[Federal Register Volume 60, Number 91 (Thursday, May 11, 1995)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 25178-25185]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 95-11538]
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DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
Mineral Management Service
30 CFR Part 250
RIN 1010-AB50
Oil and Gas and Sulphur Operations in the Outer Continental Shelf
AGENCY: Minerals Management Service, Interior.
ACTION: Proposed rule.
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SUMMARY: This proposed rule revises requirements for preventing
hydrogen sulfide (H2S releases and protecting human safety.
Requirements for visual and audible warning systems, personnel
protection, training, H2S and sulphur dioxide (SO2) detection
and monitoring, and H2S flaring are proposed.
DATES: Comments must be received or postmarked no later than July 10,
1995 to be considered in this rulemaking.
ADDRESSES: Comments should be mailed or hand-carried to the Department
of the Interior; Minerals Management Service; Mail Stop 4700; 381 Elden
Street; Herndon, Virginia 22070-4817; Attention: Chief, Engineering and
Standards Branch.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
E.P. Danenberger, telephone (703) 787-1598, or John Mirabella, (703)
787-1600.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Background
On January 19, 1989 (54 FR 2332), the Occupational Safety and
Health Administration (OSHA) published a final rule in the Federal
Register to amend requirements contained in 29 CFR 1910.1000. The
requirements concerned permissible exposure limits (PEL) for 164 toxic
substances that included H2S and SO2. The Minerals Management
Service (MMS) determined that its regulations at Sec. 250.67 should be
revised to be consistent with OSHA's PEL's and published proposed
revisions in the Federal Register on August 15, 1990 (55 FR 33326).
Requirements for training, signs, SO2 sensors, mud sensors, and
materials were also revised or added, and additional information was
requested regarding the calibration frequency of H2S sensors.
A Circuit Court Appeals Action invalidated OSHA's final rule. As a
consequence, OSHA resumed enforcing contaminant exposure limits that
were in effect prior to the issuance of new limits on January 19, 1989.
Because of the extensive revisions resulting from comments to the
proposed rule (published on August 15, 1990), and because of the court
decision on OSHA's 1989 final rule, MMS is re-proposing the rule and
requesting additional comments.
The MMS proposes to retain the H2S concentration level
thresholds similar to those in the current rule. Also, new sections
concerning H2S flaring and SO2 concentration levels have been
added.
The MMS proposes to incorporate the latest editions of the American
National Standards Institute's (ANSI) American National Standard
Practices for Respiratory Protection (ANSI Z88.2-1980) and the National
Association of Corrosion Engineers' (NACE) Standard (MR-01-75),
Recommended Practice (RP), Sulfide Stress Cracking Resistant Metallic
Materials for Oil Field Equipment.
Discussion of Specific Comments
The following comments and responses are grouped by specific
section or paragraph title.
Subpart D--Oil and Gas Drilling Operations
Sec. 250.67(b) Definitions.
Comment: The term ``potentially result in atmospheric
concentrations of 15 ppm or more of H2S'' is vague and the
definition for ``Zones known to contain H2S'' should be limited to
facilities known to contain H2S where atmospheric concentrations
of 10 parts per million (ppm) or more of H2S have been verified.
Response: Because human safety is dependent upon advance
preparation, the definition for zones known to contain H2S must be
based on the potential for a high volume release. Gas with an H2S
concentration of only 20 ppm, if released at a rate of 1,000,000 cubic
feet per day (1,000 MCFD), exposes all personnel within 24 feet to
concentrations of 20 ppm (Pasquill-Gifford dispersion equation using
wind speed of 1 mile per hour). Therefore, the definition encompasses
most H2S-bearing zones which could flow in volumes of 1,000 MCFD
or more.
The 15-ppm concentration mentioned in the above comment has been
changed to 20 ppm, as currently required in the regulations.
Sec. 250.67(c) Request for classification of probability of
encountering H2S during operations.
Comment: The definition of ``Zones where the absence of H2S
has been confirmed,'' should recognize the possibility of H2S
being generated as a result of water flooding.
Response: The MMS agrees that H2S could be generated during
production operations in the initial stages of a new water flood
project. Paragraph (c) is amended to require a reclassification when
new data indicate the presence of H2S.
Sec. 250.67(e) Drilling and well-completion operations in zones where
the presence of H2S is unknown.
Comment: The first sentence of Sec. 250.67(e) should be revised to
require compliance with well-control fluid provisions in zones where
the presence of H2S is unknown.
Response: The MMS agrees with this suggestion. Compliance with the
fluid program requirements of paragraph (i) in an unknown area would
enable the operator to safely continue operations if H2S is
encountered. The title and text of paragraph (e) have been revised
accordingly.
Sec. 250.67(h)(1) H2S Contingency Plan.
Comment: Two commenters suggested a requirement for H2S-
detection, monitoring, and alarm systems on vessels attendant to a
facility. Hydrogen sulfide is heavier than air and tends to settle and
accumulate in lower areas. The commenters are concerned that horns and
lights from a production platform may be insufficient to warn a vessel
tied up below the platform or that gas might accumulate at the vessel
rather than the producing facility.
Response: The MMS agrees that a low volume, low-concentration
release of H2S might migrate down to a vessel moored on the
leeward side of the facility and be detected on the vessel before the
platform. The need for H2S sensors on attendant vessels depends on
the positioning procedures described in the Contingency Plan.
Requirements for sensors are specified in Sec. 250.67(h)(6) H2S-
detection and H2S-monitoring equipment (formerly paragraph
(h)(5)). A new paragraph (h)(6)(v) has been added to require H2S-
detection systems on certain vessels attendant to facilitates.
