[Federal Register Volume 59, Number 133 (Wednesday, July 13, 1994)]
[Unknown Section]
[Page 0]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 94-16983]
[[Page Unknown]]
[Federal Register: July 13, 1994]
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DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
[OPPTS-41041; FRL-4870-4]
Thirty-Fourth Report of the TSCA Interagency Testing Committee to
the Administrator; Receipt of Report and Request for Comments
AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
ACTION: Notice.
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SUMMARY: The TSCA Interagency Testing Committee (ITC), established
under section 4(e) of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA),
transmitted its Thirty-Fourth Report to the Administrator of EPA on May
17, 1994. As noted in this Report, which is included with this notice,
the ITC revised the Priority Testing List by: (1) changing a
recommendation for one chemical, white phosphorus, to a designation,
(2) recommending two chemicals, ethyl tert-butyl ether and tert-amyl
methyl ether, and (3) removing eight chemicals from the List. The eight
chemicals being removed from the List are: methyl methacrylate, diethyl
phthalate, N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine, acetophenone, phenol, N,N-
dimethylaniline, ethyl acetate, and 2,6-dimethylphenol. The Report
states the reasons for the removal of these chemicals from the List.
EPA invites interested persons to submit written comments on the
Report.
In addition, EPA is soliciting interested parties for participation
in or monitoring of a TSCA section 4 testing consent agreement
development process for white phosphorus that was designated for
amphibian, reptile, wild mammal, and aquatic plant acute toxicity
testing; and terrestrial plant uptake and translocation testing. EPA is
also inviting manufacturers and/or processors of white phosphorus who
wish to participate in testing negotiations for white phosphorus to
develop and submit testing agreement proposals to EPA.
EPA has already solicited interested parties in developing testing
agreements for ethyl tert-butyl ether and tert-amyl methyl ether (59 FR
18399, April 18, 1994).
DATES: Written comments on the 34th ITC Report should be submitted by
August 12, 1994. Written testing proposals must be received by
September 12, 1994. Written notice of interest in being designated an
``interested party'' to the development or monitoring of a consent
agreement for white phosphorus must be received by September 12, 1994.
Those submitting written testing proposals will be considered
``interested parties'' and do not have to submit separate written
notice. EPA will contact all ``interested parties'' and advise them of
meeting dates.
ADDRESSES: Send six copies of written submissions to: TSCA Public
Docket Office (7407), Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics,
Environmental Protection Agency, Rm. B-607 NEM, 401 M St., SW.,
Washington, DC 20460. Submissions should bear the document control
number (OPPTS-41041; FRL-4870-4).
The public record supporting this action, including comments, is
available for public inspection in Rm. B-607 NEM at the address noted
above from 12 noon to 4 p.m., Monday through Friday, except legal
holidays.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Susan B. Hazen, Director,
Environmental Assistance Division (7408), Office of Pollution
Prevention and Toxics, Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M St., SW.,
Rm. E-543B, Washington, DC 20460, (202) 554-1404, TDD (202) 554-0551.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: EPA has received the TSCA Interagency
Testing Committee's Thirty-Fourth Report to the Administrator.
I. Background
TSCA (Pub. L. 94-469, 90 Stat. 2003 et seq; 15 U.S.C. 2601 et seq.)
authorizes the Administrator of EPA to promulgate regulations under
section 4(a) requiring testing of chemicals and chemical groups in
order to develop data relevant to determining the risks that such
chemicals and chemical groups may present to health or the environment.
Section 4(e) of TSCA established the Interagency Testing Committee to
recommend chemicals and chemical groups to the Administrator of EPA for
priority testing consideration. Section 4(e) directs the ITC to revise
the TSCA section 4(e) Priority Testing List at least every 6 months.
The most recent revisions to this List are included in the ITC's
Thirty-Fourth Report. The Report was received by the Administrator on
May 17, 1994, and is included in this Notice. The Report changes a
recommendation for one chemical, recommends two chemicals, and removes
eight chemicals from the TSCA section 4(e) Priority Testing List.
II. Written and Oral Comments
EPA invites interested persons to submit detailed comments on the
ITC's Report. All submissions should bear the identifying docket number
(OPPTS-41041).
EPA invites interested persons to submit detailed comments on the
ITC's new recommendations. The Agency is interested in receiving
information concerning additional or ongoing health and safety studies
on the subject chemicals as well as information relating to the human
and environmental exposure to these chemicals.
A notice will be published at a later date in the Federal Register
adding the substances recommended in the ITC's ThirtyFourth Report to
the TSCA section 8(d) Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule (40 CFR
part 716), which requires the reporting of unpublished health and
safety studies on the listed chemicals.
III. Status of List
The ITC's Thirty-Fourth Report notes the change of a recommendation
for one chemical to a designation, the recommendation of two chemicals,
and the removal of eight chemicals from the Priority Testing List. The
current TSCA section 4(e) Priority Testing List contains 12 chemicals
and 12 chemical groups, with 2 chemical groups and 3 chemicals
designated for testing.
IV. Testing Consent Agreements
1. Solicitation of interested parties. EPA's procedures for
requiring the testing of chemical substances under section 4 of TSCA
include the adoption of enforceable consent agreements and the
promulgation of test rules. These processes are found at 40 CFR 790.20.
EPA has on numerous occasions been approached by chemical companies
interested in negotiating consent agreements for testing ITC chemicals
or chemical groups. As a result of these requests, EPA is now inviting
persons interested in participating in or monitoring negotiations on
the chemical designated in the Thirty-Fourth ITC Report to notify EPA
in writing. Those who respond to this solicitation by the deadline
established in this notice will have the status of ``interested
parties'' and will be afforded opportunities to participate in the
negotiation process. These ``interested parties'' will not incur any
obligations by being designated ``interested parties.''
2. Solicitation of testing proposals for consent agreement
negotiations. EPA is also now soliciting testing proposals for a
consent agreement to perform amphibian, reptile, wild mammal, and
aquatic plant acute toxicity testing; and terrestrial plant uptake and
translocation testing on white phosphorus. Following publication of
this notice, manufacturers and/or processors have 60 days to develop
and submit testing proposals that they wish EPA to consider as
candidates for consent agreement negotiations for white phosphorus.
Testing guidelines for the designated tests include: (1) Lemna Acute
Toxicity Test at 40 CFR 797.1160, (2) Plant Uptake and Translocation
Test at 40 CFR 797.2850, (3) Amphibian Acute Toxicity Test, (4)
Reptilian Acute Toxicity Test, (5) Wild Mammal Acute Toxicity Test.
