[Federal Register Volume 59, Number 161 (Monday, August 22, 1994)]
[Unknown Section]
[Page 0]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 94-20468]
[[Page Unknown]]
[Federal Register: August 22, 1994]
_______________________________________________________________________
Part VI
Department of Labor
_______________________________________________________________________
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
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29 CFR Parts 1910 and 1926
Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response; Final Rule
DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
29 CFR Parts 1910 and 1926
Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response
AGENCY: Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).
ACTION: Final rule.
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SUMMARY: The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is
issuing technical amendments to existing Appendix B and is adding a new
non-mandatory Appendix E to both 29 CFR 1910.120, Hazardous Waste
Operations and Emergency Response and 29 CFR 1926.65, Hazardous Waste
Operations and Emergency Response. The technical amendments to the
Appendix B involve the updating of certain reference sources listed in
Appendix B to both 29 CFR 1910.120 and 1910.65. The new Appendix E
provides suggested guidelines for a more effective training curriculum
and program. The mandatory requirements for those training programs are
set forth in the main body of 29 CFR 1910.120 and 1926.65. The addition
of a non-mandatory Appendix E to these sections will provide
supplementary information that can be used by employers for training
program development directed toward training those employees engaged in
hazardous waste operations and emergency response activities within the
scope of 29 CFR 1910.120 or 1926.65.
EFFECTIVE DATE: The effective date for this notice is September 21,
1994.
ADDRESSES: There are no written responses required in this notice.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Mr. James F. Foster, Office of
Information and Consumer Affairs, Occupational Safety and Health
Administration, Room N-3647, U.S. Department of Labor, 200 Constitution
Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20210, 202-219-8151.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Regulatory history. On October 17, 1986, former President Reagan
signed into law the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of
1986 (SARA) (Pub. L. 99-499). As part of SARA, the Secretary of Labor
(the Secretary) was directed to issue an interim final rule within 60
days after the date of enactment of SARA, which was to provide not less
protection for employees engaged in covered hazardous waste operations
than the protection contained in two specified documents. Those two
documents were the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) ``Health and
Safety Requirements for Employees Engaged in Field Activities'' manual
(EPA ORDER 1440.2), dated 1981, and the existing Occupational Safety
and Health Administration (OSHA) standards under Subpart C or 29 CFR
part 1926, OSHA's Construction Industry Safety and Health Standards.
OSHA published an interim final rule as directed in the Federal
Register on December 19, 1986 (51 FR 45654).
In section 126 of SARA, the Congress also directed the Secretary to
issue, within one year after the date of enactment of SARA, a final
standard under section 6(b) of the Occupational Safety and Health Act
of 1970 for the health and safety of employers engaged in hazardous
waste operations and emergency response. SARA also indicated that
certain specific areas of employee protection, in particular employee
training, were relevant to protect employees engaged in hazardous waste
operations.
OSHA issued a proposed rule on hazardous waste operations and
emergency including provisions for training on August 10, 1987 (52 FR
29620). Public hearings on the proposed rule were held during October
1987. As a result of that proposed rule OSHA published a permanent
final rule for hazardous waste operations and emergency response
(HAZWOPER) on March 6, 1989 (54 FR 9294). That permanent final rule
became effective on March 6, 1990.
In related action, on December 22, 1987, as part of an omnibus
budget reconciliation bill (Pub. L. 100-202), the language of SARA was
amended. The amendment addressed section 126(d)(3) of SARA. Section
126(d)(3) of SARA reads as follows before the amendment:
(d) Specific Training Standards. -- * * *
(3) Certification; Enforcement. -- Such training standards shall
contain provisions for certifying that general site workers, on-site
managers, and supervisors have received the specified training and
shall prohibit any individual who has not received the specified
training from engaging in hazardous water operations covered by the
standard.
The amendment to section 126(d)(3) contained in Pub. L. 100-202
added the following language to the end of paragraph (d)(3):
That section 126(d)(3) of SARA is amended by adding a new
sentence at the end thereof as follows: The certification procedures
shall be no less comprehensive than those adopted by the
Environmental Protection Agency in its Model Accreditation Plan for
Asbestos Abatement Training as required under the Asbestos Hazard
Emergency Response Act of 1986.
In response to the amendment, OSHA on January 26, 1990, issued a
Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) (55 FR 2776) addressing the
accreditation of training programs for hazardous waste operations.
Since January, 1990, OSHA has been working to develop a final rule
addressing the accreditation of certain training programs required in
29 CFR 1910.120 and 29 CFR 1926.65. OSHA will complete shortly action
on that final rule.
On June 30, 1992, OSHA republished 29 CFR 1910.120 in 29 CFR Part
1926 as Sec. 1926.65 at the request of the OSHA Advisory Committee on
Construction Safety and Health (ACCSH). This republication codified
most of the requirements affecting construction activities in one part
of the CFR for the convenience of construction industry employers and
employees.
The most recent action on this rule concerns the development of the
non-mandatory appendix to be added as Appendix E to Sec. 1910.120. This
action took place during the September 30, 1993 meeting of ACCSH held
in Washington, DC. As part of the Advisory Committee's action, a work
group chaired by Mr. John Moran, Director of Safety and Health for the
Laborers' Health and Safety Fund made specific recommendations to the
full advisory committee concerning OSHA's proposed 29 CFR 1910.121
rulemaking. The first recommendation of the work group was, ``that OSHA
promptly issue a non-mandatory appendix to Sec. 1910.120, establishing
minimum training curriculum guidelines and minimum training provider
guidelines (ACCSH Tr. pg. 148, lines 22-25).'' Mr. Moran made a formal
motion that the ACCSH recommend, ``the prompt issuance of a non-
mandatory appendix to Sec. 1910.120 which contains guidelines for
minimum training curriculum, and that minimum training provider
requirements to meet the training standards established in 120 (ACCSH
Tr. pg. 152, lines 5-10).'' The motion was passed unanimously (ACCSH
Tr. pg. 159, lines 3-11). The formal report containing the
recommendations developed by the work group was presented to the
Assistant Secretary by the ACCSH on October 1, 1993.
The report included a December, 1991 document titled, ``Minimum
Criteria for Worker Health and Safety Training for Hazardous Waste
Operations and Emergency Response.'' The National Institute of
Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Training Grant Technical Workshop
on Training Quality developed the document during a technical workshop
on training quality. The workshop, ``Minimum Criteria for Worker Health
and Safety Training for Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency
Response was held March 22-24, 1990 in Washington, DC and was sponsored
by NIEHS. Approximately 60 individuals from labor, industry and the
government, including representatives from OSHA participated in the
workshop.
The report recommends that,
OSHA should promptly issue a non-mandatory appendix to 29 CFR
1910.120 which provides guidelines as to minimum training curriculum
and training provider requirements for those training activities
mandated by the 1910.120 standard. It is our recommendation that
this appendix be essentially the NIEHS National Technical Workshop
consensus document referred to in the BACKGROUND above and which is
appended to this report. \1\
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\1\Memorandum to Advisory Committee on Construction Safety and
Health (ACCSH) from John B. Moran, Chair, Accreditation Work Group,
ACCSH containing the Accreditation Work Group Report dated October
1, 1993 (pg. 4).
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The ACCSH recommendation to the Assistant Secretary suggested that
the non-mandatory appendix address two topics. First, ACCSH recommended
that the appendix should provide guidelines as to the minimum training
curriculum for those training activities mandated by Sec. 1910.120.
Second, ACCSH recommended that the appendix should provide guidelines
as to the minimum training provider requirements for those training
activities mandated by Sec. 1910.120.
Non-mandatory Appendix E on Training. Separate from the ACCSH
recommendations, several individuals suggested that during the interim
period prior to issuing a final rule on training accreditation, OSHA
should add a non-mandatory appendix to 29 CFR 1910.120 and 29 CFR
1926.65 that would provide guidance to employers for developing
effective training programs. The training provisions of these two
standards are stated in performance oriented language in paragraph (e)
for hazardous waste site workers, in paragraph (p)(7) for treatment,
storage, and disposal facility workers, and in paragraph (q)(6) for
emergency response workers.
OSHA uses non-mandatory appendices for a number of purposes such as
to provide non-regulatory guidance to employees and employers for the
purpose of complying with various OSHA regulations or to assist them in
developing more effective safety and health operations. They may also
be an amplification of interpretive information that is included in the
preamble discussions of rulemakings when they are published in the
Federal Register.
It is often brought to OSHA's attention that the useful
interpretive information included in preamble discussions addressing
OSHA's standards becomes less accessible when rules and regulations are
published later in the Code of Federal Regulations. It has been
suggested that having the most important of this type of information
available in the same publication as the codified text of a rule would
make compliance decision making in the workplace easier.
Also non-mandatory appendices provide a non-regulatory mechanism to
keep employer and employee populations aware of new technical
information that becomes available to the agency subsequent to the
issuance of a standard. These new technologies and new types of
information may be of assistance to employer and employee populations
in complying with the regulatory text to which the appendix is
attached.
Training provider criteria. OSHA has reviewed the training provider
criteria suggested in the ``Minimum Criteria for Worker Health and
Safety Training for Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency
Response.'' OSHA is considering fully the issue in the final rule on
certification of training programs. Consequently there is no need to
insert a non-mandatory appendix on this subject. In the interim, OSHA
believes that the standard provides sufficient guidance on the
qualifications of instructors and that additional information in an
appendix format is unnecessary.
Training curriculum guidelines. The document that the ACCSH
recommended that OSHA use as the training guidelines to be placed in
the non-mandatory appendix is titled, ``Minimum Criteria for Worker
Health and Safety Training for Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency
Response.'' It was developed to report the results of a technical
workshop on training quality held March 22-24, 1990 in Washington, DC.
The meeting was sponsored by the National Institute of Environmental
Health Sciences (NIEHS).
