[Federal Register Volume 60, Number 137 (Tuesday, July 18, 1995)]
[Notices]
[Pages 36854-36866]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 95-17587]
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DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
Index of Administrator's Decisions and Orders in Civil Penalty
Actions; Publication
AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT.
ACTION: Notice of publication.
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SUMMARY: This notice constitutes the required quarterly publication of
an index of the Administrator's decisions and orders in civil penalty
cases. The FAA is publishing an index by order number, an index by
subject matter, and case digests that contain identifying information
about the final decisions and orders issued by the Administrator.
Publication of these indexes and digests is intended to increase the
public's awareness of the Administrator's decisions and orders. Also,
the publication of these indexes and digests should assist litigants
and practitioners in their research and review of decisions and orders
that may have precedential value in a particular civil penalty action.
Publication of the index by order number, as supplemented by the index
by subject matter, ensures that the agency is in compliance with
statutory indexing requirements.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
James S. Dillman, Assistant Chief Counsel for Litigation (AGC-400),
Federal Aviation Administration, 701 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Suite 925,
Washington, DC 20004; telephone (202) 376-6441.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The Administrative Procedure Act requires
Federal agencies to maintain and make available for public inspection
and copying current indexes containing identifying information
regarding materials required to be made available or published. 5
U.S.C. 552(a)(2). In a notice issued on July 11, 1990, and published in
the Federal Register (55 FR 29148; July 17, 1990), the FAA announced
the public availability of several indexes and summaries that provide
identifying information about the decisions and orders issued by the
Administrator under the FAA's civil penalty assessment authority and
the rules of practice governing hearings and appeals of civil penalty
actions. 14 CFR part 13, subpart G.
The FAA maintains an index of the Administrator's decisions and
orders in civil penalty actions organized by order number and
containing identifying information about each decision or order. The
FAA also maintains a subject-matter index, and digests organized by
order number.
In a notice issued on October 26, 1990, the FAA published these
indexes and digests for all decisions and orders issued by the
Administrator through September 30, 1990. 55 FR 45984; October 31,
1990. The FAA announced in that notice that it would publish
supplements to these indexes and digests on a quarterly basis (i.e., in
January, April, July, and October of each year). The FAA announced
further in that notice that only the subject-matter index would be
published cumulatively, and that both the order number index and the
digests would be non-cumulative.
Since that first index was issued on October 26, 1990 (55 FR 45984;
October 31, 1990), the FAA has issued supplementary notices containing
the quarterly indexes of the Administrator's civil penalty decisions as
follows:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dates of quarter Federal Register publication
------------------------------------------------------------------------
10/1/90-12/31/90........................ 56 FR 44886; 2/6/91
1/1/91-3/31/91.......................... 56 FR 20250; 5/2/91
4/1/91-6/30/91.......................... 56 FR 31984; 7/12/91
7/1/91-9/30/91.......................... 56 FR 51735; 10/15/91
10/1/91-12/31/91........................ 57 FR 2299; 1/21/92
1/1/92-3/31/92.......................... 57 FR 12359; 4/9/92
4/1/92-6/30/92.......................... 57 FR 32825; 7/23/92
7/1/92-9/30/92.......................... 57 FR 48255; 10/22/92
10/1/92-12/31/92........................ 58 FR 5044; 1/19/93
1/1/93-3/31/93.......................... 58 FR 21199; 4/19/93
4/1/93-6/30/93.......................... 58 FR 42120; 8/6/93
7/1/93-9/30/93.......................... 58 FR 58218; 10/29/93
10/1/93-12/31/93........................ 59 FR 5466; 2/4/94
1/1/94-3/31/94.......................... 59 FR 22196; 4/29/94
4/1/94-6/30/94.......................... 59 FR 39618; 8/3/94
7/1/94-12/31/94*........................ 60 FR 4454; 1/23/95
1/1/95-3/31/95.......................... 60 FR 19318; 4/17/95
------------------------------------------------------------------------
*Due to administrative oversight, the index for the third quarter of
1994, including information pertaining to the decisions and orders
issued by the Administrator between July 1 and September 30, 1994, was
not published on time. The information regarding the third quarter's
decisions and orders, as well as the fourth quarter's decisions and
orders in 1994, were included in the index published on January 23,
1995.
In the notice published on January 19, 1993, the Administrator
announced that for the convenience of the users of these indexes, the
order number index published at the end of the year would reflect all
of the civil penalty decisions for that year. 58 FR 5044; 1/19/93. The
order number indexes for the first, second, and third quarters would be
non-cumulative.
The Administrator's final decisions and orders, indexes, and
digests are available for public inspection and copying at all FAA
legal offices. (The addresses of the FAA legal offices are listed at
the end of this notice.)
Also, the Administrator's decisions and orders have been published
by commercial publishers and are available on computer databases.
(Information about these commercial publications and computer databases
is provided at the end of this notice.)
Civil Penalty Actions--Orders Issued by the Administrator
Order Number Index
(This index includes all decisions and orders issued by the
Administrator from April 1, 1995, to June 30, 1995.)
95-5, 4/26/95....... Abraham T. Araya, CP94EA0207
95-6, 4/26/95....... Roger Lee Sutton, CP93EA0370
95-7, 5/5/95........ Empire Airlines, CP94NM0064
95-8, 5/9/95........ Charter Airline, James Walker & Larry Mort,
CP93WP0005, CP93WP0012, CP93WP0003
95-9, 5/9/95........ Mary Woodhouse, CP94WP0184, 94EAJAWP0017
95-10, 5/10/95...... Mark Steven Diamond, CP94NM0105
95-11, 5/10/95...... Horizon Air Industries, Inc., CP93NM0329
95-12, 5/10/95...... Toyota Motor Sales, USA, Inc., CP93SO0269
95-13, 6/16/95...... Thomas Kilrain, CP94NE0268
95-14, 6/21/95...... Charter Airlines, James Walker & Larry Mort,
CP93WP0005, CP93WP0012, CP93WP0003
[[Page 36855]]
Civil Penalty Actions--Orders Issued by the Administrator
Subject Matter Index
(Current as of June 30, 1995)
Administrative Law Judges--Power and Authority:
Continuance of hearing............................. 91-11 Continental Airlines; 92-29 Haggland.
Credibility findings............................... 90-21 Carroll; 92-3 Park; 93-17 Metcalf; 94-3 Valley
Air; 94-4 Northwest Aircraft Rental.
Default Judgment................................... 91-11 Continental Airlines; 92-47 Cornwall; 94-8 Nunez;
94-22 Harkins; 94-28 Toyota; 95-10 Diamond.
Discovery.......................................... 89-6 American Airlines; 91-17 KDS Aviation; 91-54
Alaska Airlines; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter; 93-10 Costello.
Expert Testimony................................... 94-21 Sweeney.
Granting extensions of time........................ 90-27 Gabbert.
Hearing location................................... 92-50 Cullop.
Hearing request.................................... 93-12 Langton; 94-6 Strohl; 94-27 Larsen; 94-37
Houston.
Initial Decision................................... 92-1 Costello; 92-32 Barnhill.
Jurisdiction....................................... 90-20 Degenhardt; 90-33 Cato; 92-1 Costello; 92-32
Barnhill.
After order assessing civil penalty............ 94-37 Houston.
After complaint withdrawn...................... 94-39 Kirola.
Motion for Decision................................ 92-73 Wyatt; 92-75 Beck; 92-76 Safety Equipment; 93-11
Merkley.
Notice of Hearing.................................. 92-31 Eaddy.
Sanction........................................... 90-37 Northwest Airlines; 91-54 Alaska Airlines; 94-22
Harkins; 94-28 Toyota.
Vacating initial decision.......................... 90-20 Degenhardt; 92-32 Barnhill; 95-6 Sutton.
Agency Attorney........................................ 93-13 Medel.
Air Carrier:
Agent/independent contractor of.................... 92-70 USAir.
Careless or Reckless............................... 92-48 & 92-70 USAir; 93-18 Westair Commuter.
Employee....................................... 93-18 Westair Commuter.
Aircraft Maintenance................................... 90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 91-8 Watts Agricultural
Aviation; 93-36 & 94-3 Valley Air; 94-38 Bohan; 95-11
Horizon.
After certificate revocation....................... 92-73 Wyatt.
Minimum Equipment List (MEL)....................... 94-38 Bohan; 95-11 Horizon.
Aircraft Records:
Aircraft Operation................................. 91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation.
Maintenance Records................................ 91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation; 94-2 Woodhouse.
``Yellow tags''.................................... 91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation.
Aircraft-Weight and Balance (See Weight and Balance)
Airmen:
Pilots............................................. 91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-8 Watkins; 92-49
Richardson & Shimp; 93-17 Metcalf.
Altitude deviation................................. 92-49 Richardson & Shimp.