During a recent drilling operation, it was necessary to divert gas
containing H2S. Personnel from platforms as far away as 12 miles
had to be evacuated. This incident identified the importance of
notifying nearby manned facilities. The MMS has proposed to require
lists [[Page 25179]] of facilities to be notified in case of a release
of H2S.
Comment: Six organizations commented on the proposed new paragraph
(h)(1) (viii) and (ix) that addresses the toxic hazard of SO2, a
gas produced when H2S is ignited. The commenters suggested
clarification of the term ``portable monitors'' and the monitoring
procedures.
Response: The proposed rule allows the use of portable equipment to
monitor personnel exposure to SO2 when H2S is intentionally
or accidentally burned. The MMS recognizes that operators may choose
the use permanent SO2 detectors to monitor flares.
Other commenters suggested that the rule might be interpreted to
require continuous monitoring of the SO2. The MMS recognizes that
the irritating odor of SO2 warns personnel about its presence. The
purpose of the requirement is to have a means of measuring the
concentration to determine if PEL's are exceeded. The MMS has clarified
the requirement in new paragraphs (h)(1)(xi) (C) and (D).
New paragraph (h)(1)(xi).
The MMS has determined that the current regulations at 30 CFR
250.67 and 250.175 do not clearly address the flaring of gas containing
H2S. Therefore, a new paragraph has been added to require that the
H2S Contingency Plan described the operational conditions during
which gas containing H2S could be flared, estimate the maximum gas
flow rate, H2S concentration and duration of flaring, assess the
risks to personnel, and identify the precautionary measures to be
taken.
Sec. 250.67(h)(2) Training Program.
Comment: New training requirements are not needed unless there is
some specific reason for increased training.
Response: The proposed requirements do not include additional
training requirements. In fact, the requirement for training has been
reduced from a training session upon arrival and every subsequent 7-day
period, to an initial training session repeated annually.
Comment: The proposed definition of a ``visitor'' implies that
anyone remaining onboard overnight would be subject to annual H2S
training certification requirements. The commenter's opinion was that
the proposed briefing is adequate for all visitors whether or not they
depart the day of arrival.
Response: Any person who remains at a facility for an extended
period (i.e., overnight) should be fully trained in the hazards of
H2S and the provisions for personnel protection.
Comment: Visitors should be properly trained in the use of the type
of respirator available on the facility.
Response: The MMS agrees. Language has been added to require that
visitors be given a hands-on demonstration and practice in donning and
adjusting the assigned respirator.
Comment: Visitors not temporarily or permanently employed at the
facility should not be required to receive the full H2S training
required for operator and contract personnel.
Response: This paragraph was received to clarify that visitors who
do not remain overnight need only receive abbreviated training outlined
in the paragraph. However, visitors who do remain overnight will be
required to receive full H2S training.
Comment: Commenters on Sec. 250.67(h)(2)(iv) stated that OSHA plans
to withdraw the restriction on wearing contact lenses with a respirator
(29 CFR 1910.134(e)(5)(ii)) and recommended investigating this proposed
change and amending MMS requirement for consistency with the OSHA
requirement.
Response: The MMS is aware that OSHA has considered withdrawing the
restriction on wearing contact lenses with a respirator. If OSHA
publishes final revisions of this requirement, MMS will consider
revising its requirement accordingly.
Comment: The requirement of Sec. 250.67(h)(2)(v)(B) for three
resuscitators could be reduced for platforms having fewer than three
people onboard.
Response: Facilities that are manned for 24 hours per day will
normally have more than three people onboard, and visits to unmanned
facilities usually involve several people. Therefore, the proposed
requirement was not changed.
Sec. 250.67(h)(3) Drills.
Comment: The requirement for a drill within 24 hours after duty
begins and once during every subsequent 7-day period is excessive and
should be reduced.
Response: This is an existing requirement that has been
successfully implemented in the field. Contract personnel may only be
on the platform for a few days. The proposed requirement ensures that
they receive the benefit of regular drills. Further, the weekly
training requirement was eliminated with the understanding that each
employee would be participating in a weekly drill.
Sec. 250.67(h)(4) Visual warning system (formerly paragraph (h)(3)).
Comment: This paragraph was not initially proposed for revision,
but two commenters recommended that operators be allowed to display
colored lights as visual warning signs for H2S.
Response: The revised rule permits electronic systems that alert
vessels and clearly explain the danger.
Comment: Four organizations claimed that it is not possible to put
the wording ``Danger-Poisonous Gas-Hydrogen Sulfide'' in 12-inch-high
letters on a 4-foot x 8-foot sign and still have room for the wording
about the red warning flags.
Response: The MMS now proposes wording painted in the following
format on a sign 14.5 feet wide and 6 feet high:
In 12-inch-high letters:
DANGER
POISONOUS GAS
HYDROGEN SULFIDE
and in 7-inch-high letters:
DO NOT APPROACH IF RED FLAG IS FLYING.
According to the Virginia Department of Transportation's highway
sign standard, 1 inch of letter height is required for each 50 feet of
safe reading distance; therefore, the 12-inch-high letters could be
safely read from a distance of 200 yards, and the 7-inch-high letters
could be safely read from a distance of 116 yards. The MMS considers
these distances to be sufficient for helicopter and vessel pilots to
read, heed, and change course.
The revised paragraph also provides the option of supplementing
existing signs, thereby saving the operator the expense of replacement
or repainting.
Comment: Exceptions to paragraph (h)(4)(ii)(D) should be allowed
for the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) approved safety zones since the signs
would be unreadable from vessels outside these safety zones.
