[Federal Register Volume 61, Number 178 (Thursday, September 12, 1996)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 48208-48288]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 96-22781]
[[Page 48207]]
_______________________________________________________________________
Part II
Environmental Protection Agency
_______________________________________________________________________
40 CFR Parts 9 and 63
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutant Emissions:
Group IV Polymers and Resins; Final Rule
Federal Register / Vol. 61, No. 178 / Thursday, September 12, 1996 /
Rules and Regulations
[[Page 48208]]
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
40 CFR Parts 9 and 63
[AD-FRL-5508-6]
RIN 2060-AE37
National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutant
Emissions: Group IV Polymers and Resins
AGENCY: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
ACTION: Final rule.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY: This action promulgates national emission standards for
hazardous air pollutants (NESHAP) from existing and new plant sites
that emit organic hazardous air pollutants (HAP) identified on the
EPA's list of 189 HAP. The organic HAP are emitted during the
manufacture of one or more of the following Group IV polymers and
resins: acrylonitrile butadiene styrene resin (ABS), styrene
acrylonitrile resin (SAN), methyl methacrylate acrylonitrile butadiene
styrene resin (MABS), methyl methacrylate butadiene styrene resin
(MBS), polystyrene resin, poly (ethylene terephthalate) resin (PET),
and nitrile resin.
In the production of thermoplastics, a variety of organic HAP are
used as monomers or are created as by-products. Some of these organic
HAP are considered to be mutagens and carcinogens, and all can cause
reversible or irreversible toxic effects following exposure. The
potential toxic effects include eye, nose, throat, and skin irritation;
liver and kidney toxicity, and neurotoxicity. There effects can range
from mild to severe. The standards are estimated to reduce organic HAP
emissions from existing affected sources by 3,550 megagrams per year
(Mg/yr).
The intent of this rule is to protect the public by requiring the
maximum degree of reduction in emissions of organic HAP from new and
existing major sources. The emissions reductions achieved by these
standards, when combined with the emission reductions achieved by other
similar standards, will achieve the primary goal of the Clean Air Act
(Act) as amended in 1990.
EFFECTIVE DATE: September 12, 1996. See the Supplementary Information
section concerning judicial review.
ADDRESSES: Docket. Docket No. A-92-45, containing information
considered by the EPA in development of the promulgated standards, is
available for public inspection between 8 a.m. and 5:30 p.m., Monday
through Friday at the following address in room M-1500, Waterside Mall
(ground floor) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air and Radiation
Docket and Information Center (MC-6102), 401 M Street SW., Washington,
DC 20460; telephone: (202) 260-7549. A reasonable fee may be charged
for copying docket materials.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: For information concerning
applicability and rule determinations contact:
Region I--Greg Roscoe, Air Programs Compliance, Branch Chief, U.S.
EPA, Region I, SEA, JFK Federal Building, Boston, MA 02203, (617) 565-
3221.
Region II--Kenneth Eng, Air Compliance Branch Chief, U.S. EPA,
Region II, 290 Broadway, New York, NY 10007-1866, (212) 637-4000.
Region III--Bernard Turlinski, Air Enforcement Branch Chief, U.S.
EPA, Region III, 3AT10, 841 Chestnut Building, Philadelphia, PA 19107,
(205) 597-3989.
Region IV--Jewell A. Harper, Air Enforcement Branch, U.S. EPA,
Region IV, 345 Courtland Street, N.E., Atlanta, GA 30365, (404) 347-
2904.
Region V--George T. Czerniak, Jr., Air Enforcement Branch Chief,
U.S. EPA, Region V, 5AE-26, 77 West Jackson Street, Chicago, IL 60604,
(312) 353-2088.
Region VI--John R. Hepola, Air Enforcement Branch Chief, U.S. EPA,
Region VI, 1445 Ross Avenue, Suite 1200, Dallas, TX 75202-2733, (214)
665-7220.
Region VII--Donald Toensing, Chief, Air Permitting and Compliance
Branch, U.S. EPA, Region VII, 726 Minnesota Avenue, Kansas City, KS
66101, (913) 551-7446.
Region VIII--Douglas M. Skie, Air and Technical Operations Branch
Chief, U.S. EPA, Region VIII, 999 18th Street, Suite 500, Denver, CO
80202-2466, (303) 312-6432.
Region IX--Colleen W. McKaughan, Air Compliance Branch Chief, U.S.
EPA, Region IX, 75 Hawthorne Street, San Francisco, CA 94105, (415)
744-1198.
Region X--Air and Radiation Branch Chief, U.S. EPA, Region X, AT-
092, 1200 Sixth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101, (206) 533-1152.