Careless or Reckless............................... 91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-8 Watkins; 92-49
Richardson & Shimp; 92-47 Cornwall; 93-17 Metcalf; 93-
29 Sweeney.
Flight time limitations............................ 93-11 Merkley.
Follow ATC Instruction............................. 91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-8 Watkins; 92-49
Richardson & Shimp.
Low Flight......................................... 92-47 Cornwall; 93-17 Metcalf.
See and Avoid...................................... 93-29 Sweeney.
Air Operations Area (AOA):
Air Carrier Responsibilities....................... 90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-33 Delta Air Lines; 94-1
Delta Air Lines.
Airport Operator Responsibilities.................. 90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-4 [Airport Operator]; 91-
18 [Airport Operator]; 91-40 [Airport Operator]; 91-41
[Airport Operator]; 91-58 [Airport Operator].
Badge Display...................................... 91-4 [Airport Operator]; 91-33 Delta Air Lines.
Definition of...................................... 90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-4 [Airport Operator]; 91-
58 [Airport Operator].
Exclusive Areas.................................... 90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-4 [Airport Operator]; 91-
18 [Airport Operator].
Airport Security Program (ASP):
Compliance with.................................... 91-4 [Airport Operator]; 91-18 [Airport Operator]; 91-
40 [Airport Operator]; 91-41 [Airport Operator]; 91-58
[Airport Operator]; 94-1 Delta Air Lines.
Airports
Airport Operator Responsibiliteis.................. 90-12 Continental Airlines; 91-4 [Airport Operator]; 91-
18 [Airport Operator]; 91-40 [Airport Operator]; 91-41
[Airport Operator]; 91-58 [Airport Operator].
Air Traffic Control (ATC):
Error as mitigating factor......................... 91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne.
Error as exonerating factor........................ 91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-40 Wendt.
Ground Control..................................... 91-12 Terry & Menne; 93-18 Westair Commuter.
Local Control...................................... 91-12 Terry & Menne.
[[Page 36856]]
Tapes & Transcripts................................ 91-12 Terry & Menne; 92-49 Richardson & Shimp.
Airworthiness.......................................... 91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation; 92-10 Flight
Unlimited; 92-48 & 92-70 USAir; 94-2 Woodhouse; 95-11
Horizon.
Amicus Curiae Briefs................................... 90-25 Gabbert.
Answer:
Timeliness of answer............................... 90-3 Metz; 90-15 Playter; 92-32 Barnhill; 92-47
Cornwall; 92-75 Beck; 92-76 Safety Equipment; 94-5
Grant; 94-29 Sutton; 94-30 Columna; 94-43 Perez;
What constitutes................................... 92-32 Barnhill; 92-75 Beck.
Appeals (See also Timeliness; Mailing Rule):
Briefs, Generally.................................. 89-4 Metz; 91-45 Park; 92-17 Giuffrida; 92-19 Cornwall;
92-39 Beck; 93-24 Steel City Aviation; 93-28 Strohl;
94-23 Perez: 95-13 Kilrain.
Additional Appeal Brief............................ 92-3 Park; 93-5 Wendt; 93-6 Westair Commuter; 93-28
Strohl; 94-4 Northwest Aircraft; 94-18 Luxemburg; 94-
29 Sutton.
Appellate arguments................................ 92-70 USAir.
Court of Appeals, appeal to (See Federal Courts)
``Good Cause'' for Late-Filed Brief or Notice of 90-3 Metz; 90-27 Gabbert; 90-39 Hart; 91-10 Graham; 91-
Appeal. 24 Esau; 91-48 Wendt; 91-50 & 92-1 Costello; 92-3
Park; 92-17 Giuffrida; 92-39 Beck; 92-41 Moore & Sabre
Associates; 92-52 Beck; 92-57 Detroit Metro Wayne Co.
Airport; 92-69 McCabe; 93-23 Allen; 93-27 Simmons; 93-
31 Allen; 95-2 Meronek; 95-9 Woodhouse.
Appeal dismissed as moot after complaint withdrawn. 92-9 Griffin.
Motion to Vacate construed as a brief.............. 91-11 Continental Airlines.
Perfecting an Appeal............................... 92-17 Giuffrida; 92-19 Cornwall; 92-39 Beck; 94-23
Perez; 95-13 Kilrain.
Extension of Time for (good cause for)......... 89-8 Thunderbird Accessories; 91-26 Britt Airways; 91-
32 Bargen; 91-50 Costello; 93-2 & 93-3 Wendt; 93-24
Steel City Aviation; 93-32 Nunez.
Failure to..................................... 89-1 Gressani; 89-7 Zenkner; 90-11 Thunderbird
Accessories; 90-35 P Adams; 90-39 Hart; 91-7 Pardue;
91-10 Graham; 91-20 Bargen; 91-43, 91-44, 91-46 & 91-
47 Delta Air Lines; 92-11 Alilin; 92-15 Dillman; 92-18
Bargen; 92-34 Carrell; 92-35 Bay Land Aviation; 92-36
Southwest Airlines; 92-45 O'Brien; 92-56 Montauk
Caribbean Airways; 92-67 USAir; 92-68 Weintraub; 92-78
TWA; 93-7 Dunn; 93-8 Nunez; 93-20 Smith; 93-23 & 93-31
Allen; 93-34 Castle Aviation; 93-35 Steel City
Aviation; 94-12 Bartusiak; 94-24 Page; 94-26 French
Aircraft; 94-34 American International Airways; 94-35
American International Airways; 94-36 American
International Airways; 95-4 Hanson.
What Constitutes................................... 90-4 Metz; 90-27 Gabbert; 91-45 Park; 92-7 West; 92-17
Giuffrida; 92-39 Beck; 93-7 Dunn; 94-15 Columna; 94-23
Perez; 94-30 Columna; 95-9 Woodhouse.
Service of brief:
Failure to serve other party................... 92-17 Giuffrida; 92-19 Cornwall.
Timeliness of Notice of Appeal..................... 90-3 Metz; 90-39 Hart; 91-50 Costello; 92-7 West; 92-69
McCabe; 93-27 Simmons; 95-2 Meronek; 95-9 Woodhouse.
Withdrawal of...................................... 89-2 Lincoln-Walker; 89-3 Sittko; 90-4 Nordrum; 90-5
Sussman; 90-6 Dabaghian; 90-7 Steele; 90-8 Jenkins; 90-
9 Van Zandt; 90-13 O'Dell; 90-14 Miller; 90-28 Puleo;
90-29 Sealander; 90-30 Steidinger; 90-34 D. Adams; 90-
40 & 90-41 Westair Commuter Airlines; 91-1 Nestor; 91-
5 Jones; 91-6 Lowery; 91-13 Kreamer; 91-14 Swanton; 91-
15 Knipe; 91-16 Lopez; 91-19 Bayer; 91-21 Britt
Airways; 91-22 Omega Silicone Co.; 91-23 Continental
Airlines; 91-25 Sanders; 91-27 Delta Air Lines; 91-28
Continental Airlines; 91-29 Smith; 91-34 GASPRO; 91-35
M. Graham; 91-36; Howard; 91-37 Vereen; 91-39 America
West; 91-42 Pony Express; 91-49 Shields; 91-56 Mayhan;
91-57 Britt Airways; 91-59 Griffin; 91-60 Brinton; 92-
2 Koller; 92-4 Delta Air Lines; 92-6 Rothgeb; 92-12
Bertetto; 92-20 Delta Air Lines; 92-21 Cronberg; 92-
22, 92-23, 92-24, 92-25, 92-26 & 92-28 Delta Air
Lines; 92-33 Port Authority of NY & NJ; 92-42 Jayson;
92-43 Delta; 92-44 Owens; 92-53 Humble; 92-54 & 92-55
Northwest Airlines; 92-60 Costello; 92-61 Romerdahl;
92-62 USAir; 92-63 Schaefer; 92-64 & 92-65 Delta Air
Lines; 92-66 Sabre Associates & Moore; 92-79 Delta Air
Lines; 93-1 Powell & Co.; 93-4 Harrah; 93-14 Fenske;
93-15 Brown; 93-21 Delta Air Lines; 93-22 Yannotone;
93-26 Delta Air Lines; 93-33 HPH Aviation; 94-9 B & G
Instruments; 94-10 Boyle; 94-11 Pan American Airways;
94-13 Boyle; 94-14 B & G Instruments; 94-16 Ford; 94-
33 Trans World Airlines; 94-41 Dewey Towner; 94-42
Taylor; 95-1 Diamond Aviation; 95-3 Delta Air Lines;
95-5 Araya; 95-6 Sutton; 95-7 Empire Airlines.
``Attempt''............................................ 89-5 Schultz.
Attorney Conduct:
Obstreperous or Disruptive......................... 94-39 Kirola.
Attorney Fees (See EAJA)
[[Page 36857]]
Aviation Safety Reporting System....................... 90-39 Hart; 91-12 Terry & Menne; 92-49 Richardson &
Shimp.