Response: The intent of the proposed sign requirement is to warn
all types of craft, including private and commercial fishing boats and
vessels attendant to the facility, of the potentially toxic hazards.
The USCG approved safety zones are designed to prevent collisions of
large vessels with platforms and are not usually applicable to vessels
attendant to the facility or vessels under 100 feet in length.
Sec. 250.67(h)(5) Audible warning system (formerly paragraph (h)(4)).
Comment: Seven commenters suggested working changes to make it
clear that the monitoring equipment shall be capable of activating
alarms.
Response: The MMS agrees and has revised paragraph (h)(5)
accordingly. [[Page 25180]]
Sec. 250.67(h)(6) H2S-detection and H2S-monitoring equipment
(formerly paragraph (h)(5)).
Comment: Add the mud-return receiver tank (possum belly) and pipe-
trip tank to the list of specified areas where atmospheric H2S
sensors are required (paragraph (h)(6)(i)) because the potential for
the release of H2S is high at both of these places during
drilling, well-completion, or well-workover operations.
Response: The MMS agrees and has added those areas to the list of
H2S sensing points.
Comment: Five commenters disagreed with the provision in (h)(6)(i)
that allows the substitution of an in-the-mud sensor for the air sensor
required at the bell nipple. Two commenters supported the supplemental
use of in-the-mud sensors. One commenter suggested the deletion of the
provision that allows the District Supervisor discretion to require an
in-the-mud sensor at the bell nipple if the air sensor at that location
is habitually inoperative.
Response: The purpose of an in-the-mud sensor in the mud-return
line receiver tank is to detect the potential for H2S release, so
that corrective action can be taken. Further, an in-the-mud sensor may
be necessary if the air sensors at the nipple are subject to
contamination by splashed mud and rig floor washwater.
However, the air sensor at the bell nipple is necessary when the
mud-return line receiver tank is bypassed. This is a common occurrence
when tripping drill pipe. Therefore, proposed paragraph (h)(6)(i) only
provides for the supplementary use of in-the-mud sensors and authorizes
the District Supervisor to require such devices where the performance
of ambient air sensors has not been satisfactory.
Sec. 250.67(h)(6)(ii) (new paragraph).
Comment: Requirements for H2S sensors on production facilities
in proposed paragraph (h)(6)(i) are vague, and MMS should incorporate
the sensor location guidelines contained in the latest draft of the
American petroleum Institute's (API) RP for Analysis, Design,
Installation and Testing of Basic Surface Safety Systems for Offshore
Production Platforms, API RP 14C.
Response: The MMS agrees. A new paragraph (h)(1)(x) provides for a
drawing (in the H2S Contingency Plan) showing vessels, wellheads,
and other H2S handling equipment. New paragraph (h)(6)(ii) lists
the locations for the sensors required on production facilities.
Sec. 250.67(h)(6)(iii) (formerly (h)(5)(ii)).
Comment: Twelve commenters suggested a reduction in the calibration
frequency and the use of functional tests to determine when re-
calibration is required. None presented any data to support their
contention. One commenter suggested that daily functional testing begin
when the drill bit is 1,500 feet above the potential H2S zone.
Response: The proposed rule combines the suggestions of H2S
specialists and a functional test requirement specified in the
Instrument Society of America's (ISA) RP, Installation, Operation, and
Maintenance of Hydrogen Sulfide Detection Instruments, ISA-RP 12.15,
Part II-1990. The revision proposes a reduction in function testing and
calibration frequencies while authorizing the District Supervisor to
require more frequent testing when warranted.
Sec. 250.67(h)(6)(iv) (formerly (h)(5)(iii)).
Comment: The term ``H2S-detection ampoules'' is ambiguous and
trade restrictive.
Response: The MMS agrees and has revised the proposal to require
``portable H2S-detection devices.''
Because employees entering an area will be exposed to danger before
they can use a portable device, the proposed rule does not allow
operators to use portable devices to monitor poorly ventilated areas.
Proposed paragraphs (h)(6) (i) and (ii) address areas where H2S
may accumulate and requires fixed sensors. Portable devices may be used
in other instances such as when the lessee needs to monitor H2S in
nearby facilities.
Sec. 250.67(h)(7) SO2-detection and SO2-monitoring equipment
(new paragraph (h)(7)).
Comment: Operators should have the option to use portable or fixed
SO2 monitors to monitor air quality while burning gas containing
H2S.
Another commenter recommended that monitors be capable of detecting
a minimum of 2 ppm of SO2, and that, in lieu of prescribed
emergency actions, personnel protection measures should follow the
operator's approved Contingency Plan.
Response: These comments were adopted.
Sec. 250.67(h)(8)(i) (formerly paragraph (h)(6)(i)).
Comment: Require pressure-demand-type respirators with hoseline
capability and a specified self-contained breathing time.
Response: The MMS agrees. The proposal requires compliance with
ANSI's Z88.2, Practices for Respiratory Protection, which allows use of
several types of respirators. The first sentence has been revised to
require that all respirators have hoseline capability and nominal
breathing time of at least 15 minutes.
Comment: A specified number of spectacle kits and voice-
transmission devices suitable for use with breathing apparatus should
be required.
Response: The MMS agrees and proposes that at least two voice
transmission devices be available. The requirement for spectacle kits
remains ``as needed'' depending on the number of crew members and
potential visitors wearing glasses.
Sec. 250.67(h)(11) Notification of regulatory agencies (formerly
paragraph (h)(9)).
Comment: Clarify reporting for releases of H2S to the USCG and
MMS so that routine releases associated with testing, repair, or
maintenance of equipment need not be reported.
