[Federal Register Volume 64, Number 131 (Friday, July 9, 1999)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 37326-37357]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 99-17156]
[[Page 37325]]
_______________________________________________________________________
Part VI
Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board
_______________________________________________________________________
36 CFR Part 1191
Americans With Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines; Recreation
Facilities; Proposed Rulemaking
Federal Register / Vol. 64, No. 131 / Friday, July 9, 1999 / Proposed
Rules
[[Page 37326]]
ARCHITECTURAL AND TRANSPORTATION BARRIERS COMPLIANCE BOARD
36 CFR Part 1191
[Docket No. 98-5]
RIN 3014-AA16
Americans With Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines;
Recreation Facilities
AGENCY: Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board.
ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking.
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SUMMARY: The Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board
(Access Board) proposes to amend the Americans with Disabilities Act
Accessibility Guidelines (ADAAG) by adding a new special application
section for newly constructed and altered recreation facilities that
are not adequately addressed by the existing guidelines. The new
section covers amusement rides, boating facilities, fishing piers and
platforms, golf courses, miniature golf, exercise equipment and
machines, bowling lanes, shooting ranges, swimming pools, wading pools,
and spas. The proposed rule also amends several existing ADAAG
provisions to specifically address certain recreation facility features
and adds provisions for saunas and steam rooms, and benches. Finally,
the proposed rule adds a provision for boat and ferry docks. The
amendments will ensure that newly constructed and altered recreation
facilities are readily accessible to and usable by individuals with
disabilities.
DATES: Comments should be received by November 8, 1999. The Access
Board will hold a public hearing on the proposed rule on August 26,
1999 from 9:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m.
ADDRESSES: Comments should be sent to the Office of Technical and
Information Services, Architectural and Transportation Barriers
Compliance Board, 1331 F Street, NW., suite 1000, Washington, DC 20004-
1111. Fax number (202) 272-5447. E-mail comments should be sent to
recreate@access-board.gov. Comments sent by e-mail will be considered
only if they include the full name and address of the sender in the
text. Comments will be available for inspection at the above address
from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. on regular business days.
The public hearing will be held at the Hyatt Regency, 300 Reunion
Boulevard in Dallas, Texas. Interested members of the public may
contact the Board at (202) 272-5434 extension 18 or (202) 272-5449
(TTY) to preregister to give testimony or may register on the day of
the hearing.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Peggy Greenwell, Office of Technical
and Information Services, Architectural and Transportation Barriers
Compliance Board, 1331 F Street, NW., suite 1000, Washington, DC 20004-
1111. Telephone number (202) 272-5434 extension 34 (Voice); (202) 272-
5449 (TTY). These are not toll-free numbers. E-mail address:
greenwell@access77.board.gov.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Availability of Copies and Electronic Access
Single copies of this publication may be obtained at no cost by
calling the Access Board's automated publications order line (202) 272-
5434, by pressing 1 on the telephone keypad, then 1 again, and
requesting publication S-37 (Recreation Facilities Notice of Proposed
Rulemaking). Persons using a TTY should call (202) 272-5449. Please
record a name, address, telephone number and request publication S-37.
This document is available in alternate formats upon request. Persons
who want a copy in an alternate format should specify the type of
format (cassette tape, Braille, large print, or computer disk). This
document is also available on the Board's Internet site (http://
www.access-board.gov/rules/recnprm.htm).
Background
The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) (42 U.S.C. 12101 et seq.)
is a comprehensive civil rights law that prohibits discrimination on
the basis of disability and requires, among other things, that newly
constructed and altered State and local government buildings and
facilities, places of public accommodation, and commercial facilities
be readily accessible to and usable by individuals with disabilities.
The Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board (Access
Board) \1\ is responsible for developing accessibility guidelines for
newly constructed and altered buildings and facilities subject to the
ADA. The Access Board initially issued the Americans with Disabilities
Act Accessibility Guidelines (ADAAG) (36 CFR part 1191) in 1991.\2\ The
ADA requires the Department of Justice and the Department of
Transportation to publish regulations that include design standards for
newly constructed and altered buildings and facilities that are
consistent with ADAAG.\3\
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\1\ The Access Board is an independent Federal agency
established by section 502 of the Rehabilitation Act (29 U.S.C. 792)
whose primary mission is to promote accessibility for individuals
with disabilities. The Access Board consists of 25 members. Thirteen
are appointed by the President from among the public, a majority of
who are required to be individuals with disabilities. The other
twelve are heads of the following Federal agencies or their
designees whose positions are Executive Level IV or above: The
departments of Health and Human Services, Education, Transportation,
Housing and Urban Development, Labor, Interior, Defense, Justice,
Veterans Affairs, and Commerce; General Services Administration; and
United States Postal Service.
\2\ Existing buildings and facilities, while subject to certain
ADA requirements, are not addressed by ADAAG except where altered.
Section 4.1.6 of the 1991 ADAAG contains the provisions relating to
alterations. Generally, each altered element and space is required
to comply with new construction technical specifications unless
technically infeasible. If alterations are made to an area
containing a primary function area, an accessible path of travel is
required to the altered area to the extent that the cost is not
disproportionate to the cost of the overall alteration as determined
under regulations issued by the Department of Justice. For the
Department of Justice's regulations on alterations to a primary
function area, see 28 CFR 36.403.
\3\ The ADA Standards for Accessible Design published by the
Department of Justice (28 CFR part 36, Appendix A) are based on the
1991 ADAAG. Newly constructed and altered recreation facilities
covered by the ADA must comply with the ADA Standards for Accessible
Design to the extent that the standards apply to the facility (e.g.,
parking areas, accessible routes, entrances, toilet rooms,
restaurants, mercantile establishments).
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ADAAG contains scoping provisions and technical specifications for
designing parking areas, entrances, toilet rooms and other elements and
spaces that typically comprise a building and its site so that
individuals with disabilities will have ready access to and use of the
facility. ADAAG also contains special application sections for certain
types of facilities, including restaurants, medical care facilities,
business and mercantile establishments, libraries, transient lodging,
and transportation facilities. ADAAG was amended in 1998 to add special
application sections for certain State and local government facilities,
including judicial, legislative and regulatory facilities, and
detention and correction facilities.
Various types of recreation facilities are covered by the ADA. The
Access Board is now proposing to amend several existing sections of
ADAAG and to add a new special application section to address the
unique features of recreation facilities that are not adequately
addressed by the current guidelines. The ADA covers a wide variety of
recreation facilities such as boating and fishing facilities, golf
courses, parks, places of amusement, play areas, sports facilities, and
trails. In
[[Page 37327]]
July 1993, the Access Board convened a Recreation Access Advisory
Committee as the first step in developing these guidelines. The
committee was comprised of owners and operators of recreation
facilities; persons who design recreation facilities or manufacture
related equipment; local, State and Federal officials responsible for
parks and other outdoor developed areas; and individuals with
disabilities and organizations representing their interests. The
committee was requested to accomplish the following objectives:
Develop a list of the various types of recreation
facilities;
Identify the features of each facility type that are not
adequately addressed by ADAAG;
Consider any unique design issues or constraints affecting
access to each facility type;
Review any existing voluntary guidelines for providing
access to the various facility types; and
Make recommendations for accessibility guidelines for each
facility type.
The committee organized itself into six subcommittees based on
facility types to accomplish these objectives: places of amusement;
boating and fishing facilities; golf; play areas; sports facilities;
and outdoor developed areas. The committee met five times between July
1993 and May 1994. Committee members spent most of their time working
in subcommittees which reported to the full committee. The
subcommittees also worked between committee meetings. Committee
meetings were well attended by persons interested in the committee's
work and public comment was received at each meeting. The subcommittees
also encouraged interested persons to participate in their work,
including providing information and reviewing draft reports. More than
250 people actively participated in the committee and subcommittee's
work and collectively gave between 50,000 and 60,000 hours of their
time. In July 1994, the committee formally presented its report and
recommendations to the Access Board. The committee's recommendations
represented the consensus of the members of each subcommittee, and not
necessarily the full committee. Because of this, this notice refers to
recommendations made by the subcommittee which examined particular
facilities.
After receiving the committee's report, the Access Board published
an Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (ANPRM) requesting public
comment on the recommendations. 59 FR 48542 (September 21, 1994). More
than 600 comments were received on the recommendations contained in the
report. Overall, the comments were supportive of the committee's
recommendations. However, public comment revealed a lack of a consensus
on some major issues regarding the committee's recommendations for play
areas and outdoor developed areas (i.e., trails, camping and picnic
facilities, and beaches). There was also a need to gain additional
input from some groups that had not been involved in the committee's
work. For these reasons, the Board elected to use a regulatory
negotiation process to develop proposed rules for play areas and
outdoor developed areas. In February 1996, the Board established a
regulatory negotiation committee on play areas. That committee met
seven times, and the Board published a notice of proposed rulemaking on
April 30, 1998 (63 FR 24080). In June 1997, the Board established a
regulatory negotiation committee on outdoor developed areas. That
committee will present a report to the Board in September 1999.
Using the Recreation Access Advisory Committee's recommendations,
the Board has developed proposed accessibility guidelines addressing
amusement rides, boating facilities, fishing piers and platforms, golf
courses, miniature golf, sports facilities, swimming pools, wading
pools, and spas. There were some areas where the Board needed
additional information. For example, the Board sponsored a research
project on swimming pool access to gather information. In other areas,
the Board believed that existing ADAAG adequately addressed an element
and as a result has not repeated or included the provisions in this
proposed rule. Finally, there are areas that the Board has not
addressed in this proposed rule. For example, accessibility guidelines
for ski areas have not been proposed. The Board will continue to
monitor and gather information in this and other areas for potential
future rulemaking.
The Board also is responsible for establishing accessibility
guidelines for federally financed facilities covered by the
Architectural Barriers Act (42 U.S.C. 4151 et seq.), including
facilities constructed or altered by Federal agencies. Since Federal
agencies own or operate many of the same type of recreational
facilities addressed by this proposed rule, the Board plans to take
action at a future date to make the provisions applicable to federally
financed facilities pursuant to the Architectural Barriers Act. Federal
agencies and other interested persons are encouraged to comment on this
proposed rule and how the provisions will affect recreational
facilities owned or operated by the Federal government.
Section-by-Section Analysis
This section of the preamble contains a concise summary of the
proposed rule. The proposed rule amends several existing sections of
ADAAG and adds a new special application section. For purposes of the
section by section analysis, the proposed amendments to the existing
sections of ADAAG and the new special application section are
summarized by type of facility.
Amusement Rides
3.5 Definitions
This section defines terms used in the proposed rule. Terms and
definitions established within the industry have been used to the
greatest extent possible.
The term ``amusement device'' means a device that moves persons
through a fixed course within a defined area for amusement or
entertainment purposes. Additionally, the definition specifies that the
rider does not control or operate an amusement device.
The term ``amusement ride'' is defined as a system containing one
or more amusement devices that provide the same general amusement
experience.
Question 1: The proposed rule does not address amusement
attractions without seats such as walk-through fun houses, mazes, or
barrels. Additionally, the proposed rule does not address amusement
rides where the patron has control over the ride, such as go-carts and
bumper boats. The Board is considering developing guidelines for these
types of amusement rides and attractions. Specific information
regarding the unique characteristics of these rides and how persons
with disabilities have accessed these rides is requested.
4.1.3(19)(a) Exception
ADAAG 4.1.3(19)(a) requires a specific number of wheelchair spaces
in an assembly area, based on the number of seats. An exception is
proposed to allow the installation of transfer seats instead of
wheelchair spaces, where the motion of fixed seats is an integral part
of an amusement experience. This exception applies only to fixed seats
in amusement facilities. Some seats in amusement attractions, such as
flight simulators, may provide motion as an integral part of the
amusement experience. Where seats move independent of the user,
transfer seats may enhance the user's amusement experience.
[[Page 37328]]
15.1 Amusement Rides
The proposed guidelines apply to permanent amusement rides and
devices with fixed seats that are set up for a long duration and are
not regularly assembled and disassembled (e.g., rides in amusement
parks and theme parks). They do not apply to amusement rides and
devices set up for a short period and assembled and disassembled
regularly (e.g., rides that are part of traveling carnivals, State and
county fairs, festivals, and other special events). However, itinerant
amusement rides and devices are covered by the ADA when they are
provided by a public entity or a public accommodation. The obligations
of covered entities operating itinerant amusement rides and devices are
established by the Department of Justice ADA regulations.
15.1.1 Number Required
This section applies to amusement rides with amusement devices
containing fixed seats. One wheelchair space complying with 15.1.3 is
required per 100 fixed seats, or fraction thereof, on each amusement
ride. In addition, one transfer seat complying with 15.1.4 must be
provided per 100 fixed seats, or fraction thereof, on each amusement
ride. Unlike other assembly seats, amusement ride devices cycle
frequently (between ninety seconds and fifteen minutes). Each device
accommodates a high volume of people due to its short cycles. Requiring
wheelchair spaces and transfer seats will provide more choice and
options for integrated seating.
The places of amusement subcommittee recommended that at least one
wheelchair space and at least one transfer seat be provided on an
amusement ride. They recommended that where a ride is comprised of
three cars, for example, one wheelchair space and one transfer seat
should be provided on one of the three cars. The Board has based the
requirement for wheelchair spaces and transfer seats on the number of
fixed seats provided on each ride. Given the diversity of amusement
rides, this approach is intended to simplify the requirement.
15.1.1 Exception
This exception permits the use of an additional transfer seat
instead of the required wheelchair space, where it is not operationally
or structurally feasible to provide wheelchair spaces. For purposes of
this section, feasibility is not to be determined by the cost of
providing a wheelchair space. Amusement rides must be readily
accessible to and usable by individuals with disabilities, including
individuals who use wheelchairs. A determination that it is
operationally or structurally infeasible should be based on an
engineering analysis that demonstrates that placing a wheelchair on a
ride would have a significant adverse effect on the structural
integrity of either the mobility device or the amusement device. For
example, some wheelchairs may not be designed to withstand the forces
that are a part of a ride. The places of amusement subcommittee
suggested that accommodating a person in a wheelchair on an amusement
device may not be feasible on a looping roller coaster, for example,
because the use of a wheelchair may raise a person's center of gravity
and impact the dynamic forces of a ride. A wheelchair may also create
instability on a raft ride. Designers should think about how to provide
a wheelchair space on a ride from the conceptual phase onward. If a
designer determines at some point that it is not operationally or
structurally feasible to do so, the guidelines do not require any
specific documentation. However, the designer should be prepared to
explain the basis for the determination if any questions arise about
the use of the exception.
15.1.1.1 Dispersion
This section requires that accessible amusement devices be
dispersed throughout an amusement ride. Where different types of
amusement devices are provided, accessible devices are required to be
dispersed among the different types.
15.1.2 Accessible Loading and Unloading Areas
This provision requires an accessible route to connect the portion
of the loading and unloading area serving each accessible amusement
device. The loading and unloading area serving each accessible
amusement device must provide a level maneuvering space complying with
ADAAG 4.2.3. This section permits loading and unloading in the same
area. This reduces the need to move a wheelchair or other mobility
device from the load area to the unload area.
15.1.2.1 Wheelchair Storage Space
This provision requires a wheelchair storage space complying with
ADAAG 4.2.4 to be provided in the unloading area for each required
transfer seat. For example, if a ride provides 200 fixed seats, two
transfer seats would be required. Thus, two wheelchair storage spaces
would also be required. Wheelchair storage spaces are necessary so that
individuals who transfer from their wheelchair to a ride device will
have a place to leave their wheelchair. The wheelchair storage spaces
cannot overlap any required means of egress or required accessible
routes.
15.1.2.2 Signage
This provision requires amusement rides to provide signs at the
entrance of queues and waiting lines to identify whether the accessible
amusement devices provide wheelchair spaces, transfer seats, or both.
Where an accessible unload area is coincident with the accessible load
area, the ride must provide signs at the entrance to the queue or
waiting line showing the location of the accessible load and unload
area. Signage will provide important information to people with
disabilities regarding the type of access provided (i.e., roll-on or
transfer) and the location of the accessible loading area. Since not
every person can transfer from a wheelchair or mobility device, signs
will reduce unnecessary backtracking.
15.1.2.3 Loading and Unloading
This provision requires the height of loading and unloading areas
to be coordinated with the floor height of an amusement device. When an
amusement device is at rest, the vertical difference between the floor
height of the loading and unloading area and the floor height of the
amusement ride device must be within plus or minus
\5/8\ inches under normal passenger load conditions. The horizontal gap
between the amusement ride device and the edge of the loading and
unloading area must be no greater than 3 inches. These changes in level
are consistent with the rail-to-platform height required in ADAAG
10.3.1(9) (Fixed Transportation Stations).
15.1.2.3 Exception
This exception permits the use of ramps, bridge plates, or similar
manually deployed devices complying with the applicable requirements of
36 CFR 1192.83, where it is not operationally or structurally feasible
to meet the horizontal or vertical difference requirements between
amusement ride devices and loading and unloading areas. The technical
requirements for ramps and bridge plates are based on the provisions
for light rail vehicles. For purposes of this section, feasibility is
not to be determined by the cost of providing access where there are
horizontal or vertical differences. An engineering analysis, however,
may demonstrate that eliminating the horizontal or vertical difference
between the ride
[[Page 37329]]
device and the loading and unloading areas would have a significant
adverse effect. Gaps between the amusement ride device and the load and
unload areas are necessary to protect patrons from potential pinching.
Amusement ride devices with more complicated suspensions may also be
unable to meet the access requirements and allow for the safe movement
of the amusement ride device. If a designer determines that it is not
operationally or structurally feasible to meet the horizontal or
vertical difference requirements between the amusement ride device and
the loading and unloading area, the guidelines do not require any
specific documentation. However, the designer should be prepared to
explain the basis for the determination if any questions arise about
the use of the exception.
15.1.3 Wheelchair Space
This section contains technical provisions for wheelchair spaces on
accessible amusement devices.
15.1.3.1 Floor or Ground Surface
This section requires floor or ground surfaces to be level.
Additionally, wheelchair spaces must comply with ADAAG 4.5.1, 4.5.3 and
4.5.4. These sections address surface characteristics, carpet, and
gratings. This section is consistent with other ADAAG provisions for
wheelchair spaces in assembly areas.
15.1.3.2 Width
This section requires a wheelchair space to be 36 inches minimum in
width. A 36 inch width is required, as opposed to 30 inches, because of
the confined spaces often found on amusement devices. This is
consistent with the maneuvering clearances required by ADAAG 4.2.4 for
alcoves.
15.1.3.3 Depth
This section requires that where a wheelchair space can be entered
from the front or rear, the wheelchair space must be 48 inches minimum
in depth. Where a wheelchair space can be entered only from the side,
the wheelchair space must be 60 inches minimum in depth.
15.1.3.4 Approach
This section requires that at least one side of the wheelchair
space adjoin an accessible route.