These guidelines are available to the public through the TSCA Public
Docket Office and the Environmental Assistance Division listed above.
These guidelines should be reviewed before submitting any testing
proposals in response to this notice.
For additional technical information on these testing guidelines
contact Dr. Barnett Rattner, Department of The Interior, (301) 497-
5671.
All testing proposals submitted should describe the testing to be
performed and explain any deviations from the test protocols.
EPA will review the submissions and select the most promising
submissions as candidates for negotiation. Submissions that fully
address the ITC's concerns will have a higher chance of success than
those that do not fully address all data needs.
3. Negotiation of testing program and development of a testing
consent agreement. EPA will follow the negotiation procedures under 40
CFR 790.22, and to the extent feasible, the timetable outlined in 40
CFR part 790, appendix A to subpart B.
For additional information about process or negotiations contact
Frank Kover, Chief, Chemical Testing and Information Branch, (202) 260-
8130.
Authority: 15 U.S.C. 2603.
Dated: June 30, 1994.
Charles M. Auer,
Director, Chemical Control Division, Office of Pollution Prevention and
Toxics.
Thirty-Fourth Report of the TSCA Interagency Testing Committee to the
Administrator, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
SUMMARY: This is the 34th Report of the TSCA Interagency Testing
Committee (ITC) to the Administrator of the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA). The ITC is revising its Priority Testing List
by changing a recommendation for one chemical, white phosphorus, to a
designation for action by the Administrator within 12 months,
recommending two chemicals, ethyl tert-butyl ether and tert-amyl methyl
ether and by removing eight chemicals. White phosphorus is being
designated to meet the data needs of the Department of Interior (DOI);
discussions are ongoing with the Agency for Toxic Substances and
Disease Registry (ATSDR), the Department of Defense (DOD), and EPA to
coordinate their data needs with those of DOI. Ethyl tert-butyl ether
and tert-amyl methyl ether are being recommended for health effects
testing because EPA needs these data for ongoing assessments. Methyl
methacrylate and diethyl phthalate are being removed from the List
because dermal absorption rate data are available that are likely to
satisfy the data needs of the Occupational Health and Safety
Administration (OSHA). N-Phenyl-1-naphthylamine is being removed from
the List because studies reviewed by the ITC did not increase concerns
for cancer and the ITC's priorities do not include designating the
chemical at this time. Acetophenone, phenol, N,N-dimethylaniline, ethyl
acetate and 2,6-dimethylphenol are being removed from the List because
EPA proposed the testing designated by the ITC in its 27th Report in a
test rule that was published on November 22, 1993 (58 FR 61654).
I. Background
The TSCA Interagency Testing Committee (ITC) was established by
section 4(e) of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA):
...to make recommendations to the Administrator respecting the
chemical substances and mixtures to which the Administrator should
give priority consideration for the promulgation of a rule for
testing under section 4(a).... At least every six months..., the
Committee shall make such revisions in the List as it determines to
be necessary and to transmit them to the Administrator together with
the Committee's reasons for the revisions...
(Public Law 94-469, 90 Stat. 2003 et seq., 15 U.S.C. 2601 et
seq.).
Since its creation in 1976, the ITC has submitted 33 semi-annual
Reports to the EPA Administrator transmitting the Priority Testing List
and its revisions. These Reports have been published in the Federal
Register (FR) and are available from the ITC. The ITC meets monthly and
produces its revisions with the help of staff and technical contract
support provided by EPA. ITC membership and support personnel are
listed at the end of this Report.
Following receipt of the ITC's Report and the addition of chemicals
to the Priority Testing List, the EPA's Office of Pollution Prevention
and Toxics adds these chemicals to TSCA section 8(a) and 8(d) rules
that require manufacturers, processors, and/or distributors of these
chemicals to submit production and exposure data (8a), and health and
safety studies (8d), within 2 months of the rules' effective date. The
submissions are indexed and maintained by EPA. The ITC reviews the 8(a)
and 8(d) information and other available data on chemicals and chemical
groups (e.g., TSCA section 8(e) ``substantial risk'' studies, ``For
Your Information'' (FYI) submissions to EPA and published papers) to
determine if revisions to the Priority Testing List are necessary.
Revisions can include changing a recommendation to a designation for
action by the Administrator within 12 months, modifying the recommended
testing, or removing the chemical or chemical group from the List.
II. Revisions to the TSCA Section 4(e) Priority Testing List
The ITC's revisions to its TSCA Section 4(e) Priority Testing List
are summarized in the following Table 1.
Table 1. Chemicals Designated, Recommended and Removed From the TSCA
Section 4(e) Priority Testing List
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CAS No. Chemical/Group Action Date
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7723-14-0........... White phosphorus.... Designate 5/94
Previously
Recommended
Chemical for
Amphibian,
Reptile, Wild
Mammal, and
Aquatic Plant
Acute Toxicity
Testing; and
Terrestrial Plant
Uptake and
Translocation
Testing.
637-92-3............ Ethyl tert-butyl Recommend for 5/94
ether. health effects
testing.
994-05-8............ Tert-amyl methyl Recommend for 5/94
ether. health effects
testing.
80-62-6............. Methyl methacrylate. Remove Previously 5/94
Recommended
Chemical.
84-66-2............. Diethyl phthalate... Remove Previously 5/94
Recommended
Chemical.
90-30-2............. N-Phenyl-1- Remove Previously 5/94
naphthylamine. Recommended
Chemical.
98-86-2............. Acetophenone........ Remove Previously 5/94
Designated
Chemical.
108-95-2............ Phenol.............. Remove Previously 5/94
Designated
Chemical.
121-69-7............ N,N-Dimethylaniline. Remove Previously 5/94
Designated
Chemical.
141-78-6............ Ethyl acetate....... Remove Previously 5/94
Designated
Chemical.
576-26-1............ 2,6-Dimethylphenol.. Remove Previously 5/94
Designated
Chemical.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
III. Rationale for the revisions
A. ITC's Activities During this Reporting Period
During the 6 months covered by this Report, November 1993 through
April 1994, the ITC reviewed the TSCA section 8(a) and section 8(d)
submissions and other available data for white phosphorus and N-phenyl-
1-naphthylamine and dermal absorption data for diethyl phthalate and
methyl methacrylate, and made decisions with respect to their
dispositions on the Priority Testing List.