Balloon (Hot Air)...................................... 94-2 Woodhouse.
Bankruptcy............................................. 91-2 Continental Airlines.
Certificates and Authorizations:
Surrender when revoked............................. 92-73 Wyatt.
Civil Air Security National Airport:
Inspection Program (CASNAIP)....................... 91-4 [Airport Operator]; 91-18 [Airport Operator]; 91-
40 [Airport Operator]; 91-41 [Airport Operator]; 91-58
[Airport Operator].
Civil Penalty Amount (See Sanction)
Closing Argument (See Final Oral Argument)
Collateral Estoppel.................................... 91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation.
Complaint:
Complainant Bound By............................... 90-10 Webb; 91-53 Koller.
No Timely Answer to. (See Answer)
Partial Dismissal/Full Sanction.................... 94-19 Pony Express; 94-40 Polynesian Airways.
Timeliness of complaint............................ 91-51 Hagwood; 93-13 Medel; 94-7 Hereth; 94-5 Grant.
Withdrawal of...................................... 94-39 Kirola; 95-6 Sutton.
Compliance & Enforcement Program:
(FAA Order No. 2150.3A)............................ 89-5 Schultz; 89-6 American Airlines; 91-38 Esau; 92-5
Delta Air Lines.
Sanction Guidance Table............................ 89-5 Schultz; 90-23 Broyles; 90-33 Cato; 90-37
Northwest Airlines; 91-3 Lewis; 92-5 Delta Air Lines.
Concealment of Weapons................................. 89-5 Schultz; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter; 92-51 Koblick.
Consolidation of Cases................................. 90-12, 90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines.
Continuance of Hearing................................. 90-25 Gabbert; 92-29 Haggland.
Corrective Action (See Sanction)
Credibility of Witnesses:
Deference to ALJ................................... 90-21 Carroll; 92-3 Park; 93-17 Metcalf.
Expert witnesses (see also Witnesses).............. 90-27 Gabbert; 93-17 Metcalf.
Impeachment........................................ 94-4 Northwest Aircraft Rental.
De facto answer........................................ 92-32 Barnhill.
Deliberative Process Privilege......................... 89-6 American Airlines; 90-12, 90-18 & 90-19
Continental Airlines.
Deterrence............................................. 89-5 Schultz; 92-10 Flight Unlimited.
Discovery:
Deliberative Process:
Privilege...................................... 89-6 American Airlines; 90-12, 90-18 & 90-19
Continental Airlines.
Depositions........................................ 91-54 Alaska Airlines.
Notice of...................................... 91-54 Alaska Airlines.
Failure to Produce................................. 90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-17 KDS Aviation;
93-10 Costello.
Of Investigative File in Unrelated Case............ 92-46 Sutton-Sautter.
Sanctions for...................................... 91-17 KDS Aviation; 91-54 Alaska Airlines.
Double Jeopardy........................................ 95-8 Charter Airlines.
Due Process:
Before finding a violation......................... 90-27 Gabbert.
Violation of....................................... 89-6 American Airlines; 90-12 Continental Airlines; 90-
37 Northwest Airlines.
EAJA:
Adversary Adjudication............................. 90-17 Wilson; 91-17 & 91-52 KDS Aviation; 94-17 TCI; 95-
12 Toyota.
Appeal from ALJ decision........................... 95-9 Woodhouse.
Further proceedings................................ 91-52 KDS Aviation.
Jurisdictional over appeal......................... 92-74 Wendt.
Other expenses..................................... 93-29 Sweeney.
Prevailing party................................... 91-52 KDS Aviation.
Substantial justification.......................... 91-52 & 92-71 KDS Aviation; 93-9 Wendt.
Ex Parte Communications................................ 93-10 Costello.
Expert Witnesses (see Witness)
Extension of Time:
By Agreement of Parties............................ 89-6 American Airlines; 92-41 Moore & Sabre Associates.
Dismassal by Decisionmaker......................... 89-7 Zenkner; 90-39 Hart.
Good Cause for..................................... 89-8 Thunderbird Accessories.
Objection to....................................... 89-8 Thunderbird Accessories; 93-3 Wendt.
Who may grant...................................... 90-27 Gabbert.
Federal Courts......................................... 92-7 West.
Federal Rules of Civil Procedure....................... 91-17 KDS Aviation.
Final Oral Argument.................................... 92-3 Park.
Firearms (See Weapons):
Ferry Flights.......................................... 95-8 Charter Airlines.
Flight & Duty Time:
Circumstances beyond control of the crew........... 95-8 Charter Airlines.
Foreseeability................................. 95-8 Charter Airlines.
Late freight................................... 95-8 Charter Airlines.
Weather........................................ 95-8 Charter Airlines.
Limitation of Duty Time............................ 95-8 Charter Airlines.
Limitation of Flight Time.......................... 95-8 Charter Airlines.
[[Page 36858]]
``Other commercial flying''.................... 95-8 Charter Airlines.
Flights................................................ 94-20 Conquest Helicopters.
Freedom of Information Act............................. 93-10 Costello.
Guns (See Weapons):
Hazardous Materials Transp. Act........................ 90-37 Northwest Airlines; 92-76 Safety Equipment; 92-77
TCI; 94-19 Pony Express; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling;
95-12 Toyota.
Civil Penalty...................................... 92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling.
Corrective Action.................................. 92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota.
Culpability........................................ 92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling.
EAJA, Applicability of............................. 94-17 TCI; 95-12 Toyota.
First-time violation............................... 92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling.
Gravity of the violation........................... 92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling.
Criminal Penalty................................... 92-77 TCI; 94-31 Smalling.
Knowingly.......................................... 92-77 TCI; 94-19 Pony Express; 94-31 Smalling.
Informal Conference.................................... 94-4 Northwest Aircraft Rental.
Initial Decision:
What constitutes................................... 92-32 Barnhill.
Interference with crewmembers.......................... 92-3 Park.
Interlocutory Appeal................................... 89-6 American Airlines; 91-54 Alaska Airlines; 93-37
Airspect; 94-32 Detroit Metropolitan.
Internal FAA Policy &/or Procedures.................... 89-6 American Airlines; 90-12 Continental Airlines; 92-
73 Wyatt.
Jurisdiction:
After initial decision............................. 90-20 Degenhardt; 90-33 Cato; 92-32 Barnhill; 93-28
Strohl.
After Order Assessing Civil Penalty................ 94-37 Houston.
After withdrawal of complaint...................... 94-39.
$50,000 Limit...................................... 90-12 Continental Airlines.
EAJA cases......................................... 92-74 Wendt.
HazMat cases....................................... 92-76 Safety Equipment.
NTSB............................................... 90-11 Thunderbird Accessories.
Knowledge (See also Weapons Violations):
Of concealed weapon................................ 89-5 Schultz; 90-20 Degenhardt.
Laches (See Unreasonable Delay)
Mailing Rule........................................... 89-7 Zenkner; 90-3 Metz; 90-11 Thunderbird Accessories;
90-39 Hart.
Overnight express delivery......................... 89-6 American Airlines.
Maintenance (See Aircraft Maintenance):
Maintenance Instruction................................ 93-36 Valley Air.
Maintenance Manual..................................... 90-11 Thunderbird Accessories.
Minimum Equipment List (MEL) (See Aircraft
Maintenance):
Mootness:
Appeal dismissed as moot........................... 92-9 Griffin; 94-17 TCI.
National Aviation Safety Inspection Program (NASIP).... 90-16 Rocky Mountain.
National Transportation Safety Board:
Administrator not bound by NTSB case law........... 91-12 Terry & Menne; 92-49 Richardson & Shimp; 93-18
Westair Commuter.
Lack of Jurisdiction............................... 90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 90-17 Wilson; 92-74
Wendt.
Notice of Hearing Receipt.............................. 92-31 Eaddy.
Notice of Proposed Civil Penalty:
Initiates Action................................... 91-9 Continental Airlines.
Signature of agency attorney....................... 93-12 Langton.
Withdrawal of...................................... 90-17 Wilson.
Operate................................................ 91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 93-18 Westair Commuter.
Oral Argument:
Decision to hold................................... 92-16 Wendt.
Instructions for................................... 92-27 Wendt.
Order Assessing Civil Penalty:
Appeal from........................................ 92-1 Costello.
Withdrawl of....................................... 89-4 Metz; 90-16 Rocky Mountain; 90-22 USAir.
Parts Manufacturer Approval:
Failure to obtain.................................. 93-19 Pacific Sky Supply.
Passenger Misconduct................................... 92-3 Park.
Smoking............................................ 92-37 Giuffrida.
Penalty (See Sanction):
Person................................................. 93-18 Westair Commuter.
Proof & Evidence:
Affirmative Defense................................ 92-13 Delta Air Lines; 92-72 Giuffrida.