15.1.3.5 Fixed Companion Seats
This section requires that where amusement devices provide seating
for more than one rider, a fixed companion seat must be provided for
each required wheelchair space. Where amusement devices provide
shoulder to shoulder seating, companion seats must be shoulder to
shoulder with the adjacent wheelchair space. For example, where an
amusement device provides single seating in the front and rear of a
device, the companion seating is not required to be positioned shoulder
to shoulder with the wheelchair space. Where a ride provides seating
for more than one rider sitting shoulder to shoulder, the wheelchair
space and required companion seating must also be aligned shoulder to
shoulder.
15.1.4 Transfer Seat
This section contains technical provisions for transfer seats on
accessible amusement devices. Some of the provisions may be consistent
with current design practices. The places of amusement subcommittee
recommended technical provisions for a diagonal approach, side
approach, and other special transfer provisions. The Board has proposed
provisions for side transfers only, because in many cases one transfer
seat will be provided and a side transfer will be accessible to the
greatest range of individuals with disabilities.
15.1.4.1 Clear Floor Space
This section requires a clear space complying with ADAAG 4.2.4.1 to
be provided with the longer dimension parallel to the unobstructed side
of the transfer seat and to be located within 3 inches maximum of the
transfer seat. A clear space allows space for a stationary wheelchair
adjacent to the transfer seat. The clear floor space must extend 12
inches beyond the back of the seat so that the rear wheels of a
wheelchair do not obstruct a person's transfer.
15.1.4.2 Maneuvering Space
This section permits the maneuvering space required by 15.1.2 to
overlap the clear floor space serving transfer seats. This is
consistent with existing ADAAG requirements.
15.1.4.3 Transfer Seat Dimensions and Position
This section requires the height of transfer seats to be 17 inches
minimum to 19 inches maximum above the load and unload platform. The
end of the transfer seat adjacent to the clear floor space complying
with 15.1.4.1 must be unobstructed when in the load or unload position
to permit transfer. The places of amusement subcommittee recommended a
height of 15 to 19 inches to address the needs of children. The
proposed guidelines are largely based on adult dimensions. As a result,
the 17 to 19 inch range, which is consistent with other elements
designed for transfer (ADAAG 4.16 and ADAAG 4.21), has been proposed.
ADAAG 2.2 permits equivalent facilitation. This means that departures
from these proposed provisions will be permitted, provided that
alternative designs and technologies used provide substantially
equivalent or greater access to and usability of the amusement ride.
If, for example, an amusement ride is to be used primarily by children,
a lower transfer seat height may be appropriate.
15.1.4.4 Transfer Entry
This section requires that, when in the load and unload position,
an amusement device provide a 36 inch wide minimum entry. The entry
must provide an opening and be positioned parallel to the longer
dimension of the clear floor space.
Question 2: The places of amusement subcommittee indicated that on
certain amusement devices, transfer access may not be possible.
Examples included amusement devices in flumes and pools where the pool
sides must be higher than the amusement devices. Also, in some water
rides, water levels must be kept lower than the loading areas. Are
there other amusement devices with seats where it is not operationally
or structurally feasible to design the amusement device to provide
transfer seats? The Board is interested in specific information on why
such amusement devices cannot be designed to provide transfer seats.
The Board requests comments on how ADAAG should address amusement
devices where transfer access cannot be provided. The Board also
requests comments on the impact of providing a wheelchair space and a
transfer seat on permanent amusement rides with a small number of fixed
seats.
Question 3: The Board has examined issues related to providing an
accessible route connecting accessible elements on sites used for
fairs, carnivals, and other itinerant places of amusement. In many
circumstances, a site such as a field or parking lot may be used for a
short period of time. Where the site is altered to provide a route to
serve the temporary elements, ADAAG accessible route provisions apply.
This requires, among other things, for the surface to be stable, firm,
and slip-resistant and to have a conforming slope. The places of
amusement subcommittee recommended that fairs, carnivals, and other
itinerant places of amusement provide a modified accessible route to
connect temporary elements. The Board requests comments on how to
address the issue of accessible routes in itinerant
[[Page 37330]]
places of amusement. When a site is altered to provide a route to serve
temporary elements, should the route be required to meet the technical
provisions of ADAAG 4.3? If not, how should such routes be treated?
What factors should be considered in determining when it is appropriate
to depart from the technical provisions for an accessible route?
Question 4: The proposed rule does not contain any requirement for
access to water slides. The Board requests comment on this issue.
Boating Facilities
3.5 Definitions
This section defines terms used in the proposed rule.
The term ``boat launch ramp'' is defined as a sloped surface
designed for the launching and retrieval of trailered boats to and from
the water.
The term ``boat slip'' is defined as the area where a boat is tied
to a dock or pier for the purpose of embarking or disembarking.
The term ``design high point'' means a selected elevation, based on
hydrologic data and other appropriate records, that is used as a safe
and practical upper limit for the design and construction of a gangway
to a floating facility. The term is necessary for establishing a
vertical measurement to the water level. Designers have some discretion
in determining the high point based on this information. The Board has
combined the design high point with other factors to determine gangway
slopes.
The term ``gangway'' is defined as a variable-sloped structure
linking a fixed structure or land with a floating structure.
10.5 Boat and Ferry Docks
This section requires that boat and ferry docks comply with 15.2.
The Board added a special application section for transportation
facilities (section 10) to ADAAG in 1991. However, provisions to
address access to floating boat and ferry docks were not yet developed
and section 10.5 was reserved. This section applies the provisions
contained in 15.2 to boat and ferry docks covered by 10.5.
15.2 Boating Facilities
This section applies to each boating facility provided within a
site and requires compliance with the applicable provisions of 15.2. A
boating facility can contain one or more piers and the same facility
can also include one or more boat launch ramps. In some cases, such as
a State park with a large lake, a site may contain more than one
boating facility. In other cases, several boating facilities may be
located in the same waterfront area, each operated by different
operators. The provisions of 15.2 apply to each boating facility.
15.2.1 Gangways
This section requires that gangways which are part of an accessible
route comply with ADAAG 4.3. Gangways are permitted to have transition
plates at the top and bottom.
At boating facilities, gangways function as bridges that link land
or fixed structures with floating piers. As water levels rise and fall,
the gangway slopes also rise and fall. Sometimes the changes may be
very gradual over a period of weeks or months, and in other cases
dramatic changes occur over a few hours. Often, the land sides of
gangways are hinged to fixed structures with the pier sides left free
to move across the pier surfaces as the slope of the gangway changes.
Rollers are sometimes attached to the pier end to allow the gangway to
adjust freely as the slope changes. These rollers can produce changes
in level between the walking surface at the end of the gangway and the
walking surface of the floating pier. Other friction reducing aids and
the framing that forms the structural supports of the gangway can
produce changes in level. Sometimes, neither end of the gangway is
hinged and a change in level occurs at both ends.
Where the slope of an accessible route exceeds 1:20, ADAAG 4.3.7
requires the sloping surface to comply with ADAAG 4.8 (Ramps). ADAAG
4.8 requires level landings at the top and bottom of each ramp segment.
Because of the changing water levels and the varying slopes of
gangways, the boating and fishing subcommittee recognized the
difficulty in providing level landings. Proposed 15.2.1 permits the use
of transition plates at the top and bottom of a gangway. Transition
plates are often constructed of metal and are used to connect the ends
of a gangway to a boarding dock. The boating and fishing facilities
subcommittee recommended that transition plates be allowed at the ends
of gangways and that these transition plates have slopes less than or
equal to 1:12 (8.33 percent).
15.2.1 Exceptions 1 and 2
Exception 1 proposes that the maximum rise requirements of ADAAG
4.8.2 not apply to gangways. In addition, exception 2 proposes that
gangways be permitted to exceed the 1:12 maximum slope specified by
ADAAG 4.8.2, when the vertical distance between the design high point
and the level of the water exceeds the vertical distance specified in
the left hand column of Table 15.2.1 and the square footage of fixed
and floating piers at the facility is less than the square footage
specified in the right hand column of Table 15.2.1.
One of the most difficult issues relating to accessibility in
boating facilities is the issue of gangway slopes. Bodies of water
fluctuate due to rainfall, snow melting, droughts, reservoir draw
downs, surge effects, tidal forces, flood control, and other factors.
Fluctuations can range from less than 12 inches to changes of more than
40 feet, and sometimes, several hundred feet with reservoir
impoundments. Changes can occur rapidly over a few hours or gradually
over an operating season. Overall, boating and fishing facilities
subcommittee members agreed that under some circumstances, the slope of
a gangway could exceed the maximum 1:12 slope allowed for ramps by
ADAAG 4.8.2. The boating and fishing facilities subcommittee
recommended three options for gangway slopes.
Option 1 recommended that where water level changes do not exceed 5
feet during the operating season, gangways should comply with ADAAG
4.3. The boating and fishing facilities subcommittee noted that
additional information was needed to recommend design standards where
water level changes exceed 5 feet.
Option 2, primarily based on recommendations made by the States
Organization for Boating Access, recommended that gangways be allowed
to be 60 feet long before a level landing is required. It also
recommended that gangways located in areas with annual water
fluctuations of zero to 5 feet should have slopes that do not exceed
1:12, the maximum permitted by ADAAG 4.8.2. In areas with annual water
fluctuations of 5 feet or more during 92 percent of the operating
season, the slope of the gangway should not exceed 1:12.
Option 3 recommended that an accessible route be provided to at
least one of each type of boating activity in recreational boating
facilities. A gangway connecting an accessible dock or pier should
comply with ADAAG 4.3 during all operating hours of a facility. Boating
and fishing facilities subcommittee members also noted that additional
information was needed to determine when exceptions to ADAAG 4.3 should
apply.
A substantial majority of commenters to the ANPRM supported option
2. Most supporters of option 2 agreed with allowing the gangway to be
60 feet long. However, a substantial number of
[[Page 37331]]
commenters did not support the 92 percent requirement and recommended
that the percentage should be closer to 50 percent.
The Board determined that further information and cost data was
necessary to develop a slope requirement for gangways. In 1996, the
Board completed a study to develop design solutions and general cost
estimates for providing access to floating boating facilities. The
study found that there was a relationship between the cost of
compliance with ADAAG 4.3 and water level change. Costs of providing
gangway ramping systems conforming to ADAAG 4.3 ranged from $10,000 for
a 30 inch water level change to $450,000 for a 30 foot water level
change. Cost estimates included fabrication, delivery, and placement of
a gangway in the water, but excluded configuration and mooring system
costs. The study also indicated that price bids in a competitive marine
environment can easily vary up to 50 percent above or below engineers'
estimates.
As the range of water level changes increases, so does the
complexity of the structures designed to provide access. In one example
provided in the Board's study, a design was provided to access a 12.5
foot change in water level while still complying with existing ADAAG
requirements. The design included three ramps on land, four on a
floating structure, and two 64 foot gangways. Because ADAAG 4.8.2
limits the rise of a ramp run to 30 inches, the design increased the
gangway length so that the slopes never exceeded 1:20. The estimated
cost for this gangway ramping system was more than $200,000.
The study also evaluated the use of elevators and platform lifts
and reported that in the 30 inch to 30 foot range, gangway ramp systems
could be half as expensive as lift or elevator-based systems. It was
also noted that there are maintenance difficulties in operating
mechanical devices such as platform lifts and elevators in saltwater
environments.
The Board recognizes that the interface between land and water
environments is often very dynamic and constraints exist which cannot
be easily resolved. Waterside restrictions include limits on how far
piers may project from shore lines into navigable channels. For small
facilities, such as a bait shop with a floating pier capable of mooring
a few row boats, the cost of providing a gangway conforming to ADAAG
4.3 could become economically infeasible as the change in water level
increases. However, for large facilities, such as a 1000-slip marina,
conformance to ADAAG 4.3 would be feasible even as the change in water
level increases.
In an attempt to balance the economic impact of this proposed rule
with the access concerns of persons with disabilities, the Board
identified two issues with the greatest impact on floating facilities:
gangway lengths and gangway slopes. As the range of water level changes
increase, gangways generally increase in length. Where gangway lengths
are restricted, supporting land and pier ramps must be provided, which
increase the size and complexity of such gangway ramping systems. The
study showed that by allowing a gangway length to increase beyond 30
feet, and even beyond 60 feet, the complexity and size of the gangway
ramping system was often reduced. Therefore, this section proposes that
the rise restrictions under ADAAG 4.8.2 not apply to gangways.
With respect to gangway slopes, the Board sought to balance access
and the economic impact on small and large facilities. Exception 2
references table 15.2.1 which establishes conditions where gangways are
permitted to exceed a 1:12 slope. The table is based on the vertical
distance the water level descends below an established design high
point and the square footage of all the fixed and floating piers at a
boating facility. Since this exception only applies to gangways,
accessible routes to fixed piers must conform to all requirements of
ADAAG 4.3, including slope. Fixed piers are not subject to water level
changes and gangways are not needed. Also, because this exception is
applicable only to gangways, fixed ramping systems required on land or
on floating piers must conform to all requirements of ADAAG 4.3,
including slope.
The table permits, during the time the water level is beyond a
certain distance from a design high point, a gangway to exceed the
slope maximums of ADAAG 4.3. Although the exception allows slopes
greater than allowed by ADAAG 4.3, the exception has not modified any
other requirement of ADAAG 4.3, such as handrails. The exception
applies to tidal and non-tidal settings and to all gangways within a
boating facility that are part of an accessible route.
Based on this exception, some boating facilities will not have
access conforming to ADAAG 4.3 all the time. Some facilities may have
access conforming to ADAAG 4.3 only during times when the water level
is at higher levels and as water levels decline, the gangway slopes
will become steeper. Because gangway slopes rise and fall, it is
possible that for some facilities, gangways will also have zero slopes
for certain water levels. Where table 15.2.1 establishes no maximum
slope, a sloped surface is still required. Stairs are not permitted as
a part of an accessible route.
Question 5: Some floating piers, although small, are designed
primarily for use by larger passenger vessels, such as tour boats. The
Board is considering adding a provision that would also control the
slope of a gangway in some facilities based on the size of the vessels
they are designed to accommodate. The Board is interested in the extent
to which floating piers are provided for use by passenger vessels
carrying more than 150 passengers or more than 49 overnight guests.
Specific size and cost information for the construction of this type of
facility is also requested.
15.2.1 Exception 3
This section exempts handrail extension requirements on gangways or
landings where they connect to transition plates and permits transition
plates to be free of handrail extensions.
ADAAG 4.8.5 requires that if a ramp has a rise greater than 6
inches or a horizontal projection greater than 72 inches, handrails are
required on both sides. ADAAG 4.8.5(2) further provides that if
handrails are not continuous, they shall extend at least 12 inches
beyond the top and bottom of the ramp segment and be parallel with the
floor or ground surface.
Because gangway slopes change, ensuring that handrail extensions
remain parallel with adjacent walking surface would be difficult. In
addition, if transition plates are required to have handrail
extensions, these extensions would also have problems remaining
parallel with adjacent walking surfaces and would overlap with the
gangway extensions. For these reasons, handrail extensions are not
required on gangways or landings where they connect to transition
plates and are not required on transition plates.
15.2.2 Slips: Minimum Number
This section requires that where boat slips are provided, at least
3 percent, but not less than one, shall comply with 15.2.3. Accessible
boat slips must be dispersed throughout the various types provided.
This dispersion provision does not require an increase in the minimum
number of boat slips required to be accessible.
The boating and fishing facilities subcommittee recommended that
when boat slips are provided, the number of accessible boat slips be
determined using the scoping provisions of ADAAG 4.1.2(5)(a) for
vehicle parking spaces. Using ADAAG 4.1.2(5)(a), a 100-slip
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boating facility would need 4 accessible boat slips. Most commenters
responding to this recommendation in the ANPRM supported using the
vehicle parking scoping. A few commenters questioned whether the need
for accessible boat slips was the same as accessible vehicle parking
spaces.
Designing accessible boat slips will have limited impact on newly
constructed boating facilities. Wider piers and pier clearances are
often incorporated into newer facilities. The 3 percent requirement was
selected to parallel the accessible vehicle parking requirements. A
percent was used, as opposed to a table, to simplify application.
Therefore, a 50-slip boating facility would need two accessible boat
slips and a 100-slip facility would need three accessible boat slips.
However, where the number of boat slips cannot be identified, each 40
feet of mooring space provided along the perimeter of a pier shall be
counted as one boat slip.
To ensure that persons with disabilities have access to different
types of boat slips, 15.2.2 also requires that the accessible boat
slips be dispersed throughout the various types provided. Types include
the size of the boat slip, single berths, double berths, depth of the
water, transient, longer-term lease, covered slips, and slips equipped
with features such as telephone, water, electricity and cable
connections. To satisfy this dispersal requirement, the provision does
not require an increase in the minimum number of boat slips required to
be accessible.
15.2.2.1 Slips Serving Boat Launch Ramps
This section requires that, in addition to the requirements of
15.2.2, where boat launch ramps are provided with boarding piers, at
least one accessible boat slip complying with 15.2.3 be provided
adjacent to a boat launch ramp.
This provision has been proposed to ensure that where boarding
piers are provided at boating facilities with launch ramps, at least
one launch ramp will have an accessible boat slip. This accessible boat
slip is in addition to the accessible boat slips required by 15.2.2.
Where an accessible boat slip is required on a boarding dock, an
accessible route complying with ADAAG 4.3 must serve the slip. Where
the boarding dock is a floating dock, a gangway complying with 15.2.1
is permitted. Section 15.2.1, exception 2, includes the square footage
of the dock in the total square footage of fixed and floating piers at
the boating facility.
Boat launch ramps typically have slopes steeper than 1:12 (8.33
percent). Steeper slopes allow boats to float free of their trailers
while the depth of the water does not submerge the tow vehicle's
exhaust system. In saltwater areas, steeper slopes also reduce
saltwater exposure to the underside of tow vehicles. In general, the
Board is not proposing any provisions that will change the slope of a
boat launch ramp. However, where an accessible route connecting an
accessible boarding dock is coincident with the boat launch ramp, that
portion of the launch ramp must meet the requirements of ADAAG 4.3,
including slope.
15.2.2.2 Location
This section requires that among each type provided, accessible
boat slips be those nearest to amenities provided in a boating
facility. Since travel distance is often an important consideration for
persons with disabilities, the Board proposes this section to address
the location of accessible boat slips. First, under 15.2.2, the various
types of boat slips are determined and the required accessible boat
slips are assigned to the selected types. Then, under this section,
within the group of boat slips of the same type, the accessible slips
must be the ones nearest to the amenities provided in a boating
facility. The following example illustrates this provision.
A boating facility has two piers, each containing 60 boat slips.
With a total of 120 boat slips, four accessible boat slips would be
required. One pier has transient slips and the other has long-term
lease slips. Both piers are served by the same parking lot and a public
restroom. At the end of the transient slip pier, a ship's store and
fueling station are provided. To comply with 15.2.2.2, the two
accessible slips on the long-term lease pier must be located closest to
the amenities provided, the parking lot and restroom. On the transient
pier, one slip next to the parking lot must be accessible and one slip
nearest to the ship's store and fueling station must be accessible.
