[Federal Register Volume 61, Number 173 (Thursday, September 5, 1996)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 46906-46985]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 96-21941]
[[Page 46905]]
_______________________________________________________________________
Part II
Environmental Protection Agency
_______________________________________________________________________
40 CFR Part 63
National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutant Emissions:
Group I Polymers and Resins; Final Rule
Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 173 / Thursday, September 5, 1996 /
Rules and Regulations
[[Page 46906]]
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
40 CFR Part 63
[AD-FRL-5543-1]
RIN 2060-AE37
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutant
Emissions: Group I Polymers and Resins
AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
ACTION: Final rule.
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SUMMARY: This action promulgates national emission standards for
hazardous air pollutants (NESHAP) from existing and new plant sites
that emit organic hazardous air pollutants (HAP) identified on the
EPA's list of 189 HAP. The organic HAP are emitted during the
manufacture of one or more elastomers.
In the production of elastomers, a variety of organic HAP are used
as monomers or process solvents. Available emissions data gathered in
conjunction with the development of the elastomer standards show that
the following organic HAP are those which have the potential for
reduction by implementation of the standard: Styrene, n-hexane, 1,3-
butadiene, acrylonitrile, methyl chloride, hydrogen chloride, carbon
tetrachloride, chloroprene, and toluene. Some of these pollutants are
considered to be mutagens and carcinogens, and all can cause reversible
or irreversible toxic effects following exposure. The potential toxic
effects include eye, nose, throat, and skin irritation; liver and
kidney toxicity, and neurotoxicity. These effects can range from mild
to severe. The rule is estimated to reduce organic HAP emissions from
existing affected sources by over 6,300 megagrams per year (Mg/yr). The
majority of the organic HAP regulated by these standards are also
volatile organic compounds (VOC). In reducing emissions of organic HAP,
VOC are also reduced.
The rule implements section 112(d) of the Act, which requires the
Administrator to regulate emissions of HAP listed in section 112(b) of
the Act. The intended effect of this rule is to protect the public by
requiring the maximum degree of reduction in emissions of organic HAP
from new and existing major sources that the Administrator determines
is achievable, taking into consideration the cost of achieving such
emission reduction, and any nonair quality, health and environmental
impacts, and energy requirements.
EFFECTIVE DATE: September 5, 1996. See the Supplementary Information
section concerning judicial review.
ADDRESSES: Docket. Docket No. A-92-44, containing information
considered by the EPA in development of the promulgated standards, is
available for public inspection and copying between 8 a.m. and 4 p.m.,
Monday through Friday, at the following address in room M-1500,
Waterside Mall (ground floor): U. S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Air and Radiation Docket and Information Center (MC-6102), 401 M Street
SW., Washington, DC 20460; telephone: (202) 260-7548. A reasonable fee
may be charged for copying docket materials.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: For questions concerning applicability
and other rule determinations, inquiries should be directed to the
appropriate regional office contact listed below:
Greg Roscoe, Air Programs Compliance, Branch Chief, U.S. EPA Region I,
5EA, JFK Federal Building, Boston, MA 02203, (617) 565-3221.
Kenneth Eng, Air Compliance Branch Chief, U.S. EPA Region II, 290
Broadway, New York, NY 10007-1866, (212) 637-4000.
Bernard Turlinski, Air Enforcement Branch Chief, U.S. EPA Region III
(3AT10), 841 Chestnut Building, Philadelphia, PA 19107, (215) 597-3989.
Jewell A. Harper, Air Enforcement Branch, U.S. EPA Region IV, 3345
Courtland Street, NE., Atlanta, GA 30365, (404) 347-2904.
George T. Czerniak, Jr., Air Enforcement Branch Chief, U.S. EPA Region
V (5AE-26), 77 West Jackson Street, Chicago, IL 60604, (312) 353-2088.
John R. Hepola, Air Enforcement Branch Chief, U.S. EPA Region VI, 1445
Ross Avenue, Suite 1200, Dallas, TX 75202-2733, (214) 665-7220.
Donald Toensing, Chief, Air Permitting and Compliance Branch, U.S. EPA
Region VII, 726 Minnesota Avenue, Kansas City, KS 66101, (913) 551-
7446.
Douglas M. Skie, Air and Technical Operations, Branch Chief, U.S. EPA
Region VIII, 999 18th Street, Suite 500, Denver, CO 80202-2466, (303)
312-6432.
Colleen W. McKaughan, Air Compliance Branch Chief, U.S. EPA Region IX,
75 Hawthorne Street, San Francisco, CA 94105, (415) 744-1198.
Christopher Hall, Air Toxics Program Manager, U.S. EPA Region X, 1200
Sixth Avenue, OAQ-107, Seattle, WA 98101-9797, (206) 553-1949.
For information concerning the technical analysis for this rule,
contact Mr. Robert Rosensteel at (919) 541-5608, Organic Chemicals
Group, Emission Standards Division (MD-13), U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Regulated entities. Entities potentially
regulated by this action are elastomer product process units (EPPUs)
manufacturing the same primary product and located at a plant site that
is a major source of HAP. Regulated categories and entities include:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Category Examples of regulated entities
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Industry........................ Producers of butyl rubber, halobutyl
rubber, epichlorohydrin elastomers,
ethylene propylene rubber, HypalonTM,
neoprene, nitrile butadiene rubber,
nitrile butadiene latex, polysulfide
rubber, polybutadiene rubber/styrene
butadiene rubber by solution, styrene
butadiene latex, and styrene
butadiene rubber by emulsion.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
This table is not intended to be exhaustive, but rather provides a
guide for readers regarding entities likely to be regulated by this
action. This table lists the types of entities that EPA is now aware
could potentially be regulated by this action. Other types of entities
not listed in the table could also be regulated. To determine whether
your facility is regulated by this action, you should carefully examine
the applicability criteria in Sec. 63.480 of the rule. If you have
questions regarding the applicability of this action to a particular
entity, consult the person listed in the preceding FOR FURTHER
INFORMATION CONTACT section.
Response to Comment Document. The response to comment document for
the promulgated standards contains: (1) A summary of the public
comments made on the proposed standards and the Administrator's
response to the comments; and (2) A summary of the changes made to the
standards since proposal. The document may be obtained from the U.S.
EPA Library (MD-35), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711,
telephone (919) 541-2777; or from the National Technical Information
Services, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Virginia 22151, telephone
(703) 487-4650. Please refer to ``Hazardous Air Pollutant Emissions
from Process Units in the Elastomers Manufacturing Industry--Basis and
Purpose Document for Final Standards, Summary of Public Comments and
[[Page 46907]]
Responses'' (EPA-453/R-96-006b; May 1996). This document is also
located in the docket (Docket Item No. V-C-1) and is available for
downloading from the Technology Transfer Network. The Technology
Transfer Network is one of the EPA's electronic bulletin boards. The
Technology Transfer Network provides information and technology
exchange in various areas of air pollution control. The service is free
except for the cost of a phone call. Dial (919) 541-5742 for up to a
14,400 bps modem. If more information on the Technology Transfer
Network is needed, call the HELP line at (919) 541-5384.
Previous Background Documents. The following is a listing of
background documents pertaining to this rulemaking. The complete title,
EPA publication number, publication date, and docket number are
included. Where appropriate, the abbreviated descriptive title is used
to refer to the document throughout this notice.
(1) Hazardous Air Pollutant Emissions from Process Units in the
Elastomer Manufacturing Industry--Supplementary Information Document
for Proposed Standards. EPA-453/R-95-005a, May 1995; Docket number A-
92-44, item number III-B-2.
(2) Hazardous Air Pollutant Emissions from Process Units in the
Elastomer Manufacturing Industry--Basis and Purpose Document for
Proposed Standards. EPA-453/R-95-006a, May 1995; Docket number A-92-44,
item number III-B-1.
Judicial Review. Under section 307(b)(1) of the Act, judicial
review of the final rule is available only by filing a petition for
review in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia
Circuit within 60 days of today's publication of this final rule. Under
section 307(b)(2) of the Act, the requirements that are the subject of
today's notice may not be challenged later in civil or criminal
proceedings brought by the EPA to enforce these requirements.
The information presented in this preamble is organized as follows:
I. Summary of Considerations Made in Developing This Standard
A. Background and Purpose of the Regulation
B. Source of Authority
C. Technical Basis of Regulation
D. Stakeholder and Public Participation
II. Summary of Promulgated Standards
A. Storage Vessel Provisions
B. Front-End Process Vent Provisions
C. Back-end Process Provisions
D. Wastewater Provisions
E. Equipment Leak Provisions
F. Emissions Averaging Provisions
G. Compliance and Performance Test Provisions and Monitoring
Requirements
H. Recordkeeping and Reporting Provisions
III. Summary of Impacts
A. Facilities Affected by these NESHAP
B. Primary Air Impacts
C. Other Environmental Impacts
D. Energy Impacts
E. Cost Impacts
F. Economic Impacts
IV. Significant Comments and Changes to the Proposed Standards
A. Applicability Provisions and Definitions
B. Storage Vessel Provisions
C. Continuous Front-end Process Vent Provisions
D. Batch Front-end Process Vent Provisions
E. Back-end Process Operation Provisions
F. Wastewater Operations Provisions
G. Equipment Leak Provisions
H. Emissions Averaging Provisions
I. Monitoring
J. Recordkeeping and Reporting
V. Administrative Requirements
A. Docket
B. Executive Order 12866
C. Paperwork Reduction Act
D. Regulatory Flexibility Act
E. Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996
(SBREFA)
F. Unfunded Mandates
I. Summary of Considerations Made in Developing This Standard
A. Background and Purpose of Regulation
The Clean Air Act was created in part ``to protect and enhance the
quality of the Nation's air resources so as to promote the public
health and welfare and the productive capacity of its population''
(CAA, section 101(b)(1)). Section 112(b) lists 189 HAP believed to
cause adverse health or environmental effects. Section 112(d) requires
that emission standards be promulgated for all categories and
subcategories of major sources of these HAP and for many smaller
``area'' sources listed for regulation, pursuant to section 112(c).
Major sources are defined as those that emit or have the potential to
emit at least 10 tons per year of any single HAP or 25 tons per year of
any combination of HAP.
On July 16, 1992 (57 FR 31576), the EPA published a list of
categories of sources slated for regulation. This list included all
nine of the source categories regulated by the standards being
promulgated today. The statute requires emissions standards for the
listed source categories to be promulgated between November 1992 and
November 2000. On December 3, 1993, the EPA published a schedule for
promulgating these standards (58 FR 83841). Standards for the nine
source categories covered by today's rule were proposed on June 12,
1995 (60 FR 30801).
For the purpose of this rule, the EPA has separated the 9 Group 1
polymers into 12 elastomer products (i.e., subcategories). These
products are butyl rubber (BR), halobutyl rubber (HBR), epichlorohydrin
elastomers (EPI), ethylene propylene rubber (EPR), HypalonTM
(HYP), neoprene (NEO), nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR), nitrile
butadiene latex (NBL), polysulfide rubber (PSR), polybutadiene rubber/
styrene butadiene rubber by solution (PBR/SBRS), styrene butadiene
latex (SBL), and styrene butadiene rubber by emulsion (SBRE).
In the 1990 Amendments to the Clean Air Act, Congress specified
that each standard for major sources must require the maximum reduction
in emissions of HAP that the EPA determines is achievable, considering
cost, non-air quality health and environmental impacts, and energy
requirements. In essence, these Maximum Achievable Control Technology
(MACT) standards would ensure that all major sources of air toxics
achieve the level of control already being achieved by the better
controlled and lower emitting sources in each category. This approach
provides assurance to citizens that each major source of toxic air
pollution will be required to employ good control measures to limit its
emissions.
Available emission data, collected during the development of this
rule, shows that pollutants that are listed in section 112(b)(1) and
are emitted by Group I Polymer and Resins sources include n-hexane,
styrene, 1,3-butadiene, acrylonitrile, methyl chloride, carbon
tetrachloride, chloroprene, and toluene. Some of these pollutants are
considered to be probable human carcinogens when inhaled, and all can
cause reversible and irreversible toxic effects following exposure.
These effects include respiratory and skin irritation, effects upon the
eye, various systemic effects including effects upon the liver, kidney,
heart and circulatory systems, neurotoxic effects, and in extreme
cases, death.
The EPA does recognize that the degree of adverse effects to health
can range from mild to severe. The extent and degree to which the
health effects may be experienced is dependent upon (1) the ambient
concentrations observed in the area (e.g., as influenced by emission
rates, meteorological conditions, and terrain), (2) the frequency of
and duration of exposures, (3) characteristics of the exposed
individuals (e.g., genetics, age, pre-existing health conditions, and
lifestyle) which vary significantly with the
[[Page 46908]]
population, and (4) pollutant specific characteristics (e.g., toxicity,
half-life in the environment, bioaccumulation, and persistence).
Due to the volatility and relatively low potential for
bioaccumulation of these pollutants, air emissions are not expected to
deposit on land or water and cause subsequent adverse health or
ecosystem effects.
The alternatives considered in the development of this regulation,
including those alternatives selected as standards for new and existing
elastomer sources, are based on process and emissions data received
from every existing elastomer facility known to be in operation at the
time of the initial data collection. During the development of today's
rule, the EPA met with industry several times to discuss this data. In
addition, facilities and State regulatory authorities had the
opportunity to comment on draft versions of the proposed regulation and
to provide additional information. The EPA published the proposed rule
for comment on June 12, 1995 (60 FR 30801). The public comments that
were received on the proposed rule are summarized in the Basis and
Purpose Document for Final Standards, Summary of Public Comments and
Responses (Docket Item No. V-C-1). These comments were considered, and
in some cases, today's standards reflect these comments. Of major
concern to commenters were the reporting and recordkeeping burden and
the requirements for back-end process operations and wastewater
control.
The final standards give existing sources 3 years from the date of
promulgation to comply. Subject to certain limited exceptions, this is
the maximum amount of time allowed under the Clean Air Act. New sources
are required to comply with the standard upon startup. The EPA believes
these standards to be achievable for affected sources within the
timeframes provided. The number of existing sources affected by this
rule is less than 50; therefore, the EPA does not believe that required
retrofits or other actions cannot be achieved in the time frame
allotted.
Included in the final rule are methods for determining initial
compliance as well as monitoring, recordkeeping, and reporting
requirements. All of these components are necessary to ensure that
sources will comply with the standards both initially and over time.
However, the EPA has made every effort to simplify the requirements in
the rule. The Agency has also attempted to maintain consistency with
existing regulations by either incorporating text from existing
regulations or referencing the applicable sections, depending on which
method would be least confusing for a given situation.
As described in the ``Basis and Purpose Document for Proposed
Standards'' (EPA-453/R-95-006a), regulatory alternatives were
considered that included a combination of requirements equal to, and
above, the MACT floor. Cost-effectiveness was a factor considered in
evaluating options above the floor; in cases where options more
stringent than the floor were selected, they were judged to have a
reasonable cost effectiveness. For epichlorohydrin rubber (EPR),
polybutadiene rubber (PBR)/styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) (by
solution), and SBR (by emulsion) the estimated cost effectiveness was
found to be relatively high at the MACT floor level due to the
requirements for process back-end operations. However, the back-end
provisions of the regulation contain several options for compliance
that will allow facilities to select the most cost-effective option
based on facility-specific considerations.
Representatives from other interested EPA offices and programs are
included in the regulatory development process as members of the Work
Group. The Work Group is involved in the regulatory development
process, and must review and concur with the regulation before proposal
and promulgation. Therefore, the EPA believes that the implications to
other EPA offices and programs have been adequately considered during
the development of these standards.
B. Source of Authority
National emission standards for new and existing sources of HAP
established under section 112(d) reflect MACT or
* * * the maximum degree of reduction in emissions of the HAP *
* * that the Administrator, taking into consideration the cost of
achieving such emission reduction, and any nonair quality health and
environmental impacts and energy requirements, determines is
achievable for new or existing sources in the category or
subcategory to which such emission standard applies * * * (42 U.S.C.
7412(d)(2)).
For new sources, section 112(d)(3) provides that the standards for
a source category or subcategory ``shall not be less stringent than the
emission control that is achieved in practice by the best controlled
similar source, as determined by the Administrator.'' Section 112(d)(3)
provides further that for existing sources the standards shall be no
less stringent than the average emission limitation achieved by the
best performing 12 percent of the existing sources for source
categories and subcategories with 30 or more sources or the average
emission limitation achieved by the best performing 5 sources for
source categories or subcategories with fewer than 30 sources. These
two minimum levels of control define the MACT floor for new and
existing sources.
The regulatory alternatives considered in the development of this
regulation, including those regulatory alternatives selected as
standards for new and existing affected sources, are based on process
and emissions data received from the existing plant sites known by the
EPA to be in operation.
As stated above, the MACT floor represents the least stringent
standard permitted by law for new and existing sources. The EPA may
establish standards more stringent than the MACT floor when it
determines that such standards are achievable, ``taking into
consideration the cost of achieving such emission reduction, and any
nonair quality health and environmental impacts, and energy
requirements'' (42 U.S.C. 7412(d)(2)). In a few instances, the
standards in today's rule are more stringent than the MACT floor. In
each case, the EPA determined, based on available data, that such
standards were achievable within the meaning of section 112(d). Table 1
shows the subcategory-specific instances where an option was selected
that was more stringent than the MACT floor, along with the
corresponding incremental cost-effectiveness from the MACT floor.
Table 1.--Incremental Cost Effectiveness Values of Regulatory Options More Stringent Than the MACT Floor a
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Incremental cost effectiveness b ($/Mg)
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Subcategory Front-end process
Storage vents Back-end process Wastewater Equipment leaks
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Butyl.............................. floor................. $3,100................ floor................ $1,600............... $1,700
[[Page 46909]]
Epichlorohydrin.................... floor................. floor................. floor................ floor................ $2,000
Ethylene propylene................. floor................. floor................. floor................ floor................ $2,000
Halobutyl.......................... $300.................. $1,400................ floor................ floor................ $1,100
Hypalon.................. floor................. floor................. floor................ floor................ floor
Neoprene........................... floor................. $2,900................ floor................ floor................ c $1,600
Nitrile butadiene latex............ floor................. floor................. floor................ floor................ c $2,600
Nitrile butadiene rubber........... floor................. floor................. floor................ floor................ c $1,200
Polybutadiene/styrene butadiene floor................. floor................. floor................ floor................ c $2,600
rubber by solution.
Polysulfide........................ floor................. floor................. floor................ floor................ floor
Styrene butadiene latex............ floor................. floor................. floor................ floor................ floor
Styrene butadiene rubber by floor................. floor................. floor................ floor................ floor
emulsion.
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a In the table, ``floor'' indicates that the level of the promulgated standard is equivalent to the MACT floor.
b The incremental cost effectiveness reflects the cost and emission reduction from the MACT floor to the level of the promulgated standard.
c Equipment leak control programs at elastomer production facilities consisted of a complex combination of controls for the numerous components that can
leak and cause HAP emissions. This complexity made it impractical to define a MACT floor ``program'' for which impacts could be assessed for multiple-
plant subcategories. Therefore, the cost effectiveness values shown in the table represent the incremental cost effectiveness values from baseline.
C. Technical Basis of Regulation
Potential regulatory alternatives were developed based on the
Hazardous Organic NESHAP (HON) (subparts F, G, and H of 40 CFR part
63), and the Batch Processes Alternative Control Techniques (ACT)
document (EPA 453/R-93-017; November 1993). The HON was selected as a
basis for regulatory alternatives because: (1) The characteristics of
the emissions from storage vessels, continuous front-end process vents,
equipment leaks, and wastewater at Group I elastomer facilities are
similar or identical to those addressed by the HON; and (2) the levels
of control required under the HON were already determined through
extensive analyses to be reasonable from a cost and impact perspective.
Finally, the Batch Processes ACT was selected to identify
regulatory alternatives for batch process vents, which are not
addressed by the HON. The Batch Processes ACT addresses the control of
VOC emissions, and all of the organic HAP identified for the Group I
elastomers facilities are also VOC. Unlike the HON, the Batch Processes
ACT is not a regulation and, therefore, does not specify a level of
control that must be met. Instead, the Batch Processes ACT provides
information on potential levels of control, their costs, etc. Based on
the review of the Batch Processes ACT, the EPA selected a level of
control equivalent to 90 percent reduction for batch front-end process
vents. This level of control was selected for regulatory analysis
purposes because it represents a reasonable level of control
considering costs and other impacts.
D. Stakeholder and Public Participation
In the development of this standard, numerous representatives of
the elastomers industry were consulted. Industry representatives have
included trade associations and elastomer producers responding to
section 114 questionnaires and information collection requests (ICR's).
The EPA also received input from representatives from State and
Regional environmental agencies. Representatives from other interested
EPA offices and programs participated in the regulatory development
process as members of the Work Group. The Work Group is involved in the
regulatory development process, and is given opportunities to review
and comment on the standards before proposal and promulgation.
Therefore, the EPA believes that the impact on other EPA offices and
programs has been adequately considered during the development of these
standards. In addition, the EPA has met with members of industry
concerning these standards. Finally, industry representatives,
regulatory authorities, and environmental groups had the opportunity to
comment on the proposed standards and to provide additional information
during the public comment period that followed proposal.
The standards were proposed in the Federal Register on June 12,
1995 (60 FR 30801). The preamble to the proposed standards described
the rationale for the proposed standards. Public comments were
solicited at the time of proposal. To provide interested persons the
opportunity for oral presentation of data, views, or arguments
concerning the proposed standards, a public hearing was offered at
proposal. However, the public did not request a hearing and, therefore,
one was not held. The public comment period was from June 12, 1995 to
August 11, 1995. A total of twenty-nine comment letters were received.
Commenters included industry representatives and State agencies. The
comments were carefully considered, and changes were made in the
proposed standards when determined by the EPA to be appropriate. A
detailed discussion of these comments and responses can be found in the
Basis and Purpose Document for Final Standards, which is referenced in
the ADDRESSES section of this preamble. The summary of comments and
responses in the Basis and Purpose Document for the Final Standards
serves as the basis for the revisions that have been made to the
standards between proposal and promulgation. Section IV of this
preamble discusses some of the major changes made to the standards.
II. Summary of Promulgated Standards
Emissions of specific organic HAP from the following types of
emission points (i.e., emission source types) are being covered by the
final standard: Storage vessels, continuous front-end process vents,
batch front-end process vents, back-end processes operations, equipment
leaks, and wastewater operations. The organic HAP emitted and required
to be controlled by these standards vary by subcategory. Each of the
twelve elastomer products constitutes a separate subcategory, each of
which belongs to one of the nine
[[Page 46910]]
source categories regulated by these standards.
The existing affected source is defined as each group of one or
more EPPUs that manufacture the same elastomer product as their primary
product, and (1) are located at a major source plant site, (2) are not
exempt, and (3) are not part of a new affected source. This means that
each plant site will have only one existing affected source in any
given subcategory.
If a plant site with an existing affected source producing
elastomer A as its primary product constructs a new EPPU also producing
elastomer A as its primary product, the new EPPU is a new affected
source if the new EPPU has the potential to emit more than 10 tons per
year of a single HAP, or 25 tons per year of all HAP. In this
situation, the plant site would have an existing affected source
producing elastomer A, and a new affected source producing elastomer A.
Each subsequent new EPPU with potential HAP emissions above the levels
cited above would be a separate new affected source.
New affected sources are also created when an EPPU is constructed
at a major source plant site where the elastomer product was not
previously produced, with no regard to the potential HAP emissions from
the EPPU. Another instance where a new affected source is created is if
a new EPPU is constructed at a new plant site (i.e., green field site)
that will be a major source. The final manner in which a new affected
source is created is when an existing affected source undergoes
reconstruction, thus making the previously existing source subject to
new source standards.
With relatively few exceptions, the final standards for storage
vessels, continuous front-end process vents, equipment leaks, and
wastewater streams are the same as those promulgated for the
corresponding types of emission points at facilities subject to the
HON. As shown in Tables 2 and 3, some subcategories have requirements
that differ from the HON; these cases are designated by ``MACT Floor.''
These different requirements are specified in the final standards.
As in the HON, if an emission point within an affected source meets
the applicability criteria and is required to be controlled under the
standard, it is referred to as a Group 1 emission point. If an emission
point within the affected source is not required to apply controls, it
is referred to as a Group 2 emission point.
A. Storage Vessel Provisions
For all subcategories, the storage vessel requirements are
identical to the HON storage vessel requirements in subpart G. A
storage vessel means a tank or other vessel that is associated with an
elastomer product process unit and that stores a liquid containing one
or more organic HAP. The rule specifies assignment procedures for
determining whether a storage vessel is associated with an elastomer
product process unit. The storage vessel provisions do not apply to the
following: (1) Vessels permanently attached to motor vehicles, (2)
pressure vessels designed to operate in excess of 204.9 kpa (29.7 psia)
and without emissions to the atmosphere, (3) vessels with capacities
smaller than 38 m\3\ (10,000 gal), (4) vessels and equipment storing
and/or handling material that contains no detectable organic HAP, and/
or organic HAP as impurities only, (5) surge control vessels and
bottoms receiver tanks, and (6) wastewater storage tanks. An impurity
is produced coincidentally with another chemical substance and is
processed, used, or distributed with it.
In addition to those vessels that do not meet the definition of
storage vessels, the standards exempt certain storage vessels
containing latex. Specifically, storage vessels containing a latex,
located downstream of the stripping operations, all storage vessels
containing styrene butadiene latex, and storage vessels containing
styrene, acrylamide, and epichlorohydrin, are exempt from the storage
vessel requirements of the final rule.
The owner or operator must determine whether a storage vessel is
Group 1 or Group 2; Group 1 storage vessels require control. The
criteria for determining whether a storage vessel is Group 1 or Group 2
are the same as the HON criteria.
Table 2.--Summary of Final Standards for Existing Affected Sources
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Level of final standard a
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subcategory Back-end process
Storage Front-end process vents emissions Wastewater Equipment leaks
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BR, HBR.......................... HON................. HON/ACT, exempting halogenated no control.......... HON................. HON.
vent streams controlled by
flare or boiler before June
12, 1995.
EPI, HYP, NEO, NBL, NBR, PSR, SBL HON................. HON/ACT....................... no control.......... HON................. HON.
EPR.............................. HON................. HON/ACT, exempting halogenated MACT floor residual HON................. HON.
vent streams controlled by HAP limit.
flare or boiler before June
12, 1995.
PBR/SBRS, SBRE................... HON................. HON/ACT....................... MACT floor residual HON................. HON.
HAP limit.
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a HON=the level of the standard is equivalent to existing source provisions of subpart G of 40 CFR 63 for storage and wastewater, and subpart H of 40
CFR 63 for equipment leaks.
HON/ACT=the level of the standard for continuous front-end process vents is equal to the existing source process vent provisions in subpart G of 40 CFR
63, and the level of the standard for batch front-end process vents is equal to the 90 percent control level from the Batch Processes ACT.
[[Page 46911]]
Table 3.--Summary of Final Standards for New Affected Sources
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Level of standard a
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Subcategory Front-end process Back-end process
Storage vents emissions Wastewater Equipment leaks
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BR, EPI, HBR, HYP, NEO, NBL, NBR, New source HON........ New source HON/ACT.... No control........... Existing source HON.. New source HON
SBL.
EPR, PBR/SBRS, SBRE................ New source HON........ New source HON/ACT.... New source floor Existing source HON.. New source HON
residual HAP limit.
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a HON=the level of the standard is equivalent to the provisions of subpart G of 40 CFR 63 for storage and wastewater, and subpart H of 40 CFR 63 for
equipment leaks.
HON/ACT=the level of the standard for continuous front-end process vents is equal to the new source process vent provisions in subpart G of 40 CFR 63,
and the level of the standard for batch front-end process vents is equal to the 90 percent control level from the Batch Processes ACT.
The storage provisions require that one of the following control
systems be applied to Group 1 storage vessels: (1) An internal floating
roof with proper seals and fittings; (2) an external floating roof with
proper seals and fittings; (3) an external floating roof converted to
an internal floating roof with proper seals and fittings; or (4) a
closed vent system with a 95-percent efficient control device. The
storage provisions give details on the types of seals and fittings
required. Monitoring and compliance provisions include periodic visual
inspections of vessels, roof seals, and fittings, as well as internal
inspections. If a closed vent system and control device is used, the
owner or operator must establish appropriate monitoring procedures.
Reports and records of inspections, repairs, and other information
necessary to determine compliance are also required by the storage
provisions. No controls are required for Group 2 storage vessels.
B. Front-End Process Vent Provisions
There are separate provisions in the rule for front-end process
vents that originate from unit operations operated in a continuous
mode, and those from unit operations operated in a batch mode. An
affected source could be subject to both the continuous and batch
front-end process vent provisions if front-end operations at an
elastomer production process unit consist of a combination of
continuous and batch unit operations. The continuous provisions would
be applied to those vents from continuous unit operations, and the
batch provisions to vents from batch unit operations.
1. Continuous Front-End Process Vent Provisions
The provisions in the final rule for continuous front-end process
vents are the same as the HON process vent provisions in subpart G.
Continuous front-end process vents are gas streams that originate from
continuously operated units in the front-end of an elastomer process,
and include gas streams discharged directly to the atmosphere and gas
streams discharged to the atmosphere after diversion through a product
recovery device. The continuous front-end process vent provisions apply
only to vents that emit gas streams containing more than 0.005 weight-
percent HAP.
A Group 1 continuous front-end process vent is defined as a
continuous front-end process vent with a flow rate greater than or
equal to 0.005 scmm, an organic HAP concentration greater than or equal
to 50 ppmv, and a total resource effectiveness (TRE) index value less
than or equal to 1.0. The continuous front-end process vent provisions
require the owner or operator of a Group 1 continuous front-end process
vent stream to: (1) Reduce the emissions of organic HAP using a flare;
(2) reduce emissions of organic HAP by 98 weight-percent or to a
concentration of 20 ppmv or less; or (3) achieve and maintain a TRE
index above 1. Performance test provisions are included for Group 1
continuous front-end process vents to verify that the control device
achieves the required performance.
The organic HAP reduction is based on the level of control achieved
by the reference control technology. Group 2 continuous front-end
process vent streams with TRE index values between 1.0 and 4.0 are
required to monitor those process vent streams to ensure those streams
do not become Group 1, which require control.
The owner or operator can calculate a TRE index value to determine
whether each process vent is a Group 1 or Group 2 continuous front-end
process vent, or the owner or operator can elect to comply directly
with the control requirements without calculating the TRE index. The
TRE index value is determined after the final recovery device in the
process or prior to venting to the atmosphere. The TRE calculation
involves an emissions test or engineering assessment and use of the TRE
equations in Sec. 63.115 of subpart G.
The rule encourages pollution prevention through product recovery
because an owner or operator of a Group 1 continuous front-end process
vent may add recovery devices or otherwise reduce emissions to the
extent that the TRE becomes greater than 1.0 and the Group 1 continuous
front-end process vent becomes a Group 2 continuous front-end process
vent.
Group 1 halogenated streams controlled using a combustion device
must vent the emissions from the combustor to an acid gas scrubber or
other device to limit emissions of halogens prior to venting to the
atmosphere. The control device must reduce the overall emissions of
hydrogen halides and halogens by 99 percent or reduce the outlet mass
emission rate of total hydrogen halides and halogens to less than 0.45
kg/hr.
The rule exempts certain halogenated process vent streams from the
requirement to control the halogens at the exit from a combustion
device. Specifically, halogenated continuous front-end process vents at
existing affected sources producing butyl rubber, halobutyl rubber, or
ethylene-propylene rubber are exempt from the requirements to control
hydrogen halides and halogens from the outlet of combustion devices.
However, the rule requires that these vent streams be controlled in
accordance with the other Group 1 requirements for continuous front-end
process vents.
Monitoring, reporting, and recordkeeping provisions necessary to
demonstrate compliance are also included in the continuous front-end
process vent provisions. Compliance with the monitoring provisions is
based on a comparison of daily average monitored values to enforceable
parameter ``levels'' established by the owner or operator.
[[Page 46912]]
2. Batch Front--End Process Vent Provisions
Process vents that include gas streams originating from batch unit
operations in the front-end of an elastomer product process unit are
subject to the batch front-end process vent provisions of the rule.
Consistent with provisions in the rule for other emission source types,
batch front-end process vents are classified as Group 1 or Group 2,
with control being required for Group 1 batch front-end process vents.
An important aspect of the batch front-end process vent provisions
is that applicability is on an individual vent basis. All batch
emission episodes that are emitted to the atmosphere through the vent
are to be considered in the group determination. The rule does not
require that emissions from similar batch unit operations emitted from
different vents be combined for applicability determinations. In other
words, if a process included four batch reactors, and each reactor had
a dedicated vent to the atmosphere, applicability would be determined
for each reactor.
The applicability criteria of the batch front-end process vent
provisions are from the Batch Processes ACT, and are based on annual
emissions of the HAP emitted from the vent, and the average flow rate
of the vent stream. The vent stream characteristics are determined at
the exit from the batch unit operation before any emission control or
recovery device. The rule specifies that reflux condensers, condensers
recovering monomer or solvent from a batch stripping operation, and
condensers recovering monomer or solvent from a batch distillation
operation are considered part of the unit operation. Therefore, the
batch front-end process vent applicability criteria would be applied
after these condensers.
The first step in the applicability determination is to calculate
the annual HAP emissions. Annual HAP emissions may be calculated using
equations contained in the regulation (which are from the Batch
Processes ACT). Testing or engineering assessment may also be used if
the equations are not appropriate. Batch front-end process vents with
annual HAP emissions less than 225 kilograms per year are exempt from
all batch front-end process vent requirements, other than the
requirement to estimate annual HAP emissions.
There are two tiers of Group 2 batch front-end process vents.
First, if the annual HAP emissions of a vent are below specified cutoff
levels, the batch front-end process vent is classified as a Group 2
vent, and a batch cycle limitation must be established (discussed
below). The cutoff emission level is 11,800 kilograms HAP per year.
If annual HAP emissions are greater than the cutoff emission level
specified above, the owner must determine the annual average flow rate
of the batch front-end process vent, and the ``cutoff flow rate'' using
the equation in Sec. 63.488(f). The Group 1/Group 2 classification is
then based on a comparison between the actual annual average flow rate,
and the cutoff flow rate. If the actual flow rate is less than the
calculated cutoff flow rate, then the batch process vent is a Group 1
vent, and control is required. If the actual flow rate is greater than
the calculated cutoff flow rate, then the batch process vent is a Group
2 batch front-end process vent, and the owner or operator must
establish a batch cycle limitation.
Owners and operators of Group 2 batch front-end process vents must
establish a batch cycle limitation that ensures that HAP emissions from
the vent do not increase to a level that would make the batch front-end
process vent Group 1. The batch cycle limitation is an enforceable
restriction on the number of batch cycles that can be performed in a
year. An owner or operator has two choices regarding the level of the
batch cycle limitation. The limitation may be set to maintain emissions
below the annual emission cutoff level listed above, or the limitation
may be set to ensure that annual emissions do not increase to a level
that makes the calculated cutoff flow rate increase beyond the actual
annual average flow rate. The advantage to the first option is that the
owner or operator would not be required to determine the annual average
flow rate of the vent. A batch cycle limitation does not limit
production to any previous production level, but is based on the number
of cycles necessary to exceed one of the two batch front-end process
vent applicability criteria discussed above.
The batch front-end process vent provisions require the owner or
operator of a Group 1 batch front-end process vent stream to: (1)
Reduce the emissions of organic HAP using a flare or (2) reduce
emissions of organic HAP by 90 weight-percent over each batch cycle
using a control or recovery device. If a halogenated batch vent stream
(defined as a vent that has a mass emission rate of halogen atoms in
organic compounds of 3,750 kilograms per year or greater) is sent to a
combustion device, the outlet stream must be controlled to reduce
emissions of hydrogen halides and halogens by 99 percent. Control could
be achieved at varying levels for different emission episodes as long
as the required level of control for the batch cycle was achieved. The
owner or operator could even elect to control some emission episodes
and by-pass control for others. Performance test provisions are
included for Group 1 batch front-end process vents to verify that the
control device achieves the required performance.
Monitoring, reporting, and recordkeeping provisions necessary to
demonstrate compliance are also included in the batch front-end process
vent provisions. These provisions are modeled after the analogous
continuous process vent provisions in the HON. Compliance with the
monitoring provisions is based on a comparison of batch cycle daily
average monitored values to enforceable parameter monitoring levels
established by the owner or operator.
The provisions for batch front-end process vents contain three
conditions that can greatly simplify compliance. First, an owner or
operator can control a batch front-end process vent in accordance with
the Group 1 batch front-end process vent requirements and bypass the
applicability determination. Second, if a batch front-end process vent
is combined with a continuous vent stream before a recovery or control
device, the owner or operator is exempt from all batch front-end
process vent requirements. However, applicability determinations and
performance tests for the continuous vent must be conducted at
conditions when the addition of the batch vent streams makes the HAP
concentration in the combined stream greatest. Finally, if batch front-
end process vents combine to create a ``continuous'' flow to a control
or recovery device, the less complicated continuous process vent
monitoring requirements are used.
C. Back-End Process Provisions
Back-end process operations include all operations at an EPPU that
occur after the stripping operations. These operations include, but are
not limited to, filtering, drying, separating, and other finishing
operations, as well as product storage.
The back-end process provisions contain residual HAP limitations
for three subcategories: EPR, PBR/SBRS, and SBRE. The limitations for
EPR and PBR/SBRS are in units of kilograms HAP per megagram of crumb
rubber dry weight (crumb rubber dry weight means the weight of the
polymer, minus the weight of water and residual organics), and the
limitation for SBRE is in units of kilogram HAP per megagram latex.
[[Page 46913]]
The limitation is a monthly average weighted based on the weight of
rubber or latex processed in the stripper. Two methods of compliance
are available: (1) Stripping the polymer to remove the residual HAP to
the levels in the standards, on a monthly weighted average basis, or
(2) reducing emissions using add-on control to a level equivalent to
the level that would be achieved if stripping was used.
