[Federal Register Volume 64, Number 125 (Wednesday, June 30, 1999)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 35032-35037]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 99-16542]
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
40 CFR Part 180
[OPP-300876; FRL-6086-3]
RIN 2070-AB78
Cyprodinil; Pesticide Tolerance for Emergency Exemption
AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
ACTION: Final rule.
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SUMMARY: This regulation establishes a time-limited tolerance for
residues of cyprodinil in or on caneberries. This action is in response
to EPA's granting of an emergency exemption under section 18 of the
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act authorizing use of
the pesticide on caneberries. This regulation establishes a maximum
permissible level for residues of cyprodinil in this food commodity
pursuant to section 408(l)(6) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic
Act, as amended by the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. The
tolerance will expire and is revoked on December 31, 2000.
DATES: This regulation is effective June 30, 1999. Objections and
requests for hearings must be received by EPA on or before August 30,
1999.
ADDRESSES: Written objections and hearing requests, identified by the
docket control number [OPP-300876], must be submitted to: Hearing Clerk
(1900), Environmental Protection Agency, Rm. M3708, 401 M St., SW.,
Washington, DC 20460. Fees accompanying objections and hearing requests
shall be labeled ``Tolerance Petition Fees'' and forwarded to: EPA
Headquarters Accounting Operations Branch, OPP (Tolerance Fees), P.O.
Box 360277M, Pittsburgh, PA 15251. A copy of any objections and hearing
requests filed with the Hearing Clerk identified by the docket control
number, [OPP-300876], must also be submitted to: Public Information and
Records Integrity Branch, Information Resources and Services Division
(7502C), Office of Pesticide Programs, Environmental Protection Agency,
401 M St., SW., Washington, DC 20460. In person, bring a copy of
objections and hearing requests to Rm. 119, Crystal Mall 2 (CM #2),
1921 Jefferson Davis Hwy., Arlington, VA.
A copy of objections and hearing requests filed with the Hearing
Clerk may also be submitted electronically by sending electronic mail
(e-mail) to: opp-docket@epa.gov. Copies of electronic objections and
hearing requests must be submitted as an ASCII file avoiding the use of
special characters and any form of encryption. Copies of objections and
hearing requests will also be accepted on disks in WordPerfect 5.1/6.1
or ASCII file format. All copies of electronic objections and hearing
requests must be identified by the docket control number [OPP-300876].
No Confidential Business Information (CBI) should be submitted through
e-mail. Copies of electronic objections and hearing requests on this
rule may be filed online at many Federal Depository Libraries.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: By mail: Stephen Schaible,
Registration Division (7505C), Office of Pesticide Programs,
Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M St., SW., Washington, DC 20460.
Office location, telephone number, and e-mail address: Rm. 271, CM #2,
1921 Jefferson Davis Hwy., Arlington, VA, (703) 308-9362,
schaible.stephen@epa.gov.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: EPA, on its own initiative, pursuant to
section 408(l)(6) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA),
21 U.S.C. 346a, is establishing a tolerance for residues of the
fungicide cyprodinil, in or on caneberries at 10 parts per million
(ppm). This tolerance will expire and is revoked on December 31, 2000.
EPA will publish a document in the Federal Register to remove the
revoked
[[Page 35033]]
tolerance from the Code of Federal Regulations.
I. Background and Statutory Findings
The Food Quality Protection Act of 1996 (FQPA) (Public Law 104-170)
was signed into law August 3, 1996. FQPA amends both the Federal Food,
Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA), 21 U.S.C. 301 et seq., and the Federal
Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), 7 U.S.C. 136 et
seq. The FQPA amendments went into effect immediately. Among other
things, FQPA amends FFDCA to bring all EPA pesticide tolerance-setting
activities under a new section 408 with a new safety standard and new
procedures. These activities are described in this preamble and
discussed in greater detail in the final rule establishing the time-
limited tolerance associated with the emergency exemption for use of
propiconazole on sorghum (61 FR 58135, November 13, 1996) (FRL-5572-9).
New section 408(b)(2)(A)(i) of the FFDCA allows EPA to establish a
tolerance (the legal limit for a pesticide chemical residue in or on a
food) only if EPA determines that the tolerance is ``safe.'' Section
408(b)(2)(A)(ii) defines ``safe'' to mean that ``there is a reasonable
certainty that no harm will result from aggregate exposure to the
pesticide chemical residue, including all anticipated dietary exposures
and all other exposures for which there is reliable information.'' This
includes exposure through drinking water and in residential settings,
but does not include occupational exposure. Section 408(b)(2)(C)
requires EPA to give special consideration to exposure of infants and
children to the pesticide chemical residue in establishing a tolerance
and to ``ensure that there is a reasonable certainty that no harm will
result to infants and children from aggregate exposure to the pesticide
chemical residue. . . .''
Section 18 of FIFRA authorizes EPA to exempt any Federal or State
agency from any provision of FIFRA, if EPA determines that ``emergency
conditions exist which require such exemption.'' This provision was not
amended by FQPA. EPA has established regulations governing such
emergency exemptions in 40 CFR part 166.
