[Federal Register Volume 63, Number 121 (Wednesday, June 24, 1998)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 34336-34346]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 98-16800]
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
40 CFR Part 63
[AD-FRL-6114-6]
RIN 2060-AH66
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Wood
Furniture Manufacturing Operations
AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
ACTION: Proposed amendments to final rule.
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SUMMARY: This action proposes amendments to the national emission
standards for hazardous air pollutants (NESHAP) promulgated in the
Federal Register on December 7, 1995 for wood furniture manufacturing
operations. This proposal offers amendments to the rule pursuant to
three agreements reached in settlement of the following petitions for
review: Chemical Manufacturers Association v. EPA, No. 96-1031 (D.C.
Cir.); Halogenated Solvents Industry Alliance, Inc. v. EPA, No. 96-1036
(D.C. Cir.); and Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc., v. Browner,
No. 96-1038 (D.C. Cir.). This proposal also offers clarifying
amendments, as well as technical amendments to certain sections of the
final rule.
DATES: Comments. Comments must be received on or before July 24, 1998,
unless a hearing is requested by July 6, 1998. If a hearing is
requested, written comments must be received by August 10, 1998.
Public Hearing. Anyone requesting a public hearing must contact the
EPA no later than July 6, 1998. If a hearing is held, it will take
place on July 9, 1998, beginning at 10:00 a.m.
ADDRESSES: Comments. Interested parties may submit written comments (in
duplicate, if possible) to: Air and Radiation Docket and Information
Center (6102), Attention, Docket No. A-93-10, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, 401 M Street, SW, Washington, DC 20460. Comments on
the proposed changes to the NESHAP may also be submitted electronically
by sending electronic mail (e-mail) to: a-and-r-docket@epamail.epa.gov.
Public Hearing. If a public hearing is held, it will be held at the
EPA's Office of Administration Auditorium, Research Triangle Park,
North Carolina. Persons interested in attending the hearing or wishing
to present oral testimony should notify Mrs. Kim Teal, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711,
telephone (919) 541-5580.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: For information concerning the
standards and the proposed changes, contact Mr. Paul Almodovar,
Coatings and Consumer Products Group, Emission Standards Division (MD-
13), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC
27711; telephone (919) 541-0283. For information regarding the
applicability of this action to a particular entity, contact Mr. Robert
Marshall, Manufacturing Branch, Office of Compliance (2223A), U.S. EPA,
401 M Street, SW, Washington, DC 20460; telephone (202) 564-7021.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Electronic Comment Submission
Electronic comments must be submitted as an ASCII file avoiding the
use of special characters and any form of encryption. Comments also
will be accepted on diskette in WordPerfect 5.1 or ASCII file format.
All comments in electronic form must be identified by the docket number
A-93-10. No confidential business information should be submitted
through e-mail. Electronic comments may be filed on-line at many
Federal Depository Libraries.
[[Page 34337]]
Regulated Entities
Entities potentially regulated by this action are owners or
operators of facilities that are engaged, either in part or in whole,
in wood furniture manufacturing operations and that are major sources
as defined in 40 CFR part 63, subpart A, section 63.2. Regulated
categories include:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Category Examples of regulated entities
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Industry............................... Facilities which are major
sources of hazardous air
pollutants (HAP) and
manufacture wood furniture or
wood furniture components.
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This table is not intended to be exhaustive, but rather provides a
guide for readers regarding entities that the EPA is now aware
potentially could be regulated by this action. Other types of entities
not listed in the table also could be regulated. To determine whether
your facility [company, business, organization, etc.] is regulated by
this action, you should carefully examine the applicability criteria in
section 63.800 of the NESHAP for wood furniture manufacturing
operations that was promulgated in the Federal Register on December 7,
1995 (60 FR 62930) and codified at 40 CFR 63 Subpart JJ. If you have
questions regarding the applicability of this action to a particular
entity, consult Mr. Robert Marshall at the address listed in the
preceding FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT section.
The information presented below is organized as follows:
I. Background
II. Summary of Proposed Changes
III. Administrative Requirements
A. Docket
B. Paperwork Reduction Act
C. Executive Order 12866
D. Regulatory Flexibility Act
E. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act
F. Executive Order 13045
G. Executive Order 12875
H. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act
I. Background
On December 7, 1995 (60 FR 62930), the EPA promulgated NESHAP for
wood furniture manufacturing operations (Wood Furniture NESHAP). These
standards were codified as subpart JJ in 40 CFR part 63. These
standards established emission limits for, among other things, coating
and gluing of wood furniture and wood furniture components. Three
different parties, the Chemical Manufacturers Association (CMA), the
Halogenated Solvents Industry Alliance, Inc. (HSIA), and the Society of
the Plastics Industry, Inc. (SPI), petitioned for judicial review of
the final rule under section 307(b) of the Clean Air Act (the Act).
The EPA executed settlement agreements with each of these
petitioners on December 18, 1997. In accordance with section 113(g) of
the Act, the EPA published notice of the petitions in the Federal
Register on December 24, 1997 (62 FR 67360). The notice provided a 30-
day opportunity for public comment. One comment, supporting the
agreements, was submitted.
The settlement agreement between the EPA and the CMA requires the
EPA to conduct notice and comment rulemaking proposing that certain
glycol ethers be removed from the list of volatile hazardous air
pollutants (VHAP) of potential concern in table 6 of the Wood Furniture
NESHAP. The agreement also provides that the de minimis value in table
5 for 2-ethoxyethyl acetate be changed from 5.0 tons per year to 10.0
tons per year.
