95-18617. Protection of Stratospheric Ozone; Acceptable Substitutes for the Significant New Alternatives Policy (SNAP) Program  

  • [Federal Register Volume 60, Number 145 (Friday, July 28, 1995)]
    [Rules and Regulations]
    [Pages 38729-38734]
    From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
    [FR Doc No: 95-18617]
    
    
    
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    ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
    40 CFR Part 82
    
    [FRL-5266-4]
    
    
    Protection of Stratospheric Ozone; Acceptable Substitutes for the 
    Significant New Alternatives Policy (SNAP) Program
    
    AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency.
    
    ACTION: Notice of acceptability.
    
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    SUMMARY: This notice expands the list of acceptable substitutes for 
    ozone depleting substances (ODSs) under the Environmental Protection 
    Agency's (EPA) Significant New Alternatives Policy (SNAP) program. SNAP 
    implements section 612 of the amended Clean Air Act of 1990, which 
    requires EPA to evaluate substitutes for the ODSs, and regulate the use 
    of substitutes where other alternatives exist that reduce overall risk 
    to human health and the environment. Through these evaluations, SNAP 
    generates lists of acceptable and unacceptable substitutes for each of 
    the major industrial use sectors.
        On March 18, 1994, EPA promulgated its plan for administering the 
    SNAP program, and issued decisions on the acceptability and 
    unacceptability of a number of substitutes (59 FR 13044). In today's 
    Notice, EPA issues decisions on the acceptability of substitutes not 
    previously reviewed by the Agency. The intended effect of this action 
    is to expedite movement away from ozone depleting compounds. To arrive 
    at determinations on the acceptability of substitutes, the Agency 
    completed a cross-media sector end-use screening assessment of risks to 
    human health and the environment.
    
    EFFECTIVE DATE: July 28, 1995.
    
    ADDRESSES: Information relevant to this notice is contained in Air 
    Docket A-91-42, Central Docket Section, South Conference Room 4, U.S. 
    Environmental Agency, 401 M Street SW., Washington, D.C. 20460. 
    Telephone: (202) 260-7548. The docket may be inspected between 8:00 
    a.m. and 5:30 p.m. weekdays. As provided in 40 CFR part 2, a reasonable 
    fee may be charged for photocopying.
    
    FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Jeffrey Levy at (202) 233-9727 or fax 
    (202) 233-9577, U.S. EPA, Stratospheric Protection Division, 401 M 
    Street SW., Mail Code 6205J, Washington, D.C. 20460.
    
    SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
    
    I. Section 612 Program
        A. Statutory Requirements
        B. Regulatory History
    II. Listing of Acceptable Substitutes
        A. Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
        B. Fire Suppression and Explosion Protection
        C. Medical Sterilants
    III. Substitutes Pending Review
    IV. Additional Information
    
    Appendix A: Summary of Acceptable and Pending Decisions
    
    Section 612 Program
    
    Statutory Requirements
    
        Section 612 of the Clean Air Act authorizes EPA to develop a 
    program for evaluating alternatives to ozone-depleting substances. EPA 
    is referring to this program as the Significant New Alternatives Policy 
    (SNAP) program. The major provisions of section 612 are:
         Rulemaking--Section 612(c) requires EPA to promulgate 
    rules making it unlawful to replace any class I (chlorofluorocarbon, 
    halon, carbon tetrachloride, methyl chloroform, methyl bromide, and 
    hydrobromofluorocarbon) or class II (hydrochlorofluorocarbon) substance 
    with any substitute that the Administrator determines may present 
    adverse effects to human health or the environment where the 
    Administrator has identified an alternative that (1) reduces the 
    overall risk to human health and the environment, and (2) is currently 
    or potentially available.
         Listing of Unacceptable/Acceptable Substitutes--Section 
    612(c) also requires EPA to publish a list of the substitutes 
    unacceptable for specific uses. EPA must publish a corresponding list 
    of acceptable alternatives for specific uses. 
    