NIEHS employee training program grantees identified a need to
establish criteria for determining the quality of employee health and
safety training programs. This was believed by the workshop to be
especially critical for meeting the training requirements of the
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) rule for hazardous
waste operations and emergency response (29 CFR 1910.120). The NIEHS
employee training program grantees planned a workshop to identify,
evaluate, discuss and make recommendations on training quality issues
in this area. A planning committee met twice to develop a draft
discussion document for the workshop's deliberations. The workshop
brought together representatives from each of the NIEHS grantees, and
invited experts from management, labor, academia, and government. A
balance of such representations was sought for each of the workshop's
five sub-sessions. The sub-sessions topics included the following:
1. General Criteria.
2. General hazardous waste operations and site-specific training.
3. RCRA-treatment, storage, and disposal (TSD) sites.
4. Emergency response.
5. Guidelines for accreditation.
At the closing plenary, a draft final report from the workshop was
sent out for a review by participants. Comments offered during the
closing plenary and for a period after the meeting were received and
included as appropriate in the final document. The report represents
the views of the technical experts rather than an official position by
any agency, including NIEHS.
NIEHS is authorized under the Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA) to award grants to nonprofit
organizations that demonstrate experience in implementing and operating
employee health and safety training and education programs and that
demonstrate the ability to reach and involve in training programs
target populations ow employees who are or will be engaged in hazardous
materials waste removal, containment, or emergency response operations.
The grantees who attended the conference met the requirements of and
participation in the NIEHS program.
OSHA has reviewed the guidelines. Overall they would lead to a
highly effective training program. Following them would certainly meet
the training requirements of Sec. 1910.120 and Sec. 1926.65 as a
general matter. The detailed guidance they present would be helpful to
trainers and employers and would lead to better training of employees.
Accordingly OSHA is publishing them as a non-mandatory Appendix E to
those standards.
However, the legal requirements are set forth in the body of the
standards. These require site-specific elements that of course can not
be covered in general guidelines. In addition, some of the guidelines
go beyond the clear requirements of the regulatory text in paragraphs
(a) to (q). In those cases, employers would only be cited if the
employee's training did not meet the requirements of paragraphs (a)
through (q). Accordingly, Appendix E is not called ``minimum criteria''
as ACCSH entitled them. In addition, there are other training
curriculum resources available that can provide additional guidance to
individuals preparing training programs. Therefore, these appendices
are not only based upon the NIEHS document but also upon other training
program guidance documents. OSHA has utilized documents developed by
the National Fire Protection Association, the International Association
of Fire Service Instructors, and others to supplement the guidance
provided in the NIEHS document.
Technical Amendments to Appendix B. It has been brought to the
attention of OSHA that certain references made to National Fire
Protection Association standards in Appendix B to Sec. 1910.120 and
Sec. 1926.65 are outdated. OSHA makes reference to NFPA 1991, NFPA
1992, and NFPA 1993 as standards that were under development at the
time 29 CFR 1910.120 was published. These references are outdated
because the NFPA standards referred to in the existing text are no
longer ``under development'' but were published in 1990 as voluntary
consensus standards by NFPA.
The revisions to Appendix B of Sec. 1910.120 and Appendix B of
Sec. 1926.65 that are contained in this notice recognize the adoption
of these NFPA standards. The revisions correct editorially the text of
these appendices to recognize the current status of the referenced NFPA
standards.
This document makes technical amendments and adds a non-mandatory
appendix for informational purposes that do not change regulatory
requirements. Accordingly, the agency finds that notice and comments
are unnecessary pursuant to the Administrative Procedures Act, 5 U.S.C.
553(b) and according to OSHA procedural rules in 29 CFR 1911.5.
Authority
This document was prepared under the direction of Joseph Dear,
Assistant Secretary of Labor for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S.
Department of Labor, 200 Constitution Avenue, NW, Washington D.C.
20210. Pursuant to section 126 of the Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act of 1986 as amended (Public Law 99-499, 100 Stat.
1690 as amended by Public Law 100-202, section 101(f), 101 Stat. 1329-
198, 29 U.S.C. 655 note), sections 6 and 8 of the Occupational Safety
and Health Act of 1970 (29 U.S.C. 655, 657), section 4 of the
Administrative Procedures Act (5 U.S.C. 553), 29 CFR Part 1911 and
Secretary of Labor's Order 9-83 (48 FR 35736), Sec. 1910.120 of 29 CFR
Part 1910 is amended as set forth below.
Signed at Washington, DC this 12th day of August, 1994.
Joseph A. Dear
Assistant Secretary of Labor
PART 1910--OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS
1. The authority citation for Subpart H continues to read as
follows:
Authority: Sections 4, 6, and 8 of the Occupational Safety and
Health Act of 1970 (29 U.S.C. 653, 655, 657); Secretary of Labor's
Order No. 12-71 (36 FR 8754), 8-76 (41 FR 25059), 9-83 (48 FR
35736), or 1-90 (55 FR 9033), as applicable.
Sections 1910.103, 1910.106, 1910.107, 1910.108, 1910.109,
1910.110, 1910.111 and 1910.119 are also issued under 29 CFR part
1911.
Section 1910.119 is also issued under Sec. 304, Clean Air Act
Amendments of 1990 (Pub. L. 101-549, Nov. 15, 1990, reprinted at 29
U.S.C. 655 Note (Sup. 1991).
Section 1910.120 is also issued under Sec. 126, Superfund
Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 as amended (29 U.S.C. 655
note), 5 U.S.C. 553, and 29 CFR part 1911.
2. The last two paragraphs of Appendix B to Sec. 1910.120--General
Description and Discussion of the Levels of Protection and Protective
Gear are revised to read as follows:
Appendix B to Sec. 1910.120--General Description and Discussion of the
Levels of Protection and Protective Gear * * *
Note: * * *
As an aid in selecting suitable chemical protective clothing, it
should be noted that the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)
has developed standards on chemical protective clothing. The
standards that have been adopted by include:
NFPA 1991--Standard on Vapor-Protective Suits for Hazardous
Chemical Emergencies (EPA Level A Protective Clothing).
NFPA 1992--Standard on Liquid Splash-Protective Suits for
Hazardous Chemical Emergencies (EPA Level B Protective Clothing).
NFPA 1993--Standard on Liquid Splash-Protective Suits for Non-
emergency, Non-flammable Hazardous Chemical Situations (EPA Level B
Protective Clothing).
These standards apply documentation and performance requirements
to the manufacture of chemical protective suits. Chemical protective
suits meeting these requirements are labelled as compliant with the
appropriate standard. It is recommended that chemical protective
suits that meet these standards be used.
3. A new non-mandatory appendix, Appendix E, is added to 29 CFR
1910.120 to read as follows:
Appendix E to Sec. 1910.120--Training Curriculum Guidelines.
The following non-mandatory general criteria may be used for
assistance in developing site-specific training curriculum used to
meet the training requirements of 29 CFR 1910.120(e); 29 CFR
1910.120(p)(7), (p)(8)(iii); and 29 CFR 1910.120(q)(6), (q)(7), and
(q)(8). These are generic guidelines and they are not presented as a
complete training curriculum for any specific employer. Site-
specific training programs must be developed on the basis of a needs
assessment of the hazardous waste site, RCRA/TSDF, or emergency
response operation in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.120.
It is noted that the legal requirements are set forth in the
regulatory text of Sec. 1910.120. The guidance set forth here
presents a highly effective program that in the areas covered would
meet or exceed the regulatory requirements. In addition, other
approaches could meet the regulatory requirements.
Suggested General Criteria
Definitions:
``Competent'' means possessing the skills, knowledge,
experience, and judgment to perform assigned tasks or activities
satisfactorily as determined by the employer.
``Demonstration'' means the showing by actual use of equipment
or procedures.
``Hands-on training'' means training in a simulated work
environment that permits each student to have experience performing
tasks, making decisions, or using equipment appropriate to the job
assignment for which the training is being conducted.
``Initial training'' means training required prior to beginning
work.
``Lecture'' means an interactive discourse with a class lead by
an instructor.
``Proficient'' means meeting a stated level of achievement.
``Site-specific'' means individual training directed to the
operations of a specific job site.
``Training hours'' means the number of hours devoted to lecture,
learning activities, small group work sessions, demonstration,
evaluations, or hands-on experience.
Suggested core criteria:
1. Training facility. The training facility should have
available sufficient resources, equipment, and site locations to
perform didactic and hands-on training when appropriate. Training
facilities should have sufficient organization, support staff, and
services to conduct training in each of the courses offered.
2. Training Director. Each training program should be under the
direction of a training director who is responsible for the program.
The Training Director should have a minimum of two years of employee
education experience.
3. Instructors. Instructors should be deem competent on the
basis of previous documented experience in their area of
instruction, successful completion of a ``train-the-trainer''
program specific to the topics they will teach, and an evaluation of
instructional competence by the Training Director.
Instructors should be required to maintain professional
competency by participating in continuing education or professional
development programs or by completing successfully an annual
refresher course and having an annual review by the Training
Director.
The annual review by the Training Director should include
observation of an instructor's delivery, a review of those
observations with the trainer, and an analysis of any instructor or
class evaluations completed by the students during the previous
year.
4. Course materials. The Training Director should approve all
course materials to be used by the training provider. Course
materials should be reviewed and updated at least annually.
Materials and equipment should be in good working order and
maintained properly.
All written and audio-visual materials in training curricula
should be peer reviewed by technically competent outside reviewers
or by a standing advisory committee.
Reviews should possess expertise in the following disciplines
were applicable: occupational health, industrial hygiene and safety,
chemical/environmental engineering, employee education, or emergency
response. One or more of the peer reviewers should be a employee
experienced in the work activities to which the training is
directed.
5. Students. The program for accepting students should include:
a. Assurance that the student is or will be involved in work
where chemical exposures are likely and that the student possesses
the skills necessary to perform the work.
b. A policy on the necessary medical clearance.
6. Ratios. Student-instructor ratios should not exceed 30
students per instructor. Hands-on activity requiring the use of
personal protective equipment should have the following student-
instructor ratios. For Level C or Level D personal protective
equipment the ratio should be 10 students per instructor. For Level
A or Level B personal protective equipment the ratio should be 5
students per instructor.
7. Proficiency assessment. Proficiency should be evaluated and
documented by the use of a written assessment and a skill
demonstration selected and developed by the Training Director and
training staff. The assessment and demonstration should evaluate the
knowledge and individual skills developed in the course of training.