B. Specific Rationales
1. Designated chemical -- White phosphorus--a. Background.
Thousands of ducks in wetlands at an artillery impact area have been
poisoned by white phosphorus. The Department of Interior (DOI) is
concerned about the persistence of white phosphorus in wetland
sediments, the adverse effects of white phosphorus on wildlife, and the
indirect effects of white phosphorus on endangered species that feed on
carcasses of white phosphorus-poisoned wildlife.
In November 1991, based on DOI's data needs, the ITC recommended
testing to determine the persistence of white phosphorus in surface
waters and sediments and the toxicity to migratory birds and other
wildlife (see the ITC's 29th Report in 56 FR 67424, December 30, 1991).
Since that recommendation, the DOI has considered these and other data
needs. Discussions at ITC meetings, are ongoing with the Agency for
Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), the Department of
Defense (DOD), and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to
coordinate their data needs with those of DOI. Several Federal
Government organizations have past and ongoing activities that could
result in the identification of additional data needs for white
phosphorus and more ITC testing designations. Some of these activities
are described below.
ATSDR is drafting a toxicological profile on white phosphorus. DOD
is supporting studies on white phosphorus because it is detected in
wetlands on DOD munitions testing sites. In 1990, EPA published a
Drinking Water Health Advisory for white phosphorus (Ref. 20). In 1992
and 1993, EPA obtained 1991 and 1992 data under the Toxics Release
Inventory (TRI), indicating that during each of these years about
300,000 pounds of white phosphorus were released to land (Ref. 17).
These releases are an order of magnitude lower than reported for
previous years (56 FR 67424) and reflect, in part, more accurate record
keeping by white phosphorus manufacturers. In 1993, EPA and DOD
conducted 4 seminars on ``technologies for remediating sites
contaminated with explosive and radioactive wastes'' (Ref. 21). In
1993, EPA also prepared a handbook entitled ``Approaches for the
Remediation of Federal Sites Contaminated with Explosive and
Radioactive Wastes'' (Ref. 22). White phosphorus was extensively
discussed in the seminars and the handbook. EPA is making a
determination of whether there are health effects data needed for white
phosphorus under Title III of the Clean Air Act. ITC will coordinate
ATSDR, DOD and EPA data needs with those of DOI and determine if
additional testing needs to be designated in a future ITC report.
The Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) has two Registry numbers for
white phosphorus: 7723-14-0, as a general number for white, yellow,
black and red phosphorus, and 12185-10-3 specifically for white
phosphorus. The ITC used CAS No. 7723-14-0 in the 29th Report, because
it is the most commonly used for white phosphorus. It is used to record
production volume and environmental release data as well as most
published and unpublished studies. In response to the ITC's 29th Report
testing recommendations, EPA promulgated TSCA section 8(a) and 8(d)
rules for CAS No. 7723-14-0 on March 12, 1993, and for CAS No. 12185-
10-3 on December 27, 1993. The manufacturers, processors and
distributors of white phosphorus submitted section 8(a) reports and
section 8(d) studies only for 7723-14-0. Therefore, the ITC is only
designating white phosphorus as CAS No. 7723-14-0 and requesting that
EPA remove CAS No. 12185-10-3 from the TSCA section 8(d) rule.
b. Designated testing. To meet the data needs of DOI, the ITC is
designating white phosphorus for amphibian, reptile, wild mammal and
aquatic plant acute toxicity testing, and terrestrial plant uptake and
translocation testing.
c. Rationale for designation. DOI reviewed the submitted section
8(a) and 8(d) data as well as TSCA section 8(e), FYI, and published
papers for white phosphorus. It continues to be concerned about the
persistence of white phosphorus in wetland sediments, adverse effects
on wildlife that feed on white phosphorus-contaminated sediments, and
the potential adverse effects on endangered species that feed on
carcasses of wildlife that die from white phosphorus poisoning.
Although DOI is working with DOD to conduct and coordinate testing and
field investigations of white phosphorus, DOI has data needs that are
not included in this coordinated, government-funded program. These
additional data are needed by DOI to assess the ecological risks posed
by white phosphorus.
d. Supporting information. DOI nominated white phosphorus to the
ITC in 1991 because persistence and ecotoxicity data were needed to
assess the ecological risks posed by white phosphorus. The results of
studies submitted under TSCA section 8(d) and section 8(e), other
relevant data, and ongoing activities are presented below along with
the specific rationales for the designated tests.
(1) Exposure information--production/use/disposal/exposure/release.
In 1990, approximately 700 million pounds of white phosphorus were
produced (Ref. 2). Based on 1991 and 1992 TRI data, about 300,000
pounds are released annually from production facilities (Ref. 17). The
amounts of white phosphorus released during munitions testing,
pesticides manufacturing and other uses is unknown to the ITC.
Every year since 1980, up to 3,000 waterfowl (dabbling ducks), 50
swans, and an undetermined number of shorebirds appear to have died
from white phosphorus poisoning at an artillery impact area in the
estuarine wetlands of Eagle River Flats, Cook Inlet, Alaska. This
wildlife mortality continues despite the fact that on September 10,
1991, the Assistant Secretary of the Army (Installations, Logistics,
and Environment) suspended the Army's firing of white phosphorus
munitions in wetland areas.
White phosphorus has been detected in water samples (0.013-0.069
g/L) from Eagle River Flats (Ref. 10). White phosphorus
particles have been visually identified and chemically-confirmed at
concentrations of 10 ppm in sediments (Refs. 11 and 23). White
phosphorus has been isolated from the gizzards of dead mallard ducks,
Anas platyrhynchos (Ref. 11). Exposure of at least a dozen avian
species has been documented through chemical detection of white
phosphorus in gizzard, liver, muscle, fat or skin (Refs. 11, 13, and
23).
White phosphorus contamination at artillery impact areas is
currently being investigated by Simmers et al. (Ref. 14). Sampling
results from 21 of the 23 DOD installations indicate that white
phosphorus was detected (detection limit of 1 g/kg) at seven
of the installations (Ref. 3).
(2) Chemical fate information. Degradation rates of white
phosphorus solutions have been characterized in an aqueous in vitro
test system (Ref. 4), and appear to be dependent on dissolved oxygen,
pH and temperature. Under aerobic conditions, solutions of white
phosphorus are rapidly oxidized (or possibly hydrolyzed or volatilized;
Ref. 15) and its concentration decreases monotonically with time (282
to 1762 g/L yielded a half-life of 3 hours for the initial 24
hour period). However, degradation rates are reduced at temperatures
below 22 deg.C and in closed (non-aerated) test systems. Under such
conditions, white phosphorus half-life increases from hours to weeks.