For information concerning the analyses performed in developing
this rule, contact Mr. Robert Rosensteel at (919) 541-5410, organic
Chemicals Group, Emission Standards Division (MD-13), U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
27711.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Regulated Entities
Entities potentially regulated by this action are those facilities
which manufacture one or more of the 7 thermoplastic products
identified in the rule and listed below:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Category Examples of regulated entities
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Industry......................... Facilities which manufacture
acrylonitrile butadiene styrene
resin, styrene acrylonitrile resin,
methyl methacrylate acrylonitrile
butadiene styrene resin, methyl
methacrylate butadiene styrene
resin, polystyrene resin, poly
(ethylene terephthalate) resin, or
nitrile resin.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
This table is not intended to be exhaustive, but rather provides a
guide for readers regarding entities likely to be regulated by this
action. To determine whether your facility is regulated by this action,
you should carefully examine the applicability criteria in Sec. 63.1310
of the rule. If you have questions regarding the applicability of this
action to a particular entity, consult one of the persons listed in the
preceding FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT section.
Response to Comment Document
The response to comment document for the promulgated standards
contains: (1) A summary of all the public comments made on the proposed
rule and the Administrator's response to the comments; and (2) A
summary of the changes made to the rule since proposal. The document
may be obtained from the U.S. EPA Library (MD-35), Research Triangle
Park, North Carolina 27711, telephone (919) 541-2777; or from the
National Technical Information Services, 5285 Port Royal Road,
Springfield, Virginia 22151, telephone (703) 487-4650. Please refer to
``Hazardous Air Pollutant Emissions from Process Units in the
Thermoplastics Manufacturing Industry--Basis and Purpose Document for
Final Standards, Summary of Public Comments and Responses'' [EPA-453/R-
96-001b; May 1996]. This document is also available for downloading
from the Technology Transfer Network. The Technology Transfer Network
is one of the EPA's electronic bulletin boards. The Technology Transfer
Network provides information and technology exchange in various areas
of air pollution control. The service is free except for the cost of a
phone call. Dial (919) 541-5472 for up to a 14,400 bps modem. If more
information on the Technology Transfer Network is needed, call the HELP
line at (919) 541-5384.
Previous Background Documents
The following is a listing of background documents pertaining to
this rulemaking. The complete title,
[[Page 48209]]
EPA publication number, publication date, docket number, and the
abbreviated descriptive title used to refer to the document throughout
this notice are included.
(1) Hazardous Air Pollutant Emissions from Process Units in the
Thermoplastics Manufacturing Industry--Supplementary Information
Document for Proposed Standards. EPA-453/R-95-003a. March 1995. Docket
item A-92-45: II-A-9. Supplementary Information Document.
(2) Hazardous Air Pollutant Emissions from Process Units in the
Thermoplastics Manufacturing Industry--Basis and Purpose Document for
Proposed Standards. EPA-453/R-95-004a. March 1995. Docket item A-92-45:
II-A-10. Basis and Purpose Document for Proposed Standards.
Judicial Review
National emission standards for organic HAP for Group IV polymers
and resins were proposed in the Federal Register (FR) on March 29, 1995
(60 FR 16090). This Federal Register action announces the EPA's final
decision on the rule. Under section 307(b)(1) of the Act, judicial
review of the final rule is available only by filing a petition for
review in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia
Circuit within 60 days of today's publication of this final rule. Under
section 307(b)(2) of the Act, the requirements that are the subject of
today's notice may not be challenged later in civil or criminal
proceedings brought by the EPA to enforce these requirements.
The following outline is provided to aid in reading the preamble to
the final rule.
I. Background
II. Summary of Considerations Made in Developing These Standards
A. Purpose of Standards
B. Technical Basis of Regulation
C. Stakeholder and Public Participation
III. Summary of Promulgated Standards
A. Storage Vessel Provisions
B. Process Vent Provisions
C. Heat Exchange Provisions
D. Process Contact Cooling Tower Provisions
E. Wastewater Provisions
F. Equipment Leak Provisions
G. Emissions Averaging Provisions
H. Compliance and Performance Test Provisions and Monitoring
Requirements
I. Recordkeeping and Reporting Provisions
IV. Summary of Impacts
V. Significant Comments and Changes to the Proposed Standards
A. Applicability Provisions and Definitions
B. Continuous Process Vent Provisions
C. Batch Process Vent Provisions
D. Wastewater Provisions
E. Process Contact Cooling Tower Provisions
F. Equipment Leak Provisions
G. Emissions Averaging Provisions
H. Compliance and Performance Test Provisions and Monitoring
Requirements
I. Recordkeeping and Reporting
VI. Administrative Requirements
A. Docket
B. Executive Order 12866
C. Paperwork Reduction Act
D. Regulatory Flexibility Act
E. Unfunded Mandates
I. Background
Section 112(b) of the Act lists 1989 HAP and directs the EPA to
develop standards to control all major sources and some area sources
emitting HAP. On July 16, 1992, the EPA published a list of major and
area source categories for which NESHAP are to be promulgated (57 FR
3156). Six of the seven source categories regulated by this rule were
included on that list as major source categories. The other source
category, nitrile resins production, has since been added to the source
category list. On December 3, 1993, the EPA published a schedule for
promulgating standards for the listed major and area source categories
(58 FR 83941). Standards for these seven major source categories were
proposed on March 29, 1995, under this rulemaking.