The settlement agreement between the EPA and the HSIA requires the
EPA: (1) to conduct notice-and-comment rulemaking in accordance with
section 307(d) of the Act proposing that perchloroethylene and
trichloroethylene be deleted from the list of pollutants prohibited
from use in cleaning and washoff solvents under Sec. 63.803(e) of the
regulations (table 4 of the Wood Furniture NESHAP); and (2) to give
great weight to the recommendations of the Science Panel of the Joint
Methylene Chloride Characterization Task Force regarding whether a
reassessment of the cancer hazard for methylene chloride should be
undertaken based on current scientific information. The settlement
agreement also requires the EPA to conduct additional notice and
comment rulemaking with respect to methylene chloride if methylene
chloride is reassessed and certain findings are made as a result of
that reassessment.
The settlement agreement between the EPA and the SPI requires the
EPA to propose technical amendments to the Wood Furniture NESHAP that
would remove the subheadings of ``Nonthreshold Pollutants,'' ``High-
Concern Pollutants,'' and ``Unrankable Pollutants'' in table 6, and to
remove footnote ``a'' to table 6 which relates to these hazard ranking
classifications.
This action proposes changes to the Wood Furniture NESHAP to
address the settlement agreements discussed above. This action also
proposes clarifying changes and corrections which were identified after
promulgation of the rule.
II. Summary of Proposed Changes
In order to affect the settlement agreement between the EPA and the
CMA, and between the EPA and the SPI, the EPA is proposing to revise
table 6 of the Wood Furniture NESHAP.
Table 6 lists those VHAP that are thought to pose a high concern
for chronic toxicity. The regulations require affected sources to track
the usage levels of these chemicals as part of their formulation
assessment plans. The EPA, as a result of the negotiated rulemaking
process for the final rule, included in the table 6 list only those
chemicals with a toxicity composite score of 20 or higher.
The original table 6 excepted three glycol ether compounds from the
list of VHAP of potential concern because of the relatively low
toxicity of these compounds. In its challenge of the final rule, the
CMA claimed that additional glycol ethers should be excluded from table
6, and asked that the EPA review toxicity data for other specified
glycol ether compounds. The settlement agreement listed 17 other glycol
ethers which the parties agreed should not, at this time, be considered
VHAP of potential concern under this rule because either the EPA lacked
sufficient toxicity information on the compound or subsequent data
demonstrated a low toxicity for the compound. Since signing the
settlement agreement, the EPA has completed a preliminary literature
review of toxicity studies for all of the listed compounds to determine
if any have evidence of relatively severe toxicity. As a result of this
screening analysis, the EPA believes that the likely hazards posed by
these compounds are probably well below the cutoff level for treating
these compounds as VHAP of potential concern and for the purposes of
this rule should not be listed in table 6.1 Additional
information on the EPA's toxicity review can be found in the docket
listed in the preceding ADDRESSES section.
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\1\ This review was conducted solely for this rule to confirm
the reasonableness of the proposed changes based on the relative
toxicity of these compounds. The EPA has conducted no peer review of
these toxicity findings and has not developed a consensus position
regarding the actual toxicity of these compounds.
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The original table 6 contained subheadings for ``nonthreshold''
pollutants, ``high-concern'' pollutants, and ``unrankable'' pollutants.
These subheadings followed the hazard ranking classification scheme
proposed in regulations to implement the offsetting provisions of
section 112(g) of
[[Page 34338]]
the Act. The EPA now believes, however, that these subheadings, and
footnote ``a'' which relates to these subheadings, serve no substantive
function in this rule and should be removed from table 6. The
definition of ``VHAP of potential concern'' is proposed to be revised
to reflect this change in table 6.
Section 63.803(l)(6) is also being proposed to be revised to
eliminate the reference to the 112(g) regulations. The formulation
assessment plan provision in Sec. 63.803(l)(6) requires that if, after
November 1998, an affected source uses any VHAP of potential concern
listed in table 6, it must keep track of the annual usage of that
chemical and report to the permitting authority if the usage exceeds
the relevant de minimis value for that chemical. Section 63.803(l)(6)
currently references section 112(g) regulations to determine the
relevant de minimis values. This cross-reference is not necessary
because table 6 is proposed to be revised to include the de minimis
value for each chemical. The de minimis values provided in table 6 are
not changed from the current values extrapolated from the proposed
section 112(g) regulations.
In order to implement the settlement agreement between the EPA and
the CMA, the EPA is also proposing to revise table 5 to change the de
minimis level for 2-ethoxyethyl acetate from 5.0 to 10.0 tons per year.
The EPA has concluded that the toxicity for 2-ethoxyethyl acetate is
relatively low and in the absence of a more quantitative assessment
(i.e., an inhalation reference concentration) for this chemical, the
EPA's hazard ranking guidelines provide a default de minimis value of
10.0 tons per year. The proposed change of the 2-ethoxyethyl acetate de
minimis value is thus consistent with the EPA's methodology.
In order to implement the settlement agreement between the EPA and
the HSIA, the EPA is proposing to revise table 4 of the Wood Furniture
NESHAP by removing trichloroethylene and perchloroethylene from the
list of prohibited cleaning and washoff solvents. The EPA intended to
include in table 4 those pollutants classified under the EPA's hazard
ranking methodology as Group A (known human carcinogen) or Group B
(probable human carcinogen). The EPA currently considers both
perchloroethylene and trichloroethylene as intermediately classified
between a probable and possible human carcinogen(Group B/C). The EPA is
in the process of revising its cancer risk assessment guidelines and is
currently reassessing these pollutants. Since a definitive assessment
of the carcinogenicity of these two chemicals has not been finalized by
the EPA, and given the current carcinogenicity classifications of these
chemicals, the EPA is proposing to remove them from table 4. Note,
however, that this proposed change in Table 4 does not imply any change
in the EPA's current scientific evaluation of these pollutants, nor
does it carry any weight with respect to policies adopted toward these
pollutants in other regulatory contexts.
The EPA is also taking this opportunity to propose additional
technical and clarifying corrections to the final rule. The EPA is
proposing to remove caprolactam from the list of VHAP in table 2 of the
rule because this chemical has been delisted from the HAP list in
section 112(b)(1) of the Act (61 FR 30816).