The level of minimum achievement necessary for proficiency shall be
specified in writing by the Training Director.
If a written test is used, there should be a minimum of 50
questions. If a written test is used in combination with a skills
demonstration, a minimum of 25 questions should be used. If a skills
demonstration is used, the tasks chosen and the means to rate
successful completion should be fully documented by the Training
Director.
The content of the written test or of the skill demonstration
shall be relevant to the objectives of the course. The written test
and skill demonstration should be updated as necessary to reflect
changes in the curriculum and any update should be approved by the
Training Director.
The proficiency assessment methods, regardless of the approach
or combination of approaches used, should be justified, documented
and approved by the Training Director.
The proficiency of those taking the additional courses for
supervisors should be evaluated and documented by using proficiency
assessment methods acceptable to the Training Director. These
proficiency assessment methods must reflect the additional
responsibilities borne by supervisory personnel in hazardous waste
operations or emergency response.
8. Course certificate. Written documentation should be provided
to each student who satisfactorily completes the training course.
The documentation should include:
a. Student's name.
b. Course title.
c. Course date.
d. Statement that the student has successfully completed the
course.
e. Name and address of the training provider.
f. An individual identification number for the certificate.
g. List of the levels of personal protective equipment used by
the student to complete the course.
This documentation may include a certificate and an appropriate
wallet-sized laminated card with a photograph of the student and the
above information. When such course certificate cards are used, the
individual identification number for the training certificate should
be shown on the card.
9. Recordkeeping. Training providers should maintain records
listing the dates courses were presented, the names of the
individual course attenders, the names of those students
successfully completing each course, and the number of training
certificates issued to each successful student. These records should
be maintained for a minimum of five years after the date an
individual participated in a training program offered by the
training provider. These records should be available and provided
upon the student's request or as mandated by law.
10. Program quality control. The Training Director should
conduct or direct an annual written audit of the training program.
Program modifications to address deficiencies, if any, should be
documented, approved, and implemented by the training provider. The
audit and the program modification documents should be maintained at
the training facility.
Suggested Program Quality Control Criteria
Factors listed here are suggested criteria for determining the
quality and appropriateness of employee health and safety training
for hazardous waste operations and emergency response.
A. Training Plan.
Adequacy and appropriateness of the training program's
curriculum development, instructor training, distribution of course
materials, and direct student training should be considered,
including
1. The duration of training, course content, and course
schedules/agendas;
2. The different training requirements of the various target
populations, as specified in the appropriate generic training
curriculum;
3. The process for the development of curriculum, which includes
appropriate technical input, outside review, evaluation, program
pretesting.
4. The adequate and appropriate inclusion of hands-on,
demonstration, and instruction methods;
5. Adequate monitoring of student safety, progress, and
performance during the training.
B. Program management, Training Director, staff, and
consultants.
Adequacy and appropriateness of staff performance and delivering
an effective training program should be considered, including
1. Demonstration of the training director's leadership in
assuring quality of health and safety training.
2. Demonstration of the competency of the staff to meet the
demands of delivering high quality hazardous waste employee health
and safety training.
3. Organization charts establishing clear lines of authority.
4. Clearly defined staff duties including the relationship of
the training staff to the overall program.
5. Evidence that the training organizational structure suits the
needs of the training program.
6. Appropriateness and adequacy of the training methods used by
the instructors.
7. Sufficiency of the time committed by the training director
and staff to the training program.
8. Adequacy of the ratio of training staff to students.
9. Availability and commitment of the training program of
adequate human and equipment resources in the areas of
a. Health effects,
b. Safety,
c. Personal protective equipment (PPE),
d. Operational procedures,
e. Employee protection practices/procedures.
10. Appropriateness of management controls.
11. Adequacy of the organization and appropriate resources
assigned to assure appropriate training.
12. In the case of multiple-site training programs, adequacy of
satellite centers management.
C. Training facilities and resources.
Adequacy and appropriateness of the facilities and resources for
supporting the training program should be considered, including,
1. Space and equipment to conduct the training.
2. Facilities for representative hands-on training.
3. In the case of multiple-site programs, equipment and
facilities at the satellite centers.
4. Adequacy and appropriateness of the quality control and
evaluations program to account for instructor performance.
5. Adequacy and appropriateness of the quality control and
evaluation program to ensure appropriate course evaluation,
feedback, updating, and corrective action.
6. Adequacy and appropriateness of disciplines and expertise
being used within the quality control and evaluation program.
7. Adequacy and appropriateness of the role of student
evaluations to provide feedback for training program improvement.
D. Quality control and evaluation.
Adequacy and appropriateness of quality control and evaluation
plans for training programs should be considered, including:
1. A balanced advisory committee and/or competent outside
reviewers to give overall policy guidance;
2. Clear and adequate definition of the composition and active
programmatic role of the advisory committee or outside reviewers.
3. Adequacy of the minutes or reports of the advisory committee
or outside reviewers' meetings or written communication.
4. Adequacy and appropriateness of the quality control and
evaluations program to account for instructor performance.
5. Adequacy and appropriateness of the quality control and
evaluation program to ensure appropriate course evaluation,
feedback, updating, and corrective action.
6. Adequacy and appropriateness of disciplines and expertise
being used within the quality control and evaluation program.
7. Adequacy and appropriateness of the role of student
evaluations to provide feedback for training program improvement.
E. Students
Adequacy and appropriateness of the program for accepting
students should be considered, including
1. Assurance that the student already possess the necessary
skills for their job, including necessary documentation.
2. Appropriateness of methods the program uses to ensure that
recruits are capable of satisfactorily completing training.
3. Review and compliance with any medical clearance policy.
F. Institutional Environment and Administrative Support
The adequacy and appropriateness of the institutional
environment and administrative support system for the training
program should be considered, including
1. Adequacy of the institutional commitment to the employee
training program.
2. Adequacy and appropriateness of the administrative structure
and administrative support.
G. Summary of Evaluation Questions
Key questions for evaluating the quality and appropriateness of
an overall training program should include the following:
1. Are the program objectives clearly stated?
2. Is the program accomplishing its objectives?
3. Are appropriate facilities and staff available?
4. Is there an appropriate mix of classroom, demonstration, and
hands-on training?
5. Is the program providing quality employee health and safety
training that fully meets the intent of regulatory requirements?
6. What are the program's main strengths?
7. What are the program's main weaknesses?
8. What is recommended to improve the program?
9. Are instructors instructing according to their training
outlines?
10. Is the evaluation tool current and appropriate for the
program content?
11. Is the course material current and relevant to the target
group?
Suggested Training Curriculum Guidelines
The following training curriculum guidelines are for those
operations specifically identified in 29 CFR 1910.120 as requiring
training. Issues such as qualifications of instructors, training
certification, and similar criteria appropriate to all categories of
operations addressed in 1910.120 have been covered in the preceding
section and are not re-addressed in each of the generic guidelines.
Basic core requirements for training programs that are addressed
include
1. General Hazardous Waste Operations
2. RCRA operations--Treatment, storage, and disposal facilities.
3. Emergency Response.
A. General Hazardous Waste Operations and Site-specific Training
1. Off-site training.Training course content for hazardous waste
operations, required by 29 CFR 1910.120(e), should include the
following topics or procedures:
a. Regulatory knowledge.
(1)An review of 29 CFR 1910.120 and the core elements of an
occupational safety and health program.
(2)The content of a medical surveillance program as outlined in
29 CFR 1910.120(f).
(3)The content of an effective site safety and health plan
consistent with the requirements of 29 CFR 1910.120(b)(4)(ii).
(4)Emergency response plan and procedures as outlined in 29 CFR
1910.38 and 29 CFR 1910.120(l).
(5)Adequate illumination.
(6)Sanitation recommendation and equipment.
(7)Review and explanation of OSHA's hazard-communication
standard (29 CFR 1910.1200) and lock-out-tag-out standard (29 CFR
1910.147).
(8)Review of other applicable standards including but not
limited to those in the construction standards (29 CFR Part 1926).
(9)Rights and responsibilities of employers and employees under
applicable OSHA and EPA laws.
b. Technical knowledge.
(1)Type of potential exposures to chemical, biological, and
radiological hazards; types of human responses to these hazards and
recognition of those responses; principles of toxicology and
information about acute and chronic hazards; health and safety
considerations of new technology.
(2)Fundamentals of chemical hazards including but not limited to
vapor pressure, boiling points, flash points, ph, other physical and
chemical properties.
(3)Fire and explosion hazards of chemicals.
(4)General safety hazards such as but not limited to electrical
hazards, powered equipment hazards, motor vehicle hazards, walking-
working surface hazards, excavation hazards, and hazards associated
with working in hot and cold temperature extremes.
(5)Review and knowledge of confined space entry procedures in 29
CFR 1910.146.
(6)Work practices to minimize employee risk from site hazards.
(7)Safe use of engineering controls, equipment, and any new
relevant safety technology or safety procedures.
(8)Review and demonstration of competency with air sampling and
monitoring equipment that may be used in a site monitoring program.
(9)Container sampling procedures and safeguarding; general drum
and container handling procedures including special requirement for
laboratory waste packs, shock-sensitive wastes, and radioactive
wastes.
(10)The elements of a spill control program.
(11)Proper use and limitations of material handling equipment.
(12)Procedures for safe and healthful preparation of containers
for shipping and transport.
(13)Methods of communication including those used while wearing
respiratory protection.
c. Technical skills.
(1)Selection, use maintenance, and limitations of personal
protective equipment including the components and procedures for
carrying out a respirator program to comply with 29 CFR 1910.134.
(2)Instruction in decontamination programs including personnel,
equipment, and hardware; hands-on training including level A, B, and
C ensembles and appropriate decontamination lines; field activities
including the donning and doffing of protective equipment to a level
commensurate with the employee's anticipated job function and
responsibility and to the degree required by potential hazards.
(3)Sources for additional hazard information; exercises using
relevant manuals and hazard coding systems.
d. Additional suggested items.
(1)A laminated, dated card or certificate with photo, denoting
limitations and level of protection for which the employee is
trained should be issued to those students successfully completing a
course.