Response: The MMS has revised paragraph (h)(11) to limit reporting
requirements for low-level releases. We have also deleted the
requirement for reporting to the USCG because a Memorandum of
Understanding between MMS and USCG assigns MMS lead responsibility for
H2S control equipment, gas detection systems, and personnel
protection. The MMS will notify the USCG as soon as a potentially
hazardous H2S release has been reported.
Sec. 250.67(l) Metallurgical properties of equipment for use in a zone
known to contain H2S--(1) General provisions.
Comment: Analyses of failure modes should be done for all
materials--not only ones requiring approval under the NACE Standard MR-
01-75.
Response: The MMS agrees and has revised paragraph (l)(1) in
Sec. 250.67.
Sec. 250.67(1)(6) Welding.
Comment: Clarify that the welding requirement is applicable to
production facilities.
Response: The MMS agrees and has revised and retitled paragraph
(l)(6).
Subpart K--Oil and Gas Production Rates
Sec. 250.175 Flaring and venting of gas.
New paragraph (d).
For safety and emission control purposes, the Regional Supervisor
is authorized to restrict the routine flaring of H2S. A monthly
report of volumes flared and H2S concentrations is
required. [[Page 25181]]
Authors
The principal authors of this proposed rule are E.P. Danenberger
and Lloyd M. Tracey, Engineering and Technology Division, MMS.
Executive Order (E.O.) 12866
This rule was reviewed under E.O. 12866. The rule was determined
not to be a significant rule under the criteria of E.O. 12866 and was,
therefore, not reviewed by the Office of Management and Budget. (OMB).
Regulatory Flexibility Act
The Department of the Interior (DOI) has also determined that this
proposed rule will not have a significant economic effect on a
substantial number of small entities because, in general, the entities
that engage in activities offshore are not considered small due to the
technical complexities and financial resources necessary to conduct
such activities.
Paperwork Reduction Act
This proposed rule adds new information collection requirements to
subparts D and K. The information collection requirements contained in
this rule have been submitted to OMB for approval as required by the
Paperwork Reduction Act (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.). The collection of
this information will not be required until it has been approved by
OMB. Public reporting burden for the H2S information collection
requirements contained in subparts D and K are estimated to average 12
hours and 1 hour per response, respectively, including the time for
reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and
maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the
collection of information. Send comments regarding these burden
estimates or any other aspect of this collection of information,
including suggestions for reducing the burden, to the Information
Collection Clearance Officer; Minerals Management Service; Mail Stop
2053, 381 Elden Street; Herndon, Virginia 22070-4817, and the Office of
Management and Budget; Paperwork Reduction Project (1010-0053) for
subpart D and (1010-0041) for subpart K; Washington, DC 20503,
telephone (202) 395-7340.
Takings Implication Assessment
The DOI certifies that the proposed rule does not represent a
governmental action capable of interference with constitutionally
protected property rights. Thus, a Takings Implication Assessment need
not be prepared pursuant to E.O. 12630, Government Action and
Interference with Constitutionally Protected Property Rights.
E.O. 12778
The DOI has certified to OMB that this proposed rule meets the
applicable civil justice reform standards provided in sections 2(a) and
2(b)(2) of E.O. 12778.
National Environmental Policy Act
The DOI has determined that this action does not constitute a major
Federal action significantly affecting the quality of the human
environment; therefore, preparation of an Environmental Impact
Statement is not required.
List of Subjects in 30 CFR Part 250
Continental shelf, Environmental impact statements, Environmental
protection, Government contracts, Incorporation by reference,
Investigations, Mineral royalties, Oil and gas development and
production, Oil and gas exploration, Oil and gas reserves, Penalties,
Pipelines, Public lands-mineral resources, Public lands--rights-of-way,
Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, Sulphur development and
production, Sulphur exploration, Surety bonds.
Dated: March 21, 1995.
Bob Armstrong,
Assistant Secretary, Land and Minerals Management.
For the reasons set forth in the preamble, 30 CFR part 250 is
proposed to be amended as follows:
PART 250--OIL AND GAS AND SULPHUR OPERATIONS IN THE OUTER
CONTINENTAL SHELF
1. The authority citation for part 250 continues to read as
follows:
Authority: 43 U.S.C. 1334.
2. In Sec. 250.1, paragraphs (c)(7) and (g)(1) are revised as
follows:
Sec. 250.1 Documents incorporated by reference.
* * * * *
(c) * * *
(7) ANSI Z88.2-1992, Practices for Respiratory Protection,
Incorporated by Reference at: Sec. 250.67(h)(2)(iv) and (h)(6)(i).
* * * * *
(g) * * *
(1) NACE Standard MR-01-92, Recommended Practice, Sulfide Stress
Cracking Resistant Metallic Materials for Oil Field Equipment,
January 1992, Incorporated by Reference at: Sec. 250.67(1)(3).
* * * * *
3. In Sec. 250.2, Definitions, revise the definition Zones known to
contain (H2S) and in the definition Zones where the absence of
H2S has been confirmed, revise paragraph (1), remove paragraph
(2), and redesignate paragraph (3) as paragraph (2) to read as follows:
Sec. 250.2 Definitions.
* * * * *
Zones known to contain H2S means geologic formations where
prior drilling, logging, coring, testing, or producing operations have
confirmed the presence of H2S in concentrations and volumes that
could potentially result in atmospheric concentrations of 20 parts per
million (ppm) or more of H2S.
