E8-18491. Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request; The Prevalence and Incidence of HIV Molecular Variants and Their Correlation With Risk Behaviors and HIV Treatment in Brazilian Blood Donors

Summary: Under the provisions of Section 3507(a)(1)(D) of the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), the National Institutes of Health (NIH) has submitted to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) a request to review and approve the information collection listed below. This proposed information collection was previously published in the Federal Register on May 29, 2008, pages 30951-30952 and allowed 60 days for public comment. The purpose of this notice is to allow an additional 30 days for public comment. The National Institutes of Health may not conduct or sponsor, and the respondent is not required to respond to, an information collection that has been extended, revised, or implemented on or after October 1, 1995, unless it displays a current valid OMB control number.

Proposed Collection: Title: The Prevalence and Incidence of HIV Molecular Variants and Their Correlation With Risk Behaviors and HIV Treatment in Brazilian Blood Donors. Type of Information Collection Request: New. Need and Use of Information Collection: Establishing and monitoring viral prevalence and incidence rates, and identifying risk behaviors for HIV incidence among blood donors, are critical to assessing and reducing risk of HIV transmission through blood transfusion. Identifying donation samples from donors with recent HIV infection is particularly critical as it enables characterization of the viral subtypes currently transmitted within the screened population and hence most likely to “break-through” routine screening measures (i.e., peri-seroconversion window period donations). Molecular surveillance of incident HIV infections in blood donors not only characterizes genotypes of recently infected donors for purposes of blood safety, but also enables documentation of the rates of primary transmission of anti-viral drug resistant strains in the community, serving a public health role in identifying new HIV infections for anti-retroviral treatment. Both a prospective surveillance and a case-control design are proposed to enroll all eligible HIV seropositives detected at three blood centers in Brazil (Sao Paulo, Belo Horizante, and Recífe) plus a satellite center in Rio de Janeiro. A comparison of epidemiological risk profiles will be made between the seropositive donors and a group of randomly selected seronegative donors.

There are three study aims. Laboratory studies (LS-EIA testing and sequencing of pol region) on linked specimens from all enrolled HIV cases, will allow for estimation of HIV prevalence and incidence relative to genotype and putative route of infection. Data derived from molecular genotyping, including drug resistant genotypes, will be provided, along with counseling, to all enrolled HIV positive donors to facilitate their clinical care via referral to the Brazilian national HIV treatment system. Our findings will be compared to trends in prevalence, incidence and molecular variants from studies of the general population and high risk populations in Brazil, thus allowing for broad monitoring of the HIV epidemic in Brazil and assessment of the impact of donor selection criteria on these parameters. Finally, HIV cases and a group of controls, through responses to a questionnaire, will provide data on HIV risk behaviors among prospective blood donors. This HIV risk behavior data will be used as covariates in the molecular surveillance analyses described above, as well as aid in assessing whether modifications may be needed to Brazil's routine blood center operational donor screening questionnaire.

The study participants will return to their local blood center for the administration of an informed consent form, explaining the confidential nature of the research study as well as the risks and benefits to their participation. Once enrolled, they will be asked to complete the self-administered risk factor questionnaire. In addition, a small blood sample will be collected from each HIV seropositive participant to be used for the genotyping and drug resistance testing. The results of the drug resistance testing will be communicated back to the seropositive participants during an in-person counseling session at the blood center.

Defining prevalence and incidence in blood donors and residual risk of HIV transmission by transfusions may lead to new regulations and blood safety initiatives in Brazil. The data can be used to project the yield, safety impact and cost effectiveness of implementing enhanced testing strategies such as combination antigen-antibody assays and/or NAT. Determination of HIV risk factors in donors (first time versus repeat donor status; volunteer versus replacement status; demographics and risk behaviors) will support policy discussions over strategies to recruit the safest possible donors in Brazil. The findings from this project will also complement similar monitoring of HIV prevalence, incidence, transfusion risk and molecular variants in the U.S. and other funded international REDS-II sites, thus allowing direct comparisons of these parameters on a global level.

Frequency of Response: Once. Affected Public: Individuals. Type of Respondents: Adult Blood Donors. The annual reporting burden is as follows: Estimated Number of Respondents: 2,000; Estimated Number of Responses per Respondent: 1; Average Burden of Hours per Response: 0.40 (including administration of the informed consent form and questionnaire completion instructions); and Estimated Total Annual Burden Hours Requested: 800. The annualized cost to respondents is estimated at: $5,200 (based on $6.50 per hour). There are no Capital Costs to report. There are no Operating or Maintenance Costs to report.

Etimated number of respondents	Estimated number of responses per respondent	Average burden hours per response	Estimated total annual burden hours requested
2,000	1	0.40	800

Request for Comments: Written comments and/or suggestions from the public and affected agencies should address one or more of the following points: (1) Whether the proposed collection of information is necessary for the proper performance of the function of the agency, including whether the information will have practical utility; (2) The accuracy of the agency's estimate of the burden of the proposed collection of information, including the validity of the methodology and the assumptions used; (3) Ways to enhance the quality, utility, and clarity of the information collected; and (4) Ways to minimize the burden of the collection of information on those who are to respond, including the use of appropriate automated, electronic, mechanical, or other technological collection techniques or other forms of information technology.

Direct Comments to OMB: Written comments and/or suggestions regarding the item(s) contained in this notice, especially regarding the estimated public burden and associated response time, should be directed to the: Office of Management and Budget, Office of Regulatory Affairs, New Executive Office Building, Room 10235, Washington, DC 20503, Attention: Desk Officer for NIH. To request more information on the proposed project or to obtain a copy of the data collection plans and instruments, contact Dr. George Nemo, Project Officer, NHLBI, Two Rockledge Center, Room 9144, 6701 Rockledge Drive, MSC 7950, Bethesda, MD 20892-7950, or call 301-435-0065, or E-mail your request to [e-mail].

Comments Due Date: Comments regarding this information collection are best assured of having their full effect if received within 30 days of the date of this publication.

Dated: August 1, 2008.

George Nemo,

Project Officer, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health.