(2)Attendance should be required at all training modules, with
successful completion of exercises and a final written or oral
examination with at least 50 questions.
(3)A minimum of one-third of the program should be devoted to
hands-on exercises.
(4)A curriculum should be established for the 8-hour refresher
training required by 29 CFR 1910.120(e)(8), with delivery of such
courses directed toward those areas of previous training that need
improvement or reemphasis.
(5)A curriculum should be established for the required 8-hour
training for supervisors. Demonstrated competency in the skills and
knowledge provided in a 40-hour course should be a prerequisite for
supervisor training.
2. Refresher training.
The 8-hour annual refresher training required in 29 CFR
1910.120(e)(8) should be conducted by qualified training providers.
Refresher training should include at a minimum the following topics
and procedures:
(a)Review of and retraining on relevant topics covered in the
40-hour program, as appropriate, using reports by the students on
their work experiences.
(b)Update on developments with respect to material covered in
the 40-hour course.
(c)Review of changes to pertinent provisions of EPA or OSHA
standards or laws.
(d)Introduction of additional subject areas as appropriate.
(e)Hands-on review of new or altered PPE or decontamination
equipment or procedures. Review of new developments in personal
protective equipment.
(f)Review of newly developed air and contaminant monitoring
equipment.
3. On-site training.
a. The employer should provide employees engaged in hazardous
waste site activities with information and training prior to initial
assignment into their work area, as follows:
(1) The requirements of the hazard communication program
including the location and availability of the written program,
required lists of hazardous chemicals, and material safety data
sheets.
(2) Activities and locations in their work area where hazardous
substance may be present.
(3) Methods and observations that may be used to detect the
present or release of a hazardous chemical in the work area (such as
monitoring conducted by the employer, continuous monitoring devices,
visual appearances, or other evidence (sight, sound or smell) of
hazardous chemicals being released, and applicable alarms from
monitoring devices that record chemical releases.
(4) The physical and health hazards of substances known or
potentially present in the work area.
(5) The measures employees can take to help protect themselves
from work-site hazards, including specific procedures the employer
has implemented.
(6) An explanation of the labeling system and material safety
data sheets and how employees can obtain and use appropriate hazard
information.
(7) The elements of the confined space program including special
PPE, permits, monitoring requirements, communication procedures,
emergency response, and applicable lock-out procedures.
b. The employer should provide hazardous waste employees
information and training and should provide a review and access to
the site safety and plan as follows:
(1) Names of personnel and alternate responsible for site safety
and health.
(2) Safety and health hazards present on the site.
(3) Selection, use, maintenance, and limitations of personal
protective equipment specific to the site.
(4) Work practices by which the employee can minimize risks from
hazards.
(5) Safe use of engineering controls and equipment available on
site.
(6) Safe decontamination procedures established to minimize
employee contact with hazardous substances, including:
(A) Employee decontamination,
(B) Clothing decontamination, and
(C) Equipment decontamination.
(7) Elements of the site emergency response plan, including:
(A) Pre-emergency planning.
(B) Personnel roles and lines of authority and communication.
(C) Emergency recognition and prevention.
(D) Safe distances and places of refuge.
(E) Site security and control.
(F) Evacuation routes and procedures.
(G) Decontamination procedures not covered by the site safety
and health plan.
(H) Emergency medical treatment and first aid.
(I) Emergency equipment and procedures for handling emergency
incidents.
c. The employer should provide hazardous waste employees
information and training on personal protective equipment used at
the site, such as the following:
(1) PPE to be used based upon known or anticipated site hazards.
(2) PPE limitations of materials and construction; limitations
during temperature extremes, heat stress, and other appropriate
medical considerations; use and limitations of respirator equipment
as well as documentation procedures as outlined in 29 CFR 1910.134.
(3) PPE inspection procedures prior to, during, and after use.
(4) PPE donning and doffing procedures.
(5) PPE decontamination and disposal procedures.
(6) PPE maintenance and storage.
(7) Task duration as related to PPE limitations.
d. The employer should instruct the employee about the site
medical surveillance program relative to the particular site,
including
(1) Specific medical surveillance programs that have been
adapted for the site.
(2) Specific signs and symptoms related to exposure to hazardous
materials on the site.
(3) The frequency and extent of periodic medical examinations
that will be used on the site.
(4) Maintenance and availability of records.
(5) Personnel to be contacted and procedures to be followed when
signs and symptoms of exposures are recognized.
e. The employees will review and discuss the site safety plan as
part of the training program. The location of the site safety plan
and all written programs should be discussed with employees
including a discussion of the mechanisms for access, review, and
references described.
B. RCRA Operations Training for Treatment, Storage and Disposal
Facilities.
1. As a minimum, the training course required in 29 CFR 1910.120
(p) should include the following topics:
(a) Review of the applicable paragraphs of 29 CFR 1910.120 and
the elements of the employer's occupational safety and health plan.
(b) Review of relevant hazards such as, but not limited to,
chemical, biological, and radiological exposures; fire and explosion
hazards; thermal extremes; and physical hazards.
(c) General safety hazards including those associated with
electrical hazards, powered equipment hazards, lock-out-tag-out
procedures, motor vehicle hazards and walking-working surface
hazards.
(d) Confined-space hazards and procedures.
(e) Work practices to minimize employee risk from workplace
hazards.
(f) Emergency response plan and procedures including first aid
meeting the requirements of paragraph (p)(8).
(g) A review of procedures to minimize exposure to hazardous
waste and various type of waste streams, including the materials
handling program and spill containment program.
(h) A review of hazard communication programs meeting the
requirements of 29 CFR 1910.1200.
(i) A review of medical surveillance programs meeting the
requirements of 29 CFR 1910.120(p)(3) including the recognition of
signs and symptoms of overexposure to hazardous substance including
known synergistic interactions.
(j) A review of decontamination programs and procedures meeting
the requirements of 29 CFR 1910.120(p)(4).
(k) A review of an employer's requirements to implement a
training program and its elements.
(l) A review of the criteria and programs for proper selection
and use of personal protective equipment, including respirators.
(m) A review of the applicable appendices to 29 CFR 1910.120.
(n) Principles of toxicology and biological monitoring as they
pertain to occupational health.
(o) Rights and responsibilities of employees and employers under
applicable OSHA and EPA laws.
(p) Hands-on exercises and demonstrations of competency with
equipment to illustrate the basic equipment principles that may be
used during the performance of work duties, including the donning
and doffing of PPE.
(q) Sources of reference, efficient use of relevant manuals, and
knowledge of hazard coding systems to include information contained
in hazardous waste manifests.
(r) At least 8 hours of hands-on training.
(s) Training in the job skills required for an employee's job
function and responsibility before they are permitted to participate
in or supervise field activities.
2. The individual employer should provide hazardous waste
employees with information and training prior to an employee's
initial assignment into a work area. The training and information
should cover the following topics:
(a) The Emergency response plan and procedures including first
aid.
(b) A review of the employer's hazardous waste handling
procedures including the materials handling program and elements of
the spill containment program, location of spill response kits or
equipment, and the names of those trained to respond to releases.
(c) The hazardous communication program meeting the requirements
of 29 CFR 1910.1200.
(d) A review of the employer's medical surveillance program
including the recognition of signs and symptoms of exposure to
relevant hazardous substance including known synergistic
interactions.
(e) A review of the employer's decontamination program and
procedures.
(f) An review of the employer's training program and the parties
responsible for that program.
(g) A review of the employer's personal protective equipment
program including the proper selection and use of PPE based upon
specific site hazards.
(h) All relevant site-specific procedures addressing potential
safety and health hazards. This may include, as appropriate,
biological and radiological exposures, fire and explosion hazards,
thermal hazards, and physical hazards such as electrical hazards,
powered equipment hazards, lock-out-tag-out hazards, motor vehicle
hazards, and walking-working surface hazards.
(i) Safe use engineering controls and equipment on site.
(j) Names of personnel and alternates responsible for safety and
health.
C. Emergency response training.
Federal OSHA standards in 29 CFR 1910.120(q) are directed toward
private sector emergency responders. Therefore, the guidelines
provided in this portion of the appendix are directed toward that
employee population. However, they also impact indirectly through
State OSHA or USEPA regulations some public sector emergency
responders. Therefore, the guidelines provided in this portion of
the appendix may be applied to both employee populations.
States with OSHA state plans must cover their employees with
regulations at least as effective as the Federal OSHA standards.
Public employees in states without approved state OSHA programs
covering hazardous waste operations and emergency response are
covered by the U.S. EPA under 40 CFR 311, a regulation virtually
identical to Sec. 1910.120.
Since this is a non-mandatory appendix and therefore not an
enforceable standard, OSHA recommends that those employers,
employees or volunteers in public sector emergency response
organizations outside Federal OSHA jurisdiction consider the
following criteria in developing their own training programs. A
unified approach to training at the community level between
emergency response organizations covered by Federal OSHA and those
not covered directly by Federal OSHA can help ensure an effective
community response to the release or potential release of hazardous
substances in the community.
a. General considerations.
Emergency response organizations are required to consider the
topics listed in Sec. 1910.120(q)(6). Emergency response
organizations may use some or all of the following topics to
supplement those mandatory topics when developing their response
training programs. Many of the topics would require an interaction
between the response provider and the individuals responsible for
the site where the response would be expected.
(1) Hazard recognition, including:
(A) Nature of hazardous substances present,
(B) Practical applications of hazard recognition, including
presentations on biology, chemistry, and physics.
(2) Principles of toxicology, biological monitoring, and risk
assessment.
(3) Safe work practices and general site safety.
(4) Engineering controls and hazardous waste operations.
(5) Site safety plans and standard operating procedures.
(6) Decontamination procedures and practices.
(7) Emergency procedures, first aid, and self-rescue.
(8) Safe use of field equipment.
(9) Storage, handling, use and transportation of hazardous
substances.
(10) Use, care, and limitations of personal protective
equipment.
(11) Safe sampling techniques.
(12) Rights and responsibilities of employees under OSHA and
other related laws concerning right-to-know, safety and health,
compensations and liability.
(13) Medical monitoring requirements.