    [[Page 38730]]
    
         Petition Process--Section 612(d) grants the right to any 
    person to petition EPA to add a substance to or delete a substance from 
    the lists published in accordance with section 612(c). The Agency has 
    90 days to grant or deny a petition. Where the Agency grants the 
    petition, EPA must publish the revised lists within an additional 6 
    months.
         90-day Notification--Section 612(e) requires EPA to 
    require any person who produces a chemical substitute for a class I 
    substance to notify the Agency not less than 90 days before new or 
    existing chemicals are introduced into interstate commerce for 
    significant new uses as substitutes for a class I substance. The 
    producer must also provide the Agency with the producer's unpublished 
    health and safety studies on such substitutes.
         Outreach--Section 612(b)(1) states that the Administrator 
    shall seek to maximize the use of federal research facilities and 
    resources to assist users of class I and II substances in identifying 
    and developing alternatives to the use of such substances in key 
    commercial applications.
         Clearinghouse--Section 612(b)(4) requires the Agency to 
    set up a public clearinghouse of alternative chemicals, product 
    substitutes, and alternative manufacturing processes that are available 
    for products and manufacturing processes which use class I and II 
    substances.
    
    Regulatory History
    
        On March 18, 1994, EPA published the Final Rulemaking (FRM) (59 FR 
    13044) which described the process for administering the SNAP program 
    and issued EPA's first acceptability lists for substitutes in the major 
    industrial use sectors. These sectors include: refrigeration and air 
    conditioning; foam blowing; solvent cleaning; fire suppression and 
    explosion protection; sterilants; aerosols; adhesives, coatings and 
    inks; and tobacco expansion. These sectors compose the principal 
    industrial sectors that historically consumed the largest volumes of 
    ozone-depleting compounds.
        As described in the final rule for the SNAP program (59 FR 13044), 
    EPA does not believe that rulemaking procedures are required to list 
    alternatives as acceptable with no limitations. Such listings do not 
    impose any sanction, nor do they remove any prior license to use a 
    substance. Consequently, EPA is adding substances to the list of 
    acceptable alternatives without first requesting comment on new 
    listings.
        EPA does, however, believe that notice-and-comment rulemaking is 
    required to place any substance on the list of prohibited substitutes, 
    to list a substance as acceptable only under certain conditions, to 
    list substances as acceptable only for certain uses, or to remove a 
    substance from either the list of prohibited or acceptable substitutes. 
    Updates to these lists are published as separate notices of rulemaking 
    in the Federal Register.
        The Agency defines a ``substitute'' as any chemical, product 
    substitute, or alternative manufacturing process, whether existing or 
    new, that could replace a class I or class II substance. Anyone who 
    produces a substitute must provide the Agency with health and safety 
    studies on the substitute at least 90 days before introducing it into 
    interstate commerce for significant new use as an alternative. This 
    requirement applies to substitute manufacturers, but may include 
    importers, formulators or end-users, when they are responsible for 
    introducing a substitute into commerce.
        EPA published Notices listing acceptable alternatives on August 26, 
    1994, and January 13, 1995, and published a Notice of Proposed 
    Rulemaking restricting the use of certain substitutes on September 26, 
    1994.
    
    II. Listing of Acceptable Substitutes
    
        This section presents EPA's most recent acceptable listing 
    decisions for substitutes for class I substances in the following 
    industrial sectors: refrigeration and air conditioning, foam blowing, 
    fire suppression and explosion protection; sterilants. These decisions 
    represent substitutes not previously reviewed and add to the lists of 
    acceptable substitutes under SNAP. For copies of the full list, contact 
    the EPA Stratospheric Protection Hotline at the number listed in 
    Section IV of this Notice.
        Parts A through C below present a detailed discussion of the 
    substitute listing determinations by major use sector. Tables 
    summarizing listing decisions in this Notice are in Appendix A. The 
    comments contained in Appendix A provide additional information on a 
    substitute, but like the listings themselves, are not regulatory in 
    nature. Thus, adherence to recommendations in the comments are not 
    mandatory for use of a substitute. In addition, the comments should not 
    be considered comprehensive with respect to other legal obligations 
    pertaining to the use of the substitute. However, EPA encourages users 
    of acceptable substitutes to apply all comments to their use of these 
    substitutes. In many instances, the comments simply allude to sound 
    operating practices that have already been identified in existing 
    industry and/or building-code standards. Thus, many of the comments, if 
    adopted, would not require significant changes in existing operating 
    practices for the affected industry.
    