Zones where the absence of H2S has been confirmed means one of
the following: (1) Geologic formations where prior drilling, logging,
coring, testing, or producing operations have confirmed the absence of
H2S in concentrations and volumes that could potentially result in
atmospheric concentrations of 20 ppm or more of H2S,
* * * * *
4. In Sec. 250.67(b), revise the definition Zones known to contain
H2S and in the definition Zones where the absence of H2S has
been confirmed revise paragraph (1), remove paragraph (2), and
redesignate paragraph (3) as paragraph (2) to read as follows:
Sec. 250.67 Hydrogen sulfide.
* * * * *
(b) * * *
Zones known to contain H2S means geologic formations where
prior drilling, logging, coring, testing, or producing operations have
confirmed the presence of H2S in concentrations and volumes that
could potentially result in atmospheric concentrations of 20 ppm or
more of H2S.
Zones where the absence of H2S has been confirmed means one of
the following: (1) Geologic formations where prior drilling, logging,
coring, testing, or producing operations have confirmed the absence of
H2S in concentrations and volumes that could potentially result in
atmospheric concentrations of 20 ppm or more of H2S;
* * * * *
5-8. In Sec. 250.67, revise paragraphs (c) through (f) to read as
follows:
(c) Requirement for classification or reclassification of
probability of encountering H2S during operations. The lessee
shall:
(1) Obtain an approved classification for the area from the
Regional Supervisor before beginning operations. Classifications are:
(i) ``Zones known to contain H2S'';
(ii) ``Zones where the presence of H2S is unknown'';
or [[Page 25182]]
(iii) ``Zones where the absence of H2S has been confirmed.''
(2) Submit a request for reclassification of a zone when additional
data indicate a different classification is needed.
(d) Requirements for drilling, well-completion, and well-workover
operations in zones known to contain H2S. The lessee shall comply
with paragraphs (d), (h), (i), (j), (k), (l) (1) through (5), and (m)
(1) through (13) of this section.
(e) Requirements for drilling and well-completion operations in
zones where the presence of H2S is unknown. The lessee shall
comply with paragraphs (h) and (i) of this section. If H2S is
encountered that could potentially result in atmospheric concentrations
of 20 ppm or more of H2S, the lessee shall follow requirements of
paragraph (d) of this section.
(f) Requirements for production operations in zones known to
contain H2S. Lessee shall comply with the requirements in
paragraphs (h), (l) (1) through (6), and (m) (7) through (15) of this
section.
* * * * *
9. In Sec. 250.67(h), revise paragraphs (h)(1) (iii) through (v),
redesignate paragraph (h)(1)(vi) as paragraph (h)(1)(viii), and revise
redesignated paragraph (h)(1)(viii); redesignate (h)(1)(vii) as
paragraph (h)(1)(ix) and add new paragraphs (h)(1) (vi), (vii), (x),
and (xi); revise paragraph (h)(2); redesignate paragraph (h)(3) as
paragraph (h)(4) and revise redesignated paragraphs (h)(4)(ii) (A),
(D), and (E); add new paragraph (h)(3); redesignate paragraph (h)(4) as
paragraph (h)(5) and revise redesignated paragraph (h)(5); redesignate
paragraph (h)(5) as paragraph (h)(6) and revise redesignated paragraph
(h)(6); redesignate paragraph (h)(6) as paragraph (h)(8) and revise
redesignated paragraphs (h)(8) (i) and (v); redesignate paragraph
(h)(7) as paragraph (h)(9) and revise redesignated paragraph (h)(9)(v);
add new paragraph (h)(7); redesignate paragraph (h)(8) as paragraph
(h)(10); redesignate paragraph (h)(9) as paragraph (h)(11) and revise
it.
Sec. 250.67 Hydrogen sulfide.
* * * * *
(h) * * *
(1) * * *
(iii) Duties, responsibilities, and operating procedures to be
initiated when the concentration of H2S in the atmosphere reaches
20 ppm. Include a description of the audible and visual alarms to be
activated.
(iv) Designation of briefing areas for assembly of personnel during
an H2S alert. At least two briefing areas shall be established on
each facility. The briefing area that is upwind of the H2S source
at any given time shall be the designated briefing area.
(v) Procedures for the deboarding and safe evacuation of all
personnel from the facility by vessel, capsule, or lifeboat. If
helicopters are to be used during H2S alerts, include a
description of the types of H2S emergencies during which the risk
of helicopter activity is deemed acceptable and the precautions during
such flights.
(vi) Procedures for the safe positioning of all vessels attendant
to the facility (including their location with respect to wind
direction and distance from the facility) and for emergency relocation.
(vii) Procedures for providing protective-breathing equipment for
all personnel, including contractors and visitors.
(viii) A list of agencies and facilities to be notified in case of
a release of H2S and the procedure for notification. Include the
identification and telephone numbers of all facilities that might be
exposed to atmospheric concentrations of 20 ppm or more of H2S.
* * * * *
(x) For production facilities producing gas containing 20 ppm or
more of H2S, an ``H2S Detector Location Drawing'' showing the
following:
(A) All vessels, flare outlets, wellheads, and other equipment
handling production containing H2S;
(B) The approximate maximum concentration of H2S in the gas
stream; and
(C) The location of all H2S sensors required by paragraph
(h)(6)(ii) of this section.
(xi) The H2S Contingency Plan shall describe the operational
conditions during which gas containing H2S would be flared,
estimate the maximum gas flow rates, H2S concentrations and
duration of flaring, assess the risks to personnel, and identify the
precautionary measures to be taken. The precautions shall include:
(A) Primary and alternate methods for igniting the flare and
procedures for sustaining ignition and monitoring the status of the
flare (i.e., ignited or extinguished).