When sediments were tested in a modified aqueous in vitro test system,
degradation rates of white phosphorus were slower in sediment than in
water (Ref. 5).
White phosphorus in sediments at the estuarine wetlands of Eagle
River Flats, Alaska is often found as particulates, ranging in diameter
from 0.15 to 3.5 mm (corresponding to the size range of food items and
gizzard material selected by many species of waterfowl), and at
sediment depths of up to 30 cm (Ref. 10). White phosphorus particles
appear to be quite persistent in the saturated saline sediments of
Eagle River Flats, but volatilize as sediments dry below 20 percent
moisture (Ref. 23). Factors that affect persistence of white phosphorus
in sediments include sediment porosity, moisture content and
temperature, all of which interact to determine the rate of
sublimation. Oxygen may slow sublimation by the formation of oxidation
products around the particles that impose a diffusion barrier to white
phosphorus vapor. Using data on the dissolution rate of white
phosphorus particles in water (Ref. 15), Walsh (Ref. 23) estimated the
dissolution of a 1 mm diameter white phosphorus sphere to be 8 years.
The extent of particulate white phosphorus contamination in the United
States remains largely unknown.
The rate of oxidation of white phosphorus particles in aerated-soil
is highly variable depending on environmental conditions (Refs. 1, 12
and 24). Using a model to estimate the fate of white phosphorus
particles in soil, Spanggord et al. estimated that particles buried in
soil could persist for several years, and if an ``oxidized coat'' were
formed, particles could persist for thousands of years (Ref. 15).
These data demonstrate the persistence of white phosphorus in
sediments. Therefore, the ITC is not designating further chemical fate
testing of white phosphorus at this time.
(3) Health effects information. The ITC's 29th Report summarized
available health effects data for white phosphorus. These data indicate
that white phosphorus is highly toxic to humans and laboratory animals
(56 FR 67424; December 30, 1991). As noted in the summary of this 34th
Report, discussions are ongoing with ATSDR, DOD and EPA to coordinate
their data needs with those of DOI. The ITC is not designating further
health effects testing at this time because those discussions have not
been completed.
(4) Ecological effects information-- Acute and subchronic effects
(short-term). The ITC's 29th Report summarized laboratory and field
studies for white phosphorus. These studies indicated that white
phosphorus is highly toxic to aquatic organisms (56 FR 67424, December
30, 1991).
Thirty-day bioassays are currently being conducted by the U.S. Army
Environmental Hygiene Agency to measure the toxicity of white
phosphorus contaminated sediments from Eagle River Flats to the
crustacean, Hyallela azteca and the midge larve, Chironomus riparius
(Ref. 10).
The median lethal dose for adult male and juvenile mallard ducks
gavaged with white phosphorus dissolved in corn oil vehicle was 6.5 mg/
kg (Ref. 10). Signs of toxicity include slow rhythmic lateral head
shaking, and lethargy, followed by convulsions. Birds often succumb
within 1 to 2 hours, but in other instances may linger for up to 55
hours prior to death. Concentrations of white phosphorus in dosed
mallards exceed 0.25 g/g in fat, skin and liver (Refs. 10 and
11).
The acute median lethal dose of white phosphorus in female mallards
is being estimated by Sparling (Ref. 16). The females appear to be
slightly more tolerant than male and juvenile birds (LD50>10 mg/kg)
(Ref. 16). An estimation of the lowest observable effect level (LOEL)
will be determined by Sparling (Ref. 16) using white phosphorus pellets
without vehicle, because a corn oil vehicle may affect absorption and
toxicity.
Increasing evidence suggests the potential for widespread white
phosphorus pollution in wetlands. While white phosphorus toxicity data
have been or are being developed for aquatic and avian species that
inhabit wetlands. There are no white phosphorus toxicity data for
amphibians, reptiles, and wild mammals that frequent temperate zone
wetland habitats. In addition, some mammals, including furbearers
(e.g., mink), frequent wetlands and are known to be far more sensitive
to certain environmental pollutants (e.g., PCBs) than laboratory
rodents. For these reasons, DOI needs amphibian, reptile, and wild
mammal acute toxicity test data for its white phosphorus risk
assessment.
Based on limited available data and DOI's data needs, the ITC is
designating white phosphorus for amphibian, reptile, and wild mammal
acute toxicity testing.
Chronic (long-term) effects. The ITC's 29th Report described
laboratory studies that demonstrated the chronic toxicity of white
phosphorus to aquatic organisms (56 FR 67424, December 30, 1991).
Based on these data and ongoing DOI studies, the ITC is not
designating further chronic aquatic toxicity testing at this time.
Metabolism and pharmacokinetics. Data for laboratory mammals were
summarized in the ITC's 29th Report (56 FR 67424, December 30, 1991).
Recent studies suggest that acute white phosphorus toxicity in warm-
blooded animals may be due to the nonenzymatic metabolism of white
phosphorus to phosphine (Ref. 8).
A recent publication described the uptake and loss of white
phosphorus in American kestrels or sparrow hawks (Falco sparverius)
(Ref. 9). This study indicated that although uptake of white phosphorus
was rapid, bioaccumulation is limited in American kestrels because of
chemical or enzymatic degradation.
Uptake and depuration studies of white phosphorus administered to
mallards below the LD50 will be studied by Sparling (Ref. 16).
Pharmacokinetics will be studied by Sparling (Ref. 16) at various
intervals for a 10-day period in breast muscle, gizzard, abdominal fat,
skin, liver, pancreas and blood. Sparling (Ref. 16) will also study
histopathological and biochemical biomarkers of exposure.
Based on these data and ongoing DOI studies, the ITC is not
designating further metabolism and pharmacokinetic testing at this
time.
Reproductive effects. In rats, 75 g/kg/day of white
phosphorus reduced pregnancy rates (Ref. 6), increased death rates of
females in late gestation (Ref. 7), increased parturition-related
difficulties (Ref. 18), and increased the number of dead pups at birth
(Ref. 19). The birth defects caused by white phosphorus, and the
presence of white phosphorus in herring gull eggs collected in Eagle
River Flats (Ref. 8), suggest the need for reproductive effects studies
in birds. DOI is planning preliminary studies to investigate fertility
rates of male and female mallards repeatedly gavaged (chronic exposure)
with low doses of white phosphorus (Ref. 16).
Based on the studies conducted by Monsanto and planned DOI studies,
the ITC is not designating further reproductive effects testing at this
time.