    A. Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
    
        Please refer to the final SNAP rule for detailed information 
    pertaining to the designation of end-uses, additional requirements 
    imposed under sections 608 and 609, and other information related to 
    the use of alternative refrigerants.
    1. Acceptable
        a. Volatile Methylsiloxanes. Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxanes and 
    decamethylcyclopentasiloxanesare acceptable as substitutes for CFC-11, 
    CFC-12, CFC-113, CFC-114, CFC-115 in new and retrofitted heat transfer 
    systems. This class of compounds was reviewed under the risk screen for 
    solvent cleaning and was found acceptable. That end-use is generally 
    more emissive than heat transfer uses. Thus, EPA anticipates that VMS 
    will pose lower risk in this end-use.
        b. Water. Water is acceptable as a substitute for CFC-11, CFC-12, 
    CFC-113, CFC-114, and CFC-115 in new and retrofitted heat transfer 
    systems. 
        c. Mineral Oil. Mineral oil is acceptable as a substitute for CFC-
    11, CFC-12, CFC-113, CFC-114, and CFC-115 in new and retrofitted heat 
    transfer systems. Mineral oil has been used for decades as a heat 
    transfer fluid. It is low in toxicity and poses no ozone depletion or 
    global warming potentials. Note that local fire codes may contain 
    requirements related to the use of mineral oil.
        d. R-508. R-508, which contains HFC-23 and R-116, is acceptable as 
    a substitute for CFC-13, R-13B1, and R-503 in retrofitted and new 
    industrial process refrigeration. Both components of this blend exhibit 
    extremely high GWPs and long lifetimes. HFC-23 has a GWP of 9,000 and a 
    lifetime of 280 years, and R-116, perfluoroethane, has a GWP of 9,000 
    and a lifetime of 10,000 years. EPA believes this blend could 
    significantly contribute to global warming if allowed to escape 
    refrigeration systems. In addition, the long lifetimes of R-116 and 
    HFC-23 mean any global warming or other effects would be essentially 
    irreversible. While the current rule issued under section 608 of the 
    CAA does not require recycling and recovery of this blend, or leak 
    repair for systems using it, EPA strongly encourages users to 
    anticipate future rulemakings with voluntary compliance. In particular, 
    EPA urges users to reduce leakage and recover and recycle this blend 
    during equipment 
    
    [[Page 38731]]
    servicing and upon the retirement of equipment. This blend is 
    nonflammable and does not deplete ozone.
        e. Ammonia Absorption. Ammonia absorption is acceptable as an 
    alternative technology to household refrigerators and freezers using 
    CFC-12 as a refrigerant. This technology has been used for years in 
    hotels, college dormitories, and other small spaces.
    
    B. Fire Suppression and Explosion Protection
    
    1. Acceptable
        a. Total Flooding Agents. (1) Water Mist Using Potable Water or 
    Natural Seawater. Water Mist Systems using Potable Water or Natural 
    Seawater are acceptable as a Halon 1301 substitute. At EPA's request, 
    manufacturers of water mist systems and other industry partners 
    convened a medical panel to address questions posed by EPA concerning 
    the potential physiological effects of inhaling very small water 
    droplets in fire and non-fire scenarios. Disciplines represented on the 
    Panel included inhalation toxicology, pulmonary medicine, physiology, 
    aerosol physics, fire toxicity, smoke dynamics, and chemistry, with 
    members coming from the commercial, university and military sectors.
        The Executive Summary (draft ``Water Mist Fire Suppression Systems 
    Health Hazard Evaluation;'' HARC, US Army, NFPA; March 1995) states: 
    ``The overall conclusion of the Health Panel's review is that ... water 
    mist systems using pure water do not present a toxicological or 
    physiological hazard and are safe for use in occupied areas. The Panel 
    does not believe that additional studies are necessary to reach this 
    conclusion. The Health Panel recommends that additives be evaluated on 
    a case-by-case basis depending on the toxic properties of the additive 
    and the concentration at which it is used.''
        EPA has determined that the Panel's findings are credible and 
    significant, and thus is adopting its conclusions as the basis to this 
    ruling. In order to clarify the practical meaning of the panel's 
    recommendation, EPA is defining ``pure water'' as either water that is 
    potable (drinkable) or as natural seawater, that is, water coming from 
    the sea. Thus, EPA is listing water mist systems composed of potable 
    water and natural sea water as acceptable without restriction. However, 
    water mist systems containing additives different than those in potable 
    water, and water mist systems comprised of mixtures in solution, must 
    be submitted to EPA for SNAP review on a case-by-case basis. At this 
    time, no such submissions have been received by the agency.
        (2) [Water Mist/Surfactant Blend] A. [Water Mist/Surfactant Blend] 
    A is acceptable as a Halon 1301 substitute in normally unoccupied 
    areas. Water mist systems with additives are beginning to be developed 
    for use in applications such as the engine compartments of a variety of 
    vehicles and in machinery spaces. Following the positive peer review of 
    water mist particles, and considering the particular use in unoccupied 
    areas, EPA is listing this agent as acceptable in such normally 
    unoccupied areas. Consideration for use in occupied areas is pending a 
    medical peer review panel.
        b. Streaming Agents. (1) Water Mist Systems Using Potable Water or 
    Natural Seawater. Water Mist systems using potable water or natural sea 
    water are acceptable as a Halon 1211 substitute. See the discussion 
    under ``Total Flooding Agents,'' above.
    