(B) Procedures for shutting off flow to the flare in the event the
flare is accidentally or intentionally extinguished.
(C) A complete description of portable or fixed sulphur dioxide
(SO2)-detection system(s) to be used to determine the SO2
concentration and personnel exposure hazard when gas containing
H2S is burned.
(D) A description of the increased monitoring and warning
procedures to be taken when the SO2 concentration in the
atmosphere reaches 2 ppm and personnel protection measures or
evacuation procedures to be initiated when the SO2 concentration
in the atmosphere reaches 5 ppm.
(2) Training program. All operator and contract personnel shall
complete an H2S training program, as described in the operator's
approved H2S Contingency Plan, before beginning work at an Outer
Continental Shelf facility. Maintain written documentation of this
training at the facility where the individual is employed.
Alternatively, the employee may carry a training completion card. The
H2S training program described below shall be repeated within 1
year after completion of the previous class. Employees or contractors
transferred to another facility shall attend a supplemental briefing on
H2S equipment and procedures at that facility before beginning
duty. Visitors who will remain on the facility overnight shall receive
the training described in this paragraph. Visitors who will depart on
the day of arrival are exempt from the training described in this
paragraph, but they shall, upon arrival, complete an abbreviated
training program that includes the following: Information on the
location and use of an assigned respirator; practice in donning and
adjusting the assigned respirator; information on the safe briefing
areas, alarm system, and hazards of H2S and SO2; and
instructions on their responsibilities in the event of an H2S
release. Safety information shall be prominently posted on the facility
and on vessels serving the facility. The training program shall include
the following:
(i) Instruction on the hazards of H2S and SO2 and the
provisions for personnel safety contained in the H2S Contingency
Plan.
(ii) Instruction in the proper use of safety equipment which the
employee may be required to use.
(iii) Information on the location of protective-breathing
equipment, H2S detectors and alarms, ventilation equipment,
briefing areas, warning systems, evacuation procedures, and the
direction of the prevailing winds.
(iv) Restrictions and corrective measures concerning beards,
spectacles, and contact lenses in conformance with ANSI's Practices for
Respiratory Protection (ANSI Z88.2).
(v) Instruction in basic first-aid procedures applicable to victims
of H2S exposure. During all drills and training sessions, the
lessee shall address procedures for rescue and first aid for H2S
victims. Lessee shall have readily [[Page 25183]] available on each
facility, and instruct personnel as to the location and use of, the
following equipment:
(A) A first-aid kit of appropriate size and content for the number
of personnel on the facility;
(B) At least three resuscitators complete with face masks, oxygen
bottles, and spare oxygen bottles; and
(C) At least one litter or an equivalent device.
(vi) Information on the meaning of all warning signals.
(3) Drills. Conduct a drill for each person at the facility within
24 hours after duty begins and at least once during every subsequent 7-
day period. At least monthly, a discussion of drill performance, new
H2S considerations at the facility, and other updated H2S
information shall be topics at facility safety meetings. Keep records
of attendance for drilling, well-completion, and well-workover
operations at the facility until operations are completed. Keep records
of attendance for production operations at the facility or at the
nearest field office for 1 year.
(4) * * *
(ii) * * *
(A) Each sign shall be a high-visibility yellow color with black
lettering of a minimum of 12 inches in height reading as follows:
DANGER
POISONOUS GAS
HYDROGEN SULFIDE
and in lettering of a minimum of 7 inches in height:
DO NOT APPROACH IF RED FLAG IS FLYING
Existing signs containing the words ``Danger-Hydrogen Sulfide-
H2S'' are acceptable provided the words ``POISONOUS GAS'' and ``DO
NOT APPROACH IF RED FLAG IS FLYING'' in lettering of a minimum of 7
inches in height are displayed on a sign immediately adjacent to the
existing sign.
* * * * *
(D) When the atmospheric concentration of H2S reaches 20 ppm,
display signs and flags and activate visual and audible alarms.
(E) Display warning signs required under paragraph (h)(4)(ii)(A) of
this section at all times on facilities with wells capable of producing
H2S and on facilities which process gas containing H2S.
* * * * *
(5) Audible warning system. Install a public address system and a
siren, horn, or other similar warning devices with a unique sound used
only for H2S warnings. The warning devices (audible and visual)
shall be suitable for the electrical classification of the area and
shall be activated by the H2S-detection system when the
concentration of H2S in the atmosphere reaches 20 ppm. When the
warning devices are activated, the designated responsible persons shall
inform personnel of the level of danger and issue instructions on the
initiation of appropriate protective measures.
(6) H2S-detection and H2S-monitoring equipment. (1) Each
facility shall have an H2S-detection system that activates audible
and visual alarms when the concentration of H2S in the atmosphere
reaches 20 ppm. The detection systems shall be capable of sensing a
minimum of 10 ppm of H2S in the atmosphere. For drilling, well-
completion, and well-workover operations, sensors shall be located at
the bell nipple, mud-return line receiver tank (possum belly), pipe-
trip tank, shale shaker, well-control fluid pit area, driller's
station, living quarters, and all other areas where H2S may
accumulate. H2S-detection systems that measure hydrogen-ion (pH)
and hydrosulfide-ion (HS) and sulfide-ion (S=) concentrations in
the mud and calculate and display the theoretical concentration of
H2S that could exist in the air above the mud may be used in
water-based muds to supplement the required in-the-air sensors. The
District Supervisor may require such a mud sensor to be utilized in the
mud-return line receiver tank (possum belly) in cases where the ambient
air sensors in the mud-return system do not consistently and accurately
detect the presence of H2S.