Other ecological effects. Predation of ducks poisoned by white
phosphorus was systematically monitored at Eagle River Flats in the
spring and fall of 1991 (Ref. 13). Twenty-four instances of predation
of sick or dead dabbling ducks by bald eagles (Haliaetus
leucocephalus), herring gulls (Larus argentatus) and common ravens
(Corvus corax) were observed. Other predators, including northern
harrier (Circus cyaneus) and coyotes (Canis latrans) have been observed
to hunt over the Flats. Many decaying bald eagle carcasses have been
found at or near Eagle River Flats, and the single carcass tested was
positive for white phosphorus in fatty tissues (Refs. 10 and 13). Based
on these observations, and the risk assessment of Roebuck et al. (Ref.
13), there is considerable potential for secondary poisoning of
predators, including endangered species.
DOI will investigate secondary poisoning of predators (raptors and
other scavengers) using captive American kestrels fed northern bobwhite
quail chicks (Colinus virginianus) that had been gavaged with 1 mg/kg
pelletized white phosphorus for a 10-day period (Ref. 16). Mortality,
biochemical and histopathological biomarkers of toxicity, and white
phosphorus burdens in kestrels will be studied (Ref. 16).
Based on data published by Racine (Ref. 10) and Roebuck (Ref. 13)
and planned DOI studies, the ITC is not designating other ecological
effects testing at this time.
Bioconcentration and food chain transport. The 29th ITC Report
noted that bioconcentration of white phosphorus was studied in three
species of fish, six species of invertebrates and in two species of
seaweed (56 FR 67424; December 30, 1991). Fish and invertebrates have
been collected at Eagle River Flats by Racine for determination of
white phosphorus uptake (Ref. 10).
A recent study suggested that large predators such as bald eagles,
that have the ability to ingest whole gizzards of prey birds, could
bioaccumulate white phosphorus because the amount ingested could exceed
the degradation capacity (Ref. 9).
Few data are available on bioconcentration and food chain transport
of white phosphorus by plants. This data need concerns DOI because
white phosphorus has been detected in or on the roots of salt marsh
plants at Eagle River Flats (Ref. 10), and because many herbivorous
wildlife species could be exposed to, and be adversely affected by,
white phosphorus as a result of uptake and bioconcentration by plants.
Based on DOI's data needs, the ITC is designating white phosphorus
for aquatic plant toxicity and terrestrial plant uptake and
translocation testing.
2. Recommended chemicals -- Ethyl tert-butyl ether and tert-amyl
methyl ether-- a. Background. The ITC designated methyl tert-butyl
ether (MTBE) for health effects testing in its 20th Report because of
concerns for widespread human exposure to low level fugitive emissions
of MTBE at gasoline pumps and the need for chronic health effects data
(52 FR 19020; May 20, 1987). In response to the ITC's designation, EPA
and MTBE manufacturers negotiated a TSCA section 4 enforceable consent
agreement to develop pharmacokinetics, genotoxicity, subchronic
toxicity, reproductive effects, developmental toxicity, neurotoxicity,
and oncogenicity data (53 FR 10391, March 31, 1988). EPA is evaluating
the data from the completed MTBE testing program.
EPA needs health effects data for two other fuel oxygenates, ethyl
tert-butyl ether (ETBE) and tert-amyl methyl ether (TAME) and is
soliciting interest in developing testing agreements for these
chemicals (59 FR 18399, April 18, 1994).
b. Recommended testing. Ethyl tert-butyl ether and tert-amyl methyl
ether are being recommended for health effects testing because EPA
needs these data for ongoing assessments.
c. Rationale for recommendation. The use of ETBE and TAME to
augment or substitute for MTBE as fuel oxygenates and the health
effects data needs of ETBE and TAME are of concern to EPA and the ITC.
Therefore, the ITC is recommending testing to obtain TSCA section 8(d)
health and safety data on ETBE and TAME to support EPA's ongoing
assessments of the potential hazards/risks posed by these two chemical
substances. The ITC will share the data with EPA and other interested
U.S. Government organizations represented on the ITC and will review
these data to determine whether ETBE and TAME should be designated for
testing or removed from the Priority Testing List. The ITC is also
requesting data on acute toxicity of gasoline mixtures containing ETBE
and/or TAME. The ITC's process of recommending ETBE and TAME and then
making decisions following data review is consistent with the process
used for MTBE. MTBE was recommended in ITC's 19th Report (51 FR 41417,
November 14, 1986) and designated in ITC's 20th Report, following ITC's
review of voluntarily submitted and TSCA section 8(d) data.
d. Supporting information. EPA's recent Federal Register notice
provides supporting information (59 FR 18399, April 18, 1994).
The requirements of the Clean Air Act (CAA), 42 U.S.C. 7401-
7671q, along with reports of adverse human health effects associated
with the use of MTBE in winter-blend gasoline, have contributed to
the need for health effects testing of ETBE and TAME.
MTBE, ETBE, and TAME are fuel oxygenates which may be used to
satisfy the following requirements under the CAA. Under section
211(m) of the CAA, 42 U.S.C. 7545, States which have certain
attainment areas for carbon monoxide (CO) must require that any
gasoline sold or dispensed to ultimate customers in a specified
portion of the nonattainment area be blended, during wintertime, to
contain not less than 2.7 percent oxygen by weight (or applicable
percentage to meet the national primary air quality standard for CO
by the established attainment date). Under section 211(k),
reformulated gasoline must be used in nonattainment areas in nine
major metropolitan areas that are designated as ozone nonattainment
areas as well as various nonattainment ``opt-in'' areas by 1995 and
the oxygen content of this gasoline must be equal to or exceed 2
percent by weight. See Final Rule, Regulation of Fuels and Fuel
Additives: Standards for Reformulated and Conventional Gasoline,
February 16, 1994 (59 FR 7716). In addition, a proposed regulation
[by EPA's Office of Air and Radiation] would require that at least
30 percent of the oxygen content of reformulated gasoline come from
renewable oxygenates, which would include ETBE. See OAR/EPA Notice
of Proposed Rulemaking, regulation of Fuels and Additives: Renewable
Oxygenate Requirement for Reformulated Gasoline, December 27, 1993
(58 FR 68343).
Recently, there have been reports from the State of Alaska and
several areas in the lower 48 states of adverse human health effects
[(e.g., headache, nausea, general malaise)] associated with the use
of MTBE in winter-blend gasoline. (See Assessment of Potential
Health Risks of Gasoline Oxygenated with MTBE, Office of Research
and Development, U.S. EPA, November 1993.)
EPA believes that additional health effects test data on fuel
oxygenates are needed to allow government agencies and industry to
compare the health risks associated with the use of these substances
to augment or substitute for MTBE as a fuel oxygenate....