II. Summary of Considerations Made in Developing These Standards
A. Purpose of Standards
The Act was created in part ``to protect and enhance the quality of
the nation's air resources so as to promote the public health and
welfare and the productive capacity of its population [the Act, section
101(b)(1)]. Title I of the Act establishes a control technology-based
program to reduce stationary source emissions of HAP. The goal of the
section 112(d) Maximum Achievable Control Technology standards (MACT)
is to apply such control technology to reduce emissions and thereby
reduce the hazard of pollutants emitted from stationary sources.
The Act strategy avoids dependence on a detailed and comprehensive
risk assessment hampered by (but not limited to) the following caveats,
as prerequisites for control of air toxics: (1) Some of the HAP emitted
from stationary sources are unknown; and (2) Many of the HAP with
emissions information have incomplete data in which to describe health
hazard. In addition, these standards are not ``significant'' as defined
by Executive Order 12866, and a specific benefits analysis is not
required. Because of these issues, a detailed and intensive risk
assessment of potential effects from the organic HAP emitted from
stationary sources is not included in this rulemaking.
The EPA does recognize that the degree of adverse effects to health
resulting from the most significant emissions identified can range from
mild to severe. The extent to which the effects could be experienced is
dependent upon the ambient concentrations and exposure time. The latter
is further influenced by source-specific characteristics such as
emission rates and local meteorological conditions. Human variability
factors also influence the degree to which effects to health occur:
genetics, age, pre-existing health conditions, and lifestyle.
The organic HAP listed in section 112(b)(1) of the Act emitted by
the thermoplastic facilities covered by these standards include
styrene, acrylonitrile, butadiene, ethylene glycol, methanol,
acetaldehyde, and dioxane. Available emission date gathered, in
conjunction with development of these MACT standards, show that these
organic HAP are those which have the potential for reduction by the
implementation of the standard.
Some of the effects of the pollutants whose emissions are reduced
by these standards include central nervous system effects (e.g.,
drowsiness, dizziness, headaches, impairment of vision, peripheral
nervous system effects expressed as numbness of the extremities,
fatigue, and coma and death at lethal levels), respiratory irritation
expressed as labored breathing and impaired lung function, eye
irritation, reproductive and developmental effects, gastrointestinal
effects, blood effects (e.g., anemia and leukocytosis), and liver and
kidney toxicity. In addition, butadiene exposure to humans has been
associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and effects on
the blood. In regard to carcinogenicity, some of the organic HAP
controlled under these standards are either probable (i.e.,
acetaldehyde, dioxane, acrylonitrile, and butadiene) or possible (i.e.,
styrene) human carcinogens.
These standards will result in a minimum organic HAP emission
reduction of 3,550 Mg/yr for existing affected sources and 6,870 Mg/yr
for new affected sources. The majority of the organic HAP regulated by
these standards are also volatile organic compounds (VOC). In reducing
emissions of organic HAP, emissions of VOC are also reduced. No other
criteria pollutant ambient levels will be affected by these standards.
The emission reductions achieved by these standards, when combined with
the emission
[[Page 48210]]
reductions achieved by other standards mandated by the Act, will
achieve the primary goal of the Clean Air Act.
B. Technical Basis of Regulation
National emission standards for sources of HAP established under
section 112(d) of the Act reflect MACT:
* * * the maximum degree of reduction in emissions of the HAP *
* * that the Administrator, taking into consideration the cost of
achieving such emission reduction, and any nonair quality health and
environmental impacts and energy requirements, determines is
achievable for new or existing sources in the category or
subcategory to which such emission standard applies * * * [42 U.S.C.
Sec. 7412(d)(2)].
The amended Clean Air Act contains requirements for the development
of regulatory alternatives for sources of HAP emissions. The statute
requires the standards to reflect the maximum degree of reduction in
emissions of HAP that is achievable for new or existing sources. This
control level is referred to as MACT. The amended Clean Air Act also
provides guidance on determining the least stringent level allowed for
a MACT standard; this level is termed the ``MACT floor.''
For new sources, the standards for a source category or subcategory
``shall not be less stringent than the emission control that is
achieved in practice by the best controlled similar source, as
determined by the Administrator'' [section 112(d)(3) of the Act].
Existing source standards shall be no less stringent than the average
emission limitation achieved by the best performing 12 percent of the
existing sources for source categories and subcategories with 30 or
more sources or the average emission limitation achieved by the best
performing 5 sources for source categories or subcategories with fewer
than 30 sources [section 12(d)(3) of the Act]. These two minimum levels
of control define the MACT floor for new and existing sources.