The EPA is proposing to revise the definition of ``organic
solvent'' to reflect the EPA's intent in the final rule to regulate
only those organic solvents considered HAP. Since the promulgation of
the NESHAP there has been some confusion on what organic solvents are
regulated by the rule. The work practice standards in Sec. 63.803(d)of
the NESHAP include requirements for each owner or operator of a wood
furniture manufacturing facility to develop an organic solvent
accounting system. In addition, Sec. 63.803(f) requires that an
affected source use no more than 1.0 gallon of organic solvent per
booth to prepare the surface of the booth prior to applying the booth
coating. The current rule defines organic solvent as ``a volatile
organic liquid that is used for dissolving or dispersing constituents
in a coating or contact adhesive, adjusting the viscosity of a coating
or contact adhesive, or cleaning equipment. When used in a coating or
contact adhesive, the organic solvent evaporates during drying and does
not become a part of the dried film.'' The definition in the final rule
should be limited to those organic solvents which are HAP. Therefore,
the EPA is proposing to add the term ``hazardous air pollutant'' to the
definition of organic solvent (e.g., organic HAP solvent). Elsewhere in
the text of the rule, the EPA is proposing to replace the term
``organic solvent'' with the term ``organic HAP solvent.''
III. Administrative Requirements
A. Docket
Docket A-93-10 is an organized and complete file of all of the
information submitted to, or otherwise considered by, the EPA in the
development of this rulemaking. The docket is a dynamic file, since
material is added throughout the rulemaking development. The docketing
system is intended to allow members of the public to readily identify
and locate documents to enable them to participate effectively in the
rulemaking process. The contents of the docket serve as the record for
purposes of judicial review (except forCAA interagency review
materials) (Sec. 307(d)(7)(A) of the Act, 42 U.S.C. 7607(d)(7)(A)).
B. Paperwork Reduction Act
There are no additional information collection requirements
contained in this proposal. Therefore, approval under the provisions of
the Paperwork Reduction Act, 44 U.S.C. 3501, et seq., is not required.
C. Executive Order 12866
Under Executive Order 12866, the EPA is required to determine
whether a regulation is ``significant,'' and therefore, subject to
Office of Management and Budget (OMB) review and the requirements of
this Executive Order to prepare a regulatory impact analysis. The
Executive Order defines ``significant regulatory action'' as one that
is likely to result in a rule that may (1) have an annual effect on the
economy of $100 million or more, or adversely affect in a material way
the economy, a sector of the economy, productivity, competition, jobs,
the environment, public health or safety, or State, local, or Tribal
governments or communities; (2) create a serious inconsistency or
otherwise interfere with an action taken or planned by another agency;
(3) materially alter the budgetary impact of entitlements, grants, user
fees, or loan programs or the rights and obligations of recipients
thereof; or (4) raise novel legal or policy issues arising out of legal
mandates, the President's priorities, or the principles set forth in
the Executive Order.
This action is not a ``significant regulatory action'' within the
meaning of the Executive Order. The proposed rule, if promulgated, is
expected to reduce the regulatory burden on facilities by relaxing
requirements related to specified chemical compounds and by increasing
one of the de minimis levels triggering regulatory action. The EPA has
concluded that these changes will not significantly impact the
environment or public health or safety.
D. Regulatory Flexibility Act
The Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA) generally requires an agency
to conduct a regulatory flexibility analysis of any rule subject to
notice and comment rulemaking requirements unless the
[[Page 34339]]
agency certifies that the rule will not have a significant economic
impact on a substantial number of small entities. Small entities
include small businesses, small not-for-profit enterprises, and small
governmental jurisdictions. This proposed rule would not have a
significant impact on a substantial number of small entities because
the proposed amendments impose no new requirements on regulated
entities. The proposed changes should actually ease the compliance
burden of the Wood Furniture NESHAP. Therefore, I certify that this
action will not have a significant economic impact on a substantial
number of small entities.
E. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act
Title II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (UMRA), Pub.
L. 104-4, establishes requirements for Federal agencies to assess the
effects of their regulatory actions on State, local, and tribal
governments and the private sector. Under section 202 of the UMRA, the
EPA generally must prepare a written statement, including a cost-
benefit analysis, for proposed and final rules with ``Federal
mandates'' that may result in expenditures to State, local, and tribal
governments, in the aggregate, or to the private sector, of $100
million or more in any one year. Before promulgating an EPA rule for
which a written statement is needed, section 205 of the UMRA generally
requires the EPA to identify and consider a reasonable number of
regulatory alternatives and adopt the least costly, most cost-effective
or least burdensome alternative that achieves the objectives of the
rule. The provisions of section 205 do not apply when they are
inconsistent with applicable law. Moreover, section 205 allows the EPA
to adopt an alternative other than the least costly, most cost-
effective, or least burdensome alternative if the Administrator
publishes with the final rule an explanation why that alternative was
not adopted. Before the EPA establishes any regulatory requirements
that may significantly or uniquely affect small governments, including
tribal governments, it must have developed under section 203 of the
UMRA a small government agency plan. The plan must provide for
notifying potentially affected small governments, enabling officials of
affected small governments to have meaningful and timely input in the
development of EPA regulatory proposals with significant Federal
intergovernmental mandates, and informing, educating, and advising
small governments on compliance with the regulatory requirements.
The EPA has determined that this proposed rule does not contain a
Federal mandate that may result in expenditures of $100 million or more
for State, local, and tribal governments, in aggregate, or for the
private sector in any one year. Nor does the rule significantly or
uniquely impact small governments, because it contains no requirements
that apply to such governments and imposes no obligations upon them.
Thus, the requirements of the UMRA do not apply to this rule.
The economic impact analysis performed for the original rule showed
that the economic impacts from implementation of the promulgated
standards would not be ``significant'' as defined in Executive Order
12866. No changes are being made in these amendments that would
increase the economic impacts.