(14) Community relations.
b. Suggested criteria for specific courses.
(1) First responder awareness level.
(A) Review of and demonstration of competency in performing the
applicable skills of 29 CFR 1910.120(q).
(B) Hands-on experience with the U.S. Department of
Transportation's Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG) and
familiarization with OSHA standard 29 CFR 1910.1201.
(C) Review of the principles and practices for analyzing an
incident to determine both the hazardous substances present and the
basic hazard and response information for each hazardous substance
present.
(D) Review of procedures for implementing actions consistent
with the local emergency response plan, the organization's standard
operating procedures, and the current edition of DOT's ERG including
emergency notification procedures and follow-up communications.
(E) Review of the expected hazards including fire and explosions
hazards, confined space hazards, electrical hazards, powered
equipment hazards, motor vehicle hazards, and walking-working
surface hazards.
(F) Awareness and knowledge of the competencies for the First
Responder at the Awareness Level covered in the National Fire
Protection Association's Standard No. 472, Professional Competence
of Responders to Hazardous Materials Incidents.
(2) First responder operations level.
(A) Review of and demonstration of competency in performing the
applicable skills of 29 CFR 1910.120(q).
(B) Hands-on experience with the U.S. Department of
Transportation's Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG), manufacturer
material safety data sheets, CHEMTREC/CANUTEC, shipper or
manufacturer contacts, and other relevant sources of information
addressing hazardous substance releases. Familiarization with OSHA
standard 29 CFR 1910.1201.
(C) Review of the principles and practices for analyzing an
incident to determine the hazardous substances present, the likely
behavior of the hazardous substance and its container, the types of
hazardous substance transportation containers and vehicles, the
types and selection of the appropriate defensive strategy for
containing the release.
(D) Review of procedures for implementing continuing response
actions consistent with the local emergency response plan, the
organization's standard operating procedures, and the current
edition of DOT's ERG including extended emergency notification
procedures and follow-up communications.
(E) Review of the principles and practice for proper selection
and use of personal protective equipment.
(F) Review of the principles and practice of personnel and
equipment decontamination.
(G) Review of the expected hazards including fire and explosions
hazards, confined space hazards, electrical hazards, powered
equipment hazards, motor vehicle hazards, and walking-working
surface hazards.
(H) Awareness and knowledge of the competencies for the First
Responder at the Operations Level covered in the National Fire
Protection Association's Standard No. 472, Professional Competence
of Responders to Hazardous Materials Incidents.
(3) Hazardous materials technician.
(A) Review of and demonstration of competency in performing the
applicable skills of 29 CFR 1910.120(q).
(B) Hands-on experience with written and electronic information
relative to response decision making including but not limited to
the U.S. Department of Transportation's Emergency Response Guidebook
(ERG), manufacturer material safety data sheets, CHEMTREC/CANUTEC,
shipper or manufacturer contacts, computer data bases and response
models, and other relevant sources of information addressing
hazardous substance releases. Familiarization with OSHA standard 29
CFR 1910.1201.
(C) Review of the principles and practices for analyzing an
incident to determine the hazardous substances present, their
physical and chemical properties, the likely behavior of the
hazardous substance and its container, the types of hazardous
substance transportation containers and vehicles involved in the
release, the appropriate strategy for approaching release sites and
containing the release.
(D) Review of procedures for implementing continuing response
actions consistent with the local emergency response plan, the
organization's standard operating procedures, and the current
edition of DOT's ERG including extended emergency notification
procedures and follow-up communications.
(E) Review of the principles and practice for proper selection
and use of personal protective equipment.
(F) Review of the principles and practices of establishing
exposure zones, proper decontamination and medical surveillance
stations and procedures.
(G) Review of the expected hazards including fire and explosions
hazards, confined space hazards, electrical hazards, powered
equipment hazards, motor vehicle hazards, and walking-working
surface hazards.
(H) Awareness and knowledge of the competencies for the
Hazardous Materials Technician covered in the National Fire
Protection Association's Standard No. 472, Professional Competence
of Responders to Hazardous Materials Incidents.
(4) Hazardous materials specialist.
(A) Review of and demonstration of competency in performing the
applicable skills of 29 CFR 1910.120(q).
(B) Hands-on experience with retrieval and use of written and
electronic information relative to response decision making
including but not limited to the U.S. Department of Transportation's
Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG), manufacturer material safety
data sheets, CHEMTREC/CANUTEC, shipper or manufacturer contacts,
computer data bases and response models, and other relevant sources
of information addressing hazardous substance releases.
Familiarization with OSHA standard 29 CFR 1910.1201.
(C) Review of the principles and practices for analyzing an
incident to determine the hazardous substances present, their
physical and chemical properties, and the likely behavior of the
hazardous substance and its container, vessel, or vehicle.
(D) Review of the principles and practices for identification of
the types of hazardous substance transportation containers, vessels
and vehicles involved in the release; selecting and using the
various types of equipment available for plugging or patching
transportation containers, vessels or vehicles; organizing and
directing the use of multiple teams of hazardous material
technicians and selecting the appropriate strategy for approaching
release sites and containing or stopping the release.
(E) Review of procedures for implementing continuing response
actions consistent with the local emergency response plan, the
organization's standard operating procedures, including knowledge of
the available public and private response resources, establishment
of an incident command post, direction of hazardous material
technician teams, and extended emergency notification procedures and
follow-up communications.
(F) Review of the principles and practice for proper selection
and use of personal protective equipment.
(G) Review of the principles and practices of establishing
exposure zones and proper decontamination, monitoring and medical
surveillance stations and procedures.
(H) Review of the expected hazards including fire and explosions
hazards, confined space hazards, electrical hazards, powered
equipment hazards, motor vehicle hazards, and walking-working
surface hazards.
(I) Awareness and knowledge of the competencies for the Off-site
Specialist Employee covered in the National Fire Protection
Association's Standard No. 472, Professional Competence of
Responders to Hazardous Materials Incidents.
(5) Incident commander.
The incident commander is the individual who, at any one time,
is responsible for and in control of the response effort. This
individual is the person responsible for the direction and
coordination of the response effort. An incident commander's
position should be occupied by the most senior, appropriately
trained individual present at the response site. Yet, as necessary
and appropriate by the level of response provided, the position may
be occupied by many individuals during a particular response as the
need for greater authority, responsibility, or training increases.
It is possible for the first responder at the awareness level to
assume the duties of incident commander until a more senior and
appropriately trained individual arrives at the response site.
Therefore, any emergency responder expected to perform as an
incident commander should be trained to fulfill the obligations of
the position at the level of response they will be providing
including the following:
(A) Ability to analyze a hazardous substance incident to
determine the magnitude of the response problem.
(B) Ability to plan and implement an appropriate response plan
within the capabilities of available personnel and equipment.
(C) Ability to implement a response to favorably change the
outcome of the incident in a manner consistent with the local
emergency response plan and the organization's standard operating
procedures.
(D) Ability to evaluate the progress of the emergency response
to ensure that the response objectives are being met safely,
effectively, and efficiently.
(E) Ability to adjust the response plan to the conditions of the
response and to notify higher levels of response when required by
the changes to the response plan.
PART 1926--CONSTRUCTION SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS
4. The authority citation for Subpart D of Part 1926 is revised to
read as follows:
Authority: Sec. 107, Contract Work Hours and Safety Standards
Act (40 U.S.C. 333); secs. 4, 6, and 8, Occupational Safety and
Health Act of 1970 (29 U.S.C. 653, 655, 657); Secretary of Labor's
Order No. 12-71 (36 FR 8754), 8-76 (41 FR 25059), 9-83 (48 FR
35736), or 1-90 (55 FR 9033), as applicable.
Sections 1926.58, 1926.59, 1926.60, and 1926.65 also issued
under 5 U.S.C. 553 and 29 CFR part 1911.
Section 1926.62 issued under sec. 1031 of the Housing and
Community Development Act of 1992 (sec. 1031, title X, 106 Stat.
3924 (42 U.S.C. 4853).
Section 1926.65 also issued under Sec. 126, Superfund Amendments
and Reauthorization Act of 1986 as amended (29 U.S.C. 655 note), 5
U.S.C. 553, and 29 CFR part 1911.
5. The last two paragraphs of Appendix B to Sec. 1926.65--General
Description and Discussion of the Levels of Protection and Protective
Gear are revised to read as follows:
Appendix B to Sec. 1926.65--General Description and Discussion of the
Levels of Protection and Protective Gear * * *
Note: * * *
As an aid in selecting suitable chemical protective clothing, it
should be noted that the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)
has developed standards on chemical protective clothing. The
standards that have been adopted by include:
NFPA 1991--Standard on Vapor-Protective Suits for Hazardous
Chemical Emergencies (EPA Level A Protective Clothing).
NFPA 1992--Standard on Liquid Splash-Protective Suits for
Hazardous Chemical Emergencies (EPA Level B Protective Clothing).
NFPA 1993--Standard on Liquid Splash-Protective Suits for Non-
emergency, Non-flammable Hazardous Chemical Situations (EPA Level B
Protective Clothing).
These standards apply documentation and performance requirements
to the manufacture of chemical protective suits. Chemical protective
suits meeting these requirements are labelled as compliant with the
appropriate standard. It is recommended that chemical protective
suits that meet these standards be used.
6. A new non-mandatory appendix is added to 29 CFR 1926.65 to read
as follows:
Appendix to Sec. 1926.65--Training Curriculum Guidelines
The following non-mandatory general criteria may be used for
assistance in developing site-specific training curriculum used to
meet the training requirements of 29 CFR 1926.65(e); 29 CFR
1926.65(p)(7), (p)(8)(iii); and 29 CFR 1926.65(q)(6), (q)(7), and
(q)(8). These are generic guidelines and they are not presented as a
complete training curriculum for any specific employer. Site-
specific training programs must be developed on the basis of a needs
assessment of the hazardous waste site, RCRA/TSDF, or emergency
response operation in accordance with 29 CFR 1926.65.
It is noted that the legal requirements are set forth in the
regulatory text of Sec. 1926.65. The guidance set forth here
presents a highly effective program that in the areas covered would
meet or exceed the regulatory requirements. In addition, other
approaches could meet the regulatory requirements.