    C. Medical Sterilants
    
    1. Acceptable
        (a) Peroxyacetic Acid/Hydrogen Peroxide Gas Plasma Systems. 
    Peroxyacetic Acid/Gas Plasma Systems are acceptable as a 12/88 
    substitute for medical sterilization. Peracetic acid/hydrogen peroxide 
    solutions are in widespread use as sanitizers and disinfectants in food 
    processing establishments and medical facilities. As they are currently 
    manufactured, transported, and handled safely, incorporation of such 
    solutions into medical sterilizing equipment should not pose increased 
    risk of exposure either during value-added packaging or during use.
        (b) Hydrogen Peroxide Gas Plasma Systems. Hydrogen Peroxide Gas 
    Plasma Systems are acceptable as a 12/88 substitute for medical 
    sterilization. Such systems are recognized by the Food and Drug 
    Administration (FDA) as acceptable to proceed to market, and EPA has 
    determined that they pose no unusual risk to human health or the 
    environment.
    
    III. Substitutes Pending Review
    
        The Agency describes submissions as pending if data are incomplete 
    or for which the 90-day review period is underway and EPA has not yet 
    reached a final decision. For submissions that are incomplete, the 
    Agency will contact the submitter to determine a schedule for providing 
    the missing information if the Agency needs to extend the 90-day review 
    period. EPA will use its authority under section 114 of the Clean Air 
    Act to gather this information, if necessary. Any delay of the review 
    period does not affect a manufacturer's ability to sell a product 90 
    days after notification of the Agency. Substitutes currently pending 
    completion of review are listed in Appendix A.
    
    IV. Additional Information
    
        Contact the Stratospheric Protection Hotline at 1-800-296-1996, 
    Monday-Friday, between the hours of 10:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m. (Eastern 
    Standard Time) weekdays.
        For more information on the Agency's process for administering the 
    SNAP program or criteria for evaluation of substitutes, refer to the 
    SNAP final rulemaking published in the Federal Register on March 18, 
    1994 (59 FR 13044). Federal Register notices can be ordered from the 
    Government Printing Office Order Desk (202) 783-3238; the citation is 
    the date of publication. This Notice can also be retrieved 
    electronically from EPA's Technology Transfer Network (TTN), Clean Air 
    Act Amendment Bulletin Board. If you have a 1200 or 2400 bps modem, 
    dial (919) 541-5742. If you have a 9600 bps modem, dial (919) 541-1447. 
    For assistance in accessing this service, call (919) 541-5384. Finally, 
    this notice may be obtained on the World Wide Web at http://
    www.epa.gov/docs/Ozone/index.html.
    
    List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 82
    
        Environmental protection, Administrative practice and procedure, 
    Air pollution control, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.
    
        Dated: July 18, 1995.
    Mary D. Nichols,
    Assistant Administrator.
    
        Note: The following Appendix will not appear in the Code of 
    Federal Regulations.
    