15.2.3 Accessible Boat Slips
This section contains provisions for accessible boat slips.
15.2.3.1 Pier Clearances
This section requires that accessible boat slips be served by clear
pier space 60 inches wide minimum and at least as long as the
accessible boat slip. At least one 60 inch minimum continuous clear
opening must be provided within every 120 inch maximum of linear pier
edge serving an accessible boat slip.
Using the vehicle parking spaces in ADAAG 4.6 as a guide, the Board
is proposing that an accessible boat slip be provided a 60 inch wide
minimum pier space, similar to an access aisle, and at least as long as
the boat slip. Boat slips may contain features such as pillions,
bollards and cleats, and utility connections such as electrical, water,
and sewage that can block or interfere with transfer to and from a
boat. This section also requires that every 120 inches maximum of
linear pier edge contain at least one opening 60 inches minimum along
the edge of a pier at accessible boat slips to allow for access to and
from a boat. Flexibility has been provided to designers and operators
to decide the placement of these openings, understanding that the
purpose is to allow space for transfer to and from a boat. For example,
a 40 foot long accessible boat slip would have at least four clear
openings provided along the pier edge. The different openings will
accommodate different size vessels and mooring orientations (e.g.,
stern first, bow first).
Fishing Piers and Platforms
15.3 Fishing Piers and Platforms
This section requires that each fishing pier and platform comply
with 15.3.
15.3.1 Accessible Route
This section applies the requirements for gangways in 15.2.1 when
an accessible route connects a floating fishing pier or a floating
fishing platform. The Board recognizes that floating fishing piers and
floating fishing platforms are subject to many of the same constraints
as floating boating piers. As a result, the gangway provisions of
15.2.1 would apply. The total square footage of floating and fixed pier
space at a fishing facility must be used to determine the requirements
for a gangway accessing a fishing pier or platform. If a boating
facility has a floating boarding dock at a boat launch ramp and another
floating structure which serves as a fishing platform, both the square
footage of the boarding dock and the fishing platform would be used
under 15.2.1, Exception 2, to determine the slope criteria for the
gangway accessing the fishing platform. Likewise, the same square
footage would be used to determine the slope criteria for the gangway
accessing the boarding dock.
15.3.2 Railings
This section requires that where railings, guardrails, or handrails
are provided, they must comply with 15.3.2.
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15.3.2.1 Edge Protection
Where railings, guardrails, or handrails are provided, this section
requires edge protection to be provided and extend 2 inches minimum
above the ground or deck surface. The requirement for edge protection
is triggered only where railings, guardrails, or handrails are provided
on a fishing pier or platform. Edge protection will prevent wheelchairs
and other mobility aids from slipping off the fishing pier or platform.
15.3.2.2 Height
Where railings, guardrails, and handrails have been installed on
fishing piers and platforms, the height of the railings interfere with
fishing and block vision for persons who use wheelchairs and other
mobility devices. This section requires at least 25 percent of the
railings to be a maximum of 32 inches high above the surface of the
fishing pier or platform to address this problem. The section is based
on the recommendations from the boating and fishing subcommittee.
Anglers who stand can fish from any part of the pier or platform and
change location depending on the fishing conditions. The boating and
fishing subcommittee wanted to ensure that persons with disabilities
have a similar range of choices to fish from a variety of locations.
This section does not address the material or spacing between the
horizontal or vertical supports and between the top of the railing and
the surface of the fishing pier or platform. Building codes and
standards, and common construction practices address the design of
these spaces, which can be solid or include vertical or horizontal
barriers.
During the advisory committee meetings and in the comments on the
ANPRM, questions were raised regarding whether guardrail standards
issued by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
apply to recreational fishing piers and platforms. The OSHA standards
apply ``with respect to employments performed in a workplace.'' 29 CFR
1910.5(a). The OSHA guardrail standards provide in relevant part that
``[e]very open-sided floor or platform 4 feet or more above adjacent
floor or ground level shall be guarded by a standard railing.'' 29 CFR
1910.23(c). OSHA prescribes a 42 inch height for a standard railing. 29
CFR 1910.23(e). The Board has conferred with OSHA's Directorate of
Compliance Programs, and that office has confirmed that OSHA does not
routinely enforce its guardrail standards at recreational fishing piers
and platforms.
Question 6: Many building codes and standards generally require a
guardrail not less than 42 inches in height where there is an
unenclosed floor opening more than 30 inches above the grade or floor
below. These codes and standards do not require guardrails at certain
locations such as the loading side of a loading dock or raised
platforms used for entertainment, and permit lowered railings at other
locations such as in front of the first row of fixed seats on a
balcony. The Board seeks information about whether these codes and
standards have been applied to recreational fishing piers and
platforms. Where lower guardrails have been used, the Board is
interested in knowing the height of those lower guardrails and what
steps were taken to ensure that their use was permitted under the
applicable codes and standards. In light of concerns that have been
raised about safety issues related to lower guardrails, the Board also
is interested in any experiences designers or operators have had where
guardrails have been lowered to accommodate individuals using
wheelchairs and other mobility devices.
15.3.2.3 Dispersion
This section requires that lowered railings (32 inch maximum)
required by 15.3.2.2 be dispersed throughout a fishing facility. This
provides anglers with disabilities with a choice of locations for
fishing on a fishing pier or platform.
15.3.3 Clear Pier or Platform Space
This section requires that at least one clear space complying with
ADAAG 4.2.4 be provided where the railing height required by 15.3.2.2
is located. Where no railings are provided, at least one clear space
complying with ADAAG 4.2.4 shall be provided on the fishing pier or
fishing platform. The Board has not set a minimum size for a fishing
pier or platform, but has proposed minimum clear space requirements so
that the accessible route can be adjacent to the 32 inch maximum high
rails.
15.3.4 Maneuvering Space
This section requires that at least one maneuvering space complying
with ADAAG 4.2.3 be provided on a fishing pier or platform to allow
persons who use wheelchairs to turn and exit the space safely.
Golf
The golf subcommittee developed recommended accessibility
guidelines for newly constructed 18 and 9 hole golf courses and for
miniature golf courses. In examining 18 and 9 hole golf courses, the
golf subcommittee considered all elements of the course and made
recommendations that would increase accessibility for persons with
disabilities without significantly changing the game of golf. Issues
involving the application of ADAAG accessible route provisions were
important in the golf subcommittee's discussions.
3.5 Definitions
This section defines terms used in the proposed rule. Terms and
definitions established within the industry have been used to the
greatest extent possible.
The term ``golf car passage'' is defined as a continuous passage on
which a motorized golf car, also known as golf carts, can operate.
Designers and operators sometimes use the term ``golf car path'' to
identify what the Board is defining as a ``golf car passage''. Because
the term ``golf car path'' may connote a prepared surface, the term was
not used. While a golf car passage must be usable by golf cars, it does
not necessarily need to be a prepared surface.
The Board recognizes that not all golf courses provide golf cars or
golf car passages. However, by requiring a course to be designed and
constructed to allow for golf car travel between accessible elements
and spaces on a course, individuals who bring their own golf car or use
those provided at a course, will have the opportunity to play the game
of golf. On most courses where golf cars are not provided, paths for
maintenance vehicles often exist which could support golf car passages
and generally connect many of the elements and spaces required to be
accessible.
A ``teeing ground'' is defined as the starting place for a hole to
be played. This definition is consistent with the United States Golf
Association definition, which describes a teeing ground as a
rectangular area two club-lengths in depth, with the front and sides
defined by the outside limits of two tee-markers.
15.4.1 Accessible Route
This section requires that, where the accessible route is located
within the boundary of a golf course, it must be 48 inches wide minimum
and connect to the bag drop areas, accessible teeing grounds, and
putting greens. Additionally, where handrails are required, the
accessible route is required to be 60 inches wide minimum.
The golf subcommittee considered the ADAAG requirements for an
accessible route to be impractical on a golf course
[[Page 37334]]
for several reasons. First, the route of play for a golfer is dependent
on where the ball lands and is therefore unpredictable. Secondly, there
is an assumption that on most courses, most golfers use a golf car to
move throughout the course. Finally, the golf subcommittee raised
concerns that requiring an accessible route throughout a course would
substantially alter the slopes within a course and eliminate some of
the challenge of the game.
As a result, the golf subcommittee recommended that an accessible
route only be required to connect course elements from a golf car path
or a golf car parking area. This was intended to allow a golfer with a
disability to ride in a golf car to reach a point where an accessible
route would provide access to various course elements. Public comment
received from golf course architects, operators, and the Association of
Disabled Golfers to the ANPRM generally supported this approach.
The Board agrees that making the game of golf accessible to the
majority of persons with disabilities can be achieved primarily through
the use of golf cars. These proposed guidelines incorporate the concept
of providing access through a golf car passage and allow for access to
various elements. These proposed guidelines also ensure that all of the
amenities (such as snack bars, toilet rooms, and weather shelters) on a
course are accessible and are connected by a golf car passage.
Question 7: These proposed guidelines are based on the golf
subcommittee's recommendations for 18 and 9 hole courses. Should
smaller courses (i.e., 3 or 6 holes) have the option of using a golf
car passage in lieu of a modified accessible route?
15.4.1 Exception 1
This exception permits the use of a golf car passage in lieu of all
or part of an accessible route within the boundary of a golf course.
This exception does not apply to practice putting greens and driving
ranges since they are not located within a course.
Question 8: The proposed requirements for a golf car passage seek
to provide access for players on a golf course. The Board requests
comments on how access should be provided for spectators during a golf
tournament.
15.4.1 Exception 2
This exception provides that accessible routes within the boundary
of a golf course are not required to comply with handrail requirements
in ADAAG 4.8.5. It is hazardous for handrails to be located through a
green, or on teeing grounds, because of the danger of golf balls
ricochetting off rails. Since most elements are required to be
accessible from golf car paths, handrails would be of little utility
along those routes.
15.4.2 Teeing Grounds
This section requires that where one teeing ground is provided for
a hole, it must comply with 15.4.7. If two or more teeing grounds are
provided for a hole, at least two teeing grounds must be accessible.
The golf subcommittee recommended that as many teeing grounds as
possible be made accessible on each hole, but that at least one
accessible teeing ground per hole be required. The golf subcommittee
based its recommendation on the premise that an accessible route with a
running slope not exceeding 1:20 may be required to connect the golf
car path and the teeing ground, and that it may not be possible to
provide such a route to each teeing ground due to sloped terrain. The
exception to 15.4.1, which permits the use of a golf car passage in
lieu of an accessible route with the boundary of a golf course, is very
flexible and would allow a golfer with a disability to access the
teeing ground by using a golf car, instead of providing an accessible
route to the area. The Board recognizes that some teeing grounds may be
located on steep slopes and that it may not be possible to provide a
golf car passage to each teeing ground. Comments to the ANPRM
recommended that more than one accessible teeing ground be required for
each hole. Commenters were concerned that if only one accessible teeing
ground per hole were required, it would be the forward tee. Commenters
considered that this would be discriminatory toward golfers with
disabilities. When golf courses provide several teeing grounds for each
hole, the placement of these areas is usually based on skill level
(e.g., one set of teeing grounds would be the ``pro tee'' and the other
set would be the ``amateur tee''). Golfers with disabilities want the
same range of choice to play from different teeing grounds appropriate
to their skill levels. The proposed rule would ensure a range of choice
for golfers with disabilities.
Question 9: The Board requests comments on the number of accessible
teeing grounds that should be required for each hole. If more than one
accessible teeing ground is required per hole, should one of the
accessible tees be the forward tee?
15.4.3 Driving Ranges and Practice Tees
This section requires that where driving ranges or practice tees
are provided, at least 5 percent, but not less than one, of the
practice tees must comply with 15.4.7. This provision applies to
practice facilities adjacent to a golf course, in addition to stand-
alone facilities.
15.4.4 Weather Shelters
This section requires weather shelters to be designed and
constructed to allow a golf car to enter and exit in a forward
direction and have a clear floor or ground space 60 inches minimum by
96 inches minimum. This space will allow a golf car to be driven
directly into a weather shelter.
15.4.5 Golf Car Passage
This section requires openings at least 60 inches wide at intervals
of 75 yards where curbs or other manmade barriers are provided along a
golf car passage to prohibit a golf car from entering a fairway. These
openings will provide access to fairways at reasonable intervals where
golf cars are used to play the game.
15.4.5.1 Width
This section requires a golf car passage to be 48 inches wide
minimum. This dimension is based on the standard width of gasoline or
electric powered golf cars.
Question 10: Although the Board has proposed to allow a golf car
passage within a golf course, limited technical requirements have been
proposed for golf car passages. Should the Board establish additional
technical requirements (e.g., maximum slope or changes in level)? Do
criteria exist which govern the design and construction of golf car
paths? Do requirements applicable to golf car paths exist in State or
local codes? Do slope and width criteria allow use of the golf car
passage by golf cars?
15.4.6 Putting Greens
This section requires putting greens to be designed and constructed
to allow a golf car to enter, maneuver within, and exit the putting
green. Unlike teeing grounds, each hole of a golf course is provided
with only one putting green where the hole is located. This provision
supports the use of a golf car on the putting green and requires space
to allow a golf car to approach, enter, and exit. This requirement
should not impact the design or space required for putting greens.
15.4.7 Teeing Grounds
This section requires teeing grounds to be level with a clear space
of 10 feet by 10 feet and be designed and constructed so that a golf
car can enter in a forward direction and maneuver.
[[Page 37335]]
This dimension is wide enough to accommodate a player playing off of
the side of a golf car or from a wheelchair. The teeing ground is
required to be level since slopes and cross slopes are difficult for
wheelchair users to manage even on relatively flat routes of travel.
Question 11: Proposed technical provisions for teeing grounds
require cross slopes no greater than 1:48 in all directions. The Board
understands that maintaining this slope may be difficult on turf
surfaces due to settling. Drainage problems have also been reported in
areas where 1:48 slopes are provided. The Board requests information
from operators on the maintenance of teeing areas where 1:48 slopes are
provided.
The proposed rule does not contain any requirements for access to
bunkers or other hazards. The golf subcommittee recommended that
practice bunkers be made accessible, but not bunkers and hazards on the
course. There was minimal support in the comments to the ANPRM to make
bunkers and hazards accessible.
Miniature Golf
The golf subcommittee recommended accessibility guidelines for
miniature golf facilities. While the majority of commenters responding
to the ANPRM supported the recommendations, several operators and
miniature golf trade groups were opposed to the recommendations.
Concerns were expressed that the recommended accessibility guidelines
would require additional space and cost, and would be too onerous for
operators. There were also concerns about the loss of curbing in areas
where a ball may ricochet.
To obtain additional information on providing access to miniature
golf courses, the Board participated in information meetings with
designers, operators, persons with disabilities, and representatives
from miniature golf trade associations. The purpose of these meetings
was to gather additional information about the varied range of facility
types, accessibility barriers, obstacles for designers in providing
accessibility, options for making individual holes accessible,
providing an accessible route throughout a course, and trends in
miniature golf course design. The Board has taken this additional
information into account in proposing accessibility guidelines for
miniature golf courses.
15.5 Miniature Golf Courses
This section requires each hole on a miniature golf course to be
accessible. The technical requirements for an accessible hole on a
miniature golf course are addressed in 15.5.2 and 15.5.3.
15.5 Exception
This exception permits no more than 50 percent of elevated
miniature golf holes to be inaccessible. Since elevated holes are often
designed to provide more of a challenge, this provision is proposed to
ensure that a person with a disability has adequate opportunities to
play some of the more challenging holes. The golf subcommittee
recommended that all holes be made accessible. Operators and miniature
golf trade groups felt that a requirement for every hole to be
accessible would result in flat courses, taking some of the fun and
challenge from the game. Commenters to the ANPRM also expressed concern
that the golf subcommittee recommendations would have a negative impact
on business or eliminate smaller courses by requiring accessible routes
to all portions of a course. This proposed exception provides a
compromise between the golf subcommittee's recommendation and the
concerns of the industry and operators.
Question 12: Miniature golf course operators have claimed that
additional costs may be associated with providing an accessible route
to all elevated holes of a miniature golf course. These additional
costs, however, have not been associated with courses that are
considered level. The Board is seeking specific guidance on how to
differentiate between level and elevated holes.
15.5.1 Accessible Route
This section requires that at least one accessible route connect
start of play areas on each accessible hole. The accessible route
connecting each start of play area required to be accessible may be
located on the hole or adjacent to the hole. The accessible route must
comply with ADAAG 4.3 and 4.8, where the slope of the route exceeds
1:20.
15.5.1 Exception 1
This exception permits readily removable curbs where the accessible
route intersects the playing surface of a hole. The golf subcommittee
recommended that the entry and exit points of a miniature golf hole be
free of railings, obstacles, and elevation changes. During the comment
period for the ANPRM, miniature golf course operators and the industry
expressed concerns that this recommendation would significantly alter
the play of the game. It was noted that curbs surround the majority of
holes on a miniature golf course to prevent a ball from exiting a hole.
This proposed exception balances the need for a person with a
disability to access the hole and the concern to keep the ball on the
hole.
To maximize the benefit of this feature, it will be important for
players using the miniature golf course to know the location of the
readily removable curbs. Several options are recommended for operators
and designers including signage placed directly on the curb to show
that it is removable or including information about the location of
these curbs on the scorecard provided for players at the start of the
game.
15.5.1 Exception 2
This exception permits a maximum slope of 1:4 for a maximum rise of
4 inches where the accessible route is located on the playing surface
of a hole. This exception is only applicable where the accessible route
connecting start of play areas is located on the hole. Permitting a
greater slope for a limited distance will allow more flexibility in the
design of the hole, while still providing access on the hole for the
play of the game.
15.5.1 Exception 3
This exception eliminates the requirement for handrails on a ramp
located on a miniature golf hole. Handrails are a potential hazard on a
hole, because of the danger of golf balls ricochetting off the rails.
15.5.2 Start of Play Areas
This section requires a start of play area to be a 60 inch minimum
by 60 inch minimum level area. This level start of play area is
necessary so that a person using a wheelchair or other mobility device
has sufficient space to maneuver into position to play the game.
15.5.3 Golf Club Reach Range
This section requires that all level areas within an accessible
hole be located within 27 inches maximum of an accessible route with a
slope not to exceed 1:20. This will allow space for wheelchair users to
hit the ball from on the hole or from an accessible route adjacent to
the hole. The space requirements incorporate the reach of a golf club.
This provision allows persons with disabilities to be within the reach
of their ball at all times, while not increasing the size of individual
holes.
Play Areas
15.6 Play Areas [Reserved]
This Board issued proposed accessibility guidelines for play areas
in April 1998. This section is reserved for the final guidelines for
play areas,
[[Page 37336]]
which will be incorporated into this section in the future. Figures 64
to 74 are reserved for the play areas guidelines.