Section 408(l)(6) of the FFDCA requires EPA to establish a time-
limited tolerance or exemption from the requirement for a tolerance for
pesticide chemical residues in food that will result from the use of a
pesticide under an emergency exemption granted by EPA under section 18
of FIFRA. Such tolerances can be established without providing notice
or period for public comment.
Because decisions on section 18-related tolerances must proceed
before EPA reaches closure on several policy issues relating to
interpretation and implementation of the FQPA, EPA does not intend for
its actions on such tolerances to set binding precedents for the
application of section 408 and the new safety standard to other
tolerances and exemptions.
II. Emergency Exemption for Cyprodinil on Caneberries and FFDCA
Tolerances
According to the Applicants, weather conditions favorable to gray
mold disease development, combined with pathogen resistance to existing
registered fungicides, has contributed to an emergency condition for
caneberry growers in the States of Washington and Oregon. The States
claim that registered pesticides either do not provide an adequate
level of economic control of gray mold fruit rot or are limited in the
number of applications needed for season-long control. EPA has
authorized under FIFRA section 18 the use of the product Switch 62.5
WG, containing the active ingredients cyprodinil and fludioxonil, on
caneberries for control of gray mold in Oregon and Washington. After
having reviewed the submission, EPA concurs that emergency conditions
exist for these States.
As part of its assessment of this emergency exemption, EPA assessed
the potential risks presented by residues of cyprodinil in or on
caneberries. In doing so, EPA considered the safety standard in FFDCA
section 408(b)(2), and EPA decided that the necessary tolerance under
FFDCA section 408(l)(6) would be consistent with the safety standard
and with FIFRA section 18. Consistent with the need to move quickly on
the emergency exemption in order to address an urgent non-routine
situation and to ensure that the resulting food is safe and lawful, EPA
is issuing this tolerance without notice and opportunity for public
comment under section 408(e), as provided in section 408(l)(6).
Although this tolerance will expire and is revoked on December 31,
2000, under FFDCA section 408(l)(5), residues of the pesticide not in
excess of the amounts specified in the tolerance remaining in or on
caneberries after that date will not be unlawful, provided the
pesticide is applied in a manner that was lawful under FIFRA, and the
residues do not exceed a level that was authorized by this tolerance at
the time of that application. EPA will take action to revoke this
tolerance earlier if any experience with, scientific data on, or other
relevant information on this pesticide indicate that the residues are
not safe.
Because this tolerance is being approved under emergency
conditions, EPA has not made any decisions about whether cyprodinil
meets EPA's registration requirements for use on caneberries or whether
a permanent tolerance for this use would be appropriate. Under these
circumstances, EPA does not believe that this tolerance serves as a
basis for registration of cyprodinil by a State for special local needs
under FIFRA section 24(c). Nor does this tolerance serve as the basis
for any States other than Oregon and Washington to use this pesticide
on this crop under section 18 of FIFRA without following all provisions
of EPA's regulations implementing section 18 as identified in 40 CFR
part 166. For additional information regarding the emergency exemption
for cyprodinil, contact the Agency's Registration Division at the
address provided under the ``ADDRESSES'' section.
III. Aggregate Risk Assessment and Determination of Safety
EPA performs a number of analyses to determine the risks from
aggregate exposure to pesticide residues. For further discussion of the
regulatory requirements of section 408 and a complete description of
the risk assessment process, see the final rule on Bifenthrin Pesticide
Tolerances (62 FR 62961, November 26, 1997) (FRL-5754-7).
Consistent with section 408(b)(2)(D), EPA has reviewed the
available scientific data and other relevant information in support of
this action. EPA has sufficient data to assess the hazards of
cyprodinil and to make a determination on aggregate exposure,
consistent with section 408(b)(2), for a time-limited tolerance for
residues of cyprodinil on caneberries at 10 ppm. EPA's assessment of
the dietary exposures and risks associated with establishing the
tolerance follows.
A. Toxicological Profile
EPA has evaluated the available toxicity data and considered its
validity, completeness, and reliability as well as the relationship of
the results of the studies to human risk. EPA has also considered
available information concerning the variability of the sensitivities
of major identifiable subgroups of consumers, including infants and
children. The nature of the toxic effects caused by cyprodinil are
discussed in this unit.
[[Page 35034]]
B. Toxicological Endpoint
1. Acute toxicity. No effects that could be attributed to a single
exposure (dose) were observed in oral toxicity studies including the
developmental toxicity studies in rats and rabbits. Therefore, a dose
and endpoint were not identified for acute dietary risk assessment.
2. Short - and intermediate-term toxicity. A no observed adverse
effect level (NOAEL) of 25 milligrams/kilograms/day (mg/kg/day) was
selected from the 21-day dermal rat study. The effect observed at the
lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) of 125 mg/kg/day in this
study was hunched posture in females.
3. Chronic toxicity. EPA has established the Reference Dose (RfD)
for cyprodinil at 0.03 mg/kg/day. This RfD is based on a NOAEL of 2.7
mg/kg/day and an uncertainty factor of 100. The NOAEL was taken from
the chronic rat study; at the LOAEL of 35.6 mg/kg/day, effects observed
were histopathological alterations in the liver (spongiosis hepatis) in
males.