F. Executive Order 13045
Executive Order 13045 applies to any rule that (1) has been
determined to be ``economically significant'' as defined under
Executive Order 12866, and (2) addresses an environmental health or
safety risk that has a disproportionate effect on children. If the
regulatory action meets both criteria, the Agency must evaluate the
environmental health or safety effects of the planned rule on children
and explain why the planned regulation is preferable to other
potentially effective and reasonably feasible alternatives considered
by the Agency.
This proposed rule is not subject to Executive Order 13045,
entitled ``Protection of Children from Environmental Health Risks and
Safety Risks (62 FR 19885, April 23, 1997), because it is not an
economically significant regulatory action as defined by Executive
Order 12866, and it does not involve decisions on environmental health
risks or safety risks that would have a disproportionate effect on
children.
G. Executive Order 12875
Executive Order 12875 requires that, to the extent feasible and
permitted by law, no Federal agency shall promulgate any regulation
that is not required by statute and that creates a mandate upon a
State, local, or tribal government, unless funds necessary to pay the
direct costs incurred by the State, local, or tribal government in
complying with the mandate are provided by the Federal government. The
EPA has determined that the requirements of Executive Order 12875 do
not apply to today's rulemaking, since no mandate is created by this
action.
H. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act
Section 12(d) of the National Technology Transfer and Advancement
Act of 1995 (NTTAA), Pub. L. No. 104-113, Sec. 12(d) (15 U.S.C. 272
note) directs the EPA to use voluntary consensus standards in its
regulatory activities unless to do so would be inconsistent with
applicable law or otherwise impractical. Voluntary consensus standards
are technical standards (e.g., materials specifications, test methods,
sampling procedures, and business practices) that are developed or
adopted by voluntary consensus standards bodies. The NTTAA directs the
EPA to provide Congress, through OMB, explanations when the Agency
decides not to use available and applicable voluntary consensus
standards. This proposed rulemaking does not involve technical
standards. Therefore, the EPA is not considering the use of any
voluntary consensus standards.
List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 63
Environmental protection, Air pollution control, Hazardous
substances, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, Wood furniture
manufacturing.
Dated: June 18, 1998.
Carol M. Browner,
Administrator.
For the reasons set out in the preamble, title 40, chapter I of the
Code of Federal Regulations is proposed to be amended as follows:
PART 63--[AMENDED]
1. The authority citation for part 63 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.
Subpart JJ--National Emissions Standards for Wood Furniture
Manufacturing Operations
2. Section 63.801 is proposed to be amended by revising the
definitions for ``Cleaning operations'', ``Disposed offsite'',
``Equipment leak'', ``Recycled onsite'', ``Strippable spray booth
material'', ``VHAP of potential concern'', and ``Washoff operations''
and by removing the definition of ``Organic solvents'', and adding a
definition of ``Organic HAP solvent'' to read as follows:
Sec. 63.801 Definitions.
* * * * *
Cleaning operations means operations in which organic HAP solvent
is used to remove coating materials or adhesives
[[Page 34340]]
from equipment used in wood furniture manufacturing operations.
* * * * *
Disposed offsite means sending used organic HAP solvent or coatings
outside of the facility boundaries for disposal.
* * * * *
Equipment leak means emissions of VHAP from pumps, valves, flanges,
or other equipment used to transfer or apply coatings, adhesives, or
organic HAP solvents.
* * * * *
Organic HAP solvent means a HAP that is volatile organic liquid
that is used for dissolving or dispersing constituents in a coating or
contact adhesive, adjusting the viscosity of a coating or contact
adhesive, or cleaning equipment. When used in a coating or contact
adhesive, the organic HAP solvent evaporates during drying and does not
become a part of the dried film.
* * * * *
Recycled onsite means the reuse of an organic HAP solvent in a
process other than cleaning or washoff.
* * * * *
Strippable spray booth material means a coating that:
(1) Is applied to a spray booth wall to provide a protective film
to receive overspray during finishing operations;
(2) That is subsequently peeled off and disposed; and
(3) By achieving (1) and (2) of this defintion reduces or
eliminates the need to use organic HAP solvents to clean spray booth
walls.
* * * * *
VHAP of potential concern means any VHAP from the list in table 6
of this subpart.
* * * * *
Washoff operations means those operations in which organic HAP
solvent is used to remove coating from wood furniture or a wood
furniture component.
* * * * *
3. Section 63.803 is proposed to be amended by revising paragraphs
(c)(1), (d), (f), (i), (j), and (l)(6) to read as follows:
Sec. 63.803 Work practice standards.
* * * * *
(c) * * *
(1) A minimum visual inspection frequency of once per month for all
equipment used to transfer or apply coatings, adhesives, or organic HAP
solvents;
* * * * *
(d) Cleaning and washoff solvent accounting system. Each owner or
operator of an affected source shall develop an organic HAP solvent
accounting form to record:
(1) The quantity and type of organic HAP solvent used each month
for washoff and cleaning, as defined in Sec. 63.801 of this subpart;
(2) The number of pieces washed off, and the reason for the
washoff; and
(3) The quantity of spent organic HAP solvent generated from each
washoff and cleaning operation each month, and whether it is recycled
onsite or disposed offsite.
* * * * *
(f) Spray booth cleaning. Each owner or operator of an affected
source shall not use compounds containing more than 8.0 percent by
weight of VOC for cleaning spray booth components other than conveyors,
continuous coaters and their enclosures, metal filters, or plastic
filters unless the spray booth is being refurbished. If the spray booth
is being refurbished (that is, the spray booth coating or other
protective material used to cover the booth is being replaced), the
affected source shall use no more than 1.0 gallon of organic HAP
solvent per booth to prepare the surface of the booth prior to applying
the booth coating.
* * * * *
(i) Line cleaning. Each owner or operator of an affected source
shall pump or drain all organic HAP solvent used for line cleaning into
a normally closed container.