    [[Page 38732]]
    
    
    Appendix A: Summary of Acceptable and Pending Decisions
    
           Refrigeration and Air Conditioning--Acceptable Substitutes       
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
           End-use            Substitute        Decision         Comments   
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-   Volatile Methyl  Acceptable.                     
     113, CFC-114, CFC-     Siloxanes.                                      
     115 Non-Mechanical                                                     
     Heat Transfer                                                          
     (Retrofit and New                                                      
     Equipment Designs/                                                     
     NIKs).                                                                 
                           Water..........  Acceptable.                     
                           Mineral Oil....  Acceptable.                     
    CFC-13, R-13B1, and R- R-508..........  Acceptable.....  EPA strongly   
     503 Industrial                                           recommends the
     Process                                                  containment   
     Refrigeration and                                        and           
     Very Low Temperature                                     reclamation of
     Refrigeration                                            this          
     (Retrofit and New                                        substitute.   
     Equipment/NIKs).                                                       
    CFC-12 Household       Ammonia          Acceptable.                     
     Refrigerators and      absorption.                                     
     Freezers, New                                                          
     Equipment/NIKs.                                                        
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    
              Refrigeration and Air Conditioning--Pending Decisions         
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
         Application             Substitute                Comments         
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    All CFC-12 End-Uses..  Blend Zeta...........  EPA has requested         
                                                   additional data.         
    Heat Transfer........  HCFC-225.                                        
    Motor Vehicle Air      R-406A, HCFC Blend     MVAC refrigerants will be 
     Conditioning.          Delta.                 used in accordance with  
                                                   use conditions, which    
                                                   require full notice-and- 
                                                   comment rulemaking.      
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    
                        Foam Blowing--Pending Substitutes                   
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
            End-use                 Substitute               Comments       
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    HCFCs, Polyurethane and  HFC-134a/HFC-143a                              
     Polyisocyanurate         Blend.                                        
     Laminated Boardstock                                                   
     Foam.                                                                  
    HCFCs, Rigid             HFC-134a/HFC-143a                              
     Polyurethane Appliance   Blend.                                        
     Foam.                                                                  
    HCFCs, Rigid             HFC-134a/HFC-143a                              
     Polyurethane             Blend.                                        
     Commercial                                                             
     Refrigeration, Spray                                                   
     and Sandwich Panel                                                     
     Foam.                                                                  
    HCFCs, Rigid             HFC-134a/HFC-143a                              
     Polyurethane Slabstock   Blend.                                        
     and Other Foam.                                                        
    HCFCs, Polyolefin Foams  HFC-134a/HFC-143a                              
                              Blend.                                        
    HCFCs, Polyurethane      HFC-134a/HFC-143a                              
     Flexible Foams.          Blend.                                        
    HCFCs, Polyurethane      HFC-134a/HFC-143a                              
     Integral Skin.           Blend.                                        
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    
        Fire Suppression and Explosion Protection--Acceptable Substitutes   
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
          End-use            Substitute           Decision         Comments 
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Halon 1211,          Water Mist Systems  Acceptable........             
     Streaming Agents.    using Potable or                                  
                          Natural Sea Water.                                
    Halon 1301.........  Water Mist Systems  Acceptable........             
                          using Potable or                                  
                          Natural Sea Water.                                
    Total Flooding       [Water Mist         Acceptable in                  
     Agents.              Surfactant Blend]   Normally                      
                          A.                  Unoccupied Areas.             
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    
          Fire Suppression and Explosion Protection Pending Substitutes     
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
           End-use               Substitute                Comments         
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Halon 1211...........  CF3I.................  Will be proposed          
                                                   acceptable in            
                                                   nonresidential           
                                                   applications in a        
                                                   forthcoming rulemaking.  
    Streaming Agents.....  HFC-227ea............  Complete SNAP submission  
                                                   and personal monitoring  
                                                   data required.           
                           [Water Mist/           Pending review by EPA     
                            Surfactant Blend] A.                            
                           Water Mist with        Must be individually      
                            Additives.             submitted to EPA and     
                                                   reviewed on a case-by-   
                                                   case basis.              
    Halon 1301...........  [HFC Blend] A........  Pending receipt of further
                                                   data requested by the    
                                                   Agency.                  
    Total Flooding Agents  IG-55 (formerly        Proposed Acceptable       
                            [Inert Gas Blend] B).  (forthcoming).           
                           IG-01 (formerly        Proposed Acceptable       
                            [Inert Gas Blend] C).  (forthcoming).           
    