1. Compliance Using Stripping Technology
If stripping is the method of compliance selected, the rule allows
two options for demonstrating compliance: by sampling and by monitoring
stripper operating parameters. If compliance is demonstrated by
sampling, samples of the stripped wet crumb or stripped latex must be
taken as soon as safe and feasible after the stripping operation, but
no later than the entry point for the first unit operation following
the stripper (e.g., the watering screen), and analyzed to determine the
residual HAP content. For styrene-butadiene rubber produced by the
emulsion process, the sample of latex shall be taken just prior to
entering the coagulation operations.
A sample must be taken once per day for continuous processes, or
once per batch for batch processes. The sample must be analyzed to
determine the residual HAP content, and the corresponding weight of
rubber or latex processed in the stripper must be recorded. This
information is then used to calculate a monthly weighted average. A
monthly weighted average that is above the limitation is a violation of
the standard, as is a failure to sample and analyze at least 75 percent
of the samples required during the month. The EPA is in the process of
approving test methods that will be used to determine compliance with
the standard. These methods are being promulgated separately by the
EPA. Records of each test result would be required, along with the
corresponding weight of the polymer processed in the stripper. Records
of the monthly weighted averages must also be maintained.
An owner or operator complying using stripping can also demonstrate
compliance by continuously monitoring stripper operating parameters. If
using this approach, the owner or operator must establish stripper
operating parameters for each grade of polymer processed in the
stripper, along with the corresponding residual HAP content of that
grade. The parameters that must be monitored include, at a minimum,
temperature, pressure, steaming rates (for steam strippers), and some
parameter that is indicative of residence time. The HAP content of the
grade must be determined initially using the residual HAP test methods
discussed above. The owner or operator can elect to establish a single
set of stripper operating parameters for multiple grades.
The EPA believes that computer predictive modeling may be an
attractive alternative to the periodic sampling and stripper parametric
monitoring options in the rule, but did not specifically include
provisions for these options, because the use of computer predictive
modeling is so site-specific that it was not possible to include
general requirements for its use in subpart U. However, the rule does
allow the opportunity for site-specific approval of the use of computer
predictive modeling, stack test monitoring, or other alternative means
of compliance through the submittal of an alternative compliance plan.
The difference in the demonstration of compliance by sampling, and
the demonstration of compliance by monitoring stripping parameters, is
that the monitoring option is entirely based on a grade or batch. To
further explain, if a particular grade of polymer is processed in the
stripper continuously for 32 hours, a sample of that grade is required
to be taken each operating day, if the sampling compliance
demonstration option is selected. However, if the stripping parameter
monitoring option is selected, the entire length of time the grade is
being processed in the stripper is treated as a single unit.
During the operation of the stripper, the parameters must be
continuously monitored, with a reading of each parameter taken at least
once every 15 minutes. If, during the processing of a grade, all hourly
average parameter values are in accordance with the established levels,
the owner or operator can use the HAP content determined initially in
the calculation of the monthly weighted average, and sampling is not
required. However, if one hourly average value for any parameter is not
in accordance with the established operating parameter, a sample must
be taken and the HAP content determined using specified test methods.
Records of the initial residual HAP content results, along with the
corresponding stripper parameter monitoring results for the sample,
must be maintained. The hourly average monitoring results are required
to be maintained, along with the results of any HAP content tests
conducted due to exceedance of the established parameter monitoring
levels. Records must also be kept of the weight of polymer processed in
each grade, and the monthly weighted average values.
If complying with the residual HAP limitations using stripping
technology, and demonstrating compliance by monitoring stripper
parameters, there are three ways a facility can be in violation of the
standard. First, a monthly weighted average that is above the
limitation is a violation of the standard, as is a failure to sample
and analyze a sample for a grade with an hourly average parameter value
not in accordance with the established monitoring parameter levels. The
third way for a facility to be out of compliance is if the stripper
monitoring data are not sufficient for at least 75 percent of the
grades produced during the month. Stripper data are considered
insufficient if monitoring parameters are obtained for less than 75
percent of the 15-minute periods during the processing of a grade.
2. Compliance Using Add-On Control
If add-on control is the method of compliance selected, there are
two levels of compliance. Initial compliance is based on a source test,
and continuous compliance is based on the daily average of parameter
monitoring results for the control or recovery device.
The initial performance test must consist of three 1-hour runs or
three complete batch cycles, if the duration of the batch cycle is less
than 1 hour. The test runs must be conducted during processing of
``worst-case'' grade, which means the grade with the highest residual
HAP content leaving the stripper. The ``uncontrolled'' residual HAP
content in the latex or wet crumb rubber must be determined, using the
test methods, after the stripper. Then, when the crumb for which the
uncontrolled residual HAP was determined is being processed in the
back-end unit operation being controlled, the inlet and outlet
emissions for the control or recovery device must be determined using
Method 18 or Method 25A. The uncontrolled HAP content is then adjusted
to account for the reduction in emissions by the control or recovery
device, and compared to the levels in the standard. For initial
compliance, the adjusted residual HAP content level for each test run
must be less than the level in today's standards.
During the initial test, the appropriate parameter must be
monitored, and an enforceable ``level'' established as a maximum or
minimum operating parameter based on this monitoring. As
[[Page 46914]]
with continuous front-end process vents, the level is established as
the average of the maximum (or minimum) point values for the three test
runs.
Continuous monitoring must be conducted on the control or recovery
device, and compliance is based on the daily average of the monitoring
results. The monitoring, recordkeeping, and reporting provisions are
the same as the process vent provisions in the HON, which are required
for continuous front-end process vents in today's final standard.
3. Carbon Disulfide Limitations For Styrene Butadiene Rubber By
Emulsion Producers
Today's regulation would reduce carbon disulfide (CS2)
emissions from styrene butadiene rubber producers using an emulsion
process by limiting the concentration of CS2 in the dryer vent
stacks to 45 ppmv. Sulfur-containing shortstopping agents used to
produce certain grades of rubber have been determined to be the source
of CS2 in the dryer stacks. Owners or operators would be required
to develop standard operating procedures for each grade that uses a
sulfur-containing shortstopping agent. These standard operating
procedures would specify the type and amount of agent added, and the
point in the process where the agent is added. One standard operating
procedure can be used for more than one grade if possible.
The owner or operator is required to validate each standard
operating procedure through either a performance test or a
demonstration using engineering assessment. The facility would be in
compliance with this the regulation if the appropriate standard
operating procedure is followed whenever a sulfur-containing
shortstopping agent is used. Facilities that route dryer vents to a
combustion device would be exempt from Sec. 63.500 of the regulation.
D. Wastewater Provisions
Except for back-end wastewater streams originating from equipment
that only produces latex products and back-end wastewater streams at
affected sources that are subject to the residual organic HAP
limitation, the standards require owners and operators to comply with
the wastewater provisions in the HON. Owners and operators of new and
existing sources are required to make a group determination for each
wastewater stream based on the existing source applicability criteria
in the HON: Flow rate and organic HAP concentration. The level of
control required for Group 1 wastewater streams is dependent upon the
organic HAP constituents in the wastewater stream.
The standards also require owners and operators to comply with the
maintenance wastewater requirements in Sec. 63.105 of subpart F. These
provisions require owners and operators to include a description of
procedures for managing wastewaters generated during maintenance in
their startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan.
E. Equipment Leak Provisions
For all subcategories, both existing and new affected sources are
required to comply with the equipment leak standards specified in
subpart H of 40 CFR part 63. In general, subpart H requires owners and
operators to implement a leak detection and repair (LDAR) program,
including various work practice and equipment standards. The subpart H
standards are applicable to equipment in volatile HAP service for 300
or more hours per year (hr/yr). The standards define ``in volatile
organic HAP service'' as being in contact with or containing process
fluid that contains a total of 5 percent or more total HAP. Equipment
subject to the standards are: Valves, pumps, compressors, connectors,
pressure relief devices, open-ended valves or lines, sampling
connection systems, instrumentation systems, agitators, surge control
vessels, bottoms receivers, and closed-vent systems and control
devices.
A few differences to the subpart H standards are contained in this
final rule. These differences include not requiring the submittal of an
Initial Notification or Implementation Plan and allowing 150 days
(rather than 90 days) to submit the Notification of Compliance Status.
In addition, the exemptions discussed earlier for storage vessels are
also applicable for surge control vessels and bottoms receivers.
Affected sources subject to today's final rule and currently
complying with the NESHAP for Certain Processes Subject to the
Negotiated Regulation for Equipment Leaks (40 CFR part 63, subpart I)
are required to continue to comply with subpart I until the compliance
date of this final rule, at which point in time they must comply with
today's rule and are no longer subject to subpart I. Further, affected
sources complying with subpart I through a quality improvement program
are allowed to continue these programs without interruption as part of
complying with today's rule. In other words, becoming subject to
today's standards does not restart or reset the ``compliance clock'' as
it relates to reduced burden earned through a quality improvement
program.
F. Emissions Averaging Provisions
The EPA is allowing emissions averaging among continuous front-end
process vents, batch front-end process vents, aggregate batch vents,
back-end process operations, storage vessels, and wastewater streams
within an existing affected source. New affected sources are not
allowed to use emissions averaging. Emissions averaging is not allowed
between subcategories; it is only allowed between emission points
within the same affected source. Under emissions averaging, a system of
``credits'' and ``debits'' is used to determine whether an affected
source is achieving the required emission reductions. Twenty emission
points per plant site are allowed in the set of emissions averaging
plans submitted for the plant site, with an additional 5 emission
points allowed if pollution prevention measures are used.
G. Compliance and Performance Test Provisions and Monitoring
Requirements
Compliance and performance test provisions and monitoring
requirements contained in the final standards are very similar to those
found in the HON. Each type of emission point included in the standards
is discussed briefly in the following paragraphs. Also, significant
differences from the parameter monitoring requirements found in the HON
are discussed.
1. Storage Vessels
Monitoring and compliance provisions for storage vessel
improvements include periodic visual inspections of vessels, roof
seals, and fittings, as well as internal inspections. If a control
device is used, the owner or operator must identify the appropriate
monitoring procedures to be followed in order to demonstrate
compliance. Monitoring parameters and procedures for many of the
control devices likely to be used are identified in the final
standards. Reports and records of inspections, repairs, and other
information necessary to determine compliance are also required by the
final standards.
2. Continuous Front-end Process Vents
The final standards for continuous front-end process vents require
the owner or operator to either calculate a TRE index value to
determine the group status of each continuous front-end process vent or
to comply with the control requirements. The TRE index value is
determined after the last recovery device in the process or prior to
venting to the atmosphere. The TRE calculation involves an emissions
test or
[[Page 46915]]
engineering assessment and use of the TRE equations specified in the
final standards.
Performance test provisions are included for Group 1 continuous
front-end process vents to verify that control devices or recovery
achieve the required performance. Monitoring provisions necessary to
demonstrate compliance are also included in the standards.
3. Batch Front-End Process Vents
Similar to the provisions for continuous front-end process vents,
there is a procedure for determining the group status of batch front-
end process vents. This procedure is based on annual emissions and
annual average flow rate of the batch front-end process vent. Equations
for estimating and procedures for measuring annual emissions and annual
average flow rates are provided in the final standards. The use of
engineering assessment for the group determination is also allowed.
Performance test provisions are included for Group 1 batch front-
end process vents to verify that control devices achieve the required
performance. Monitoring provisions necessary to demonstrate compliance
are also included in the final standard.
For Group 2 batch front-end process vents, the standard requires
owners and operators to establish a batch cycle limitation. The batch
cycle limitation restricts the number of batch cycles that can be
accomplished per year. This enforceable limitation ensures that a Group
2 batch front-end process vent does not become a Group 1 batch front-
end process vent as a result of running more batch cycles than
anticipated when the group determination was made. The determination of
the batch cycle limitation is not tied to any previous production
amounts. An affected source may set the batch cycle limitation at any
level it desires as long as the batch front-end process vent remains a
Group 2 batch front-end process vent. Alternatively the standards would
allow owners or operators to declare any Group 2 batch front-end
process vent to be a Group 1 batch front-end process vent. In such
cases, control of the batch process front-end vent is required.
4. Back-End Process Vents
The final rule specifies the performance tests, test methods (with
the exception of residual HAP reference test methods), and monitoring
requirements necessary to determine that the allowed back-end emission
limitations are achieved. The following paragraphs discuss each of
these.
Performance tests and test methods for residual HAP limitations.
Initial performance tests, in the traditional sense, are required for
facilities complying with the back-end operations provisions using add-
on control. Testing is required for all control and recovery devices,
other than flares and certain boilers and process heaters. The back-end
process provisions require the use of approved test methods.
Initial tests are required for facilities complying by using
stripper parameter monitoring. The purpose of this initial testing is
to establish correlations between residual HAP contents and stripper
operating parameters. Within a few months of the promulgation of this
regulation, the EPA will promulgate test methods for determining the
residual HAP content in crumb and latex.
If an owner or operator complies with the back-end standards by
sampling, periodic sampling and testing is required. The residual HAP
test methods would also be used for these analyses.
Performance tests and test methods for carbon disulfide emission
limitations for SBRE facilities. Initial performance tests are one
option for ``verifying'' each standard operating procedure as an
acceptable procedure that results in carbon disulfide concentrations of
45 ppmv or less in the dryer stacks at SBRE facilities. Standard
operating procedures may also be verified through engineering
assessments. If the performance testing option is selected, one
performance test is required for each standard operating procedure.
Method 18 or 25A is specified to measure the carbon disulfide
concentration. Additional verifications are not required unless a new
standard operating procedure is added, or an existing standard
operating procedure is revised.
Monitoring requirements. Control and recovery devices and strippers
used to comply with the final rule need to be maintained and operated
properly if the required level of control is to be achieved on a
continuing basis. Monitoring of control and recovery device and
stripper parameters can be used to ensure that such proper operation
and maintenance are occurring.
For control and recovery devices, the back-end process operation
standard uses the same list of parameters discussed above for
continuous front-end process vents. For strippers, the regulation
requires the monitoring of temperature, pressure, steaming rates, and a
parameter indicative of residence time.
5. Wastewater
For demonstrating compliance with the various requirements, the
final standard allows the owners or operators to either conduct
performance tests or to document compliance using engineering
calculations. Appropriate compliance and monitoring provisions are
included in the final standard.
6. Equipment Leaks
The final standard retains the use of Method 21 to detect leaks.
Method 21 requires a portable organic vapor analyzer to monitor for
leaks from equipment in use. A ``leak'' is a concentration specified in
the regulation for the type of equipment being monitored and is based
on the instrument response to methane (the calibration gas) in the air.
The observed screening value may require adjustment for the response
factor relative to methane if the weighted response factor of the
stream exceeds a specified multiplier. The final rule requires the use
of Method 18 or Method 25A to determine the organic content of a
process stream. To test for leaks in a batch system, test procedures
using either a gas or a liquid for pressure testing the batch system
are specified to test for leaks.
7. Continuous Parameter Monitoring
The final standards require owners or operators to establish
parameter monitoring levels. The standards provide the owner or
operator the flexibility to establish the levels based on site-specific
information. Site-specific levels can best accommodate variation in
emission point characteristics and control device designs. Three
procedures for establishing these levels are provided in the final
standards. They are based on performance tests; engineering
assessments, performance tests, and/or manufacturer's recommendations;
and engineering assessments and/or manufacturer's recommendations.
While the establishment of a level based solely on performance tests is
preapproved by the Administrator, values determined using the last two
procedures, which may or may not use the results of performance tests,
must be approved by the Administrator for each individual case.
The final standards require the availability of at least 75 percent
of monitoring data to constitute a valid day's worth of data for
continuous and batch front-end process vents. Failure to have a valid
day's worth of monitoring data is considered an excursion. The criteria
for determining a valid day's or
[[Page 46916]]
hour's worth of data are provided in the final standards. A certain
number of excused excursions have been allowed for in the final
standards; these provisions are the same as the provisions in the HON.
The standards allow a maximum of 6 excused excursions for the first
semiannual reporting period, decreasing by 1 excursion each semiannual
reporting period. Starting with the sixth semiannual reporting period
(i.e., the end of the third year of compliance) and thereafter,
affected sources are allowed one excused excursion per semiannual
reporting period. As is always the case, a State has the discretion to
impose more stringent requirements than the requirements of NESHAP and
other federal requirements and could choose not to allow the excused
excursion provisions contained in these final standards.
H. Recordkeeping and Reporting Provisions
The final standards require owners or operators of affected sources
to maintain required records for a period of at least 5 years. The
final standards require that the following reports be submitted, as
applicable: (1) Precompliance Report, (2) Emissions Averaging Plan, (3)
Notification of Compliance Status report, (4) Periodic Reports, and (5)
other reports (e.g., notifications of storage vessel internal
inspections).
Specific recordkeeping and reporting requirements are specified in
each section that addresses an individual emission point (e.g.,
Sec. 63.486 for batch front-end process vents). The recordkeeping and
reporting provisions related to the affected source as a whole (e.g.,
types of reports, such as the Notification of Compliance Status) are
found in Sec. 63.506. For example, Sec. 63.491 requires an owner or
operator to record the batch cycle limitation for each Group 2 batch
front-end process vent. Section 63.492 goes on to require the owner or
operator to submit this information in the Notification of Compliance
Status as specified in Sec. 63.506. Finally, Sec. 63.506 requires
submittal of the information specified in Sec. 63.492.
III. Summary of Impacts
This section presents a summary of the air, non-air environmental
(waste and solid waste), energy, cost, and economic impacts resulting
from the control of HAP emissions under this final rule.
A. Facilities Affected by These NESHAP
The promulgated rule would affect BR, EPI, EPR, HYP, NEO, NBR, PBR,
PSR, and SBR facilities that are major sources in themselves, or that
are located at a major source. Based on available information, all of
the facilities at which these elastomers are produced were judged to be
major sources for the purpose of developing these standards. (Final
determination of major source status occurs as part of the compliance
determination process undertaken by each individual source.)
Impacts are presented relative to a baseline reflecting the level
of control in the absence of the rule. The current level of control was
well understood, because emissions and control data were collected on
each facility included in the analysis. The impacts for existing
sources were estimated by bringing each facility's control level up to
today's standards.
Impacts are not assessed for new sources because it was projected
that no new sources are expected to begin operation through 1999. For
more information on this projection, see the New Source Memo in the
SID.
B. Primary Air Impacts
Today's standards are estimated to reduce HAP emissions from all
existing sources of listed elastomers by 6,400 Mg/yr. This represents a
48 percent reduction from baseline. Table 4 summarizes the HAP emission
reductions for each individual subcategory.
C. Other Environmental Impacts
The total criteria air pollutant emissions resulting from process
vent and wastewater control of today's standards are estimated to be
around 178 Mg/yr, with NOX emissions from incinerators and boilers
accounting for around 155 Mg/yr. Minimal wastewater or solid and
hazardous waste impacts are projected.
D. Energy Impacts
The total nationwide energy demands that would result from
implementing the process vent and wastewater controls are around 1.10
x 1012 Btu annually.
Table 4. HAP Emission Reduction by Subcategory
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HAP emission reduction (Mg/yr)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Percentage
Subcategory Front-end Back-end reduction
Storage process process Wastewater Equipment Total from
vents operations operations leaks baseline
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Butyl rubber................................................. 0 211 0 102 293 606 64
Epichlorohydrin elastomer.................................... 4 0 0 0 120 124 77
Ethylene propylene rubber.................................... 2 85 979 0 1,020 2,012 62
Halobutyl rubber............................................. 62 38 0 0 233 335 26
HypalonTM.................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Neoprene..................................................... 0 258 0 0 96 354 48
Nitrile butadiene latex...................................... 0 0 0 94 41 135 85
Nitrile butadiene rubber..................................... 1 0 0 0 364 365 62
Polybutadiene rubber/styrene butadiene rubber by solution.... 0 0 882 0 637 1,519 44
Polysulfide rubber........................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Styrene butadiene latex...................................... 0 22 0 272 332 627 44
Styrene butadiene rubber by emulsion......................... 0 0 195 48 0 243 23
Total--(percent of total reduction).......................... 69, (1) 615, (10) 2,056, (32) 516, (8) 3,136, (49) 6,392 48
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
E. Cost Impacts
Cost impacts include the capital costs of new control equipment,
the cost of energy (supplemental fuel, steam, and electricity) required
to operate control equipment, operation and maintenance costs, and the
cost savings generated by reducing the loss of valuable product in the
form of emissions. Also, cost impacts include the costs of monitoring,
recordkeeping, and reporting associated with today's standards. Average
cost
[[Page 46917]]
effectiveness ($/Mg of pollutant removed) is also presented as part of
cost impacts and is determined by dividing the annual cost by the
annual emission reduction. Table 5 summarizes the estimated capital and
annual costs and average cost effectiveness by subcategory.
Under the promulgated rule, it is estimated that total capital
costs for existing sources would be $26 million (1989 dollars), and
total annual costs would by $18.4 million (1989 dollars) per year. It
is expected that the actual compliance cost impacts of the rule would
be less than presented because of the potential to use common control
devices, upgrade existing control devices, use other less expensive
control technologies, implement pollution prevention technologies, or
use emissions averaging. Because the effect of such practices is highly
site-specific and data were unavailable to estimate how often the lower
cost compliance practices could be utilized, it is not possible to
quantify the amount by which actual compliance costs would be reduced.
Table 5. Summary of Regulatory Costs
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TAC b-- AER c--(Mg/ CE d--($/
TCI a-- (1000$/yr) yr) Mg)
-------------------------------------------------------------------(1000$)--------------------------------------
Butyl......................................................... 691 1,316 606 2,200
Epichlorohydrin............................................... 491 241 124 1,900
Ethylene Propylene............................................ 5,854 3,506 2,012 1,700
Halobutyl..................................................... 328 322 335 1,000
Hypalon............................................. 0 0 0 N/A
Neoprene...................................................... 560 897 354 2,500
Nitrile butadiene latex....................................... 465 243 135 1,800
Nitrile butadiene rubber...................................... 397 444 365 1,200
Polybutadine/styrene butadiene rubber by solution............. 11,780 8,335 1,519 e 5,500
Polysulfide................................................... 0 0 0 N/A
Styrene butadiene latex....................................... 1,480 1,028 627 1,600
Styrene butadiene rubber by emulsion.......................... 3,942 2,112 243 e8,700
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
a ``TCI'' represents Total Capital Investment.
b ``TAC'' represents Total Annualized Cost, including the monitoring, recordkeeping, and reporting cost.
c ``AER'' represents the Annual Emission Reduction.
d ``CE'' represents Cost-Effectiveness.
e This cost-effectiveness is primarily due to the high costs estimated to control back-end process emissions to
the MACT floor level. The costs developed are costs for incineration devices to sufficient back-end vents so
that emissions will be reduced to a level equivalent to the level achieved by meeting the residual HAP limit
by stripping. Extrapolation of industry estimates of the cost of enhanced stripping place the cost of enhanced
stripping as low as 10 percent of the cost of incineration.
F. Economic Impacts
Economic impacts for the regulatory alternatives analyzed at
proposal show that the estimated price increases for the affected
chemicals range from 0.2 percent for nitrile butadiene latex (NBL) to
2.5 percent for BR. Estimated decreases in production range from 0.7
percent for NBL to 5.0 percent for BR. With the reduced estimate in
costs from proposal, the economic impacts of the final rule should be
lower than those estimated at proposal. No closures of facilities are
expected as a result of the standard.
Three aspects of the analysis are likely to lead to an overestimate
of the impacts. First, the economic analysis model assumes that all
affected firms compete in a national market, though in reality some
firms may be protected from competitors by regional or local trade
barriers. Second, facilities with the highest control cost per unit of
production are assumed to also have the highest baseline production
costs per unit. This assumption may not always be true, because the
baseline production costs per unit are not known, and thus, the
estimated impacts, particularly for the smaller firms, may be too high.
Finally, economic impacts may be overstated, because the alternative
for halobutyl rubber and butyl rubber that was used in this analysis is
more stringent and more costly than the selected regulatory
alternative.
For more information regarding the impacts of the final standards,
consult the Basis and Purpose Document (see the Supplementary
Information section near the beginning of the preamble).
IV. Significant Comments and Changes to the Proposed Standards
In response to comments received on the proposed standards, changes
have been made to the final standards. While several of these changes
are clarifications designed to make the EPA's intent clearer, a number
of them are significant changes to the requirements of the proposed
standards. A summary of the substantive comments and/or changes made
since the proposal are described in the following sections. The
rationale for these changes and detailed responses to public comments
are included in the Basis and Purpose Document for the final standards.
Additional information is contained in the docket for these final
standards (see ADDRESSES section of this preamble).
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutant Emissions
from the Production of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) Resin,
Styrene Acrylonitrile (SAN) Resin, Methyl Methacrylate Acrylonitrile
Butadiene Styrene (MABS) Resin, Methyl Methacrylate Butadiene Styrene
(MBS) Resin, Polystyrene Resin, Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)
Resin, and Nitrile Resin (Group IV Polymers and Resins) (40 CFR part
63, subpart JJJ), were developed concurrently with subpart U. Many of
the basic requirements of the two rules are alike, and in some cases
they are identical. Subpart V was proposed on March 29, 1995, and
comments from the public were received. In many instances, similar
comments were received on analogous sections of subparts U and V. In
these instances, the responses to comments and appropriate rule changes
were coordinated. However, in some instances, comments were received on
subpart V, and not on subpart U, that were applicable to provisions of
subpart U. A summary of these comments can be found in the ``Hazardous
Air Pollutant Emissions from Process Units in the Thermoplastics
Manufacturing Industry--Basis and Purpose Document for Final Standards,
Summary of Public Comments and Responses'' (EPA-453/R-96-001b, May
1996; Docket Number
[[Page 46918]]
A-92-45, Item Number V-C-1). In a few cases, the EPA decided that a
change to subpart U based on these comments was appropriate. These
changes did not result in a change in the stringency of the subpart U
provisions, but were typically changes to improve the clarity of the
rule. The one area where a subpart V comment resulted in a tangible
change to subpart U was in the batch vent applicability determination;
that is, an affected source is allowed to determine the group status of
a batch front-end process vent based on its primary product.
A. Applicability Provisions and Definitions
1. Designation of Affected Source and the Definition of EPPU
Commenters expressed confusion about the definitions of affected
source and EPPU in the proposed rule. The EPA reviewed both definitions
and agreed the definitions needed clarification. Therefore, the EPA has
revised the language describing affected source and EPPU in the final
rule. The definition of affected source has been clarified, as
discussed in section II and paragraph A.3 of this section.
The definition of EPPU was revised and now includes a list of the
equipment that comprises an EPPU. Because wastewater operations are
ancillary equipment and are often used by more than one EPPU and may be
used by more than one affected source, they are not included as part of
the EPPU.
2. Definition of Organic HAP
Numerous commenters recommended that the EPA restrict the list of
organic HAP in the final rule to those that are used or are present in
significant quantities at EPPUs or those that are listed in the HON,
subpart F, table 2. The EPA agreed with the commenters that a table
providing a listing of the specific organic HAP expected to be
regulated for each subcategory covered by the rule should be included
in the final rule. Therefore, the definition of organic HAP was revised
to specify those organic HAP known to be used or present in significant
quantities for each subcategory. This list is provided in table 7 of
the final rule.
This revised definition of organic HAP was developed using
available process description information received from industry and
gathered from available literature. Because there may be additional
organic HAP present at an affected source, the final rule requires
owners or operators to notify the EPA of the presence of any additional
organic HAP based on the following criteria: (1) Organic HAP is
knowingly introduced into the manufacturing process, or has been or
will be reported under any Federal or State program, such as TRIS or
Title V; and (2) Organic HAP is presented in Table 2 of subpart F.
3. Determining New Source Status
The EPA received comments regarding the process for determining if
new or existing source requirements would apply to a particular EPPU.
In response to those comments, the EPA has revised the provisions in
the final standards. Under the final standards, new affected sources
are created under each of the following four situations: (1) If a plant
site with an existing affected source producing an elastomer product as
its primary product constructs a new EPPU also producing the same
elastomer product as it primary product, the new EPPU is a new affected
source if the new EPPU has the potential to emit more than 10 tons per
year of a single HAP, or 25 tons per year of all HAP; (2) when an EPPU
is constructed at a major source plant site where the elastomer product
was not previously produced; (3) if a new EPPU is constructed at a new
plant site (i.e., green field site) that will be a major source; and
(4) when an existing affected source undergoes reconstruction, thus
making the previously existing source subject to new source standards.
This approach to defining a new affected source was selected in
order to make subpart U more consistent with the HON. This standard
differs from the HON, however, in that it applies to multiple source
categories. Thus, unlike the HON, a newly added EPPU at a facility is
covered by this rule even if that EPPU is in a different source
category from the existing EPPUs at the facility. It is the EPA's
position that the addition of a process unit in a different source
category is a new source and must meet the requirements for new sources
even though the EPPU may have the potential to emit less than 10 tons
per year of a single HAP or 25 tons per year of all HAP. Indeed, if a
source covered by another MACT standard (i.e., a different source
category) were built at a HON facility, that source would be subject to
the new source requirements under that MACT standard.
4. Flexible Operation Units
The final rule has retained the HON concept of flexible operation
units, but the language in the final rule has been significantly
modified to more adequately address polymer production facilities. The
final provisions require flexible operation units with an elastomer as
the primary product to commit to complying with the elastomers rule at
all times, regardless of what product they are producing at any
particular time. The primary product for a flexible operation unit is
determined based on projected production for the next 5 years.
B. Storage Vessel Provisions
In comments received on the storage tank provisions, the EPA noted
a common misinterpretation of the proposed regulation related to the
distinction between a ``storage vessel'' and a ``surge control
vessel''. The EPA determined that many of the comments received on
``storage vessels'' were in fact referring to vessels that fall under
the definition of surge control vessel. The EPA suggests that owners
and operators of facilities subject to subpart U pay careful attention
to these definitions.
1. Applicability Requirements
Several comments were received requesting that the EPA consider the
exemption of vessels storing specific HAP or products. In fact, one
commenter indicated that the EPA should conduct a full floor analysis
for new and existing storage vessels, considering each chemical
separately and the various sizes of tanks for each subcategory. Other
commenters supported the exemption of stripped latex storage tanks from
control requirements, but also declared that high conversion SBR or
polybutadiene latex storage tanks should also be exempt. Another
commenter stated that tanks downstream of EPR stripping operations
should be exempt from storage vessel requirements, just as those
containing latex downstream of stripping operations are exempt.
The EPA does not believe that the floor analyses for each HAP
stored at elastomer production facilities are required to be conducted
under the Act, nor should they be conducted. The Act requires the EPA
to set emission standards for HAP on a source category (or subcategory)
basis; it does not compel the EPA to establish separate control
measures for each HAP emitted by a source in the category. As suggested
by the commenter, this approach could result in an incomplete standard,
since it would not include a standard for a listed HAP that may be used
in the future by elastomer facilities. Further, consideration of
individual HAP storage vessel controls would not be representative of
facility-wide storage vessel control levels.
[[Page 46919]]
However, the EPA believes that it is reasonable to exempt a storage
vessel from the final regulation when it is clear that the vessel would
never be a Group 1 storage vessel. The EPA determined that the
following HAP used in the elastomer industry have low enough vapor
pressures that vessels storing these HAP would never be Group 1:
acrylamide, epichlorohydrin, and styrene. Therefore, the final rule
exempts storage vessels containing these HAP at existing sources. This
exemption is also extended to surge control vessels and bottoms
receivers at existing sources.
In addition, the EPA is convinced that an SBL storage vessel (high
conversion or otherwise) would never contain sufficient HAP to exceed
the vapor pressure cutoff for Group 1 storage vessels. This is
primarily due to the low vapor pressure of styrene. Therefore, the
final rule exempts all SBL storage vessels, surge control vessels, and
bottoms receivers from the requirements of Secs. 63.484 and 63.502.
Finally, the EPA agrees that storage vessels, surge control
vessels, and bottoms receivers downstream of stripping operations at
ethylene-propylene rubber facilities that are in compliance with the
provisions of Sec. 63.494 through the use of stripping technology
should be exempt from the storage vessel, surge control vessel, and
bottoms receiver requirements. Further, the EPA believes that these
exemptions should also extend to the other subcategories required to
comply with the residual organic HAP limitations in Sec. 63.494(a)(1)-
(3). However, since the residual organic HAP content of rubber leaving
the stripping operations at ethylene propylene rubber and
polybutadiene/ styrene-butadiene rubber by solution facilities
complying with these provisions through the use of add-on control is
not restricted, these exemptions are not available to these facilities.
2. Emission Limits
Commenters requested that the regulation allow the use of
alternative storage vessel/surge control vessel control techniques. Two
commenters described specific control systems present at their
facilities, and asked that the EPA include allowances for these systems
in the rule. They stressed that such allowances should consider the
overall effectiveness of the control system, and not just the
efficiency of the control or recovery device.
The EPA agrees that it is reasonable to consider the overall
effectiveness of a control ``system'' in determining compliance with
the rule, and that such systems that have been demonstrated to be
equivalent to the reference control technology should be allowed. While
the EPA believes the system described by the commenter could be
demonstrated to be equivalent to the reference control technology for
surge control vessels, the commenter did not provide sufficient
documentation to allow a complete evaluation of equivalence.
However, the EPA maintains that subpart U, as proposed, already
provides the opportunity for the commenter, as well as other elastomer
production facilities, to demonstrate equivalency of alternative
control techniques. For storage vessels, Sec. 63.121 of subpart G
addresses the procedures to obtain approval of alternative means of
emission limitations. For surge control vessels and bottoms receivers,
these procedures are contained in Sec. 63.177 of subpart H. In summary,
these sections specify that the owner or operator must submit
documentation of the equivalency determination to the Administrator.
C. Continuous Front-end Process Vent Provisions
1. Applicability Requirements
Several commenters stated that the exemption from halide controls
for butyl/halobutyl production should be extended to all rubber
manufacturers, since halogen-containing compounds or by-products have
historically been routed to flares. Another commenter agreed with the
exemptions for butyl and halobutyl production facilities, but pointed
out that this exemption should only be applicable to existing sources.
Only one existing facility was identified in each the halobutyl and
the butyl rubber subcategories. At both of these facilities,
halogenated vent streams were vented to a flare and/or boiler. Since
both of these subcategories were single-facility subcategories, the
MACT floor was determined to be the existing level of control. The EPA
examined the impacts of requiring halogenated vent streams at the
halobutyl and butyl rubber facilities to comply with the proposed
requirements for all other elastomer subcategories (i.e, the HON-level
of control). The EPA concluded that the costs associated with this
level of control were not reasonable, given the associated emission
reduction. Therefore, the proposed regulation allowed halogenated
streams at halobutyl and butyl rubber facilities that were routed to a
flare or boiler prior to proposal to continue to be controlled with
these combustion devices, without additional control for the resulting
halides.
Prior to proposal, the EPA was aware of one EPR facility that also
routed a halogenated vent stream to a boiler. However, since only one
of five EPR facilities reported this situation, the EPA concluded that
this level of control was not the MACT floor for EPR. Other EPR
producers claimed that they also had halogenated streams at their
facilities, but none offered any information to quantify the amount of
halogens in the stream to determine if the streams could be classified
as halogenated.
After proposal, the EPA learned that chlorinated organic compounds
are present in streams at all of the EPR facilities. These compounds
are a by-product of the polymerization reaction, resulting from a
chlorinated catalyst. At all four of the facilities contacted, the
streams containing the chlorinated compounds are routed to either a
flare or boiler. Due to the widely varying concentration in the stream,
all facilities indicated that it was difficult, if not impossible, to
accurately determine the halogen atom concentration in the vent stream.
However, all expressed confidence that at times, the halide threshold
in the incoming stream was exceeded.
Therefore, the EPA concluded that four of the five EPR facilities
have halogenated streams that are routed to either a boiler or flare.
For this reason, the EPA has determined that the floor for EPR is the
existing level of control for these halogenated vent streams. In
addition, as with halobutyl and butyl rubber, the EPA does not believe
that it would be cost-effective to require new incinerators and
scrubbers to be installed at these facilities, when the only net
emission reduction would be the reduction of the hydrochloric acid,
since the reduction of the halogenated organic compound in the
incinerator would be the same as was already being achieved in the
boiler or flare. However, as noted above, sufficient stream-specific
information was not available to conduct this analysis. Therefore, the
final rule has been changed to extend the exemption for existing
halogenated streams routed to a boiler or flare to EPR producers.
Further, the final rule specifies that this exemption does not apply to
new sources.
2. Emission Limits
Based on a commenter's request, the final rule exempts a vent
stream routed to an internal combustion engine as primary fuel from
source testing requirements. The final rule also requires that the on/
off status of internal
[[Page 46920]]
combustion be monitored as a means of demonstrating compliance with
these control requirements.
D. Batch Front-End Process Vent Provisions
Commenters believed that batch front-end process vent provisions
were inappropriate and unnecessarily burdensome. Several commenters
disagreed with the EPA's reliance on the Batch Processes ACT document
in the development of the batch vent provisions, claiming that it was
not appropriate to the elastomer manufacturing industry.
The EPA believes that the potential for HAP emissions from batch
operations at elastomer production facilities warrant control. While
the EPA disagrees with the statement that the provisions are
inappropriate, the EPA agrees with comments regarding the complexity of
the proposed batch vent provisions. Therefore, in the final rule these
provisions were simplified. Many of these changes are discussed below.
In response to comments on the batch front-end process vent
applicability provisions, the volatility class concept has been
eliminated. The Batch Processes ACT developed an annual threshold
emission level for each of three volatility classes. The EPA initially
judged that selection of a single annual threshold emission level would
not be appropriate and included all three levels in the proposed
standards. However, upon further review, the EPA found no adverse
impact would result from the use of a single annual threshold emission
level and, indeed, the final standards have been significantly
simplified. Besides removing the requirement to determine the
volatility class, the final standards contain only one equation for
determining the cutoff flow rate (Sec. 63.488(f)) which is the last
step in the group determination process.