(1) Exposure information--production/use/disposal/exposure/release.
Estimates published in 1991 indicate that by 1995, annual production
volumes of ETBE and TAME are expected to exceed 26 million pounds
(Refs. 29 and 30) and 6 billion pounds (Ref. 35), respectively.
Estimates published in 1994 indicate that by 1995, about 335,000
barrels per day (32 billion pounds per year) of oxygenates will be
needed to meet oxygenated-and reformulated-fuel mandates (Ref. 28).
Consumer, occupational or environmental exposures to ETBE or TAME could
be substantial based on their use as fuel oxygenates.
(2) Physical and chemical information. ETBE has a molecular weight
of 102.18, a melting point of -97 deg.C (Ref. 26), a boiling point of
72 to 73 deg.C (Ref. 26), a log octanol/water partition coefficient of
1.58 (Ref. 31), a water solubility of 12,000 mg/L at 20 deg.C (Ref.
32), a vapor pressure of 130 mm Hg at 25 deg.C (Ref. 32), and a
Henry's Law constant of 1.45 x 10-3 atm-m3/mole at 25
deg.C (Ref. 34).
TAME has a molecular weight of 102.18, a boiling point of 85 to 86
deg.C (Ref. 25), a log octanol/water partition coefficient of 1.58
(Ref. 31), a water solubility of 11,500 mg/L at 20 deg.C (Ref. 32), a
vapor pressure of 75 mm Hg at 25 deg.C (Ref. 32), and a Henry's Law
Constant of 9.15 x 10-1 atm-m3/mole at 25 deg.C (Ref. 10).
(3) Chemical fate information. The estimated atmospheric half-life
of ETBE is 1.9 /days based on a hydroxyl radical concentration of 5 x
105 OH/cm3 and a rate constant of 8.5 x 10-12 atm-
m3/molecule-sec developed by Japar et al. (Ref. 29). The estimated
atmospheric half-life of TAME is 2.3 days based on a hydroxyl radical
concentration of 5 x 105 OH/cm3 and a rate constant of 7.91
x 10-12 atm-m3/molecule-sec estimated by Atkinson (Ref.
27).
The ITC is not recommending chemical fate testing, because it is
not a high priority data need at this time.
(4) Health effects information. The ITC is recommending health
effects testing to meet EPA's data needs.
(5) Ecological effects information. The ITC is not recommending
ecological effects testing, because it is not a high priority data need
at this time.
3. Removal of chemicals from the Priority Testing List-- a.Methyl
methacrylate and diethyl phthalate. In its 32nd Report, the ITC
designated methyl methacrylate (CAS No. 80-62-6) and diethyl phthalate
(CAS No. 84-66-2) for dermal absorption testing to meet the data needs
of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) (58 FR
38490, July 16, 1993). These chemicals were added to the Priority
Testing List as members of a 34-chemical group that had inadequate
dermal absorption rate data. OSHA nominated these chemicals to the ITC
to obtain data for OSHA to determine whether skin notations should be
assigned to these chemicals.
The ITC obtained dermal absorption rate data for methyl
methacrylate (Ref. 37) and diethyl phthalate (Ref. 36) that are likely
to meet OSHA's data needs. As a result, the ITC is removing methyl
methacrylate and diethyl phthalate from the Priority Testing List and
making the data publicly available by including the references in the
EPA docket for this 34th Report and transmitting the data to OSHA and
other interested U.S. Government organizations. As a result of finding
that these data are likely to meet OSHA's data needs, the ITC requested
EPA to remove these chemicals from its TSCA section 8(a) and/or section
8(d) rules before the May 10, 1994 reporting deadline. EPA removed
methyl methacrylate and diethyl phthalate from these TSCA section 8
rules on May 2, 1994 (59 FR 22519, May 2, 1994).
b. N-Phenyl-1-naphthylamine. In its 27th Report, the ITC
recommended N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine (CAS No. 90-30-2) for
carcinogenicity testing to meet the data needs of OSHA and for chemical
fate and ecological effects testing, because of ITC concerns for
environmental persistence and aquatic toxicity (56 FR 9534, March 6,
1991).
OSHA was concerned about potential occupational exposures to N-
phenyl-1-naphthylamine in hydraulic fluids and other mixtures, and the
potential carcinogenicity of this N-substituted aromatic amine. As
noted in ITC's 27th Report, OSHA's exposure concerns were based on
1981-1983 National Occupational Exposure Survey estimates that 96,478
workers were potentially exposed to N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine almost
exclusively through trade name products. After reviewing the TSCA
section 8(a) production and exposure data, ITC Members met with the
U.S. manufacturer of N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine. At the meeting and
during subsequent discussions, the ITC Members were provided with
estimates that 800 to 900 workers were exposed to technical grade N-
phenyl-1-naphthylamine during manufacturing and processing, and
specifications showing that concentrations of N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine
in formulated lubricants were generally less than four percent (Ref.
39).
ITC Members also reviewed the TSCA section 8(d) health and safety
studies and other toxicity data on N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine that were
obtained after the 27th Report was published. Most of these studies
were conducted on formulated products that did not specify the amount
of technical grade N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine in the product. The aquatic
toxicity studies indicated that formulated products containing N-
phenyl-1-naphthylamine were several orders of magnitude less toxic than
pure N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine, which, as reported in ITC's 27th Report,
was highly toxic to aquatic organisms and teratogenic to frogs (56 FR
9534, March 6, 1991). The biodegradation studies on formulated products
containing N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine confirmed its potential
environmental persistence. The health effects studies on formulated
products containing N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine did not suggest concerns
for carcinogenicity. The results from testing a structurally-related
chemical, N-phenyl-2-naphthylamine (CAS No. 135-88-6) by the National
Toxicology Program (NTP) showed it to be noncarcinogenic in rats and
mice (Ref. 40). Based on the available health effects data and
structure-activity considerations, there is no reason to believe that
N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine would have a greater carcinogenic potential
than N- phenyl-2-naphthylamine.
The ITC is removing N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine from the Priority
Testing List because the available data did not increase concern for
carcinogenicity, and the changing priorities of the ITC do not warrant
designating the chemical for testing at this time. This decision is
consistent with the April 1993 decision by the German Advisory
Committee on Existing Chemicals of Environmental Relevance (BUA) to not
conduct priority carcinogenicity investigations of N-phenyl-1-
naphthylamine (Ref. 38).