Two interpretations have been evaluated by the EPA for representing
the MACT floor for existing sources. One interpretation is that the
MACT floor is represented by the 88th percentile source. The second
interpretation is that the MACT floor is represented by the ``average
emission limitation achieved'' by the best performing sources, where
the ``average'' is based on a measure of central tendency, such as the
arithmetic mean, median, or mode. This latter interpretation is
referred to as the ``higher floor interpretation.'' In a June 6, 1994
Federal Register notice [59 FR 29196], the EPA presented its
interpretation of the statutory language concerning the MACT floor for
existing sources. Based on a review of the statute, legislative
history, and public comments, the EPA believes that the ``higher floor
interpretation'' is a better reading of the statutory language. The
determination of the MACT floor for existing sources under the proposed
and final rule followed the ``higher floor interpretation.''
The regulatory alternatives considered in the development of this
rule, including those regulatory alternatives selected as standards for
new and existing affected sources, are based on process and emissions
data received from the existing plant sites known by the EPA to be in
operation.
Regulatory alternatives more stringent than the MACT floor were
selected when they were judged to be reasonable ``taking into
consideration the cost of achieving such emission reduction, and any
nonair quality health and environmental impacts, and energy
requirements'' (42 U.S.C. Sec. 7412(d)(2)).
Potential regulatory alternatives were developed based on the
Hazardous Organic NESHAP (HON) (i.e., subparts F, G, H, and I of 40 CFR
part 63), the Polymer Manufacturing New Source Performance Standards
(NSPS) (subpart DDD of 40 CFR part 60), and the Batch Processes
Alternative Control Techniques (ACT) document [EPA 453/R-93-017;
November 1993]. The HON was selected as a basis for regulatory
alternatives because: (1) the characteristics of the emissions from
storage vessels, continuous process vents, equipment leaks, and
wastewater at Group IV thermoplastic facilities are similar or
identical to those addressed by the HON; and (2) The levels of control
required under the HON were already determined through extensive
analyses to be reasonable from a cost and impact perspective.
The Polymer Manufacturing NSPS, which covers certain process
emissions at polystyrene and PET facilities using a continuous process,
and cooling tower emissions at PET facilities, was selected for the
same basic reasons as the HON. Although the Polymer Manufacturing NSPS
was developed under section 111 of the Clean Air Act and was targeted
to control VOC emissions, the requirements for setting standards under
section 111 are very similar to the requirements under section 112 of
the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, and all of the organic HAP
identified from polystyrene and PET affected sources are also VOC.
Finally, the Batch Processes ACT was selected to identify
regulatory alternatives for batch process vents, which are not
addressed by either the HON or Polymer Manufacturing NSPS. As with the
Polymer Manufacturing NSPS, the Batch Processes ACT addresses the
control of VOC emissions, and all of the organic HAP identified for the
Group IV thermoplastics facilities are also VOC. Unlike the HON and
Polymer Manufacturing NSPS, the Batch Processes ACT is not a regulation
and, therefore, does not specify a level of control that must be met.
Instead, the Batch Processes ACT provides information on emissions
estimation techniques and potential levels of control and their
environmental, energy, and cost impacts. Based on the review of the
Batch Processes ACT, the EPA selected a level of control equivalent to
90 percent reduction for batch process vents. This level of control was
selected for regulatory analysis purposes.
C. Stakeholder and Public Participation
In the development of these standards, numerous representatives of
the thermoplastics industry were consulted. Industry representatives
have included trade associations and thermoplastic producers responding
to section 114 questionnaires and information collection requests
(ICR). Representatives from other interested EPA offices, Regional
offices, and State environmental agency personnel, participated in the
regulatory development process as members of the Work Group. The Work
Group is involved in the regulatory development process, and is given
opportunities to review and comment on the standards before proposal
and promulgation. Therefore, the EPA believes that the implication to
order EPA offices and programs has been adequately considered during
the development of these standards. In addition, the EPA has met with
members of industry concerning these standards. Finally, industry
representatives, regulatory authorities, and environmental groups had
the opportunity to comment on the proposed standards and to provide
additional information during the public comment period that followed
the proposal.
The standards were proposed in the Federal Register on March 29,
1995 (60 FR 16090). The preamble to the proposed standards described
the rationale for the proposed standards. Public comments were
solicited at the time of proposal. To provide interested persons the
opportunity for oral presentation of data, views, or arguments
concerning the proposed standards, a public hearing was offered at
proposal. However, the public did not request a hearing and, therefore,
one
[[Page 48211]]
was not held. The public comment period was from March 29, 1995 to May
30, 1995. Twenty-seven comment letters were received. Commenters
included industry representatives and State agencies. The comments were
carefully considered, and changes were made in the proposed standards
when determined by the EPA to be appropriate. A detailed discussion of
these comments and responses can be found in the Basis and Purpose
Document for Final Standards (EPA-453/R-96-001b; May 1996), which is
referenced in the ADDRESSES section of this preamble. The summary of
comments and responses in the Basis and Purpose Document for the Final
Standards (EPA-453/R-96-001b; May 1996) serves as the basis for the
revisions that have been made to the standards between proposal and
promulgation. Section V of this preamble discusses these major changes.