4. Carcinogenicity. Cyprodinil is classified as a ``not likely''
human carcinogen, based on the lack of evidence of carcinogenicity in
mice and rats at doses that were judged to be adequate to assess the
carcinogenic potential.
C. Exposures and Risks
1. From food and feed uses. Tolerances have been established (40
CFR 180.532) for the residues of cyprodinil, in or on a variety of raw
agricultural commodities. Mention any tolerances of special relevance
and meat, milk, poultry and egg tolerances, if applicable. Risk
assessments were conducted by EPA to assess dietary exposures and risks
from cyprodinil as follows:
i. Acute exposure and risk. Acute dietary risk assessments are
performed for a food-use pesticide if a toxicological study has
indicated the possibility of an effect of concern occurring as a result
of a 1-day or single exposure. This risk assessment is not required. No
effects that could be attributed to a single exposure (dose) were
observed in oral toxicity studies including the developmental toxicity
studies in rats and rabbits. Therefore, a dose and endpoint were not
identified for acute dietary risk assessment.
ii. Chronic exposure and risk. Tolerance level residues and 100%
crop treated were assumed to calculate dietary exposure for the United
States (U.S.) population and population subgroups from residues on
published and proposed uses. Chronic exposure from food uses of
cyprodinil represents 6% of the RfD for the U.S. population and 21% of
the RfD for nursing infants (<1yr), the="" subgroup="" most="" highly="" exposed.="" 2.="" from="" drinking="" water.="" cyprodinil="" is="" considered="" to="" be="" persistent="" in="" water="" and="" mobile="" in="" most="" soils;="" under="" most="" conditions="" though,="" cyprodinil="" will="" have="" a="" low="" potential="" for="" movement="" into="" ground="" water="" at="" high="" concentrations.="" there="" is="" potential="" for="" cyprodinil="" to="" contaminate="" surface="" water="" as="" runoff="" and="" as="" a="" sorbed="" species="" through="" erosion="" of="" soil="" particles.="" there="" is="" no="" established="" maximum="" contaminant="" level="" (mcl)="" for="" residues="" of="" cyprodinil="" in="" drinking="" water.="" no="" health="" advisory="" levels="" for="" cyprodinil="" in="" drinking="" water="" have="" been="" established.="" the="" agency="" has="" calculated="" drinking="" water="" levels="" of="" comparison="" (dwlocs)="" for="" chronic="" exposure="" to="" cyprodinil="" in="" surface="" and="" ground="" water.="" a="" dwloc="" is="" a="" theoretical="" upper="" limit="" on="" a="" pesticide's="" concentration="" in="" drinking="" water="" in="" light="" of="" total="" aggregate="" exposure="" to="" a="" pesticide="" in="" food,="" drinking="" water,="" and="" through="" residential="" uses.="" toxicity="" endpoints,="" default="" body="" weight="" (70="" kg="" for="" males,="" 60="" kg="" for="" females,="" and="" 10="" kg="" for="" nursing="" infants="">< 1="" year="" old)="" and="" default="" drinking="" water="" consumption="" estimates="" (2="" liter="" (l)/day="" for="" adults,="" 1="" l/="" day="" for="" nursing="" infants)="" are="" used="" to="" calculate="" the="" actual="" dwlocs.="" the="" dwloc="" represents="" the="" concentration="" level="" in="" surface="" water="" or="" ground="" water="" at="" which="" aggregate="" exposure="" to="" the="" chemical="" is="" not="" of="" concern.="" using="" the="" screening="" concentration="" in="" ground="" water="" (sci-grow)="" screening="" model,="" the="" agency="" calculated="" an="" estimated="" environmental="" concentration="" (eec)="" of="" cyprodinil="" in="" ground="" water="" for="" use="" in="" human="" health="" risk="" assessments.="" this="" value="" represents="" an="" upper="" bound="" estimate="" of="" the="" concentration="" of="" cyprodinil="" that="" might="" be="" found="" in="" ground="" water="" assuming="" the="" maximum="" application="" rate="" allowed="" on="" the="" label="" of="" the="" highest="" use="" pattern.="" the="" agency="" used="" its="" pesticide="" root="" zone="" model="" (przm)-exams="" model="" to="" estimate="" eecs="" for="" cyprodinil="" in="" surface="" water.="" przm-exams="" is="" a="" more="" refined="" tier="" ii="" assessment.="" the="" eecs="" from="" these="" models="" are="" compared="" to="" the="" dwlocs="" to="" make="" the="" safety="" determination.="" i.="" acute="" exposure="" and="" risk.="" this="" risk="" assessment="" is="" not="" required.="" no="" effects="" that="" could="" be="" attributed="" to="" a="" single="" exposure="" (dose)="" were="" observed="" in="" oral="" toxicity="" studies="" including="" the="" developmental="" toxicity="" studies="" in="" rats="" and="" rabbits.="" therefore,="" a="" dose="" and="" endpoint="" were="" not="" identified="" for="" acute="" dietary="" risk="" assessment.="" ii.="" chronic="" exposure="" and="" risk.