* * * * *
(j) Gun cleaning. Each owner or operator of an affected source
shall collect all organic HAP solvent used to clean spray guns into a
normally closed container.
* * * * *
(l) * * *
(6) If after November 1998, an affected source uses a VHAP of
potential concern listed in table 6 of this subpart for which a
baseline level has not been previously established, then the baseline
level shall be established as the de minimis level provided in that
same table for that chemical. The affected source shall track the
annual usage of each VHAP of potential concern identified in this
paragraph that is present in amounts subject to material safety data
sheet reporting as required by the Occupational Safety and Health
Administration. If usage of the VHAP of potential concern exceeds the
de minimis level listed in table 6 of this subpart for that chemical,
then the affected source shall provide an explanation to the permitting
authority that documents the reason for the exceedance of the de
minimis level. If the explanation is not one of those listed in
paragraphs (l)(4)(i) through (l)(4)(iv) of this section, the affected
source shall follow the procedures in paragraph (l)(5) of this section.
4. Table 2 of subpart JJ is proposed to be revised to read as
follows:
Table 2.--List of Volatile Hazardous Air Pollutants
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chemical name CAS No.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Acetaldehyde......................................... 75070
Acetamide............................................ 60355
Acetonitrile......................................... 75058
Acetophenone......................................... 98862
2-Acetylaminofluorine................................ 53963
Acrolein............................................. 107028
Acrylamide........................................... 79061
Acrylic acid......................................... 79107
Acrylonitrile........................................ 107131
Allyl chloride....................................... 107051
4-Aminobiphenyl...................................... 92671
Aniline.............................................. 62533
o-Anisidine.......................................... 90040
Benzene.............................................. 71432
Benzidine............................................ 92875
Benzotrichloride..................................... 98077
Benzyl chloride...................................... 100447
Biphenyl............................................. 92524
[[Page 34341]]
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP).................... 117817
Bis(chloromethyl)ether............................... 542881
Bromoform............................................ 75252
1,3-Butadiene........................................ 106990
Carbon disulfide..................................... 75150
Carbon tetrachloride................................. 56235
Carbonyl sulfide..................................... 463581
Catechol............................................. 120809
Chloroacetic acid.................................... 79118
2-Chloroacetophenone................................. 532274
Chlorobenzene........................................ 108907
Chloroform........................................... 67663
Chloromethyl methyl ether............................ 107302
Chloroprene.......................................... 126998
Cresols (isomers and mixture)........................ 1319773
o-Cresol............................................. 95487
m-Cresol............................................. 108394
p-Cresol............................................. 106445
Cumene............................................... 98828
2,4-D (2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, including
salts and esters)................................... 94757
DDE (1,1-Dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene)... 72559
Diazomethane......................................... 334883
Dibenzofuran......................................... 132649
1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane.......................... 96128
Dibutylphthalate..................................... 84742
1,4-Dichlorobenzene.................................. 106467
3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine............................... 91941
Dichloroethyl ether (Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether)........ 111444
1,3-Dichloropropene.................................. 542756
Diethanolamine....................................... 111422
N,N-Dimethylaniline.................................. 121697
Diethyl sulfate...................................... 64675
3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine.............................. 119904
4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene............................ 60117
3,3'-Dimethylbenzidine............................... 119937
Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride........................... 79447
N,N-Dimethylformamide................................ 68122
1,1-Dimethylhydrazine................................ 57147
Dimethyl phthalate................................... 131113
Dimethyl sulfate..................................... 77781
4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol, and salts...................... 534521
2,4-Dinitrophenol.................................... 51285
2,4-Dinitrotoluene................................... 121142
1,4-Dioxane (1,4-Diethyleneoxide).................... 123911
1,2-Diphenylhydrazine................................ 122667
Epichlorohydrin (1-Chloro-2,3-epoxypropane).......... 106898
1,2-Epoxybutane...................................... 106887
Ethyl acrylate....................................... 140885
Ethylbenzene......................................... 100414
Ethyl carbamate (Urethane)........................... 51796
Ethyl chloride (Chloroethane)........................ 75003
Ethylene dibromide (Dibromoethane)................... 106934
Ethylene dichloride (1,2-Dichloroethane)............. 107062
Ethylene glycol...................................... 107211
Ethylene oxide....................................... 75218
Ethylenethiourea..................................... 96457
Ethylidene dichloride (1,1-Dichloroethane)........... 75343
Formaldehyde......................................... 50000
Glycol ethers a...................................... -
Hexachlorobenzene.................................... 118741
Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene............................. 87683
Hexachloroethane..................................... 67721
Hexamethylene-1,6-diisocyanate....................... 822060
Hexamethylphosphoramide.............................. 680319
Hexane............................................... 110543
Hydrazine............................................ 302012
Hydroquinone......................................... 123319
Isophorone........................................... 78591
Maleic anhydride..................................... 108316
Methanol............................................. 67561
Methyl bromide (Bromomethane)........................ 74839
Methyl chloride (Chloromethane)...................... 74873
[[Page 34342]]
Methyl chloroform (1,1,1-Trichloroethane)............ 71556
Methyl ethyl ketone (2-Butanone)..................... 78933
Methylhydrazine...................................... 60344
Methyl iodide (Iodomethane).......................... 74884
Methyl isobutyl ketone (Hexone)...................... 108101
Methyl isocyanate.................................... 624839