III. Summary of Promulgated Standards
Emissions of specific organic HAP from the following types of
emission points (i.e., emission source types) are being covered by the
final standards: Storage vessels, continuous process vents, batch
process vents, equipment leaks, wastewater operations, heat exchange
systems, and some process contact cooling towers associated with the
manufacture of PET. The organic HAP emitted and required to be
controlled by these standards vary by subcategory. Each of the nineteen
thermoplastic products constitutes a separate subcategory (i.e.,
affected source) that is regulated by these standards.
The existing affected source is defined as each group of one or
more TPPUs that manufacture the same thermoplastic product as their
primary product, and (1) are located at a major source plant site, (2)
are not exempt, and (3) are not part of a new affected source. This
means that each plant site will have only one existing affected source
in any given subcategory.
New affected sources are created under various circumstances. If a
plant site with an existing affected source producing thermoplastic A
as its primary product constructs a new TPPU also producing
thermoplastic A as its primary product, the new TPPU is a new affected
source if the new TPPU has the potential to emit more than 10 tons per
year of a single HAP or 25 tons per year of all HAP. In this situation,
the plant site would have an existing affected source producing
thermoplastic A and a new affected source producing thermoplastic A.
Each subsequent new TPPU with potential HAP emissions above major
source levels (i.e., 10/25 tons per year) would be a separate new
affected source. New affected sources are also created when a TPPU is
constructed at a major source plant site where the thermoplastic
product was not previously produced, with no regard to the potential
HAP emissions from the TPPU. This approach to defining new affected
source was selected in order to make this subpart more consistent with
the HON.
Another instance where a new affected source is created is if a new
TPPU is constructed at a new plant site (i.e., green field site) that
will be a major source. The final manner in which a new affected source
is created is when an existing affected source undergoes
reconstruction, thus making the previously existing affected source
subject to new source standards.
This standard differs from the HON, however, in that it applies to
multiple source categories. Thus, unlike the HON, a newly added TPPU at
a facility is covered by this rule even if that TPPU is in a different
source category from the existing TPPUs at the facility. It is the
EPA's position that the addition of a process unit in a different
source category is a new source and must meet the requirements for new
sources even though the TPPU has the potential to emit less than 10
tons per year of a single HAP or 25 tons per year of all HAP. Indeed,
if a source covered by another MACT standard (i.e., a different source
category) were built at a HON facility, that source would be subject to
new source requirements under that MACT standard.
Also, each affected source includes the following emission points
and equipment that are associated with each group of TPPU: (1) Each
wastewater stream; (2) each wastewater operation; (3) each heat
exchange system; (4) each process contact cooling tower used in the
manufacture of PET that is associated with a new affected source; and
(5) each process contact cooling tower used in the manufacture of PET
using a continuous terephthalic acid high viscosity multiple end
finisher process that is associated with an existing affected source.
With relatively few exceptions, the final standards for storage
vessels, continuous process vents, equipment leaks, wastewater streams,
and heat exchange systems are the same as those promulgated for the
corresponding types of emission points at facilities subject to the
HON. As shown in Tables 1 and 2, some subcategories have requirements
that differ from the HON; these cases are designated by ``MACT Floor.''
These different requirements are specified in the final standards.
As in the HON, if an emission point within an affected source meets
the applicability criteria and is required to be controlled under the
standards, it is referred to as a Group 1 emission point. If an
emission point within the affected source is not required to apply
controls, it is referred to as a Group 2 emission point.
Table 1.-- Summary of Final Standards for Existing Affected Sources in Relationship to the HON, the Polymer Manufacturing NSPS, and the Batch Processes
Act
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Type of emission point
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subcategory Heat exchange
Storage vessels Process vents Equipment leaks Wastewater systems
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ABS, continuous emulsion......... HON................ HON.............................. HON................ HON................ HON.
ABS, continuous mass............. HON................ Continous process vents: HON HON................ HON................ HON.
batch process vents: 90 percent
reduction or complaint flare.
ABS, batch emulsion.............. HON................ Continuous process vents: HON HON................ HON................ HON.
batch process vents: 90 percent
reduction or compliant flare.
ABS, batch suspension............ HON................ Continuous process vents: HON HON................ HON................ HON.
batch process vents: 90 percent
reduction or compliant flare.
ABS, latex....................... HON................ Continuous process vents: HON HON................ HON................ HON.
batch process vents: 90 percent
reduction or compliant flare.
[[Page 48212]]
MABS............................. HON................ Continuous process vents: HON HON................ HON................ HON.
batch process vents: 90 percent
reduction or compliant flare.
MBS.............................. HON................ Continuous process vents: MACT HON................ HON................ HON.
floor batch process vents: 90
percent reduction or compliant
flare.
SAN, continuous.................. HON................ Continuous process vents: HON HON................ HON................ HON.
batch process vents: 90 percent
reduction or compliant flare.