A commenter on the proposed Polymers and Resins IV (40 CFR part 63,
subpart V) regulation suggested changing the batch vent group
determination provisions to only utilize emissions data from an EPPU's
primary product. The EPA agreed that to base the group determination on
a single product could, if appropriately applied, provide acceptable
results from an environmental perspective, while simplifying the
compliance requirements for and improving the enforceability of the
batch front-end process vent standards. Therefore, the final standards
contain provisions allowing the owner or operator of an affected source
to perform the group determination for batch front-end process vents
based on annualized production of a single batch product. However, the
EPA does not consider it to be appropriate from an environmental
perspective to allow anything other than the worst-case HAP emitting
batch product to be considered when basing applicability on a single
product. Therefore, the final standards specify that the worst-case HAP
emitting batch product be used when an owner or operator chooses to
annualize a single product for purposes of determining applicability.
The final standards define the worst-case HAP emitting product and
describe how emissions are to be annualized to represent full-time
production, where full-time production does not necessarily mean
operating at maximum production rate. Since the proposed batch vent
provisions were similar between subparts U and V, the EPA decided that
this change was also appropriate for subpart U.
Several commenters stated that the proposed provisions for the
methods allowed for the calculation of batch front-end process vent
emissions were overly restrictive. The proposed rule required that
emissions be calculated using either the emission estimation equations
or source testing. If the owner or operator could demonstrate that both
the equations and source testing were inappropriate, then they were
allowed to use engineering assessment to calculate HAP emissions. The
commenters believed that an affected source should be allowed to use
engineering assessments without having to demonstrate that source
testing was inappropriate.
The EPA maintains that it is imperative that a consistent technique
for the estimation of batch front-end process vent emissions be used,
which is provided through the emission estimation equations. The EPA
believes the data required to use the batch front-end process vent
emissions estimation equations should be obtainable with reasonable
effort. The final standards continue to require use of the emissions
estimation equations, unless the owner or operator can demonstrate that
these equations are inappropriate.
However, the EPA has concluded that direct measurement of emissions
through testing may prove to be difficult and may or may not provide an
increased assurance of accuracy over the use of engineering assessment.
Therefore, if an owner or operator can demonstrate that the emissions
estimation equations are not appropriate, the final standards allow the
selection of either direct measurement or engineering assessment.
Further, criteria for demonstrating that the emissions estimation
equations are not appropriate to a specific batch emissions episode
have been added to the final standards. These criteria require either:
(1) The availability of test data that demonstrate a greater than 20
percent discrepancy between the test value and the estimated value, or
(2) that the owner or operator demonstrate to the Administrator that
the emissions estimation equations are not appropriate for a given
batch emissions episode.
E. Back-End Process Operation Provisions
The back-end process operation provisions received the majority of
the comments on the proposed rule. Significant comments were received
on practically every aspect of these provisions. Following is a summary
of the comments that resulted in notable changes to the back-end
process operation requirements.
1. Averaging Period
Several commenters declared that compliance based on a weekly
average HAP limitation was unreasonable, and that compliance should be
demonstrated on the basis of a monthly (or 30-day) rolling average
instead. These commenters claimed that requiring compliance based on a
weekly average fails to provide adequate operational flexibility for
manufacturers to produce different grades of polymers in accordance
with customer demands.
Upon investigation of this issue, the EPA concluded that a monthly
averaging period for the residual HAP limitations was more appropriate.
Changing to a monthly averaging period would provide more operational
flexibility to elastomer producers, while maintaining the same annual
emission reduction.
2. Residual Organic HAP Limitations
Commenters objected to numerous aspects of the residual organic HAP
limitations. Most of these comments were directed towards the methods
used to determine the back-end MACT floors. Discussed below are
comments on definitions, test methods, and other areas that affect the
determination of the residual organic HAP limitations. The EPA
addressed these comments and re-assessed the MACT floors.
Definition of crumb rubber dry weight. Comments stated that, for
solution processes, the definition of ``crumb rubber dry weight''
should not exclude extender oils and carbon black for compliance
purposes, because these are an integral part of the polymer. The EPA
agrees with these comments, and has
[[Page 46921]]
revised the definition of crumb rubber dry weight to reflect this
decision.
Residual organic HAP test methods. Concurrent with the proposal of
subpart U, the EPA proposed three residual HAP test methods--one each
for SBRE, PBR/SBRS, and EPR. Several commenters stated that no single
analytical method would produce consistent results for all polymers,
and consequently, each company should be allowed to demonstrate
compliance using a company-specific method that is comparable to the
EPA test method.
After careful review and consideration of this issue, the EPA
agreed with the commenters and has undergone an extensive effort to
rectify this situation. The EPA concluded that it was appropriate to
allow every interested company to validate their own test method using
a modified version of 40 CFR part 63, appendix A, Method 301.
A total of nine test methods were submitted (three for EPR, three
for SBRE, and three for PBR/SBRS). The modified Method 301 analysis
performed allows each company to validate their own test method, and
seven of the ten affected companies have done so. Therefore, each
source has a compliance method available for determining residual HAP.
The EPA believes that it would be helpful if the industry had access to
all validated test methods, and is in the process of reviewing the
methods and validation data that were submitted, and has preliminarily
indicated that approval of all nine methods is anticipated. The EPA
intends to promulgate these methods as appendix A Methods 310 a, b, and
c for EPR, Methods 312 a, b, and c for SBRE, and Methods 313 a, b, and
c for PBR/SBRS. However, since the approval and subsequent promulgation
of the methods has not yet occurred, this final rule does not stipulate
the methods to be used to determine residual organic HAP. Upon
promulgation of these methods, the Agency will propose modifications to
subpart U to specify that these methods be used to determine residual
organic HAP.
Furthermore, the affected industry has been intimately involved
with all activity associated with the EPA's promulgation of the
residual organic HAP test methods. The EPA held meetings with industry
representatives to discuss their comments on the proposed methods, and
to discuss procedures for validating company test methods. Every
company that was expected to be subject to the back-end residual
organic HAP limitations was invited to these meetings. As noted above,
a total of nine test methods were submitted. These methods were from
seven companies, leaving only three affected companies that decided not
to submit methods. Representatives of each of those three companies
which did not submit test methods were in attendance at one or more of
the meetings and are therefore knowledgeable about the test methods.
Since industry's submittal of the test methods, the EPA has worked
closely with industry representatives to finalize the methods.
Therefore, the EPA contends that all affected companies should be well
aware of the methods that will be promulgated.
As noted earlier, the final approval of these test methods is
upcoming. It is anticipated that these methods will be promulgated in
the autumn of 1996. The EPA does not believe that the interval between
the promulgation of subpart U and the promulgation of these residual
organic HAP test methods impairs the ability of any source to comply
with the requirements by the specified compliance date. This is the
case because affected sources are not required to be in compliance
until three years after promulgation of the rule.
MACT floor determination. Commenters indicated that the selection
of a MACT floor ``somewhere between the mean, median, and mode'' did
not represent central tendency. They maintained that a mean is the
correct approach for establishing the MACT floor. The EPA agreed that
one measure of central tendency should be used to establish the average
and decided that the mean was the most appropriate measure for the
residual organic HAP limitations floor determinations. In some
situations, the use of the mean can result in a floor level of control
that is not represented by any available control technology. However,
this did not apply to this situation, where the emissions used to
determine the floor were a result of process-specific stripping
techniques, and not specific add-on control technologies.
For EPR and PBR/SBRS, commenters stated that combining data
received from different companies using different sampling and
analytical methods, without establishing whether the methods achieve
comparable results, was not an appropriate way to establish residual
HAP limits. The commenters stated that if production figures and dryer
stack testing results were used to establish these limits, these
results cannot be equated to those from crumb sampling at the EPA's
designated sampling point, because there are numerous potential
emission sources between the proposed sampling point and the stack
testing locations. In addition, commenters indicated that the proposed
limitation did not recognize the fact that residual HAP may remain in
the polymer after finishing. Finally, the commenters also stated that
using annual emissions and limited weekly data to establish weekly
limits is inherently uncertain, and may have resulted in an
inappropriate standard.
In the original MACT floor analyses, the EPA presumed that the
back-end emission factor calculated from the reported emissions and
production was equivalent to the residual HAP levels in the crumb
leaving the stripping operations. Inherent in this analysis was the
assumption that the companies reported total HAP emissions from all
back-end emission sources, rather than only a portion of these sources.
Upon receipt of these comments, the EPA again contacted each EPR
and PBR/SBRS production facility to (1) verify the emissions numbers
used to determine the back-end emission factor, (2) discuss the
correlation of the methods used to estimate the original emission
estimates and the residual organic HAP test methods undergoing
validation, (3) determine the appropriate production, including oil
extender weight, to use in determining the emission factor, (4) obtain
information related to residual HAP remaining in the product after
finishing, and (5) obtain short-term residual HAP information to be
used in the adjustment of annual emissions to monthly.
After obtaining this information, the EPA recalculated the MACT
floors for each subcategory. It should be noted that only one facility
indicated that the original emission estimates were calculated in a
manner that was inconsistent with the residual organic HAP test
methods. Two PBR/SBRS companies and one EPR company provided detailed
short-term residual HAP data to allow the conversion of the annual data
to a monthly limit. The resulting monthly limits were 8 kg/Mg for EPR
and 10 kg/Mg for PBR/SBRS.
While no comments were received criticizing the MACT floor analysis
for SBRE, the change to a monthly average limit resulted in a change in
the SBRE limit. In the determination of the original SBRE back-end MACT
floor, residual HAP data were used from three of the four facilities.
The fourth facility provided residual HAP data, but it was in a monthly
average format and could not be used in the determination of a weekly
limit. However, the change to a monthly limit meant that the data from
this facility could also be used, resulting in a monthly limit of 0.4
kg styrene per
[[Page 46922]]
Mg latex leaving the stripping operation for existing SBRE sources.
3. Monitoring Requirements
Several comments were received regarding the proposed crumb and
latex sampling requirements. In both instances, the EPA decided that
the changes suggested by the commenters were technically appropriate,
and they did not result in any detrimental environmental impact.
Specifically, commenters found the requirement to sample ``before
any opportunity for emissions to the atmosphere'' to be either
infeasible or unsafe for PBR/SBRS and EPR and suggested modifications
to the proposed sampling provisions. In response to these comments, the
final rule states that PBR/SBRS or EPR crumb samples must be taken ``as
soon as safe and feasible after the stripping operation, but no later
than the entry point for the first unit operation following the
stripper (e.g., the dewatering screen).''
For SBRE, commenters pointed out that a more logical sampling
location for determining the initial HAP concentration in the SBL is
the mixed latex in the storage tank feeding the coagulator (rather than
directly after the stripper). The EPA agreed with these comments, and
the final rule has revised the SBL sampling location to be ``prior to
any coagulation operations.''
Comments were also received opposing the proposed crumb or latex
sampling frequency provisions. Commenters believed that it is
impractical to take a rubber sample each operating day for every grade
of elastomer produced, because of the time required to reach
representative operating conditions and to run an accurate analytical
test. Suggested alternatives included one test per day, one test per
``campaign,'' daily sampling that is reduced to weekly sampling upon
demonstration of daily compliance, and daily sampling with the
exception of grades produced for less than 4 hours in a day. Since the
variability of the residual HAP contents between elastomer grades is
relatively small, and since production schedules typically produce very
similar grades of polymer for extended periods of time, the EPA
concluded that reducing the sampling frequency to once per day for
continuous processes would greatly simplify the rule, while still
ensuring that practically all grades of elastomer are represented by
such sampling. This change is reflected in the final rule.
Some commenters were concerned that compliance would be based on
one sample per day, and requested that an owner or operator be allowed
to sample crumb or latex more frequently, and include the residual
organic HAP results of these samples in the average. While the EPA
believes that the proposed rule did not preclude a company from using
more than one sample per day in determining the (weekly) average, the
EPA has revised the language in the final rule to make this opportunity
clearer.
Several commenters stated that the rule should provide an allowance
for missed or invalid crumb or latex samples. The proposed rule
designated the failure to collect any single sample as an excursion.
These commenters suggested that the EPA should require 75 percent of
samples to be collected.
The EPA recognizes that a number of circumstances could occur that
cause a sample not to be analyzed in accordance with the rule. These
may be in the form of sampling system malfunctions, mis-analysis, or
other problems. The EPA realizes that there are unique challenges
associated with the sampling of solid polymer, and agrees that problems
could occur that would cause a sample to be missed. The EPA also
recognizes that some of the test methods being validated to analyze the
residual organic HAP in the crumb take long periods of time to perform,
meaning that the opportunity to obtain a second sample may not be
available if a mis-analysis in the laboratory occurs. While the EPA
expects that sound company procedures could eliminate most of these and
other problems, the EPA agrees that it is unreasonable to expect that
no problems would ever occur that result in a missed sample. Therefore,
an excursion for back-end process operations is defined in the final
rule as when either (1) the monthly weighted average is above the
applicable limit, or (2) when less than 75 percent of the required
samples are taken, analyzed, and included in the monthly average.
At proposal, the EPA specifically requested comments on the
feasibility of the use of computer predictive modeling as an
alternative to the daily crumb or latex sampling, or the stripper
parametric monitoring compliance alternatives. Numerous commenters
supported the allowance of such systems, while other expressed
reservations. While the EPA believes that computer predictive modeling
may be an attractive alternative to the periodic sampling and stripper
parametric monitoring compliance options, the EPA is convinced that the
use of computer predictive modeling is so site-specific that it is not
possible to include general requirements for the use of such a system
in subpart U. Nevertheless, the EPA believes that facilities should
have the opportunity to utilize techniques that are equivalent to the
two options of compliance provided in the proposed rule for facilities
using stripping technology. Therefore, the EPA has included a third
option that provides the opportunity for the site-specific approval of
alternative means of compliance through the submittal of an alternative
compliance plan.
F. Wastewater Operations Provisions
Several commenters pointed out that the wastewater provisions of
subpart G that are referenced in Sec. 63.501 of subpart U are the
subject of litigation brought by the Chemical Manufacturers'
Association against the EPA. Consequently, sources subject to these
provisions cannot know what the final wastewater provisions, proposed
to be incorporated into subpart U, will be. These commenters believed
that the EPA should ``reserve'' the provisions of Sec. 63.501 pending
the outcome of the litigation.
As part of the HON litigation proposal, the EPA will request
comments specific to the elastomers rule. If comments specific to the
elastomers rule are received they will be addressed as part of the HON
rulemaking actions or in actions specific to the elastomers rule,
depending on the comments. Therefore, the comment period for this rule
will not be reopened.
The EPA believes that the wastewater provisions and the other HON
provisions should be referenced in the elastomers rule so that final
resolutions of the HON litigation will be automatically included in the
elastomers rule. However, changes made to the HON will be evaluated by
the EPA for applicability to this rule. The ``automatic'' part refers
to the fact that text changes will not need to be made to this rule
once the EPA, following notice and an opportunity for comment, finds
the HON changes to be applicable. If the EPA determines that any
changes to the HON are not applicable to this rule, the elastomers rule
will be revised accordingly.
Comments were received that the VOHAP threshold for regulation of
new source wastewater streams (10 ppmw) was too restrictive, and that
the EPA has not provided an economic justification regarding the
achievability of the limit. Another comment was received stating that
many elastomer product process wastewater streams will have VOHAP
concentrations less than 50 ppmw, and monitoring and recordkeeping
requirements are not needed for these streams. This comment recommended
that the EPA exempt from regulation
[[Page 46923]]
``any process stream at an affected source with an average flow rate of
less than 0.02 liters per minute or an average VOHAP concentration of
less than 50 ppmw.''
The EPA evaluated the new source MACT floor determinations for
wastewater, and determined that no facility in any subcategory reported
wastewater controls equivalent to the new source levels. In fact, no
facility-wide wastewater controls greater than the existing source HON
limitations were reported. Therefore, the EPA believes that this
comment is valid, and has changed the final rule so that the new
sources are subject to the same wastewater requirements as existing
sources.
In the proposed rule, the definition of ``wastewater'' stated that
a stream must contain at least 5 ppmw of VOHAP and have a flow rate of
0.02 liter per minute. Given the change in the definition of a Group 1
wastewater stream for new sources, the EPA believes that it is
reasonable to revise the definition of wastewater in accordance with
the commenter's suggestion and therefore the wastewater definition has
been revised in the final rule.
G. Equipment Leak Provisions
One commenter requested that the proposed rule include an exclusion
for reciprocating pumps that must leak small quantities of product to
lubricate and cool the shaft and seal areas. The EPA agrees that an
exemption for the situation described by the commenter is reasonable.
The EPA reached a similar conclusion in the proposed Polymers and
Resins IV regulation (subpart V). Therefore, Sec. 63.502(d) has been
added to the final rule that exempts these reciprocating pump systems.
Several commenters stated that 3 years should be allowed for
compliance with equipment leak provisions for compressors (instead of 6
months) under certain circumstances. The EPA agrees with the
commenters, and has amended the compliance schedule for compressors in
the following situations: (1) Existing reciprocating compressors which
would require design modifications to connect to a closed-vent or
recovery system; and (2) systems where existing compressors would be
replaced.
H. Emissions Averaging Provisions
Several commenters requested that batch front-end process vents be
eligible to average emissions. The EPA had not allowed emissions
averaging of batch front-end process vents at proposal because the EPA
considered the accuracy and consistency needed for emissions averaging
to be greater than that needed for applicability determinations.
However, upon reconsideration, the EPA determined that the accuracy and
consistency needs of emissions averaging could be met by applying a
``discount'' factor (10 percent) to calculated emissions or by
requiring direct measurement of emissions. Therefore, the final rule
allows emissions averaging of existing batch front-end process vents.
I. Monitoring
Many commenters requested that the proposed rule allow excused
excursions in the same way that the HON rule allows excused excursions.
In the final rule, the EPA decided to excuse a certain number of
excursions for each reporting period. This decision was based on data
and information presented during public comment on the HON and
reiterated in public comments received on this rule, and during
industry meetings held subsequent to proposal that indicated that a
certain number of excursions could be expected even with properly
operated pollution control devices. The EPA also concluded that not
allowing excused excursions would impose significant additional capital
and operating costs on the affected source for only negligible
corresponding reductions in air emissions. As is always the case, a
State has the discretion to impose more stringent requirements than the
requirements of NESHAP and other Federal requirements and could choose
not to allow the excused excursion provisions of this rule.
The EPA considered the number of excused excursions that would be
most appropriate for this standard and determined that the number of
excursions allowed in the HON would be reasonable. Therefore, the final
provisions allow a maximum of 6 excused excursions for the first
semiannual reporting period, decreasing by 1 excursion each semiannual
reporting period. Starting with the sixth semiannual reporting period
(i.e., the end of the third year of compliance) and thereafter,
affected sources are allowed one excused excursion per semiannual
reporting period.
J. Recordkeeping and Reporting
Several commenters stated that the recordkeeping and reporting
requirements of the proposed rule were extremely burdensome and
requested that the EPA reduce the burden. The EPA reexamined the
recordkeeping and reporting requirements of the rule after proposal and
determined that burden reductions were warranted. The EPA considers the
recordkeeping and reporting requirements of the final rule the minimum
necessary to ensure compliance with the final standards. The following
changes were made to reduce the recordkeeping and reporting burden:
(1) The requirement to submit an Initial Notification has been
eliminated;
(2) The requirement to submit an Implementation Plan has been
eliminated;
(3) The requirement to record monitored parameters every 15 minutes
has been removed. The final rule requires hourly recording of monitored
parameters in place of the 15 minute records required in the proposed
rule.
Although the above changes will reduce the burden on industry, the
level of this reduction was not quantified.
V. Administrative Requirements
A. Docket
The docket is an organized and complete file of all the information
submitted to or otherwise considered by the EPA in the development of
the final standards. The principal purposes of the docket are:
(1) To allow interested parties to readily identify and locate
documents so that they can intelligently and effectively participate in
the rulemaking process; and
(2) To serve as the record in case of judicial review (except for
interagency review materials as provided for in section 307(d)(7)(A)).
B. Executive Order 12866
Under Executive Order 12866 (58 FR 5173 (October 4, 1993)), the EPA
must determine whether the regulatory action is ``significant'' and
therefore subject to Office of Management and Budget (OMB) review and
the requirements of the Executive Order. The Executive Order defines
``significant regulatory action'' as one that is likely to result in
standards that may:
(1) Have an annual effect on the economy of $100 million or more or
adversely affect, in a material way, the economy, a sector of the
economy, productivity, competition, jobs, the environment, public
health or safety, or State, local, or tribal governments or
communities;
(2) Create a serious inconsistency or otherwise interfere with an
action taken or planned by another agency;
(3) Materially alter the budgetary impact of entitlement, grants,
user fees, or loan programs or the rights and obligations of recipients
thereof; or
(4) Raise novel legal or policy issues arising out of legal
mandates, the
[[Page 46924]]
President's priorities, or the principles set forth in the Executive
Order.
Pursuant to the terms of the Executive Order, the OMB has notified
the EPA that it considers this a ``significant regulatory action''
within the meaning of the Executive Order. The EPA submitted this
action to the OMB for review. Changes made in response to suggestions
or recommendations from the OMB were documented and included in the
public record.
C. Paperwork Reduction Act
The information collection requirements for this NESHAP have been
submitted for approval to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB)
under the Paperwork Reduction Act, 44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq. An
Information Collection Request (ICR) document has been prepared by the
EPA (ICR No. 1746.01), and a copy may be obtained from Sandy Farmer,
OPPE Regulatory Information Division (2137), U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, 401 M Street, SW., Washington, DC 20460, or by
calling (202) 260-2740.
The public recordkeeping and reporting burden for this collection
of information is estimated to average approximately 587 hours per
respondent for each of the first 3 years following promulgation of the
rule. These estimates include time for reviewing instructions,
searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data
needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information.
Send comments regarding the recordkeeping and reporting burden
estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information,
including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Chief, Information
Policy Branch (2137), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M
Street, SW., Washington, DC 20460; and to the Office of Information and
Regulatory Affairs, Office of Management and Budget, Washington, DC
20503, marked ``Attention: Desk Officer for EPA.''
D. Regulatory Flexibility Act
The EPA has determined that it is not necessary to prepare a
regulatory flexibility analysis in connection with this final rule. The
EPA has also determined that this rule will not have a significant
adverse economic impact on a substantial number of small businesses.
Consistent with Small Business Administration (SBA) size standards, an
elastomer producing firm is classified as a small entity if it has less
than 750 employees and is unaffiliated with a larger domestic entity.
Based upon this standard, three of the eighteen elastomer producing
firms are classified as small entities (i.e., having fewer than 750
employees). The EPA determined that annual compliance costs as a
percentage of sales are less than one percent for all of the small
entities affected by this regulation. This does not qualify as a
significant economic impact on a substantial number of small
businesses.
E. Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996 (SBREFA)
Pursuant to Subtitle E of SBREFA, this rule, which is nonmajor, was
submitted to Congress before publication in the Federal Register.
F. Unfunded Mandates
Under section 202 of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995
(``Unfunded Mandates Act''), signed into law on March 22, 1995, the EPA
must prepare a budgetary impact statement to accompany any proposed or
final standards that include a Federal mandate that may result in
estimated costs to State, local, or tribal governments, or to the
private sector, of, in the aggregate, $100 million or more. Under
section 205, the EPA must select the most cost effective and least
burdensome alternative that achieves the objectives of the standard and
is consistent with statutory requirements. Section 203 requires the EPA
to establish a plan for informing and advising any small governments
that may be significantly or uniquely impacted by the standards.
The EPA has determined that the final standards do not include a
Federal mandate that may result in estimated costs of, in the
aggregate, $100 million or more to either State, local, or tribal
governments, or to the private sector, nor do the standards
significantly or uniquely impact small governments, because they
contain no requirements that apply to such governments or impose
obligations upon them. Therefore, the requirements of the Unfunded
Mandates Act do not apply to this final rule.
List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 63
Environmental protection, Air pollution control, Hazardous
substances, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.
Dated: July 15, 1996.
Fred Hansen,
Acting Administrator.
For the reasons set out in the preamble, part 63 of title 40,
chapter I of the Code of Federal Regulations is amended as follows:
PART 63--NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS
FOR AFFECTED SOURCE CATEGORIES
1. The authority citation for part 63 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401, et seq.
2. Part 63 is amended by adding subpart U to read as follows:
Subpart U--National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutant
Emissions: Group I Polymers and Resins
Sec.
63.480 Applicability and designation of affected sources.
63.481 Compliance schedule and relationship to existing applicable
rules.
63.482 Definitions.
63.483 Emission standards.
63.484 Storage vessel provisions.
63.485 Continuous front-end process vent provisions.
63.486 Batch front-end process vent provisions.
63.487 Batch front-end process vents--reference control technology.
63.488 Methods and procedures for batch front-end process vent
group determination.
63.489 Batch front-end process vents--monitoring requirements
63.490 Batch front-end process vents--performance test methods and
procedures to determine compliance.
63.491 Batch front-end process vents--recordkeeping requirements.
63.492 Batch front-end process vents--reporting requirements.
63.493 Standards for back-end processes.
63.494 Back-end process provisions--residual organic HAP
limitations.
63.495 Back-end process provisions--procedures to determine
compliance using stripping technology.
63.496 Back-end process provisions--procedures to determine
compliance using control or recovery devices.
63.497 Back-end process provisions--monitoring provisions for
control and recovery devices.
63.498 Back-end process provisions--recordkeeping.
63.499 Back-end process provisions--reporting.
63.500 Back-end process provisions--carbon disulfide limitations
for styrene butadiene rubber by emulsion processes.
63.501 Wastewater provisions.
63.502 Equipment leak provisions.
63.503 Emissions averaging provisions.
63.504 Additional test methods and procedures.
63.505 Parameter monitoring levels and excursions.
63.506 General recordkeeping and reporting provisions.
[[Page 46925]]
Subpart U--National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutant
Emissions: Group I Polymers and Resins
Sec. 63.480 Applicability and designation of affected sources.
(a) Definition of affected source. The provisions of this subpart
apply to each affected source. An affected source is either an existing
affected source or a new affected source. Existing affected source is
defined in paragraph (a)(1) of this section, and new affected source is
defined in paragraph (a)(2) of this section. The affected source also
includes all wastewater streams and wastewater operations associated
with the elastomer product process unit(s) (EPPUs) included in the
affected source.
(1) Except as specified in paragraphs (b) through (d) of this
section, an existing affected source is defined as each group of one or
more EPPUs that is not part of a new affected source, as defined in
paragraph (a)(2) of this section, and that is manufacturing the same
primary product and located at a plant site that is a major source.
(2) Except as specified in paragraphs (b) through (d) of this
section, a new affected source is defined as a source meeting the
criteria of paragraph (a)(2)(i), (a)(2)(ii), or (a)(2)(iii) of this
section.
(i) At a plant site previously without HAP emission points, each
group of one or more EPPUs manufacturing the same primary product that
is part of a major source on which construction commenced after June
12, 1995,
(ii) An EPPU meeting the criteria in paragraph (i)(1)(i) of this
section, or
(iii) A reconstructed affected source meeting the criteria in
paragraph (i)(2)(i) of this section.
(b) EPPUs exempted from the affected source. EPPUs that do not use
any organic HAP may be excluded from the affected source, provided that
the owner or operator complies with the requirements of paragraphs
(b)(1) and (b)(2) of this section, if requested to do so by the
Administrator.
(1) Retain information, data, and analyses used to document the
basis for the determination that the EPPU does not use any organic HAP.
Types of information that could document this determination include,
but are not limited to, records of chemicals purchased for the process,
analyses of process stream composition, or engineering calculations.
(2) When requested by the Administrator, demonstrate that the EPPU
does not use any organic HAP.
(c) Emission points exempted from the affected source. The affected
source does not include the emission points listed in paragraphs (c)(1)
through (c)(6) of this section:
(1) Stormwater from segregated sewers;
(2) Water from fire-fighting and deluge systems in segregated
sewers;
(3) Spills;
(4) Water from safety showers;
(5) Vessels and equipment storing and/or handling material that
contains no organic HAP or organic HAP as impurities only; and
(6) Equipment that is intended to operate in organic HAP service
for less than 300 hours during the calendar year.
(d) Processes exempted from the affected source. The processes
specified in paragraphs (d)(1) through (d)(3) of this section are not
part of the affected source.
(1) Research and development facilities;
(2) Equipment that is located within an EPPU that is subject to
this subpart but does not contain organic HAP; and
(3) Solvent reclamation, recovery, or recycling operations at
hazardous waste treatment, storage, and disposal facilities (TSDF)
requiring a permit under 40 CFR part 270 that are separate entities and
not part of an EPPU to which this subpart applies.
(e) Applicability determination of elastomer equipment included in
a process unit producing a non-elastomer product. If an elastomer
product that is subject to this subpart is produced within a process
unit that is subject to subpart V of this part, and at least 50 percent
of the elastomer is used in the production of the product manufactured
by the subpart V process unit, the unit operations involved in the
production of the elastomer are considered part of the process unit
that is subject to subpart V, and not this subpart.
(f) Primary product determination and applicability. The primary
product of a process unit shall be determined according to the
procedures specified in paragraphs (f)(1) and (f)(2) of this section.
Paragraphs (f)(3) through (f)(4) of this section describe whether or
not a process unit is subject to this subpart. Paragraphs (f)(5)
through (f)(7) of this section discuss compliance for those EPPUs
operated as flexible operation units, as specified in paragraph (f)(2)
of this section.
(1) If a process unit only manufactures one product, then that
product shall represent the primary product of the process unit.
(2) If a process unit is designed and operated as a flexible
operation unit, the primary product shall be determined as specified in
paragraphs (f)(2)(i) or (f)(2)(ii) of this section based on the
anticipated operations for the 5 years following September 5, 1996 for
existing affected sources and for the first 5 years after initial
startup for new affected sources.
(i) If the flexible operation unit will manufacture one product for
the greatest operating time over the five-year period, then that
product shall represent the primary product of the flexible operation
unit.
(ii) If the flexible operation unit will manufacture multiple
products equally based on operating time, then the product with the
greatest production on a mass basis over the five-year period shall
represent the primary product of the flexible operation unit.
(3) If the primary product of a process unit is an elastomer
product, then that process unit is considered an EPPU. If that EPPU
meets all the criteria of paragraph (a) of this section, it is either
an affected source or is part of an affected source comprised of other
EPPU subject to this rule at the same plant site with the same primary
product. The status of a process unit as an EPPU, and as an affected
source or part of an affected source shall not change regardless of
what products are produced in the future by the EPPU, with the
exception noted in paragraph (f)(3)(i) of this section.
(i) If a process unit terminates the production of all elastomer
products and does not anticipate the production of any elastomer
product in the future, the process unit is no longer an EPPU and is not
subject to the provisions of this subpart after notification is made as
specified in paragraph (f)(3)(ii) of this section.
(ii) The owner or operator of a process unit that wishes to remove
the EPPU designation from the process unit, as specified in paragraph
(f)(3)(i) of this section, shall notify the Administrator. This
notification shall be accompanied by rationale for why it is
anticipated that no elastomer products will be produced in the process
unit in the future.
(iii) If a process unit meeting the criteria of paragraph (f)(3)(i)
of this section begins the production of an elastomer product in the
future, the owner or operator shall use the procedures in paragraph
(f)(4)(i) of this section to determine if the process unit is re-
designated as an EPPU.
(4) If the primary product of a process unit is not an elastomer
product, then that process unit is not an affected source, nor is it
part of any affected source subject to this rule. The process unit is
not subject to this rule at any time, regardless of what product is
being produced. The status of the process unit
[[Page 46926]]
as not being an EPPU, and therefore not being an affected source or
part of an affected source subject to this subpart, shall not change
regardless of what products are produced in the future by the EPPU,
with the exception noted in paragraph (f)(4)(i) of this section.
(i) If, at any time beginning September 5, 2001, the owner or
operator determines that an elastomer product is the primary product
for the process unit based on actual production data for any preceding
consecutive five-year period, then the process unit shall be classified
as an EPPU. If an EPPU meets all the criteria in paragraph (a) of this
section, it is either an affected source or part of an affected source
and shall be subject to this rule.
(ii) If a process unit meets the criteria of paragraph (f)(4)(i) of
this section, the owner or operator shall notify the Administrator
within 6 months of making this determination. The EPPU, as the entire
affected source or part of an affected source, shall be in compliance
with the provisions of this rule within 3 years from the date of such
notification.
(iii) If a process unit is re-designated as an EPPU but does not
meet all the criteria of paragraph (a) of this section, the owner or
operator shall notify the Administrator within 6 months of making this
determination. This notification shall include documentation justifying
the EPPU's status as not being an affected source or not being part of
an affected source.
(5) Once the primary product of a process unit has been determined
to be an elastomer product and it has been determined that all the
criteria of paragraph (a) of this section are met for the EPPU, the
owner or operator of the affected source shall comply with the
standards for the primary product. Owners or operators of flexible
operation units shall comply with the standards for the primary product
as specified in either paragraph (f)(5)(i) or (f)(5)(ii) of this
section, except as specified in paragraph (f)(5)(iii) of this section.
(i) Each owner or operator shall determine the group status of each
emission point that is part of that flexible operation unit based on
emission point characteristics when the primary product is being
manufactured. Based on this finding, the owner or operator shall comply
with the applicable standards for the primary product for each emission
point, as appropriate, at all times, regardless of what product is
being produced.
(ii) Alternatively, each owner or operator shall determine the
group status of each emission point that is part of the flexible
operation unit based on the emission point characteristics when each
product produced by the flexible operation unit is manufactured,
regardless of whether the product is an elastomer product or not. Based
on these findings, the owner or operator shall comply with the
applicable standards, as appropriate, regardless of what product is
being produced.
Note: Under this scenario, it is possible that the group status,
and therefore the requirement to achieve emission reductions, for an
emission point may change depending on the product being
manufactured.]
(iii) Whenever a flexible operation unit manufactures a product
that meets the criteria of paragraph (b) of this section (i.e., does
not use or produce any organic HAP), all activities associated with the
manufacture of the product, including the operation and monitoring of
control or recovery devices, shall be exempt from the requirements of
this rule.
(6) The determination of the primary product for a process unit, to
include the determination of applicability of this subpart to process
units that are designed and operated as flexible operation units, shall
be reported in the Notification of Compliance Status required by
Sec. 63.506(e)(5) when the primary product is determined to be an
elastomer product. The Notification of Compliance Status shall include
the information specified in either paragraph (e)(6)(i) or (e)(6)(ii)
of this section. If the primary product is determined to be something
other than an elastomer product, the owner or operator shall retain
information, data, and analysis used to document the basis for the
determination that the primary product is not an elastomer product.
(i) If the EPPU manufactures only one elastomer product,
identification of that elastomer product.
(ii) If the EPPU is designed and operated as a flexible operation
unit, the information specified in paragraphs (f)(6)(ii)(A) through
(f)(6)(ii)(C) of this section, as appropriate.
(A) Identification of the primary product.
(B) Information concerning operating time and/or production mass
for each product that was used to make the determination of the primary
product under paragraph (f)(2)(i) or (f)(2)(ii) of this section.
(C) Identification of which compliance option, either paragraph
(f)(5)(i) or (f)(5)(ii) of this section, has been selected by the owner
or operator.
(7) To demonstrate compliance with the rule during those periods
when a flexible operation unit that is subject to this subpart is
producing a product other than an elastomer product or is producing an
elastomer product that is not the primary product, the owner or
operator shall comply with either paragraphs (f)(7)(i) and (f)(7)(ii)
or paragraph (f)(7)(iii) of this section.
(i) Establish parameter monitoring levels as specified in
Sec. 63.505, for those emission points designated as Group 1, as
appropriate.
(ii) Submit the parameter monitoring levels developed under
paragraph (f)(7)(i) of this section and the basis for them in the
Notification of Compliance Status report, as specified in
Sec. 63.506(e)(5).
(iii) Demonstrate that the parameter monitoring levels established
for the primary product are also appropriate for those periods when
products other than the primary product are being produced. Material
demonstrating this finding shall be submitted in the Notification of
Compliance Status report as specified in Sec. 63.506(e)(5).
(g) Storage vessel ownership determination. The owner or operator
shall follow the procedures specified in paragraphs (g)(1) through
(g)(8) of this section to determine to which process unit a storage
vessel shall belong.
(1) If a storage vessel is already subject to another subpart of 40
CFR part 63 on September 5, 1996, that storage vessel shall belong to
the process unit subject to the other subpart.
(2) If a storage vessel is dedicated to a single process unit, the
storage vessel shall belong to that process unit.
(3) If a storage vessel is shared among process units, then the
storage vessel shall belong to that process unit located on the same
plant site as the storage vessel that has the greatest input into or
output from the storage vessel (i.e., the process unit has the
predominant use of the storage vessel).
(4) If predominant use cannot be determined for a storage vessel
that is shared among process units and if only one of those process
units is an EPPU subject to this subpart, the storage vessel shall
belong to that EPPU.
(5) If predominant use cannot be determined for a storage vessel
that is shared among process units and if more than one of the process
units are EPPUs that have different primary products and that are
subject to this subpart, then the owner or operator shall assign the
storage vessel to any one of the EPPUs sharing the storage vessel.
(6) If the predominant use of a storage vessel varies from year to
year, then predominant use shall be determined based on the utilization
that occurred during the year preceding September 5, 1996 or based on
the expected
[[Page 46927]]
utilization for the 5 years following September 5, 1996 for existing
affected sources, whichever is more representative of the expected
operations for that storage vessel, and based on the expected
utilization for the 5 years after initial startup for new affected
sources. The determination of predominant use shall be reported in the
Notification of Compliance Status required by Sec. 63.506(e)(5)(vii).
If the predominant use changes, the redetermination of predominant use
shall be reported in the next Periodic Report.
(7) If the storage vessel begins receiving material from (or
sending material to) another process unit; ceases to receive material
from (or send material to) a process unit; or if the applicability of
this subpart to a storage vessel has been determined according to the
provisions of paragraphs (g)(1) through (g)(6) of this section and
there is a significant change in the use of the storage vessel that
could reasonably change the predominant use, the owner or operator
shall reevaluate the applicability of this subpart to the storage
vessel.
(8) Where a storage vessel is located at a major source that
includes one or more process units which place material into, or
receive materials from the storage vessel, but the storage vessel is
located in a tank farm, the applicability of this subpart shall be
determined according to the provisions in paragraphs (g)(8)(i) through
(g)(8)(iv) of this section.