="" using="" the="" sci-grow="" model,="" the="" maximum="" long-term="" estimated="" concentration="" in="" ground="" water="" is="" not="" expected="" to="" exceed="" 0.04="" parts="" per="" billion="" (ppb).="" the="" chronic="" estimated="" concentration="" in="" surface="" water,="" using="" the="" przm-exams="" model,="" is="" 51="" ppb.="" the="" dwloc="" for="" the="" u.s.="" population="" was="" calculated="" to="" be="" 990="" ppb;="" the="" dwloc="" for="" the="" most="" sensitive="" subgroup,="" nursing="" infants="">< 1="" year="" old,="" was="" 220="" ppb.="" as="" concentrations="" of="" cyprodinil="" in="" ground="" water="" and="" surface="" water="" do="" not="" exceed="" the="" calculated="" dwlocs,="" the="" agency="" concludes="" with="" reasonable="" certainty="" that="" chronic="" exposure="" to="" cyprodinil="" in="" drinking="" water="" is="" not="" of="" concern.="" 3.="" from="" non-dietary="" exposure.="" cyprodinil="" is="" currently="" not="" registered="" for="" use="" on="" residential,="" non-food="" sites;="" therefore,="" no="" non-="" occupational,="" non-dietary="" exposure="" is="" expected.="" 4.="" cumulative="" exposure="" to="" substances="" with="" a="" common="" mechanism="" of="" toxicity.="" section="" 408(b)(2)(d)(v)="" requires="" that,="" when="" considering="" whether="" to="" establish,="" modify,="" or="" revoke="" a="" tolerance,="" the="" agency="" consider="" ``available="" information''="" concerning="" the="" cumulative="" effects="" of="" a="" particular="" pesticide's="" residues="" and="" ``other="" substances="" that="" have="" a="" common="" mechanism="" of="" toxicity.''="" epa="" does="" not="" have,="" at="" this="" time,="" available="" data="" to="" determine="" whether="" cyprodinil="" has="" a="" common="" mechanism="" of="" toxicity="" with="" other="" substances="" or="" how="" to="" include="" this="" pesticide="" in="" a="" cumulative="" risk="" assessment.="" unlike="" other="" pesticides="" for="" which="" epa="" has="" followed="" a="" cumulative="" risk="" approach="" based="" on="" a="" common="" mechanism="" of="" toxicity,="" cyprodinil="" does="" not="" appear="" to="" produce="" a="" toxic="" metabolite="" produced="" by="" other="" substances.="" for="" the="" purposes="" of="" this="" tolerance="" action,="" therefore,="" epa="" has="" not="" assumed="" that="" cyprodinil="" has="" a="" common="" mechanism="" of="" toxicity="" with="" other="" substances.="" for="" more="" information="" regarding="" epa's="" efforts="" to="" determine="" which="" chemicals="" have="" a="" common="" mechanism="" of="" toxicity="" and="" to="" evaluate="" the="" cumulative="" effects="" of="" such="" chemicals,="" see="" the="" final="" rule="" for="" bifenthrin="" pesticide="" tolerances="" (62="" fr="" 62961,="" november="" 26,="" 1997).="" d.="" aggregate="" risks="" and="" determination="" of="" safety="" for="" u.s.="" population="" 1.="" acute="" risk.="" this="" risk="" assessment="" is="" not="" required.="" no="" effects="" that="" could="" be="" attributed="" to="" a="" single="" exposure="" (dose)="" were="" observed="" in="" oral="" toxicity="" studies="" including="" the="" developmental="" toxicity="" studies="" in="" rats="" and="" rabbits.="" therefore,="" a="" dose="" and="" endpoint="" were="" not="" identified="" for="" acute="" dietary="" risk="" assessment.="" 2.="" chronic="" risk.="" using="" the="" theoreticl="" maximus="" residue="" contribution="" (tmrc)="" exposure="" assumptions="" described="" in="" this="" unit,="" epa="" has="" concluded="" that="" aggregate="" [[page="" 35035]]="" exposure="" to="" cyprodinil="" from="" food="" will="" utilize="" 6="" of="" the="" rfd="" for="" the="" u.s.="" population.="" the="" major="" identifiable="" subgroup="" with="" the="" highest="" aggregate="" exposure="" is="" nursing="" infants="">< 1="" year="" old="" (discussed="" below).="" epa="" generally="" has="" no="" concern="" for="" exposures="" below="" 100%="" of="" the="" rfd="" because="" the="" rfd="" represents="" the="" level="" at="" or="" below="" which="" daily="" aggregate="" dietary="" exposure="" over="" a="" lifetime="" will="" not="" pose="" appreciable="" risks="" to="" human="" health.="" estimated="" chronic="" environmental="" concentrations="" of="" cyprodinil="" in="" surface="" water="" and="" ground="" water="" do="" not="" exceed="" chronic="" dwlocs="" calculated="" by="" the="" agency;="" therefore,="" epa="" does="" not="" expect="" the="" aggregate="" exposure="" to="" exceed="" 100%="" of="" the="" rfd.="" 3.="" short-="" and="" intermediate-term="" risk.="" short-="" and="" intermediate-term="" aggregate="" exposure="" takes="" into="" account="" chronic="" dietary="" food="" and="" water="" (considered="" to="" be="" a="" background="" exposure="" level)="" plus="" indoor="" and="" outdoor="" residential="" exposure.="" there="" are="" no="" residential="" uses="" of="" this="" chemical="" registered.="" this="" risk="" assessment="" is="" therefore="" not="" required.