(ii) On production facilities, locate H2S detection sensors as
follows:
(A) At least one sensor per 400 square feet of deck area or
fractional part thereof, in rooms, buildings, or deck areas where
atmospheric concentrations of H2S could reach 20 ppm or more.
(B) In buildings where personnel regularly or occasionally sleep
and on a platform where gas containing H2S of 20 ppm or greater is
produced, processed, or otherwise handled.
(C) Within 10 feet of all vessels, compressors, wellheads,
manifolds, and pumps that could release H2S in volumes and
concentrations sufficient to result in atmospheric concentrations of 20
ppm of H2S at a distance of 10 feet. These sensor locations shall
be depicted in the ``H2S Detector Location Drawing'' required by
paragraph (h)(1)(x) of this section. One sensor may be utilized to
detect H2S around multiple pieces of equipment, provided the
sensor is located no more than 10 feet from each piece. Monitor
compressors exceeding 50 horse power with at least two sensors. Wells
shut in at the master valve and sealed closed are exempt. Consider the
location of piping system fittings, flanges, valves, and other devices
subject to leaks to the atmosphere in determining the placement of
sensors. Also consider design factors, such as the type of decking and
the location of fire walls, in the placement of sensors.
(iii)(A) Functionally test the H2S-detection and H2S-
monitoring equipment with a known concentration in the range of 10 to
30 ppm of H2S at least once every 24 hours when conducting
drilling, drill stem testing, well-completion, and/or well-workover
operations in wells in areas classified as zones where the presence of
H2S is unknown or known. When drilling, begin functional testing
before the bit is 1,500 feet (vertically) above a potential H2S
zone.
(B) Functionally test the H2S detectors and monitors for
production operations with a known concentration in the range of 10 to
30 ppm of H2S at a frequency such that no more than 14 days shall
elapse between functional tests.
(C) If the results of any functional test are not within 2 ppm or
10 percent, whichever is greater, of the applied concentration,
recalibrate the instrument. The functional tests and calibrations shall
be conducted by personnel trained to calibrate the particular H2S-
detector and H2S-monitoring equipment being used. Maintain records
of testing and calibration results at the facility to show the present
status and history of each device, including dates and details of
installation, removal, inspection, testing, repairing, adjustments, and
reinstallation. Record dates of testing and calibrations in the
drilling or production operations report, as applicable. Records shall
be available for inspection by MMS personnel. When equipment requires
recalibration as a result of two consecutive functional tests, the
District Supervisor may require the H2S-detection and H2S-
monitoring equipment to be functionally tested and calibrated more
frequently.
(iv) Portable H2S-detection devices capable of detecting a 10-
ppm concentration of H2S in the air shall be available for use by
all personnel.
(v) Lessee shall equip attendant vessels that are stationed
overnight alongside facilities where the presence of H2S is known
or unknown with an H2S-detection system that activates audible and
visual alarms when the concentration of H2S in the atmosphere
reaches 20 ppm. The detection system shall be capable of sensing a
minimum 10 ppm of H2S in the atmosphere with at least one sensing
point in the crew [[Page 25184]] quarters. This requirement is not
applicable to attendant vessels that, in accordance with the
positioning procedure described in the approved H2S Contingency
Plan required by paragraph (h)(1)(vi) of this section, are positioned
upwind and at a safe distance from the facility.
(vi) The District Supervisor may require the lessee to equip nearby
facilities with portable or fixed H2S detector(s). These detectors
shall be tested and calibrated in accordance with paragraph (h)(6)(iii)
of this section.
(7) SO2-detection and SO2-monitoring equipment. If gas
containing H2S is accidentally or intentionally burned, the
operator shall monitor the SO2 concentration in the air with
portable or strategically placed fixed devices capable of detecting a
minimum of 2 ppm of SO2. Reading shall be taken at least hourly
and at any time personnel detect SO2 odor or nasal irritation. The
District Supervisory may waive the monitoring requirements of this
paragraph provided sufficient engineering controls, such as ventilation
systems and multiple flare booms or elevated flare booms, are utilized
to effectively minimize or eliminate the hazards associated with
SO2. If the SO2 concentration in the work areas reaches 2
ppm, the personnel protective measures specified in the H2S
Contingency Plan shall be implemented. If fixed or portable electronic
sensing devices are used, these devices shall be calibrated every 3
months. If length of stain gas detector tub type detectors are sued,
the sensing date shall not exceed the expiration dates for the tubes
used.
(8) * * *
(i) Personnel, including contractors and visitors on a facility
operating in a zone known to contain H2S or a zone where the
presence of H2S of unknown, shall have immediate access to self-
contained pressure-demand-type respirators with hoseline capability and
a nominal breathing time of at least 15 minutes, The design, selection,
use, and maintenance of these respirators shall conform to ANSI Z88.2,
Practices for Respiratory Protection. At least two voice-transmission
devices, which can be used while wearing a respirator, shall be
available for use by designated key personnel. Spectacle kits shall be
made available as needed.
* * * * *
(v) Helicopter flights to and from facilities during H2S
alerts shall be limited to the conditions specified in the H2S
Contingency Plan. During authorized flights, pressure-demand-type
respirators shall be utilized as required by the plan. All members of
flight crews shall be trained in the use of the particular type(s) of
respirator equipment made available.
* * * * *
(9) * * *
(v) At least three resuscitators.
* * * * *
(11) Notification of regulatory agencies. The lessee shall notify
MMS without delay in the event of a gas release which results in a 15-
minute time weighted average (TWA) atmospheric concentration of
H2S anywhere on the facility of 20 ppm or more.