Sport Facilities
The sports subcommittee provided the Board with recommended
accessibility guidelines for sports facilities. The sports subcommittee
addressed a variety of sports facilities such as fitness centers,
aerobic and martial arts studios, roller and ice skating rinks, leisure
pools, lap pools and other swimming pools, bowling centers, horse
racing facilities, and facilities for court sports (e.g., handball,
basketball, tennis, racquetball, volleyball), field sports (e.g.,
baseball, lacrosse, soccer, track, softball, football, rugby) and
gymnastics. This proposed rule is based on the sports subcommittee's
recommendations and the comments received to the ANPRM.
3.5 Definitions
This section defines terms used in the proposed rule.
The term ``area of sport activity'' distinguishes that portion of a
room or space where the play or practice of a sport occurs from
adjacent areas. Examples of areas of sport activity include basketball
courts, baseball fields, running tracks, bowling lanes, and the area
surrounding a piece of fixed gymnastic equipment. While the size of an
area of sport activity may vary from sport to sport, each includes only
the space needed to play. The following examples are provided for
additional clarification.
Example 1. Boundary lines define the field where a football game is
played. A safety border is also provided around the field. The game may
temporarily be played in the space between the boundary lines and the
safety border when players are pushed out of bounds or momentum carries
them forward while receiving a pass. Because the game of football
anticipates that the space between the boundary line and the safety
border is used to play the game, this space and the football field are
included in the area of sport activity.
Example 2. Uneven bars and other pieces of gymnastic equipment
generally include space around the equipment for gymnasts to safely use
the apparatus, including mounting and dismounting. In this example, the
area of sport activity includes the space within which the apparatus is
located.
The sports subcommittee recommended the term ``field of play'' as a
definition for the area where a sport is practiced or played. This term
is not used in this guideline. However, the intent of the ``field of
play'' concept is preserved. The term ``area of sport activity'' is
used to indicate that the area required to be accessible is broader
than a field of play and encompasses activities other than field
sports.
4.1.1(5)(b)(iv)
This section provides a new general exception for access to raised
structures used solely for refereeing a sport. This provision exempts
raised structures such as elevated judging stations for horse racing
facilities and refereeing stands used for volleyball games and tennis
matches. These raised structures are similar to those currently
exempted under ADAAG 4.1.1(5)(b), such as observation galleries, prison
guard towers, fire towers, and fixed lifeguard stands. This exception
should not be construed to obviate the obligations of State and local
government entities to provide program access under title II of the ADA
or for employers to provide reasonable accommodation under title I of
the ADA.
4.1.2(2)(a)
This section requires that an accessible route complying with ADAAG
4.3 must connect both player ends of a court. Where there are multiple
courts, such as in tennis complexes, net posts for adjacent courts may
be too close to provide the minimum width required for an accessible
route. This provision, however, requires only one accessible route
between player ends of a court. Therefore, not every opening between
adjacent net posts must comply with ADAAG 4.3. One opening could serve
two adjacent courts. If a route is not accessible, it will restrict the
movement of persons with disabilities between player ends of a court.
Movement between ends is necessary for switching sides during the play
of a game. To reduce redundancy, similar changes to ADAAG 4.1.3
(Accessible Buildings: New Construction) have not been included in this
proposed rule.
4.1.2(2)(a) Exception
This exception provides that vertical access to raised boxing rings
is not required. ADAAG 4.3 requires at least one accessible route to
connect accessible buildings, facilities, elements, and spaces that are
on the same site. Rope barriers surrounding the raised area are an
integral part of boxing rings. The ropes prevent the installation of an
accessible route without compromising the integrity of the barrier.
Modifications to this design feature would fundamentally change the
nature of the sport. Therefore, the Board is proposing an exception for
vertical access for these unique spaces. To reduce redundancy, similar
changes to ADAAG 4.1.3 (Accessible Buildings: New Construction) have
not been included in this proposed rule.
4.1.2(3)
This exception provides that ADAAG 4.4, which sets requirements for
protruding objects, does not apply to areas of sport activity. The
sports subcommittee recommended that only exercise machines and
gymnastic equipment be exempt from the requirements of ADAAG 4.4.
However, in addition to exercise machines and gymnastic equipment, many
other sports are played or practiced in facilities that contain
protruding objects which are necessary for the play or practice of a
sport. Examples include protrusions on obstacle courses and climbing
walls. The exception for protruding objects is proposed because
requiring most areas of sport activity to comply with ADAAG 4.4 would
change the sport itself. To reduce redundancy, similar changes to ADAAG
4.1.3 (Accessible Buildings: New Construction) have not been included
in this proposed rule.
4.1.2(4) Exception 1
Exception 1 provides that areas of sport activity are not required
to comply with ADAAG 4.5, which sets requirements for accessible ground
and floor surfaces. In proposing this exception, the Board has
attempted to address accessibility to sports by balancing the
conditions desired for sports facilities with the needs of persons with
disabilities. Rules that govern a sport, or even common practices,
often dictate the surface conditions of an area of sport activity. In
examining the application of ADAAG to areas of sport activity, the
sports subcommittee noted that ADAAG 4.1.2(4) and 4.1.3(3) require the
entire surface of an accessible room or space to conform to ADAAG 4.5.
Based on this, most sporting areas would be required to provide
surfaces that are stable, firm, and slip-resistant and, where changes
in level occur, ramps or other accessible means of vertical access. For
example, beach volleyball, played on sand, and hockey, played on ice,
would require stable, firm and slip-resistant surfaces. Requiring these
surfaces to be accessible would fundamentally change these sports.
Additionally, obstacle courses that have tires, beams, logs and other
raised features would require accessible changes in level. The changes
in level
[[Page 37337]]
are integral to the desired experience on an obstacle course.
Under the proposed guidelines, areas of sport activity are
considered an accessible space and are required to be connected by an
accessible route to other accessible spaces and elements on a site.
While the Board considers it necessary to permit exceptions for
accessible surfaces, including level changes, in areas of sport
activity, the accessible route connecting these spaces is critical and
is not exempted. The required accessible route can be located where it
does not enter an area of sport activity. To reduce redundancy, similar
changes to ADAAG 4.1.3 (Accessible Buildings: New Construction) have
not been included in this proposed rule.
4.1.2(4) Exception 2
Exception 2 provides that in hoofed animal containment areas, the
requirements of ADAAG 4.5 for stable, firm, and slip resistant surfaces
do not apply. The provision is an exception to the surface requirement
for accessible routes. In some facilities, including permanent
fairgrounds, animal containment areas are open to the public for animal
viewing, petting, and display. Absorbent material such as wood
shavings, sawdust, and straw is provided for sanitary reasons. In most
applications, a surface composed of such materials would not comply
with the surface requirements of ADAAG 4.5
Additionally, surfaces that are not firm or stable are sometimes
necessary to ensure the safety and health of the animals. A hard
pavement, for example, can damage the tissue of a hoof. This exception
is consistent with the sports subcommittee's recommendations that
included input from designers and operators responsible for hoofed
animal containment areas.
While the sports subcommittee recommended additional exceptions for
the requirements for accessible routes and protruding objects in hoofed
animal containment areas, the Board does not consider these necessary.
Exception 2 only addresses those issues that conflict with sanitation
and animal welfare. Since accessible routes can be located to avoid
other features in livestock facilities where conflicts with the
accessible route provisions may exist, the Board has not proposed any
other exemptions. To reduce redundancy, similar changes to ADAAG 4.1.3
(Accessible Buildings: New Construction) have not been included in this
proposed rule.
4.1.3(12)(c)
This section requires that 5 percent, but not less than one, of
each type of locker be accessible. Lockers are required to comply with
the requirements for storage in ADAAG. The sports subcommittee
recommended that 5 percent of lockers in a locker room be accessible.
The Board supports this recommendation and has also included a specific
provision that one of each type of locker be accessible. Different
types of lockers may include full-size and half-size lockers, as well
as those specifically designed for temporary storage of various sports
equipment.
4.1.3(13) Exception
This provision exempts exercise machines from the requirements of
ADAAG 4.27 that controls and operating mechanisms must have clear floor
space, be located within accessible reach ranges, and be operable with
one hand and not require tight grasping, pinching, or twisting of the
wrist. Where applicable, ADAAG 4.27 also requires that the force
required to activate controls be no greater than 5 lbf.
Many of the requirements of ADAAG 4.27, as outlined above, may
conflict with the operating characteristics of some exercise machines
and equipment. Requiring compliance would significantly alter their
design and function. While this section proposes an exception to the
requirements of ADAAG 4.27, a new section 15.7.1 is proposed which
includes a requirement for clear floor space for accessible exercise
machines and equipment.
4.1.3(19)(c)
This section requires that wheelchair spaces be provided in team or
player seating areas serving accessible areas of sport activity. ADAAG
4.1.3(19)(a) requires wheelchair spaces to be provided in spectator
areas with fixed seating. This section requires wheelchair spaces to be
provided in team or player seating areas in addition to the wheelchair
spaces required for spectators. Where fixed seating is provided in team
or player seating areas, no more than one to two wheelchair spaces are
required based on the total number of seats provided.
Wheelchair spaces in the team seating area must be connected by an
accessible route and be provided with companion seating. The
requirement to provide an accessible route to the team seating area
does not necessarily require the accessible route to be located on the
area of sport activity. The requirement for companion seating in this
application is intended to include other team members and personnel.
The section does not propose changes to the technical requirements for
accessible seating in ADAAG 4.33.2, 4.33.3, 4.33.4, and 4.33.5.
Professional and college baseball facilities often have recessed
team seating areas, usually referred to as dugouts. A dugout has a rear
wall, side walls and a roof. This configuration provides secure team
seating, visibility for managers and a protected vomitory for players
to safely enter and exit the area of sport activity. The recessed
seating also allows for unobstructed spectator viewing over the team
seating area.
The sports subcommittee recommended that the use of platform lifts
be permitted in new construction to provide access from a recessed
dugout to the playing field. The sports subcommittee cited the
exception under ADAAG 4.1.3 (5) Exception 4(a) which permits the use of
platform lifts when providing access to a ``performing area.'' The
sports subcommittee was concerned that if spectator seating is raised,
lines of sight could be adversely affected. For this reason, the sports
subcommittee recommended that such sight line constraints may justify
the use of a platform lift.
The proposed rule requires an accessible route to the team and
player seating areas and to the area of sport activity. In a baseball
facility, for example, an accessible route is required to connect a
recessed dugout with the playing field. The Board does not agree with
the sports subcommittee's recommendation that platform lifts be allowed
to provide access to areas of sport activities and has not proposed an
exception for a platform lift in new construction from a dugout.
Providing ramp access facilitates more independent access for coaching
and other management staff and others using playing fields for special
events. Since it is technically feasible in new construction to design
for ramp access, the Board does not believe that there is sufficient
rationale for persons with disabilities to rely on a platform lift to
gain access to a field.
Question 13: Several new minor league baseball stadiums have
provided ramp access from the dugout to the field by extending the ramp
parallel to the fence line along the spectator seats. The Board is
interested in receiving information about this and other designs for
providing ramp access from the dugout to the field. The Board also is
interested in knowing whether these ramp designs have presented any
safety concerns for players or have interfered with the play of the
sport (e.g., catching foul balls).
[[Page 37338]]
4.1.3(21)
This section amends ADAAG 4.1.3(21) by requiring that where a
public or common use dressing, fitting, or locker room is provided, the
room must comply with ADAAG 4.35. An exception is included permitting
five percent of dressing, fitting, or locker rooms to be accessible
when they are provided in a cluster. Additionally, at least one of each
type of room in each cluster is required to be accessible.
This section clarifies that locker rooms are required to be
accessible, regardless of whether they contain dressing rooms.
Additionally, dressing rooms not located within larger rooms or
clusters are required to be accessible. A reference to locker rooms has
been added and scoping included for non-cluster situations. For
consistency with other ADAAG scoping sections, the Board has also
changed the reference from rooms used ``by general public, patients,
customers, or employees'' to ``public or common use'' rooms.
4.1.3(22)(a)
This section requires that where saunas or steam rooms are
provided, each room must comply with ADAAG 4.36, which provides new
technical provisions for accessible saunas and steam rooms.
4.1.3(22)(a) Exception
This section provides an exception where saunas or steam rooms are
provided in a cluster. Five percent, but not less than one, of sauna
and steam rooms for each type of use in each cluster of rooms must
comply with ADAAG 4.36.
The sports subcommittee recommended that each sauna and steam room
be accessible in new construction. However, the Board is aware that
some facilities have clusters of small sauna rooms which are designed
for one or two persons. Compliance with the proposed technical
requirements in 4.36 without an exception could have the effect of
eliminating such smaller units. Since saunas are similar in size to
dressing rooms, the Board has proposed to address clustered sauna and
steam rooms in the same manner as clustered dressing rooms in ADAAG
4.1.3(21).
4.35 Dressing, Fitting, and Locker Rooms
4.35.1 General
This section requires that locker rooms comply with ADAAG 4.35.
4.35.4 Bench
This section requires that accessible dressing rooms, fitting
rooms, and locker rooms have a bench complying with ADAAG 4.37, which
provides new technical provisions for accessible benches.
4.36 Saunas and Steam Rooms
4.36.1 General
This section requires that saunas and steam rooms required to be
accessible comply with the technical provisions of ADAAG 4.36.
4.36.2 Turning Space
This section requires turning space complying with ADAAG 4.2.3 to
be provided within a sauna or steam room. Turning space is required
within a sauna or steam room so that the door to the room can be opened
independently by all users. The sports subcommittee did not recommend
that a turning space be required within a sauna or steam room. In part,
the sports subcommittee's rationale was based on an additional
recommendation for a signaling device that would permit individuals to
indicate a need to exit the room. Many commenters to the ANPRM did not
support the recommendation for a signaling device citing safety
concerns when individuals may be trapped in a sauna or steam room.
Commenters also indicated that the requirement for a signaling device
may be too onerous for operators. The Board agrees and has not proposed
a requirement for a signaling device. To be effective, such a device
would require monitoring and a method for assuring it is functional at
all times.
4.36.2 Exception
This exception allows the turning space in saunas or steam rooms to
be temporarily obstructed by readily removable seats. This allows
operators an option for smaller units designed for one or two persons.
Knowing the location of the readily removable seats will be
important for both operators and users of the saunas and steam rooms.
Several options are recommended for operators and designers including
signage indicating the location of the removable seat or by
incorporating information about the location of the seat into other
general user information.
Question 14: The proposed accessibility guidelines for saunas do
not require grab bars or other types of handholds. The Board is
interested in whether some type of grab bar or handhold should be
required to assist users when transferring from a wheelchair onto a
bench in a sauna or steam room. Specific information on the location
and types of handholds and grab bars recommended for this use is also
requested.
4.36.3 Bench
This section requires that, where provided, benches in saunas and
steam rooms must comply with ADAAG 4.37, which provides new technical
provisions for accessible benches.
4.36.3 Exception
This exception allows the clear floor space required by ADAAG
4.37.1 at an accessible bench in saunas or steam rooms to be
temporarily obstructed by readily removable seats. As previously
discussed, being aware of the location of the removable seat either by
signage or other user information is important for both operators and
users.
4.36.4 Door Swing
This section provides that doors must not swing into the required
clear floor space at an accessible bench in a sauna or steam room.
4.37 Benches
4.37.1 Clear Floor or Ground Space
This section requires that clear floor or ground space be provided
and be positioned for a parallel approach to an end of the bench seat.
4.37.2 Size
This section provides technical criteria for accessible benches,
including seat dimensions and back support. The seat on an accessible
bench is required to be 20 to 24 inches deep and 42 inches long
minimum. The bench is required to be fixed and provide back support
which is 42 inches minimum in length and extend from a point two inches
maximum above the bench to a point 18 inches minimum above the bench.
These dimensions provide back support to approximately chest level on
most adults. Back support may be achieved through locating benches
adjacent to walls or by other designs that will meet the minimum
dimensions specified.
4.37.3 Height
This section requires a bench seat to be 17 inches minimum to 19
inches maximum above the floor or ground. This height requirement is
consistent with the bench height established in ADAAG 4.35.4 for
benches located in dressing and fitting rooms.
4.37.4 Structural Strength
This section requires that allowable stresses not be exceeded for
materials used when a vertical or horizontal force
[[Page 37339]]
of 250 lbs. is applied at any point on the seat, fastener, mounting
device, or supporting structure.
4.37.5 Wet Locations
This section requires accessible benches, when installed in wet
locations, to be slip-resistant and not accumulate water. This section
is consistent with the requirements in ADAAG 4.35.4 for benches
installed in conjunction with showers, swimming pools, and other wet
locations.
15.7 Sports Facilities
15.7.1 Exercise Equipment and Machines
This section requires that at least one of each type of exercise
equipment and machine be provided with clear floor space complying with
ADAAG 4.2.4 and be served by an accessible route. The required clear
floor space must be positioned for transfer or positioned so that the
equipment can be operated by an individual seated in a wheelchair. The
position of the clear floor space may vary greatly depending on the use
of the equipment or machine. For example, to make a stationary bicycle
accessible, clear floor space adjacent to the seat would be appropriate
to allow for transfer. Clear floor space for a bench press machine
designed for use by an individual seated in a wheelchair, however, will
most likely be centered on the operating mechanisms.
Fitness facilities often provide a range of choices of equipment.
For example, there are many different types of strength training
machines and equipment. Each is designed to address a particular muscle
group such as quadriceps, biceps, and abdominal muscles. Similarly,
there are many types of cardiovascular exercise machines, such as
stationary bicycles, rowing machines, stair climbers, and treadmills.
At least one of each type of exercise equipment and machines must be
served by an accessible route
This proposal is consistent with the recommendation of the sports
subcommittee. The sports subcommittee recommended that accessible
routes be provided to and around exercise equipment and machines. The
sports subcommittee also noted that many pieces of exercise equipment
and machines are not fixed, and therefore, are not within the scope of
ADAAG. ADAAG applies to fixed equipment. Access to non-fixed equipment,
however, is covered by the ADA when provided by a public entity or a
public accommodation. The obligations of covered entities providing
this equipment are established by the Department of Justice ADA
regulations.
15.7.2 Bowling Lanes
This section requires at least five percent, but not less than one,
of each type of bowling lane provided to be accessible. This
requirement is consistent with other ADAAG provisions where multiple
features are provided for the same use. Ten pin and duckpin bowling are
among the different types of bowling lanes that may be provided in a
bowling facility. Where team and player areas are provided in
conjunction with accessible bowling lanes, ADAAG 4.1.3(19)(c) would
apply and require accessible wheelchair spaces. Designers and operators
have flexibility in the location of the required accessible lanes and
seating areas. If fixed spectator seating is provided, ADAAG
4.1.3(19)(a) specifies the number of wheelchair spaces that must be
provided as a part of a bowling facility spectator area.