Burden of Proof.................................... 90-26 & 90-43 Waddell; 91-3 Lewis; 91-30 Trujillo; 92-
13 Delta Air Lines; 92-72 Giuffrida; 93-29 Sweeney.
Circumstantial Evidence............................ 90-12, 90-19 & 91-9 Continental Airlines; 93-29
Sweeney.
Credibility (See Administrative Law Judges;
Credibility of Witnesses)
Criminal standard rejected......................... 91-12 Terry & Menne.
Closing Arguments.................................. 94-20 Conquest Helicopters.
Hearsay............................................ 92-72 Giuffrida.
Preponderance of evidence.......................... 90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 90-12 Continental
Airlines; 91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-72
Giuffrida.
[[Page 36859]]
Presumption that message on ATC tape is received as 91-12 Terry & Menne; 92-49 Richardson & Shimp.
transmitted.
Presumption that a gun is deadly or dangerous...... 90-26 Waddell; 91-30 Trujillo.
Substantial evidence............................... 92-72 Giuffrida.
Pro Se Parties:
Special Considerations............................. 90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 90-3 Metz.
Prosecutorial Discretion............................... 89-6 American Airlines; 90-23 Broyles; 90-38
Continental Airlines; 91-41 [Airport Operator]; 92-46
Sutton-Sautter; 92-73 Wyatt.
Reconsideration:
Denied by ALJ...................................... 89-4 & 90-3 Metz.
Granted by ALJ..................................... 92-32 Barnhill.
Stay of Order Pending.............................. 90-31 Carroll; 90-32 Continental Airlines.
Remand................................................. 89-6 American Airlines; 90-16 Rocky Mountain; 90-24
Bayer; 91-51 Hagwood; 91-54 Alaska Airlines; 92-1
Costello; 92-76 Safety Equipment; 94-37 Houston.
Repair Station......................................... 90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 92-10 Flight Unlimited;
94-2 Woodhouse.
Request for Hearing.................................... 94-37 Houston.
Rules of Practice (14 CFR Part 13, Subpart G):
Applicability of................................... 90-12, 90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-17 KDS
Aviation.
Challenges to...................................... 90-12, 90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-21
Carroll; 90-37 Northwest Airlines.
Effect of Changes in............................... 90-21 Carroll; 90-22 USAir; 90-38 Continental Airlines.
Initiation of Action............................... 91-9 Continental Airlines.
Runway incursions...................................... 92-40 Wendt; 93-18 Westair Commuter.
Sanction:
Ability to Pay..................................... 89-5 Schultz; 90-10 Webb; 91-3 Lewis; 91-38 Esau; 92-10
Flight Unlimited; 92-32 Barnhill; 92-37 & 92-72
Giuffrida; 92-38 Cronberg; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter; 92-51
Koblick, 93-10 Costello; 94-4 Northwest Aircraft
Rental; 94-20 Conquest Helicopters.
Agency policy:
ALJ Bound by................................... 90-37 Northwest Airlines; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter.
Statements of (e.g., FAA Order 2150.3A, 90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-23 Broyles; 90-33 Cato;
Sanction Guidance Table, memoranda pertaining 90-37 Northwest Airlines; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter.
to).
Corrective Action.................................. 91-18 [Airport Operator]; 91-40 [Airport Operator]; 91-
41 [Airport Operator]; 92-5 Delta Airlines; 93-18
Westair Commuter; 94-28 Toyota.
Discovery (See Discovery)
Factors to consider................................ 89-5 Schultz; 90-23 Broyles; 90-37 Northwest Airlines;
91-3 Lewis; 91-18 [Airport Operator]; 91-40 [Airport
Operator]; 91-41 [Airport Operator]; 92-10 Flight
Unlimited; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter; 92-51 Koblick; 94-28
Toyota; 95-11 Horizon.
First-Time Offenders............................... 89-5 Schultz; 92-5 Delta Airlines; 92-51 Koblick.
HazMat (See Hazardous Materials Transp. Act)
Inexperience....................................... 92-10 Flight Unlimited.
Maintenance........................................ 95-11 Horizon.
Maximum............................................ 90-10 Webb; 91-53 Koller.
Modified........................................... 89-5 Schultz; 90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 91-38
Esau; 92-10 Flight Unlimited; 92-13 Delta Airlines; 92-
32 Barnhill.
Partial Dismissal of Complaint/Full Sanction (also 94-19 Pony Express; 94-40 Polynesian Airways.
see Complaint).
Pilot Deviation.................................... 92-8 Watkins.
Test object detection.............................. 90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines.
Unauthorized access................................ 90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-37 Northwest Airlines;
94-1 Delta Airlines.
Weapons violations................................. 90-23 Broyles; 90-33 Cato; 91-3 Lewis; 91-38 Esau; 92-
32 Barnhill; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter; 92-51 Koblick; 94-5
Grant.
Screening of Persons:
Air Carrier-failure to detect weapon Sanction...... 94-44 American Airlines.
Entering Sterile Areas............................. 90-24 Bayer; 92-58 Hoedl.
Separation of Functions................................ 90-12 Continental Airlines; 90-18 Continental Airlines;
90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-21 Carroll; 90-38
Continental Airlines; 93-13 Medel.
Service (See also Mailing Rule):
Of NPCP............................................ 90-22 USAir.
Of FNPCP........................................... 93-13 Medel.
Valid Service...................................... 92-18 Bargen.
Settlement............................................. 91-50 & 92-1 Costello.
Smoking................................................ 92-37 Giuffrida; 94-18 Luxemburg.
Standard Security Program (SSP):
Compliance with.................................... 90-12, 90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-33 Delta
Airlines; 91-55 Continental Airlines; 92-13 & 94-1
Delta Airlines.
Stay of Orders......................................... 90-31 Carroll; 90-32 Continental Airlines.
Pending judicial review............................ 95-14 Charter Airlines.
Strick Liability....................................... 89-5 Schultz; 90-27 Gabbert; 91-18 [Airport Operator];
91-40 [Airport Operator]; 91-58 [Airport Operator].
[[Page 36860]]
Test Object Detection.................................. 90-12, 90-18, 90-19, 91-9 & 91-55 Continental Airlines;
92-13 Delta Air Lines.
Proof of violation................................. 90-18, 90-19 & 91-9 Continental Airlines; 92-13 Delta
Airlines.
Sanction........................................... 90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines.
Timeliness (See also Complaint; Mailing Rule; and
Appeals):
Of response to NPCP................................ 90-22 USAir.
Of complaint....................................... 91-51 Hagwood; 93-13 Medel; 94-7 Hereth.
Of NPCP............................................ 92-73 Wyatt.
Of request for hearing............................. 93-12 Langton.
Unapproved Parts (See also Parts Manufacturer Approval) 93-19 Pacific Sky Supply.
Unauthorized Access:
To Aircraft........................................ 90-12 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 94-1 Delta
Airlines.
To Air Operations Area (AOA)....................... 90-37 Northwest Airlines; 91-18 [Airport Operator]; 91-
40 [Airport Operator]; 91-58 [Airport Operator]; 94-1
Delta Airlines.
Unreasonable Delay:
In Initiating Action............................... 90-21 Carroll.
Visual Cues Indicating Runway, Adequacy of............. 92-40 Wendt.
Weapons Violations..................................... 89-5 Schultz; 90-10 Webb; 90-20 Degenhardt; 90-23
Broyles; 90-33 Cato; 90-26 & 90-43 Waddell; 91-3
Lewis; 91-30 Trujillo; 91-38 Esau; 91-53 Koller; 92-32
Barnhill; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter; 92-51 Koblick; 92-59
Petek-Jackson; 94-5 Grant; 94-44 American Airlines.
Concealment (See Concealment)
Deadly or Dangerous................................ 90-26 & 90-43 Waddell; 91-30 Trujillo; 91-38 Esau.
First-time Offenders............................... 89-5 Schultz.
Intent to commit violation......................... 89-5 Schultz; 90-20 Degenhardt; 90-23 Broyles; 90-26
Waddell; 91-3 Lewis; 91-53 Koller.
Knowledge:
Of Weapon Concealment (See also Knowledge)..... 89-5 Schultz; 90-20 Degenhardt.
Sanction (See ``Sanction'')
Weight and Balance..................................... 94-40 Polynesian Airways.
Witnesses:
Absence of, Failure to subpoena.................... 92-3 Park
Expert testimony (see also Credibility)
Evaluation of.................................. 93-17 Metcalf; 94-3 Valley Air; 94-21 Sweeney.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Regulations (Title 14 CFR, unless otherwise noted)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.1 (maintenance)...................................... 94-38 Bohan.
1.1 (operate).......................................... 91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 93-18 Westair Commuter.
1.1 (person)........................................... 93-18 Westair Commuter.