Suggested General Criteria
Definitions:
``Competent'' means possessing the skills, knowledge,
experience, and judgment to perform assigned tasks or activities
satisfactorily as determined by the employer.
``Demonstration'' means the showing by actual use of equipment
or procedures.
``Hands-on training'' means training in a simulated work
environment that permits each student to have experience performing
tasks, making decisions, or using equipment appropriate to the job
assignment for which the training is being conducted.
``Initial training'' means training required prior to beginning
work.
``Lecture'' means an interactive discourse with a class lead by
an instructor.
``Proficient'' means meeting a stated level of achievement.
``Site-specific'' means individual training directed to the
operations of a specific job site.
``Training hours'' means the number of hours devoted to lecture,
learning activities, small group work sessions, demonstration,
evaluations, or hands-on experience.
Suggested Core Criteria:
1. Training facility. The training facility should have
available sufficient resources, equipment, and site locations to
perform didactic and hands-on training when appropriate. Training
facilities should have sufficient organization, support staff, and
services to conduct training in each of the courses offered.
2. Training Director. Each training program should be under the
direction of a training director who is responsible for the program.
The Training Director should have a minimum of two years of employee
education experience.
3. Instructors. Instructors should be deem competent on the
basis of previous documented experience in their area of
instruction, successful completion of a ``train-the-trainer''
program specific to the topics they will teach, and an evaluation of
instructional competence by the Training Director.
Instructors should be required to maintain professional
competency by participating in continuing education or professional
development programs or by completing successfully an annual
refresher course and having an annual review by the Training
Director.
The annual review by the Training Director should include
observation of an instructor's delivery, a review of those
observations with the trainer, and an analysis of any instructor or
class evaluations completed by the students during the previous
year.
4. Course materials. The Training Director should approve all
course materials to be used by the training provider. Course
materials should be reviewed and updated at least annually.
Materials and equipment should be in good working order and
maintained properly.
All written and audio-visual materials in training curricula
should be peer reviewed by technically competent outside reviewers
or by a standing advisory committee.
Reviews should possess expertise in the following disciplines
were applicable: occupational health, industrial hygiene and safety,
chemical/environmental engineering, employee education, or emergency
response. One or more of the peer reviewers should be a employee
experienced in the work activities to which the training is
directed.
5. Students. The program for accepting students should include:
a. Assurance that the student is or will be involved in work
where chemical exposures are likely and that the student possesses
the skills necessary to perform the work.
b. A policy on the necessary medical clearance.
6. Ratios. Student-instructor ratios should not exceed 30
students per instructor. Hands-on activity requiring the use of
personal protective equipment should have the following student-
instructor ratios. For Level C or Level D personal protective
equipment the ratio should be 10 students per instructor. For Level
A or Level B personal protective equipment the ratio should be 5
students per instructor.
7. Proficiency assessment. Proficiency should be evaluated and
documented by the use of a written assessment and a skill
demonstration selected and developed by the Training Director and
training staff. The assessment and demonstration should evaluate the
knowledge and individual skills developed in the course of training.
The level of minimum achievement necessary for proficiency shall be
specified in writing by the Training Director.
If a written test is used, there should be a minimum of 50
questions. If a written test is used in combination with a skills
demonstration, a minimum of 25 questions should be used. If a skills
demonstration is used, the tasks chosen and the means to rate
successful completion should be fully documented by the Training
Director.
The content of the written test or of the skill demonstration
shall be relevant to the objectives of the course. The written test
and skill demonstration should be updated as necessary to reflect
changes in the curriculum and any update should be approved by the
Training Director.
The proficiency assessment methods, regardless of the approach
or combination of approaches used, should be justified, document and
approved by the Training Director.
The proficiency of those taking the additional courses for
supervisors should be evaluated and document by using proficiency
assessment methods acceptable to the Training Director. These
proficiency assessment methods must reflect the additional
responsibilities borne by supervisory personnel in hazardous waste
operations or emergency response.
8. Course certificate. Written documentation should be provided
to each student who satisfactorily completes the training course.
The documentation should include:
a. Student's name.
b. Course title.
c. Course date.
d. Statement that the student has successfully completed the
course.
e. Name and address of the training provider.
f. An individual identification number for the certificate.
g. List of the levels of personal protective equipment used by
the student to complete the course.
This documentation may include a certificate and an appropriate
wallet-sized laminated card with a photograph of the student and the
above information. When such course certificate cards are used, the
individual identification number for the training certificate should
be shown on the card.
9. Recordkeeping. Training providers should maintain records
listing the dates courses were presented, the names of the
individual course attenders, the names of those students
successfully completing each course, and the number of training
certificates issued to each successful student. These records should
be maintained for a minimum of five years after the date an
individual participated in a training program offered by the
training provider. These records should be available and provided
upon the student's request or as mandated by law.
10. Program quality control. The Training Director should
conduct or direct an annual written audit of the training program.
Program modifications to address deficiencies, if any, should be
documented, approved, and implemented by the training provider. The
audit and the program modification documents should be maintained at
the training facility.
Suggested Program Quality Control Criteria
Factors listed here are suggested criteria for determining the
quality and appropriateness of employee health and safety training
for hazardous waste operations and emergency response.
A. Training Plan.
Adequacy and appropriateness of the training program's
curriculum development, instructor training, distribution of course
materials, and direct student training should be considered,
including
1. The duration of training, course content, and course
schedules/agendas;
2. The different training requirements of the various target
populations, as specified in the appropriate generic training
curriculum;
3. The process for the development of curriculum, which includes
appropriate technical input, outside review, evaluation, program
pretesting.
4. The adequate and appropriate inclusion of hands-on,
demonstration, and instruction methods;
5. Adequate monitoring of student safety, progress, and
performance during the training.
B. Program management, Training Director, staff, and
consultants.
Adequacy and appropriateness of staff performance and delivering
an effective training program should be considered, including
1. Demonstration of the training director's leadership in
assuring quality of health and safety training.
2. Demonstration of the competency of the staff to meet the
demands of delivering high quality hazardous waste employee health
and safety training.
3. Organization charts establishing clear lines of authority.
4. Clearly defined staff duties including the relationship of
the training staff to the overall program.
5. Evidence that the training organizational structure suits the
needs of the training program.
6. Appropriateness and adequacy of the training methods used by
the instructors.
7. Sufficiency of the time committed by the training director
and staff to the training program.
8. Adequacy of the ratio of training staff to students.
9. Availability and commitment of the training program of
adequate human and equipment resources in the areas of
a. Health effects,
b. Safety,
c. Personal protective equipment (PPE),
d. Operational procedures,
e. Employee protection practices/procedures.
10. Appropriateness of management controls.
11. Adequacy of the organization and appropriate resources
assigned to assure appropriate training.
12. In the case of multiple-site training programs, adequacy of
satellite centers management.
C. Training facilities and resources.
Adequacy and appropriateness of the facilities and resources for
supporting the training program should be considered, including,
1. Space and equipment to conduct the training.
2. Facilities for representative hands-on training.
3. In the case of multiple-site programs, equipment and
facilities at the satellite centers.
4. Adequacy and appropriateness of the quality control and
evaluations program to account for instructor performance.
5. Adequacy and appropriateness of the quality control and
evaluation program to ensure appropriate course evaluation,
feedback, updating, and corrective action.
6. Adequacy and appropriateness of disciplines and expertise
being used within the quality control and evaluation program.
7. Adequacy and appropriateness of the role of student
evaluations to provide feedback for training program improvement.
D. Quality control and evaluation.
Adequacy and appropriateness of quality control and evaluation
plans for training programs should be considered, including:
1. A balanced advisory committee and/or competent outside
reviewers to give overall policy guidance;
2. Clear and adequate definition of the composition and active
programmatic role of the advisory committee or outside reviewers.
3. Adequacy of the minutes or reports of the advisory committee
or outside reviewers' meetings or written communication.
4. Adequacy and appropriateness of the quality control and
evaluations program to account for instructor performance.
5. Adequacy and appropriateness of the quality control and
evaluation program to ensure appropriate course evaluation,
feedback, updating, and corrective action.
6. Adequacy and appropriateness of disciplines and expertise
being used within the quality control and evaluation program.
7. Adequacy and appropriateness of the role of student
evaluations to provide feedback for training program improvement.
E. Students
Adequacy and appropriateness of the program for accepting
students should be considered, including
1. Assurance that the student already possess the necessary
skills for their job, including necessary documentation.
2. Appropriateness of methods the program uses to ensure that
recruits are capable of satisfactorily completing training.
3. Review and compliance with any medical clearance policy.
F. Institutional Environment and Administrative Support
The adequacy and appropriateness of the institutional
environment and administrative support system for the training
program should be considered, including
1. Adequacy of the institutional commitment to the employee
training program.
2. Adequacy and appropriateness of the administrative structure
and administrative support.
G. Summary of Evaluation Questions
Key questions for evaluating the quality and appropriateness of
an overall training program should include the following:
1. Are the program objectives clearly stated?
2. Is the program accomplishing its objectives?
3. Are appropriate facilities and staff available?
4. Is there an appropriate mix of classroom, demonstration, and
hands-on training?
5. Is the program providing quality employee health and safety
training that fully meets the intent of regulatory requirements?
6. What are the program's main strengths?
7. What are the program's main weaknesses?
8. What is recommended to improve the program?
9. Are instructors instructing according to their training
outlines?
10. Is the evaluation tool current and appropriate for the
program content?
11. Is the course material current and relevant to the target
group?
Suggested Training Curriculum Guidelines
The following training curriculum guidelines are for those
operations specifically identified in 29 CFR 1926.65 as requiring
training. Issues such as qualifications of instructors, training
certification, and similar criteria appropriate to all categories of
operations addressed in 1926.65 have been covered in the preceding
section and are not re-addressed in each of the generic guidelines.
Basic core requirements for training programs that are addressed
include
1. General Hazardous Waste Operations
2. RCRA operations--Treatment, storage, and disposal facilities.
3. Emergency Response.
A. General Hazardous Waste Operations and Site-specific Training
1. Off-site training.
Minimum training course content for hazardous waste operations,
required by 29 CFR 1926.65(e), should include the following topics
or procedures:
a. Regulatory knowledge.