(i) The storage vessel may only be assigned to a process unit that
utilizes the storage vessel and does not have an intervening storage
vessel for that product (or raw materials, as appropriate). With
respect to any process unit, an intervening storage vessel means a
storage vessel connected by hard-piping to the process unit and to the
storage vessel in the tank farm so that product or raw material
entering or leaving the process unit flows into (or from) the
intervening storage vessel and does not flow directly into (or from)
the storage vessel in the tank farm.
(ii) If there is no process unit at the major source that meets the
criteria of paragraph (g)(8)(i) of this section with respect to a
storage vessel, this subpart does not apply to the storage vessel.
(iii) If there is only one process unit at the major source that
meets the criteria of paragraph (g)(8)(i) of this section with respect
to a storage vessel, the storage vessel shall be assigned to that
process unit. Applicability of this subpart to the storage vessel shall
then be determined according to the provisions of paragraph (a) of this
section.
(iv) If there are two or more process units at the major source
that meet the criteria of paragraph (g)(8)(i) of this section with
respect to a storage vessel, the storage vessel shall be assigned to
one of those process units according to the provisions of paragraph
(g)(6) of this section. The predominant use shall be determined among
only those process units that meet the criteria of paragraph (g)(8)(i)
of this section.
(h) Recovery operation equipment ownership determination. The owner
or operator shall follow the procedures specified in paragraphs (h)(1)
through (h)(7) of this section to determine to which process unit
recovery operation equipment shall belong.
(1) If recovery operation equipment is already subject to another
subpart of 40 CFR part 63 on September 5, 1996, that recovery operation
equipment shall belong to the process unit subject to the other
subpart.
(2) If recovery operation equipment is used exclusively by a single
process unit, the recovery operation shall belong to that process unit.
(3) If recovery operation equipment is shared among process units,
then the recovery operation equipment shall belong to that process unit
located on the same plant site as the recovery operation equipment that
has the greatest input into or output from the recovery operation
equipment (i.e., that process unit has the predominant use of the
recovery operation equipment).
(4) If predominant use cannot be determined for recovery operation
equipment that is shared among process units and if one of those
process units is an EPPU subject to this subpart, the recovery
operation equipment shall belong to the EPPU subject to this subpart.
(5) If predominant use cannot be determined for recovery operation
equipment that is shared among process units and if more than one of
the process units are EPPUs that have different primary products and
that are subject to this subpart, then the owner or operator shall
assign the recovery operation equipment to any one of those EPPUs.
(6) If the predominant use of recovery operation equipment varies
from year to year, then the predominant use shall be determined based
on the utilization that occurred during the year preceding September 5,
1996 or based on the expected utilization for the 5 years following
September 5, 1996 for existing affected sources, whichever is the more
representative of the expected operations for the recovery operations
equipment, and based on the expected utilization for the first 5 years
after initial startup for new affected sources. This determination
shall be reported in the Notification of Compliance Status required by
Sec. 63.506(e)(5)(viii). If the predominant use changes, the
redetermination of predominant use shall be reported in the next
Periodic Report.
(7) If there is an unexpected change in the utilization of recovery
operation equipment that could reasonably change the predominant use,
the owner or operator shall redetermine to which process unit the
recovery operation belongs by reperforming the procedures specified in
paragraphs (h)(2) through (h)(6) of this section.
(i) Changes or additions to plant sites. The provisions of
paragraphs (i)(1) through (i)(4) of this section apply to owners or
operators that change or add to their plant site or affected source.
Paragraph (i)(5) provides examples of what are and are not considered
process changes for purposes of paragraph (i) of this section.
(1) Adding an EPPU to a plant site. The provisions of paragraphs
(i)(1)(i) through (i)(1)(ii) of this section apply to owners or
operators that add EPPUs to a plant site.
(i) If an EPPU is added to a plant site, the addition shall be a
new affected source and shall be subject to the requirements for a new
affected source in this subpart upon initial startup or by September 5,
1996, whichever is later, if the addition meets the criteria specified
in paragraphs (i)(1)(i)(A) through (i)(1)(i)(B) and either (i)(1)(i)(C)
or (i)(1)(i)(D) of this section:
(A) It is an addition that meets the definition of construction in
Sec. 63.2 of subpart A;
(B) Such construction commenced after June 12, 1995; and
(C) The addition has the potential to emit 10 tons per year or more
of any HAP or 25 tons per year or more of any combination of HAP, and
the primary product of the addition is currently produced at the plant
site as the primary product of an affected source; or
(D) The primary product of the addition is not currently produced
at the plant site as the primary product of an affected source, and the
plant site meets, or after the addition is constructed will meet, the
definition of a major source in Sec. 63.2 of subpart A.
(ii) If an EPPU is added to a plant site, the addition shall be
subject to the requirements for an existing affected source in this
subpart upon initial startup or by 3 years after September 5, 1996,
whichever is later, if the addition does not meet the criteria
specified in
[[Page 46928]]
paragraph (i)(1)(i) of this section and the plant site meets, or after
the addition is completed will meet, the definition of major source.
(2) Adding emission points or making process changes to existing
affected sources. The provisions of paragraphs (i)(2)(i) through
(i)(2)(ii) of this section apply to owners or operators that add
emission points or make process changes to an existing affected source.
(i) If any process change is made or emission point is added to an
existing affected source, or if a process change creating one or more
additional Group 1 emission point(s) is made to an existing affected
source, the entire affected source shall be a new affected source and
shall be subject to the requirements for a new affected source in this
subpart upon initial startup or by September 5, 1996, whichever is
later, if the process change or addition meets the criteria specified
in paragraphs (i)(2)(i)(A) through (i)(2)(i)(B) of this section:
(A) It is a process change or addition that meets the definition of
reconstruction in Sec. 63.2 of subpart A; and
(B) Such reconstruction commenced after June 12, 1995.
(ii) If any process change is made or emission point is added to an
existing affected source, or if a process change creating one or more
additional Group 1 emission point(s) is made to an existing affected
source and the process change or addition does not meet the criteria
specified in paragraphs (i)(2)(i)(A) and (i)(2)(i)(B) of this section,
the resulting emission point(s) shall be subject to the requirements
for an existing affected source in this subpart. The resulting emission
point(s) shall be in compliance upon initial startup or by 3 years
after September 5, 1996, whichever is later, unless the owner or
operator demonstrates to the Administrator that achieving compliance
will take longer than making the process change or addition. If this
demonstration is made to the Administrator's satisfaction, the owner or
operator shall follow the procedures in paragraphs (i)(2)(iii)(A)
through (i)(2)(iii)(C) of this section to establish a compliance date.
(iii) To establish a compliance date for an emission point or
points specified in paragraph (i)(2)(ii) of this section, the
procedures specified in paragraphs (i)(2)(iii)(A) through
(i)(2)(iii)(C) of this section shall be followed.
(A) The owner or operator shall submit to the Administrator for
approval a compliance schedule, along with a justification for the
schedule.
(B) The compliance schedule shall be submitted within 180 days
after the process change or addition is made or the information
regarding the change or addition is known to the owner or operator,
unless the compliance schedule has been previously submitted to the
permitting authority. The compliance schedule may be submitted in the
next Periodic Report if the process change or addition is made after
the date the Notification of Compliance Status report is due.
(C) The Administrator shall approve the compliance schedule or
request changes within 120 calendar days of receipt of the compliance
schedule and justification.
(3) Existing source requirements for Group 2 emission points that
become Group 1 emission points. If a process change or addition that
does not meet the criteria in paragraph (i)(1) or (i)(2) of this
section is made to an existing plant site or existing affected source,
and the change causes a Group 2 emission point to become a Group 1
emission point, for that emission point the owner or operator shall
comply with the requirements of this subpart for existing Group 1
emission points. Compliance shall be achieved as expeditiously as
practicable, but in no event later than 3 years after the emission
point becomes a Group 1 emission point.
(4) Existing source requirements for some emission points that
become subject to subpart H requirements. If a surge control vessel or
bottoms receiver becomes subject to Sec. 63.170 of subpart H, or if a
compressor becomes subject to Sec. 63.164 of subpart H, the owner or
operator shall be in compliance upon initial startup or by 3 years
after September 5, 1996, whichever is later, unless the owner or
operator demonstrates to the Administrator that achieving compliance
will take longer than making the change. If this demonstration is made
to the Administrator's satisfaction, the owner or operator shall follow
the procedures in paragraphs (i)(2)(iii)(A) through (i)(2)(iii)(C) of
this section to establish a compliance date.
(5) Determining what are and are not process changes. For purposes
of paragraph (i) of this section, examples of process changes include,
but are not limited to, changes in production capacity, feedstock type,
or catalyst type, or whenever there is a replacement, removal, or
addition of recovery equipment. For purposes of paragraph (i) of this
section, process changes do not include: Process upsets, unintentional
temporary process changes, and changes that are within the equipment
configuration and operating conditions documented in the Notification
of Compliance Status report required by Sec. 63.506(e)(5).
(j) Applicability of this subpart except during periods of startup,
shutdown, and malfunction. Each provision set forth in this subpart or
referred to in this subpart shall apply at all times except during
periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction if the startup, shutdown,
or malfunction precludes the ability of a particular emission point at
an affected source to comply with one or more specific provisions to
which it is subject.
Sec. 63.481 Compliance schedule and relationship to existing
applicable rules.
(a) Affected sources are required to achieve compliance on or
before the dates specified in paragraphs (b) through (d) of this
section. Paragraph (e) of this section provides information on
requesting compliance extensions. Paragraphs (f) through (i) of this
section discuss the relationship of this subpart to subpart A and to
other applicable rules. Where an override of another authority of the
Act is indicated in this subpart, only compliance with the provisions
of this subpart is required. Paragraph (j) of this section specifies
the meaning of time periods.
(b) New affected sources that commence construction or
reconstruction after June 12, 1995 shall be in compliance with this
subpart upon initial startup or September 5, 1996, whichever is later,
as provided in Sec. 63.6(b) of subpart A.
(c) Existing affected sources shall be in compliance with this
subpart (except for Sec. 63.502 for which compliance is covered by
paragraph (d) of this section) no later than 3 years after September 5,
1996, as provided in Sec. 63.6(c) of subpart A, unless an extension has
been granted as specified in paragraph (e) of this section.
(d) Except as provided for in paragraphs (d)(1) through (d)(4) of
this section, existing affected sources shall be in compliance with
Sec. 63.502 no later than March 5, 1997 unless a request for a
compliance extension is granted pursuant to section 112(i)(3)(B) of the
Act, as discussed in Sec. 63.182(a)(6) of subpart H.
(1) Compliance with the compressor provisions of Sec. 63.164 of
subpart H shall occur no later than September 5, 1997 for any
compressor meeting one or more of the criteria in paragraphs (d)(1)(i)
through (d)(1)(iii) of this section, if the work can be accomplished
without a process unit shutdown, as defined in Sec. 63.161 of subpart
H.
(i) The seal system will be replaced;
[[Page 46929]]
(ii) A barrier fluid system will be installed; or
(iii) A new barrier fluid will be utilized which requires changes
to the existing barrier fluid system.
(2) Compliance with the compressor provisions of Sec. 63.164 of
subpart H shall occur no later than March 5, 1998, for any compressor
meeting all the criteria in paragraphs (d)(2)(i) through (d)(2)(iv) of
this section.
(i) The compressor meets one or more of the criteria specified in
paragraphs (d)(1)(i) through (d)(1)(iii) of this section;
(ii) The work can be accomplished without a process unit shutdown
as defined in Sec. 63.161 of subpart H;
(iii) The additional time is actually necessary, due to the
unavailability of parts beyond the control of the owner or operator;
and
(iv) The owner or operator submits the request for a compliance
extension to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Regional
Office at the addresses listed in Sec. 63.13 of subpart A no later than
45 days before March 5, 1997. The request for a compliance extension
shall contain the information specified in Sec. 63.6(i)(6)(i)(A), (B),
and (D) of subpart A. Unless the EPA Regional Office objects to the
request for a compliance extension within 30 calendar days after
receipt of the request, the request shall be deemed approved.
(3) If compliance with the compressor provisions of Sec. 63.164 of
subpart H cannot reasonably be achieved without a process unit
shutdown, as defined in Sec. 63.161 of subpart H, the owner or operator
shall achieve compliance no later than September 8, 1998. The owner or
operator who elects to use this provision shall submit a request for an
extension of compliance in accordance with the requirements of
paragraph (d)(2)(iv) of this section.
(4) Compliance with the compressor provisions of Sec. 63.164 of
subpart H shall occur not later than September 6, 1999 for any
compressor meeting one or more of the criteria in paragraphs (d)(4)(i)
through (d)(4)(iii) of this section. The owner or operator who elects
to use these provisions shall submit a request for an extension of
compliance in accordance with the requirements of paragraph (d)(2)(iv)
of this section.
(i) Compliance cannot be achieved without replacing the compressor;
(ii) Compliance cannot be achieved without recasting the distance
piece; or
(iii) Design modifications are required to connect to a closed-vent
or recovery system.
(5) Compliance with the surge control vessel and bottoms receiver
provisions of Sec. 63.170 of subpart H shall occur no later than
September 6, 1999.
(e) Pursuant to section 112(i)(3)(B) of the Act, an owner or
operator may request an extension allowing the existing source up to 1
additional year to comply with section 112(d) standards. For purposes
of this subpart, a request for an extension shall be submitted to the
operating permit authority as part of the operating permit application
or to the Administrator as a separate submittal or as part of the
Precompliance Report. Requests for extensions shall be submitted no
later than the date on which the Precompliance Report is required to be
submitted in Sec. 63.506(e)(3)(i). The dates specified in Sec. 63.6(i)
of subpart A for submittal of requests for extensions shall not apply
to this subpart.
(1) A request for an extension of compliance shall include the data
described in Sec. 63.6(i)(6)(i) (A), (B), and (D) of subpart A.
(2) The requirements in Sec. 63.6(i)(8) through Sec. 63.6(i)(14) of
subpart A shall govern the review and approval of requests for
extensions of compliance with this subpart.
(f) Table 1 of this subpart specifies the provisions of subpart A
that apply and those that do not apply to owners and operators of
affected sources subject to this subpart. For the purposes of this
subpart, Table 3 of subpart F is not applicable.
(g) Table 2 of this subpart summarizes the provisions of subparts
F, G, and H that apply and those that do not apply to owners and
operators of affected sources subject to this subpart.
(h)(1) After the compliance dates specified in this section, an
affected source subject to this subpart that is also subject to the
provisions of 40 CFR part 63, subpart I, is required to comply only
with the provisions of this subpart.
(2) Sources subject to 40 CFR part 63, subpart I that have elected
to comply through a quality improvement program, as specified in
Sec. 63.175 or Sec. 63.176 or both of subpart H, may elect to continue
these programs without interruption as a means of complying with this
subpart. In other words, becoming subject to this subpart does not
restart or reset the ``compliance clock'' as it relates to reduced
burden earned through a quality improvement program.
(i) After the compliance dates specified in this section, a storage
vessel that belongs to an affected source subject to this subpart that
is also subject to the provisions of 40 CFR part 60, subpart Kb is
required to comply only with the provisions of this subpart. After the
compliance dates specified in paragraph (d) of this section, that
storage vessel shall no longer be subject to 40 CFR part 60, subpart
Kb.
(j) All terms in this subpart that define a period of time for
completion of required tasks (e.g., monthly, quarterly, annual), unless
specified otherwise in the section or subsection that imposes the
requirement, refer to the standard calendar periods.
(1) Notwithstanding time periods specified in this subpart for
completion of required tasks, such time periods may be changed by
mutual agreement between the owner or operator and the Administrator,
as specified in subpart A of this part (e.g., a period could begin on
the compliance date or another date, rather than on the first day of
the standard calendar period). For each time period that is changed by
agreement, the revised period shall remain in effect until it is
changed. A new request is not necessary for each recurring period.
(2) Where the period specified for compliance is a standard
calendar period, if the initial compliance date occurs after the
beginning of the period, compliance shall be required according to the
schedule specified in paragraphs (j)(2)(i) or (j)(2)(ii) of this
section, as appropriate.
(i) Compliance shall be required before the end of the standard
calendar period within which the compliance deadline occurs, if there
remain at least 2 weeks for tasks that must be performed monthly, at
least 1 month for tasks that must be performed each quarter, or at
least 3 months for tasks that must be performed annually; or
(ii) In all other cases, compliance shall be required before the
end of the first full standard calendar period after the period within
which the initial compliance deadline occurs.
(3) In all instances where a provision of this subpart requires
completion of a task during each multiple successive period, an owner
or operator may perform the required task at any time during the
specified period, provided that the task is conducted at a reasonable
interval after completion of the task during the previous period.
Sec. 63.482 Definitions.
(a) The following terms used in this subpart shall have the meaning
given them in subparts A (Sec. 63.2), F (Sec. 63.101), G (Sec. 63.111),
and H (Sec. 63.161) as specified after each term:
Act (subpart A)
Administrator (subpart A)
Automated monitoring and recording system (subpart G)
Average concentration (subpart G)
Boiler (subpart G)
Bottoms receiver (subpart H)
[[Page 46930]]
By compound (subpart G)
By-product (subpart F)
Car-seal (subpart G)
Chemical manufacturing process unit (subpart F)
Closed-vent system (subpart G)
Co-product (subpart F)
Combustion device (subpart G)
Commenced (subpart A)
Compliance date (subpart A)
Compliance schedule (subpart A)
Connector (subpart H)
Construction (subpart A)
Continuous monitoring system (subpart A)
Continuous record (subpart G)
Continuous recorder (subpart G)
Cover (subpart G)
Distillation unit (subpart G)
Emission standard (subpart A)
Emissions averaging (subpart A)
EPA (subpart A)
Equipment (subpart H)
Equipment leak (subpart F)
Existing source (subpart A)
External floating roof (subpart G)
Fill (subpart G)
Fixed roof (subpart G)
Flame zone (subpart G)
Flexible operation unit (subpart F)
Floating roof (subpart G)
Flow indicator (subpart G)
Halogens and hydrogen halides (subpart G)
Hazardous air pollutant (subpart A)
Heat exchange system (subpart F)
Impurity (subpart F)
Incinerator (subpart G)
In organic hazardous air pollutant service (subpart H)
Instrumentation system (subpart H)
Internal floating roof (subpart G)
Lesser quantity (subpart A)
Maintenance wastewater (subpart F)
Major source (subpart A)
Malfunction (subpart A)
Mass flow rate (subpart G)
Maximum true vapor pressure (subpart G)
New source (subpart A)
Open-ended valve or line (subpart H)
Operating permit (subpart F)
Organic HAP service (subpart H)
Organic monitoring device (subpart G)
Owner or operator (subpart A)
Performance evaluation (subpart A)
Performance test (subpart A)
Permitting authority (subpart A)
Plant site (subpart F)
Point of generation (subpart G)
Potential to emit (subpart A)
Primary fuel (subpart G)
Process heater (subpart G)
Process unit shutdown (subpart H)
Process wastewater (subpart F)
Process wastewater stream (subpart G)
Product separator (subpart F)
Reactor (subpart G)
Reconstruction (subpart A)
Recovery device (subpart G)
Reference control technology for process vents (subpart G)
Reference control technology for storage vessels (subpart G)
Reference control technology for wastewater (subpart G)
Relief valve (subpart G)
Research and development facility (subpart F)
Residual (subpart G)
Run (subpart A)
Secondary fuel (subpart G)
Sensor (subpart H)
Shutdown (subpart A)
Specific gravity monitoring device (subpart G)
Startup (subpart A)
Startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan (subpart F)
State (subpart A)
Surge control vessel (subpart H)
Temperature monitoring device (subpart G)
Test method (subpart A)
Total resource effectiveness index value (subpart G)
Treatment process (subpart G)
Unit operation (subpart F)
Vent stream (subpart G)
Visible emission (subpart A)
Waste management unit (subpart G)
Wastewater (subpart F)
Wastewater stream (subpart G)
(b) All other terms used in this subpart shall have the meaning
given them in this section. If a term is defined in a subpart
referenced above and in this section, it shall have the meaning given
in this section for purposes of this subpart.
Affected source is defined in Sec. 63.480(a).
Aggregate batch vent stream means a gaseous emission stream
containing only the exhausts from two or more batch front-end process
vents that are ducted together before being routed to a control device
that is in continuous operation.
Average flow rate, as used in conjunction with wastewater
provisions, is defined in and determined by the specifications in
Sec. 63.144(c) of subpart G; or, as used in conjunction with the batch
front-end process vent provisions, is defined in and determined by the
specifications in Sec. 63.488(e).
Back-end refers to the unit operations in an EPPU following the
stripping operations. Back-end process operations include, but are not
limited to, filtering, coagulation, blending, concentration, drying,
separating, and other finishing operations, as well as latex and crumb
storage.
Batch cycle means the operational step or steps, from start to
finish, that occur as part of a batch unit operation.
Batch cycle limitation means an enforceable restriction on the
number of batch cycles that can be performed in a year for an
individual batch front-end process vent.
Batch emission episode means a discrete emission venting episode
associated with a single batch unit operation. Multiple batch emission
episodes may occur from a single batch unit operation.
Batch front-end process vent means a point of emission from a batch
unit operation having a gaseous emission stream with annual organic HAP
emissions greater than 225 kilograms per year and located in the front-
end of a process unit. Batch front-end process vents exclude relief
valve discharges and leaks from equipment regulated under Sec. 63.502.
Batch process means a discontinuous process involving the bulk
movement of material through sequential manufacturing steps. Mass,
temperature, concentration, and other properties of the process vary
with time. Addition of raw material and withdrawal of product do not
typically occur simultaneously in a batch process. For the purposes of
this subpart, a process producing polymers is characterized as
continuous or batch based on the operation of the polymerization
reactors.
Batch unit operation means a unit operation operated in a batch
process mode.
Butyl rubber means a copolymer of isobutylene and other monomers.
Typical other monomers include isoprene and methylstyrenes. A typical
composition of butyl rubber is approximately 85 to 99 percent
isobutylene and one to fifteen percent other monomers. Most butyl
rubber is produced by precipitation polymerization, although other
methods may be used.
Compounding unit means a unit of operation which blends, melts, and
resolidifies solid polymers for the purpose of incorporating additives,
colorants, or stabilizers into the final elastomer product. A unit
operation whose primary purpose is to remove residual monomers from
polymers is not a compounding unit.
Continuous front-end process vent means a point of emission from a
continuous process unit operation within an affected source having a
gaseous emission stream with a flow rate greater than or equal to 0.005
standard cubic meter per minute and with a total organic HAP
concentration greater than or equal to 50 parts per million by volume.
Continuous front-end process vents exclude relief valve
[[Page 46931]]
discharges and leaks from equipment regulated under Sec. 63.502.
Continuous process means a process where the inputs and outputs
flow continuously through sequential manufacturing steps throughout the
duration of the process. Continuous processes typically approach
steady-state conditions. Continuous processes typically involve the
simultaneous addition of raw material and withdrawal of product. For
the purposes of this subpart, a process producing polymers is
characterized as continuous or batch based on the operation of the
polymerization reactors.
Continuous unit operation means a unit operation operated in a
continuous process mode.
Control device is defined in Sec. 63.111 of subpart G, except that
the term ``process vent'' shall be replaced with the term ``continuous
front-end process vent'' for the purpose of this subpart.
Crumb rubber dry weight means the weight of the polymer, minus the
weight of water and residual organics.
Drawing unit means a unit operation which converts polymer into a
different shape by melting or mixing the polymer and then pulling it
through an orifice to create a continuously extruded product.
Elastomer means any polymer having a glass transition temperature
lower than -10 deg.C, or a glass transition temperature between
-10 deg.C and 25 deg.C that is capable of undergoing deformation
(stretching) of several hundred percent and recovering essentially when
the stress is removed. For the purposes of this subpart, resins are not
considered to be elastomers.
Elastomer product means one of the following 12 types of products,
as they are defined in this section:
(1) Butyl Rubber,
(2) Halobutyl Rubber,
(3) Epichlorohydrin Elastomers,
(4) Ethylene Propylene Rubber,
(5) HypalonTM,
(6) Neoprene,
(7) Nitrile Butadiene Rubber,
(8) Nitrile Butadiene Latex,
(9) Polybutadiene Rubber/Styrene Butadiene Rubber by Solution,
(10) Polysulfide Rubber,
(11) Styrene Butadiene Rubber by Emulsion, and
(12) Styrene Butadiene Latex.
Elastomer product process unit (EPPU) means a collection of
equipment assembled and connected by pipes or ducts used to process raw
materials and to manufacture an elastomer product as its primary
product. This collection of equipment includes process vents; storage
vessels, as determined in Sec. 63.480(g); and the equipment (i.e.,
pumps, compressors, agitators, pressure relief devices, sampling
connection systems, open-ended valves or lines, valves, connectors,
instrumentation systems, surge control vessels, and bottoms receivers
that are associated with the elastomer product process unit) that are
subject to the equipment leak provisions as specified in Sec. 63.502.
Compounding units, spinning units, drawing units, extruding units, and
other finishing steps are not part of an EPPU. In addition, a solid
state polymerization unit is not part of an EPPU.
Elastomer type means one of the elastomers defined under
``elastomer product'' in this section. Each elastomer identified in
that definition represents a different elastomer type.
Emission point means an individual continuous front-end process
vent, batch front-end process vent, back-end process vent, storage
vessel, wastewater stream, or equipment leak.
Emulsion process means a process carried out with the reactants in
an emulsified form (e.g., polymerization reaction).
Epichlorohydrin elastomer means an elastomer formed from the
polymerization or copolymerization of epichlorohydrin (EPI). The main
epichlorohydrin elastomers are polyepichlorohydrin, epi-ethylene oxide
(EO) copolymer, epi-allyl glycidyl ether (AGE) copolymer, and epi-EO-
AGE terpolymer. Epoxy resins produced by the copolymerization of EPI
and bisphenol A are not epichlorohydrin elastomers.
Ethylene-propylene rubber means an ethylene-propylene copolymer or
an ethylene-propylene terpolymer. Ethylene-propylene copolymers (EPM)
result from the polymerization of ethylene and propylene and contain a
saturated chain of the polymethylene type. Ethylene-propylene
terpolymers (EPDM) are produced in a similar manner as EPM, except that
a moderate amount of the third monomer is added to the reaction
sequence. Typical third monomers include ethylidene norbornene, 1,4-
hexadiene, or dicyclopentadiene. Ethylidene norbornene is the most
commonly used. The production process includes, but is not limited to,
polymerization, recycle, recovery, and packaging operations. The
polymerization reaction may occur in either a solution process or a
suspension process.
Extruding unit means a unit operation which converts polymer into a
different shape by melting or mixing the polymer and then forcing it
through an orifice to create a continuously extruded product.
Front-end refers to the unit operations in an EPPU prior to, and
including, the stripping operations. The process front-end includes all
activity from raw material storage through the stripping operation,
including pre-polymerization blending, reactions, etc. For all gas-
phased reaction processes, all unit operations are considered to be
front-end.
Gas-phased reaction process means an elastomer production process
where the reaction occurs in a gas phase, fluidized bed.
Grade means the subdivision of an elastomer product type by
different characteristics such as molecular weight, monomer
composition, significant mooney values, and the presence or absence of
extender oil and/or carbon black.
Group 1 batch front-end process vent means a batch front-end
process vent releasing annual organic HAP emissions greater than or
equal to 11,800 kg/yr and with a cutoff flow rate, calculated in
accordance with Sec. 63.488(f), greater than or equal to the annual
average flow rate.
Group 2 batch front-end process vent means a batch front-end
process vent that does not fall within the definition of a Group 1
batch front-end process vent.
Group 1 continuous front-end process vent means a continuous front-
end process vent releasing a gaseous emission stream that has a total
resource effectiveness index value, calculated according to Sec. 63.115
of subpart G, less than or equal to 1.0.
Group 2 continuous front-end process vent means a continuous front-
end process vent that does not fall within the definition of a Group 1
continuous front-end process vent.
Group 1 storage vessel means a storage vessel at an existing
affected source that meets the applicability criteria specified in
Table 3 of this subpart, or a storage vessel at a new affected source
that meets the applicability criteria specified in Table 4 of this
subpart.
Group 2 storage vessel means a storage vessel that does not fall
within the definition of a Group 1 storage vessel.
Group 1 wastewater stream means a process wastewater stream from an
elastomer product process unit at an existing or new source with a
total volatile organic hazardous air pollutant average concentration
greater than or equal to 10,000 parts per million by weight of
compounds listed in table 9 of subpart G at any flowrate; or a process
wastewater stream from a process unit at an existing or new source that
has an average flow rate greater than or equal to 10 liters per minute
and a total volatile organic hazardous air pollutant
[[Page 46932]]
concentration greater than 1,000 parts per million by weight of
compounds listed in table 9 of subpart G.
Group 2 wastewater stream means any process wastewater stream that
does not meet the definition of a Group 1 wastewater stream.
Halobutyl rubber means a butyl rubber elastomer produced using
halogenated copolymers.
Halogenated aggregate batch vent stream means an aggregate batch
vent stream determined to have a total mass emission rate of halogen
atoms contained in organic compounds of 3,750 kg/yr or greater
determined by the Procedures presented in Sec. 63.488(h).
Halogenated batch front-end process vent means a batch front-end
process vent determined to have a mass emission rate of halogen atoms
contained in organic compounds of 3,750 kg/yr or greater determined by
the procedures presented in Sec. 63.488(h).
Halogenated continuous front-end process vent means a continuous
front-end process vent determined to have a mass emission rate of
halogen atoms contained in organic compounds of 0.45 kg/hr or greater
determined by the procedures presented in Sec. 63.115(d)(2)(v) of
subpart G.
High conversion latex means a latex where all monomers are reacted
to at least 95 percent conversion.
Hypalon TM means a chlorosulfonated polyethylene that is a
synthetic rubber produced for uses such as wire and cable insulation,
shoe soles and heels, automotive components, and building products.
Latex means a colloidal aqueous emulsion of elastomer. A latex may
be further processed into finished products by direct use as a coating
or as a foam, or it may be precipitated to separate the rubber
particles, which are then used in dry state to prepare finished
products.
Latex weight includes the weight of the polymer and the weight of
the water solution.
Mass process means a process carried out through the use of thermal
energy (e.g., polymerization reaction). Mass processes do not utilize
emulsifying or suspending agents, but can utilize catalysts or other
additives.
Material recovery section means the equipment that recovers
unreacted or by-product materials from any process section for return
to the EPPU, off-site purification or treatment, or sale. Equipment
designed to separate unreacted or by-product material from the polymer
product is to be included in this process section, provided that at the
time of initial compliance some of the material is recovered for reuse
in the process, off-site purification or treatment, or sale. Otherwise,
such equipment is to be assigned to one of the other process sections,
as appropriate. If equipment is used to recover unreacted or by-product
material and return it directly to the same piece of process equipment
from which it was emitted, then the recovery equipment is considered to
be part of the process section that contains the process equipment. On
the other hand, if equipment is used to recover unreacted or by-product
material and return it to a different piece of process equipment in the
same process section, the recovery equipment is considered to be part
of a material recovery section. Equipment that treats recovered
materials is to be included in this process section, but equipment that
also treats raw materials is not to be included in this process
section. The latter equipment is to be included in the raw materials
preparation section.
Month means either a calendar month or a repeating 30-day period.
For the purposes of compliance with the back-end limitations in
Sec. 63.506, a month can begin on any day of the month (i.e., starting
on the 15th and ending on the 14th of the following month),
as long as the month never contains more than 31 calendar days.
Neoprene means a polymer of chloroprene (2-chloro-1,3-butadiene).
The free radical emulsion process is generally used to produce
neoprene, although other methods may be used.
Nitrile butadiene latex means a polymer consisting primarily of
unsaturated nitriles and dienes, usually acrylonitrile and 1,3-
butadiene, that is sold as a latex.
Nitrile butadiene rubber means a polymer consisting primarily of
unsaturated nitriles and dienes, usually acrylonitrile and 1,3-
butadiene, not including those facilities that produce nitrile
butadiene latex.
Organic hazardous air pollutant(s) (organic HAP) means one or more
of the chemicals listed in Table 5 of this subpart or any other
chemical which:
(1) Is knowingly introduced into the manufacturing process other
than as an impurity, or has been or will be reported under any Federal
or State program, such as EPCRA section 311, 312, or 313 or Title V;
and
(2) Is listed in Table 2 of subpart F of this part.
Polybutadiene rubber/styrene butadiene rubber by solution means a
polymer of 1,3-butadiene produced using a solution process, and/or a
polymer that consists primarily of styrene and butadiene monomer units
and is produced using a solution process.
Polymerization reaction section means the equipment designed to
cause monomer(s) to react to form polymers, including equipment
designed primarily to cause the formation of short polymer chains
(e.g., oligomers or low polymers), but not including equipment designed
to prepare raw materials for polymerization (e.g., esterification
vessels). For the purposes of this subpart, the polymerization reaction
section begins with the equipment used to transfer the materials from
the raw materials preparation section and ends with the last vessel in
which polymerization occurs.
Polysulfide rubber means a polymer produced by reacting sodium
polysulfide and chloroethyl formal. Polysulfide rubber may be produced
as latexes or solid product.
Primary product is defined in and determined by the procedures
specified in Sec. 63.480(f).
Process section means the equipment designed to accomplish a
general but well-defined task in polymers production. Process sections
include raw materials preparation, polymerization reaction, and
material recovery. A process section may be dedicated to a single EPPU
or may be common to more than one EPPU.
Process unit means a collection of equipment assembled and
connected by pipes or ducts to process raw materials and to manufacture
a product.
Process vent means a point of emission from a unit operation having
a gaseous emission stream. Typical process vents include condenser
vents, dryer vents, vacuum pumps, steam ejectors, and atmospheric vents
from reactors and other process vessels, but do not include pressure
relief valves.
Product means a compound or material which is manufactured by a
process unit. By-products, isolated intermediates, impurities, wastes,
and trace contaminants are not considered products.
Raw materials preparation section means the equipment at a polymer
manufacturing plant designed to prepare raw materials, such as monomers
and solvents, for polymerization. For the purposes of this standard,
this process section begins with the equipment used to transfer raw
materials from storage and/or the equipment used to transfer recovered
material from the material recovery process sections, and ends with the
last piece of equipment that prepares the material for polymerization.
The raw materials preparation section may include equipment that is
used to purify, dry, or otherwise treat raw materials or raw and
recovered
[[Page 46933]]
materials together; to activate catalysts; and to promote
esterification including the formation of some short polymer chains
(oligomers). The raw materials preparation section does not include
equipment that is designed primarily to accomplish the formation of
oligomers, the treatment of recovered materials alone, or the storage
of raw materials.
Recovery operations equipment means the equipment used to separate
the components of process streams. Recovery operations equipment
includes distillation units, condensers, etc. Equipment used for
wastewater treatment shall not be considered recovery operations
equipment.
Resin means a polymer that is not an elastomer. The following are
characteristics of resins and the production of resins:
(1) The polymer is a block polymer;
(2) The manufactured polymer does not require vulcanization to make
useful products;
(3) The polymer production process is operated to achieve at least
99 percent monomer conversion; and
(4) The polymer process unit does not recycle unreacted monomer
back to the process.
Solid state polymerization unit means a unit operation which,
through the application of heat, furthers the polymerization (i.e.,
increases the intrinsic viscosity) of polymer chips.
Solution process means a process where both the monomers and the
resulting polymers are dissolved in an organic solvent.
Steady-state conditions means that all variables (temperatures,
pressures, volumes, flow rates, etc.) in a process do not vary
significantly with time; minor fluctuations about constant mean values
can occur.
Storage vessel means a tank or other vessel that is used to store
liquids that contain one or more organic HAP and that has been
assigned, according to the procedures in Sec. 63.480(g), to an EPPU
that is subject to this subpart. Storage vessels do not include:
(1) Vessels permanently attached to motor vehicles such as trucks,
railcars, barges, or ships;
(2) Pressure vessels designed to operate in excess of 204.9
kilopascals and without emissions to the atmosphere;
(3) Vessels with capacities smaller than 38 cubic meters;
(4) Vessels and equipment storing and/or handling material that
contains no organic HAP, or organic HAP as impurities only;
(5) Surge control vessels and bottoms receiver tanks; and
(6) Wastewater storage tanks.
Stripping technology means the removal of organic compounds from a
raw elastomer product by the use of heat and/or vacuum. Stripping
technology includes steam stripping, direct volatilization, chemical
stripping, and other methods of devolatilization.
Styrene butadiene latex means a polymer consisting primarily of
styrene and butadiene monomer units produced using an emulsion process
and sold as a latex.
Styrene butadiene rubber by emulsion means a polymer consisting
primarily of styrene and butadiene monomer units produced using an
emulsion process. Styrene butadiene rubber by emulsion does not include
styrene butadiene latex.
Suspension process means a process carried out with the reactants
in a state of suspension, typically achieved through the use of water
and/or suspending agents (e.g., polymerization reaction).
Total organic compounds (TOC) means those compounds, excluding
methane and ethane, measured according to the procedures of Method 18
or Method 25A of 40 CFR part 60, appendix A.
Year means any consecutive 12-month period or 365 rolling days. For
the purposes of emissions averaging, the term year applies to any 12-
month period selected by the facility and defined in its Emissions
Averaging Plan. For the purposes of batch cycle limitations, the term
year applies to the 12-month period defined by the facility in its
Notification of Compliance Status.
Sec. 63.483 Emission standards.
(a) Except as allowed under paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section,
the owner or operator of an existing or new affected source shall
comply with the provisions in:
(1) Section 63.484 for storage vessels;
(2) Section 63.485 for continuous front-end process vents;
(3) Sections 63.486 through 63.492 for batch front-end process
vents;
(4) Sections 63.493 through 63.500 for back-end process operations;
(5) Section 63.501 for wastewater;
(6) Section 63.502 for equipment leaks;
(7) Section 63.504 for additional test methods and procedures;
(8) Section 63.505 for monitoring levels and excursions; and
(9) Section 63.506 for general reporting and recordkeeping
requirements.