="" 4.="" aggregate="" cancer="" risk="" for="" u.s.="" population.="" cyprodinil="" is="" classified="" as="" a="" ``not="" likely''="" human="" carcinogen,="" based="" on="" the="" lack="" of="" evidence="" of="" carcinogenicity="" in="" mice="" and="" rats="" at="" doses="" that="" were="" judged="" to="" be="" adequate="" to="" assess="" the="" carcinogenic="" potential.="" this="" risk="" assessment="" is="" not="" required.="" 5.="" determination="" of="" safety.="" based="" on="" these="" risk="" assessments,="" epa="" concludes="" that="" there="" is="" a="" reasonable="" certainty="" that="" no="" harm="" will="" result="" from="" aggregate="" exposure="" to="" cyprodinil="" residues.="" e.="" aggregate="" risks="" and="" determination="" of="" safety="" for="" infants="" and="" children="" 1.="" safety="" factor="" for="" infants="" and="" children="" --="" i.="" in="" general.="" in="" assessing="" the="" potential="" for="" additional="" sensitivity="" of="" infants="" and="" children="" to="" residues="" of="" cyprodinil,="" epa="" considered="" data="" from="" developmental="" toxicity="" studies="" in="" the="" rat="" and="" rabbit="" and="" a="" 2-generation="" reproduction="" study="" in="" the="" rat.="" the="" developmental="" toxicity="" studies="" are="" designed="" to="" evaluate="" adverse="" effects="" on="" the="" developing="" organism="" resulting="" from="" maternal="" pesticide="" exposure="" during="" gestation.="" reproduction="" studies="" provide="" information="" relating="" to="" effects="" from="" exposure="" to="" the="" pesticide="" on="" the="" reproductive="" capability="" of="" mating="" animals="" and="" data="" on="" systemic="" toxicity.="" ffdca="" section="" 408="" provides="" that="" epa="" shall="" apply="" an="" additional="" tenfold="" margin="" of="" safety="" for="" infants="" and="" children="" in="" the="" case="" of="" threshold="" effects="" to="" account="" for="" pre-and="" postnatal="" toxicity="" and="" the="" completeness="" of="" the="" data="" base="" unless="" epa="" determines="" that="" a="" different="" margin="" of="" safety="" will="" be="" safe="" for="" infants="" and="" children.="" margins="" of="" safety="" are="" incorporated="" into="" epa="" risk="" assessments="" either="" directly="" through="" use="" of="" a="" margin="" of="" exposure="" (moe)="" analysis="" or="" through="" using="" uncertainty="" (safety)="" factors="" in="" calculating="" a="" dose="" level="" that="" poses="" no="" appreciable="" risk="" to="" humans.="" epa="" believes="" that="" reliable="" data="" support="" using="" the="" standard="" moe="" and="" uncertainty="" factor="" (usually="" 100="" for="" combined="" inter-="" and="" intra-species="" variability)="" and="" not="" the="" additional="" tenfold="" moe/uncertainty="" factor="" when="" epa="" has="" a="" complete="" data="" base="" under="" existing="" guidelines="" and="" when="" the="" severity="" of="" the="" effect="" in="" infants="" or="" children="" or="" the="" potency="" or="" unusual="" toxic="" properties="" of="" a="" compound="" do="" not="" raise="" concerns="" regarding="" the="" adequacy="" of="" the="" standard="" moe/safety="" factor.="" ii.="" developmental="" toxicity="" studies.="" in="" the="" rat="" developmental="" study,="" the="" maternal="" noael="" was="" 200="" mg/kg/day,="" based="" on="" decreased="" body="" weight,="" body="" weight="" gain,="" and="" food="" consumption="" at="" the="" loael="" of="" 1,000="" mg/kg/day.="" the="" developmental="" noael="" was="" 200="" mg/kg/day,="" based="" on="" increased="" incidence="" of="" skeletal="" variations="" (primarily="" absent="" or="" reduced="" ossification="" of="" the="" metacarpal)="" and="" on="" decreased="" mean="" fetal="" weight="" at="" the="" loael="" of="" 1,000="" mg/kg/day.="" in="" the="" rabbit="" developmental="" toxicity="" study,="" the="" maternal="" noael="" was="" 150="" mg/kg/day,="" based="" on="" decreased="" body="" weight="" gain="" at="" the="" loael="" of="" 400="" mg/kg/day.="" the="" developmental="" noael="" was="" 150="" mg/kg/day="" and="" the="" loael="" was="" 400="" mg/kg/day,="" based="" on="" increased="" incidence="" of="" 13th="" rib.="" iii.="" reproductive="" toxicity="" study.="" in="" the="" 2-generation="" reproductive="" toxicity="" study="" in="" rats,="" the="" parental="" noael="" was="" 81="" mg/kg/day,="" based="" on="" decreased="" parental="" female="" premating="" body="" weight="" gain="" at="" the="" loael="" of="" 326="" mg/kg/day.="" the="" agency="" considers="" significant="" increases="" in="" kidney="" and="" liver="" weight="" at="" the="" 326="" mg/kg/day="" dose="" as="" supportive="" evidence="" of="" toxicity.="" the="" reproductive/developmental="" noael="" was="" 81="" mg/kg/day="" and="" the="" loael="" was="" 326="" mg/kg/day,="" based="" on="" decreased="">1 and
F2 pup weight during lactation and continuing into adulthood
for F1 rats.
