods of submitting comments are described in ADDRESSES.

    Public Availability of Comments

    Before including your address, phone number, email address, or other personal identifying information in your comment, you should be aware that your entire comment—including your personal identifying information—may be made publicly available at any time. While you can ask us in your comment to withhold your personal identifying information from public review, we cannot guarantee that we will be able to do so.

    Authority

    The authority for this action is section 4(f) of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.).

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    Mary Abrams,

    Acting Regional Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.

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    [FR Doc. 2020-09177 Filed 4-29-20; 8:45 am]

    BILLING CODE 4333-15-P

Document Information

Published:
04/30/2020
Department:
Fish and Wildlife Service
Entry Type:
Notice
Action:
Notice of document availability for review and public comment.
Document Number:
2020-09177
Dates:
In order to be considered, comments on the draft recovery plan must be received on or before July 29, 2020. However, we will accept information about any species at any time.
Pages:
23988-23992 (5 pages)
Docket Numbers:
FWS-R1-ES-2019-N071, FXES11130100000-190-FF01E00000
PDF File:
2020-09177.pdf