SAN, batch....................... HON................ Continuous process vents: HON HON................ HON................ HON.
batch process vents: 90 percent
reduction or compliant flare.
ASA/AMSAN........................ MACT floor......... MACT floor....................... HON................ No control......... HON.
Polystyrene, continuous.......... MACT floor......... Continuous process vents from HON................ HON................ HON.
material recovery sections: same
as polymer manufacturing NSPS
other continuous process vents:
HON batch process vents: 90
percent reduction or compliant
flare.
Polystyrene, batch............... HON................ Continuous process vents: HON HON................ HON................ HON.
batch process vents: 90 percent
reduction or compliant flare.
Expandable polystyrene........... HON................ Continuous process vents: HON HON................ HON................ HON.
batch process vents: 90 percent
reduction or compliant flare.
PET-TPA, continuous.............. HON................ Continuous process vents from raw HON................ HON................ HON.
material preparation and
polymerization reaction
sections: same as polymer
manufacturing NSPS other
continuous process vents: HON
batch process vents: 90 percent
reduction or compliant flare.
PET-TPA continuous high viscosity HON................ Continuous process vents from raw No control......... HON................ HON.
multiple end finisher. material preparation and
polymerization reaction
sections: same as polymer
manufacturing NSPS other
continuous process vents: HON
batch process vents: 90 percent
reduction or compliant flare.
PET-TPA, batch-DMT, batch........ HON................ Continuous process vents: HON HON................ HON................ HON.
batch process vents: 90 percent
reduction or compliant flare.
PET-DMT, continuous.............. HON................ Continuous process vents from HON................ HON................ HON.
material recovery and
polymerization reaction
sections: same as polymer
manufacturing NSPS other
continuous process vents: HON
batch process vents: 90 percent
reduction or compliant flare.
Nitrile.......................... MACT floor......... Continuous process vents: HON HON................ HON................ HON.
batch process vents: 90 percent
reduction or compliant flare.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ASA/AMSAN = acrylonitrile styrene acrylate resin/alpha methyl styrene acrylonitrile resin.
TPA = terephthalic acid.
DMT = dimethyl terephthalate.
Table. 2.--Summary of Final Standards for New Affected Sources in Relationship to the HON, the Polymer Manufacturing NSPS, and the Batch Processes Act
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Type of emission point
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subcategory Storage Equipment Heat exchange
vessels Process vents leaks Wastewater systems Process contact cooling towers
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ABS, continuous emulsion.......... HON........... Continuous process HON.......... HON.......... HON.......... NA.
vents: HON batch
process vents: 90
percent reduction
or a compliant
flare.
ABS, continuous mass.............. Regulatory Continuous process HON.......... HON.......... HON.......... NA.
alternative 2 vents: HON batch
\1\. process vents: 90
percent reduction
or a compliant
flare.
ABS, batch emulsion............... HON........... Continuous process HON.......... HON.......... HON.......... NA.
vents: HON batch
process vents: 90
percent reduction
or a compliant
flare.
ABS, batch suspension............. HON........... Continuous process HON.......... HON.......... HON.......... NA.
vents: HON batch
process vents: 90
percent reduction
or a compliant
flare.
[[Page 48213]]
ABS, Latex........................ HON........... Continuous process HON.......... HON.......... HON.......... NA.
vents: HON batch
process vents: 90
percent reduction
or a compliant
flare.
MABS.............................. HON........... Continuous process HON.......... HON.......... HON.......... NA.
vents: HON batch
process vents: 90
percent reduction
or a compliant
flare.
MBS............................... HON........... Continuous process HON.......... HON.......... HON.......... NA.
vents: HON batch
process vents: 90
percent reduction
or a compliant
flare.
SAN, continuous................... MACT floor.... Continuous process HON.......... HON.......... HON.......... NA.
vents: HON batch
process vents: 90
percent reduction
or a compliant
flare.
SAN, batch........................ HON........... MACT floor.......... HON.......... No control... HON.......... NA.
ASA/AMSAN......................... MACT floor.... MACT floor.......... HON.......... No control... HON.......... NA.
Polystyrene, continuous........... MACT floor.... Continuous process HON.......... HON.......... HON.......... NA.
vents from material
recovery sections:
same as polymer
manufacturing NSPS,
other continuous
process vents: HON
batch process
vents: 90 percent
reduction or a
compliant flare.
Polystyrene, batch................ HON........... Continuous process HON.......... HON.......... HON.......... NA.
vents: HON batch
process vents: 90
percent reduction
or a compliant
flare.
Expandable polystyrene............ HON........... Continuous process HON.......... HON.......... HON.......... NA.
vents: HON batch
process vents: 90
percent reduction
or a compliant
flare.