iv. Pre- and postnatal sensitivity. The toxicological data base for
evaluating pre- and postnatal toxicity for cyprodinil is complete with
respect to current data requirements. There are no pre- or postnatal
toxicity concerns for infants and children, based on the results of the
rat and rabbit developmental toxicity studies and the 2-generation rat
reproductive toxicity study.
v. Conclusion. There is a complete toxicity data base for
cyprodinil and exposure data are complete or are estimated based on
data that reasonably accounts for potential exposures. The Agency
determined that for cyprodinil, the 10x factor to account for enhanced
sensitivity of infants and children should be removed.
2. Acute risk. This risk assessment is not required. No effects
that could be attributed to a single exposure (dose) were observed in
oral toxicity studies including the developmental toxicity studies in
rats and rabbits. Therefore, a dose and endpoint were not identified
for acute dietary risk assessment.
3. Chronic risk. Using the exposure assumptions described in this
unit, EPA has concluded that aggregate exposure to cyprodinil from food
will utilize 21 of the RfD for nursing infants < 1="" year="" old,="" the="" infant="" and="" children="" subgroup="" most="" highly="" exposed.="" epa="" generally="" has="" no="" concern="" for="" exposures="" below="" 100%="" of="" the="" rfd="" because="" the="" rfd="" represents="" the="" level="" at="" or="" below="" which="" daily="" aggregate="" dietary="" exposure="" over="" a="" lifetime="" will="" not="" pose="" appreciable="" risks="" to="" human="" health.="" because="" the="" chronic="" dwlocs="" are="" not="" exceeded="" by="" estimated="" chronic="" environmental="" concentrations="" in="" ground="" water="" or="" surface="" water,="" epa="" does="" not="" expect="" the="" aggregate="" exposure="" to="" exceed="" 100%="" of="" the="" rfd.="" 4.="" short-="" or="" intermediate-term="" risk.="" there="" are="" no="" residential="" uses="" for="" this="" chemical;="" this="" risk="" assessment="" is="" not="" required.="" 5.="" determination="" of="" safety.="" based="" on="" these="" risk="" assessments,="" epa="" concludes="" that="" there="" is="" a="" reasonable="" certainty="" that="" no="" harm="" will="" result="" to="" infants="" and="" children="" from="" aggregate="" exposure="" to="" cyprodinil="" residues.="" iv.="" other="" considerations="" a.="" metabolism="" in="" plants="" and="" animals="" the="" nature="" of="" the="" residue="" in="" plant="" is="" understood="" based="" on="" metabolism="" studies="" in="" stone="" fruit,="" pome="" fruit,="" wheat,="" tomatoes="" and="" potatoes.="" the="" residue="" of="" concern="" is="" parent="" cyprodinil="" only.="" there="" are="" no="" animal="" feed="" items="" associated="" with="" the="" proposed="" use;="" data="" on="" the="" nature="" of="" the="" residue="" in="" animals="" are="" not="" required="" for="" the="" section="" 18="" action="" or="" the="" establishment="" of="" this="" tolerance.="" b.="" analytical="" enforcement="" methodology="" adequate="" enforcement="" methodology="" high="" performance="" liquid="" chromotography="" (hplc)="" is="" available="" to="" enforce="" the="" tolerance="" expression;="" opp="" concludes="" that="" the="" method="" will="" be="" suitable="" for="" enforcement="" purposes="" once="" revisions="" recommended="" by="" the="" analytical="" chemistry="" laboratory="" (acl)="" are="" incorporated.="" the="" method="" may="" be="" requested="" from:="" calvin="" furlow,="" prrib,="" irsd="" (7502c),="" office="" of="" pesticide="" programs,="" environmental="" protection="" [[page="" 35036]]="" agency,="" 401="" m="" st.,="" sw.,="" washington,="" dc="" 20460.="" office="" location="" and="" telephone="" number:="" rm="" 101ff,="" cm="" #2,="" 1921="" jefferson="" davis="" hwy.,="" arlington,="" va,="" (703)="" 305-5229.="" c.="" magnitude="" of="" residues="" residues="" of="" cyprodinil="" are="" not="" expected="" to="" exceed="" 10="" ppm="" in="" caneberries="" as="" a="" result="" of="" the="" proposed="" section="" 18="" use.="" d.="" international="" residue="" limits="" there="" are="" no="" codex,="" canadian,="" or="" mexican="" residue="" limits="" established="" for="" cyprodinil="" on="" caneberries.="" therefore,="" no="" compatibility="" problems="" exist="" for="" the="" proposed="" tolerance.="" e.="" rotational="" crop="" restrictions="" as="" caneberries="" are="" not="" considered="" to="" be="" a="" rotated="" crop,="" no="" rotational="" crop="" data="" are="" required.="" v.="" conclusion="" therefore,="" the="" tolerance="" is="" established="" for="" residues="" of="" cyprodinil="" in="" caneberries="" at="" 10="" ppm.="" vi.="" objections="" and="" hearing="" requests="" the="" new="" ffdca="" section="" 408(g)="" provides="" essentially="" the="" same="" process="" for="" persons="" to="" ``object''="" to="" a="" tolerance="" regulation="" as="" was="" provided="" in="" the="" old="" section="" 408="" and="" in="" section="" 409.="" however,="" the="" period="" for="" filing="" objections="" is="" 60="" days,="" rather="" than="" 30="" days.