Methyl methacrylate.................................. 80626
Methyl tert-butyl ether.............................. 1634044
4,4'-Methylenebis(2-chloroaniline)................... 101144
Methylene chloride (Dichloromethane)................. 75092
4,4'-Methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (MDI)............ 101688
4,4'-Methylenedianiline.............................. 101779
Naphthalene.......................................... 91203
Nitrobenzene......................................... 98953
4-Nitrobiphenyl...................................... 92933
4-Nitrophenol........................................ 100027
2-Nitropropane....................................... 79469
N-Nitroso-N-methylurea............................... 684935
N-Nitrosodimethylamine............................... 62759
N-Nitrosomorpholine.................................. 59892
Phenol............................................... 108952
p-Phenylenediamine................................... 106503
Phosgene............................................. 75445
Phthalic anhydride................................... 85449
Polychlorinated biphenyls (Aroclors)................. 1336363
Polycyclic Organic Matterb........................... -
1,3-Propane sultone.................................. 1120714
beta-Propiolactone................................... 57578
Propionaldehyde...................................... 123386
Propoxur (Baygon).................................... 114261
Propylene dichloride (1,2-Dichloropropane)........... 78875
Propylene oxide...................................... 75569
1,2-Propylenimine (2-Methyl aziridine)............... 75558
Quinone.............................................. 106514
Styrene.............................................. 100425
Styrene oxide........................................ 96093
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin.................. 1746016
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane............................ 79345
Tetrachloroethylene (Perchloroethylene).............. 127184
Toluene.............................................. 108883
2,4-Toluenediamine................................... 95807
Toluene-2,4-diisocyanate............................. 584849
o-Toluidine.......................................... 95534
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene............................... 120821
1,1,2-Trichloroethane................................ 79005
Trichloroethylene.................................... 79016
2,4,5-Trichlorophenol................................ 95954
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol................................ 88062
Triethylamine........................................ 121448
Trifluralin.......................................... 1582098
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane............................... 540841
Vinyl acetate........................................ 108054
Vinyl bromide........................................ 593602
Vinyl chloride....................................... 75014
Vinylidene chloride (1,1-Dichloroethylene)........... 75354
Xylenes (isomers and mixture)........................ 1330207
o-Xylene............................................. 95476
m-Xylene............................................. 108383
p-Xylene............................................. 106423
------------------------------------------------------------------------
a Includes mono- and di-ethers of ethylene glycol, diethylene glycols
and triethylene glycol; R-(OCH2CH2)n RR-OR' where:
n = 1, 2, or 3,
R = alkyl or aryl groups
R' = R, H, or groups which, when removed, yield glycol ethers with the
structure: R-(OCH2CH2)n--OH.
Polymers are excluded from the glycol category.
b Includes organic compounds with more than one benzene ring, and which
have a boiling point greater than or equal to 100 deg.C.
5. Table 4--Pollutants excluded from use in cleaning and washoff
solvents is proposed to be revised to read as follows:
[[Page 34343]]
TABLE 4.--Pollutants Excluded From Use in Cleaning and Washoff Solvents
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chemical name CAS No.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
4-Aminobiphenyl...................................... 92671
Styrene oxide........................................ 96093
Diethyl sulfate...................................... 64675
N-Nitrosomorpholine.................................. 59892
Dimethyl formamide................................... 68122
Hexamethylphosphoramide.............................. 680319
Acetamide............................................ 60355
4,4'-Methylenedianiline.............................. 101779
o-Anisidine.......................................... 90040
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin.................. 1746016
Beryllium salts...................................... .................
Benzidine............................................ 92875
N-Nitroso-N-methylurea............................... 684935
Bis(chloromethyl) ether.............................. 542881
Dimethyl carbamoyl chloride.......................... 79447
Chromium compounds (hexavalent)...................... .................
1,2-Propylenimine (2-Methyl aziridine)............... 75558
Arsenic and inorganic arsenic compounds.............. 99999904
Hydrazine............................................ 302012
1,1-Dimethyl hydrazine............................... 57147
Beryllium compounds.................................. 7440417
1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane.......................... 96128
N-Nitrosodimethylamine............................... 62759
Cadmium compounds.................................... .................
Benzo (a) pyrene..................................... 50328
Polychlorinated biphenyls (Aroclors)................. 1336363
Heptachlor........................................... 76448
3,3'-Dimethyl benzidine.............................. 119937
Nickel subsulfide.................................... 12035722
Acrylamide........................................... 79061
Hexachlorobenzene.................................... 118741
Chlordane............................................ 57749
1,3-Propane sultone.................................. 1120714
1,3-Butadiene........................................ 106990
Nickel refinery dust................................. .................
2-Acetylaminoflourine................................ 53963
3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine............................... 53963
Lindane (hexachlorcyclohexane, gamma)................ 58899
2,4-Toluene diamine.................................. 95807
Dichloroethyl ether (Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether)........ 111444
1,2-Diphenylhydrazine................................ 122667
Toxaphene (chlorinated camphene)..................... 8001352
2,4-Dinitrotoluene................................... 121142
3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine.............................. 119904
Formaldehyde......................................... 50000
4,4'-Methylene bis(2-chloroaniline).................. 101144
Acrylonitrile........................................ 107131
Ethylene dibromide(1,2-Dibromoethane)................ 106934
DDE (1,1-p-chlorophenyl 1-2 dichloroethylene)........ 72559
Chlorobenzilate...................................... 510156
Dichlorvos........................................... 62737
Vinyl chloride....................................... 75014
Coke Oven Emissions.................................. .................