The ITC has completed its review of TSCA section 8(d) information
for N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine, and requests that EPA remove it from the
TSCA section 8(d) rule.
c. Acetophenone, phenol, N,N-dimethylaniline, ethyl acetate and
2,6-dimethylphenol. In its 27th Report, the ITC designated
acetophenone, phenol, N,N-dimethylaniline, ethyl acetate and 2,6-
dimethylphenol to meet EPA's data needs (56 FR 9534, March 6, 1991).
The ITC is removing these chemicals from the Priority Testing List
because EPA proposed a test rule on November 22, 1993 to implement the
testing (58 FR 61654, November 22, 1993).
References
(1) Bohn, H.I., Johnson, G.V. and Cliff, J.H. ``Detoxification
of white phosphorus in soil.'' Journal of Agricultural and Food
Chemistry. 18:1172-1173 (1970).
(2) CMR (Chemical Marketing Reporter). Chemical Profile:
Phosphorus. February 18, 1991.
(3) Daniels, J. D. Letter from James D. Daniels, Project
Engineer, U.S. Army Environmental Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground,
MD to Barnett A. Rattner, Deputy Chief, Branch of Environmental
Contaminants Research, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, National
Biological Survey, Department of the Interior. Preliminary report of
results from the survey of range impact areas of 23 installations.
Dated February 28, 1994.
(4) Lai, M.G. ``Characterization of white phosphorus in water.
II. Degradation of white phosphorus in aqueous system.'' Naval
Surface Weapons Center, Silver Spring, MD. NSWC TR 79-5 (1979).
(5) Lai, M.G. ``Characterization of white phosphorus in water.
II. Behavior of white phosphorus in the water-sediment interface.''
Naval Surface Weapons Center, Silver Spring, MD. NSWC TR 81-87
(1981).
(6) Monsanto Company. ``Letter from Monsanto Company to the U.S.
EPA submitting information on elemental phosphorus with
attachments.'' TSCA 8e submission 88-890000065, microfiche number
OTS-051825, Washington, DC: OPPT, U.S. EPA (1989).
(7) Monsanto Company. ``A one-generation reproduction study in
rats with elemental phosphorus conducted by gavage in rats
(pathology report) with cover letter dated 020591.'' TSCA 8e
submission 87-910000168, microfiche number OTS-0518525-3,
Washington, DC: OPPT, U.S. EPA (1991).
(8) Nam, S.I., Roebuck, B.D., Walsh, M.E. and Racine, C.
``Biotransfer and accumulation of white phosphorus.'' Thirteenth
Annual Meeting of the Society of Environmental Toxicology and
Chemistry. Abstract 256 (1992).
(9) Nam, S.I., Roebuck, B.D. and Walsh, M.E. ``Uptake and loss
of white phosphorus in American kestrels.'' Environmental Toxicology
and Chemistry. 13:637-641 (1994).
(10) Racine, C.H. ``Eagle River Flats Progress Report.''
Department of the Army, Cold Regions Research and Engineering
Laboratory, Corps of Engineers, Hanover, New Hampshire. 18 pp.,
November 12, 1993.
(11) Racine, C.H., Walsh, M.E., Roebuck, B.D., Collins, C.M.,
Calkins, D., Reitsma, L., Buchli, P., and Goldfarb, G. ``White
phosphorus poisoning of waterfowl in an Alaskan salt marsh.''
Journal of Wildlife Diseases. 28:669-673 (1992).
(12) Rodrigues, A., Bohn, H.L. and Johnson, G.V. ``White
phosphorus as a phosphatic fertilizer.'' Soil Science Proceedings.
36:364-366 (1972).
(13) Roebuck, B.D., Walsh, M.E., Racine, C.H., Reitsma, L.,
Steele, B., and Nam, S. ``Predation of ducks poisoned by white
phosphorus: Exposure and risk to predators.'' Environmental
Toxicology and Chemistry. In Press.
(14) Simmers, J.W., Price, R.A., and Bird, S.T. ``Assessment of
white phosphorus contamination of artillery impact areas.''
Fourteenth Annual Meeting of the Society of Environmental Toxicology
and Chemistry. Abstract P509 (1993).
(15) Spanggord, R.J., Rewick, R., Chou, T.-W., Wilson, R.
Podoll, R.T., Mill, T. Parnas, T., Platz, R. and Roberts, D.L.
``Environmental fate of white phosphorus/felt and red phosphorus/
butyl rubber military screening smokes: Final report.'' SRI
International, Menlo Park, CA. ADA176922 (1985).
(16) Sparling, D.W. ``Occurrence of white phosphorus in food
chains within Eagle River Flats and its toxicity to waterfowl.''
U.S. Department of the Interior, National Biological Survey,
Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, MD. Study Plan and
Modification 30030.23 (1994).
(17) TRI (Toxics Release Inventory). Database retrieval 3/21/94.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (1994).
(18) U.S. EPA. ``U.S. EPA Status Report: elemental phosphorus
with cover letter dated 112989.'' TSCA FYI submission FYI-OTS-0785-
0423, microfiche number OTS-0000423-1, Washington, DC: OPPT, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (1989a).
(19) U.S. EPA. ``U.S. EPA Status Report: elemental phosphorus
with cover letter dated 112989.'' TSCA 8e submission 8EHQ-0889-0820,
microfiche number OTS-0518525-1, Washington, DC: OPPT, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (1989b).
(20) U.S. EPA. ``White Phosphorus Health Advisory.'' U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Drinking Water. NTIS PB
91-161025 (1990).
(21) U.S. EPA. ``Seminar on technologies for remediating sites
contaminated with explosive and radioactive wastes.'' U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Research and Development
and Department of Defense. EPA/625/K-93/001 (1993).
(22) U.S. EPA. ``Handbook: approaches for the remediation of
Federal facility sites contaminated with explosive or radioactive
wastes.'' U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Research
and Development. EPA/625/R-93/013 (1993).
(23) Walsh, M.E. ``White phosphorus: An environmental
contaminant.'' Master of Science Thesis. Thayer School of
Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire. 119 pp.
(1993).
(24) Warnock, R.E. ``Escape of elemental phosphorus from soil
applied as white phosphorus or the phosphorus-sulfur eutectic
solution.'' Journal of Environmental Quality 1:311-314 (1972).
(25) Aldrich. Catalog of Fine Chemicals 1990-1991 Milwaukee, WI:
Aldrich Chem CO. p. 98 (1990).
(26) Aldrich. Catalog of Fine Chemicals 1990-1991 Milwaukee, WI:
Aldrich Chem CO. p. 239 (1990).