(b) Instead of complying with Secs. 63.484, 63.485, 63.493, and
63.501, the owner or operator of an existing affected source may elect
to control any or all of the storage vessels, continuous front-end
process vents, batch front-end process vents, aggregate batch vent
streams, and back-end process emissions within the affected source,
plus any or all process wastewater streams associated with the affected
source, to different levels using an emissions averaging compliance
approach that uses the procedures specified in Sec. 63.503. An owner or
operator electing to use emissions averaging must still comply with the
provisions of Secs. 63.484, 63.485, 63.486, 63.493, and 63.501 for
affected source emission points not included in the emissions average.
(c) A State may decide not to allow the use of the emissions
averaging compliance approach specified in paragraph (b) of this
section as a compliance option for an existing affected source.
Sec. 63.484 Storage vessel provisions.
(a) For each storage vessel located at an affected source, except
for those storage vessels exempted by paragraph (b) of this section,
the owner or operator shall comply with the requirements of
Secs. 63.119 through 63.123 and Sec. 63.148 of subpart G, with the
differences noted in paragraphs (c) through (q) of this section.
(b) Storage vessels described in paragraphs (b)(1) through (b)(7)
of this section are exempt from the storage vessel requirements of this
section.
(1) Storage vessels containing styrene-butadiene latex;
(2) Storage vessels containing other latex products and located
downstream of the stripping operations;
(3) Storage vessels containing high conversion latex products;
(4) Storage vessels located downstream of the stripping operations
at affected sources subject to the back-end residual organic HAP
limitation located in Sec. 63.494, that are complying through the use
of stripping technology, as specified in Sec. 63.495;
(5) Storage vessels containing styrene;
(6) Storage vessels containing acrylamide; and
(7) Storage vessels containing epichlorohydrin.
(c) When the term ``storage vessel'' is used in Secs. 63.119
through 63.123 and 63.148 of subpart G, the definition of this term in
Sec. 63.482 shall apply for the purposes of this subpart.
(d) When the term ``Group 1 storage vessel'' is used in
Secs. 63.119 through 63.123 and Sec. 63.148 of subpart G, the
definition of this term in Sec. 63.482 shall apply for the purposes of
this subpart.
(e) When the term ``Group 2 storage vessel'' is used in
Secs. 63.119 through
[[Page 46934]]
63.123 and Sec. 63.148 of subpart G, the definition of this term in
Sec. 63.482 shall apply for the purposes of this subpart.
(f) When the emissions averaging provisions of Sec. 63.150 of
subpart G are referred to in Sec. 63.119 and Sec. 63.123 of subpart G,
the emissions averaging provisions contained in Sec. 63.503 shall apply
for the purposes of this subpart.
(g) When December 31, 1992 is referred to in Sec. 63.119 of subpart
G, it shall be replaced with June 12, 1995 for the purposes of this
subpart.
(h) When April 22, 1994 is referred to in Sec. 63.119 of subpart G,
it shall be replaced with September 5, 1996 for the purposes of this
subpart.
(i) Each owner or operator shall comply with this paragraph instead
of Sec. 63.120(d)(1)(ii) of subpart G for the purposes of this subpart.
If the control device used to comply with this section is also used to
comply with Secs. 63.485 through Sec. 63.501, the performance test
required for these sections is acceptable for demonstrating compliance
with Sec. 63.119(e) of subpart G for the purposes of this subpart. The
owner or operator will not be required to prepare a design evaluation
for the control device as described in Sec. 63.120(d)(1)(i) of subpart
G, if the performance test meets the criteria specified in paragraphs
(i)(1) and (i)(2) of this section.
(1) The performance test demonstrates that the control device
achieves greater than or equal to the required control efficiency
specified in Sec. 63.119(e)(1) or Sec. 63.119(e)(2) of subpart G, as
applicable; and
(2) The performance test is submitted as part of the Notification
of Compliance Status required by Sec. 63.506(e)(5).
(j) When the term ``operating range'' is used in
Sec. 63.120(d)(3)(i) of subpart G, it shall be replaced with the term
``level,'' for the purposes of this subpart. This level shall be
established using the procedures specified in Sec. 63.505.
(k) When the Notification of Compliance Status requirements
contained in Sec. 63.152(b) of subpart G are referred to in
Secs. 63.120, 63.122, and 63.123 of subpart G, the Notification of
Compliance Status requirements contained in Sec. 63.506(e)(5) shall
apply for the purposes of this subpart.
(l) When the Periodic Report requirements contained in
Sec. 63.152(c) of subpart G are referred to in Secs. 63.120, 63.122,
and 63.123 of subpart G, the Periodic Report requirements contained in
Sec. 63.506(e)(6) shall apply for the purposes of this subpart.
(m) When other reports as required in Sec. 63.152(d) of subpart G
are referred to in Sec. 63.122 of subpart G, the reporting requirements
contained in Sec. 63.506(e)(7) shall apply for the purposes of this
subpart.
(n) When the Implementation Plan requirements contained in
Sec. 63.151(c) of subpart G are referred to in Sec. 63.119 through
Sec. 63.123 of subpart G, for the purposes of this subpart the owner or
operator of an affected source need not comply.
(o) When the Initial Notification Plan requirements contained in
Sec. 63.151(b) of subpart G are referred to in Sec. 63.119 through
Sec. 63.123 of subpart G, for the purposes of this subpart the owner or
operator of an affected source need not comply.
(p) When the determination of equivalence criteria in
Sec. 63.102(b) of subpart F are referred to in Sec. 63.121(a) of
subpart G, the provisions in Sec. 63.6(g) of subpart A shall apply for
the purposes of this subpart.
(q) The compliance date for storage vessels at affected sources
subject to the provisions of this section is specified in Sec. 63.481.
Sec. 63.485 Continuous front-end process vent provisions.
(a) For each continuous front-end process vent located at an
affected source, the owner or operator shall comply with the
requirements of Secs. 63.113 through 63.118 of subpart G, except as
provided for in paragraphs (b) through (s) of this section. Continuous
front-end process vents that are combined with one or more batch front-
end process vents shall comply with paragraph (m) or (n) of this
section.
(b) When the term ``process vent'' is used in Secs. 63.113 through
63.118 of subpart G, it shall be replaced with the term ``continuous
front-end process vent,'' and the definition of this term in
Sec. 63.482 shall apply for the purposes of this subpart.
(c) When the term ``halogenated process vent'' is used in
Secs. 63.113 through 63.118 of subpart G, it shall be replaced with the
term ``halogenated continuous front-end process vent,'' and the
definition of this term in Sec. 63.482 shall apply for the purposes of
this subpart.
(d) When the term ``Group 1 process vent'' is used in Secs. 63.113
through 63.118 of subpart G, it shall be replaced with the term ``Group
1 continuous front-end process vent,'' and the definition of this term
in Sec. 63.482 shall apply for the purposes of this subpart.
(e) When the term ``Group 2 process vent'' is used in Secs. 63.113
through 63.118 of subpart G, it shall be replaced with the term ``Group
2 continuous front-end process vent,'' and the definition of this term
in Sec. 63.482 shall apply for the purposes of this subpart.
(f) When December 31, 1992 is referred to in Sec. 63.113 of subpart
G, it shall be replaced with June 12, 1995 for the purposes of this
subpart.
(g) When Secs. 63.151(f), alternative monitoring parameters, and
63.152(e), submission of an operating permit, of subpart G are referred
to in Secs. 63.114(c) and 63.117(e) of subpart G, Sec. 63.506(f),
alternative monitoring parameters, and Sec. 63.506(e)(8), submission of
an operating permit, respectively, shall apply for the purposes of this
subpart.
(h) When the Notification of Compliance Status requirements
contained in Sec. 63.152(b) of subpart G are referred to in
Secs. 63.114, 63.117, and 63.118 of subpart G, the Notification of
Compliance Status requirements contained in Sec. 63.506(e)(5) shall
apply for the purposes of this subpart.
(i) When the Periodic Report requirements contained in
Sec. 63.152(c) of subpart G are referred to in Secs. 63.117 and 63.118
of subpart G, the Periodic Report requirements contained in
Sec. 63.506(e)(6) shall apply for the purposes of this subpart.
(j) When the definition of excursion in Sec. 63.152(c)(2)(ii)(A) of
subpart G is referred to in Sec. 63.118(f)(2) of subpart G, the
definition of excursion in Sec. 63.505(g) and (h) shall apply for the
purposes of this subpart.
(k) For the purposes of this subpart, owners and operators shall
comply with Sec. 63.505, parameter monitoring levels and excursions,
instead of Sec. 63.114(e) of subpart G. When the term ``range'' is used
in Sec. 63.117(f), Sec. 63.118(a)(2)(iv), (b)(2)(iv), (f)(1), and
(f)(6) of subpart G, it shall be replaced with the term ``level.'' This
level is determined in accordance with Sec. 63.505.
(l) When reports of process changes are required under Sec. 63.118
(g), (h), (i), and (j) of subpart G, paragraphs (l)(1) through (l)(4)
of this section shall apply for the purposes of this subpart.
(1) Whenever a process change, as defined in Sec. 63.115(e) of
subpart G, is made that causes a Group 2 continuous front-end process
vent to become a Group 1 continuous front-end process vent, the owner
or operator shall submit the following information in the first
periodic report following the process change, as specified in
Sec. 63.506(e)(6)(iii)(D)(2):
(i) A description of the process change; and
(ii) A schedule for compliance with Sec. 63.113(a) of subpart G, as
required under Sec. 63.506(e)(6)(iii)(D)(2).
(2) Whenever a process change, as defined in Sec. 63.115(e) of
subpart G, is made that causes a Group 2 continuous front-end process
vent with a TRE greater than 4.0 to become a Group 2
[[Page 46935]]
continuous front-end process vent with a TRE less than 4.0, the owner
or operator shall submit the following information in the first
periodic report following the process change, as specified in
Sec. 63.506(e)(6)(iii)(D)(2):
(i) A description of the process change; and
(ii) A schedule for compliance with the provisions of
Sec. 63.113(d) of subpart G, as required under
Sec. 63.506(e)(6)(iii)(D)(2).
(3) Whenever a process change, as defined in Sec. 63.115(e) of
subpart G, is made that causes a Group 2 continuous front-end process
vent with a flow rate less than 0.005 standard cubic meter per minute
(scmm) to become a Group 2 continuous front-end process vent with a
flow rate of 0.005 scmm or greater and a TRE index value less than or
equal to 4.0, the owner or operator shall submit the following
information in the first periodic report following the process change,
as specified in Sec. 63.506(e)(6)(iii)(D)(2):
(i) A description of the process change; and
(ii) A schedule for compliance with two provisions of
Sec. 63.113(d) of subpart G, as required under
Sec. 63.506(e)(6)(iii)(D)(2).
(4) Whenever a process change, as defined in Sec. 63.115(e) of
subpart G, is made that causes a Group 2 continuous front-end process
vent with an organic HAP concentration less than 50 parts per million
by volume (ppmv) to become a Group 2 continuous front-end process vent
with an organic HAP concentration of 50 ppmv or greater and a TRE index
value less than or equal to 4.0, the owner or operator shall submit the
following information in the first periodic report following the
process change, as specified in Sec. 63.506(e)(6)(iii)(D)(2):
(i) A description of the process change; and
(ii) A schedule for compliance with the provisions of
Sec. 63.113(d) of subpart G, as required under
Sec. 63.506(e)(6)(iii)(D)(2).
(m) If a batch front-end process vent is combined with a continuous
front-end process vent prior to being routed to a control device, the
combined vent stream shall comply with either paragraph (m)(1) or
(m)(2) of this section, as appropriate.
(1) If the continuous front-end process vent is a Group 1
continuous front-end process vent, the combined vent stream shall
comply with all requirements for a Group 1 continuous process vent
stream in Secs. 63.113 through 63.118 of subpart G, with the
differences noted in paragraphs (b) through (l) of this section.
(2) If the continuous front-end process vent is a Group 2
continuous front-end process vent, the TRE index value shall be
calculated during maximum representative operating conditions. For
combined streams containing continuous front-end and batch front-end
process vents, the maximum representative operating conditions shall be
during periods when batch emission episodes are venting to the control
device resulting in the highest concentration of organic HAP in the
combined vent stream.
(n) If a batch front-end process vent is combined with a continuous
front-end process vent prior to being routed to a recovery device, the
TRE index value shall be calculated at the exit of the recovery device
at maximum representative operating conditions. For combined vent
streams containing continuous front-end and batch front-end process
vents, the maximum representative operating conditions shall be during
periods when batch emission episodes are venting to the recovery device
resulting in the highest concentration of organic HAP in the combined
vent stream.
(o) Group 1 halogenated continuous front-end process vents at
affected existing sources producing butyl rubber, halobutyl rubber, or
ethylene propylene rubber are exempt from the requirements to control
hydrogen halides and halogens from the outlet of combustion devices
contained in Sec. 63.113(c) of subpart G, if the conditions in
paragraphs (o)(1) and (o)(2) of this section are met. Affected new
sources are not exempt from these provisions.
(1)(i) For affected sources producing butyl rubber, halobutyl
rubber, or ethylene propylene rubber using a solution process, if the
halogenated continuous front-end process vent stream was controlled by
a combustion device prior to June 12, 1995, or
(ii) For affected sources producing ethylene propylene rubber using
a gas-phased reaction process, if the halogenated continuous front-end
process vent stream was controlled by a combustion device since
startup.
(2) The combustion device meets the requirements of
Sec. 63.113(a)(1)(i), Sec. 63.113(a)(2), Sec. 63.113(a)(3), or
Sec. 63.113(b) of subpart G.
(p) The compliance date for continuous front-end process vents
subject to the provisions of this section is specified in Sec. 63.481.
This replaces the reference to Sec. 63.100 of subpart F in
Sec. 63.115(e)(2) of subpart G.
(q) Internal combustion engines. In addition to the three options
for the control of a Group 1 continuous front-end process vent listed
in Sec. 63.113(a) (1)-(3) of subpart G, an owner or operator can route
emissions of organic HAP to an internal combustion engine, provided the
conditions listed in paragraphs (q)(1) through (q)(3) of this section
are met.
(1) The vent stream routed to the internal combustion engine shall
not be a halogenated continuous front-end process vent stream.
(2) The organic HAP is introduced with the primary fuel.
(3) The owner or operator continuously monitors the on/off status
of the internal combustion engine.
(4) If an internal combustion engine meeting the requirements of
paragraphs (q) (1) through (3) of this section is used to comply with
the provisions of Sec. 63.113(a) of subpart G, the internal combustion
engine is exempt from the source testing requirements of Sec. 63.116 of
subpart G.
(r) When the provisions of Sec. 63.116 (c)(3) and (c)(4) of subpart
G specify that Method 18 shall be used, Method 18 or Method 25A may be
used for the purposes of this subpart. The use of Method 25A shall
comply with paragraphs (r)(1) and (r)(2) of this section.
(1) The organic HAP used as the calibration gas for Method 25A
shall be the single organic HAP representing the largest percent by
volume of the emissions.
(2) The use of Method 25A is acceptable if the response from the
high-level calibration gas is at least 20 times the standard deviation
of the response from the zero calibration gas when the instrument is
zeroed on the most sensitive scale.
(s) When the provisions of Sec. 63.116(b) identify conditions under
which a performance test is not required, for purposes of this subpart,
the exemption in paragraph (s)(1) of this section shall also apply.
Further, if a performance test meeting the conditions specified in
paragraph (s)(2) of this section has been conducted by the owner or
operator, the results of that performance test shall suffice, for the
purposes of this section.
(1) An incinerator burning hazardous waste for which the owner or
operator complies with the requirements of 40 CFR part 264, subpart O.
(2) Performance tests done for other subparts in part 60 or part 63
where total organic HAP or TOC was measured, provided that the owner or
operator can demonstrate that operating conditions for the process and
control or recovery device during the performance test are
representative of current operating conditions.
[[Page 46936]]
Sec. 63.486 Batch front-end process vent provisions.
(a) Batch front-end process vents. Except as specified in paragraph
(b) of this section, owners and operators of new and existing affected
sources with batch front-end process vents shall comply with the
requirements in Secs. 63.487 through 63.492. The batch front-end
process vent group status shall be determined in accordance with
Sec. 63.488. Batch front-end process vents classified as Group 1 shall
comply with the reference control technology requirements for Group 1
batch front-end process vents in Sec. 63.487, the monitoring
requirements in Sec. 63.489, the performance test methods and
procedures to determine compliance requirements in Sec. 63.490, the
recordkeeping requirements in Sec. 63.491, and the reporting
requirements in Sec. 63.492. All Group 2 batch front-end process vents
shall comply with the applicable reference control technology
requirements in Sec. 63.487, the recordkeeping requirements in
Sec. 63.491, and the reporting requirements in Sec. 63.492.
(b) Aggregate batch vent streams. Aggregate batch vent streams, as
defined in Sec. 63.482, are subject to the control requirements for
individual batch front-end process vents, as specified in
Sec. 63.487(b), as well as the monitoring, testing, recordkeeping, and
reporting requirements specified in Sec. 63.489 through Sec. 63.492.
Sec. 63.487 Batch front-end process vents--reference control
technology.
(a) Batch front-end process vents. The owner or operator of a Group
1 batch front-end process vent, as determined using the procedures in
Sec. 63.488, shall comply with the requirements of either paragraph
(a)(1) or (a)(2) of this section. Compliance can be based on either
organic HAP or TOC.
(1) For each batch front-end process vent, reduce organic HAP
emissions using a flare.
(i) The flare shall comply with the requirements of Sec. 63.11(b)
of subpart A.
(ii) Halogenated batch front-end process vents, as defined in
Sec. 63.482, shall not be vented to a flare.
(2) For each batch front-end process vent, reduce organic HAP
emissions for the batch cycle by 90 weight percent using a control
device. Owners or operators may achieve compliance with this paragraph
through the control of selected batch emission episodes or the control
of portions of selected batch emission episodes. Documentation
demonstrating how the 90 weight percent emission reduction is achieved
is required by Sec. 63.490(c)(2).
(b) Aggregate batch vent streams. The owner or operator of an
aggregate batch vent stream that contains one or more Group 1 batch
front-end process vents shall comply with the requirements of either
paragraph (b)(1) or (b)(2) of this section. Compliance can be based on
either organic HAP or TOC.
(1) For each aggregate batch vent stream, reduce organic HAP
emissions using a flare.
(i) The flare shall comply with the requirements of Sec. 63.11(b)
of subpart A.
(ii) Halogenated aggregate batch vent streams, as defined in
Sec. 63.482, shall not be vented to a flare.
(2) For each aggregate batch vent stream, reduce organic HAP
emissions by 90 weight percent on a continuous basis using a control
device.
(c) Halogenated emissions. Halogenated Group 1 batch front-end
process vents, halogenated aggregate batch vent streams, and
halogenated continuous front-end process vents that are combusted as
part of complying with paragraph (a)(2) or (b)(2) of this section,
shall be controlled according to either paragraph (c)(1) or (c)(2) of
this section.
(1) If a combustion device is used to comply with paragraph (a)(2)
or (b)(2) of this section for a halogenated batch front-end process
vent or halogenated aggregate batch vent stream, the emissions shall be
ducted from the combustion device to an additional control device that
reduces overall emissions of hydrogen halides and halogens by 99
percent before those emissions are discharged to the atmosphere.
(2) A control device may be used to reduce the halogen atom mass
emission rate to less than 3,750 kg/yr for batch front-end process
vents or aggregate batch vent streams and thus make the batch front-end
process vent or aggregate batch vent stream nonhalogenated. The
nonhalogenated batch front-end process vent or aggregate batch vent
stream must then comply with the requirements of either paragraph (a)
or (b) of this section, as appropriate.
(d) If a boiler or process heater is used to comply with the
percent reduction requirement specified in paragraph (a)(2) or (b)(2)
of this section, the batch front-end process vent or aggregate batch
vent stream shall be introduced into the flame zone of such a device.
(e) Combination of batch front-end process vents or aggregate batch
vent streams with continuous front-end process vents. A batch front-end
process vent or aggregate batch vent stream combined with a continuous
front-end process vent stream is not subject to the provisions of
Secs. 63.488 through 63.492, providing the requirements of paragraphs
(e)(1), (e)(2), and either (e)(3) or (e)(4) of this section are met.
(1) The batch front-end process vent is combined with a continuous
front-end process vent prior to routing the continuous front-end
process vent to a control or recovery device. In this paragraph, the
definitions of control device and recovery device as they relate to
continuous front-end process vents shall be used.
(2) The only emissions to the atmosphere from the batch front-end
process vent or aggregate batch vent stream prior to being combined
with the continuous front-end process vent are from equipment subject
to and in compliance with Sec. 63.502.
(3) If the batch front-end vent stream or aggregate batch vent
stream is combined with a continuous front-end process vent stream
prior to being routed to a control device, the combined vent stream
shall comply with the requirements in Sec. 63.485(m). In this
paragraph, the definition of control device as it relates to continuous
front-end process vents shall be used.
(4) If the batch front-end process vent or aggregate batch vent
stream is combined with a continuous front-end process vent stream
prior to being routed to a recovery device, the combined vent stream
shall comply with the requirements in Sec. 63.485(n). In this
paragraph, the definition of recovery device as it relates to
continuous front-end process vents shall be used.
(f) Group 2 batch front-end process vents with annual emissions
greater than or equal to the level specified in Sec. 63.488(d). The
owner or operator of a Group 2 batch front-end process vent with annual
emissions greater than or equal to the level specified in
Sec. 63.488(d) shall comply with the provisions of paragraphs (f)(1)
and (f)(2) of this section.
(1) Establish a batch cycle limitation that ensures that the Group
2 batch front-end process vent does not become a Group 1 batch front-
end process vent, and
(2) Comply with the recordkeeping requirements in
Sec. 63.491(d)(2), and the reporting requirements in Sec. 63.492(a)(3)
and (b).
(g) Group 2 batch front-end process vents with annual emissions
less than the level specified in Sec. 63.488(d). The owner or operator
of a Group 2 batch front-end process vent with annual organic HAP
emissions less than the level specified in Sec. 63.488(d), shall comply
with either paragraphs (g)(1) and (g)(2) of this section or with
[[Page 46937]]
paragraphs (f)(1) and (f)(2) of this section.
(1) Establish a batch cycle limitation that ensures emissions do
not exceed the appropriate level specified in Sec. 63.488(d), and
(2) Comply with the recordkeeping requirements in
Sec. 63.491(d)(1), and the reporting requirements in Sec. 63.492(a)(2),
(b), and (c).
Sec. 63.488 Methods and procedures for batch front-end process vent
group determination.
(a) General requirements. Except as provided in paragraph (a)(3) of
this section, the owner or operator of batch front-end process vents at
affected sources shall determine the group status of each batch front-
end process vent in accordance with the provisions of this section.
This determination may be based on either organic HAP or TOC emissions.
(1) The procedures specified in paragraphs (b) through (i) shall be
followed for the expected mix of products for a given batch front-end
process vent, as specified in paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this section, or
for the worst-case HAP emitting batch unit operation, as specified in
paragraphs (a)(1)(ii) through (a)(1)(iv) of this section. ``Worst-case
HAP emitting product'' is defined in paragraph (a)(1)(iii) of this
section.
(i) If an owner or operator chooses to follow the procedures
specified in paragraphs (b) through (i) of this section for the
expected mix of products, an identification of the different products
and the number of batch cycles accomplished for each is required as
part of the group determination documentation.
(ii) If an owner or operator chooses to follow the procedures
specified in paragraphs (b) through (i) of this section for the worst-
case HAP emitting product, documentation identifying the worst-case HAP
emitting product is required as part of the group determination
documentation.
(iii) Except as specified in paragraph (a)(1)(iii)(B) of this
section, the worst-case HAP emitting product is as defined in paragraph
(a)(1)(iii)(A) of this section.
(A) The worst-case HAP emitting product is the one with the highest
mass emission rate (kg organic HAP per hour) averaged over the entire
time period of the batch cycle.
(B) Alternatively, when one product is produced more than 75
percent of the time, accounts for more than 75 percent of the annual
mass of product, and the owner or operator can show that the mass
emission rate (kg organic HAP per hour) averaged over the entire time
period of the batch cycle can reasonably be expected to be similar to
the mass emission rate for other products having emissions from the
same batch front-end process vent, that product may be considered the
worst-case HAP emitting product.
(C) An owner or operator shall determine the worst-case HAP
emitting product for a batch front-end process vent as specified in
paragraphs (a)(1)(iii)(C)(1) through (a)(1)(iii)(C)(3) of this section.
(1) The emissions per batch emission episode shall be determined
using any of the procedures specified in paragraph (b) of this section.
The mass emission rate (kg organic HAP per hour) averaged over the
entire time period of the batch cycle shall be determined by summing
the emissions for each batch emission episode making up a complete
batch cycle and dividing by the total duration in hours of the batch
cycle.
(2) To determine the worst-case HAP emitting product as specified
under paragraph (a)(1)(iii)(A) of this section, the mass emission rate
for each product shall be determined and compared.
(3) To determine the worst-case HAP emitting product as specified
under paragraph (a)(1)(iii)(B) of this section, the mass emission rate
for the product meeting the time and mass criteria of paragraph
(a)(1)(iii)(B) of this section shall be determined, and the owner or
operator shall provide adequate information to demonstrate that the
mass emission rate for said product is similar to the mass emission
rates for the other products having emissions from the same batch
process vent. In addition, the owner or operator shall provide
information demonstrating that the selected product meets the time and
mass criteria of paragraph (a)(1)(iii)(B) of this section.
(iv) The annual production of the worst-case HAP emitting product
shall be determined by ratioing the production time of the worst-case
product up to a 12 month period of actual production. It is not
necessary to ratio up to a maximum production rate (i.e., 8,760 hours
per year at maximum design production).
(2) The annual uncontrolled organic HAP or TOC emissions and
average flow rate shall be determined at the exit from the batch unit
operation. For the purposes of these determinations, the primary
condenser operating as a reflux condenser on a distillation column, the
primary condenser recovering monomer or solvent from a batch stripping
operation, and the primary condenser recovering monomer or solvent from
a batch distillation operation shall be considered part of the batch
unit operation. All other devices that recover or oxidize organic HAP
or TOC vapors shall be considered control devices as defined in
Sec. 63.482.
(3) The owner or operator of a batch front-end process vent
complying with the flare provisions in Sec. 63.487(a)(1) or
Sec. 63.487(b)(1) or routing the batch front-end process vent to a
control device to comply with the requirements in Sec. 63.487(a)(2) or
Sec. 63.487(b)(2) is not required to perform the batch front-end
process vent group determination described in this section, but shall
comply with all requirements applicable to Group 1 batch front-end
process vents.
(b) Determination of annual emissions. The owner or operator shall
calculate annual uncontrolled TOC or organic HAP emissions for each
batch front-end process vent using the methods described in paragraphs
(b)(1) through (b)(8) of this section. Paragraphs (b)(1) through (b)(4)
of this section present procedures that can be used to calculate the
emissions from individual batch emission episodes. Emissions from batch
front-end processes involving multicomponent systems are to be
calculated using the procedures in paragraphs (b)(1) through (b)(4) of
this section. Individual HAP partial pressures in multicomponent
systems shall be determined by the following methods: If the components
are miscible in one another, use Raoult's law to calculate the partial
pressures; if the solution is a dilute aqueous mixture, use Henry's law
constants to calculate partial pressures; if Raoult's law or Henry's
law are not appropriate or available, use experimentally obtained
activity coefficients, Henry's law constants, or solubility data; if
Raoult's law or Henry's law are not appropriate, use models, such as
the group-contribution models, to predict activity coefficients; and if
Raoult's law or Henry's law are not appropriate, assume the components
of the system behave independently and use the summation of all vapor
pressures from the HAP's as the total HAP partial pressure. Chemical
property data can be obtained from standard reference texts. Paragraph
(b)(5) of this section describes how direct measurement can be used to
estimate emissions. If the owner or operator can demonstrate that the
procedures in paragraphs (b)(1) through (b)(4) of this section are not
appropriate to estimate emissions from a batch front-end process
emission episode, emissions may be estimated using engineering
assessment, as described in paragraph (b)(6) of this section. Owners or
operators are not required to demonstrate that direct measurement is
[[Page 46938]]
not appropriate before utilizing engineering assessment. Paragraph
(b)(6)(ii) of this section describes how an owner or operator shall
demonstrate that the procedures in paragraphs (b)(1) through (b)(4) of
this section are not appropriate. Emissions from a batch cycle shall be
calculated in accordance with paragraph (b)(7) of this section, and
annual emissions from the batch front-end process vent shall be
calculated in accordance with paragraph (b)(8) of this section.
(1) TOC or organic HAP emissions from the purging of an empty
vessel shall be calculated using Equation 1. This equation does not
take into account evaporation of any residual liquid in the vessel.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR05SE96.000
where:
Eepisode=Emissions, kg/episode.
Vves=Volume of vessel, m3.
P=TOC or total organic HAP partial pressure, kPa.
MWWAVG=Weighted average molecular weight of TOC or organic HAP in
vapor, determined in accordance with paragraph (b)(4)(iii) of this
section, kg/kmol.
R=Ideal gas constant, 8.314 m3kPa/kmol deg.K.
T=Temperature of vessel vapor space, deg.K.
m=Number of volumes of purge gas used.
(2) TOC or organic HAP emissions from the purging of a filled
vessel shall be calculated using Equation 2.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR05SE96.001
where:
Eepisode=Emissions, kg/episode.
y=Saturated mole fraction of all TOC or organic HAP in vapor phase.
Vdr=Volumetric gas displacement rate, m3/min.
P=Pressure in vessel vapor space, kPa.
MWWAVG=Weighted average molecular weight of TOC or organic HAP in
vapor, determined in accordance with paragraph (b)(4)(iii) of this
section, kg/kmol.
R=Ideal gas constant, 8.314 m3kPa/kmol deg.K.
T=Temperature of vessel vapor space, deg.K.
Pi=Vapor pressure of TOC or individual organic HAP i, kPa.
xi=Mole fraction of TOC or organic HAP i in the liquid.
n=Number of organic HAP in stream.
Note: Summation not required if TOC emissions are being estimated.
Tm=Minutes/episode.
(3) Emissions from vapor displacement due to transfer of material
into or out of a vessel shall be calculated using Equation 3.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR05SE96.002
where:
Eepisode=Emissions, kg/episode.
y=Saturated mole fraction of all TOC or organic HAP in vapor phase.
V=Volume of gas displaced from the vessel, m3.
P=Pressure of vessel vapor space, kPa.
MWWAVG=Weighted average molecular weight of TOC or organic HAP in
vapor, determined in accordance with paragraph (b)(4)(iii) of this
section, kg/kmol.
R=Ideal gas constant, 8.314 m3kPa/kmol deg.K.
T=Temperature of vessel vapor space, deg.K.
(4) Emissions caused by the heating of a vessel shall be calculated
using the procedures in either paragraph (b)(4)(i), (b)(4)(ii), or
(b)(4)(iii) of this section, as appropriate.
(i) If the final temperature to which the vessel contents is heated
is lower than 50 K below the boiling point of the HAP in the vessel,
then emissions shall be calculated using the equations in paragraphs
(b)(4)(i)(A) through (b)(4)(i)(D) of this section.
(A) Emissions caused by heating of a vessel shall be calculated
using Equation 4. The assumptions made for this calculation are
atmospheric pressure of 760 mm Hg and the displaced gas is always
saturated with VOC vapor in equilibrium with the liquid mixture.
[[Page 46939]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR05SE96.003
where:
Eepisode=Emissions, kg/episode.
(Pi)T1, (Pi)T2=Partial pressure (kPa) TOC or each organic HAP
in the vessel headspace at initial (T1) and final (T2) temperature.
n=Number of organic HAP in stream. Note: Summation not required if TOC
emissions are being estimated.
=Number of kilogram-moles (kg-moles) of gas
displaced, determined in accordance with paragraph (b)(4)(i)(B) of this
section.
101.325=Constant, kPa.
(MWWAVG,T1), (MWWAVG,T2)=Weighted average molecular weight of
TOC or organic HAP in vapor, determined in accordance with paragraph
(b)(4)(iii) of this section.
(B) The moles of gas displaced, , is calculated
using equation 5.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR05SE96.004
where:
=Number of kg-moles of gas displaced.
Vfs=Volume of free space in the vessel, m3.
R=Ideal gas constant, 8.314 m3kPa/kmolK.
Pa1=Initial noncondensible gas pressure in the vessel, kPa.
Pa2=Final noncondensible gas pressure, kPa.
T1=Initial temperature of vessel, K.
T2=Final temperature of vessel, K.
(C) The initial and final pressure of the noncondensible gas in the
vessel shall be calculated using equation 6.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR05SE96.005
where:
Pa=Initial or final partial pressure of noncondensible gas in the
vessel headspace, kPa.
101.325=Constant, kPa.
(Pi)T=Partial pressure of TOC or each organic HAP i in the vessel
headspace, kPa, at the initial or final temperature (T1 or
T2).
n=Number of organic HAP in stream. Note: Summation not required if TOC
emissions are being estimated.
(D) The weighted average molecular weight of organic HAP in the
displaced gas, MWHAP, shall be calculated using equation 7:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR05SE96.006
where:
c=TOC or organic HAP component
n=Number of TOC or organic HAP components in stream.
(ii) If the vessel contents are heated to a temperature greater
than 50 K below the boiling point, then emissions from the heating of a
vessel shall be calculated as the sum of the emissions calculated in
accordance with paragraphs (b)(4)(ii)(A) and (b)(4)(ii)(B) of this
section.
(A) For the interval from the initial temperature to the
temperature 50 K below the boiling point, emissions shall be calculated
using Equation 4, where T2 is the temperature 50 K below the
boiling point.
(B) For the interval from the temperature 50 K below the boiling
point to the final temperature, emissions shall be calculated as the
summation of emissions for each 5 K increment, where the emissions for
each increment shall be calculated using Equation 4.
(1) If the final temperature of the heatup is lower than 5 K below
the boiling point, the final temperature for the last increment shall
be the final temperature for the heatup, even if the last increment is
less than 5 K.
(2) If the final temperature of the heatup is higher than 5 K below
the boiling point, the final temperature for the last increment shall
be the temperature 5 K below the boiling point, even if the last
increment is less than 5 K.
(3) If the vessel contents are heated to the boiling point and the
vessel is not operating with a condenser, the final temperature for the
final increment shall be the temperature 5 K below the boiling point,
even if the last increment is less than 5 K.
(iii) If the vessel is operating with a condenser, and the vessel
contents are heated to the boiling point, the primary condenser is
considered part of the process, as described in Sec. 63.488(a)(2).
Emissions shall be calculated as the sum of Equation 4, which
calculates emissions due to heating the vessel contents to the
temperature of the gas
[[Page 46940]]
exiting the condenser, and Equation 3, which calculates emissions due
to the displacement of the remaining saturated noncondensible gas in
the vessel. The final temperature in Equation 4 shall be set equal to
the exit gas temperature of the condenser. Equation 3 shall be used as
written below in Equation 3a, using free space volume, and T2 is
set equal to the condenser exit gas temperature.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR05SE96.007
where:
Eepisode=Organic HAP emissions, kg/episode.
yi=Saturated mole fraction of organic HAP in the vapor phase.
Vfs=Volume of the free space in the vessel, m3.
PT=Pressure of the vessel vapor space, kPa.
MWHAP=Weighted average molecular weight of organic HAP in vapor,
determined in accordance with paragraph (b)(4)(iii) of this section.
R=Ideal gas constant, 8.314 m3kPa/kmolK.
T=Temperature of condenser exit stream K.
n=Number of organic HAP in stream.
(5) The owner or operator may estimate annual emissions for a batch
emission episode by direct measurement. If direct measurement is used,
the owner or operator shall either perform a test for the duration of a
representative batch emission episode or perform a test during only
those periods of the batch emission episode for which the emission rate
for the entire episode can be determined or for which the emissions are
greater than the average emission rate of the batch emission episode.
The owner or operator choosing either of these options must develop an
emission profile for the entire batch emission episode, based on either
process knowledge or test data collected, to demonstrate that test
periods are representative. Examples of information that could
constitute process knowledge include calculations based on material
balances and process stoichiometry. Previous test results may be used
provided the results are still relevant to the current batch process
vent conditions. Performance tests shall follow the procedures
specified in paragraphs (b)(5)(i) through (b)(5)(iii) of this section.
The procedures in either paragraph (b)(5)(iv) or (b)(5)(v) of this
section shall be used to calculate the emissions per batch emission
episode.
(i) Method 1 or 1A, as appropriate, shall be used for selection of
the sampling sites if the flow measuring device is a pitot tube. No
traverse is necessary when Method 2A or 2D is used to determine gas
stream volumetric flow rate.
(ii) Gas stream volumetric flow rate and/or average flow rate shall
be determined as specified in paragraph (e) of this section.
(iii) Method 18 or Method 25A, of 40 CFR part 60, appendix A, shall
be used to determine the concentration of TOC or organic HAP, as
appropriate. The use of Method 25A shall comply with paragraphs
(b)(5)(iii)(A) and (b)(5)(iii)(B) of this section.
(A) The organic HAP used as the calibration gas for Method 25A
shall be the single organic HAP representing the largest percent by
volume of the emissions.
(B) The use of Method 25A is acceptable if the response from the
high-level calibration gas is at least 20 times the standard deviation
of the response from the zero calibration gas when the instrument is
zeroed on the most sensitive scale.
(iv) If an integrated sample is taken over the entire batch
emission episode to determine TOC or average total organic HAP
concentration, emissions shall be calculated using Equation 8.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR05SE96.008
where:
Eepisode=Emissions, kg/episode
K=Constant, 2.494 x 10-6 (ppmv) -1 (gm-mole/scm) (kg/gm)
(min/hr), where standard temperature is 20 deg.C.
Cj=Average concentration of TOC or sample organic HAP component j
of the gas stream for the batch emission episode, dry basis, ppmv.
Mj=Molecular weight of TOC or sample component j of the gas
stream, dry basis, gm/gm-mole.
AFR=Average flow rate of gas stream, dry basis, scmm.