15.7.3 Shooting Facilities
This section requires at least at least five percent of the total,
but not less than one, of each type of fixed firing position provided
to be accessible. Examples of different types of firing positions
include, but are not limited to, positions having different admission
prices, positions with or without weather covering or lighting, and
different shooting events the fixed firing position is intended to
support. Events include argon, muzzle loading rifle, small bore rifle,
high power rifle, bulls eye pistol, action pistol, silhouette, trap,
skeet, and archery (bow and crossbow).
15.7.3.1 Fixed Firing Position
This section requires that an accessible fixed firing position
contain a turning circle at least 60 inches in diameter that has a
slope not steeper than 1:48 in all directions. A turning circle is
needed at accessible firing positions to ensure sufficient maneuvering
space for aiming.
Swimming Pools, Wading Pools, and Spas
The sports, places of amusement, and outdoor developed areas
subcommittees each provided recommendations in this area. The
recommendations from these subcommittees were fairly consistent;
however, there were some differences. For example, the sports
subcommittee recommended that the methods of providing access into the
water be limited to ramps, lifts, or combination stairs-transfer tiers.
The places of amusement subcommittee provided the identified methods as
examples, but did not limit accessible alternatives to those
identified. The places of amusement subcommittee recommended that
handrails be required on only one side of ramps, while the sports
subcommittee recommended 22 inches clearance between handrails. The
outdoor developed areas subcommittee recommended that the need for
handrails at ramps, for example, be determined by the facility
designer.
Comments to the ANPRM generally agreed with the recommendations of
the three subcommittees in terms of requiring one means of access into
the water. Many commenters recommended that more specific technical
specifications would be necessary to ensure compliance and reduce
confusion.
In October 1995, the Board sponsored a research project on swimming
pool access. The project was conducted by the National Center on
Accessibility at Indiana University. The project included an extensive
literature review, telephone surveys of persons with disabilities,
telephone surveys of pool operators and on-site testing of various
means of accessing the water. Based on this research, the Board
received additional information on the specific designs and
requirements for providing safe and independent access into the water.
The results of the project also supported many of the initial
recommendations of the subcommittees. Based on this research and the
information provided by the subcommittees, the Board is proposing
accessibility guidelines for accessible entry and exit to and from the
water.
In addition to the input received from the Board sponsored research
project, significant input has also been provided by the ANSI/NSPI-1
Public Pool Standard Committee. This standard is currently under
revision. With a parallel development process occurring for these
standards, diverse input was received from pool designers and operators
on accessibility guidelines for people with disabilities. The Board has
made extensive efforts to maintain consistency between the ANSI/NSPI-1
standard and ADAAG. The Board will continue its efforts to seek input
and achieve harmonization with the ANSI/NSPI-1 standard.
15.8.1 Swimming Pools
This section requires that at least two means of entry and exit be
provided for each public and common use swimming pool. A sloped entry
or lift must be the primary means of access. The secondary means of
access is not permitted to duplicate the primary means and also allows
transfer walls, transfer systems,
[[Page 37340]]
stairs, or moveable floors as a means of access. An exception permits
swimming pools with less than 300 linear feet of swimming pool wall to
have only one means of access, but that means of access must be either
a lift or sloped entry.
This section is generally consistent with the recommendations of
the subcommittees and is supported by the Board sponsored research
project. Sixty percent of the people with disabilities interviewed
during the research project had used a pool during the previous year,
and most, once a month. Of those individuals, 99 percent indicated that
one or more means of access should be required at each pool. The need
for more than one means of pool access was also supported by pool
operators who participated in the study. At least one means of access
was already being provided at 73 percent of the pools surveyed.
No one means of access will fully meet the needs of all persons
with disabilities. However, certain means of pool access provide
independent operation to a broader range of people. These means include
swimming pool lifts and sloped entries. Other means of access such as a
transfer wall, transfer system, stairs, and moveable floors provide
access for some people with disabilities. For example, stairs with
handrails provide support for individuals who walk short distances and
transfer systems serve individuals who prefer to transfer into the
water without the use of a mechanical lift. When these means are
combined with a pool lift or sloped entry, they serve a larger segment
of the population of individuals with disabilities. For these reasons,
larger pools, those with more than 300 linear feet of pool wall, are
required to have at least two means of entry and exit to a pool. In
larger swimming pools, multiple access points provide for greater
safety and convenience to users, allowing some choice in methods of
entering or exiting the pool.
15.8.2 Wading Pools
This section requires at least one accessible means of entry to be
provided in wading pools. Acceptable means of entry are sloped entry,
transfer wall, or transfer system. Unlike swimming pools, the size and
depth of wading pools limits the options for access into the water. For
example, the ANSI/NSPI-1 Committee is expected to require wading pool
depths to be limited to 18 inches maximum. Where wading pools are less
than 18 inches deep, a pool lift cannot be used.
Question 15: It has been suggested to the Board that it is
inappropriate to require a means of access into a wading pool because
the height of transfer walls and other transfer systems are considered
to be hazardous to children. Based on these concerns, should the Board
consider exempting these areas?
15.8.3 Spas
This section requires at least one accessible means of entry into
spas. The means of entry must be a lift, transfer wall, or transfer
system. Like a wading pool, size and depth limitations prohibit the use
of certain means of entry into a spa. While a swimming pool lift is an
option for a spa, a sloped entry may significantly impact size and
designs for water containment.
An exception has also been added to address facilities where spas
are provided in a cluster. The exception allows for five percent, but
not less than one, in each cluster to be accessible. This application
is consistent with the other requirements in ADAAG where multiple
elements of the same type are clustered.
15.8.4 Swimming Pool Lifts
This section provides technical provisions for swimming pool lifts.
The provisions provide specifications for the necessary clear deck
space and seat orientation to ensure usability for persons with
disabilities.
15.8.4.1 Seat Location
This section requires the centerline of the seat, when in the
raised position, to be located over the deck and 20 inches minimum from
the edge of the pool. The position of the lift seat is important for
ease of operation and for safety. The location in relationship to the
edge of the pool is especially important to facilitate safe transfers.
The 20 inch minimum distance from the edge of the pool, allows space to
transfer over the deck. Unsafe conditions created by locating the seat
either over the water or too close to the deck edge were observed
during the Board sponsored research project and were identified by
research subjects as problems affecting access.
15.8.4.2 Clear Deck Space
This section requires a clear deck space on the side of the seat
opposite the water. The space is measured from the seat. Clear space is
required to be 30 inches wide minimum and 48 inches long minimum from a
line located 12 inches behind the intersection of the seat and its
back. The clear space is specified in relationship to the seat to allow
unobstructed space for either side or diagonal transfer. The space must
be clear and free of deck braces that can interfere with transfer.
Figure 71 shows the clear floor space, its position, and dimensions.
15.8.4.3 Seat Height
This section requires the height of a lift seat to be 16 inches
minimum to 18 inches maximum above the deck floor. This height is to be
measured from the deck to the top of the seat surface when the seat is
in the raised (load) position. In addition to the clear deck space,
lift seat height is also critical for transfer from a wheelchair or
other mobility device. Several ADAAG provisions such as water closet
seat height and bench height establish a transfer height of 17 to 19
inches for adults. Information obtained from the Board sponsored
research project supported the heights established for other elements
designed for transfer. A slight departure from this provision has been
proposed to address the needs of children transferring to a lift seat.
ADAAG 4.16.7 (Water Closets for Children) permits 11 inches minimum to
17 inches maximum to the top of a toilet seat height. An adjustable
seat may accommodate the need for varying transfer heights for users of
all ages.
15.8.4.4 Seat Width
This section requires a lift seat to be 16 inches wide minimum.
This dimension is consistent with seat widths established for other
seating elements and will accommodate a range of users. Each of the
seats tested during the Board sponsored research project either met or
exceeded this minimum requirement.
Question 16: Different types of seats are available on swimming
pool lifts. The types include flexible sling seats, plastic or
fiberglass seats, and larger stretcher designs that accommodate the
entire body. Persons with disabilities involved in the Board sponsored
research project expressed interest in all types of seats. The Board
has not proposed any special technical provisions for the material of
the seat. Should a certain type of seat be required on swimming pool
lifts?
15.8.4.5 Footrests and Armrests
This section requires footrests to be provided and to move in
conjunction with the seat. Many adult legs will extend beyond 16 to 18
inches below the lift seat. Without a footrest, users' feet will drag
across the deck, potentially causing injury.
This section also requires that, if provided, the armrest opposite
the water be removable or fold clear of the seat when the seat is in
the raised (load)
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position. This clearance is necessary to allow for transfer from a
wheelchair or other mobility device. Armrests are not required on the
lift seats because there is insufficient information to determine their
usefulness and optimal design criteria. However, when provided,
armrests may not obstruct transfer.
Question 17: Should armrests be required on swimming pool lifts? If
so, please provide specific information regarding the appropriate size
and location.
15.8.4.6 Operation
This section requires that a pool lift be capable of unassisted
operation from both the deck and water levels. ADAAG requires that
platform lifts provide unassisted operation. The need for independence
is not diminished by the fact that the user operates a swimming pool
lift. A large percentage of the respondents in the Board sponsored
research project noted the importance of using a lift without
assistance. Pool facility staff also indicated the importance of a
device or design that could be used without pool staff assistance.
Lifts that are operated manually do not offer independent use because
they require an attendant to operate a crank which is unreachable by
the lift user. In most cases, power-operated lifts can offer
independent use.
This section also requires that controls and operating mechanisms
be unobstructed when a lift is in use. This is also important for
independent operation. Controls and operating mechanisms may not
require continuous manual pressure for operation and must comply with
ADAAG 4.27.4 which requires that operating controls not require tight
grasping, pinching, or twisting of the wrist. Additionally, the
controls may not require more than 5 lbf to operate. This is consistent
with requirements for other accessible elements with operating
mechanisms.
15.8.4.7 Submerged Depth
This section requires that a pool lift be designed so that the seat
will submerge to a water depth of 18 inches minimum. This depth is
necessary to ensure buoyancy for the person on the lift seat once in
the water. Data relating to buoyancy levels was provided through the
Board sponsored research project. A diverse group of persons with
disabilities were tested to establish minimum levels of buoyancy with a
sloped entry and a lift.
15.8.4.8 Lifting Capacity
This section requires that single person pool lifts provide a
minimum weight capacity of 300 lbs. Lifts also must be capable of
sustaining a static load of at least three times the rated load. ANSI
A17.1 for platform lifts (Rule Number 2002.7A) requires a minimum
weight capacity of 250 lbs. for single seat lifts. Data from the Board
sponsored research project indicated that the 250 lbs. may be
insufficient. Swimming pool lifts used at two of the facilities for on-
site testing were replaced because of weight damage. Breakdowns and
injuries due to insufficient weight capacity of pool lifts were cited
in the telephone interviews of pool facility staff and people with
disabilities. Based on this information, the weight capacity is
proposed at 300 lbs. for single person lifts, with the capability of
sustaining a static load of at least three times the rated load. This
requirement was also supported by several pool lift manufacturers who
provided advice during the Board sponsored research project.
15.8.5 Sloped Entries
This section provides technical provisions for sloped entries.
These proposed technical provisions provide requirements for more
gradual sloped entries, commonly referred to as beach entry, zero grade
entry, or in-the-water ramps. Due to the similarities of this type of
entry with ramps used in other buildings and facilities, provisions in
ADAAG have been referenced accordingly.
The use of an aquatic chair or other type of water resistant chair
is important for use of a pool ramp and other sloped entries to gain
access into the water. Use of personal wheelchairs or power chairs in
the water can create safety and health hazards. Provisions regarding
aquatic chairs cannot be included in ADAAG. The provision of such
chairs, however, may be subject to the Department of Justice ADA
regulations.
15.8.5.1 Sloped Entries
This section requires sloped entries designed to provide access
into the water to comply with most of the provisions of ADAAG 4.3
(Accessible Route). Where a sloped entry has been designed to provide
access into the water, it must provide an accessible route. This
requires that when the slope of the entry exceeds 1:20, the provisions
of ADAAG 4.8 (Ramps) are applied.
15.8.5.2 Submerged Depth
This section modifies the requirements of ADAAG 4.3 and requires
sloped entries designed to provide access into the water to extend to a
depth of 24 inches minimum to 30 inches maximum below the stationary
water level. This requirement is consistent with the submerged depth
requirement for swimming pool lift seats in the water. As indicated in
15.8.4.7, the Board sponsored research project provided data related to
buoyancy levels necessary for a variety of subjects with disabilities.
Mean buoyancy and mean seated height were calculated to determine the
buoyancy point and water depth at which subjects became buoyant or
floated off their wheelchairs. While there was limited testing with
children, anthropometric data indicated that a water depth exceeding 30
inches would be over the mouth and nose of an average 9 year old child.
This section also requires that at least one landing be located 24
inches minimum to 30 inches maximum below the stationary water level.
The requirement for landings applies to sloped entries when the slope
exceeds 1:20 and the entry must comply with the provisions for ramps.
Beach access or zero grade entries do not have slopes in excess of 1:20
and are not required to have landings. When beach access or zero grade
entry is provided, the entry must extend to a depth of 24 inches
minimum to 30 inches maximum below the stationary water level.
Since wading pools are less than 24 to 30 inches deep, an exception
provides that sloped entries are only required to extend to the deepest
part of the wading pool.
15.8.5.3 Handrails
This section requires handrails on all sloped entries. The clear
width between handrails must be between 33 inches minimum and 38 inches
maximum. Information from on-site testing and interviews in the Board
sponsored research project indicated a need for handrails on both sides
of a sloped entry, regardless of whether mobility aids were used. Pool
operators also indicated that two handrails were most often found on
pool ramps. Further, while a gradual sloped entry (beach or zero grade
entry) increased usability for many individuals, handrails were
especially important given the travel distance to sufficiently deep
water. Handrails on both sides of ramps are necessary for individuals
with limited use of one arm. In light of concerns regarding underwater
obstructions, an exception is provided for handrail extensions required
at the bottom landing of a pool ramp.
15.8.6 Transfer Walls
This section provides technical provisions for transfer walls.
Transfer walls provide a surface at the edge of a
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pool for transfer into the water. Transfer walls may be elevated walls
at the pool edge or lowered sections of the deck. A transfer wall is a
secondary means of access into the water and must be combined with a
lift or sloped entry. A transfer wall is proposed to be a secondary,
not a primary means of access, because this method of entry requires
significant upper body strength.
15.8.6.1 Clear Deck Space
This section requires clear deck space of 60 inches minimum by 60
inches minimum to be provided at the base of a transfer wall. Clear
space is needed to allow individuals to transfer and maneuver from
their wheelchair or mobility device. Where one grab bar is provided on
a transfer wall, the clear deck space must be centered on the grab bar.
This allows sufficient space for a transfer on either side of the grab
bar. Where two grab bars are provided, the clear deck space must be
centered on the clearance between the grab bars. This requirement
provides sufficient space between grab bars for transfer. Section
15.8.6.5 provides additional requirements for grab bars, including
spacing.
15.8.6.2 Height
This section requires the height of transfer walls to be 16 inches
minimum to 18 inches maximum measured from the deck below. The height
requirement is consistent with proposed requirements for pool lift seat
heights at 15.8.4.3 and similarly addresses the needs of some children.
15.8.6.3 Wall Depth
This section requires the depth of a transfer wall to be 12 inches
minimum to 16 inches maximum. As a minimum, the 12 inch depth of the
transfer wall provides adequate space for a person to comfortably sit
on the surface of the wall. The wall depth is limited to 16 inches
maximum so that users are not required to traverse the wall to transfer
to the water.
15.8.6.4 Surface
This section requires the surface of a transfer wall to be free of
sharp edges. This is necessary to reduce the potential for injury when
individuals move across the surface of the wall. Sharp edges may result
in abrasions and other injuries.
15.8.6.5 Grab Bars
This section requires at least one grab to be provided on a
transfer wall. Similar to other elements which require transfer, a grab
bar is necessary to assist users to transfer to and from the transfer
wall. Grab bars also facilitate transfer to and from the water. Grab
bars are required to be perpendicular to the pool wall and extend the
full depth of the wall. The top of the gripping surface must be 4
inches maximum above the wall. Where two grab bars are provided,
clearance between grab bars must be 22 inches minimum. Where one grab
bar is provided, clearance must be 22 inches minimum on both sides of
the grab bar. Grab bars must comply with ADAAG 4.26.
15.8.7 Transfer Systems
This section provides technical provisions for transfer systems
used as a means of access into the water. A transfer system consists of
a transfer surface, combined with a series of transfer steps that
descend into the water. Users must transfer from their wheelchair or
mobility device to a surface and continue transferring from step to
step.
Transfer systems have been used in play areas for the past several
years to provide access to elevated structures. While it has been an
important method for some children to gain access to an elevated play
structure, it is limited to use by persons who are able to transfer,
with or without assistance. Transfer systems are not considered a
primary means of access because they require sufficient upper body
strength to transfer independently, or assistance must be provided. A
transfer system may only be used as a secondary means of access in a
larger pool with 300 linear feet or more of pool wall and must be
combined with either a lift or a sloped entry.
15.8.7.1 Transfer Platform
This section requires a transfer platform to be 19 inches deep
minimum by 22 inches wide minimum. Transfer platforms must be provided
at the head of each transfer system. The transfer platform is the first
point of transfer from a wheelchair or mobility device before entering
the water. The minimum width and depth is necessary to comfortably sit
on the platform.
15.8.7.2 Clear Deck Space
This section requires a clear deck space of 60 inches wide minimum
by 60 inches long minimum with a slope not steeper than 1:48 at the
base of the transfer platform. A level unobstructed space at the base
of the transfer platform, centered along the 22 inch side, is necessary
to facilitate a transfer from a wheelchair or mobility device. The
clear space requirement is consistent with spaces also needed at the
base of a transfer wall.
15.8.7.3 Height
This section requires the height of transfer platforms to be 16
inches minimum to 18 inches maximum measured from the deck. This height
requirement is consistent with other elements used to provide access
into the water.
15.8.7.4 Transfer Step Risers
This section requires transfer step risers to be 7 inches maximum
in height. It also requires that transfer step risers extend to a water
depth of 18 inches minimum. Based on the Board sponsored research
project, a 7 inch maximum step riser was considered to be a comfortable
transfer height when moving from step to step. The 18 inch minimum
depth requirement is consistent with the buoyancy data obtained from
on-site testing completed during the Board sponsored research project.
15.8.7.5 Surface
This section requires the surface of a transfer system to be free
of sharp edges. Similar to other transfer surfaces, this is necessary
to reduce the potential for injury. Sharp edges may result in abrasions
and other injuries.
15.8.7.6 Size
This section requires each transfer step to have a tread depth of
12 inches minimum and 17 inches maximum. A 22 inch minimum tread width
is also required. A minimum tread depth and width is necessary to
ensure adequate space for movement on transfer steps.