(1) A review of 29 CFR 1926.65 and the core elements of an
occupational safety and health program.
(2) The content of a medical surveillance program as outlined in
29 CFR 1926.65(f).
(3) The content of an effective site safety and health plan
consistent with the requirements of 29 CFR 1926.65(b)(4)(ii).
(4) Emergency response plan and procedures as outlined in 29 CFR
1910.38 and 29 CFR 1926.65(l).
(5) Adequate illumination.
(6) Sanitation recommendation and equipment.
(7) Review and explanation of OSHA's hazard-communication
standard (29 CFR 1910.1200) and lock-out-tag-out standard (29 CFR
1910.147).
(8) Review of other applicable standards including but not
limited to those in the construction standards (29 CFR Part 1926).
(9) Rights and responsibilities of employers and employees under
applicable OSHA and EPA laws.
b. Technical knowledge.
(1) Type of potential exposures to chemical, biological, and
radiological hazards; types of human responses to these hazards and
recognition of those responses; principles of toxicology and
information about acute and chronic hazards; health and safety
considerations of new technology.
(2) Fundamentals of chemical hazards including but not limited
to vapor pressure, boiling points, flash points, ph, other physical
and chemical properties.
(3) Fire and explosion hazards of chemicals.
(4) General safety hazards such as but not limited to electrical
hazards, powered equipment hazards, motor vehicle hazards, walking-
working surface hazards, excavation hazards, and hazards associated
with working in hot and cold temperature extremes.
(5) Review and knowledge of confined space entry procedures in
29 CFR 1910.146.
(6) Work practices to minimize employee risk from site hazards.
(7) Safe use of engineering controls, equipment, and any new
relevant safety technology or safety procedures.
(8) Review and demonstration of competency with air sampling and
monitoring equipment that may be used in a site monitoring program.
(9) Container sampling procedures and safeguarding; general drum
and container handling procedures including special requirement for
laboratory waste packs, shock-sensitive wastes, and radioactive
wastes.
(10) The elements of a spill control program.
(11) Proper use and limitations of material handling equipment.
(12) Procedures for safe and healthful preparation of containers
for shipping and transport.
(13) Methods of communication including those used while wearing
respiratory protection.
c. Technical skills.
(1) Selection, use maintenance, and limitations of personal
protective equipment including the components and procedures for
carrying out a respirator program to comply with 29 CFR 1910.134.
(2) Instruction in decontamination programs including personnel,
equipment, and hardware; hands-on training including level A, B, and
C ensembles and appropriate decontamination lines; field activities
including the donning and doffing of protective equipment to a level
commensurate with the employee's anticipated job function and
responsibility and to the degree required by potential hazards.
(3) Sources for additional hazard information; exercises using
relevant manuals and hazard coding systems.
d. Additional suggested items.
(1) A laminated, dated card or certificate with photo, denoting
limitations and level of protection for which the employee is
trained should be issued to those students successfully completing a
course.
(2) Attendance should be required at all training modules, with
successful completion of exercises and a final written or oral
examination with at least 50 questions.
(3) A minimum of one-third of the program should be devoted to
hands-on exercises.
(4) A curriculum should be established for the 8-hour refresher
training required by 29 CFR 1926.65(e)(8), with delivery of such
courses directed toward those areas of previous training that need
improvement or reemphasis.
(5) A curriculum should be established for the required 8-hour
training for supervisors. Demonstrated competency in the skills and
knowledge provided in a 40-hour course should be a prerequisite for
supervisor training.
2. Refresher training.
The 8-hour annual refresher training required in 29 CFR
1926.65(e)(8) should be conducted by qualified training providers.
Refresher training should include at a minimum the following topics
and procedures:
(a) Review of and retraining on relevant topics covered in the
40-hour program, as appropriate, using reports by the students on
their work experiences.
(b) Update on developments with respect to material covered in
the 40-hour course.
(c) Review of changes to pertinent provisions of EPA or OSHA
standards or laws.
(d) Introduction of additional subject areas as appropriate.
(e) Hands-on review of new or altered PPE or decontamination
equipment or procedures. Review of new developments in personal
protective equipment.
(f) Review of newly developed air and contaminant monitoring
equipment.
3. On-site training.
a. The employer should provide employees engaged in hazardous
waste site activities with information and training prior to initial
assignment into their work area, as follows:
(1) The requirements of the hazard communication program
including the location and availability of the written program,
required lists of hazardous chemicals, and material safety data
sheets.
(2) Activities and locations in their work area where hazardous
substance may be present.
(3) Methods and observations that may be used to detect the
present or release of a hazardous chemical in the work area (such as
monitoring conducted by the employer, continuous monitoring devices,
visual appearances, or other evidence (sight, sound or smell) of
hazardous chemicals being released, and applicable alarms from
monitoring devices that record chemical releases.
(4) The physical and health hazards of substances known or
potentially present in the work area.
(5) The measures employees can take to help protect themselves
from work-site hazards, including specific procedures the employer
has implemented.
(6) An explanation of the labeling system and material safety
data sheets and how employees can obtain and use appropriate hazard
information.
(7) The elements of the confined space program including special
PPE, permits, monitoring requirements, communication procedures,
emergency response, and applicable lock-out procedures.
b. The employer should provide hazardous waste employees
information and training and should provide a review and access to
the site safety and plan as follows:
(1) Names of personnel and alternate responsible for site safety
and health.
(2) Safety and health hazards present on the site.
(3) Selection, use, maintenance, and limitations of personal
protective equipment specific to the site.
(4) Work practices by which the employee can minimize risks from
hazards.
(5) Safe use of engineering controls and equipment available on
site.
(6) Safe decontamination procedures established to minimize
employee contact with hazardous substances, including:
(A) Employee decontamination,
(B) Clothing decontamination, and
(C) Equipment decontamination.
(7) Elements of the site emergency response plan, including:
(A) Pre-emergency planning.
(B) Personnel roles and lines of authority and communication.
(C) Emergency recognition and prevention.
(D) Safe distances and places of refuge.
(E) Site security and control.
(F) Evacuation routes and procedures.
(G) Decontamination procedures not covered by the site safety
and health plan.
(H) Emergency medical treatment and first aid.
(I) Emergency equipment and procedures for handling emergency
incidents.
c. The employer should provide hazardous waste employees
information and training on personal protective equipment used at
the site, such as the following:
(1) PPE to be used based upon known or anticipated site hazards.
(2) PPE limitations of materials and construction; limitations
during temperature extremes, heat stress, and other appropriate
medical considerations; use and limitations of respirator equipment
as well as documentation procedures as outlined in 29 CFR 1910.134.
(3) PPE inspection procedures prior to, during, and after use.
(4) PPE donning and doffing procedures.
(5) PPE decontamination and disposal procedures.
(6) PPE maintenance and storage.
(7) Task duration as related to PPE limitations.
d. The employer should instruct the employee about the site
medical surveillance program relative to the particular site,
including
(1) Specific medical surveillance programs that have been
adapted for the site.
(2) Specific signs and symptoms related to exposure to hazardous
materials on the site.
(3) The frequency and extent of periodic medical examinations
that will be used on the site.
(4) Maintenance and availability of records.
(5) Personnel to be contacted and procedures to be followed when
signs and symptoms of exposures are recognized.
e. The employees will review and discuss the site safety plan as
part of the training program. The location of the site safety plan
and all written programs should be discussed with employees
including a discussion of the mechanisms for access, review, and
references described.
B. RCRA Operations Training for Treatment, Storage and Disposal
Facilities.
1. As a minimum, the training course required in 29 CFR 1926.65
(p) should include the following topics:
(a) Review of the applicable paragraphs of 29 CFR 1926.65 and
the elements of the employer's occupational safety and health plan.
(b) Review of relevant hazards such as, but not limited to,
chemical, biological, and radiological exposures; fire and explosion
hazards; thermal extremes; and physical hazards.
(c) General safety hazards including those associated with
electrical hazards, powered equipment hazards, lock-out-tag-out
procedures, motor vehicle hazards and walking-working surface
hazards.
(d) Confined-space hazards and procedures.
(e) Work practices to minimize employee risk from workplace
hazards.
(f) Emergency response plan and procedures including first aid
meeting the requirements of paragraph (p)(8).
(g) A review of procedures to minimize exposure to hazardous
waste and various type of waste streams, including the materials
handling program and spill containment program.
(h) A review of hazard communication programs meeting the
requirements of 29 CFR 1910.1200.
(i) A review of medical surveillance programs meeting the
requirements of 29 CFR 1926.65(p)(3) including the recognition of
signs and symptoms of overexposure to hazardous substance including
known synergistic interactions.
(j) A review of decontamination programs and procedures meeting
the requirements of 29 CFR 1926.65(p)(4).
(k) A review of an employer's requirements to implement a
training program and its elements.
(l) A review of the criteria and programs for proper selection
and use of personal protective equipment, including respirators.
(m) A review of the applicable appendices to 29 CFR 1926.65.
(n) Principles of toxicology and biological monitoring as they
pertain to occupational health.
(o) Rights and responsibilities of employees and employers under
applicable OSHA and EPA laws.
(p) Hands-on exercises and demonstrations of competency with
equipment to illustrate the basic equipment principles that may be
used during the performance of work duties, including the donning
and doffing of PPE.
(q) Sources of reference, efficient use of relevant manuals, and
knowledge of hazard coding systems to include information contained
in hazardous waste manifests.
(r) At least 8 hours of hands-on training.
(s) Training in the job skills required for an employee's job
function and responsibility before they are permitted to participate
in or supervise field activities.
2. The individual employer should provide hazardous waste
employees with information and training prior to an employee's
initial assignment into a work area. The training and information
should cover the following topics:
(a) The Emergency response plan and procedures including first
aid.
(b) A review of the employer's hazardous waste handling
procedures including the materials handling program and elements of
the spill containment program, location of spill response kits or
equipment, and the names of those trained to respond to releases.
(c) The hazardous communication program meeting the requirements
of 29 CFR 1910.1200.