Th=Hours/episode
n=Number of organic HAP in stream. Note: Summation not required if TOC
emissions are being estimated using a TOC concentration measured using
Method 25A.
(v) If grab samples are taken to determine TOC or average total
organic HAP concentration, emissions shall be calculated according to
paragraphs (b)(5)(v)(A) and (b)(5)(v)(B) of this section.
(A) For each measurement point, the emission rate shall be
calculated using Equation 9.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR05SE96.009
where:
Epoint=Emission rate for individual measurement point, kg/hr.
K=Constant, 2.494 x 10-6 (ppmv)-1 (gm-mole/scm) (kg/gm)
(min/hr), where standard temperature is 20 deg.C.
Cj=Concentration of TOC or sample component j of the gas stream,
dry basis, ppmv.
Mj=Molecular weight of TOC or sample component j of the gas
stream, gm/gm-mole.
FR=Flow rate of gas stream for the measurement point, dry basis, scmm.
n=Number of organic HAP in stream. Note: Summation not required if TOC
emissions are being estimated using a TOC concentration measured using
Method 25A.
(B) The emissions per batch emission episode shall be calculated
using Equation 10.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR05SE96.010
where:
Eepisode=Emissions, kg/episode.
DUR=Duration of the batch emission episode, hr/episode.
Ei=Emissions for measurement point i, kg/hr.
n=Number of measurements.
(6) If the owner or operator can demonstrate that the methods in
paragraphs (b)(1) through (b)(4) of this section are not appropriate to
estimate emissions for a batch emissions episode, the owner or operator
may use engineering assessment to estimate emissions as specified in
paragraphs (b)(6)(i) and (b)(6)(ii) of this section. All data,
assumptions, and procedures used in an engineering assessment shall be
documented.
(i) Engineering assessment includes, but is not limited to, the
following:
(A) Previous test results, provided the tests are representative of
current operating practices.
(B) Bench-scale or pilot-scale test data representative of the
process under representative operating conditions.
(C) Flow rate, TOC emission rate, or organic HAP emission rate
specified or implied within a permit limit applicable to the batch
front-end process vent.
(D) Design analysis based on accepted chemical engineering
principles, measurable process parameters, or physical or chemical laws
or properties. Examples of analytical methods include, but are not
limited to:
[[Page 46941]]
(1) Use of material balances,
(2) Estimation of flow rate based on physical equipment design,
such as pump or blower capacities, and
(3) Estimation of TOC or organic HAP concentrations based on
saturation conditions.
(ii) The emissions estimation equations in paragraphs (b)(1)
through (b)(4) of this section shall be considered inappropriate for
estimating emissions for a given batch emissions episode if one or more
of the criteria in paragraphs (b)(6)(ii)(A) through (b)(6)(ii)(B) of
this section are met.
(A) Previous test data are available that show a greater than 20
percent discrepancy between the test value and the estimated value.
(B) The owner or operator can demonstrate to the Administrator
through any other means that the emissions estimation equations are not
appropriate for a given batch emissions episode.
(C) Data or other information supporting a finding that the
emissions estimation equations are inappropriate as specified under
paragraph (b)(6)(ii)(A) of this section shall be reported in the
Notification of Compliance Status, as required in Sec. 63.506(e)(5).
(D) Data or other information supporting a finding that the
emissions estimation equations are inappropriate as specified under
paragraph (b)(6)(ii)(B) of this section shall be reported in the
Precompliance Report, as required in Sec. 63.506(e)(3).
(7) For each batch front-end process vent, the TOC or organic HAP
emissions associated with a single batch cycle shall be calculated
using Equation 11.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR05SE96.011
where:
Ecycle=Emissions for an individual batch cycle, kg/batch cycle.
Eepisodei=Emissions from a batch emission episode i, kg/episode.
n=Number of batch emission episodes for the batch cycle.
(8) Annual TOC or organic HAP emissions from a batch front-end
process vent shall be calculated using Equation 12.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR05SE96.012
where:
AE=Annual emissions from a batch front-end process vent, kg/yr.
Ni=Number of type i batch cycles performed annually, cycles/year.
Ecyclei=Emissions from the batch front-end process vent associated
with single type i batch cycle, as determined in paragraph (b)(7) of
this section, kg/batch cycle.
n=Number of different types of batch cycles that cause the emission of
TOC or organic HAP from the batch front-end process vent.
(c) [Reserved]
(d) Minimum emission level exemption. A batch front-end process
vent with annual emissions less than 11,800 kg/yr is considered a Group
2 batch front-end process vent and the owner or operator of that batch
front-end process vent shall comply with the requirements in
Sec. 63.487 (f) or (g). The owner or operator of that batch front-end
process vent is not required to comply with the provisions in
paragraphs (e) through (g) of this section.
(e) Determination of average flow rate. The owner or operator shall
determine the average flow rate for each batch emission episode in
accordance with one of the procedures provided in paragraphs (e)(1)
through (e)(2) of this section. The annual average flow rate for a
batch front-end process vent shall be calculated as specified in
paragraph (e)(3) of this section.
(1) Determination of the average flow rate for a batch emission
episode by direct measurement shall be made using the procedures
specified in paragraphs (e)(1)(i) through (e)(1)(iii) of this section.
(i) The vent stream volumetric flow rate (Qs) for a batch
emission episode, in scmm at 20 deg.C, shall be determined using
Method 2, 2A, 2C, or 2D of 40 CFR part 60, appendix A, as appropriate.
(ii) The volumetric flow rate of a representative batch emission
episode shall be measured every 15 minutes.
(iii) The average flow rate for a batch emission episode shall be
calculated using Equation 13.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR05SE96.013
where:
AFRepisode=Average flow rate for the batch emission episode, scmm.
FRi=Flow rate for individual measurement i, scmm.
n=Number of flow rate measurements taken during the batch emission
episode.
(2) The average flow rate for a batch emission episode may be
determined by engineering assessment, as defined in paragraph (b)(6)(i)
of this section. All data, assumptions, and procedures used shall be
documented.
(3) The annual average flow rate for a batch front-end process vent
shall be calculated using Equation 14.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR05SE96.014
where:
AFR=Annual average flow rate for the batch front-end process vent,
scmm.
DURi=Duration of type i batch emission episodes annually, hr/yr.
AFRepisode,i=Average flow rate for type i batch emission episode,
scmm.
n=Number of types of batch emission episodes venting from the batch
front-end process vent.
(f) Determination of cutoff flow rate. For each batch front-end
process vent, the owner or operator shall calculate the cutoff flow
rate using Equation 15.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR05SE96.015
where:
CFR=Cutoff flow rate, scmm.
AE=Annual TOC or organic HAP emissions, as determined in paragraph
(b)(8) of this section, kg/yr.
(g) Group 1/Group 2 status determination. The owner or operator
shall compare the cutoff flow rate, calculated in accordance with
paragraph (f) of this section, with the annual average flow rate,
determined in accordance with paragraph (e)(3) of this section. The
group determination status for each batch front-end process vent shall
be made using the criteria specified in paragraphs (g)(1) and (g)(2) of
this section.
(1) If the cutoff flow rate is greater than or equal to the annual
average flow rate of the stream, the batch front-end process vent is
classified as a Group 1 batch front-end process vent.
(2) If the cutoff flow rate is less than the annual average flow
rate of the stream, the batch front-end process vent is classified as a
Group 2 batch front-end process vent.
(h) Determination of halogenation status. To determine whether a
batch front-end process vent or an aggregate batch vent stream is
halogenated, the annual mass emission rate of halogen atoms contained
in organic compounds shall be calculated using the procedures specified
in paragraphs (h)(1) through (h)(3) of this section.
(1) The concentration of each organic compound containing halogen
atoms (ppmv, by compound) for each batch emission episode shall be
determined based on the following procedures:
[[Page 46942]]
(i) Process knowledge that no halogens or hydrogen halides are
present in the process may be used to demonstrate that a batch emission
episode is nonhalogenated. Halogens or hydrogen halides that are
unintentionally introduced into the process shall not be considered in
making a finding that a batch emission episode is nonhalogenated.
(ii) Engineering assessment as discussed in paragraph (b)(6)(i) of
this section.
(iii) Concentration of organic compounds containing halogens and
hydrogen halides as measured by Method 26 or 26A of 40 CFR part 60,
appendix A.
(iv) Any other method or data that has been validated according to
the applicable procedures in Method 301 of appendix A of this part.
(2) The annual mass emissions of halogen atoms for a batch front-
end process vent shall be calculated using Equation 16.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR05SE96.016
where:
Ehalogen=Mass of halogen atoms, dry basis, kg/yr.
K=Constant, 0.022 (ppmv)-1 (kg-mole per scm) (min/yr), where
standard temperature is 20 deg.C.
AFR=Annual average flow rate of the batch front-end process vent,
determined according to paragraph (e) of this section, scmm.
Mj,i=Molecular weight of halogen atom i in compound j, kg/kg-mole.
Lj,i=Number of atoms of halogen i in compound j.
n=Number of halogenated compounds j in the batch front-end process
vent.
m=Number of different halogens i in each compound j of the batch front-
end process vent.
Cavgj=Average annual concentration of halogenated compound j in
the batch front-end process vent, as determined by using Equation 17,
dry basis, ppmv.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR05SE96.017
where:
DURi=Duration of type i batch emission episodes annually, hr/yr.
Ci=Average concentration of halogenated compound j in type i batch
emission episode, ppmv.
n=Number of types of batch emission episodes venting from the batch
front-end process vent.
(3) The annual mass emissions of halogen atoms for an aggregate
batch vent stream shall be the sum of the annual mass emissions of
halogen atoms for all batch front-end process vents included in the
aggregate batch vent stream.
(i) Process changes affecting Group 2 batch front-end process
vents. Whenever process changes, as described in paragraph (i)(1) of
this section, are made that affect one or more Group 2 batch front-end
process vents, the owner or operator shall comply with paragraphs
(i)(2) and (i)(3) of this section.
(1) Examples of process changes include, but are not limited to,
changes in production capacity, production rate, feedstock type, or
catalyst type; or whenever there is replacement, removal, or
modification of recovery equipment considered part of the batch unit
operation as specified in paragraph (a)(2) of this section. An increase
in the annual number of batch cycles beyond the batch cycle limitation
constitutes a process change. For purposes of this paragraph, process
changes do not include: Process upsets; unintentional, temporary
process changes; and changes that are within the margin of variation on
which the original group determination was based.
(2) For each batch front-end process vent affected by a process
change, the owner or operator shall redetermine the group status by
repeating the procedures specified in paragraphs (b) through (g) of
this section, as applicable. Alternatively, engineering assessment, as
described in paragraph (b)(6)(i) of this section, can be used to
determine the effects of the process change.
(3) Based on the results of paragraph (i)(2) of this section,
owners or operators shall comply with either paragraph (i)(3) (i),
(ii), or (iii) of this section.
(i) If the redetermination described in paragraph (i)(2) of this
section indicates that a Group 2 batch front-end process vent has
become a Group 1 batch front-end process vent as a result of the
process change, the owner or operator shall submit a report as
specified in Sec. 63.492(b) and shall comply with the Group 1
provisions in Sec. 63.487 through Sec. 63.492 in accordance with the
compliance schedule described in Sec. 63.506(e)(6)(iii)(D)(2).
(ii) If the redetermination described in paragraph (i)(2) of this
section indicates that a Group 2 batch front-end process vent with
annual emissions less than the applicable level specified in paragraph
(d) of this section, and that is in compliance with Sec. 63.487(g), now
has annual emissions greater than or equal to the applicable level
specified by paragraph (d) of this section but remains a Group 2 batch
front-end process vent, the owner or operator shall submit a report as
specified in Sec. 63.492(c) and shall comply with Sec. 63.487(f) in
accordance with the compliance schedule required by
Sec. 63.506(e)(6)(iii)(D)(2).
(iii) If the redetermination described in paragraph (i)(2) of this
section indicates no change in group status or no change in the
relation of annual emissions to the levels specified in paragraph (d)
of this section, the owner or operator is not required to submit a
report, as described in Sec. 63.492(d).
Sec. 63.489 Batch front-end process vents--monitoring requirements.
(a) General requirements. Each owner or operator of a batch front-
end process vent or aggregate batch vent stream that uses a control
device to comply with the
[[Page 46943]]
requirements in Sec. 63.487(a)(2) or Sec. 63.487(b)(2) shall install
the monitoring equipment specified in paragraph (b) of this section.
(1) This monitoring equipment shall be in operation at all times
when batch emission episodes, or portions thereof, that the owner or
operator has selected to control are vented to the control device, or
at all times when an aggregate batch vent stream is vented to the
control device.
(2) The owner or operator shall operate control devices such that
monitored parameters remain above the minimum level or below the
maximum level, as appropriate, established as specified in paragraph
(e) of this section.
(b) Batch front-end process vent and aggregate batch vent stream
monitoring parameters. The monitoring equipment specified in paragraphs
(b)(1) through (b)(8) of this section shall be installed as specified
in paragraph (a) of this section. The parameters to be monitored are
specified in Table 6 of this subpart.
(1) Where an incinerator is used, a temperature monitoring device
equipped with a continuous recorder is required.
(i) Where an incinerator other than a catalytic incinerator is
used, the temperature monitoring device shall be installed in the
firebox or in the ductwork immediately downstream of the firebox in a
position before any substantial heat exchange occurs.
(ii) Where a catalytic incinerator is used, temperature monitoring
devices shall be installed in the gas stream immediately before and
after the catalyst bed.
(2) Where a flare is used, a device (including, but not limited to,
a thermocouple, ultra-violet beam sensor, or infrared sensor) capable
of continuously detecting the presence of a pilot flame is required.
(3) Where a boiler or process heater of less than 44 megawatts
design heat input capacity is used, a temperature monitoring device in
the firebox equipped with a continuous recorder is required. Any boiler
or process heater in which all batch front-end process vents or
aggregate batch vent streams are introduced with the primary fuel or
are used as the primary fuel is exempt from this requirement.
(4) Where a scrubber is used with an incinerator, boiler, or
process heater in concert with the combustion of halogenated batch
front-end process vents, the following monitoring equipment is required
for the scrubber:
(i) A pH monitoring device equipped with a continuous recorder to
monitor the pH of the scrubber effluent; and
(ii) A flow meter equipped with a continuous recorder shall be
located at the scrubber influent to monitor the scrubber liquid flow
rate.
(5) Where an absorber is used, a scrubbing liquid temperature
monitoring device and a specific gravity monitoring device are
required, each equipped with a continuous recorder.
(6) Where a condenser is used, a condenser exit temperature
(product side) monitoring device equipped with a continuous recorder is
required.
(7) Where a carbon adsorber is used, an integrating regeneration
stream flow monitoring device having an accuracy of 10
percent, capable of recording the total regeneration stream mass flow
for each regeneration cycle; and a carbon bed temperature monitoring
device, capable of recording the carbon bed temperature after each
regeneration and within 15 minutes of completing any cooling cycle are
required.
(8) As an alternate to paragraphs (b)(5) through (b)(7) of this
section, the owner or operator may install an organic monitoring device
equipped with a continuous recorder.
(c) Alternative monitoring parameters. An owner or operator of a
batch front-end process vent or aggregate batch vent stream may request
approval to monitor parameters other than those required by paragraph
(b) of this section. The request shall be submitted according to the
procedures specified in Sec. 63.506(f). Approval shall be requested if
the owner or operator:
(1) Uses a control device other than those included in paragraph
(b) of this section; or
(2) Uses one of the control devices included in paragraph (b) of
this section, but seeks to monitor a parameter other than those
specified in Table 6 of this subpart and paragraph (b) of this section.
(d) Monitoring of bypass lines. The owner or operator of a batch
front-end process vent or aggregate batch vent stream using a vent
system that contains bypass lines that could divert emissions away from
a control device used to comply with Sec. 63.487(a) or Sec. 63.487(b)
shall comply with either paragraph (d)(1), (d)(2), or (d)(3) of this
section. Equipment such as low leg drains, high point bleeds, analyzer
vents, open-ended valves or lines, and pressure relief valves needed
for safety purposes are not subject to this paragraph.
(1) Properly install, maintain, and operate a flow indicator that
takes a reading at least once every 15 minutes. Records shall be
generated as specified in Sec. 63.491(e)(3). The flow indicator shall
be installed at the entrance to any bypass line that could divert
emissions away from the control device and to the atmosphere; or
(2) Secure the bypass line valve in the non-diverting position with
a car-seal or a lock-and-key type configuration. A visual inspection of
the seal or closure mechanism shall be performed at least once every
month to ensure that the valve is maintained in the non-diverting
position and emissions are not diverted through the bypass line.
Records shall be generated as specified in Sec. 63.491(e)(4).
(3) Continuously monitor the bypass line damper or valve position
using computer monitoring and record any periods when the position of
the bypass line damper or valve has changed as specified in
Sec. 63.491(e)(4).
(e) Establishment of parameter monitoring levels. Parameter
monitoring levels for batch front-end process vents and aggregate batch
vent streams shall be established as specified in paragraphs (e)(1)
through (e)(3) of this section.
(1) For each parameter monitored under paragraph (b) of this
section, the owner or operator shall establish a level, defined as
either a maximum or minimum operating parameter as denoted in Table 7
of this subpart, that indicates proper operation of the control device.
The level shall be established in accordance with the procedures
specified in Sec. 63.505.
(i) For batch front-end process vents using a control device to
comply with Sec. 63.487(a)(2), the established level shall reflect the
control efficiency established as part of the initial compliance
demonstration specified in Sec. 63.490(c)(2).
(ii) For aggregate batch vent streams using a control device to
comply with Sec. 63.487(b)(2), the established level shall reflect the
control efficiency requirement specified in Sec. 63.487(b)(2).
(2) The established level, along with supporting documentation,
shall be submitted in the Notification of Compliance Status or the
operating permit application as required in Sec. 63.506(e)(5) or
Sec. 63.506(e)(8), respectively.
(3) The operating day shall be defined as part of establishing the
parameter monitoring level and shall be submitted with the information
in paragraph (e)(2) of this section. The definition of operating day
shall specify the times at which an operating day begins and ends. The
operating day shall not exceed 24 hours.
[[Page 46944]]
Sec. 63.490 Batch front-end process vents--performance test methods
and procedures to determine compliance.
(a) Use of a flare. When a flare is used to comply with
Sec. 63.487(a)(1) or Sec. 63.487(b)(1), the owner or operator shall
comply with the flare provisions in Sec. 63.11(b) of subpart A.
(b) Exceptions to performance tests. An owner or operator is not
required to conduct a performance test when a control device specified
in paragraphs (b)(1) through (b)(4) of this section is used to comply
with Sec. 63.487(a)(2).
(1) A boiler or process heater with a design heat input capacity of
44 megawatts or greater.
(2) A boiler or process heater where the vent stream is introduced
with the primary fuel or is used as the primary fuel.
(3) A control device for which a performance test was conducted for
determining compliance with a new source performance standard (NSPS)
and the test was conducted using the same procedures specified in this
section and no process changes have been made since the test.
(4) A boiler or process heater burning hazardous waste for which
the owner or operator:
(i) Has been issued a final permit under 40 CFR part 270 and
complies with the requirements of 40 CFR part 266, subpart H; or
(ii) Has certified compliance with the interim status requirements
of 40 CFR part 266, subpart H.
(5) An incinerator burning hazardous waste for which the owner or
operator complies with the requirements of 40 CFR part 264, subpart O.
(6) Performance tests done for other subparts in part 60 or part 63
where total organic HAP or TOC was measured, provided that the owner or
operator can demonstrate that operating conditions for the process and
control device during the performance test are representative of
current operating conditions.
(c) Batch front-end process vent testing and procedures for
compliance with Sec. 63.487(a)(2). Except as provided in paragraph (b)
of this section, an owner or operator using a control device to comply
with Sec. 63.487(a)(2) shall conduct a performance test using the
procedures specified in paragraph (c)(1) of this section in order to
determine the control efficiency of the control device. An owner or
operator shall determine the percent reduction for the batch cycle
using the control efficiency of the control device as specified in
paragraphs (c)(2)(i) through (c)(2)(iii) of this section and the
procedures specified in paragraph (c)(2) of this section. Compliance
may be based on either total organic HAP or TOC. For purposes of this
paragraph and all paragraphs that are part of paragraph (c) of this
section, the term ``batch emission episode'' shall have the meaning
``period of the batch emission episode selected for control,'' which
may be the entire batch emission episode or may only be a portion of
the batch emission episode.
(1) Performance tests shall be conducted as specified in paragraphs
(c)(1)(i) through (c)(1)(v) of this section.
(i) Except as specified in paragraph (c)(1)(i)(A) of this section,
a test shall be performed for the entire period of each batch emission
episode in the batch cycle that the owner or operator selects to
control as part of achieving the required 90 percent emission reduction
for the batch cycle specified in Sec. 63.487(a)(2). Only one test is
required for each batch emission episode selected by the owner or
operator for control. The owner or operator shall follow the procedures
listed in paragraphs (c)(1)(i)(B) through (c)(1)(i)(D) of this section.
(A) Alternatively, an owner or operator may choose to test only
those periods of the batch emission episode during which the emission
rate for the entire episode can be determined or during which the
emissions are greater than the average emission rate of the batch
emission episode. The owner or operator choosing either of these
options must develop an emission profile for the entire batch emission
episode, based on either process knowledge or test data collected, to
demonstrate that test periods are representative. Examples of
information that could constitute process knowledge include
calculations based on material balances and process stoichiometry.
Previous test results may be used, provided the results are still
relevant to the current batch front-end process vent conditions.
(B) Method 1 or 1A, as appropriate, shall be used for selection of
the sampling sites if the flow measuring device is a pitot tube. No
traverse is necessary when Method 2A or 2D is used to determine gas
stream volumetric flow rate. Inlet sampling sites shall be located as
specified in paragraphs (c)(1)(i)(B)(1) and (c)(1)(i)(B)(2) of this
section. Outlet sampling sites shall be located at the outlet of the
final control device prior to release to the atmosphere.
(1) The control device inlet sampling site shall be located at the
exit from the batch unit operation before any control device. Section
63.488(a)(2) describes those recovery devices considered part of the
unit operation. Inlet sampling sites would be after these specified
recovery devices.
(2) If a batch process vent is introduced with the combustion air
or as a secondary fuel into a boiler or process heater with a design
capacity less than 44 megawatts, selection of the location of the inlet
sampling sites shall ensure the measurement of total organic HAP or TOC
(minus methane and ethane) concentrations in all batch front-end
process vents and primary and secondary fuels introduced into the
boiler or process heater.
(C) Gas stream volumetric flow rate and/or average flow rate shall
be determined as specified in Sec. 63.488(e).
(D) Method 18 or Method 25A of 40 CFR part 60, Appendix A, shall be
used to determine the concentration of organic HAP or TOC, as
appropriate. The use of Method 25A shall comply with paragraphs
(c)(1)(i)(D)(1) and (c)(1)(i)(D)(2) of this section.
(1) The organic HAP used as the calibration gas for Method 25A
shall be the single organic HAP representing the largest percent by
volume of the emissions.
(2) The use of Method 25A is acceptable if the response from the
high-level calibration gas is at least 20 times the standard deviation
of the response from the zero calibration gas when the instrument is
zeroed on the most sensitive scale.
(ii) If an integrated sample is taken over the entire batch
emission episode to determine TOC or average total organic HAP
concentration, emissions per batch emission episode shall be calculated
using Equations 18 and 19.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR05SE96.018
[[Page 46945]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR05SE96.019
where:
Eepisode=Inlet or outlet emissions, kg/episode.
K=Constant, 2.494 x 10-6 (ppmv)-1 (gm-mole/scm) (kg/gm)
(min/hr), where standard temperature is 20 deg.C.
Cj=Average inlet or outlet concentration of TOC or sample
component j of the gas stream for the batch emission episode, dry
basis, ppmv.
Mj=Molecular weight of TOC or sample component j of the gas
stream, gm/gm-mole.
AFR=Average inlet or outlet flow rate of gas stream for the batch
emission episode, dry basis, scmm.
Th=Hours/episode.
n=Number of organic HAP in stream. Note: Summation not required if TOC
emissions are being estimated using a TOC concentration measured using
Method 25A.
(iii) If grab samples are taken to determine TOC or total organic
HAP concentration, emissions shall be calculated according to
paragraphs (c)(1)(iii)(A) and (c)(1)(iii)(B) of this section.
(A) For each measurement point, the emission rates shall be
calculated using Equations 20 and 21.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR05SE96.020
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR05SE96.050
where:
Epoint=Inlet or outlet emission rate for the measurement point,
kg/hr.
K=Constant, 2.494 x 10-6 (ppmv)-1 (gm-mole/scm) (kg/gm) (min/
hr), where standard temperature is 20 deg.C.
Cj=Inlet or outlet concentration of TOC or sample organic HAP
component j of the gas stream, dry basis, ppmv.
Mj=Molecular weight of TOC or sample organic HAP component j of
the gas stream, gm/gm-mole.
FR=Inlet or outlet flow rate of gas stream for the measurement point,
dry basis, scmm.
n=Number of organic HAP in stream.
Note: Summation not required if TOC emissions are being
estimated using a TOC concentration measured using Method 25A.
(B) The emissions per batch emission episode shall be calculated
using Equations 22 and 23.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR05SE96.021
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR05SE96.022
where:
Eepisode=Inlet or outlet emissions, kg/episode.
DUR=Duration of the batch emission episode, hr/episode.
Epoint,i=Inlet or outlet emissions for measurement point i, kg/hr.
n=Number of measurements.
(iv) The control efficiency for the control device shall be
calculated using Equation 24.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR05SE96.023
Where:
R=Control efficiency of control device, percent.
Einleti=Mass rate of TOC or total organic HAP for batch emission
episode i at the inlet to the control device as calculated under
paragraph (c)(1)(ii) or (c)(1)(iii) of this section, kg/hr.
Eoutleti=Mass rate of TOC or total organic HAP for batch emission
episode i at the outlet of the control device, as calculated under
paragraph (c)(1)(ii) or (c)(1)(iii) of this section, kg/hr.
n=Number of batch emission episodes in the batch cycle selected to be
controlled.
(v) If the batch front-end process vent entering a boiler or
process heater with a design capacity less than 44 megawatts is
introduced with the combustion air or as a secondary fuel, the weight-
percent reduction of total organic HAP or TOC across the device shall
be determined by comparing the TOC or total organic HAP in all
combusted batch front-end process vents and primary and secondary fuels
with the TOC or total organic HAP exiting the combustion device,
respectively.
(2) The percent reduction for the batch cycle shall be determined
using Equation 25 and the control device efficiencies specified in
paragraphs (c)(2)(i) through (c)(2)(iii) of this section. All
information used to calculate the batch cycle percent reduction,
including a definition of the batch cycle identifying all batch
emission episodes, must be recorded as specified in Sec. 63.491(b)(2).
This information shall include identification of those batch emission
episodes, or portions thereof, selected for control.
[[Page 46946]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR05SE96.024
where:
Eunc=Mass rate of TOC or total organic HAP for uncontrolled batch
emission episode i, kg/hr.
Einletcon=Mass rate of TOC or total organic HAP for controlled
batch emission episode i at the inlet to the control device, kg/hr.
R=Control efficiency of control device as specified in paragraphs
(c)(2)(i) through (c)(2)(iii) of this section.
n=Number of uncontrolled batch emission episodes, controlled batch
emission episodes, and control devices. The value of n is not
necessarily the same for these three items.
(i) If a performance test is required by paragraph (c) of this
section, the control efficiency of the control device shall be as
determined in paragraph (c)(1)(iv) of this section.
(ii) If a performance test is not required by paragraph (c) of this
section for a combustion control device, as specified in paragraph (b)
of this section, the control efficiency of the control device shall be
98 percent. The control efficiency for a flare shall be 98 percent.
(iii) If a performance test is not required by paragraph (c) of
this section for a noncombustion control device, the control efficiency
shall be determined by the owner or operator based on engineering
assessment.
(d) Batch process vent and aggregate batch vent stream testing for
compliance with Sec. 63.487(c) [halogenated emission streams]. An owner
or operator controlling halogenated emissions in compliance with
Sec. 63.487(c) shall conduct a performance test to determine compliance
with the control efficiency specified in Sec. 63.487(c)(1) or the
emission limit specified in Sec. 63.487(c)(2) for hydrogen halides and
halogens.
(1) Sampling sites shall be located at the inlet and outlet of the
scrubber or other control device used to reduce halogen emissions in
complying with Sec. 63.487(c)(1) or at the outlet of the control device
used to reduce halogen emissions in complying with Sec. 63.487(c)(2).
(2) The mass emissions of each hydrogen halide and halogen compound
for the batch cycle or aggregate batch vent stream shall be calculated
from the measured concentrations and the gas stream flow rate(s)
determined by the procedures specified in paragraphs (d)(2)(i) and
(d)(2)(ii) of this section, except as specified in paragraph (d)(5) of
this section.
(i) Method 26 or Method 26A of 40 CFR part 60, appendix A, shall be
used to determine the concentration, in Mg per dry scm, of total
hydrogen halides and halogens present in the emissions stream.
(ii) Gas stream volumetric flow rate and/or average flow rate shall
be determined as specified in Sec. 63.488(e).
(3) To determine compliance with the percent reduction specified in
Sec. 63.487(c)(1), the mass emissions for any hydrogen halides and
halogens present at the inlet of the scrubber or other control device
shall be summed together. The mass emissions of any hydrogen halides or
halogens present at the outlet of the scrubber or other control device
shall be summed together. Percent reduction shall be determined by
subtracting the outlet mass emissions from the inlet mass emissions and
then dividing the result by the inlet mass emissions.
(4) To determine compliance with the emission limit specified in
Sec. 63.487(c)(2), the annual mass emissions for any hydrogen halides
and halogens present at the outlet of the control device and prior to
any combustion device shall be summed together and compared to the
emission limit specified in Sec. 63.487(c)(2).
(5) The owner or operator may use any other method to demonstrate
compliance if the method or data has been validated according to the
applicable procedures of Method 301 of appendix A.
(e) Aggregate batch vent stream testing for compliance with
Sec. 63.487(b)(2). Owners or operators of aggregate batch vent streams
complying with Sec. 63.487(b)(2) shall conduct a performance test using
the performance testing procedures for continuous front-end process
vents in Sec. 63.116(c) of subpart G. For the purposes of this subpart,
when the provisions of Sec. 63.116(c) specify that Method 18 shall be
used, Method 18 or Method 25A may be used. The use of Method 25A shall
comply with paragraphs (e)(1) and (e)(2) of this section.
(1) The organic HAP used as the calibration gas for Method 25A
shall be the single organic HAP representing the largest percent by
volume of the emissions.
(2) The use of Method 25A is acceptable if the response from the
high-level calibration gas is at least 20 times the standard deviation
of the response from the zero calibration gas when the instrument is
zeroed on the most sensitive scale.
(f) Batch cycle limitation. The batch cycle limitation required by
Sec. 63.487(f)(1) and Sec. 63.487(g)(1) shall be established as
specified in paragraph (f)(1) of this section and shall include the
elements specified in paragraph (f)(2) of this section.
(1) The batch cycle limitation shall be determined by the owner or
operator such that annual emissions for the batch front-end process
vent remain less than the level specified in Sec. 63.488(d) when
complying with Sec. 63.487(g). Alternatively, when complying with
Sec. 63.487(f), the batch cycle limitation shall ensure that annual
emissions remain at a level such that the batch front-end process vent
remains a Group 2 batch front-end process vent, given the actual annual
flow rate for that batch front-end process vent determined according to
Sec. 63.488(e)(3). The batch cycle limitation shall be determined using
the same basis, as described in Sec. 63.488(a)(1), used to make the
group determination (i.e., expected mix of products or worst-case HAP
emitting product). The establishment of the batch cycle limitation is
not dependent upon any past production or activity level.
(i) If the expected mix of products serves as the basis for the
batch cycle limitation, the batch cycle limitation shall be determined
such that any foreseeable combination of products which the owner or
operator desires the flexibility to manufacture shall be allowed.
Combinations of products not accounted for in the documentation
required by paragraph (f)(2)(iv) of this section shall not be allowed
within the restrictions of the batch cycle limitation.
(ii) If, for a batch front-end process vent with more than one
product, a single worst-case HAP emitting product serves as the basis
for the batch cycle limitation, the batch cycle limitation shall be
determined such that the maximum number of batch cycles the owner or
operator desires the flexibility to accomplish, using the worst-case
[[Page 46947]]
HAP emitting product and ensuring that the batch front-end process vent
remains a Group 2 batch front-end process vent or that emissions remain
less than the level specified in Sec. 63.488(d), shall be allowed. This
value shall be the total number of batch cycles allowed within the
restrictions of the batch cycle limitation regardless of which products
are manufactured.
(2) Documentation supporting the establishment of the batch cycle
limitation shall include the information specified in paragraphs
(f)(2)(i) through (f)(2)(v) of this section, as appropriate.
(i) Identification that the purpose of the batch cycle limitation
is to comply with Sec. 63.487(f)(1) or (g)(1).
(ii) Identification that the batch cycle limitation is based on a
single worst-case HAP emitting product or on the expected mix of
products for the batch front-end process vent as allowed under
Sec. 63.488(a)(1).
(iii) Definition of the operating year, for the purposes of
determining compliance with the batch cycle limitation.
(iv) If the batch cycle limitation is based on a single worst-case
HAP emitting product, documentation specified in Sec. 63.488(a)(1)(ii)
describing how the single product meets the requirements for worst-case
HAP emitting product, as specified in Sec. 63.488(a)(1) and the number
of batch cycles allowed under the batch cycle limitation for each
product associated with the batch front-end process vent are required.
(v) If the batch cycle limitation is based on the expected mix of
products, the owner or operator shall provide documentation that
describes as many scenarios for differing mixes of products (i.e., how
many of each type of product) that the owner or operator desires the
flexibility to accomplish. Alternatively, the owner or operator shall
provide a description of the relationship among the mix of products
that will allow a determination of compliance with the batch cycle
limitation under an infinite number of scenarios. For example, if a
batch process vent has two products, each product has the same flow
rate and emits for the same amount of time, and product No. 1 has twice
the emissions as product No. 2, the relationship describing an infinite
number of scenarios would be that the owner or operator can accomplish
two batch cycles of product No. 2 for each batch cycle of product No. 1
within the restriction of the batch cycle limitation.
Sec. 63.491 Batch front-end process vents--recordkeeping requirements.
(a) Group determination records for batch front-end process vents.
Except as provided in paragraphs (a)(7) through (a)(9) of this section,
each owner or operator of an affected source shall maintain the records
specified in paragraphs (a)(1) through (a)(6) of this section for each
batch front-end process vent subject to the group determination
procedures of Sec. 63.488. Except for paragraph (a)(1) of this section,
the records required to be maintained by this paragraph are limited to
the information developed and used to make the group determination
under Sec. 63.488(b) through Sec. 63.488(g), as appropriate. The
information required by paragraph (a)(1) of this section is required
for all batch front-end process vents subject to the group
determination procedures of Sec. 63.488. If an owner or operator did
not need to develop certain information (e.g., annual average flow
rate) to determine the group status, this paragraph does not require
that additional information be developed.
(1) An identification of each unique product that has emissions
from one or more batch emission episodes venting from the batch front-
end process vent.
(2) A description of, and an emission estimate for, each batch
emission episode, and the total emissions associated with one batch
cycle for each unique product identified in paragraph (a)(1) of this
section that was considered in making the group determination under
Sec. 63.488.
(3) Total annual uncontrolled TOC or organic HAP emissions,
determined at the exit from the batch unit operation before any
emission control, as determined in accordance with Sec. 63.488(b).
(i) For Group 2 batch front-end process vents, emissions shall be
determined at the batch cycle limitation.
(ii) For Group 1 batch front-end process vents, emissions shall be
those used to determine the group status of the batch front-end process
vent.
(4) The annual average flow rate for the batch front-end process
vent as determined in accordance with Sec. 63.488(e).
(5) The cutoff flow rate, determined in accordance with
Sec. 63.488(f).
(6) The results of the batch front-end process vent group
determination, conducted in accordance with Sec. 63.488(g).
(7) If a batch front-end process vent is in compliance with
Sec. 63.487(a) or Sec. 63.487(b), and the control device is operating
at all times when batch emission episodes are venting from the batch
front-end process vent, none of the records in paragraphs (a)(1)
through (a)(6) of this section are required.
(8) If a batch front-end process vent is in compliance with
Sec. 63.487(a) or Sec. 63.487(b), but the control device is operated
only during selected batch emission episodes, only the records in
paragraphs (a)(1) through (a)(3) of this section are required.
(9) If the total annual emissions from the batch front-end process
vent are less than the appropriate level specified in Sec. 63.488(d),
only the records in paragraphs (a)(1) through (a)(3) of this section
are required.
(b) Compliance demonstration records. Each owner or operator of a
batch front-end process vent or aggregate batch vent stream complying
with Sec. 63.487(a) or (b), shall keep the following records, as
applicable, up-to-date and readily accessible:
(1) The annual mass emissions of halogen atoms in the batch front-
end process vent or aggregate batch vent stream determined according to
the procedures specified in Sec. 63.488(h)(2).
(2) If a batch front-end process vent is in compliance with
Sec. 63.487(a)(2), records documenting the batch cycle percent
reduction as specified in Sec. 62.486-4(c)(2).
(3) When using a flare to comply with Sec. 63.487(a)(1):
(i) The flare design (i.e., steam-assisted, air-assisted, or non-
assisted);
(ii) All visible emission readings, heat content determinations,
flow rate measurements, and exit velocity determinations made during
the compliance determination required by Sec. 63.11(b) of subpart A;
and
(iii) All periods during the compliance determination required by
Sec. 63.11(b) of subpart A when the pilot flame is absent.