PET-TPA, continuous............... HON........... Continuous process HON.......... HON.......... HON.......... No contact condenser effluent
vents from raw associated with a vacuum system
material shall go to a process contact
preparation and cooling tower.
polymerization
reaction sections:
same as Polymer
Manufacturing NSPS
other continuous
process vents: HON
batch process
vents: 90 percent
reduction or a
compliant flare.
PET-TPA, continuous multiple end HON........... Continuous process No control... HON.......... HON.......... No contact condenser effluent
finisher. vents from raw associated with a vacuum system
material shall go to a process contact
preparation and cooling tower.
polymerization
reaction sections:
same as Polymer
Manufacturing NSPS
other continuous
process vents: HON
batch process
vents: 90 percent
reduction or a
compliant flare.
PET-TPA, batch.................... HON........... Continuous process HON.......... HON.......... HON.......... No contact condenser effluent
-DMT, batch....................... vents: HON batch associated with a vacuum system
process vents: 90 shall go to a process contact
percent reduction cooling tower.
or a compliant
flare.
[[Page 48214]]
PET-DMT, continuous............... HON........... Continuous process HON.......... HON.......... HON.......... No contact condenser effluent
vents from material associated with a vacuum system
recovery and shall go to a process contact
polymerization cooling tower.
reaction sections:
same as polymer
manufacturing NSPS
other continuous
process vents: HON
batch process
vents: 90 percent
reduction or a
compliant flare.
Nitrile........................... MACT floor.... Continuous process HON.......... HON.......... HON.......... NA.
vents: HON batch
process vents: 90
percent reduction
or a compliant
flare.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ The final standard is stringent than the MACT floor, which is more stringent than the HON.
NA = Not applicable, not part of affected source.
ASA/AMSAN = acrylonitrile styrene acrylate resin/alpha methyl styrene acrylonitrile resin.
TPA = terephthalic acid.
DMT = dimethyl terephthalate.
A. Storage Vessel Provisions
The standards require owners and operators to first determine
whether or not a storage vessel is required to be controlled. For those
storage vessels determined to require control, the standards specify
the appropriate level of control.
For most existing and new storage vessels, the criteria for
determining which storage vessels must be controlled are identical to
the criteria in the HON storage vessel provisions and are based on
storage vessel capacity and vapor pressure of the stored material.
Typically, applicability criteria are different for existing and new
affected sources.
For most storage vessels, the level of control required is either
technical modification to the tank (e.g., the installation of an
internal floating roof) or the use of a closed vent system and control
device that is generally required to achieve at least 95 percent
emission reduction.
Note: This is the same level of control as required under the
HON.
As shown in Tables 1 and 2, some subcategories also have
requirements that differ from the HON. These requirements are specified
in the final standards. For those subcategories not applying the HON
level of control, the level of control varies depending on the
subcategory. For example, the standards may require 90 or 98 percent
emission reduction, as opposed to the 95 percent emission reduction
required by the HON. Finally, to simplify the final rule, some
chemicals with extremely low vapor pressure (e.g., ethylene glycol)
have been exempted from the storage vessel provisions.
B. Process Vent Provisions
Similar to the standards for storage vessels, the standards for
process vents require owners and operators to first determine whether
or not a process vent, or set of process vents, requires control and,
if so, then specifies the level of control required. The standards
regulate both continuous and batch process vents.
Except for certain PET and polystyrene continuous process vents,
the group status of a continuous process vent is determined by
comparing the total resource effectiveness (TRE) value for each
continuous process vent to a TRE value. The TRE value is a reflection
of the cost effectiveness of controlling an individual continuous
process vent. There are different TRE coefficients for continuous
process vents depending on whether the affected source is new or
existing. The TRE equations for new and existing continuous process
vents differ because the standards for new affected sources are more
stringent than the standards for existing affected sources. With one
exception, continuous process vents with TRE values of 1.0 or less are
Group 1 continuous process vents. For continuous process vents at
existing MBS facilities, the TRE value for each continuous process vent
is compared to a TRE value of 3.7. The proposed and final standards
refer to the procedures in the HON for determination of the TRE value.
For continuous process vents associated with the material recovery
section from existing PET affected sources using a continuous dimethyl
terephthalate (DMT) process, the set of continuous process vents are
designated as Group 1 continuous process vents if the combined
uncontrolled emission rate is greater than the threshold emission rate.
For other sets of continuous process vents associated with the raw
material preparation section or polymerization reaction section at
existing and new polystyrene and PET facilities, there are no
applicability criteria. These sets of continuous process vents are
considered to be Group 1 and must meet the specified emission limits.
Continuous process vents associated with the material recovery section
at new PET affected sources using a continuous DMT process are also
designated as Group 1 and must meet the specified emission limits.
The group determination procedure for batch process vents differs
from the procedure used for continuous process vents. First, the
estimated annual emissions for an individual batch process vent are
entered into the flow rate regression equation and a calculated flow
rate is determined. Second, the actual flow rate for the batch process
vent is compared to the calculated flow rate. If the actual flow rate
is less than the calculated flow rate, then the batch process vent is
designated as Group 1 and control is required. The batch process vent
group determination procedure is the same for existing and new batch
process vents.