Ethylene oxide....................................... 75218
Ethylene thiourea.................................... 96457
Vinyl bromide (bromoethene).......................... 593602
Selenium sulfide (mono and di)....................... 7488564
Chloroform........................................... 67663
Pentachloropheno..................................... 87865
Ethyl carbamate (Urethane)........................... 51796
Ethylene dichloride (1,2-Dichloroethane)............. 107062
Propylene dichloride (1,2-Dichloropropane)........... 78875
Carbon tetrachloride................................. 56235
Benzene.............................................. 71432
Methyl hydrazine..................................... 60344
Ethyl acrylate....................................... 140885
Propylene oxide...................................... 75569
Aniline.............................................. 62533
1,4-Dichlorobenzene(p)............................... 106467
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol................................ 88062
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP).................... 117817
o-Toluidine.......................................... 95534
[[Page 34344]]
Propoxur............................................. 114261
1,4-Dioxane (1,4-Diethyleneoxide).................... 123911
Acetaldehyde......................................... 75070
Bromoform............................................ 75252
Captan............................................... 133062
Epichlorohydrin...................................... 106898
Methylene chloride (Dichloromethane)................. 75092
Dibenz (ah) anthracene............................... 53703
Chrysene............................................. 218019
Dimethyl aminoazobenzene............................. 60117
Benzo (a) anthracene................................. 56553
Benzo (b) fluoranthene............................... 205992
Antimony trioxide.................................... 1309644
2-Nitropropane....................................... 79469
1,3-Dichloropropene.................................. 542756
7, 12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene...................... 57976
Benz(c)acridine...................................... 225514
Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene............................... 193395
1,2:7,8-Dibenzopyrene................................ 189559
------------------------------------------------------------------------
6. Table 5--List of VHAP of Potential Concern Identified by
Industry is proposed to be revised to read as follows:
TABLE 5.--List of VHAP of Potential Concern Identified by Industry
------------------------------------------------------------------------
EPA de
CAS No. Chemical name minimis,
tons/yr
------------------------------------------------------------------------
68122............... Dimethyl formamide................... 1.0
50000............... Formaldehyde......................... 0.2
75092............... Methylene chloride................... 4.0
79469............... 2-Nitropropane....................... 1.0
78591............... Isophorone........................... 0.7
1000425............. Styrene monomer...................... 1.0
108952.............. Phenol............................... 0.1
111422.............. Dimethanolamine...................... 5.0
109864.............. 2-Methoxyethanol..................... 10.0
111159.............. 2-Ethoxyethyl acetate................ 10.0
------------------------------------------------------------------------
7. Table 6--VHAP of potential concern is proposed to be revised to
read as follow:
TABLE 6.--VHAP of Potential Concern
------------------------------------------------------------------------
EPA de
CAS No. Chemical name minimis,
tons/yr *
------------------------------------------------------------------------
92671............... 4-Aminobiphenyl...................... 1.0
96093............... Styrene oxide........................ 1.0
64675............... Diethyl sulfate...................... 1.0
59892............... N-Nitrosomorpholine.................. 1.0
68122............... Dimethyl formamide................... 1.0
680319.............. Hexamethylphosphoramide.............. 0.01
60355............... Acetamide............................ 1.0
101779.............. 4,4'-Methylenedianiline.............. 1.0
90040............... o-Anisidine.......................... 1.0
1746016............. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin.. 0.00000006
92875............... Benzidine............................ 0.00003
684935.............. N-Nitroso-N-methylurea............... 0.00002
542881.............. Bis(chloromethyl)ether............... 0.00003
79447............... Dimethyl carbamoyl chloride.......... 0.002
75558............... 1,2-Propylenimine (2-Methyl 0.0003
aziridine).
57147............... 1,1-Dimethyl hydrazine............... 0.0008
96128............... 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane.......... 0.001
62759............... N-Nitrosodimethylamine............... 0.0001
50328............... Benzo (a) pyrene..................... 0.001
1336363............. Polychlorinated biphenyls (Aroclors). 0.0009
76448............... Heptachlor........................... 0.002
119937.............. 3,3'-Dimethyl benzidine.............. 0.001
79061............... Acrylamide........................... 0.002
118741.............. Hexachlorobenzene.................... 0.004
[[Page 34345]]
57749............... Chlordane............................ 0.005
1120714............. 1,3-Propane sultone.................. 0.003
106990.............. 1,3-Butadiene........................ 0.007
53963............... 2-Acetylaminoflourine................ 0.0005
91941............... 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine............... 0.02
58899............... Lindane (hexachlorocyclohexane, 0.005
gamma).
95807............... 2,4-Toluene diamine.................. 0.002
111444.............. Dichloroethyl ether (Bis(2- 0.006
chloroethyl)ether).
122667.............. 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine................ 0.009
8001352............. Toxaphene (chlorinated camphene)..... 0.006
121142.............. 2,4-Dinitrotoluene................... 0.002
119904.............. 3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine.............. 0.01
50000............... Formaldehyde......................... 0.2
101144.............. 4,4'-Methylene bis(2-chloroaniline).. 0.02
107131.............. Acrylonitrile........................ 0.03
106934.............. Ethylene dibromide(1,2-Dibromoethane) 0.01
72559............... DDE (1,1-p-chlorophenyl 1-2 0.01
dichloroethylene).
510156.............. Chlorobenzilate...................... 0.04
62737............... Dichlorvos........................... 0.02
75014............... Vinyl chloride....................... 0.02
75218............... Ethylene oxide....................... 0.09
96457............... Ethylene thiourea.................... 0.06
593602.............. Vinyl bromide (bromoethene).......... 0.06
67663............... Chloroform........................... 0.09
87865............... Pentachlorophenol.................... 0.07
51796............... Ethyl carbamate (Urethane)........... 0.08
107062.............. Ethylene dichloride (1,2- 0.08
Dichloroethane).
78875............... Propylene dichloride (1,2- 0.1
Dichloropropane).
56235............... Carbon tetrachloride................. 0.1
71432............... Benzene.............................. 0.2
140885.............. Ethyl acrylate....................... 0.1
75569............... Propylene oxide...................... 0.5
62533............... Aniline.............................. 0.1
106467.............. 1,4-Dichlorobenzene(p)............... 0.3
88062............... 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol................ 0.6
117817.............. Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP).... 0.5
95534............... o-Toluidine.......................... 0.4
114261.............. Propoxur............................. 2.0
79016............... Trichloroethylene.................... 1.0
123911.............. 1,4-Dioxane (1,4-Diethyleneoxide).... 0.6
75070............... Acetaldehyde......................... 0.9
75252............... Bromoform............................ 2.0
133062.............. Captan............................... 2.0
106898.............. Epichlorohydrin...................... 2.0
75092............... Methylene chloride (Dichloromethane). 4.0
127184.............. Tetrachloroethylene 4.0
(Perchloroethylene).