13.16.................................................. 90-16 Rocky Mountain; 90-22 USAir; 90-37 Northwest
Airlines; 90-38 & 91-9 Continental Airlines; 91-18
[Airport Operator]; 91-51 Hagwood; 92-1 Costello; 92-
46 Sutton-Sautter; 93-13 Medel; 93-28 Strohl; 94-27
Larsen; 94-37 Houston; 94-31 Smalling.
13.201................................................. 90-12 Continental Airlines.
13.202................................................. 90-6 American Airlines; 92-76. Safety Equipment.
13.203................................................. 90-12 Continental Airlines; 90-21 Carroll; 90-38
Continental Airlines.
13.204................................................. .......................................................
13.205................................................. 90-20 Degenhardt; 91-17 KDS Aviation; 91-54 Alaska
Airlines; 92-32 Barnhill; 94-32 Detroit Metropolitan;
94-39 Kirola.
13.206................................................. .......................................................
13.207................................................ 94-39 Kirola.
13.208................................................. 90-21 Carroll; 91-51 Hagwood; 92-73 Wyatt; 92-76 Safety
Equipment; 93-13 Medel; 93-28 Strohl; 94-7 Hereth.
13.209................................................. 90-3 Metz; 90-15 Playter; 91-18 [Airport Operator]; 92-
32 Barnhill; 92-47 Cornwall; 92-75 Beck; 92-76 Safety
Equipment; 94-8 Nunez; 94-5 Grant; 94-22 Harkins; 94-
29 Sutton; 94-30 Columna; 95-10 Diamond.
13.210................................................. 92-19 Cornwall; 92-75 Beck; 92-76 Safety Equipment; 93-
7 Dunn; 93-28 Strohl; 94-5 Grant; 94-30 Columna.
13.211................................................. 89-6 American Airlines; 89-7 Zenkner; 90-3 Metz; 90-11
Thunderbird Accessories; 90-39 Hart; 91-24 Esau; 92-1
Costello; 92-9 Griffin; 92-18 Bargen; 92-19 Cornwall;
92-57 Detroit Metro. Wayne County Airport; 92-74
Wendt; 92-76 Safety Equipment; 93-2 Wendt; 94-5 Grant;
94-18 Luxemburg; 94-29 Sutton; 95-12 Toyota.
13.212................................................. 90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 91-2 Continental
Airlines.
13.213................................................. .......................................................
13.214................................................. 91-3 Lewis.
13.215................................................. 93-28 Strohl; 94-39 Kirola.
13.216................................................. .......................................................
13.217................................................. 91-17 KDS Aviation.
13.218................................................. 89-6 American Airlines; 90-11 Thunderbird Accessories;
90-39 Hart; 92-9 Griffin; 92-73 Wyatt; 93-19 Pacific
Sky Supply; 94-6 Strohl; 94-27 Larsen.
[[Page 36861]]
13.219................................................. 89-6 American Airlines; 91-2 Continental Airlines; 91-
54 Alaska Airlines; 93-37 Airspect; 94-32 Detroit
Metro. Wayne Airport.
13.220................................................. 89-6 American Airlines; 90-20 Carroll; 91-8 Watts
Aricultural Aviation; 91-17 KDS Aviation; 91-54 Alaska
Airlines; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter.
13.221................................................. 92-29 Haggland; 92-31 Eaddy; 92-52 Cullop.
13.222................................................. 92-72 Giuffrida.
13.223................................................. 91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-72 Giuffrida.
13.224................................................. 90-26 Waddell; 91-4 [Airport Operator]; 92-72
Giuffrida; 94-18 Luxemburg; 94-28 Toyota.
13.225................................................. .......................................................
13.226................................................. .......................................................
13.227................................................. 90-21 Carroll.
13.228................................................. 92-3 Park.
13.229................................................. .......................................................
13.230................................................. 92-19 Cornwall.
13.231................................................. 92-3 Park.
13.232................................................. 89-5 Schultz; 90-20 Degenhardt; 92-1 Costello; 92-18
Bargen; 92-32 Barnhill; 93-28 Strohl; 94-28 Toyota; 95-
12 Toyota.
13.233................................................. 89-1 Gressani; 89-4 Metz; 89-5 Schultz; 89-7 Zenkner;
89-8 Thunderbird Accessories; 90-3 Metz; 90-11
Thunderbird Accessories; 90-19 Continental Airlines;
90-20 Degenhardt; 90-25 & 90-27 Gabbert; 90-35 P.
Adams; 90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-39 Hart; 91-2
Continental Airlines; 91-3 Lewis; 91-7 Pardue; 91-8
Watts Agricultural Aviation; 91-10 Graham; 91-11
Continental Airlines; 91-12 Bargen; 91-24 Esau; 91-26
Britt Airways; 91-31 Terry & Menne; 91-32 Bargen; 91-
43 & 91-44 Delta; 91-45 Park; 91-46 Delta; 91-47
Delta; 91-48 Wendt; 91-52 KDS Aviation; 91-53 Koller;
92-1 Costello; 92-3 Park; 92-7 West; 92-11 Alilin; 92-
15 Dillman; 92-16 Wendt; 92-18 Bargen; 92-19 Cornwall;
92-27 Wendt; 92-32 Barnhill; 92-34 Carrell; 92-35 Bay
Land Aviation; 92-36 Southwest Airlines; 92-39 Beck;
92-45 O'Brien; 92-52 Beck; 92-56 Montauk Caribbean
Airways; 92-57 Detroit Metro. Wayne Co. Airport; 92-67
USAir; 92-69 McCabe; 92-72 Giuffrida; 92-74 Wendt; 92-
78 TWA; 93-5 Wendt; 93-6 Westair Commuter; 93-7 Dunn;
93-8 Nunez; 93-19 Pacific Sky Supply; 93-23 Allen; 93-
27 Simmons; 93-28 Strohl; 93-31 Allen; 93-32 Nunez; 94-
9 B & G Instruments; 94-10 Boyle; 94-12 Bartusiak; 94-
15 Columna; 94-18 Luxemburg; 94-23 Perez; 94-24 Page;
94-26 French Aircraft; 94-28 Toyota; 95-2 Meronek; 95-
9 Woodhouse; 95-13 Kilrain.
13.234................................................. 90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-31 Carroll; 90-32 & 90-
38 Continental Airlines; 91-4 [Airport Operator]; 95-
12 Toyota.
13.235................................................. 90-11 Thunderbird Accessories; 90-12 Continental
Airlines; 90-15 Playter; 90-17 Wilson; 92-7 West.
Part 14................................................ 92-74 &93-2 Wendt.
14.01.................................................. 91-17 & 92-71 KDS Aviation.
14.04.................................................. 91-17, 91-52 & 92-71 KDS Aviation; 93-10 Costello.
14.05.................................................. 90-17 Wilson.
14.20.................................................. 91-52 KDS Aviation.
14.22.................................................. 93-29 Sweeney.
14.26.................................................. 91-52 KDS Aviation.
14.28.................................................. 95-9 Woodhouse.
21.303................................................. 93-19 Pacific Sky Supply.
25.855................................................. 92-37 Giuffrida.
39.3................................................... 92-10 Flight Unlimited; 94-4 Northwest Aircraft Rental.
43.3................................................... 92-73 Wyatt.
43.9................................................... 91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation.
43.13.................................................. 90-11Thunderbird Accessories; 94-3 Valley Air; 94-38
Bohan.
43.15.................................................. 90-25 & 90-27 Gabbert; 91-8 Watts Agricultural
Aviation; 94-2 Woodhouse.
65.15.................................................. 92-73 Wyatt.
65.92.................................................. 92-73 Wyatt.
91.8 (91.11 as of 8/18/90)............................. 92-3 Park.
91.9 (91.13 as of 8/18/90)............................. 90-15 Playter; 91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-8
Watkins; 92-40 Wendt; 92-48 USAir; 92-49 Richardson &
Shimp; 92-47 Cornwall; 92-70 USAir; 93-9 Wendt; 93-17
Metcalf; 93-18 Westair Commuter; 93-29 Sweeney; 94-29
Sutton.
91.29 (91.7 as of 8/18/90)............................. 91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation; 92-10 Flight
Unlimited; 94-4 Northwest Aircraft Rental.
91.65 (91.111 as of 8/18/90)........................... 91-29 Sweeney; 94-21 Sweeney.
91.67 (91.113 as of 8/18/90)........................... 91-29 Sweeney.
91.75 (91.123 as of 8/18/90)........................... 91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-8 Watkins; 92-40 Wendt;
92-49 Richardson & Shimp; 93-9 Wendt.
91.79 (91.119 as of 8/18/90)........................... 90-15 Playter; 92-47 Cornwall; 93-17 Metcalf.
91.87 (91.129 as of 8/18/90)........................... 91-12 & 91-31 Terry & Menne; 92-8 Watkins.
[[Page 36862]]
91.173 (91.417 as of 8/18/90).......................... 91-8 Watts Agricultural Aviation.