="" epa="" currently="" has="" procedural="" regulations="" which="" govern="" the="" submission="" of="" objections="" and="" hearing="" requests.="" these="" regulations="" will="" require="" some="" modification="" to="" reflect="" the="" new="" law.="" however,="" until="" those="" modifications="" can="" be="" made,="" epa="" will="" continue="" to="" use="" those="" procedural="" regulations="" with="" appropriate="" adjustments="" to="" reflect="" the="" new="" law.="" any="" person="" may,="" by="" august="" 30,="" 1999,="" file="" written="" objections="" to="" any="" aspect="" of="" this="" regulation="" and="" may="" also="" request="" a="" hearing="" on="" those="" objections.="" objections="" and="" hearing="" requests="" must="" be="" filed="" with="" the="" hearing="" clerk,="" at="" the="" address="" given="" under="" the="" ``addresses''="" section="" (40="" cfr="" 178.20).="" a="" copy="" of="" the="" objections="" and/or="" hearing="" requests="" filed="" with="" the="" hearing="" clerk="" should="" be="" submitted="" to="" the="" opp="" docket="" for="" this="" rulemaking.="" the="" objections="" submitted="" must="" specify="" the="" provisions="" of="" the="" regulation="" deemed="" objectionable="" and="" the="" grounds="" for="" the="" objections="" (40="" cfr="" 178.25).="" each="" objection="" must="" be="" accompanied="" by="" the="" fee="" prescribed="" by="" 40="" cfr="" 180.33(i).="" epa="" is="" authorized="" to="" waive="" any="" fee="" requirement="" ``when="" in="" the="" judgement="" of="" the="" administrator="" such="" a="" waiver="" or="" refund="" is="" equitable="" and="" not="" contrary="" to="" the="" purpose="" of="" this="" subsection.''="" for="" additional="" information="" regarding="" tolerance="" objection="" fee="" waivers,="" contact="" james="" tompkins,="" registration="" division="" (7505c),="" office="" of="" pesticide="" programs,="" environmental="" protection="" agency,="" 401="" m="" st.,="" sw.,="" washington,="" dc="" 20460.="" office="" location,="" telephone="" number,="" and="" e-mail="" address:="" rm.="" 239,="" cm="" #2,="" 1921="" jefferson="" davis="" hwy.,="" arlington,="" va,="" (703)="" 305-5697,="">tompkins.jim@epa.gov. Requests for waiver of tolerance
objection fees should be sent to James Hollins, Information Resources
and Services Division (7502C), Office of Pesticide Programs,
Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M St., SW., Washington, DC 20460.
If a hearing is requested, the objections must include a statement
of the factual issues on which a hearing is requested, the requestor's
contentions on such issues, and a summary of any evidence relied upon
by the requestor (40 CFR 178.27). A request for a hearing will be
granted if the Administrator determines that the material submitted
shows the following: There is genuine and substantial issue of fact;
there is a reasonable possibility that available evidence identified by
the requestor would, if established, resolve one or more of such issues
in favor of the requestor, taking into account uncontested claims or
facts to the contrary; and resolution of the factual issues in the
manner sought by the requestor would be adequate to justify the action
requested (40 CFR 178.32). Information submitted in connection with an
objection or hearing request may be claimed confidential by marking any
part or all of that information as CBI. Information so marked will not
be disclosed except in accordance with procedures set forth in 40 CFR
part 2. A copy of the information that does not contain CBI must be
submitted for inclusion in the public record. Information not marked
confidential may be disclosed publicly by EPA without prior notice.
VII. Public Record and Electronic Submissions
EPA has established a record for this regulation under docket
control number [OPP-300876] (including any comments and data submitted
electronically). A public version of this record, including printed,
paper versions of electronic comments, which does not include any
information claimed as CBI, is available for inspection from 8:30 a.m.
to 4 p.m., Monday through Friday, excluding legal holidays. The public
record is located in Rm. 119 of the Public Information and Records
Integrity Branch, Information Resources and Services Division (7502C),
Office of Pesticide Programs, Environmental Protection Agency, CM #2,
1921 Jefferson Davis Hwy., Arlington, VA.
Objections and hearing requests may be sent by e-mail directly to
EPA at:
opp-docket@epa.gov
E-mailed objections and hearing requests must be submitted as an
ASCII file avoiding the use of special characters and any form of
encryption.
The official record for this regulation, as well as the public
version, as described in this unit will be kept in paper form.
Accordingly, EPA will transfer any copies of objections and hearing
requests received electronically into printed, paper form as they are
received and will place the paper copies in the official record which
will also include all comments submitted directly in writing. The
official record is the paper record maintained at the Virginia address
in ``ADDRESSES'' at the beginning of this document.