(4) The following information when using a control device to
achieve compliance with Sec. 63.487(a)(2) or (b)(2):
(i) For an incinerator or non-combustion control device, the
percent reduction of organic HAP or TOC achieved, as determined using
the procedures specified in Sec. 63.490(c) for batch front-end process
vents and Sec. 63.490(e) for aggregate batch vent streams;
(ii) For a boiler or process heater, a description of the location
at which the vent stream is introduced into the boiler or process
heater;
(iii) For a boiler or process heater with a design heat input
capacity of less than 44 megawatts and where the process vent stream is
introduced with combustion air or is used as a secondary fuel and is
not mixed with the primary fuel, the percent reduction of organic HAP
or TOC achieved, as determined
[[Page 46948]]
using the procedures specified in Sec. 63.490(c) for batch front-end
process vents and Sec. 63.490(e) for aggregate batch vent streams; and
(iv) For a scrubber or other control device following a combustion
device to control a halogenated batch front-end process vent or
halogenated aggregate batch vent stream, the percent reduction of total
hydrogen halides and halogens, as determined under Sec. 63.490(d)(3) or
the emission limit determined under Sec. 63.490(d)(4).
(c) Establishment of parameter monitoring level records. For each
parameter monitored according to Sec. 63.489(b) and Table 6 of this
subpart, or for alternate parameters and/or parameters for alternate
control devices monitored according to Sec. 63.492(e) as allowed under
Sec. 63.489(c), maintain documentation showing the establishment of the
level that indicates proper operation of the control device as required
by Sec. 63.489(e) for parameters specified in Sec. 63.489(b) and as
required by Sec. 63.506(f) for alternate parameters. This documentation
shall include the parameter monitoring data used to establish the
level.
(d) Group 2 batch front-end process vent continuous compliance
records. The owner or operator of a Group 2 batch front-end process
vent shall comply with either paragraph (d)(1) or (d)(2) of this
section, as appropriate.
(1) The owner or operator of a Group 2 batch front-end process vent
complying with Sec. 63.487(g) shall keep the following records up-to-
date and readily accessible:
(i) Records designating the established batch cycle limitation
required by Sec. 63.487(g)(1) and specified in Sec. 63.490(f).
(ii) Records specifying the number and type of batch cycles
accomplished.
(2) The owner or operator of a Group 2 batch front-end process vent
complying with Sec. 63.487(f) shall keep the following records up-to-
date and readily accessible:
(i) Records designating the established batch cycle limitation
required by Sec. 63.487(f)(1) and specified in Sec. 63.490(f).
(ii) Records specifying the number and type of batch cycles
accomplished for each three month period.
(e) Controlled batch front-end process vent continuous compliance
records. Each owner or operator of a batch front-end process vent that
uses a control device to comply with Sec. 63.487(a) shall keep the
following records up-to-date and readily accessible:
(1) Continuous records of the equipment operating parameters
specified to be monitored under Sec. 63.489(b) as applicable, and
listed in Table 6 of this subpart, or specified by the Administrator in
accordance with Sec. 63.492(e) as allowed under Sec. 63.489(c). These
records shall be kept as specified under Sec. 63.506(d), except as
specified in paragraphs (e)(1)(i) and (e)(1)(ii) of this section.
(i) For flares, the records specified in Table 6 of this subpart
shall be kept rather than averages.
(ii) For carbon adsorbers, the records specified in Table 6 of this
subpart shall be kept rather than averages.
(2) Records of the batch cycle daily average value of each
continuously monitored parameter, except as provided in paragraphs
(e)(2)(iii) of this section, as calculated using the procedures
specified in paragraphs (e)(2)(i) through (e)(2)(ii) of this section.
(i) The batch cycle daily average shall be calculated as the
average of all parameter values measured during those batch emission
episodes, or portions thereof, in the batch cycle that the owner or
operator has selected to control.
(ii) Monitoring data recorded during periods of monitoring system
breakdowns, repairs, calibration checks, and zero (low-level) and high-
level adjustments shall not be included in computing the batch cycle
daily averages.
(iii) If all recorded values for a monitored parameter during an
operating day are above the minimum or below the maximum level
established in accordance with Sec. 63.489(e), the owner or operator
may record that all values were above the minimum or below the maximum
level established, rather than calculating and recording a batch cycle
daily average for that operating day.
(3) Hourly records of whether the flow indicator for bypass lines
specified under Sec. 63.489(d)(1) was operating and whether flow was
detected at any time during the hour. Also, records of the times and
durations of all periods when the vent is diverted from the control
device, or the flow indicator specified in Sec. 63.489(d)(1) is not
operating.
(4) Where a seal or closure mechanism is used to comply with
Sec. 63.489(d)(2) or where computer monitoring of the position of the
bypass damper or valve is used to comply with Sec. 63.489(d)(3), hourly
records of flow are not required.
(i) For compliance with Sec. 63.489(d)(2), the owner or operator
shall record whether the monthly visual inspection of the seals or
closure mechanism has been done, and shall record the occurrence of all
periods when the seal mechanism is broken, the bypass line valve
position has changed, or the key for a lock-and-key type configuration
has been checked out, and records of any car-seal that has been broken.
(ii) For compliance with Sec. 63.489(d)(3), the owner or operator
shall record the times of all periods when the bypass line valve
position has changed.
(5) Records specifying the times and duration of periods of
monitoring system breakdowns, repairs, calibration checks, and zero
(low-level) and high level adjustments. In addition, records specifying
any other periods of process or control device operation when monitors
are not operating.
(f) Aggregate batch vent stream continuous compliance records. In
addition to the records specified in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this
section, each owner or operator of an aggregate batch vent stream using
a control device to comply with Sec. 63.487(b) shall keep records in
accordance with the requirements for continuous process vents in
Sec. 63.118(a) and Sec. 63.118(b) of subpart G, as applicable and
appropriate, except that when complying with Sec. 63.118(b), owners or
operators shall disregard statements concerning TRE index values for
the purposes of this subpart.
Sec. 63.492 Batch front-end process vents--reporting requirements.
(a) The owner or operator of a batch front-end process vent at an
affected source shall submit the information specified in paragraphs
(a)(1) through (a)(4) of this section, as appropriate, as part of the
Notification of Compliance Status specified in Sec. 63.506(e)(5).
(1) For each batch front-end process vent complying with
Sec. 63.487(a) and each aggregate batch vent stream complying with
Sec. 63.487(b), the information specified in Sec. 63.491(b) and
Sec. 63.491(c), as applicable.
(2) For each Group 2 batch front-end process vent with annual
emissions less than the level specified in Sec. 63.488(d), the
information specified in Sec. 63.491(d)(1)(i).
(3) For each Group 2 batch front-end process vent with annual
emissions greater than or equal to the level specified in
Sec. 63.488(d), the information specified in Sec. 63.491(d)(2)(i).
(4) For each batch process vent subject to the group determination
procedures, the information specified in Sec. 63.491(a), as
appropriate.
(b) Whenever a process change, as defined in Sec. 63.488(i)(1), is
made that causes a Group 2 batch front-end process vent to become a
Group 1 batch front-end process vent, the owner or operator shall
submit a report within 180 operating days after the process
[[Page 46949]]
change is made or the information regarding the process change is known
to the owner or operator. This report may be included in the next
Periodic Report, as specified in Sec. 63.506(e)(6)(iii)(D)(2). The
following information shall be submitted:
(1) A description of the process change; and
(2) A schedule for compliance with the provisions of Sec. 63.487(a)
or Sec. 63.487(b), as appropriate, as required under
Sec. 63.506(e)(6)(iii)(D)(2).
(c) Whenever a process change, as defined in Sec. 63.488(i)(1), is
made that causes a Group 2 batch front-end process vent with annual
emissions less than the level specified in Sec. 63.488(d) that is in
compliance with Sec. 63.487(g) to have annual emissions greater than or
equal to the levels specified in Sec. 63.488(d) but remains a Group 2
batch front-end process vent, the owner or operator shall submit a
report within 180 operating days after the process change is made or
the information regarding the process change is known to the owner or
operator. This report may be included in the next Periodic Report, as
specified in Sec. 63.506(e)(6)(iii)(D)(2). The following information
shall be submitted:
(1) A description of the process change;
(2) The results of the redetermination of the annual emissions,
average flow rate, and cutoff flow rate required under Sec. 63.488(f)
and recorded under Sec. 63.491 (a)(3) through (a)(5); and
(3) The batch cycle limitation determined in accordance with
Sec. 63.487(f)(1).
(d) The owner or operator is not required to submit a report of a
process change if one of the conditions specified in paragraphs (d)(1)
and (d)(2) of this section is met.
(1) The process change does not meet the description of a process
change in Sec. 63.488(i).
(2) The redetermined group status remains Group 2 for an individual
batch front-end process vent with annual emissions greater than or
equal to the level specified in Sec. 63.488(d), or a Group 2 batch
front-end process vent with annual emissions less than the level
specified in Sec. 63.488(d) complying with Sec. 63.487(g) continues to
have emissions less than the level specified in Sec. 63.488(d).
(e) If an owner or operator uses a control device other than those
specified in Sec. 63.489(b) and listed in Table 6 of this subpart or
requests approval to monitor a parameter other than those specified in
Sec. 63.489(c) and listed in Table 6 of this subpart, the owner or
operator shall submit a description of planned reporting and
recordkeeping procedures, as specified in Sec. 63.506(f), as part of
the Precompliance Report as required under Sec. 63.506(e)(3). The
Administrator will specify appropriate reporting and recordkeeping
requirements as part of the review of the Precompliance Report.
(f) Owners or operators complying with Sec. 63.489(d), shall comply
with paragraph (f)(1) or (f)(2) of this section, as appropriate.
(1) Reports of the times of all periods recorded under
Sec. 63.491(e)(3) when the batch front-end process vent is diverted
away from the control device through a bypass line.
(2) Reports of all occurrences recorded under Sec. 63.491(e)(4) in
which the seal mechanism is broken, the bypass line valve position has
changed, or the key to unlock the bypass line valve was checked out.
Sec. 63.493 Back-end process provisions.
Owners and operators of new and existing affected sources shall
comply with the requirements in Sec. 63.494 through Sec. 63.500. Owners
and operators of affected sources that produce only latex products,
liquid rubber products, or products in a gas-phased polymerization
reaction are not subject to the provisions of these sections. Section
63.494 contains residual organic HAP limitations. Compliance with these
residual organic HAP limitations may be achieved by using either
stripping technology, or by using control or recovery devices. If
compliance with these limitations is achieved using stripping
technology, the procedures to determine compliance are specified in
Sec. 63.495. If compliance with these limitations is achieved using
control or recovery devices, the procedures to determine compliance are
specified in Sec. 63.496, and associated monitoring requirements are
specified in Sec. 63.497. Recordkeeping requirements are contained in
Sec. 63.498, and reporting requirements in Sec. 63.499. Section 63.500
contains a limitation on carbon disulfide emissions from affected
sources that produce styrene butadiene rubber using an emulsion
process. Table 8 contains a summary of compliance alternative
requirements for these sections.
Sec. 63.494 Back-end process provisions--residual organic HAP
limitations.
(a) The monthly weighted average residual organic HAP content of
all grades of elastomer processed, measured immediately after the
stripping operation [or the reactor(s) if the plant has no stripper(s)]
is completed, shall not exceed the limits provided in paragraphs (a)(1)
through (a)(4) of this section, as applicable. Owners or operators
shall comply with the requirements of this paragraph using either
stripping technology or control/recovery devices.
(1) For styrene butadiene rubber produced by the emulsion process:
(i) A monthly weighted average of 0.40 kg styrene per megagram (Mg)
latex for existing sources; and
(ii) A monthly weighted average of 0.23 kg styrene per Mg latex for
new sources;
(2) For polybutadiene rubber and styrene butadiene rubber produced
by the solution process:
(i) A monthly weighted average of 10 kg total organic HAP per Mg
crumb rubber (dry weight) for existing sources; and
(ii) A monthly weighted average of 6 kg total organic HAP per Mg
crumb rubber (dry weight) for new sources.
(3) For ethylene-propylene rubber produced by the solution process:
(i) A monthly weighted average of 8 kg total organic HAP per Mg
crumb rubber (dry weight) for existing sources; and
(ii) A monthly weighted average of 5 kg total organic HAP per Mg
crumb rubber (dry weight) for new sources.
(4) There are no back-end process operation residual organic HAP
limitations for neoprene, Hypalon TM, nitrile butadiene rubber,
butyl rubber, halobutyl rubber, epichlorohydrin elastomer, and
polysulfide rubber.
(5) For EPPU that produce both an elastomer product with a residual
organic HAP limitation listed in this section, and a product listed in
paragraphs (a)(5) (i) through (iv) of this section, only the residual
HAP content of the elastomer product with a residual organic HAP
limitation shall be used in determining the monthly average residual
organic HAP content.
(i) Resins;
(ii) Liquid rubber products;
(iii) Latexes from which crumb rubber is not coagulated; or
(iii) Elastomer products listed in paragraph (a)(4) of this
section.
(b) If an owner or operator complies with the residual organic HAP
limitations in paragraph (a) of this section using stripping
technology, compliance shall be demonstrated in accordance with
Sec. 63.495. The owner or operator shall also comply with the
recordkeeping provisions in Sec. 63.498, and the reporting provisions
in Sec. 63.499.
(c) If an owner or operator complies with the residual organic HAP
limitations in paragraph (a) of this section using control or recovery
devices, compliance shall be
[[Page 46950]]
demonstrated using the procedures in Sec. 63.496. The owner or operator
shall also comply with the monitoring provisions in Sec. 63.497, the
recordkeeping provisions in Sec. 63.498, and the reporting provisions
in Sec. 63.499.
Sec. 63.495 Back-end process provisions--procedures to determine
compliance using stripping technology.
(a) If an owner or operator complies with the residual organic HAP
limitations in Sec. 63.494(a) using stripping technology, compliance
shall be demonstrated using the periodic sampling procedures in
paragraph (b) of this section, or using the stripper parameter
monitoring procedures in paragraph (c) of this section. The owner or
operator shall determine the monthly weighted average residual organic
HAP content for each month in which any portion of the back-end of an
elastomer production process is in operation. A single monthly weighted
average shall be determined for all back-end process operations at the
affected source.
(b) If the owner or operator is demonstrating compliance using
periodic sampling, this demonstration shall be in accordance with
paragraphs (b)(1) through (b)(5) of this section,
(1) The location of the sampling shall be in accordance with
paragraph (d) of this section.
(2) The frequency of the sampling shall be in accordance with
paragraphs (b)(2)(i) or (b)(2)(ii) of this section.
(i) If batch stripping is used, at least one representative sample
is to be taken from every batch of elastomer produced, at the location
specified in paragraph (d) of this section, and identified by elastomer
type and by the date and time the batch is completed.
(ii) If continuous stripping is used, at least one representative
sample is to be taken each operating day. The sample is to be taken at
the location specified in paragraph (d) of this section, and identified
by elastomer type and by the date and time the sample was taken.
(3) The residual organic HAP content in each sample is to be
determined using specified methods.
(4) The quantity of material (weight of latex or dry crumb rubber)
represented by each sample shall be recorded. Acceptable methods of
determining this quantity are production records, measurement of stream
characteristics, and engineering calculations.
(5) The monthly weighted average shall be determined using the
equation in paragraph (f) of this section. All samples taken and
analyzed during the month shall be used in the determination of the
monthly weighted average.
(c) If the owner or operator is demonstrating compliance using
stripper parameter monitoring, this demonstration shall be in
accordance with paragraphs (c)(1) through (c)(4) of this section.
(1) The owner or operator shall establish stripper operating
parameter levels for each grade in accordance with Sec. 63.505(e).
(2) The owner or operator shall monitor the stripper operating
parameters at all times the stripper is in operation. Readings of each
parameter shall be made at intervals no greater than 15 minutes.
(3) The residual organic HAP content for each grade shall be
determined in accordance with either paragraph (c)(3)(i) or (c)(3)(ii)
of this section.
(i) If during the processing of a grade in the stripper, all hourly
average parameter values are in accordance with operating parameter
levels established in paragraph (c)(1) of this section, the owner or
operator shall use the residual organic HAP content determined in
accordance with Sec. 63.505(e)(1).
(ii) If during the processing of a grade in the stripper, the
hourly average of any stripper monitoring parameter is not in
accordance with an established operating parameter level, the residual
organic HAP content shall be determined using the procedures in
paragraphs (b)(1) and (b)(3) of this section.
(4) The monthly weighted average shall be determined using the
equation in paragraph (f) of this section.
(d) The location of the sampling shall be in accordance with
paragraph (d)(1) or (d)(2) of this section.
(1) For styrene butadiene rubber produced by the emulsion process,
the sample shall be a sample of the latex taken at the location
specified in either paragraph (d)(1)(i), (d)(1)(ii), or (d)(1)(iii) of
this section.
(i) When the latex is not blended with other materials or latexes,
the sample shall be taken at a location meeting all of the following
criteria:
(A) After the stripping operation,
(B) Prior to entering the coagulation operations, and
(C) Before the addition of carbon black or oil extenders.
(ii) When two or more latexes subject to this subpart are blended,
samples may be taken in accordance with either paragraph (d)(1)(ii) (A)
or (B) of this section, at a location meeting the requirements of
paragraphs (d)(1)(i) (A) through (C) of this section.
(A) Individual samples may be taken of each latex prior to
blending, or
(B) A sample of the blended latex may be taken.
(iii) When a latex subject to this subpart is blended with a latex
or material not subject to this subpart, a sample shall be taken of the
latex prior to blending at a location meeting the requirements of
paragraphs (d)(1)(i) (A) through (C) of this section.
(2) For styrene butadiene rubber produced by the solution process,
polybutadiene rubber produced by the solution process, and ethylene-
propylene rubber produced by the solution process, the sample shall be
a sample of crumb rubber taken as soon as safe and feasible after the
stripping operation, but no later than the entry point for the first
unit operation following the stripper (e.g., the dewatering screen).
(e) Reserved.
(f) The monthly weighted average residual organic HAP content shall
be calculated using Equation 26.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR05SE96.025
where:
HAPCONTavg,wk = Monthly weighted average organic HAP content for
all rubber processed at the affected source, kg organic HAP per Mg
latex or dry crumb rubber.
n = Number of samples in the month.
Ci = Residual organic HAP content of sample i, determined in
accordance with (b)(3) or (c)(3) of this section, kg organic HAP per Mg
latex or dry crumb rubber.
Pi = Weight of latex or dry crumb rubber represented by sample i.
Pwk = Weight of latex or dry crumb rubber (Mg) processed in the
month.
Sec. 63.496 Back-end process provisions--procedures to determine
compliance using control or recovery devices.
(a) If an owner or operator complies with the residual organic HAP
limitations in Sec. 63.494(a) using control or recovery devices,
compliance shall be demonstrated using the procedures in paragraphs (b)
and (c) of this section. Previous test results conducted in accordance
with paragraphs (b)(1) through (b)(6) of this section may be used to
determine compliance in accordance with paragraph (c) of this section.
(b) Compliance shall be demonstrated using the provisions in
paragraphs (b)(1) through (b)(10) of this section, as applicable.
(1) A test shall be conducted, the duration of which shall be in
accordance with either paragraph
[[Page 46951]]
(b)(1)(i) or (b)(1)(ii) of this section, as appropriate.
(i) If the back-end process operations are continuous, the test
shall consist of three separate one hour runs.
(ii) If the back-end process operations are batch, the test shall
consist of three separate one-hour runs, unless the duration of the
batch cycle is less than one-hour, in which case the run length shall
equal the complete duration of the back-end process batch cycle.
(2) The test shall be conducted when the grade of elastomer product
with the highest residual organic HAP content leaving the stripper is
processed in the back-end operations.
(3) The uncontrolled residual organic HAP content in the latex or
dry crumb rubber shall be determined in accordance with
Sec. 63.495(b)(1) and (b)(3). A separate sample shall be taken and
analyzed for each test run. The sample shall be representative of the
material being processed in the back-end operation during the test, and
does not need to be taken during the test.
(4) The quantity of material (weight of latex or dry crumb rubber)
processed during the test run shall be recorded. Acceptable methods of
determining this quantity are production records, measurement of stream
characteristics, and engineering calculations.
(5) The inlet and outlet emissions from the control or recovery
device shall be determined using the procedures in paragraphs (b)(5)(i)
through (b)(5)(v) of this section, with the exceptions noted in
paragraphs (b)(6) and (b)(7) of this section. The inlet and outlet
emissions shall be determined when the material for which the
uncontrolled residual organic HAP content is determined in accordance
with paragraph (b)(3) of this section, is being processed in the
equipment controlled by the control or recovery device.
(i) Method 1 or 1A of 40 CFR part 60, appendix A, as appropriate,
shall be used for selection of the sampling sites. Sampling sites shall
be located at the inlet of the control or recovery device as specified
in paragraphs (b)(5)(i)(A) or (b)(5)(i)(B) of this section, and at the
outlet of the control or recovery device.
(A) The inlet sampling site shall be located at the exit of the
back-end process unit operation before any opportunity for emission to
the atmosphere, and before any control or recovery device.
(B) If back-end process vent streams are combined prior to being
routed to control or recovery devices, the inlet sampling site may be
for the combined stream, as long as there is no opportunity for
emission to the atmosphere from any of the streams prior to being
combined.
(ii) The gas volumetric flow rate shall be determined using Method
2, 2A, 2C, or 2D of 40 CFR part 60, appendix A, as appropriate.
(iii) To determine the inlet and outlet total organic HAP
concentrations, the owner or operator shall use Method 18 or Method 25A
of 40 CFR part 60, appendix A. Alternatively, any other method or data
that has been validated according to the applicable procedures in
Method 301 of appendix A may be used. The minimum sampling time for
each run shall be in accordance with paragraph (b)(1) of this section,
during which either an integrated sample or grab samples shall be
taken. If grab sampling is used, then the samples shall be taken at
approximately equal intervals during the run, with the time between
samples no greater than 15 minutes.
(iv) The mass rate of total organic HAP shall be computed using
Equations 27 and 28.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR05SE96.026
where:
Cij, Coj=Concentration of sample component j of the gas
stream at the inlet and outlet of the control or recovery device,
respectively, dry basis, ppmv.
Ei, Eo=Mass rate of total organic HAP at the inlet and outlet
of the control or recovery device, respectively, dry basis, kg per hour
(kg/hr).
Mij, Moj=Molecular weight of sample component j of the gas
stream at the inlet and outlet of the control or recovery device,
respectively, gm/gm-mole.
Qi, Qo=Flow rate of gas stream at the inlet and outlet of the
control or recovery device, respectively, dry standard m\3\/min.
K2=Constant, 2.494 x 10-6 (ppmv)-1 (gm-mole/scm) (kg/
gm) (min/hr), where standard temperature is 20 deg.C.
(v) Inlet and outlet organic HAP emissions for the run shall be
calculated by multiplying the mass rate total inlet and outlet
emissions determined in accordance with paragraph (b)(5)(iv) of this
section by the duration of the run (in hours).
(6) If a back-end process vent stream is introduced with the
combustion air, or as a secondary fuel into a boiler or process heater
with a design capacity less than 44 megawatts, the inlet and outlet
emissions shall be determined in accordance with paragraphs (b)(6)(i)
through (b)(6)(iv) of this section.
(i) The inlet organic HAP emissions for the back-end process unit
operation shall be determined in accordance with paragraph (b)(5) of
this section.
(ii) The owner or operator shall also measure total organic HAP (or
TOC, minus methane and ethane) emissions in all process vent streams
and primary and secondary fuels introduced into the boiler or process
heater, using the procedures in paragraph (b)(5) of this section, with
the exceptions noted in paragraphs (b)(6)(ii)(A) through (b)(6)(ii)(C)
of this section.
(A) Selection of the location of the inlet sampling sites shall
ensure the measurement of total organic HAP concentrations in all
process vent streams and primary and secondary fuels introduced into
the boiler or process heater.
(B) Paragraph (b)(5)(iii) of this section is applicable, except
that TOC (minus methane and ethane) may be measured instead of total
organic HAP.
(C) The mass rates shall be calculated in accordance with paragraph
(b)(5)(iv) of this section, except that Cj at the inlet and outlet
of the control device shall be the sum of all total organic HAP (or
TOC, minus methane and ethane) concentrations for all process vent
streams and primary and secondary fuels introduced into the boiler or
process heater.
(iii) The control efficiency of the boiler or process heater shall
be calculated using Equation 29.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR05SE96.027
[[Page 46952]]
where:
R=Control efficiency of boiler or process heater, percent.
Einlet=Mass rate of total organic HAP or TOC (minus methane and
ethane) for all process vent streams and primary and secondary fuels at
the inlet to the boiler or process heater, kg organic HAP/hr or kg TOC/
hr.
Eoutlet=Mass rate of total organic HAP or TOC (minus methane and
ethane) for all process vent streams and primary and secondary fuels at
the outlet to the boiler or process heater, kg organic HAP/hr or kg
TOC/hr.
(iv) The outlet total organic HAP emissions associated with the
back-end process unit operation shall be calculated using the equation
in paragraph (b)(8) of this section.
(7) An owner or operator is not required to conduct a source test
to determine the outlet organic HAP emissions if any control device
specified in paragraphs (b)(7)(i) through (b)(7)(v) of this section is
used. For these devices, the inlet emissions associated with the back-
end process unit operation shall be determined in accordance with
paragraph (b)(5) of this section, and the outlet emissions shall be
calculated using the equation in paragraph (b)(8) of this section.
(i) A flare, provided the owner or operator complies with the flare
provisions in Sec. 63.11(b) of subpart A. The compliance determination
required by Sec. 63.6(h) of subpart A shall be conducted using Method
22 of 40 CFR part 60, appendix A, to determine visible emissions.
Compliance determinations are not necessary for flares already deemed
to be in compliance with the flare provisions in Sec. 63.11(b) of
subpart A.
(ii) A boiler or process heater with a design heat input capacity
of 44 megawatts or greater.
(iii) A boiler or process heater into which the process vent stream
is introduced with the primary fuel or is used as the primary fuel.
(iv) A control device for which a performance test was conducted
for determining compliance with an NSPS and the test was conducted
using the same procedures specified in this section and no process
changes have been made since the test.
(v) A boiler or process heater burning hazardous waste for which
the owner or operator:
(A) Has been issued a final permit under 40 CFR part 270 and
complies with the requirements of 40 CFR part 266, subpart H, or
(B) Has certified compliance with the interim status requirements
of 40 CFR part 266, subpart H.
(8) If one of the control devices listed in paragraph (b)(6) or
(b)(7) of this section is used, the outlet emissions shall be
calculated using Equation 30.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR05SE96.028
where:
Eo=Mass rate of total organic HAP at the outlet of the control or
recovery device, respectively, dry basis, kg/hr.
Ei=Mass rate of total organic HAP at the inlet of the control or
recovery device, respectively, dry basis, kg/hr, determined using the
procedures in paragraph (b)(5)(iv) of this section.
R=Control efficiency of control device, as specified in paragraph
(b)(8) (i), (ii), or (iii) of this section.
(i) If a back-end process vent stream is introduced with the
combustion air, or as a secondary fuel into a boiler or process heater
with a design capacity less than 44 megawatts, the control efficiency
of the boiler or process heater shall be determined using the
procedures in paragraph (b)(6)(iii) of this section.
(ii) If a back-end process vent is controlled using a control
device specified in paragraph (b)(7) (i), (ii), (iii), or (v) of this
section, the control device efficiency shall be assumed to be 98
percent.
(iii) If a back-end process vent is controlled using a control
device specified in paragraph (b)(7)(iv) of this section, the control
device efficiency shall be the efficiency determined in the previous
performance test.
(c) Compliance shall be determined using the procedures in this
paragraph.
(1) For each test run, the residual organic HAP content, adjusted
for the control or recovery device emission reduction, shall be
calculated using Equation 31.
Where:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR05SE96.029
HAPCONTrun=Factor, kg organic HAP per kg elastomer (latex or dry
crumb rubber).
C=Total uncontrolled organic HAP content, determined in accordance with
paragraph (b)(3) of this section, kg organic HAP per kg latex or dry
crumb rubber.
P=Weight of latex or dry crumb rubber processed during test run.
Ei,run=Mass rate of total organic HAP at the inlet of the control
or recovery device, respectively, dry basis, kg per test run.
Eo,run=Mass rate of total organic HAP at the outlet of the control
or recovery device, respectively, dry basis, kg per test run.
(2) A facility is in compliance if the average of the organic HAP
contents calculated for all three test runs is below the residual
organic HAP limitations in Sec. 63.494(a).
(d) An owner or operator complying with the residual organic HAP
limitations in Sec. 63.494(a) using a control or recovery device, shall
redetermine the compliance status through the requirements described in
paragraph (b) of this section whenever process changes are made. The
owner or operator shall report the results of the redetermination in
accordance with Sec. 63.499(d). For the purposes of this section, a
process change is any action that would reasonably be expected to
impair the performance of the control or recovery device. For the
purposes of this section, the production of an elastomer with a
residual organic HAP content greater than the residual organic HAP
content of the elastomer used in the compliance demonstration
constitutes a process change, unless the overall effect of the change
is to reduce organic HAP emissions from the source as a whole. Other
examples of process changes may include changes in production capacity
or production rate, or removal or addition of equipment. For the
purposes of this paragraph, process changes do not include: Process
upsets; unintentional, temporary process changes; or changes that
reduce the residual organic HAP content of the elastomer.
Sec. 63.497 Back-end process provisions--monitoring provisions for
control and recovery devices.
(a) An owner or operator complying with the residual organic HAP
limitations in Sec. 63.494(a) using control
[[Page 46953]]
or recovery devices, or a combination of stripper technology and
control or recovery devices, shall install the monitoring equipment
specified in paragraphs (a)(1) through (a)(6) of this section, as
appropriate.
(1) Where an incinerator is used, a temperature monitoring device
equipped with a continuous recorder is required.
(i) Where an incinerator other than a catalytic incinerator is
used, the temperature monitoring device shall be installed in the
firebox or in the ductwork immediately downstream of the firebox in a
position before any substantial heat exchange occurs.
(ii) Where a catalytic incinerator is used, the temperature
monitoring devices shall be installed in the gas stream immediately
before and after the catalyst bed.
(2) Where a flare is used, a device (including, but not limited to,
a thermocouple, ultra-violet beam sensor, or infrared sensor) capable
of continuously detecting the presence of a pilot flame is required.
(3) Where a boiler or process heater of less than 44 megawatts
design heat input capacity is used, a temperature monitoring device in
the firebox equipped with a continuous recorder is required. Any boiler
or process heater in which all vent streams are introduced with primary
fuel or are used as the primary fuel is exempt from this requirement.
(4) For an absorber, a scrubbing liquid temperature monitoring
device and a specific gravity monitoring device are required, each
equipped with a continuous recorder.
(5) For a condenser, a condenser exit (product side) temperature
monitoring device equipped with a continuous recorder is required.
(6) For a carbon adsorber, an integrating regeneration stream flow
monitoring device having an accuracy of at least plus-minus10
percent, capable of recording the total regeneration stream flow for
each regeneration cycle; and a carbon bed temperature monitoring
device, capable of recording the carbon bed temperature after each
regeneration and within 15 minutes of completing any cooling cycle are
required.
(b) An owner or operator may request approval to monitor parameters
other than those required by paragraph (a) of this section. The request
shall be submitted according to the procedures specified in
Sec. 63.506(f) or (g). Approval shall be requested if the owner or
operator:
(1) Uses a control or recovery device other than those listed in
paragraph (a) of this section; or
(2) Uses one of the control or recovery devices listed in paragraph
(a) of this section, but seeks to monitor a parameter other than those
specified in paragraph (a) of this section.
(c) The owner or operator shall establish a level, defined as
either a maximum or minimum operating parameter, that indicates proper
operation of the control or recovery device for each parameter
monitored under paragraphs (a)(1) through (a)(6) of this section. This
level is determined in accordance with Sec. 63.505. The established
level, along with supporting documentation, shall be submitted in the
Notification of Compliance Status or the operating permit application,
as required in Sec. 63.506 (e)(5) or (e)(8), respectively. The owner or
operator shall operate control and recovery devices above or below the
established level, as required, to ensure continued compliance with the
standard.
(d) The owner or operator of a controlled back-end process vent
using a vent system that contains bypass lines that could divert a vent
stream away from the control or recovery device used to comply with
Sec. 63.494(a) shall comply with paragraph (d)(1), (d)(2), or (d)(3) of
this section. Equipment such as low leg drains, high point bleeds,
analyzer vents, open-ended valves or lines, and pressure relief valves
needed for safety purposes are not subject to this paragraph.
(1) Properly install, maintain, and operate a flow indicator that
takes a reading at least once every 15 minutes. Records shall be
generated as specified in Sec. 63.498(d)(5)(iii). The flow indicator
shall be installed at the entrance to any bypass line that could divert
the vent stream away from the control device to the atmosphere; or
(2) Secure the bypass line valve in the non-diverting position with
a car-seal or a lock-and-key type configuration. A visual inspection of
the seal or closure mechanism shall be performed at least once every
month to ensure that the valve is maintained in the non-diverting
position and the vent stream is not diverted through the bypass line.
(3) Continuously monitor the bypass line damper or valve position
using computer monitoring and record any periods when the position of
the bypass line valve has changes as specified in
Sec. 63.498(d)(5)(iv).
Sec. 63.498 Back-end process provisions--recordkeeping.
(a) Each owner or operator shall maintain the records specified in
paragraphs (a)(1) through (a)(3) of this section for each back-end
process operation at an affected source.
(1) The type of elastomer product processed in the back-end
operation.
(2) The type of process (solution process, emulsion process, etc.)
(3) If the back-end process operation is subject to an emission
limitation in Sec. 63.494(a), whether compliance will be achieved by
stripping technology, or by control or recovery devices.
(b) Each owner or operator of a back-end process operation using
stripping technology to comply with an emission limitation in
Sec. 63.494(a), and demonstrating compliance using the periodic
sampling procedures in Sec. 63.495(b), shall maintain the records
specified in paragraph (b)(1), and in paragraph (b)(2) or (b)(3) of
this section, as appropriate.
(1) Records associated with each sample taken in accordance with
Sec. 63.495(b). These records shall include the following for each
sample:
(i) Elastomer type,
(ii) The date and time the sample was collected,
(iii) The corresponding quantity of elastomer processed over the
time period represented by the sample. Acceptable methods of
determining this quantity are production records, measurement of stream
characteristics, and engineering calculations.
(A) For emulsion processes, this quantity shall be the weight of
the latex leaving the stripper.
(B) For solution processes, this quantity shall be the crumb rubber
dry weight of the rubber leaving the stripper.
(iv) The organic HAP content of each sample.
(2) The monthly weighted average organic HAP content, calculated in
accordance with Sec. 63.495(f).
(3) If the organic HAP contents for all samples analyzed during a
month are below the appropriate level in Sec. 63.494(a), the owner or
operator may record that all samples were in accordance with the
residual organic HAP limitations in Sec. 63.494(a), rather than
calculating and recording a monthly weighted average.
(c) Each owner or operator of a back-end process operation using
stripping technology to comply with an emission limitation in
Sec. 63.494(a), and demonstrating compliance using the stripper
parameter monitoring procedures in Sec. 63.495(c), shall maintain the
records specified in paragraphs (c)(1) through (c)(3) of this section.
(1) Records associated with the initial, and subsequent,
determinations of the organic HAP content of each grade of elastomer
produced. These records shall include the following:
[[Page 46954]]
(i) An identification of the elastomer type and grade;
(ii) The results of the residual organic HAP analyses, conducted in
accordance with Sec. 63.505(e)(1);
(iii) The stripper monitoring parameters required to be established
in Sec. 63.495(c)(1).
(iv) If re-determinations are made of the organic HAP content, and
re-establishment of the stripper monitoring parameters, records of the
initial determination are no longer required to be maintained.
(2) Records associated with each grade or batch. These records
shall include the following for each grade or batch:
(i) Elastomer type and grade;
(ii) The quantity of elastomer processed;
(A) For emulsion processes, this quantity shall be the weight of
the latex leaving the stripper.
(B) For solution processes, this quantity shall be the crumb rubber
dry weight of the crumb rubber leaving the stripper.
(iii) The hourly average of all stripper parameter results;
(iv) If one or more hourly average stripper monitoring parameters
is not in accordance with the established levels, the results of the
residual organic HAP analysis.
(3) The monthly weighted average organic HAP content, calculated in
accordance with Sec. 63.495(f).
(d) Each owner or operator of a back-end process operation using
control or recovery devices to comply with an organic HAP emission
limitation in Sec. 63.494(a) shall maintain the records specified in
paragraphs (d)(1) through (d)(5) of this section.
(1) Results of the testing required by Sec. 63.496(b). These
results shall include the following, for each of the three required
test runs:
(i) The uncontrolled residual organic HAP content in the latex or
dry crumb rubber, as required to be determined by Sec. 63.496(b)(3),
including the test results of the analysis;
(ii) The total quantity of material (weight of latex or dry crumb
rubber) processed during the test run, recorded in accordance with
Sec. 63.496(b)(4),
(iii) The organic HAP emissions at the inlet and outlet of the
control or recovery device, determined in accordance with Sec. 63.496
(b)(5) through (b)(8), including all test results and calculations,
(iv) The residual organic HAP content, adjusted for the control or
recovery device emission reduction, determined in accordance with
Sec. 63.496(c)(1).
(2) The operating parameter level established in accordance with
Sec. 63.497(c), along with supporting documentation.
(3) The following information when using a flare:
(i) The flare design (i.e., steam-assisted, air-assisted, or non-
assisted);
(ii) All visible emission readings, heat content determinations,
flow rate measurements, and exit velocity determinations made during
the compliance determination; and
(iii) All periods during the compliance determination when the
pilot flame is absent.
(4) When using a boiler or process heater, a description of the
location at which the vent stream is introduced into the boiler or
process heater.
(5) Each owner or operator using a control or recovery device shall
keep the following records up-to-date and readily accessible:
(i) Continuous records of the equipment operating parameters
specified to be monitored under Sec. 63.497(a) or specified by the
Administrator in accordance with Sec. 63.497(b). For flares, the hourly
records and records of pilot flame outages shall be maintained in place
of continuous records.
(ii) Records of the daily average value of each continuously
monitored parameter for each operating day, except as provided in
paragraphs (d)(5)(ii)(D) and (d)(5)(ii)(E) of this section.