53703............... Dibenz (ah) anthracene............... 0.01
218019.............. Chrysene............................. 0.01
60117............... Dimethyl aminoazobenzene............. 1.0
56553............... Benzo (a) anthracene................. 0.01
205992.............. Benzo (b) fluoranthene............... 0.01
79469............... 2-Nitropropane....................... 1.0
542756.............. 1,3-Dichloropropene.................. 1.0
57976............... 7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene....... 0.01
225514.............. Benz(c)acridine...................... 0.01
193395.............. Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene............... 0.01
189559.............. 1,2:7,8-Dibenzopyrene................ 0.01
79345............... 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane............ 0.03
91225............... Quinoline............................ 0.0006
75354............... Vinylidene chloride (1,1- 0.04
Dichloroethylene).
87683............... Hexachlorobutadiene.................. 0.09
82688............... Pentachloronitrobenzene 0.03
(Quintobenzene).
78591............... Isophorone........................... 0.7
79005............... 1,1,2-Trichloroethane................ 0.1
74873............... Methyl chloride (Chloromethane)...... 1.0
67721............... Hexachloroethane..................... 0.5
1582098............. Trifluralin.......................... 0.9
1319773............. Cresols/Cresylic acid (isomers and 1.0
mixture).
108394.............. m-Cresol............................. 1.0
75343............... Ethylidene dichloride (1,1- 1.0
Dichloroethane).
[[Page 34346]]
95487............... o-Cresol............................. 1.0
106445.............. p-Cresol............................. 1.0
74884............... Methyl iodide (Iodomethane).......... 1.0
100425.............. Styrene.............................. 1.0
107051.............. Allyl chloride....................... 1.0
334883.............. Diazomethane......................... 1.0
95954............... 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol................ 1.0
133904.............. Chloramben........................... 1.0
106887.............. 1,2-Epoxybutane...................... 1.0
108054.............. Vinyl acetate........................ 1.0
126998.............. Chloroprene.......................... 1.0
123319.............. Hydroquinone......................... 1.0
92933............... 4-Nitrobiphenyl...................... 1.0
56382............... Parathion............................ 0.1
13463393............ Nickel Carbonyl...................... 0.1
60344............... Methyl hydrazine..................... 0.006
151564.............. Ethylene imine....................... 0.0003
77781............... Dimethyl sulfate..................... 0.1
107302.............. Chloromethyl methyl ether............ 0.1
57578............... beta-Propiolactone................... 0.1
100447.............. Benzyl chloride...................... 0.04
98077............... Benzotrichloride..................... 0.0006
107028.............. Acrolein............................. 0.04
584849.............. 2,4-Toluene diisocyanate............. 0.1
75741............... Tetramethyl lead..................... 0.01
78002............... Tetraethyl lead...................... 0.01
12108133............ Methylcyclopentadienyl manganese..... 0.1
624839.............. Methyl isocyanate.................... 0.1
77474............... Hexachlorocyclopentadiene............ 0.1
62207765............ Fluomine............................. 0.1
10210681............ Cobalt carbonyl...................... 0.1
79118............... Chloroacetic acid.................... 0.1
534521.............. 4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol, and salts...... 0.1
101688.............. Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate...... 0.1
108952.............. Phenol............................... 0.1
62384............... Mercury, (acetato-o) phenyl.......... 0.01
98862............... Acetophenone......................... 1.0
108316.............. Maleic anhydride..................... 1.0
532274.............. 2-Chloroacetophenone................. 0.06
51285............... 2,4-Dinitrophenol.................... 1.0
109864.............. 2-Methyoxy ethanol................... 10.0
98953............... Nitrobenzene......................... 1.0
74839............... Methyl bromide (Bromomethane)........ 10.0
75150............... Carbon disulfide..................... 1.0
121697.............. N,N-Dimethylaniline.................. 1.0
106514.............. Quinone.............................. 5.0
123386.............. Propionaldehyde...................... 5.0
120809.............. Catechol............................. 5.0
85449............... Phthalic anhydride................... 5.0
463581.............. Carbonyl sulfide..................... 5.0
132649.............. Dibenzofurans........................ 5.0
100027.............. 4-Nitrophenol........................ 5.0
540841.............. 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane............... 5.0
111422.............. Diethanolamine....................... 5.0
822060.............. Hexamethylene-1,6-diisocyanate....... 5.0
.................. Glycol ethers a...................... 5.0
.................. Polycyclic organic matter b.......... 0.01
------------------------------------------------------------------------
* These values are based on the de minimis levels provided in the
proposed rulemaking pursuant to section 112(g) of the Act using a 70-
year lifetime exposure duration for all VHAP. Default assumptions and
the de minimis values based on inhalation reference doses (RfC) are
not changed by this adjustment.
a Except for ethylene glycol butyl ether, ethylene glycol ethyl ether (2-
ethoxy ethanol), ethylene glycol hexyl ether, ethylene glycol methyl
ether (2-methoxyethanol), ethylene glycol phenyl ether, ethylene
glycol propyl ether, ethylene glycol mono-2-ethylhexyl ether,
diethylene glycol butyl ether, diethylene glycol ethyl ether,
diethylene glycol methyl ether, diethylene glycol hexyl ether,
diethylene glycol phenyl ether, diethylene glycol propyl ether,
triethylene glycol butyl ether, triethylene glycol ethyl ether,
triethylene glycol methyl ether, triethylene glycol propyl ether,
ethylene glycol butyl ether acetate, ethylene glycol ethyl ether
acetate, and diethylene glycol ethyl ether acetate.
b Except for benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(a)anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene,
7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene, benz(c)acridine, chrysene, dibenz(ah)
anthracene, 1,2:7,8-dibenzopyrene, indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene, but
including dioxins and furans.
[FR Doc. 98-16800 Filed 6-23-98; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P