15.8.7.7 Grab Bars
This section requires one grab bar on each step to be located so
that the grab bar does not obstruct transfer at either a transfer
platform or a transfer step. The top of the gripping surface must be 4
inches maximum above each step. Grab bars must comply with ADAAG 4.26.
15.8.8 Pool Stairs
This section provides technical provisions for pool stairs used as
a means of entry and exit to the water. Stairs may only be used as a
secondary means of access in a larger pool with 300 linear feet or more
of pool wall and must be combined with either a lift or a sloped entry.
15.8.8.1 Pool Stairs
This section requires pool stairs to comply with ADAAG 4.9
(Stairs), except as modified. ADAAG 4.9 has been referenced since
stairs in pools are used in a similar manner as stairs elsewhere.
Unlike transfer steps which are
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designed for individuals to use in a seated position, pool stairs are
used by individuals who walk.
15.8.8.2 Handrails
This section requires the width between handrails to be 20 inches
minimum to 22 inches maximum. To reduce the potential for underwater
protrusions, handrail extensions required by ADAAG 4.9.4 are not
required at the bottom landing serving a pool stair. The handrail width
provides users who are ambulatory the opportunity for support. During
the Board's work with the ANSI/NSPI-1 Public Pool Standard Committee,
pool designers supported this requirement based on their experience and
preferences from users. The width requirement is similar to the grab
bar configuration required in ADAAG Figure 30(b) (Alternate Stalls).
15.8.9 Moveable Floors
This section requires that the pool coping comply with ADAAG 4.5.2
where a moveable floor connects with a pool deck. Moveable floors in
pools are designed in several ways. In some cases, the entire pool
floor or only a section of the floor is raised or lowered to the
desired depth. Hydraulic pistons are used to slowly move the floor.
When the floor is raised to deck level, people can either walk or roll
their wheelchair or mobility device onto the pool floor and then be
lowered to the desired water depth.
The ANSI/NSPI/WWA-9 Committee is developing new standards for
public pools and water sources for aquatic recreation facilities. This
includes wave pools, activity pools, leisure rivers, and other
facilities often found in water parks. This standard will not address
conventional swimming pools, pools for competitive aquatic sports, and
wading pools which are covered by ANSI/NSPI-1. ADAAG will apply to all
swimming pools and aquatic recreation facilities. The proposed
guidelines provide designers with a choice of options of how to provide
access. For example, while moveable floors may not be appropriate for a
wave pool, sloped entries have been used as a means of access into
water. Designers and operators can select the means of access
appropriate to the design and function of the pool.
Question 18: Are there specific features within aquatic recreation
facilities where it is technically infeasible in new construction to
comply with the proposed requirements in 15.8? If so, the Board is
interested in specific examples of why this is not feasible, along with
alternatives to providing access for persons with disabilities.
Other Issues
The sports subcommittee recommended that separate accessible unisex
toilet and changing facilities be provided in sports facilities. This
was based on the concern that some individuals with disabilities use
the assistance of persons of the opposite sex and require a toilet or
bathing facility that accommodates both persons. The Board is aware of
this concern and has worked with model building code organizations to
develop scoping provisions for accessible unisex toilet facilities.
These provisions will likely be incorporated into State and local
building codes. It is anticipated that this would be required in
assembly and mercantile occupancies where an aggregate of six or more
fixtures (e.g., toilets for either men or women) are provided. Assembly
occupancies include, but are not limited to, theaters, museums,
nightclubs, stadiums, amusement parks, restaurants, health clubs, and
transportation facilities.
Question 19: Multi-head showers, often referred to as ``gang''
showers, can be designed to meet the requirements in ADAAG 4.21, which
requires grab bars on three sides. Is this location of the grab bars
useful in multi-head showers? If not, what design would be most useful?
Question 20: The Board has not proposed exceptions for existing
conditions where recreation facilities are altered. Some exceptions
will be necessary to address elements and features where unique
conditions prevent accessibility according to new construction
requirements. Commenters are encouraged to recommend exceptions where
necessary. Please provide an explanation of the problem and the
solution, including costs and benefits associated with recommended
exceptions.
Question 21: Some wheelchairs designed for wheelchair sports have a
longer or wider wheelbase than those designed for everyday use. The
Board is interested in obtaining more information about the dimensions
of sports wheelchairs and any issues related to their use in sports
facilities complying with ADAAG. Do existing ADAAG requirements for
door widths, maneuvering clearances, or clear floor space allow for use
of such wheelchairs? If not, please provide specific information
regarding problems experienced and how these problems have been
addressed.
Question 22: The Department of Justice's ADA regulations require
that public entities and places of public accommodation ensure
effective communications so that persons with visual and hearing
impairments can obtain information about programs, services,
activities, and facilities. The Board has examined sports facilities to
determine if ADAAG adequately addresses access to communications in
various types of sports facilities. There are areas in sports
facilities where information is communicated to players, coaches, and
spectators via fixed communications systems. Examples include screens
displaying scoring information and public address announcements. The
Board seeks further information on specific concerns not currently
addressed by ADAAG regarding communication accessibility in recreation
facilities. The Board wishes to explore accessible communication
technologies that are fixed building elements. Please also provide
information about accessibility issues related to fixed, inaccessible
communication systems.
Question 23: On April 30, 1998, the Access Board published proposed
accessibility guidelines for play areas (63 FR 24080). During the
comment period, several commenters requested clarification on the
application of the proposed accessibility guidelines to water play
components. Some play components have mechanisms that squirt water. In
some facilities, including neighborhood parks and other recreation
facilities, these water play components are not located in a swimming
or wading pool and, therefore, would be considered ground-level play
components. Sections 16.1.1(1) and 16.1.5 of the proposed accessibility
guidelines for play areas would require one of each type of ground-
level play component to be accessible and be connected by an accessible
route. In other facilities, water play components are located in
swimming and wading pools. For example, wading pools designed for small
children often include water play components. Section 15.8.1 of this
proposed rule would require an accessible means of entry into each
public use and common use swimming pool. Should the Board develop
additional provisions to more specifically address access to these
water play components? If so, please provide specific examples of the
type of guidance required.
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Regulatory Process Matters
Executive Order 12866: Regulatory Assessment
This proposed rule is a significant regulatory action under
Executive Order 12866 and has been reviewed by the Office of Management
and Budget. The Administrator of the Office of Information and
Regulatory Affairs of the Office of Management and Budget considers the
proposed rule to be a major rule under the Congressional Review Act (5
U.S.C. 801 et seq.). The Board has assessed the potential costs and
benefits of the rule. For each type of facility covered by the rule,
the Board has analyzed data on the number of existing facilities,
number of new facilities projected to be built each year, current
design and construction practices, construction costs, and any
additional costs expected to result from the rule. For some facility
types, sufficient data was not available to conduct a complete
analysis. The data is summarized below. The Board invites comment on
the data and seeks additional data as indicated below.
Amusement Rides
There are approximately 200 amusement and theme parks in the United
States. These facilities operate a variety of amusement rides, whose
costs typically range from $90,000 to $600,000. Theme park rides and
roller coasters are usually unique and cost millions of dollars. There
is limited data available on capital investment for new amusement
rides. In a trade association survey, 10 amusement facilities projected
capital investments totaling $267 million in 1997, and approximately
the same number of facilities projected $140 million in 1998. These
figures include the construction of concession stands and other
facilities, in addition to amusement rides. Based on this limited data
and assuming an average cost of $345,000 for an amusement ride, it is
estimated that there are 590 new rides annually. This represents 3 new
rides for existing amusement facilities each year.
The Board seeks additional data from owners and operators of
amusement rides on the number of new amusement and theme parks expected
to be constructed in the next five years, the number and types of rides
expected to be provided at these new facilities, the number and types
of rides expected to be added each year to existing facilities, and the
costs of the rides. The Board also seeks information on current design
and construction practices for providing access to new rides.
Industry sources estimate that the cost for providing a wheelchair
space on an amusement device ranges from $4,500 to $150,000 and the
cost for providing a transfer seat ranges from $15,000 to $100,000.
Industry sources further estimate that the cost for providing a
wheelchair storage space for each transfer seat ranges from $0 to
$5,000 for ground-level load and unload areas, and from $20,000 to
$60,000 for elevated load and unload areas. Some of these estimates
appear to be based on retrofitting existing rides to provide access.
Designing new rides to provide access from the conceptual phase onward
usually results in much less cost. For example, incorporating a 30 inch
by 48 inch minimum clear floor space for storing a wheelchair in the
design of an elevated load and unload area should cost a lot less than
$20,000 to $60,000. The Board seeks additional data on the costs for
providing wheelchair spaces and transfer seats on amusement devices
where these designs are incorporated in the conceptual phase of the
ride.
Boating Facilities, and Boat and Ferry Docks
There are approximately 10,375 marinas and 1.1 million boat slips
in the United States. New boating facilities incorporate wider piers
and pier clearances in their designs and the proposed provision for
accessible boat slips is not expected to result in any increase in
costs. The proposed provision for gangways connecting floating
platforms will have a cost impact. The cost will depend on the size of
the facility and water level change. Small facilities and facilities
with high water level changes are permitted to exceed a 1:12 maximum
slope under the conditions specified in Table 15.2.1. Cost estimates
were prepared by engineers for constructing gangways for various water
level changes with and without maintaining a 1:12 maximum slope to
determine the incremental costs resulting from the proposed rule.
Actual construction costs in a competitive bid environment may vary up
to 50 percent above or below these engineering estimates. Cost
estimates were prepared for four regions of the country and national
averages used. The incremental costs were compared to the total
construction costs for boating facilities, which are assumed to be $40
per square foot. Land acquisition is not included in the construction
costs.
For a boating facility with 10 slips and 2,450 square feet of fixed
and floating piers, the gangway would have to maintain a 1:12 maximum
slope for water level changes up to 2.5 feet. The total construction
cost for the facility is estimated at $99,600. The incremental cost for
maintaining a 1:12 maximum slope when the water level change is 2.5
feet is $1,825, or 1.8 percent of the total construction costs.
For a boating facility with 100 slips and 20,550 square feet of
fixed and floating piers, the gangway would have to maintain a 1:12
maximum slope for water level changes up to 12.5 feet. The total
construction cost for the facility is estimated at $822,000. The
incremental cost for maintaining a 1:12 maximum slope varies directly
with the water level change. For a 2.5 feet water level change, the
incremental cost is $1,825 or 0.2 percent of the total construction
cost; for a 5 feet water level change, the incremental cost is $12,769
or 1.5 percent of the total construction cost; for a 7.5 feet water
level change, the incremental cost is $42,881 or 5.2 percent of the
total construction cost; for a 10 feet water level, the incremental
cost is $62,956 or 7.6 percent of the total construction cost; and for
a 12.5 feet water level change, the incremental cost is $110,406 or
13.4 percent of the total construction cost.
The Board seeks data from owners and operators of boating
facilities on the number of new boating facilities with floating
platforms expected to be constructed in the next five years, the size
of the facilities (total square feet of fixed and floating piers),
water level changes at the facilities, and costs of the facilities.
Boat and ferry docks that consist of floating platforms also would
have to comply with the gangway provision. The Board seeks the same
data for boat and ferry docks as requested above for boating
facilities.
Fishing Piers and Platforms
There is limited data available on the number of fishing piers and
platforms in the United States. The National Marine Fisheries Service
lists 3,000 saltwater fishing sites on the East Coast and Gulf of
Mexico, excluding Florida and Texas. These sites include piers,
beaches, jetties, marinas, and bridges. The Army Corps of Engineers has
constructed 413 fishing piers and docks which are usually operated by
public and private entities.
New fishing facilities have wider piers and platforms and the
proposed provisions for clear space and maneuvering space are not
expected to result in any increase in costs. The proposed rule does not
require new fishing facilities to provide railings. However, if
railings are provided, the proposed rule sets a maximum height for a
portion of the railings and also
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requires edge protection to extend at least 2 inches above the ground
or deck surface. The cost of this requirement is negligible when
compared to the total cost of the facility.
New fishing facilities that consist of floating platforms will have
to comply with the same maximum slope requirements for gangways as do
boating facilities with floating platforms. The Board seeks data from
owners and operators of fishing facilities on the number of new fishing
facilities with floating platforms expected to be constructed in the
next five years, the size of the facilities (total square feet of fixed
and floating piers), water level changes at the facilities, and costs
of the facilities.
Golf
There are approximately 11,300 public and municipal golf courses in
the United States. Based on the number of new golf courses opened
between 1992 and 1997, the rate of new construction is projected at 3.8
percent, or about 430 new golf courses annually. Most recently
constructed golf courses meet the proposed provisions for a golf car
passage, teeing grounds, putting greens, and driving ranges and
practice tees. Industry sources have indicated that the proposed rule
is expected to have minimal to negligible cost impact on the
construction of new golf courses.
Miniature Golf
There are 3,000 to 4,000 miniature golf courses in the United
States. Miniature golf course lots vary considerably in size. There is
a trend to design courses with elevated holes. One designer typically
uses 29,000 square feet for an 18 hole course, with an average hole
size of 360 square feet. Land costs range from $3 to $15 per square
foot. Holes and paths typically consist of concrete or brick, and cost
from $1 to $3 per square foot. The Board seeks additional data on the
number of new miniature golf courses expected to be constructed in the
next five years, the size of the facilities, and total project costs,
including land, materials, and labor.
The cost impact of the proposed rule will vary based on the
elevation change and hole design of the miniature golf course. The
proposed rule would require at least 50 percent of elevated holes to be
accessible. The proposed rule also allows holes to be designed so that
wheelchair users can hit the ball from an accessible route adjacent to
the hole instead of providing an accessible route through the hole. One
designer estimates that it will cost 5 percent to 45 percent more to
connect holes with an accessible route. Designers will plan miniature
golf courses differently based on accessibility requirements. The Board
seeks information on designs that will comply with the proposed rule,
meet the objectives of miniature golf course operators, and make
optimum use of space. Commenters should identify differences in space
usage from current design practices and the method for estimating
additional costs attributed to the proposed rule.
Sports Facilities
The proposed rule adds several exceptions to existing ADAAG
provisions for certain sports facilities. There is no cost associated
with these exceptions. The proposed rule also includes provisions for
exercise equipment and machines, bowling lanes, shooting ranges, sauna
and steam rooms, and locker rooms. There are approximately 13,800
health and fitness clubs; 6,700 bowling centers; and 6,400 shooting
ranges in the United States. In addition, hotels and motels, schools,
colleges and universities, and public parks and recreation programs
often have exercise equipment and machines, sauna and steam rooms, and
locker rooms as part of their facilities. Industry sources have
indicated that the proposed rule is expected to have negligible impact
on the construction of these new sports facilities.
Swimming Pools, Wading Pools, and Spas
There is no data available on the number of commercial swimming
pools in the United States. One manufacturer estimates that about 2,500
new commercial swimming pools are constructed each year. Most
commercial swimming pools have less than 300 linear feet of pool wall.
Schools, colleges and universities, and public parks and recreation
programs usually construct pools having more than 300 linear feet of
pool wall. Assuming a unit cost of $142 per square foot, a 5,000 square
foot pool would cost $.7 million and a 10,000 square foot pool would
cost $1.4 million. The Board seeks additional data on the number of
commercial swimming pools constructed each year, the size of the pools,
and their costs. The Board also seeks information on the extent to
which an accessible means of entry is currently provided to newly
constructed pools.
The costs for the various accessible means of entry to a swimming
pool range from $2,860 to $7,500 for swimming pool lifts; $8,282 to
$11,000 for sloped entries; $3,600 to $4,000 for transfer walls; $864
to $3,000 for transfer systems; $2,413 to $3,000 for pool stairs; and
$200,000 to $500,000 for movable floors.
The proposed rule would require swimming pools which have less than
300 linear feet of pool wall to provide at least one accessible means
of entry to the pool. If a swimming pool lift costing $5,200 is used,
the additional cost would be 0.7 percent of the total construction cost
for a 5,000 square foot pool. Assuming that 80 percent of new pools
have less than 300 linear feet of pool wall, it would cost $10.4
million annually to provide swimming pool lifts for these 2,000 new
pools.
The proposed rule would require swimming pools which have 300
linear feet or more of pool wall to provide at least two accessible
means of entry to the pool. If a swimming pool lift costing $5,200 and
a transfer system costing $2,400 are used, the additional cost would be
0.5 percent of the total construction cost for a 10,000 square foot
pool. Assuming the other 20 percent of new swimming pools have 300
linear feet or more of pool wall, it would cost another $3.8 million
annually to provide swimming pool lifts and transfer systems for those
500 new pools.
The proposed rule also would require an accessible means of entry
to wading pools and commercial spas. The Board seeks data on the number
of new wading pools and commercial spas constructed each year and their
costs. The Board also seeks information on the means currently used to
provide access to wading pools and commercial spas, and the costs for
providing access.
Benefits
The proposed rule is issued pursuant to the Americans with
Disabilities Act (ADA) to eliminate discrimination against individuals
with disabilities. In enacting the ADA, Congress expressly found that
architectural, transportation and communication barriers result in
discrimination against individuals with disabilities. The proposed rule
will ensure that new recreation facilities are readily accessible to
and usable by individuals with disabilities. As new recreation
facilities are designed and constructed to be accessible, individuals
with disabilities will enjoy the benefits of these facilities.
Operators of recreation facilities will experience increased usage and
patronage by individuals with disabilities. The proposed rule also
establishes the basis for uniform standards for accessibility to
recreation facilities. Designers and manufacturers will have a clear
and consistent set of standards with which to work. Establishing
uniform standards
[[Page 37346]]
for accessibility has resulted in innovation and new designs that are
cost effective and beneficial to everyone.
Regulatory Flexibility Act: Initial Regulatory Flexibility Analysis
The Board has prepared this initial regulatory flexibility analysis
for purposes of the Regulatory Flexibility Act to describe the impact
of the proposed rule on small entities.
Reason for, Objectives of, and Legal Basis for Proposed Rule
This proposed rule is issued under the authority of the Americans
with Disabilities Act (ADA), which requires the Board to issue
guidelines to ensure that buildings, facilities, and vehicles are
accessible, in terms of architecture and design, transportation, and
communication, to individuals with disabilities. Recreation facilities
are specifically covered by the ADA. In enacting the ADA, Congress
expressly found that individuals with disabilities continually
encounter various forms of discrimination, including the discriminatory
effects of architectural, transportation, and communication barriers.
Among the purposes of the ADA is to provide clear and consistent
standards addressing discrimination against individuals with
disabilities.
The Board initially issued the Americans with Disabilities Act
Accessibility Guidelines (ADAAG) in 1991. ADAAG contains scoping
provisions and technical specifications for designing parking areas,
entrances, toilet rooms, and other elements and spaces that typically
comprise a building and its site so that individuals with disabilities
will have ready access to and use of the facility. Amusement rides,
boating and fishing facilities, golf courses, miniature golf, sports
facilities, swimming pools, wading pools, and spas have some unique
features which are not adequately addressed by ADAAG. Additional
guidelines are needed for providing access to these features. The
proposed rule would add provisions to ADAAG to address these features.