(A) The daily average shall be calculated as the average of all
values for a monitored parameter recorded during the operating day,
except as provided in paragraph (d)(5)(ii)(B) of this section. The
average shall cover a 24-hour period if operation is continuous, or the
number of hours of operation per operating day if operation is not
continuous.
(B) Monitoring data recorded during periods of monitoring system
breakdowns, repairs, calibration checks, and zero (low-level) and high-
level adjustments shall not be included in computing the hourly or
daily averages. Records shall be kept of the times and durations of all
such periods and any other periods of process or control device
operation when monitors are not operating.
(C) The operating day shall be the period defined in the operating
permit or the Notification of Compliance Status in Sec. 63.506(e)(8) or
(e)(5). It may be from midnight to midnight or another 24-hour period.
(D) If all recorded values for a monitored parameter during an
operating day are below the maximum, or above the minimum, level
established in the Notification of Compliance Status in
Sec. 63.506(e)(5) or in the operating permit, the owner or operator may
record that all values were below the maximum or above the minimum
level, rather than calculating and recording a daily average for that
operating day.
(E) For flares, records of the times and duration of all periods
during which the pilot flame is absent shall be kept rather than daily
averages. The records specified in this paragraph are not required
during periods when emissions are not routed to the flare, or during
startups, shutdowns, or malfunctions when the owner or operator
complies with the applicable requirements of subpart A of this part, as
directed by Sec. 63.506(b)(1).
(iii) Hourly records of whether the flow indicator specified under
Sec. 63.497(d)(1) was operating and whether a diversion was detected at
any time during the hour, as well as records of the times of all
periods when the vent stream is diverted from the control device or the
flow indicator is not operating.
(iv) Where a seal mechanism is used to comply with
Sec. 63.497(d)(2), or where computer monitoring of the position of the
bypass damper or valve is used to comply with Sec. 63.497(d)(3), hourly
records of flow are not required.
(A) For compliance with Sec. 63.497(d)(2), the owner or operator
shall record whether the monthly visual inspection of the seals or
closure mechanisms has been done, and shall record instances when the
seal mechanism is broken, the bypass line valve position has changed,
or the key for a lock-and-key type configuration has been checked out,
and records of any car-seal that has broken.
(B) For compliance with Sec. 63.497(d)(3), the owner or operator
shall record the times of all periods when the bypass line damper or
valve position has changed.
Sec. 63.499 Back-end process provisions--reporting.
(a) The owner or operator of an affected source with back-end
process operations shall submit the information required in
Sec. 63.498(a) as part of the Notification of Compliance Status
specified in Sec. 63.506(e)(5).
(b) Each owner or operator of a back-end process operation using
stripping to comply with an emission limitation in Sec. 63.494(a), and
demonstrating compliance by stripper parameter monitoring, shall submit
reports as specified in paragraphs (b)(1) and (b)(2) of this section.
(1) As part of the Notification of Compliance Status specified in
[[Page 46955]]
Sec. 63.506(e)(5), the owner or operator shall submit the information
specified in Sec. 63.498(c)(1).
(2) For organic HAP content/stripping monitoring parameter re-
determinations, and the addition of new grades, the information
specified in Sec. 63.498(c)(1) shall be submitted in the next periodic
report specified in Sec. 63.506(e)(6).
(c) Each owner or operator of a back-end process operation control
or recovery devices that must comply with an emission limitation in
Sec. 63.494(a) shall submit the information specified in paragraphs
(c)(1) through (c)(3) of this section as part of the Notification of
Compliance Status specified in Sec. 63.506(e)(5).
(1) The residual organic HAP content, adjusted for the control or
recovery device emission reduction, determined in accordance with
Sec. 63.496(c)(1), for each test run in the compliance determination.
(2) The operating parameter level established in accordance with
Sec. 63.497(c), along with supporting documentation.
(3) The information specified in Sec. 63.498(d)(3) regarding flares
and Sec. 63.498(d)(4) regarding boilers and process heaters, if
applicable.
(d) Whenever a process change, as defined in Sec. 63.496(d), is
made that causes the redetermination of the compliance status for the
back-end process operations, the owner or operator shall submit a
report within 180 calendar days after the process change as specified
in Sec. 63.506(e)(7)(iii). The report shall include:
(1) A description of the process change;
(2) The results of the redetermination of the compliance status,
determined in accordance with Sec. 63.496(b), and recorded in
accordance with Sec. 63.498(d)(1), and
(3) Documentation of the re-establishment of a parameter level for
the control or recovery device, defined as either a maximum or minimum
operating parameter, that indicates proper operation of the control or
recovery device, in accordance with Sec. 63.497(c) and recorded in
accordance with Sec. 63.498(d)(2).
(e) If an owner or operator uses a control or recovery device other
than those listed in Sec. 63.497(a) or requests approval to monitor a
parameter other than those specified in Sec. 63.497(a), the owner or
operator shall submit a description of planned reporting and
recordkeeping procedures as required under Sec. 63.506(e)(3) or (e)(8).
The Administrator will specify appropriate reporting and recordkeeping
requirements as part of the review of the Precompliance Report or
Operating Permit application.
Sec. 63.500 Back-end process provisions--carbon disulfide limitations
for styrene butadiene rubber by emulsion processes.
(a) Owners or operators of sources subject to this subpart
producing styrene butadiene rubber using an emulsion process shall
operate the process such that the carbon disulfide concentration in
each crumb dryer exhausts shall not exceed 45 ppmv.
(1) The owner or operator shall develop standard operating
procedures for the addition of sulfur containing shortstop agents to
ensure that the limitation in paragraph (a) of this section is
maintained. There shall be a standard operating procedure representing
the production of every grade of styrene butadiene rubber produced at
the affected source using a sulfur containing shortstop agent.
(2) A validation of each standard operating procedure shall be
conducted in accordance with paragraph (c) of this section, except as
provided in paragraph (b) of this section, to demonstrate compliance
with the limitation in paragraph (a) of this section.
(3) The owner or operator shall operate the process in accordance
with a validated standard operating procedure at all times when styrene
butadiene rubber is being produced using a sulfur containing shortstop
agent. If a standard operating procedure is changed, it must be re-
validated.
(4) Records specified in paragraph (d) of this section shall be
maintained.
(5) Reports shall be submitted in accordance with paragraph (e) of
this section.
(b) Crumb dryers that are vented to a combustion device are not
subject to the provisions in this section.
(c) The owner or operator shall validate each standard operating
procedure to determine compliance with the limitation in paragraph (a)
of this section using the testing procedures in paragraph (c)(1) of
this section or engineering assessment, as described in paragraph
(c)(2) of this section.
(1) The owner or operator shall conduct a performance test using
the procedures in paragraphs (c)(1)(i) through (c)(1)(iii) of this
section to demonstrate compliance with the carbon disulfide
concentration limitation in paragraph (a) of this section. One test
shall be conducted for each standard operating procedure.
(i) Method 1 or 1A of 40 CFR part 60, appendix A, as required,
shall be used for selection of the sampling sites.
(ii) The gas volumetric flow rate shall be determined using Method
2, 2A, 2C, or 2D of 40 CFR part 60, appendix A, as required.
(iii) To determine compliance with the carbon disulfide
concentration limit in paragraph (a) of this section, the owner or
operator shall use Method 18 or Method 25A of 40 CFR part 60, appendix
A, to measure carbon disulfide. Alternatively, any other method or data
that has been validated according to the applicable procedures in
Method 301 of appendix A of this part may be used. The following
procedures shall be used to calculate carbon disulfide concentration:
(A) The minimum sampling time for each run shall be 1 hour, in
which either an integrated sample or a minimum of four grab samples
shall be taken. If grab sampling is used, then the samples shall be
taken at approximately equal intervals in time, such as 15 minute
intervals during the run.
(B) The concentration of carbon disulfide shall be calculated using
Equation 32.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR05SE96.030
where:
CCS2=Concentration of carbon disulfide, dry basis, ppmv.
CCS2i=Concentration of carbon disulfide of sample i, dry basis,
ppmv.
n=Number of samples in the sample run.
(2) The owner or operator shall use engineering assessment to
demonstrate compliance with the carbon disulfide concentration
limitation in paragraph (a) of this section. Engineering assessment
includes, but is not limited to, the following:
(i) Previous test results, provided the tests are representative of
current operating practices at the process unit.
(ii) Bench-scale or pilot-scale test data representative of the
process under representative operating conditions.
(iii) Flow rate and/or carbon disulfide emission rate specified or
implied within an applicable permit limit.
(iv) Design analysis based on accepted chemical engineering
principles, measurable process parameters, or physical or chemical laws
or properties. Examples of analytical methods include, but are not
limited to:
(A) Use of material balances,
(B) Estimation of flow rate based on physical equipment design such
as pump or blower capacities, and
(C) Estimation of carbon disulfide concentrations based on
saturation conditions.
[[Page 46956]]
(v) All data, assumptions, and procedures used in the engineering
assessment shall be documented.
(d) Owners and operators of sources subject to this section shall
maintain the records specified in paragraphs (d)(1) and (d)(2) of this
section.
(1) Documentation of the results of the testing required by
paragraph (c) of this section.
(2) A description of the standard operating procedure used during
the testing. This description shall include, at a minimum, an
identification of the sulfur containing shortstop added to the styrene
butadiene rubber prior to the dryers, an identification of the point
and time in the process where the sulfur containing shortstop is added,
and an identification of the amount of sulfur containing shortstop
added per unit of latex.
(e) Owners and operators shall submit the reports as specified in
paragraphs (e)(1) and (e)(2) of this section.
(1) As part of the Notification of Compliance Status specified in
Sec. 63.506(e)(5), documentation of the results of the testing required
by paragraph (c) of this section.
(2) If changes are made in the standard operating procedure used
during the compliance test and recorded in accordance with paragraph
(d)(2) of this section, and if those changes have the potential for
increasing the concentration of carbon disulfide in the crumb dryer
exhaust to above the 45 ppmv limit, the owner or operator shall:
(i) Redetermine compliance using the test procedures in paragraph
(c) of this section, and
(ii) Submit documentation of the testing results in the next
periodic report required by Sec. 63.506(e)(6).
Sec. 63.501 Wastewater provisions.
(a) For each process wastewater stream originating at an affected
source, except those wastewater streams exempted by paragraph (c) of
this section, the owner or operator shall comply with the requirements
of Secs. 63.131 through 63.148 of subpart G, with the differences noted
in paragraphs (a)(1) through (a)(11) of this section, for the purposes
of this subpart.
(1) When the determination of equivalence criteria in
Sec. 63.102(b) of subpart F is referred to in Secs. 63.132, 63.133, and
63.137 of subpart G, the provisions in Sec. 63.6(g) of subpart A shall
apply for the purposes of this subpart.
(2) When the storage tank requirements contained in Secs. 63.119
through 63.123 of subpart G are referred to in Secs. 63.132 through
63.148 of subpart G, Secs. 63.119 through 63.123 of subpart G are
applicable, with the exception of the differences referred to in
Sec. 63.484, for the purposes of this subpart.
(3) When the Implementation Plan requirements contained in
Sec. 63.151 in subpart G are referred to in Sec. 63.146 of subpart G,
the owner or operator of an affected source subject to this subpart
need not comply.
(4) When the Initial Notification Plan requirements in
Sec. 63.151(b) of subpart G are referred to in Sec. 63.146 of subpart
G, the owner or operator of an affected source subject to this subpart
need not comply.
(5) When the owner or operator requests to use alternatives to the
continuous operating parameter monitoring and recordkeeping provisions
referred to in Sec. 63.151(g) of subpart G, or the owner or operator
submits an operating permit application instead of an Implementation
Plan as specified in Sec. 63.152(e) of subpart G, as referred to in
Sec. 63.146(a)(3) of subpart G, Sec. 63.506(f) and Sec. 63.506(e)(8),
respectively, shall apply for the purposes of this subpart.
(6) When the Notification of Compliance Status requirements
contained in Sec. 63.152(b) of subpart G are referred to in
Secs. 63.146 and 63.147 of subpart G, the Notification of Compliance
Status requirements contained in Sec. 63.506(e)(5) shall apply for the
purposes of this subpart.
(7) When the Periodic Report requirements contained in
Sec. 63.152(c) of subpart G are referred to in Secs. 63.146 and 63.147
of subpart G, the Periodic Report requirements contained in
Sec. 63.506(e)(6) shall apply for the purposes of this subpart.
(8) When the term ``range'' is used in Sec. 63.143(f) of subpart G,
the term ``level'' shall be used instead, for the purposes of this
subpart. This level shall be determined using the procedures specified
in Sec. 63.505.
(9) For the purposes of this subpart, owners or operators are not
required to comply with the provisions of Sec. 63.138(e)(2) of subpart
G which specify that owners or operators shall demonstrate that 95
percent of the mass of HAP, as listed in Table 9 of subpart G, is
removed from the wastewater stream or combination of wastewater streams
by the procedure specified in Sec. 63.145(i) of subpart G for a
biological treatment unit.
(10) For the purposes of this subpart, owners or operators are not
required to comply with the provisions of Sec. 63.138(j)(3) of subpart
G which specify that owners or operators shall use the procedures
specified in Appendix C of subpart G to demonstrate compliance when
using a biological treatment unit.
(11) When the provisions of Sec. 63.139(c)(1)(ii) of subpart G or
the provisions of Sec. 63.145(e)(2)(ii)(B) specify that Method 18 shall
be used, Method 18 or Method 25A may be used for the purposes of this
subpart. The use of Method 25A shall comply with paragraphs (a)(11)(i)
and (a)(11)(ii) of this section.
(i) The organic HAP used as the calibration gas for Method 25A
shall be the single organic HAP representing the largest percent by
volume of the emissions.
(ii) The use of Method 25A is acceptable if the response from the
high-level calibration gas is at least 20 times the standard deviation
of the response from the zero calibration gas when the instrument is
zeroed on the most sensitive scale.
(b) Except for those streams exempted by paragraph (c) of this
section, the owner or operator of each affected source shall comply
with the requirements for maintenance wastewater in Sec. 63.105 of
subpart F, except that when Sec. 63.105(a) refers to ``organic HAPs,''
the definition of organic HAP in Sec. 63.482 shall apply for the
purposes of this subpart.
(c) The following wastewater streams are exempt from the
requirements of paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section:
(1) Back-end wastewater streams originating from equipment that
only produces latex products.
(2) Back-end wastewater streams at affected sources that are
subject to a residual organic HAP limitation in Sec. 63.494(a), and
that are complying with these limitations through the use of stripping
technology.
(d) The compliance date for the affected source subject to the
provisions of this section is specified in Sec. 63.481.
Sec. 63.502 Equipment leak provisions.
(a) The owner or operator of each affected source, shall comply
with the requirements of subpart H of this part for all equipment in
organic HAP service, with the exception noted in paragraphs (b) through
(h) of this section.
(b) Surge control vessels and bottoms receivers described in
paragraphs (b)(1) through (b)(6) of this section are exempt from the
requirements contained in Sec. 63.170 of subpart H.
(1) Surge control vessels and bottoms receivers containing styrene-
butadiene latex;
(2) Surge control vessels and bottoms receivers containing other
latex products and located downstream of the stripping operations;
[[Page 46957]]
(3) Surge control vessels and bottoms receivers containing high
conversion latex products;
(4) Surge control vessels and bottoms receivers located downstream
of the stripping operations at affected sources subject to the back-end
residual organic HAP limitation located in Sec. 63.494, that are
complying through the use of stripping technology, as specified in
Sec. 63.495;
(5) Surge control vessels and bottoms receivers containing styrene;
(6) Surge control vessels and bottoms receivers containing
acrylamide; and
(7) Surge control vessels and bottoms receivers containing
epichlorohydrin.
(c) The compliance date for the equipment leak provisions in this
section is provided in Sec. 63.481.
(d) For an affected source producing polybutadiene rubber and
styrene butadiene rubber by solution, the indications of liquids
dripping, as defined in subpart H of this part, from bleed ports in
pumps and agitator seals in light liquid service, shall not be
considered a leak. For the purposes of this subpart, a ``bleed port''
is a technologically-required feature of the pump or seal whereby
polymer fluid used to provide lubrication and/or cooling of the pump or
agitator shaft exits the pump, thereby resulting in a visible dripping
of fluid.
(e) Affected sources subject to subpart I of this part shall
continue to comply with subpart I until the compliance date specified
in Sec. 63.481. After the compliance date for this section, the source
shall be subject to subpart H of this part and shall no longer be
subject to subpart I.
(f) The owner or operator of each affected source shall comply with
the requirements of Sec. 63.104 of subpart F for heat exchange systems.
(g) Owners and operators of an affected source subject to this
subpart are not required to submit the Initial Notification required by
Sec. 63.182(a)(1) and Sec. 63.182(b) of subpart H.
(h) The Notification of Compliance Status required by
Sec. 63.182(a)(2) and Sec. 63.182(c) of subpart H shall be submitted
within 150 days (rather than 90 days) of the applicable compliance date
specified in Sec. 63.481 for the equipment leak provisions. The
notification can be submitted as part of the Notification of Compliance
Status required by Sec. 63.506(e)(5).
(i) The Periodic Reports required by Sec. 63.182(a)(3) and
Sec. 63.182(d) of subpart H shall be submitted as part of the Periodic
Reports required by Sec. 63.506(e)(6).
Sec. 63.503 Emissions averaging provisions.
(a) This section applies to owners or operators of existing
affected sources who seek to comply with Sec. 63.483(b) by using
emissions averaging rather than following the provisions of
Secs. 63.484, 63.485, 63.486, 63.494, and 64.488.
(1) The following emission point limitations apply to the use of
these provisions:
(i) All emission points included in an emissions average shall be
from the same affected source. There may be an emissions average for
each individual affected source located at a plant site.
(ii)(A) If a plant site has only one affected source for which
emissions averaging is being used to demonstrate compliance, the number
of emission points allowed to be included in the emission average is
limited to twenty. This number may be increased by up to five
additional points if pollution prevention measures are used to control
five or more of the emission points included in the emissions average.
(B) If a plant site has two or more affected sources for which
emissions averaging is being used to demonstrate compliance, the number
of emission points allowed in the emissions average for those affected
sources is limited to twenty. This number may be increased by up to
five additional emission points if pollution prevention measures are
used to control five or more of the emission points included in the
emissions averages.
(2) Compliance with the provisions of this section can be based on
either organic HAP or TOC.
(3) For the purposes of these provisions, whenever Method 18 is
specified within the paragraphs of this section or is specified by
reference through provisions outside this section, Method 18 or Method
25A may be used. The use of Method 25A shall comply with paragraphs
(a)(3)(i) and (a)(3)(ii) of this section.
(i) The organic HAP used as the calibration gas for Method 25A
shall be the single organic HAP representing the largest percent by
volume of the emissions.
(ii) The use of Method 25A is acceptable if the response from the
high-level calibration gas is at least 20 times the standard deviation
of the response from the zero calibration gas when the instrument is
zeroed on the most sensitive scale.
(b) Unless an operating permit application has been submitted, the
owner or operator shall develop and submit for approval an Emissions
Averaging Plan containing all of the information required in
Sec. 63.506(e)(4) for all emission points to be included in an
emissions average.
(c) Paragraphs (c)(1) through (c)(4) of this section describe the
emission points that can be used to generate emissions averaging
credits if control was applied after November 15, 1990 and if
sufficient information is available to determine the appropriate value
of credits for the emission point. Paragraph (c)(5) of this section
discusses the use of pollution prevention in generating emissions
averaging credits.
(1) Storage vessels, batch front-end process vents, aggregate batch
vent streams, continuous front-end process vents, and process
wastewater streams that are determined to be Group 2 emission points.
(2) Storage vessels, continuous front-end process vents, and
process wastewater steams that are determined to be Group 1 emission
points and that are controlled by a technology that the Administrator
or permitting authority agrees has a higher nominal efficiency than the
reference control technology. Information on the nominal efficiencies
for such technologies must be submitted and approved as provided in
paragraph (i) of this section.
(3) Batch front-end process vents and aggregate batch vent streams
that are determined to be Group 1 emission points and that are
controlled to a level more stringent than the applicable standard.
(4) Back-end process operations that are controlled such that
organic HAP emissions from the back-end process operation are less than
would be achieved by meeting the residual organic HAP limits in
Sec. 63.494. For the purposes of the emission averaging provisions in
this section, all back-end process operations at an affected facility
shall be considered a single emission point.
(5) The percent reduction for any storage vessel, batch front-end
process vent, aggregate batch vent stream, continuous front-end process
vent, and process wastewater stream shall be determined using the
procedures specified in paragraph (j) of this section.
(i) For a Group 1 storage vessel, batch front-end process vent,
aggregate batch vent stream, continuous front-end process vent, or
process wastewater stream, the pollution prevention measure must reduce
emissions more than if the reference control technology or standard had
been applied to the emission point instead of the pollution prevention
measure, except as provided in paragraph (c)(5)(ii) of this section.
(ii) If a pollution prevention measure is used in conjunction with
other controls for a Group 1 storage vessel,
[[Page 46958]]
batch front-end process vent, aggregate batch vent stream, continuous
front-end process vent, or process wastewater stream, the pollution
prevention measure alone does not have to reduce emissions more than
the reference control technology or standard, but the combination of
the pollution prevention measure and other controls must reduce
emissions more than if the applicable reference control technology or
standard had been applied instead of the pollution prevention measure.
(d) The following emission points cannot be used to generate
emissions averaging credits:
(1) Emission points already controlled on or before November 15,
1990 cannot be used to generate credits unless the level of control was
increased after November 15, 1990. In this case, credit will be allowed
only for the increase in control after November 15, 1990.
(2) Group 1 emission points, identified in paragraph (c)(2) of this
section, that are controlled by a reference control technology cannot
be used to generate credits unless the reference control technology has
been approved for use in a different manner and a higher nominal
efficiency has been assigned according to the procedures in paragraph
(i) of this section.
(3) Emission points on nonoperating EPPU cannot be used to generate
credits. EPPU that are shutdown cannot be used to generate credits or
debits.
(4) Maintenance wastewater cannot be used to generate credits.
Wastewater streams treated in biological treatment units cannot be used
to generate credits. These two types of wastewater cannot be used to
generate credits or debits. For the purposes of this section, the terms
wastewater and wastewater stream are used to mean process wastewater.
(5) Emission points controlled to comply with a State or Federal
rule other than this subpart cannot be used to generate credits, unless
the level of control has been increased after November 15, 1990 to a
level above what is required by the other State or Federal rule. Only
the control above what is required by the other State or Federal rule
will be credited. However, if an emission point has been used to
generate emissions averaging credit in an approved emissions average,
and the emission point is subsequently made subject to a State or
Federal rule other than this subpart, the emission point can continue
to generate emissions averaging credit for the purpose of complying
with the previously approved emissions average.
(e) For all emission points included in an emissions average, the
owner or operator shall perform the following tasks:
(1) Calculate and record monthly debits for all Group 1 emission
points that are controlled to a level less stringent than the reference
control technology or standard for those emission points. The Group 1
emission points are identified in paragraphs (c)(2) through (c)(4) of
this section. Equations in paragraph (g) of this section shall be used
to calculate debits.
(2) Calculate and record monthly credits for all Group 1 and Group
2 emission points that are overcontrolled to compensate for the debits.
Equations in paragraph (h) of this section shall be used to calculate
credits. Emission points and controls that meet the criteria of
paragraph (c) of this section may be included in the credit
calculation, whereas those described in paragraph (d) of this section
shall not be included.
(3) Demonstrate that annual credits calculated according to
paragraph (h) of this section are greater than or equal to debits
calculated for the same annual compliance period according to paragraph
(g) of this section.
(i) The owner or operator may choose to include more than the
required number of credit-generating emission points in an emissions
average in order to increase the likelihood of being in compliance.
(ii) The initial demonstration in the Emissions Averaging Plan or
operating permit application that credit-generating emission points
will be capable of generating sufficient credits to offset the debits
from the debit-generating emission points must be made under
representative operating conditions. After the compliance date, actual
operating data will be used for all debit and credit calculations.
(4) Demonstrate that debits calculated for a quarterly (3-month)
period according to paragraph (g) of this section are not more than
1.30 times the credits for the same period calculated according to
paragraph (h) of this section. Compliance for the quarter shall be
determined based on the ratio of credits and debits from that quarter,
with 30 percent more debits than credits allowed on a quarterly basis.
(5) Record and report quarterly and annual credits and debits in
the Periodic Reports as specified in Sec. 63.506(e)(6). Every fourth
Periodic Report shall include a certification of compliance with the
emissions averaging provisions as required by
Sec. 63.506(e)(6)(vi)(D)(2).
(f) Debits and credits shall be calculated in accordance with the
methods and procedures specified in paragraphs (g) and (h) of this
section, respectively, and shall not include emissions during the
following periods:
(1) Emissions during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction
as described in the Startup, Shutdown, and Malfunction Plan.
(2) Emissions during periods of monitoring excursions, as defined
in Sec. 63.505 (g) or (h). For these periods, the calculation of
monthly credits and debits shall be adjusted as specified in paragraphs
(f)(2)(i) through (f)(2)(iii) of this section.
(i) No credits would be assigned to the credit-generating emission
point.
(ii) Maximum debits would be assigned to the debit-generating
emission point.
(iii) The owner or operator may demonstrate to the Administrator
that full or partial credits or debits should be assigned using the
procedures in paragraph (l) of this section.
(g) Debits are generated by the difference between the actual
emissions from a Group 1 emission point that is uncontrolled or is
controlled to a level less stringent than the applicable reference
control technology or standard and the emissions allowed for the Group
1 emission point. Debits shall be calculated as follows:
(1) Source-wide debits shall be calculated using Equation 33.
Debits and all terms of the equation are in units of megagrams per
month (Mg/month).
[[Page 46959]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR05SE96.031
where:
ECFEPViACTUAL=Emissions from each Group 1 continuous front-end
process vent i that is uncontrolled or is controlled to a level less
stringent than the applicable reference control technology.
ECFEPViACTUAL is calculated according to paragraph (g)(2)(iii) of
this section.
(0.02)ECFEPViu=Emissions from each Group 1 continuous front-end
process vent i if the applicable reference control technology had been
applied to the uncontrolled emissions. ECFEPViu is calculated
according to paragraph (g)(2)(ii) of this section.
ESiACTUAL=Emissions from each Group 1 storage vessel i that is
uncontrolled or is controlled to a level less stringent than the
applicable reference control technology or standard. ESiACTUAL is
calculated according to paragraph (g)(3) of this section.
(0.05)ESiu=Emissions from each Group 1 storage vessel i if the
applicable reference control technology or standard had been applied to
the uncontrolled emissions. ESiu is calculated according to
paragraph (g)(3) of this section.
EBEPACTUAL=Emissions from back-end process operations that do not
meet the residual organic HAP limits in Sec. 63.494. EBEPACTUAL is
calculated according to paragraph (g)(4)(i) of this section.
EBEPc=Emissions from back-end process operations if the residual
organic HAP limits in Sec. 63.494(a) were met. EBEPc is calculated
according to paragraph (g)(4)(ii) of this section.
EWWiACTUAL=Emissions from each Group 1 wastewater stream i that is
uncontrolled or is controlled to a level less stringent than the
applicable reference control technology. EWW2iACTUAL is calculated
according to paragraph (g)(5) of this section.
EWWic=Emissions from each Group 1 wastewater stream i if the
reference control technology had been applied to the uncontrolled
emissions. EWWic is calculated according to paragraph (g)(5) of
this section.
EBFEPViACTUAL=Emissions from each Group 1 batch front-end process
vent stream i that is uncontrolled or is controlled to a level less
stringent than the reference control technology. EBFEPViACTUAL is
calculated according to paragraph (g)(6)(ii) of this section.
(0.1)EBFEPViu=Emissions from each Group 1 batch front-end process
vent i if the applicable reference control technology or standard had
been applied to the uncontrolled emissions. EBFEPViu is calculated
according to paragraph (g)(6)(i) of this section.
EABViACTUAL=Emissions from each Group 1 aggregate batch vent
stream i that is uncontrolled or is controlled to a level less
stringent than the applicable reference control technology.
EABViACTUAL is calculated according to paragraph (g)(7)(iii) of
this section.
(0.1)EABViu=Emissions from each Group 1 aggregate batch vent
stream i if the applicable reference control technology had been
applied to the uncontrolled emissions. EABViu is calculated
according to paragraph (g)(7)(ii) of this section.
n=The number of emission points being included in the emissions
average.
(2) Emissions from continuous front-end process vents shall be
calculated as follows:
(i) For purposes of determining continuous front-end process vent
stream flow rate, organic HAP concentrations, and temperature, the
sampling site shall be after the final product recovery device, if any
recovery devices are present; before any control device (for continuous
front-end process vents, recovery devices shall not be considered
control devices); and before discharge to the atmosphere. Method 1 or
1A of 40 CFR part 60, appendix A, shall be used for selection of the
sampling site.
(ii) ECFEPViu for each continuous front-end process vent i
shall be calculated using Equation 34.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR05SE96.032
where:
ECFEPViu=Uncontrolled continuous front-end process vent emission
rate from continuous front-end process vent i, Mg/month.
Q=Vent stream flow rate, dry standard m3/min, measured using
Method 2, 2A, 2C, or 2D of 40 CFR part 60, appendix A, as appropriate.
h=Monthly hours of operation during which positive flow is present in
the continuous front-end process vent, hr/month.
Cj=Concentration, ppmv, dry basis, of organic HAP j as measured by
Method 18 or Method 25A of 40 CFR part 60, appendix A.
[[Page 46960]]
Mj=Molecular weight of organic HAP j, gram per gram-mole.
n=Number of organic HAP in stream.
(A) The values of Q and Cj shall be determined during a
performance test conducted under representative operating conditions.
The values of Q and Cj shall be established in the Notification of
Compliance Status and must be updated as provided in paragraph
(g)(2)(ii)(B) of this section.
(B) If there is a change in capacity utilization other than a
change in monthly operating hours, or if any other change is made to
the process or product recovery equipment or operation such that the
previously measured values of Q and Cj are no longer
representative, a new performance test shall be conducted to determine
new representative values of Q and Cj. These new values shall be
used to calculate debits and credits from the time of the change
forward, and the new values shall be reported in the next Periodic
Report.
(iii) The following procedures and equations shall be used to
calculate ECFEPViACTUAL:
(A) If the continuous front-end process vent is not controlled by a
control device or pollution prevention measure, ECFEPViACTUAL =
ECFEPViu, where ECFEPViu is calculated according to the
procedures contained in paragraphs (g)(2)(i) and (g)(2)(ii) of this
section.
(B) If the continuous front-end process vent is controlled using a
control device or a pollution prevention measure achieving less than
98-percent reduction, ECFEPViACTUAL is calculated using Equation
35.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR05SE96.033
Where:
ECFEPViACTUAL = Emissions from each Group 1 continuous front-end
process vent i that is uncontrolled or is controlled to a level less
stringent than the reference control technology.
ECFEPViu = Uncontrolled continuous front-end process vent emission
rate from continuous front-end process vent i, Mg/month.
(1) The percent reduction shall be measured according to the
procedures in Sec. 63.116 of subpart G if a combustion control device
is used. For a flare meeting the criteria in Sec. 63.116(a) of subpart
G, or a boiler or process heater meeting the criteria in Sec. 63.116(b)
of subpart G, the percent reduction shall be 98 percent. If a
noncombustion control device is used, percent reduction shall be
demonstrated by a performance test at the inlet and outlet of the
device, or, if testing is not feasible, by a control design evaluation
and documented engineering calculations.
(2) For determining debits from Group 1 continuous front-end
process vents, product recovery devices shall not be considered control
devices and cannot be assigned a percent reduction in calculating
ECFEPViACTUAL. The sampling site for measurement of uncontrolled
emissions is after the final product recovery device. However, as
provided in Sec. 63.113(a)(3) of subpart G, a Group 1 continuous front-
end process vent may add sufficient product recovery to raise the TRE
index value above 1.0, thereby becoming a Group 2 continuous front-end
process vent. Such a continuous front-end process vent would not be a
Group 1 continuous front-end process vent and would, therefore, not be
included in determining debits under this paragraph.
(3) Procedures for calculating the percent reduction of pollution
prevention measures are specified in paragraph (j) of this section.
(3) Emissions from storage vessels shall be calculated using the
procedures specified in Sec. 63.150(g)(3) of subpart G.
(4) Emissions from back-end process operations shall be calculated
as follows:
(i) Equation 36 shall be used to calculate EBEPACTUAL:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR05SE96.034
where:
EBEPACTUAL = Actual emissions from back-end process operations,
Mg/month.
Ci = Residual organic HAP content of sample i, kg organic HAP per
Mg latex or dry crumb rubber.
Pi = Weight of latex or dry crumb rubber leaving the stripper
represented by sample i, Mg.
(ii) Equation 37 shall be used to calculate EBEPc:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR05SE96.051
where:
EBEPc = Emissions from back-end process operations if the residual
organic HAP limits in Sec. 63.494(a) were met, Mg/month.
HAPlimit = Residual organic HAP limits in Sec. 63.494 of this
subpart, kg organic HAP per Mg latex or dry crumb rubber.
Pmonth=Weight of latex or dry crumb rubber leaving the stripper in
the month, Mg.
(5) Emissions from wastewater shall be calculated using the
procedures specified in Sec. 63.150(g)(5) of subpart G.
(6) Emissions from batch front-end process vents shall be
calculated as follows:
(i) EBFEPViu for each batch front-end process vent i shall be
calculated using the procedures specified in Sec. 63.488(b).
(ii) The following procedures and equations shall be used to
determine EBFEPViACTUAL:
(A) If the batch front-end process vent is not controlled by a
control device or pollution prevention measure,
[[Page 46961]]
EBFEPViACTUAL=EBFEPViu, where EBFEPViu is calculated
according to the procedures in Sec. 63.488(b).
(B) If the batch front-end process vent is controlled using a
control device or a pollution prevention measure achieving less than 90
percent reduction for the batch cycle, calculate EBFEPViACTUAL
using Equation 38, where percent reduction is for the batch cycle.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR05SE96.035
(1) The percent reduction for the batch cycle shall be measured
according to the procedures in Sec. 63.490(c)(2).
(2) The percent reduction for control devices shall be calculated
according to the procedures in Sec. 63.490 (c)(2)(i) through
(c)(2)(iii).
(3) The percent reduction of pollution prevention measures shall be
calculated using the procedures specified in paragraph (j) of this
section.
(7) Emissions from aggregate batch vents shall be calculated as
follows:
(i) For purposes of determining aggregate batch vent stream flow
rate, organic HAP concentrations, and temperature, the sampling site
shall be before any control device and before discharge to the
atmosphere. Method 1 or 1A of 40 CFR part 60, appendix A, shall be used
for selection of the sampling site.
(ii) EABViu for each aggregate batch vent i shall be
calculated using Equation 39.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR05SE96.036
where:
EABViu=Uncontrolled aggregate batch vent emission rate from
aggregate batch vent i, Mg/month.
Q=Vent stream flow rate, dry standard cubic meters per minute, measured
using Method 2, 2A, 2C, or 2D of 40 CFR part 60, appendix A, as
appropriate.
h=Monthly hours of operation during which positive flow is present from
the aggregate batch vent stream, hr/month.
Cj=Concentration, ppmv, dry basis, of organic HAP j as measured by
Method 18 of 40 CFR part 60, appendix A.
Mj=Molecular weight of organic HAP j, gram per gram-mole.
n=Number of organic HAP in the stream.
(A) The values of Q and Cj shall be determined during a
performance test conducted under representative operating conditions.
The values of Q and Cj shall be established in the Notification of
Compliance Status and must be updated as provided in paragraph
(g)(7)(ii)(B) of this section.
(B) If there is a change in capacity utilization other than a
change in monthly operating hours, or if any other change is made to
the process or product recovery equipment or operation such that the
previously measured values of Q and Cj are no longer
representative, a new performance test shall be conducted to determine
new representative values of Q and Cj. These new values shall be
used to calculate debits and credits from the time of the change
forward, and the new values shall be reported in the next Periodic
Report.
(iii) The following procedures and equations shall be used to
calculate EABViACTUAL:
(A) If the aggregate batch vent is not controlled by a control
device or pollution prevention measure, EABViACTUAL = EABViu,
where EABViu is calculated according to the procedures in
paragraphs (g)(7)(i) and (g)(7)(ii) of this section.
(B) If the aggregate batch vent stream is controlled using a
control device or a pollution prevention measure achieving less than 90
percent reduction, calculate EABViACTUAL using Equation 40.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR05SE96.037
(1) The percent reduction for control devices shall be determined
according to the procedures in Sec. 63.490(e).
(2) The percent reduction of pollution prevention measures shall be
calculated according to the procedures specified in paragraph (j) of
this section.
(h) Credits are generated by the difference between emissions that
are allowed for each Group 1 and Group 2 emission point and the actual
emissions from that Group 1 or Group 2 emission point that has been
controlled after November 15, 1990 to a level more stringent than what
is required by this subpart or any other State or Federal rule or
statute. Credits shall be calculated as follows:
(1) Source-wide credits shall be calculated using Equation 41.
Credits and all terms of the equation are in units of Mg/month, and the
baseline date is November 15, 1990.
[[Page 46962]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR05SE96.038
where:
D = Discount factor = 0.9 for all credit generating emission points,
except those controlled by a pollution prevention measure; discount
factor = 1.0 for each credit generating emission point controlled by a
pollution prevention measure (i.e., no discount provided).
ECFEPV1iACTUAL = Emissions for each Group 1 continuous front-end
process vent i that is controlled to a level more stringent than the
reference control technology. ECFEPV1iACTUAL is calculated
according to paragraph (h)(2)(ii) of this section.
(0.02)ECFEPV1iu = Emissions from each Group 1 continuous front-end
process vent i if the reference control technology had been applied to
the uncontrolled emissions. ECFEPV1iu is calculated according to
paragraph (h)(2)(i) of this section.
ECFEPV2iACTUAL = Emissions from each Group 2 continuous front-end
process vent i that is controlled. ECFEPV2iACTUAL is calculated
according to paragraph (h)(2)(iii) of this section.
ECFEPV2iBASE = Emissions from each Group 2 continuous front-end
process vent i at the baseline date. ECFEPV1