91.703................................................. 94-29 Sutton.
107.1.................................................. 90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-20 Degenhardt; 91-4
[Airport Operator]; 91-58 [Airport Operator].
107.13................................................. 90-12 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 91-4 [Airport
Operator]; 91-18 [Airport Operator]; 91-40 [Airport
Operator]; 91-41 [Airport Operator]; 91-58 [Airport
Operator].
107.20................................................. 90-24 Bayer; 92-58 Hoedl.
107.21................................................. 89-5 Schultz; 90-10 Webb; 90-22 Degenhardt; 90-23
Broyles; 90-26 & 90-43 Waddell; 90-33 Cato; 90-39
Hart; 91-3 Lewis; 91-10 Graham; 91-30 Trujillo; 91-38
Esau; 91-53 Koller; 92-32 Barnhill; 92-38 Cronberg; 92-
46 Sutton-Sautter; 92-51 Koblick; 92-59 Petek-Jackson;
94-5 Grant; 94-31 Smalling.
107.25................................................. 94-31 Columna.
108.5.................................................. 90-12, 90-18, 90-19, 91-2 & 91-9 Continental Airlines;
91-33 Delta Air Lines; 91-54 Alaska Airlines; 91-55
Continental Airlines; 92-13 & 94-1 Delta Air Lines; 94-
44 American Airlines.
108.7.................................................. 90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines.
108.11................................................. 90-23 Broyles; 90-26 Waddell; 91-3 Lewis; 92-46 Sutton-
Sautter; 94-44 American Airlines.
108.13................................................. 90-12 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-37 Northwest
Airlines.
121.133................................................ 90-18 Continental Airlines.
121.153................................................ 92-48 & 92-70 USAir; 95-11 Horizon.
121.317................................................ 92-37 Giuffrida; 94-18 Luxemburg.
121.318................................................ 92-37 Giuffrida.
121.367................................................ 90-12 Continental Airlines.
121.571................................................ 92-37 Giuffrida.
121.628................................................ 95-11 Horizon.
135.1.................................................. 95-8 Charter Airlines.
135.5.................................................. 94-3 Valley Air; 94-20 Conquest Helicopters.
135.25................................................. 92-10 Flight Unlimited; 94-3 Valley Air.
135.63................................................. 94-40 Polynesian Airways.
135.87................................................. 90-21 Carroll.
135.185................................................ 94-40 Polynesian Airways.
135.263................................................ 95-9 Charter Airlines.
135.267................................................ 95-8 Charter Airlines.
135.413................................................ 94-3 Valley Air.
135.421................................................ 93-36 Valley Air; 94-3 Valley Air.
135.437................................................ 94-3 Valley Air.
145.53................................................. 90-11 Thunderbird Accessories.
145.57................................................. 94-2 Woodhouse.
145.61................................................. 90-11 Thunderbird Accessories.
191.................................................... 90-12 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-37.
Northwest Airlines.
298.1.................................................. 92-10 Flight Unlimited.
302.8.................................................. 90-22 USAir.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
49 CFR
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.47................................................... 92-76 Safety Equipment.
171 et seq............................................. 95-10 Diamond.
171.2.................................................. 92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling.
171.8.................................................. 92-77 TCI.
172.101................................................ 92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling.
172.200................................................ 92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota.
172.202................................................ 92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling.
172.203................................................ 94-28 Toyota.
172.204................................................ 92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling.
172.300................................................ 94-31 Smalling.
172.301................................................ 94-31 Smalling.
172.304................................................ 92-77 TCI; 94-31 Smalling.
172.400................................................ 92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling.
172.402................................................ 94-28 Toyota.
172.406................................................ 92-77 TCI.
173.1.................................................. 92-77 TCI; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling.
173.3.................................................. 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling.
173.6.................................................. 94-28 Toyota.
173.22(a).............................................. 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling.
173.24................................................. 94-28 Toyota.
173.25................................................. 94-28 Toyota.
173.27................................................. 92-77 TCI.
173.115................................................ 92-77 TCI.
173.240................................................ 92-77 TCI.
173.243................................................ 94-28 Toyota.
173.260................................................ 94-28 Toyota.
173.266................................................ 94-28 Toyota; 94-31 Smalling.
[[Page 36863]]
175.25................................................. 94-31 Smalling.
821.30................................................. 92-73 Wyatt.
821.33................................................. 90-21 Carroll.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
STATUTES
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5 U.S.C.:
504................................................ 90-17 Wilson; 91-17 & 92-71 KDS Aviation; 92-74, 93-2 &
93-9 Wendt; 93-29 Sweeney; 94-17 TCI.
552................................................ 90-12, 90-18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 93-10
Costello.
554................................................ 90-18 Continental Airlines; 90-21 Carroll; 95-12
Toyota.
556................................................ 90-21 Carroll; 91-54 Alaska Airlines.
557................................................ 90-20 Degenhardt; 90-21 Carroll; 90-37 Northwest
Airlines; 94-28 Toyota.
705................................................ 95-14 Charter Airlines.
11U.S.C.
362................................................ 91-2 Continental Airlines.
28 U.S.C.:
2412............................................... 93-10 Costello.
2462............................................... 90-21 Carroll.
49 U.S.C. App.:
1301(31) (operate)................................. 93-18 Westair Commuter.
(32) (person).................................. 93-18 Westair Commuter.
1356............................................... 90-18 & 90-19, 91-2 Continental Airlines.
1357............................................... 90-18 90-19 & 91-2 Continental Airlines; 91-41 [Airport
Operator]; 91-58 [Airport Operator].
1421............................................... 92-10 Flight Unlimited; 92-48 USAir; 92-70 USAir; 93-9
Wendt.
1429............................................... 92-73 Wyatt.
1471............................................... 89-5 Schultz; 90-10 Webb; 90-20 Degenhardt; 90-12, 90-
18 & 90-19 Continental Airlines; 90-23 Broyles; 90-26
& 90-43 Waddell; 90-33 Cato; 90-37 Northwest Airlines;
90-39 Hart; 91-2 Continental Airlines; 91-3 Lewis; 91-
18 [Airport Operator]; 91-53 Koller; 92-5 Delta Air
Lines; 92-10 Flight Unlimited; 92-46 Sutton-Sautter;
92-51 Koblick; 92-74 Wendt; 92-76 Safety Equipment; 94-
20 Conquest Helicopters; 94-40 Polynesian Airways.
1475............................................... 90-20 Degenhardt; 90-12 Continental Airlines; 90-18, 90-
19 & 91-1 Continental Airlines; 91-3 Lewis; 91-18
[Airport Operator]; 94-40 Polynesian Airways.
1486............................................... 90-21 Carroll.
1809............................................... 92-77 TCI; 94-19 Pony Express; 94-28 Toyota; 94-31
Smalling; 95-12 Toyota.
Civil Penalty Actions--Orders Issued by the Administrator
Digests
(Current as of June 30, 1995)
The digests of the Administrator's final decisions and orders are
arranged by order number, and briefly summarize key points of each
decision. The following compilation of digests includes all final
decisions and orders issued by the Administrator from April 1, 1995, to
June 30, 1995. The FAA will publish noncumulative supplements to this
compilation on a quarterly basis (e.g. April, July, October, and
January of each year).
These digests do not constitute legal authority, and should not be
cited or relied upon as such. The digests are not intended to serve as
a substitute for proper legal research. Parties, attorneys, and other
interested persons should always consult the full text of the
Administrator's decisions before citing them in any context.
In the Matter of Abraham T. Araya
[Order No. 95-5 (4/26/95)]
Appeal Dismissed. complainant withdrew its notice of appeal. The
appeal is dismissed.
In the Matter of Roger Lee Sutton
[Order No. 95-6 (4/26/95)]
Appeal Dismissed, Order Assessing Civil Penalty Vacated, and
Complaint Dismissed. Respondent filed an appeal from the law judge's
written initial decision assessing a $1,000 civil penalty against
Respondent based on his failure to file an answer to the complaint.
Subsequently, however, the parties filed a ``Joint Notice of
Settlement'' advising the Administrator that the case had been settled,
and that both Respondent's appeal and the agency's complaint had been
withdrawn. As a result, Respondent's appeal is dismissed, the law
judge's order assessing a $1,000 civil penalty is vacated, and the
complaint is dismissed with prejudice.
In the Matter of Empire Airlines
[Order No. 95-7 (5/5/95)]
Appeal Dismissed. Complainant withdrew its notice of appeal. The
appeal is dismissed.
In the Matter of Charter Airlines, James Walker and Larry Mort
[Order No. 95-8 (5/9/95)]
Flight and Duty Time Limitations. Charter Airlines is the holder of
an air taxi operator certificate issued under 14 CFR Part 135. Mr.