Description and Estimate of Number of Small Entities to Which the
Proposed Rule Will Apply
The proposed rule will apply to small entities in the services
industries. The Small Business Administration defines small entities
for the services industries as those having $5 million or less in
annual receipts. The number of small entities to which the proposed
rule will apply are included in the following categories of the
Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system:
(1) Amusement parks (SIC 7996). Census data indicate that 711 out
of 753 firms have less than $5 million in annual receipts.
(2) Marinas (SIC 4493). Census data indicate that 3,600 out of
3,675 firms have less than $5 million in annual receipts.
(3) Golf Courses (SIC 7992). Census data indicate that 3,525 out of
3,560 firms have less than $5 million in annual receipts.
(4) Physical fitness facilities (SIC 7991). Census data indicate
that 8,116 out of 8,169 firms have less than $5 million in annual
receipts.
(5) Membership sports and recreation clubs (SIC 7997). Census data
indicate that 6,828 out of 6,929 firms have less than $5 million in
annual receipts.
(6) All other amusement and recreation services (SIC 7999). Census
data indicate that 21,078 out of 21,312 firms have less than $5 million
in annual receipts. This category is over broad and includes entities
such as bingo parlors, karate instruction, ping pong parlors, bicycle
rental, scuba and skin diving instruction, and yoga instruction, which
are not affected by the proposed rule.
The following entities would also be affected by the proposed rule
to the extent that they provide exercise equipment, swimming pools, and
other recreational facilities covered by the rule.
(7) Sporting and recreational camps (SIC 7032). Census data
indicate that all 2,812 firms are small entities.
(8) Elementary and secondary schools (SIC 8211). Census data
indicate that 13,335 out of 14,882 private firms are small entities.
(9) Colleges, universities, and professional schools (SIC 8221).
Census data indicate that 947 out of 2,063 private firms are small
entities.
(10) Junior colleges and technical institutes (SIC 8222). Census
data indicate that 353 out of 543 private firms are small entities.
(11) Hotels and motels (SIC 7011). Census data indicate that 34,417
out of 36,695 firms are small entities.
In addition, the proposed rule would apply to public parks and
recreation programs, public elementary and secondary schools, and
public colleges and universities that provide exercise equipment,
swimming pools, or other recreation facilities covered by the rule. For
purposes of the Regulatory Flexibility Act, a governmental jurisdiction
is considered a small entity if it has a population of less than
50,000. The National Recreation and Park Association estimates that
there are 4,800 public park and recreation departments in the United
States. The U.S. Department of Education reports that there are 85,393
public elementary and secondary schools, and 1,625 public colleges and
universities. The Board seeks information on the number of these public
programs which are part of governmental jurisdictions having a
population less than 50,000.
Description of Reporting, Record Keeping, and Other Compliance
Requirements
The proposed rule establishes accessibility guidelines for the
design and construction of new recreation facilities. The guidelines
also apply to alterations to recreation facilities. The guidelines
apply to altered parts of a facility subject to alteration provisions
in ADAAG 4.1.6, including the exception for when compliance is
technically infeasible. There are no reporting or record keeping
requirements.
The provisions of the proposed rule are discussed in detail in the
Section-by-Section Analysis of the preamble. The provisions are
summarized briefly below. Amusement rides would be required to provide
one wheelchair space and one transfer seat for each 100 fixed seats. An
exception is provided for amusement rides where it is not operationally
or structurally feasible to provide wheelchair spaces, in which case
two transfer seats would be required for each 100 fixed seats. The
proposed rule includes technical specifications for wheelchair spaces,
transfer seats, accessible loading and unloading areas, wheelchair
storage space, and signage.
Boating facilities with floating platforms would be permitted to
exceed a 1:12 maximum slope under certain conditions specified in Table
15.2.1 relating to size of the facility and change in water level. At
least 3 percent of boat slips would have to be accessible. The proposed
rule includes technical specifications for accessible boat slips.
Floating fishing piers and platforms would have to comply with the same
provisions for gangways as do boating facilities. Where railings are
provided at fishing facilities, at least 25 percent of the railings
would have to be 32 inches maximum above the ground or deck surface,
and edge protection would have to be provided. The proposed rule
includes technical specifications for clear space and maneuvering space
on fishing piers or platforms.
Golf courses would be permitted to provide a golf car passage on
which a motorized golf car can operate in lieu of an accessible route.
The proposed rule includes scoping provisions and
[[Page 37347]]
technical specifications for teeing grounds, putting greens, driving
ranges and practice tees, and weather shelters. The proposed rule also
addresses miniature golf courses. Where elevated holes are provided on
a miniature golf course, at least 50 percent of those holes would have
to be connected by an accessible route. All other holes would have to
be on an accessible route. The proposed rule also allows holes to be
designed so that wheelchair users can hit the ball from an accessible
route adjacent to the hole instead of providing an accessible route
through the hole.
At least one of each type of exercise equipment would have to be
served by an accessible route and have a clear floor space positioned
for transfer or for use by an individual seated in a wheelchair. At
least 5 percent of bowling lanes and fixed firing positions at shooting
ranges would have to be accessible.
Swimming pools having less than 300 linear feet of pool wall would
have to provide at least one accessible means of entry to the pool, and
swimming pools having 300 linear feet or more of pool wall would have
to provide at least two means of accessible entry to the pool. Wading
pools and spas also would have to provide at least one accessible means
of entry. The proposed rule includes technical specifications for the
following accessible means of entry to pools: swimming pool lifts,
slopped entries, transfer walls, transfer systems, pool stairs, and
moveable floors.
Other Federal Rules Which May Duplicate, Overlap, or Conflict With
the Proposed Rule
Under the ADA, the Department of Justice is responsible for issuing
regulations to implement the law. The Department of Justice's ADA
regulations are required to include standards for the accessible design
of facilities, which must be consistent with ADAAG. Thus, the
Department of Justice is expected to amend its ADA regulations at a
future date based on the Board's amendments to ADAAG. The Department of
Justice's ADA regulations, not ADAAG, are enforceable under the ADA.
Description of Steps Taken To Minimize Any Significant Economic
Impact of the Proposed Rule on Small Entities
The proposed rule is issued to implement the ADA, which requires
newly constructed and altered facilities to be accessible to
individuals with disabilities. By nature of the ADA, ADAAG has
universal applicability to all newly constructed and altered facilities
covered by the law. In developing the proposed rule, the Board sought
the advice and recommendations of an advisory committee representing
the various interests affected by the rule, published an advance notice
of proposed rulemaking seeking comment on the advisory committee's
recommendations, and considered current design and construction
practices for the types of facilities addressed by the rule and the
potential cost impact of the rule.
The proposed rule is expected to have minimal or negligible impact
on the design and construction of new golf courses, bowling centers,
shooting ranges, and facilities providing exercise equipment and
machines, sauna and steam rooms, and locker rooms. For swimming pools,
the number of accessible means of entry to the pool is based on the
size of the pools. Swimming pools having less than 300 linear feet of
pool wall would have to provide at least one means of accessible entry
to the pool. The additional cost for providing an accessible means of
entry is expected to be less than 1 percent of the total construction
for a swimming pool.
For boating and fishing facilities, the proposed rule is not
expected to have any impact on the design and construction of boat
slips and pier clearances. The exception permitting gangways to
floating piers and platforms to exceed the 1:12 maximum slope is based
on the size of the facility and water level change as set out in Table
15.2.1. The table was developed to minimize the cost impact on smaller
facilities and facilities having greater water level changes. The cost
data is summarized above under Executive Order 12866: Regulatory
Assessment.
For miniature golf courses, to minimize the cost impact, the
proposed rule would require at least 50 percent of elevated holes and
each level hole to be accessible. The Board requests specific guidance
in the preamble on how to differentiate between level and elevated
holes.
As explained under Executive Order 12866: Regulatory Assessment,
there is limited data available on amusement rides. The Board is
requesting additional data from owners and operators of amusement rides
during the comment period on the proposed rule and will fully analyze
any additional data provided before issuing a final rule. The Board
seeks information on the economic impact of the proposed rule on small
entities who plan to design or construct new amusement rides and any
regulatory alternatives that would minimize the impact and still
achieve the statutory objective of providing access to such facilities
for people with disabilities.
The Board invites comment on this initial regulatory flexibility
analysis.
Executive Order 12612: Federalism
The proposed rule is issued under the authority of the Americans
with Disabilities Act. Ensuring the civil rights of individuals with
disabilities has been recognized as a responsibility of the Federal
government. The proposed rule does not otherwise affect the
relationship between the Federal government and the States or the
distribution of power and responsibilities among the various levels of
government to warrant an assessment of federalism implications under
Executive Order 12612.
Executive Order 12875: Intergovernmental Partnership
The Board has involved organizations representing the various
interests affected by the proposed rule in the development of the rule.
The Recreation Access Advisory Committee included representatives of
State and local governments. Notices of advisory committee meetings
were disseminated widely and interested persons were encouraged to
attend the meetings. The report of the advisory committee's
recommendations has been distributed to entities that will be affected
by the rule and is one of the Board's most frequently requested
publications. The Board published an advance notice of proposed
rulemaking requesting comments on the advisory committee's report and
received comments from all sectors, including State and local
governments. In addition to requesting comments on the proposed rule,
the Board will hold a public hearing on the rule to give all interested
persons an additional opportunity to share their views regarding the
rule with the Board.
Unfunded Mandates Reform Act
The Unfunded Mandates Reform Act does not apply to proposed or
final rules that enforce constitutional rights of individuals or
enforce any statutory rights that prohibit discrimination on the basis
of race, color, sex, national origin, age, handicap, or disability.
Since the proposed rule is issued under the authority of the Americans
with Disabilities Act, an assessment of the rule's effects on State,
local, and tribal governments, and the private sector is not required
by the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act.
[[Page 37348]]
List of Subjects in 36 CFR Part 1191
Buildings and facilities, Civil rights, Individuals with
disabilities, Transportation.
June I. Kailes,
Chair, Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board.
For the reasons stated in the preamble, the Architectural and
Transportation Barriers Compliance Board proposes to amend Part 1191 of
title 36 of the Code of Federal Regulations as follows:
PART 1191--AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT (ADA) ACCESSIBILITY
GUIDELINES FOR BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES
1. The authority citation for 36 CFR part 1191 continues to read as
follows:
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 12204.
Appendix A to Part 1191--[Amended]
2. Appendix A to part 1191 is amended as follows:
a. In section 3.5, add definitions for ``Amusement Device,''
``Amusement Ride,'' ``Area of Sport Activity,'' ``Boat Launch Ramp,''
``Boat Slip,'' ``Design High Point.'' ``Gangway,'' ``Golf Car Path,''
and ``Teeing Ground'' in alphabetical order.
b. In section 4.1.1, remove the word ``or'' at the end of the
paragraph 5(b)(ii); add the word ``or'' at the end of paragraph
5(b)(iii); and add a new paragraph 5(b)(iv).
c. In section 4.1.2, redesignate paragraph 2 as paragraph 2(a); add
a new paragraph 2(b); add an exception after paragraph 2(b); add an
exception after paragraph (3); and add two exceptions after paragraph
(4).
d. In section 4.1.3, add a new paragraph (12)(c); add an exception
after paragraph (13); add an exception after paragraph (19)(a), add a
new paragraph (19)(c); revise paragraph (21); add an exception after
paragraph (21); add a new paragraph (22); and add an exception after
paragraph (22).
e. Revise the heading of section 4.35, and revise sections 4.35.1
and 4.35.4.
f. Add new section 4.36.
g. Add new section 4.37.
h. Add new section 10.5.
i. Add new section 15.
The additions and revisions read as follows:
Appendix A to Part 1191--Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA)
Accessibility Guidelines for Buildings and Facilities
* * * * *
3.5 Definitions
* * * * *
Amusement Device. A device which moves persons through a fixed
course within a defined area for the purpose of amusement or
entertainment and which is not controlled or operated by the rider.
Amusement Ride. A system containing one or more amusement
devices that are intended to provide the same general amusement
experience.
* * * * *
Area of Sport Activity. That portion of a room or space where
the play or practice of a sport occurs.
* * * * *
Boat Launch Ramp. A sloped surface designed for the launching
and retrieval of trailered boats to and from the water.
Boat Slip. The area where a boat is tied to a dock or pier for
the purpose of embarking or disembarking.
* * * * *
Design High Point. A selected elevation, based on hydrologic
data and other appropriate records, which is used as a safe and
practical upper limit for the design and construction of a gangway
to a floating facility.
* * * * *
Gangway. A variable-sloped structure linking a fixed structure
or land with a floating structure.
Golf Car Passage. A continuous passage on which a motorized golf
car can operate.
* * * * *
Teeing Ground. In golf, the starting place for the hole to be
played.
* * * * *
4.1.1* Application
* * * * *
(b) Accessibility is not required to or in: * * *
(iv) structures used solely for refereeing a sport.
* * * * *
4.1.2 Accessible Sites and Exterior Facilities: New Construction
* * * * *
(2) * * *
(b) Court Sports. An accessible route complying with 4.3 shall
connect both sides of the court in court sports.
Exception: Vertical access is not required to a raised boxing
ring.
(3) * * *
Exception: The requirements of 4.4 do not apply to areas of
sport activity.
(4) * * *
Exception 1: The requirements of 4.5 do not apply to an area of
sport activity.
Exception 2: The requirements for stable, firm, and slip-
resistant surfaces do not apply to surfaces in hoofed animal
containment areas.
* * * * *
4.1.3 Accessible Buildings: New Construction
* * * * *
(12) * * *
(c) Where lockers are provided in accessible spaces, at least 5
percent, but not less than one, of each type shall comply with 4.25.
(13) * * *
Exception: The requirements of 4.27 do not apply to exercise
machines.
* * * * *
(19) * * *
(a) * * *
Exception: In amusement facilities where the motion of fixed
seats is an integral part of the amusement experience, transfer
seats complying with 15.1.4 shall be permitted.
* * * * *
(c) In addition to the requirements of 4.1.3(19)(a), where a
fixed team or player seating area is provided and serves an
accessible area of sport activity, the seating area shall contain
wheelchair spaces in a number required by 4.1.3(19)(a), but not less
than one space. Such wheelchair spaces shall conform to 4.33.2,
4.33.3, 4.33.4, and 4.33.5.
* * * * *
(21) Where a public or common use dressing, fitting, or locker
room is provided, the room shall comply with 4.35.
Exception: Where public or common use dressing, fitting, or
locker rooms are provided in a cluster, at least 5 percent, but not
less than one, of the rooms for each type of use in each cluster
shall comply with 4.35.
(22) Where saunas or steam rooms are provided, the rooms shall
comply with 4.36.
Exception: Where saunas or steam rooms are provided in a
cluster, 5 percent, but not less than one, of the rooms for each
type of use in each cluster, shall comply with 4.37.
* * * * *
4.35 Dressing, Fitting, and Locker Rooms
4.35.1 General. Dressing, fitting, and locker rooms required to
be accessible by 4.1 shall comply with 4.35 and shall be on an
accessible route.
* * * * *
4.35.4 Bench. Accessible dressing rooms, fitting rooms, and
locker rooms shall have a bench complying with 4.37.
* * * * *
4.36 Saunas and Steam Rooms
4.36.1 General. Saunas and steam rooms required to be
accessible by 4.1 shall comply with 4.36.
4.36.2 Turning Space. A turning space complying with 4.2.3
shall be provided within the room.
Exception: Turning space shall be permitted to be temporarily
obstructed by readily removable seats.
4.36.3 Bench. Where provided, at least one bench shall comply
with 4.37.
Exception: Clear floor space required by 4.37.1 shall be
permitted to be temporarily obstructed by readily removable seats.
4.36.4 Door Swing. Doors shall not swing into any part of the
clear floor space required at an accessible bench.
4.37 Benches
4.37.1 Clear Floor or Ground Space. Clear floor or ground space
complying with 4.2.4 shall be provided and shall be positioned for
parallel approach to an end of the bench seat.
4.37.2 Size. Benches shall have seats that are 20 in (510 mm)
minimum to 24 in (610
[[Page 37349]]
mm) maximum in depth and 42 in (1065 mm) minimum in length. The
bench shall be fixed and shall have back support which is 42 in
(1065 mm) minimum in length and extend from a point 2 in (50 mm)
maximum above the bench to a point 18 in (455 mm) minimum above the
bench.
4.37.3 Height. The bench seat shall be 17 in (430 mm) minimum
to 19 in (485 mm) maximum above the floor or ground.
4.37.4 Structural Strength. Allowable stresses shall not be
exceeded for materials used when a vertical or horizontal force of
250 lbs (1112 N) is applied at any point on the seat, fastener,
mounting device, or supporting structure.
4.37.5 Wet Locations. Where installed in wet locations, the
surface of the bench shall be slip-resistant and shall not
accumulate water.
* * * * *
10.5 Boat and Ferry Docks. Boat and ferry docks shall comply with
15.2.
* * * * *
15 Recreation Facilities
Recreation facilities covered by this section shall comply with
the applicable requirements of section 4 and the special application
sections, except as modified or otherwise provided in this section.
Amusement Rides
15.1 General. Amusement rides with amusement devices containing
fixed seats shall comply with 15.1.
15.1.1 Number Required. One wheelchair space complying with 15.1.3
shall be provided per 100 fixed seats or fraction thereof on each
amusement ride. In addition, one transfer seat complying with 15.1.4
shall be provided per 100 fixed seats or fraction thereof on each
amusement ride.
Exception: Where it is not operationally or structurally
feasible to provide wheelchair spaces, two transfer seats complying
with 15.1.4 shall be provided per 100 fixed seats or fraction
thereof on each amusement ride.
15.1.1.1 Dispersion. Accessible amusement devices shall be
dispersed throughout the amusement ride. Where different types of
amusement devices are provided on an amusement ride, the accessible
amusement devices shall be dispersed among the different types. This
provision does not require an increase in the minimum number of
amusement devices required to be accessible.
15.1.2 Accessible Loading and Unloading Areas. An accessible
route shall connect the portion of the loading and unloading area
serving each accessible amusement device. The loading and unloading
area serving each accessible amusement device shall provide a
maneuvering space complying with 4.2.3. The maneuvering space shall
have a slope not steeper than 1:48.
15.1.2.1 Wheelchair Storage Space. A wheelchair storage space
complying with 4.2.4 shall be provided in the unloading area for
each required transfer seat. Wheelchair storage spaces shall not
overlap any required means of egress or accessible route.
15.1.2.2 Signage. Signage shall be provided at the entrance of
the queue or waiting line for each amusement ride to identify
whether the accessible amusement devices provide wheelchair spaces,
transfer seats, or both. Where an accessible unload area also serves
as the accessible load area, signage shall be provided at the
entrance to the queue or waiting line indicating the location of the
accessible load and unload area.