    [[Page 38733]]
                                                                            
                           [Water Mist            Pending peer review for   
                            Surfactant Blend] A.   use in normally occupied 
                                                   areas.                   
                           Water Mist Systems     Must be individually      
                            with Additives.        submitted to EPA and     
                                                   reviewed on a case-by-   
                                                   case basis. No           
                                                   submissions have been    
                                                   received to date.        
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    
    
                      Solvent Cleaning--Pending Substitutes                 
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
           End-use               Substitute                Comments         
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Metals cleaning w/     HCFC-122.............  Agency is still reviewing 
     CFC-113, MCF, and                             ODP. This HCFC is a new  
     HCFC-141b.                                    chemical and must also   
                                                   complete Premanufacture  
                                                   Notice requirements under
                                                   the Toxic Substances     
                                                   Control Act.             
                           HFC-4310mee..........  SNAP/Premanufacture Notice
                                                   review under the Toxic   
                                                   Substances Control Act   
                                                   nearly completed.        
    Electronics cleaning   Perfluoropolyethers..  Agency evaluating global  
     w/ CFC-113, MCF and                           warming concerns.        
     HCFC-141b.                                                             
    Electronics cleaning   Perfluorocarbons       Agency in process of      
     w/ HCFC-141b.          (C5F12, C6F12,         evaluating global warming
                            C6F14, C7F16, C8F18,   concerns.                
                            C5F11NO, C6F13NO,                               
                            C7F15NO, and C8F16).                            
    Precision cleaning w/  HCFC-122.............  Agency is still reviewing 
     CFC-113, MCF.                                 ODP. This HCFC is a new  
                                                   chemical and must also   
                                                   complete Premanufacture  
                                                   Notice requirements under
                                                   the Toxic Substances     
                                                   Control Act.             
                           HFC-4310mee..........  SNAP and Premanufacture   
                                                   Notice review under the  
                                                   Toxic Substances Control 
                                                   Act is nearly completed. 
                           Chlorobromomethane...  EPA is completing a more  
                                                   detailed analysis on the 
                                                   range of ODP for this    
                                                   substitute and is        
                                                   reviewing updated        
                                                   information on the       
                                                   toxicity of this         
                                                   substitute.              
    Precision cleaning w/  Perfluorocarbons       Agency in process of      
     HCFC-141b.             (C5F12, C6F12,         evaluating global warming
                            C6F14, C7F16, C8F18,   concerns.                
                            C5F11NO, C6F13NO,                               
                            C7F15NO, and C8F16).                            
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    
                       Sterilants--Acceptable Substitutes                   
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
           End-use            Substitute        Decision         Comments   
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    12/88 CFC-12/Ethylene  Peroxyacetic     Acceptable.....                 
     Oxide.                 Acid/Hydrogen                                   
                            Peroxide Gas                                    
                            Plasma Systems.                                 
    Sterilants...........  Hydrogen         Acceptable.....                 
                            Peroxide Gas                                    
                            Plasma Systems.                                 
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    
                         Sterilants--Pending Substitutes                    
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
            End-use                 Substitute               Comments       
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    12/88 CFC-12/Ethylene    HFC-125/EtO............  Awaiting FIFRA        
     Oxide.                                            registration.        
    Sterilants.............  HFC-227ea/EtO..........  Awaiting FIFRA        
                                                       registration.        
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    
                          Aerosols--Pending Substitutes                     
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
           End-use               Substitute                Comments         
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    CFC-11, HCFC-22, and   SF6..................  Review nearly completed;  
     HCFC-142b.                                    extremely high GWP is    
                                                   major consideration.     
                                                   Compressed gas a viable  
                                                   alternative.             
    CFC-113, MCF, HCFC-    HCFC-225.............  EPA evaluating feasibility
     141b as solvents.                             of controling            
                                                   occupational exposures   
                                                   during use.              
                           Volatile methyl        EPA evaluating feasibility
                            siloxanes.             of controling            
                                                   occupational exposures   
                                                   during use.              
                           Perfluoropolyethers..  EPA evaluating global     
                                                   warming concerns.        
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    
    [[Page 38734]]
    
    [FR Doc. 95-18617 Filed 7-27-95; 8:45 am]
    BILLING CODE 6560-50-P
    
    

Document Information

Effective Date:
7/28/1995
Published:
07/28/1995
Department:
Environmental Protection Agency
Entry Type:
Rule
Action:
Notice of acceptability.
Document Number:
95-18617
Dates:
July 28, 1995.
Pages:
38729-38734 (6 pages)
Docket Numbers:
FRL-5266-4
PDF File:
95-18617.pdf
CFR: (1)
40 CFR 82