Walker is the chief pilot and director of operations. Mr. Mort is a
pilot employed by Charter Airlines. On all of the flights involved in
this case, Mr. Walker was the captain and Mr. Mort was the co-pilot. It
is held that Charter Airlines, Mr. Walker and Mr. Mort violated the
flight and duty time regulations set forth in 14 CFR 135.263(a),
135.267(b) and 135.267(d) as alleged.
Flight time restriction, generally. Under Section 135.267(b)(2),
when two flight crewmembers are required, the total flight time of an
assigned flight, when added to any other commercial flying by that
crew, may not exceed 10 hours during any 24-hour period.
Duty time restriction, generally. Under Section 135.267(d) provides
that ``each assignment . . . must provide for at least 10 consecutive
hours of rest during the 24-hour period that precedes the planned
completion time of the
[[Page 36864]]
assignment.'' Hence, the planned completion time of the assignment
should be no later than 14 hours after the time that the pilots report
for duty. However, if the original planning was realistic, but was
upset due to circumstances beyond the control of the pilots and
operator, the flight may be conducted even though the crew duty time
may exceed 14 hours. The key to interpreting Section 135.267(d) is to
look at the original planning. Duty time includes more than a pilot's
flight time. Duty time is any time that is not a rest period.
Circumstances beyond the control of the crew and the operator not
proven. On a series of flights begun on August 2, 1990, and ending on
August 3, 1990, Respondents flew over 18 hours. Part way through their
duty day, Charter Airlines amended the crew's assignment, adding an
assignment to pick up freight in St. Mary's and transport it to El
Paso. The crew accepted this amendment. Respondents claim that they had
to wait 10 hours for the freight to be delivered at St. Mary's, and
that the late delivery of the freight constitutes a circumstance beyond
the control of the operator and the crew.
When an operator adds a flight(s) to an assignment, the operator
must determine whether the extra flight(s) can be completed in
accordance with the requirement that the two-person crew receive at
least 10 consecutive hours of rest during the 24-hour period preceding
the planned completion time of the amended assignment. In addition, the
flight crewmembers, before accepting an extra flight(s) as part of an
assignment, must determine whether they will be able to complete the
amended assignment and still comply with the rest requirement of
Section 135.267(d). Hence, it must be determined whether at the time
Charter Airlines assigned the trip to carry freight from St. Mary's to
El Paso, Charter Airlines had reason to believe that the assignment, as
amended, would provide the crew with at least 10 consecutive hours of
rest during the 24-hour period preceding the planned completion time of
the assignment. Likewise, it must be determined whether Mr. Walker and
Mr. Mort reasonably believed, when they accepted the extra flights,
that the amended assignment provided for at least 10 consecutive hours
of rest during the 24-hour period preceding the planned completion time
of the amended assignment.
The evidence is very confusing and in conflict regarding when they
expected the freight to arrive in St. Mary's. What appears most likely
is that when Charter Airlines assigned this trip to fly freight from
St. Mary's to El Paso and when Mr. Walker and Mr. Mort accepted it,
there was no planned completion time. If a planned completion time for
the assignment to fly freight from St. Mary's to El Paso was not
formulated when that assignment was made and accepted, Respondents
cannot argue that the late freight delivery upset the original
planning. Therefore, the protection offered by Section 135.263(d) in
the event of circumstances beyond the control of the flight crew is
unavailable to Respondents.
Circumstances beyond the control of the crew and the operator not
proven. On October 25, 1990, the crew was on duty for 14 hours and 48
minutes. Respondents argued that the thunderstorm that they encountered
in Provo, Utah, while they were visiting Mr. Walker's son, constituted
circumstances beyond their control. Considering the totality of the
circumstances, it was not the adverse weather that prevented
Respondents from completing the duty day as planned. Instead, the
planned schedule was upset by Respondents' plan to stop at Provo, visit
Mr. Walker's son, and still get to Scottsdale in time to pick up the
passenger as scheduled. By the time that they arrived in Provo, there
was little time left, realistically, to secure the aircraft, leave the
airport, visit Mr. Walker's son, return to the airport, prepare for
takeoff and fly to Scottsdale, Arizona. The further delay caused by the
adverse weather, which Respondents have not even attempted to show was
unforeseeable, only made matters worse. Inherent in the concept of
circumstances beyond the control of the operator and crew is the
element of unforeseeability. If thunderstorms were forecast for the
early afternoon, then Respondents should have departed from Provo much
earlier than they did, if necessary skipping the visit with Mr.
Walker's son. Also, the trip to Provo was a pleasure trip, and
therefore, completely within the control of Respondents.
Other commercial flying. On appeal, the question regarding the
flights on September 12-13, 1990, is whether Respondents flew more than
10 hours of commercial flying in a 24-hour period. Between 0947 on
September 12, 1990, and 0947 on September 13, 1990, Respondents' flying
time totaled 10 hours and 27 minutes.
A flight conducted under Part 91 as a ferry flight may be
considered as ``other commercial flying.'' The issue in this case is
not whether the ferry flights were conducted pursuant to Part 135, but
whether those flights constituted commercial flying. Section
135.267(b)(2) provides in pertinent part that ``. . . during any 24
consecutive hours the total flight time of the assigned flight when
added to any other commercial flying by that flight crewmember may not
exceed . . . 10 hours for a flight crew consisting of two pilots.'' 14
CFR 135.267(b)(2) (emphasis added.) While ferry flights themselves are
not operated pursuant to Part 135's limitations, the pilots flying
flights for compensation or hire and the operators assigning those
flights are subject to Part 135.
The general rule with respect to flight time limitations is that
``any other commercial flying (e.g., flights conducted under Part 91)
must be counted against the daily flight time limitations of Part 135
if it precedes the flight conducted under Part 135. If the Part 91
flight occurs after the Part 135 flying, the Part 91 flight is not
counted against the daily flight time limitations of Part 135.
Respondents delivered freight in Detroit. Then, intending to fly
home, they departed from Detroit, stopping in Amarillo for fuel. After
learning of a flight for compensation out of Winslow, they flew from
Amarillo to Winslow. The flight from Amarillo to Winslow, preceding a
flight to carry freight for compensation out of Winslow, was a
commercial flight. Although that flight from Amarillo to Winslow itself
may not have been for compensation, it put Respondents in a position to
pick up freight and deliver it for remuneration.
Once it was decided that they would carry freight from Winslow to
Youngstown, the character of the flight from Detroit to Amarillo
changed. That is, even if the Detroit to Amarillo flight was once
``other than commercial,'' it could no longer be considered so once the
decision was made to move on from Amarillo to Winslow to pick up the
cargo for carriage to Youngstown. At that point, Respondents should
have recomputed their flight times to determine whether accepting the
Winslow-Youngstown assignment was consistent with the requirements of
Section 135.267(b)
While some ferry flights would not be regarded as commercial
flying, such as a flight back to base after the completion of an
assignment, other ferry flights for the purpose of positioning an
aircraft for a flight for compensation or hire would constitute
commercial flying.
It is held that the law judge correctly found that the ferry
flights on September 12, 1990, constituted ``other commercial flying''
for purposes of determining compliance with 14 CFR 135.267(b).
Other commercial flying. Within a 24-hour period, starting from
2200 on
[[Page 36865]]
November 5, 1990, and ending at 2200 on November 6, 1990, Respondents
accumulated 11.3 flight hours. The law judge held that Respondent
violated Section 135.267(b), finding that the three ferry flights
during this period constituted ``other commercial flying'' and
therefore, should be counted toward the total flying time. The law
judge's finding is affirmed.
The Las Vegas-Brownsville leg on November 5, 1990, preceded the
freight-carrying flight for compensation under Part 135 from
Brownsville to Mesa. It was part of the assignment to get and transport
the freight. As a result, it should be regarded as ``other commercial
flying.''
The flight from Mesa to Milwaukee also must be considered as a
commercial flight at least because it was for the purpose of getting
contract fuel. Also, this flight leg from Mesa to Milwaukee was one of
two legs to reposition the aircraft to pick up freight in Mosinee,
Wisconsin.
The repositioning flight from Milwaukee to Mosinee preceded the
flight for compensation from Mosinee to Brownsville, and therefore, it
too should be considered other commercial flying.
Section 135.263. Assigning and accepting a prohibited flight are
violations separate and distinct from operating a prohibited flight.
Hence, the law judge's finding of no violation of 14 CFR 135.263(a) is
reversed.
Double Jeopardy. The issue of whether a finding of multiple
violations in this case would run afoul of the Double Jeopardy Clause
is more academic than real. Whether the Double Jeopardy Clause applies
to such civil money penalties has not been established.
Sanction. To justify the $10,000 civil penalty against Charter
Airlines, and the $2000 civil penalties against Mr. Walker and Mr.