15.1.2.3 Loading and Unloading. When an accessible amusement
device is positioned for loading or unloading, the height of the
loading or unloading area shall be coordinated with the floor height
of the amusement device so that, when the device is at rest, the
vertical difference shall be within plus or minus \5/8\ in (16 mm)
under normal passenger load conditions and the horizontal gap shall
be no greater than 3 in (75 mm).
Exception: Where it is not operationally or structurally
feasible to meet the horizontal or vertical difference requirements,
ramps, bridge plates, or similar manually deployed devices complying
with the applicable requirements of 36 CFR 1192.83 shall be
provided.
15.1.3 Wheelchair Space. Accessible amusement devices designed
to provide wheelchair spaces shall comply with 15.1.3.
15.1.3.1 Floor or Ground Surface. The floor or ground surface
of wheelchair spaces shall have a slope not steeper than 1:48 and
shall comply with 4.5.1, 4.5.3, and 4.5.4. Changes in level are not
permitted.
15.1.3.2 Width. A wheelchair space shall be 36 in (915 mm)
minimum in width.
15.1.3.3 Depth. Where a wheelchair space can be entered from
the front or rear, the wheelchair space shall be 48 in (1220 mm)
minimum in depth. Where a wheelchair space can be entered only from
the side, the wheelchair space shall be 60 in (1525 mm) minimum in
depth.
15.1.3.4 Approach. One side of the wheelchair space shall
adjoin an accessible route.
15.1.3.5 Fixed Companion Seats. Where amusement devices provide
seating for more than one rider, a fixed companion seat shall be
provided for each required wheelchair space. Where amusement devices
provide shoulder-to-shoulder seating, companion seats shall be
shoulder-to-shoulder with the adjacent wheelchair space.
15.1.4 Transfer Seat. Accessible amusement devices designed to
provide transfer seats shall comply with 15.1.4 when positioned for
loading and unloading.
15.1.4.1 Clear Floor Space. Clear floor space complying with
4.2.4.1 shall be provided with the longer dimension parallel to the
unobstructed side of the transfer seat and shall be located within 3
in (75 mm) maximum from the transfer seat. Clear floor space shall
extend 12 in (305 mm) beyond the back of the seat (see Fig. 58).
15.1.4.2 Maneuvering Space. The maneuvering space required by
15.1.2 is permitted to overlap the clear floor space serving
transfer seats.
15.1.4.3 Transfer Seat Dimensions and Position. The height of
the transfer seat shall be 17 in (430 mm) minimum to 19 in (485 mm)
maximum above the load and unload platform. The end of the transfer
seat adjacent to the clear floor space complying with 15.1.4.1 shall
be unobstructed when in the load and unload position (see Fig. 59).
15.1.4.4 Transfer Entry. When in the load and unload position
the amusement device shall provide a 36 in (915 mm) wide minimum
entry. The entry shall provide a opening and shall be positioned
parallel and adjacent to the longer dimension of the clear floor
space (see Fig. 60).
Boating Facilities
15.2 Boating Facilities. Boating facilities shall comply with
15.2.
15.2.1 Gangways. Gangways which are part of an accessible route
shall comply with 4.3. Gangways shall be permitted to have
transition plates at the top and bottom.
Exception 1. The maximum rise specified by 4.8.2 shall not apply
to gangways.
Exception 2. Gangways shall be permitted to exceed the maximum
slope specified by 4.8.2 when the distance in feet between the
design high point and the level of the water, and the square footage
of fixed and floating piers at the facility are in accordance with
Table 15.2.1.
Exception 3. Handrail extensions shall not be required on
gangways or landings where they connect to transition plates and
shall not be required on transition plates.
Table 15.2.1.--Conditions When Gangway May Exceed 1:12 Maximum Slope
------------------------------------------------------------------------
And square
footage of
fixed and
Distance in feet between design high point and water floating piers
level is over at the
facility is
less than
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.5..................................................... 3,000
5.0..................................................... 10,000
10.0.................................................... 20,000
12.5.................................................... 30,000
30.0.................................................... 95,000
------------------------------------------------------------------------
15.2.2 Slips: Minimum Number. Where boat slips are provided, at
least 3 percent, but not less than one, shall comply with 15.2.3.
Accessible boat slips shall be dispersed throughout the various
types provided. This provision does not require an increase in the
minimum number of boat slips required to be accessible. Where the
number of slips cannot be identified, each 40 feet (12.2 m) of
mooring space provided along the perimeter of a pier, shall be
counted as one boat slip for the purpose of this section.
15.2.2.1 Slips Serving Boat Launch Ramps. In addition to the
requirements of 15.2.2, where boat launch ramps are provided with
boarding piers, at least one accessible slip complying with 15.2.3
shall be provided adjacent to a boat launch ramp.
15.2.2.2 Location. Among each type provided, accessible slips
shall be those nearest to amenities provided in the boating
facility.
15.2.3 Accessible Boat Slips. Accessible boat slips shall
comply with 15.2.3.
15.2.3.1 Pier Clearances. Accessible boat slips shall be served
by clear pier space 60 in (1525 mm) wide minimum and at least as
long as the accessible slip (see Fig. 61). Every
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120 in (3050 mm) maximum of linear pier edge serving the accessible
boat slip shall contain at least one continuous clear opening 60 in
(1525 mm) minimum (see Fig. 62).
Fishing Piers and Platforms
15.3 Fishing Piers and Platforms. Each fishing pier and
platform shall comply with 15.3.
15.3.1 Accessible Route. When an accessible route connects a
floating fishing pier or a floating fishing platform, the
requirements of 15.2.1 shall apply.
15.3.2 Railings. Where railings, guardrails, or handrails are
provided, they shall comply with 15.3.2.
15.3.2.1 Edge Protection. Edge protection shall be provided and
shall extend 2 in (50 mm) minimum above the ground or deck surface.
15.3.2.2 Height. At least 25 percent of the railings shall be
32 in (815 mm) maximum above the ground or deck surface.
15.3.2.3 Dispersion. Railings required to comply with 15.3.2.2
shall be dispersed throughout a fishing facility.
15.3.3 Clear Pier or Platform Space. At least one clear space
complying 4.2.4.1 shall be provided where the railing height
required by 15.3.2.2 is located. Where no railings are provided, at
least one clear space complying with 4.2.4.1 shall be provided on
the fishing pier or fishing platform.
15.3.4 Maneuvering Space. At least one maneuvering space
complying with 4.2.3 shall be provided on the fishing pier or
fishing platform.
Golf
15.4 General. Golf courses, driving ranges, and practice
putting greens shall comply with 15.4.
15.4.1 Accessible Route. The accessible route required by
4.1.2(2) shall be 48 in (1220 mm) minimum wide where located within
the boundary of a golf course and shall connect to the bag drop
areas, accessible teeing grounds, and putting greens. Where
handrails are required, the accessible route shall be 60 in (1525
mm) minimum wide.
Exception 1: A golf car passage complying with 15.4.5 shall be
permitted in lieu of all or part of an accessible route within the
boundary of the golf course.
Exception 2: The requirements of 4.8.5 do not apply to an
accessible route located within the boundary of a golf course.
15.4.2 Teeing Grounds. Where one teeing ground is provided for
a hole, the teeing ground shall comply with 15.4.7. Where two or
more teeing grounds are provided for a hole, at least two teeing
grounds serving the hole shall comply with 15.4.7.
15.4.3 Driving Ranges and Practice Tees. Where driving ranges
or practice tees are provided, at least 5 percent of the practice
tees, but not less than one, shall comply with 15.4.7.
15.4.4 Weather Shelters. Where weather shelters are provided on
a golf course, each weather shelter shall have a clear floor or
ground space 60 in (1525 mm) minimum by 96 in (2440 mm) minimum and
shall be designed and constructed so that a golf car can enter and
exit in a forward direction.
15.4.5 Golf Car Passage. Where curbs or other manmade barriers
are provided along a golf car passage to prohibit a golf car from
entering a fairway, openings at least 60 in (1525 mm) wide shall be
provided at intervals of 75 yds (69 m).
15.4.5.1 Width. The golf car passage shall be 48 in (1220 mm)
minimum wide.
15.4.6 Putting Greens. Putting greens shall be designed and
constructed so that a golf car can enter, maneuver within, and exit
the putting green.
15.4.7 Teeing Grounds. Accessible teeing grounds shall have a
minimum clear area of 10 ft by 10 ft (3050 mm by 3050 mm) with a
surface slope which does not exceed 1:48 in all directions, and
shall be designed and constructed so that a golf car can enter in a
forward direction and maneuver in the teeing ground.
Miniature Golf
15.5 Miniature Golf Courses. Each hole on a miniature golf
course shall comply with 15.5.
Exception: Where elevated holes are provided, at least 50
percent of elevated holes shall comply with 15.5.
15.5.1 Accessible Route. An accessible route shall connect
start of play areas on each accessible hole.
Exception 1: Readily removable curbs are permitted where the
accessible route intersects the playing surface of a hole.
Exception 2: Where the accessible route is located on the
playing surface of a hole, a maximum slope of 1:4 is permitted for a
4 in (100 mm) maximum rise.
Exception 3: The requirements of 4.8.5 do not apply to an
accessible route located on a hole.
15.5.2 Start of Play Areas. An accessible start of play area
shall have a slope not steeper than 1:48 and shall be 60 in (1525
mm) minimum by 60 in (1525 mm) minimum.
15.5.3 Golf Club Reach Range. All level areas within accessible
holes where golf balls rest shall be within 27 in (560 mm) maximum
of an accessible route with a maximum slope of 1:20 (see Fig. 63).
Play Areas
15.6 Play Areas [Reserved]
Sports Facilities
15.7.1 Exercise Equipment and Machines. At least one of each
type of exercise equipment and machines shall be provided with clear
floor space complying with 4.2.4 and shall be served by an
accessible route. Clear floor space shall be positioned for transfer
or for use by an individual seated in a wheelchair.
15.7.2 Bowling Lanes. Where bowling lanes are provided, at
least 5 percent, but not less than one lane of each type, shall be
accessible.
15.7.3 Shooting Facilities. Where fixed firing positions are
provided at a site, at least 5 percent, but not less than one, of
each type of fixed firing position, shall comply with 15.7.3.1.
Factors to be considered in determining the types of fixed firing
positions include the price of admission, if covering and lighting
is provided, and the shooting events the fixed firing position
intends to support.
15.7.3.1 Fixed Firing Position. An accessible fixed firing
position shall contain a turning circle complying with 4.2.3 and
shall have a slope not steeper than 1:48 in all directions.
Swimming Pools, Wading Pools, and Spas
15.8.1 Swimming Pools. At least two accessible means of entry
shall be provided for each public and common use swimming pool. The
primary means of entry shall comply with 15.8.4 (Swimming Pool
Lifts) or 15.8.5 (Sloped Entries). The secondary means of entry
shall not duplicate the primary means and shall comply with one of
the following: 15.8.4 (Swimming Pool Lifts), 15.8.5 (Sloped
Entries), 15.8.6 (Transfer Walls), 15.8.7 (Transfer Systems), 15.8.8
(Pool Stairs), or 15.8.9 (Moveable Floors).
Exception: Where a swimming pool has less than 300 linear feet
of swimming pool wall, at least one accessible means of entry shall
be provided and shall comply with 15.8.4 (Swimming Pool Lifts) or
15.8.5 (Sloped Entries).
15.8.2 Wading Pools. At least one accessible means of entry
complying with 15.8.5 (Sloped Entries), 15.8.6 (Transfer Walls), or
15.8.7 (Transfer Systems), shall be provided for each wading pool.
15.8.3 Spas. At least one accessible means of entry complying
with 15.8.4 (Swimming Pool Lifts), 15.8.6 (Transfer Walls), or
15.8.7 (Transfer Systems) shall be provided for each spa.
Exception: Where spas are provided in a cluster, 5 percent, but
not less than one in each cluster, shall be accessible.
15.8.4 Swimming Pool Lifts. Swimming pool lifts shall comply
with 15.8.4.
15.8.4.1 Seat Location. In the raised position, the centerline
of the seat shall be located over the deck and 20 in (510 mm)
minimum from the edge of the pool.
15.8.4.2 Clear Deck Space. On the side of the seat opposite the
water, a clear deck space shall be provided parallel with the seat.
The space shall have a width of 30 in (760 mm) minimum and shall
extend forward 48 in (1220 mm) minimum from a line located 12 in
(305 mm) behind the intersection of the seat and its back (see Fig.
75).
15.8.4.3 Seat Height. The height of the lift seat shall be 16
in (405 mm) minimum to 18 in (455 mm) maximum measured from the deck
to the top of the seat surface when in the raised (load) position
(see Fig. 76(a)).
15.8.4.4 Seat Width. The seat shall be 16 in (405 mm) minimum
wide.
15.8.4.5 Footrests and Armrests. Footrests shall be provided
and shall move with the seat. If provided, armrests positioned
opposite the water shall be removable or shall fold clear of the
seat when the seat is in the raised (load) position.
15.8.4.6 Operation. The lift shall be capable of unassisted
operation from both the deck and water levels. Controls and
operating mechanisms shall be unobstructed when the lift is in use.
Controls and operating mechanisms shall comply with 4.27.4 and shall
not require continuous manual pressure for operation.
15.8.4.7 Submerged Depth. The lift shall be designed so that
the seat will submerge to
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a water depth of 18 in (455 mm) minimum (see Fig. 76(b)).
15.8.4.8 Lifting Capacity. Single person pool lifts shall have
a minimum weight capacity of 300 lbs (136 kg). Lifts shall be
capable of sustaining a static load of at least three times the
rated load.
15.8.5 Sloped Entries. Sloped entries shall comply with 15.8.5.
15.8.5.1 Sloped Entries. Sloped entries designed to provide
access into the water shall comply with 4.3, except as modified
below.
15.8.5.2 Submerged Depth. Where sloped entries are designed to
provide access into the water, they shall extend to a depth of 24 in
(610 mm) minimum to 30 in (760 mm) maximum below the stationary
water level. Where landings are required by 4.8, at least one
landing shall be located 24 in (610 mm) minimum to 30 in (760 mm)
maximum below the stationary water level (see Fig. 77).
Exception: In wading pools, the sloped entry and landings, if
provided, shall extend to the deepest part of the wading pool.
15.8.5.3 Handrails. Handrails shall be provided on both sides
of the sloped entry. The clear width between handrails shall be 33
in (840 mm) minimum and 38 in (965 mm) maximum. Handrail extensions
required by 4.8.5 shall not be required at the bottom landing
serving a pool ramp (see Fig. 78).
15.8.6 Transfer Walls. Transfer walls shall comply with 15.8.6.
15.8.6.1 Clear Deck Space. A clear deck space of 60 in (1525
mm) minimum by 60 in (1525 mm) minimum with a slope not steeper than
1:48 shall be provided at the base of the transfer wall. Where one
grab bar is provided, the clear deck space shall be centered on the
grab bar. Where two grab bars are provided, the clear deck space
shall be centered on the clearance between the grab bar (see Fig.
79).
15.8.6.2 Height. The height of the transfer wall shall be 16 in
(405 mm) minimum to 18 in (455 mm) maximum measured from the deck
(see Fig. 80).
15.8.6.3 Wall Depth. The depth of the transfer wall shall be 12
in (305 mm) minimum to 16 in (405 mm) maximum.
15.8.6.4 Surface. The surface of the transfer wall shall not
have sharp edges.
15.8.6.5 Grab Bars. At least one grab bar shall be provided on
the transfer wall. Grab bars shall be perpendicular to the pool wall
and shall extend the full depth of the wall. The top of the gripping
surface shall be 4 in (100 mm) maximum above walls. Where two grab
bars are provided, clearance between grab bars shall be 22 in (560
mm) minimum. Where one grab bar is provided, clearance shall be 22
in (560 mm) minimum on both sides of the grab bar. Grab bars shall
comply with 4.26.
15.8.7 Transfer Systems. Transfer systems shall comply with
15.8.7.
15.8.7.1 Transfer Platform. A transfer platform 19 in (485 mm)
minimum deep by 22 in (560 mm) minimum wide shall be provided at the
head of each transfer system.
15.8.7.2 Clear Deck Space. A clear deck space of 60 in (1525 mm
) minimum by 60 in (1525 mm) minimum with a slope not steeper than
1:48 shall be provided at the base of the transfer platform surface
and shall be centered along a 22 in (560 mm) minimum unobstructed
side of the transfer platform (see Fig. 81).
15.8.7.3 Height. The height of the transfer platform shall
comply with 15.8.6.2.
15.8.7.4 Transfer Step Risers. Transfer step riser height shall
be 7 in (180 mm) maximum. Transfer step risers shall extend to a
water depth of 18 in (455 mm) minimum (see Fig. 82).
15.8.7.5 Surface. The surface of the transfer system shall not
have sharp edges.
15.8.7.6 Size. Each transfer step shall have a tread depth of
12 in (305 mm) minimum and 17 in (430 mm) maximum and shall have a
tread width of 22 in (560 mm) minimum.
15.8.7.7 Grab Bars. One grab bar shall be provided on each
step. The grab bar at the transfer platform shall not obstruct
transfer. The top of the gripping surface shall be 4 in (100 mm)
maximum above each step. Grab bars shall comply with 4.26.
15.8.8 Pool Stairs. Pool stairs shall comply with 15.8.8.
15.8.8.1 Pool Stairs. Pool stairs shall comply with 4.9, except
as modified below.
15.8.8.2 Handrails. The width between handrails shall be 20 in
(510 mm) minimum and 22 in (560 mm) maximum. Handrail extensions
required by 4.9.4 shall not be required at the bottom landing
serving a pool stair.
15.8.9 Moveable Floors. The pool coping shall comply with 4.5.2
where the moveable floor connects with the pool deck.
* * * * *
3. The following figures indicated in the left hand column will be
added following the sections in Appendix A indicated in the right hand
column:
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Figure Section
------------------------------------------------------------------------
58........................................ 15.1.4.1.
59........................................ 15.1.4.3.
60........................................ 15.1.4.4.
61........................................ 15.2.3.1.
62........................................ 15.2.3.1.
63........................................ 15.5.3.
64........................................ [Reserved].
65........................................ [Reserved].
66........................................ [Reserved].
67........................................ [Reserved].
68........................................ [Reserved].
69........................................ [Reserved].
70........................................ [Reserved].
71........................................ [Reserved].
72........................................ [Reserved].
73........................................ [Reserved].
74........................................ [Reserved].
75........................................ 15.8.4.2.
76........................................ 15.8.4.3.
77........................................ 15.8.5.2.
78........................................ 15.8.5.3.
79........................................ 15.8.6.1.
80........................................ 15.8.6.2.
81........................................ 15.8.7.2.
82........................................ 15.8.7.4.
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Figures 58 to 63 and 75 to 82 read as follows:
BILLING CODE 8150-01-P
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[FR Doc. 99-17156 Filed 7-8-99; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 8150-01-C