VIII. Regulatory Assessment Requirements
A. Certain Acts and Executive Orders
This final rule establishes a tolerance under section 408 of the
FFDCA. The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) has exempted these
types of actions from review under Executive Order 12866, entitled
Regulatory Planning and Review (58 FR 51735, October 4, 1993). This
final rule does not contain any information collections subject to OMB
approval under the Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA), 44 U.S.C. 3501 et
seq., or impose any enforceable duty or contain any unfunded mandate as
described under Title II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995
(UMRA) (Public Law 104-4). Nor does it require any special
considerations as required by Executive Order 12898, entitled Federal
Actions to Address Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and
Low-Income Populations (59 FR 7629, February 16, 1994), or require OMB
review in accordance with Executive Order 13045, entitled Protection of
Children from Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks (62 FR 19885,
April 23, 1997).
In addition, since tolerances and exemptions that are established
on the basis of a petition under FFDCA section 408(l)(6), such as the
tolerance in this final rule, do not require the issuance of a proposed
rule, the requirements of the Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA) (5
U.S.C. 601 et seq.) do not apply. Nevertheless, the Agency previously
assessed whether establishing tolerances, exemptions from tolerances,
raising tolerance levels or expanding
[[Page 35037]]
exemptions might adversely impact small entities and concluded, as a
generic matter, that there is no adverse economic impact. The factual
basis for the Agency's generic certification for tolerance actions
published on May 4, 1981 (46 FR 24950), and was provided to the Chief
Counsel for Advocacy of the Small Business Administration.
B. Executive Order 12875
Under Executive Order 12875, entitled Enhancing the
Intergovernmental Partnership (58 FR 58093, October 28, 1993), EPA may
not issue a regulation that is not required by statute and that creates
a mandate upon a State, local or tribal government, unless the Federal
government provides the funds necessary to pay the direct compliance
costs incurred by those governments. If the mandate is unfunded, EPA
must provide to OMB a description of the extent of EPA's prior
consultation with representatives of affected State, local, and tribal
governments, the nature of their concerns, copies of any written
communications from the governments, and a statement supporting the
need to issue the regulation. In addition, Executive Order 12875
requires EPA to develop an effective process permitting elected
officials and other representatives of State, local, and tribal
governments ``to provide meaningful and timely input in the development
of regulatory proposals containing significant unfunded mandates.''
Today's rule does not create an unfunded Federal mandate on State,
local, or tribal governments. The rule does not impose any enforceable
duties on these entities. Accordingly, the requirements of section 1(a)
of Executive Order 12875 do not apply to this rule.
C. Executive Order 13084
Under Executive Order 13084, entitled Consultation and Coordination
with Indian Tribal Governments (63 FR 27655, May 19, 1998), EPA may not
issue a regulation that is not required by statute, that significantly
or uniquely affects the communities of Indian tribal governments, and
that imposes substantial direct compliance costs on those communities,
unless the Federal government provides the funds necessary to pay the
direct compliance costs incurred by the tribal governments. If the
mandate is unfunded, EPA must provide OMB, in a separately identified
section of the preamble to the rule, a description of the extent of
EPA's prior consultation with representatives of affected tribal
governments, a summary of the nature of their concerns, and a statement
supporting the need to issue the regulation. In addition, Executive
Order 13084 requires EPA to develop an effective process permitting
elected officials and other representatives of Indian tribal
governments ``to provide meaningful and timely input in the development
of regulatory policies on matters that significantly or uniquely affect
their communities.''
Today's rule does not significantly or uniquely affect the
communities of Indian tribal governments. This action does not involve
or impose any requirements that affect Indian tribes. Accordingly, the
requirements of section 3(b) of Executive Order 13084 do not apply to
this rule.
IX. Submission to Congress and the Comptroller General
The Congressional Review Act, 5 U.S.C. 801 et seq., as added by the
Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996, generally
provides that before a rule may take effect, the Agency promulgating
the rule must submit a rule report, which includes a copy of the rule,
to each House of the Congress and the Comptroller General of the United
States. EPA will submit a report containing this rule and other
required information to the U.S. Senate, the U.S. House of
Representatives and the Comptroller General of the United States prior
to publication of the rule in the Federal Register. This rule is not a
``major rule'' as defined by 5 U.S.C. 804(2).
List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 180
Environmental protection, Administrative practice and procedure,
Agricultural commodities, Pesticides and pests, Reporting and
recordkeeping requirements.
Dated: June 11, 1999.
James Jones,
Director, Registration Division, Office of Pesticide Programs.
Therefore, 40 CFR chapter I is amended as follows:
PART 180--[AMENDED]
1. The authority citation for part 180 continues to read as
follows:
Authority: 21 U.S.C. 321(q), 346(a) and 371.
2. In Sec. 180.532, by alphabetically adding the commodity
``caneberries'' to the table in paragraph (b) to read as follows:
Sec. 180.532 Cyprodinil; tolerances for residues.
(b) * * *
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Expiration/
Commodity Parts per million revocation date
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Caneberries..................... 10 12/31/00
* * * * *
------------------------------------------------------------------------
* * * * *
[FR Doc. 99-16542 Filed 6-29-99; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-F