10. In Sec. 250.67(i), revise the title of paragraph (i) and revise
paragraphs (i)(1), (i)(2), and (i)(3)(i) to read as follows:
Sec. 250.67 Hydrogen sulfide.
* * * * *
(i) Drilling, completion, and workover fluids program when
operating in a zone known to contain H2S or a zone where the
presence of H2S is unknown.--(1) Well-control fluid base. Lessee
may use either water- or oil-base muds in accordance with
Sec. 250.40(b)(1).
(2) Well-control fluid testing. If water-base, well-control fluids
are used, and if H2S is detected by ambient air sensors, either
the Garrett-Gas-Train test or a comparable test for soluble sulfides
shall be conducted immediately to confirm the presence of H2S. If
the concentration detected by air sensors is in excess of 20 ppm,
personnel conducting the test shall don protective-breathing equipment
conforming to paragraph (h)(8)(i) of this section.
(3) * * *
(i) Scavengers. Scavengers for control of H2S shall be
available on the facility. When H2S is detected, scavengers shall
be added as needed. Drilling shall be suspended until the scavenger is
circulated throughout the system.
* * * * *
11. In Sec. 250.67(k), revise paragraph (k)(3) to read as follows:
Sec. 250.67 Hydrogen sulfide.
* * * * *
(k) * * *
(3) All produced gases shall be burned through a flare which meets
the requirements of paragraph (m)(7) of this section. Prior to flaring
gas containing H2S, the lessee shall activate SO2 monitoring
equipment in accordance with paragraph (h)(7) of this section. If
SO2 in excess of 2 ppm is detected, the lessee shall implement the
personnel protective measures required by the H2S Contingency Plan
specifications of paragraph (h)(1)(xi)(D) of this section. The flaring
of well test gas is also subject to the requirement of Sec. 250.175.
Gases from stored test fluids shall be piped into the flare outlet and
burned.
* * * * *
12. In Sec. 250.67(1), revise paragraphs (l)(1) and (l) (2) and the
title and text of paragraph (l)(6) to read as follows:
Sec. 250.67 Hydrogen sulfide.
* * * * *
(l) Metallurgical properties of equipment for use in a zone known
to contain H2S--(1) General provisions. Equipment used in H2S
environments shall be constructed of materials with metallurgical
properties that resist or prevent sulfide stress cracking (also known
as hydrogen embrittlement, stress corrosion cracking, or H2S
embrittlement) chloride-stress cracking, hydrogen-induced cracking, and
other failure modes.
(2) Tubulars and other equipment. Tubulars and other equipment,
casing, tubing, drill pipe, couplings, flanges, and related equipment
shall be designed for H2S service.
* * * * *
(6) Welding. The lessee shall keep the use of welding to a minimum
during the installation or modification of a production facility.
Welding shall be done in a manner that ensures resistance to sulfide
stress cracking.
* * * * *
13. In Sec. 250.67(m), revise paragraphs (m) (1), (4), and (13) to
read as follows:
Sec. 250.67 Hydrogen sulfide.
* * * * *
(m) * * *
(1) Additional precautions after penetration of an H2S-bearing
zone. In addition to the monitoring requirements in paragraph (h)(6)(i)
of this section, continuously observe the H2S levels indicated by
the monitors in the work areas during the following operations:
* * * * *
(4) Stripping operations. Personnel shall monitor displaced well-
control fluid returns and wear protective-breathing equipment in the
working area when the atmospheric concentration of the H2S reaches
20 ppm or if the well is under pressure.
* * * * *
(13) Water disposal. For produced water disposed of by means other
than subsurface injection, the lessee shall submit to the District
Supervisor an analysis of the anticipated H2S content of the water
at the final treatment vessel and at the discharge point. The District
Supervisor may require that the water be treated for the removal of
H2S. The District Supervisor may require the submittal of an
updated analysis if the [[Page 25185]] water disposal rate or the
potential H2S content increases.
* * * * *
14. In Sec. 250.175, Flaring and venting of gas, add new paragraph
(d) as follows:
Sec. 250.175 Flaring and venting of gas.
* * * * *
(d) Requirements for flaring and venting of gas containing
H2S--(1) Flaring of gas containing H2S. (i) The Regional
Supervisor may, for safety and air pollution prevention purposes,
further restrict the flaring of gas containing H2S. Information
provided in the lessee's H2S Contingency Plan
(Sec. 250.67(h)(1)(xi)), Exploration Plan, or Development and
Production Plan, and associated documents will be used in determining
the need for such restrictions.
(ii) If the Regional Supervisor determines that flaring at a
facility or group of facilities may significantly affect the air
quality of an onshore area, the Regional Supervisor may require the
operator(s) to conduct an air quality modeling analysis to determine
the potential effect of facility emissions on onshore ambient
concentrations of SO2. The Regional Supervisor may require
monitoring and reporting or may restrict or prohibit flaring pursuant
to Secs. 250.45 and 250.46.
(2) Venting of gas containing H2S. The lessee shall not vent
gas containing H2S except for minor releases during maintenance
and repair activities that do not result in a 15-minute TWA atmospheric
concentration of H2S of 20 ppm or higher anywhere on the platform.
(3) Reporting of flared gas containing H2S. In addition to the
recordkeeping requirements of paragraphs (c) and (d) of this section,
the operator shall submit to the Regional Supervisor a monthly report
of flared and vented gas containing H2S. The report shall contain
the following information:
(i) On a daily basis, the volume and duration of each flaring
episode.
(ii) H2S concentration in the flared gas.
(iii) Calculated amount of SO2 emitted.
[FR Doc. 95-11538 Filed 5-10-95; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4310-MR-M