Mort, it is not necessary to give separate effect to the alleged
violations of Section 135.263(a). Respondents violated Section
135.267(b) on September 13 and November 6, 1990, and Section 135.267(d)
on August 3, and October 25, 1990. Since a commercial operator may be
assessed $10,000 per violation, a $10,000 civil penalty against Charter
Airlines for its conduct contrary to the flight and duty time
regulations on those four sets of flights is reasonable and well below
the maximum allowable civil penalty. Likewise, because a pilot may be
assessed a $1000 civil penalty for each violation, $2000 civil
penalties against Mr. Walker and Mr. Mort for violations of the flight
and duty time regulations on these four sets of flights are reasonable
and well below the maximum allowable civil penalty. Such significant
penalties are justified not only by the numerous violations committed
by Respondents, but by the cavalier attitude displayed by Respondents
toward the flight and duty time restrictions.
In the Matter of Mary Woodhouse
[Order No. 95-9 (5/9/95)]
Good cause for late-filed notice of appeal. The law judge denied
Ms. Woodhouse's application for attorney's fees and costs under the
Equal Access to Justice Act (EAJA) on December 7, 1994. Ms. Woodhouse
filed an appeal document on January 3, 1995. Ms. Woodhouse's appeal was
late. Under Section 14.28 of the FAA's rules implementing the EAJA, 14
CFR 14.28, and Section 13.233(a) of the Rules of Practice in Civil
Penalty Proceedings, 14 CFR 13.233(a), Ms. Woodhouse had 10 days to
file a notice of appeal from the law judge's denial. Good cause exists
to excuse the lateness of Ms. Woodhouse's appeal because the law judge
had written in his denial that Ms. Woodhouse had 30 days in which to
file an appeal.
Detailed appeal document satisfies the requirements for an appeal
brief and is construed as an appeal brief. Agency counsel is given 35
days in which to file a reply brief.
In the Matter of Mark Steven Diamond
[Order No. 95-10 (5/10/95)]
No Good Cause for Failure to File Answer. In this case involving
alleged hazardous materials violations, Respondent appealed from the
law judge's order assessing a $3,000 civil penalty against him after
Respondent fails to file an answer to the complaint. Respondent's
counsel requests another opportunity to file an answer, explaining that
he is not familiar with administrative proceedings and the failure to
file was simply an oversight on his part.
Parties may not avoid default merely by claiming unfamiliarity with
the rules of practice. Counsel for Respondent had the benefit of two
specific written reminders to file the complaint, but failed to do so.
Good cause has not been shown, and therefore the law judge's assessment
of a $3,000 civil penalty is affirmed.
In the Matter of Horizon Air Industries, Inc.
[Order No. 95-11 (5/10/95)]
Minimum Equipment List Violation. On several occasions, Respondent
cleared the Minimum Equipment List entry and returned the aircraft to
revenue service without a reasonable basis for concluding that the
altitude warning system was repaired. Where there is a pattern of
discrepancies indicating that the existing diagnostic test may be
unreliable, an air carrier must take further steps to ensure that the
aircraft is truly repaired. In this case, Respondent should have: (1)
performed a flight test; (2) checked with its pilots to see which air
data computer was in use when the malfunctions occurred; and (3) called
in the manufacturer of the malfunctioning system sooner. Safety was
compromised to the extent that the captain or first officer reading the
erroneous display would have required additional time and concentration
to determine the aircraft's actual altitude by alternate means.
Sanction Reduced. The sanction imposed by the law judge is reduced
from $8,000 to $5,000 on the ground that this was an exceptionally
difficult maintenance problem to solve and Respondent did make many
attempts to repair the system.
In the Matter of Toyota Motor Sales, USA, Inc.
[Order No. 95-12 (5/10/95)]
Previous Order Clarified. Complainant has petitioned for
modification of the earlier order issued in this case, Order No. 94-28.
Complainant submits that Order No. 94-28 may imply erroneously that
hearings conducted under Section 110 of the Hazardous Materials Act
(HMTA) must be conducted under Section 5 of the Administrative
Procedure Act (APA), 5 U.S.C. 554. Order No. 94-28 did not address or
decide this issue. It explained only what is required of law judges
under 14 CFR 13.232, the particular rule of practice that addresses
what a law judge must include in the initial decision. Moreover,
regardless of whether Section 5 of the APA applies to hearings under
the HMTA, the Administrator has the authority to impose, through
adjudication, the common-sense requirement that law judges articulate
the reasons for their sanction decision.
In the Matter of Thomas Kilrain
[Order No. 95-13 (6/16/95)]
Appeal Perfected. Mr. Kilrain's very short appeal brief merely sets
forth the issues. Based upon the proceedings below, there can be no
doubt about what Mr. Kilrain is arguing on appeal. It appears that Mr.
Kilrain, who is pro se, is making the same arguments that he raised
before the law judge at the prehearing conference and the hearing. Mr.
Kilrain's appeal brief, despite its obvious deficiencies, is sufficient
because he is simply renewing arguments raised below. Consequently,
Complainant's motion to dismiss Mr.
[[Page 36866]]
Kilrain's appeal with prejudice is denied.
In the Matter of Charter Airlines, James Walker and Larry Mort
[Order No. 95-14 (6/21/95)]
Stay Pending Judicial Review. Respondents requested a stay for 60
days pending the filing of a petition for review of Order 95-8. Stay
granted.
Commercial Reporting Services of the Administrator's Civil Penalty
Decisions and Orders
In June 1991, as a public service, the FAA began releasing to
commercial publishers the Administrator's decisions and orders in civil
penalty cases. The goal was to make these decisions and orders more
accessible to the public. The Administrator's decisions and orders in
civil penalty cases are now available in the following commercial
publications:
AvLex, published by Aviation Daily, 1156 15th Street, NW, Washington,
DC 20005, (202) 822-4669;
Civil Penalty Cases Digest Service, published by Hawkins Publishing
Company, Inc., P.O. Box 480, Mayo, MD, 21106 (410) 798-1677;
Federal Aviation Decisions, Clark Boardman Callaghan, 50 Broad Street
East, Rochester, NY 14694, (716) 546-1490.
The decisions and orders may be obtained on disk from Aviation
Records, Inc., P.O. Box 172, Battle Ground, WA 98604, (206) 896-0376.
Aeroflight Publications, P.O. Box 854, 433 Main Street, Gruver, TX
79040 (806) 733-2483, is placing the decisions on CD-ROM. Finally, the
Administrator's decisions and orders in civil penalty cases are
available on Compuserve and FedWorld.
The FAA has stated previously that publication of the subject-
matter index and the digests may be discontinued once a commercial
reporting service publishes similar information in a timely and
accurate manner. No decision has been made yet on this matter, and for
the time being, the FAA will continue to prepare and publish the
subject-matter index and digests.
FAA Offices
The Administrator's decisions and orders, indexes, and digests are
available for public inspection and copying at the following location
in FAA headquarters: FAA Hearing Docket, Federal Aviation
Administration, 800 Independence Avenue, SW., Room 924A, Washington, DC
20591; (202) 267-3641.
These materials are also available at all FAA regional and center
legal offices at the following locations:
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Aeronautical Center (AMC-
7), Mike Monroney Aeronautical Center, 6500 South MacArthur Blvd.,
Oklahoma City, OK 73125; (405) 954-3296.
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Alaskan Region (AAL-7),
Alaskan Region Headquarters, 222 West 7th Avenue, Anchorage, AK 99513;
(907) 271-5269.
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Central Region (ACE-7),
Central Region Headquarters, 601 East 12th Street, Federal Building,
Kansas City, MO 64106; (816) 426-5446.
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Eastern Region (AEA-7),
Eastern Region Headquarters, JFK International Airport. Federal
Building, Jamaica, NY 11430; (718) 553-3285.
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Great Lakes Region (AGL-
7), 2300 East Devon Avenue, Suite 419, Des Plaines, IL 60018; (708)
294-7108.
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the New England Region (ANE-
7), New England Region Headquarters, 12 New England Executive Park,
Room 401, Burlington, MA 01803-5299; (617) 238-7050.
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Northwest Mountain Region
(ANM-7), Northwest Mountain Region Headquarters, 1601 Lind Avenue, SW,
Renton, WA 98055-4056; (206) 227-2007.
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Southern Region (ASO-7),
Southern Region Headquarters, 1701 Columbia Avenue, College Park, GA
30337; (404) 305-5200.
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Southwest Region (ASW-7),
Southwest Region Headquarters, 2601 Meacham Blvd., Fort Worth, TX
76137-4298; (817) 222-5087.
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Technical Center (ACT-7),
Federal Aviation Administration Technical Center, Atlantic City
International Airport, Atlantic City, NJ 08405; (609) 485-7087.
Office of the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Western-Pacific Region
(AWP-7), Western-Pacific Region Headquarters, 15000 Aviation Boulevard,
Lawndale, CA 90261; (310) 297-1270.
Issued in Washington, DC on July 10, 1995.
James S. Dillman,
Assistant Chief Counsel for Litigation.
[FR Doc. 95-17587 Filed 7-17-95; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4910-13-M