(27) Atkinson, R. ``Kinetics and Mechanisms of the Gas-Phase
Reactions of the Hydroxyl Radical with Organic Compounds.'' Journal
of Physical Chemical Reference Data. D.R. Lide, Jr., Ed. American
Chemical Society. p. 142 (1989).
(28) Chemical Engineering. ``The drive for cleaner-burning
fuel.'' Chemical Engineering. p. 61, January 1994.
(29) Chemicalweek. ``ETBE gains presence in reformulated fuel.''
Chemicalweek. p. 9, July 31, 1991.
(30) Chemicalweek. ``Clean air drives the MTBE race.''
Chemicalweek. p. 22, July 31, 1991.
(31) CLOGP. CLOGP-PCGEMS-Graphic Exposure Modeling System.
CLOGP, U.S.EPA (1986).
(32) Evans, T.W. Edlund, K.R. ``Tertiary Alkyl Ethers
Preparation and Properties.'' 1ndustrial and Engineering Chemistry.
28:1186 (1936).
(33) Japar, S.M., Wallington, T.J., Rudy, S.J., Chang, T.Y.
``Ozone-Forming Potential of a Series of Oxygenated Organic
Compounds. Environmental Science Technology. 25:415-420 (1991).
(34) Lyman, W.J., Reehl, W.F., and Rosenblatt, D.H. Handbook of
Chemical Property Estimation Methods. Environmental Behavior of
Organic Compounds. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society. pp. 4-
9, 5-4, 5-10, 7-4, 7-5, 15-15 to 15-32 (1990).
(35) NFR. ``Over half-million B/D of oxygenate may be needed to
supply demand due to CAA.'' New Fuels Report. p. 12, February 25,
1991.
(36) Scott, R.C., Dugard, P.H., Ramsey, J.D. and Rhodes, C. ``1n
vitro absorption of some o-phthalate diesters through human and rat
skin.'' Environmental Health Perspectives. 74:223-227 (1987).
(37) Zeneca. ``Methyl methacrylate: 1n vitro absorption through
human epidermis.'' Zeneca Central Toxicology Laboratory Report No.
CTL/P/4025 provided by the Methacrylate Producers Association,
Washington, D.C. (1993).
(38) BUA. ``N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine, BUA-Stoffbericht 113,
Stand: April 1993 (In German).'' BUA, Stuttgart (1993).
(39) Carlton, B.D. September 7, 1993 letter from Dr. Betsy D.
Carlton, Rhone-Poulenc to Dr. John D. Walker, TSCA Interagency
Testing Committee. Rhone-Poulenc, Research Triangle Park, N.C.
(1993).
(40) NTP (National Toxicology Program). ``Toxicology and
carcinogenesis studies of N- phenyl-2-napthylamine (CAS No. 135-88-
6) in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (feed studies).'' NTP TR 333.
Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services, National Institutes of Health (January 1988).
IV. The TSCA Section 4(e) Priority Testing List, as Revised (May
1994)
The TSCA Section 4(e) Priority Testing List (May 1994)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Report Date Chemical/Group Action
------------------------------------------------------------------------
23.... November 1988....... Butyraldehyde....... Recommended
23.... November 1988....... Tetrakis(2- Recommended with
chloroethyl)ethylen intent-to-designate
e diphosphate.
Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-
propyl) phosphate.
Tris(1-chloro-2-
propyl) phosphate.
Tris(2-chloro-1-
propyl) phosphate.
Tris(2-chloroethyl)-
phosphate.
26.... May 1990............ Isocyanates......... Recommended with
intent-to-designate
27.... November 1990....... Aldehydes........... Recommended with
intent-to-designate
27.... November 1990....... Sulfones............ Recommended
27.... November 1990....... Substantially Recommended
produced chemicals
in need of
subchronic toxicity
testing.
28.... May 1991............ Acetone............. Designated
28.... May 1991............ Thiophenol.......... Designated
28.... May 1991............ m-Dinitrobenzene.... Recommended
28.... May 1991............ Cyanoacrylates...... Recommended
29.... November 1991....... Alkyl-, bromo-, Recommended
chloro-,
hydroxymethyl
diaryl ethers.
30.... May 1992............ Siloxanes........... Recommended
30.... May 1992............ Chloroalkyl Recommended
phosphates.
31.... January 1993........ OSHA chemicals with Designated
no dermal toxicity
data.
31.... January 1993........ Propylene glycol Recommended
ethers and esters
(revised).
31.... January 1993........ Methyl ethylene Recommended
glycol ethers and
esters (revised).
32.... May 1993............ OSHA chemicals with Designated
insufficient dermal
absorption data.
34.... May 1994............ White phosphorus.... Designated
34.... May 1994............ Ethyl tert-butyl Recommended
ether.
34.... May 1994............ Tert-amyl methyl Recommended
ether.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
The following table list the members of the TSCA Interagency
Testing Committee.
Statutory Organizations and Their Representatives
Council on Environmental Quality
Elisabeth Blaug, Member
Department of Commerce
Edward White, Member
Willie E. May, Alternate
Environmental Protection Agency
David R. Williams, Member
Lois Dicker, Alternate
National Cancer Institute
Thomas P. Cameron, Member
Richard Adamson, Alternate
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
Errol Zeiger, Member
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
Robert W. Mason, Member
Henryka Nagy, Alternate
National Science Foundation
Linda Duguay, Member
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
Christine Whittaker, Member, Chair
Liaison Organizations and Their Representatives
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
William Cibulas, Member
Consumer Product Safety Commission
Val Schaeffer, Member
Lakshmi C. Mishra, Alternate
Department of Agriculture
Donald Derr, Member
Clifford Rice, Alternate
Department of Defense
David A. Macys, Member
James N. McDougal, Alternate
Department of the Interior
Barnett A. Rattner, Member
Food and Drug Administration
Edwin J. Matthews, Member
Raju Kammula, Alternate
National Library of Medicine
Vera Hudson, Member
National Toxicology Program
Victor A. Fung, Member
Counsel
Mary Ellen Levine, Office of General Counsel, EPA
Technical Support Contractor
Syracuse Research Corporation
Committee Staff
John D. Walker, Executive Director
Norma S.L. Williams, Executive Assistant, TSCA Interagency
Testing Committee U.S. EPA/OPPT (MC/7401) 401 M St., SW.,
Washington, DC 20460, (202) 260-1825, Fax (202) 260-1764
[FR Doc. 94-16983 Filed 7-12-94; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-F