(d) A review of the employer's medical surveillance program
including the recognition of signs and symptoms of exposure to
relevant hazardous substance including known synergistic
interactions.
(e) A review of the employer's decontamination program and
procedures.
(f) An review of the employer's training program and the parties
responsible for that program.
(g) A review of the employer's personal protective equipment
program including the proper selection and use of PPE based upon
specific site hazards.
(h) All relevant site-specific procedures addressing potential
safety and health hazards. This may include, as appropriate,
biological and radiological exposures, fire and explosion hazards,
thermal hazards, and physical hazards such as electrical hazards,
powered equipment hazards, lock-out-tag-out hazards, motor vehicle
hazards, and walking-working surface hazards.
(i) Safe use engineering controls and equipment on site.
(j) Names of personnel and alternates responsible for safety and
health.
C. Emergency response training.
Federal OSHA standards in 29 CFR 1926.65(q) are directed toward
private sector emergency responders. Therefore, the guidelines
provided in this portion of the appendix are directed toward that
employee population. However, they also impact indirectly through
State OSHA or USEPA regulations some public sector emergency
responders. Therefore, the guidelines provided in this portion of
the appendix may be applied to both employee populations.
States with OSHA state plans must cover their employees with
regulations at least as effective as the Federal OSHA standards.
Public employees in states without approved state OSHA programs
covering hazardous waste operations and emergency response are
covered by the U.S. EPA under 40 CFR 311, a regulation virtually
identical to Sec. 1926.65.
Since this is a non-mandatory appendix and therefore not an
enforceable standard, OSHA recommends that those employers,
employees or volunteers in public sector emergency response
organizations outside Federal OSHA jurisdiction consider the
following criteria in developing their own training programs. A
unified approach to training at the community level between
emergency response organizations covered by Federal OSHA and those
not covered directly by Federal OSHA can help ensure an effective
community response to the release or potential release of hazardous
substances in the community.
a. General considerations.
Emergency response organizations are required to consider the
topics listed in Sec. 1926.65(q)(6). Emergency response
organizations may use some or all of the following topics to
supplement those mandatory topics when developing their response
training programs. Many of the topics would require an interaction
between the response provider and the individuals responsible for
the site where the response would be expected.
(1) Hazard recognition, including:
(A) Nature of hazardous substances present,
(B) Practical applications of hazard recognition, including
presentations on biology, chemistry, and physics.
(2) Principles of toxicology, biological monitoring, and risk
assessment.
(3) Safe work practices and general site safety.
(4) Engineering controls and hazardous waste operations.
(5) Site safety plans and standard operating procedures.
(6) Decontamination procedures and practices.
(7) Emergency procedures, first aid, and self-rescue.
(8) Safe use of field equipment.
(9) Storage, handling, use and transportation of hazardous
substances.
(10) Use, care, and limitations of personal protective
equipment.
(11) Safe sampling techniques.
(12) Rights and responsibilities of employees under OSHA and
other related laws concerning right-to-know, safety and health,
compensations and liability.
(13) Medical monitoring requirements.
(14) Community relations.
b. Suggested criteria for specific courses.
(1) First responder awareness level.
(A) Review of and demonstration of competency in performing the
applicable skills of 29 CFR 1926.65(q).
(B) Hands-on experience with the U.S. Department of
Transportation's Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG) and
familiarization with OSHA standard 29 CFR 1926.60.
(C) Review of the principles and practices for analyzing an
incident to determine both the hazardous substances present and the
basic hazard and response information for each hazardous substance
present.
(D) Review of procedures for implementing actions consistent
with the local emergency response plan, the organization's standard
operating procedures, and the current edition of DOT's ERG including
emergency notification procedures and follow-up communications.
(E) Review of the expected hazards including fire and explosions
hazards, confined space hazards, electrical hazards, powered
equipment hazards, motor vehicle hazards, and walking-working
surface hazards.
(F) Awareness and knowledge of the competencies for the First
Responder at the Awareness Level covered in the National Fire
Protection Association's Standard No. 472, Professional Competence
of Responders to Hazardous Materials Incidents.
(2) First responder operations level.
(A) Review of and demonstration of competency in performing the
applicable skills of 29 CFR 1926.65(q).
(B) Hands-on experience with the U.S. Department of
Transportation's Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG), manufacturer
material safety data sheets, CHEMTREC/CANUTEC, shipper or
manufacturer contacts and other relevant sources of information
addressing hazardous substance releases. Familiarization with OSHA
standard 29 CFR 1926.60.
(C) Review of the principles and practices for analyzing an
incident to determine the hazardous substances present, the likely
behavior of the hazardous substance and its container, the types of
hazardous substance transportation containers and vehicles, the
types and selection of the appropriate defensive strategy for
containing the release.
(D) Review of procedures for implementing continuing response
actions consistent with the local emergency response plan, the
organization's standard operating procedures, and the current
edition of DOT's ERG including extended emergency notification
procedures and follow-up communications.
(E) Review of the principles and practice for proper selection
and use of personal protective equipment.
(F) Review of the principles and practice of personnel and
equipment decontamination.
(G) Review of the expected hazards including fire and explosions
hazards, confined space hazards, electrical hazards, powered
equipment hazards, motor vehicle hazards, and walking-working
surface hazards.
(H) Awareness and knowledge of the competencies for the First
Responder at the Operations Level covered in the National Fire
Protection Association's Standard No. 472, Professional Competence
of Responders to Hazardous Materials Incidents.
(3) Hazardous materials technician.
(A) Review of and demonstration of competency in performing the
applicable skills of 29 CFR 1926.65(q).
(B) Hands-on experience with written and electronic information
relative to response decision making including but not limited to
the U.S. Department of Transportation's Emergency Response Guidebook
(ERG), manufacturer material safety data sheets, CHEMTREC/CANUTEC,
shipper or manufacturer contacts, computer data bases and response
models, and other relevant sources of information addressing
hazardous substance releases. Familiarization with 29 CFR 1926.60.
(C) Review of the principles and practices for analyzing an
incident to determine the hazardous substances present, their
physical and chemical properties, the likely behavior of the
hazardous substance and its container, the types of hazardous
substance transportation containers and vehicles involved in the
release, the appropriate strategy for approaching release sites and
containing the release.
(D) Review of procedures for implementing continuing response
actions consistent with the local emergency response plan, the
organization's standard operating procedures, and the current
edition of DOT's ERG including extended emergency notification
procedures and follow-up communications.
(E) Review of the principles and practice for proper selection
and use of personal protective equipment.
(F) Review of the principles and practices of establishing
exposure zones, proper decontamination and medical surveillance
stations and procedures.
(G) Review of the expected hazards including fire and explosions
hazards, confined space hazards, electrical hazards, powered
equipment hazards, motor vehicle hazards, and walking-working
surface hazards.
(H) Awareness and knowledge of the competencies for the
Hazardous Materials Technician covered in the National Fire
Protection Association's Standard No. 472, Professional Competence
of Responders to Hazardous Materials Incidents.
(4) Hazardous materials specialist.
(A) Review of and demonstration of competency in performing the
applicable skills of 29 CFR 1926.65(q).
(B) Hands-on experience with retrieval and use of written and
electronic information relative to response decision making
including but not limited to the U.S. Department of Transportation's
Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG), manufacturer material safety
data sheets, CHEMTREC/CANUTEC, shipper or manufacturer contacts,
computer data bases and response models, and other relevant sources
of information addressing hazardous substance releases.
Familiarization with 29 CFR 1926.60.
(C) Review of the principles and practices for analyzing an
incident to determine the hazardous substances present, their
physical and chemical properties, and the likely behavior of the
hazardous substance and its container, vessel, or vehicle.
(D) Review of the principles and practices for identification of
the types of hazardous substance transportation containers, vessels
and vehicles involved in the release; selecting and using the
various types of equipment available for plugging or patching
transportation containers, vessels or vehicles; organizing and
directing the use of multiple teams of hazardous material
technicians and selecting the appropriate strategy for approaching
release sites and containing or stopping the release.
(E) Review of procedures for implementing continuing response
actions consistent with the local emergency response plan, the
organization's standard operating procedures, including knowledge of
the available public and private response resources, establishment
of an incident command post, direction of hazardous material
technician teams, and extended emergency notification procedures and
follow-up communications.
(F) Review of the principles and practice for proper selection
and use of personal protective equipment.
(G) Review of the principles and practices of establishing
exposure zones and proper decontamination, monitoring and medical
surveillance stations and procedures.
(H) Review of the expected hazards including fire and explosions
hazards, confined space hazards, electrical hazards, powered
equipment hazards, motor vehicle hazards, and walking-working
surface hazards.
(I) Awareness and knowledge of the competencies for the Off-site
Specialist Employee covered in the National Fire Protection
Association's Standard No. 472, Professional Competence of
Responders to Hazardous Materials Incidents.
(5) Incident commander.
The incident commander is the individual who, at any one time,
is responsible for and in control of the response effort. This
individual is the person responsible for the direction and
coordination of the response effort. An incident commander's
position should be occupied by the most senior, appropriately
trained individual present at the response site. Yet, as necessary
and appropriate by the level of response provided, the position may
be occupied by many individuals during a particular response as the
need for greater authority, responsibility, or training increases.
It is possible for the first responder at the awareness level to
assume the duties of incident commander until a more senior and
appropriately trained individual arrives at the response site.
Therefore, any emergency responder expected to perform as an
incident commander should be trained to fulfill the obligations of
the position at the level of response they will be providing
including the following:
(A) Ability to analyze a hazardous substance incident to
determine the magnitude of the response problem.
(B) Ability to plan and implement an appropriate response plan
within the capabilities of available personnel and equipment.
(C) Ability to implement a response to favorably change the
outcome of the incident in a manner consistent with the local
emergency response plan and the organization's standard operating
procedures.
(D) Ability to evaluate the progress of the emergency response
to ensure that the response objectives are being met safely,
effectively, and efficiently.
(E) Ability to adjust the response plan to the conditions of the
response and to notify higher levels of response when required by
the changes to the response plan.
[FR Doc. 94-20468 Filed 8-19-94; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4510-26-F