[[Page 48215]]
There are exceptions to the procedures described above. For new SAN
affected sources using a batch process, the standards require an
overall emission reduction of 84 percent from all process vents (i.e.,
continuous and batch process vents), and a group determination is not
required. For new and existing acrylonitrile styrene acrylate resin/
alpha methyl styrene acrylonitrile resin (ASA/AMSAN) affected sources,
the standards require that emissions from all process vents (i.e.,
continuous and batch process vents) be controlled by 98 percent, and a
group determination is not required.
Another exception concerns a batch process vent that is combined
with a continuous process vent prior to a control or recovery device.
Said batch process vent is not required to comply with the batch
process vent provisions if there are no emissions to the atmosphere up
until the point the batch process vent is combined with the continuous
process vent. The combined vent stream would be required to comply with
the continuous process vent provisions. The presence of a batch process
vent in a continuous process vent emission stream would necessitate
that all applicability tests and performance tests be conducted while
the batch process vent is emitting (i.e., maximum operating conditions
for the combined vent stream).
The level of control required for most continuous process vents is
the same as the level of control required by the HON: 98 percent
emission reduction or an organic HAP concentration limit of 20 ppmv. If
a flare is used, it must meet the design and operating requirements of
Sec. 63.11(b) of subpart A of 40 CFR part 63. Exceptions to this level
of control are described in the following paragraphs.
For continuous process vents associated with material recovery
sections at polystyrene affected sources using a continuous process,
raw material preparation sections and polymerization reaction sections
at PET affected sources using a continuous terephthalic acid (TPA)
process, and material recovery sections and polymerization reaction
sections at PET affected sources using a continuous DMT process, the
standards require continuous process vents associated with these
process sections to meet emission limits expressed as kilogram organic
HAP per megagram of product. Depending on the process section, the
standards provide several compliance options including limiting the
outlet gas temperature from each final condenser or reducing emissions
from each process section by 98 weight percent or to an organic HAP
concentration limit of 20 ppmv. These are the same control requirements
as specified in the Polymer Manufacturing NSPS, which serve as the
basis for these specific provisions.
For batch process vents, the standards require Group 1 batch
process vents to achieve emission reductions of 90 percent or greater
for the batch cycle.
There are three subcategories where the standards are based on the
MACT floor. These subcategories are existing MBS affected sources,
existing and new ASA/AMSAN affected sources, and new SAN affected
sources using a batch process. As described earlier, the applicability
criteria and level of control differ from the HON for all three
subcategories.
For existing MBS affected sources, the standards require continuous
process vents at affected sources to either: (1) meet an emission limit
of 0.000590 kilogram of emissions per megagram of product for all
continuous process vents associated with the affected source; or (2)
control emissions from continuous process vents with a TRE of 3.7 or
less by 98 percent. The development of the MACT floor level of control
and applicability criteria for MBS existing affected sources is
documented in Docket Item II-B-21 of A-92-45 and in the Supplementary
Information Document (SID) for Proposed Standards [EPA-453/R-95-003a;
March 1995].
For both existing and new ASA/AMSAN affected sources, the standards
require all continuous and batch process vents to achieve emission
reductions of 98 percent.
For new SAN affected sources using a batch process, the standards
require an overall emission reduction of 84 percent for all process
vent emissions.
C. Heat Exchange Provisions
The standards apply to each heat exchange system that is associated
with the affected source. The standards require a monitoring program to
detect leakage of organic HAP from the process into the cooling water.
The standards refer to the monitoring program in the HON.
D. Process Contact Cooling Tower Provisions
The standards require that owners or operators of new affected
sources manufacturing PET not send contact condenser effluent
associated with a vacuum system to a process contact cooling tower. For
existing PET affected sources using a continuous TPA high viscosity
multiple end finisher process, the owner or operator is required to
keep the concentration of ethylene glycol in the process contact
cooling tower water to 4 percent or less by weight provided the TPPU is
or has become subject to 40 CFR part 60, subpart DDD. Process contact
cooling towers at existing PET affected sources using other processes
(e.g., DMT process) are not regulated.
Note: The standards treat the contact condenser effluent at
existing affected sources as wastewater.
E. Wastewater Provisions
Except for ASA/AMSAN affected sources, the standards require owners
and operators to comply with the wastewater provisions in the HON.
Owners and operators are required to make a group determination for
each wastewater stream based on the applicability criteria in the HON:
flow rate and organic HAP concentration. The level of control required
for Group 1 wastewater streams is dependent upon the organic HAP
constituents in the wastewater stream. The standards do not require
control of wastewater emissions from existing or new ASA/AMSAN affected
sources.
The standards also require owners and operators to comply with the
maintenance wastewater requirements in Sec. 63.105 of subpart F of this
part. These provisions require owners and operators to include a
description of procedures for managing wastewaters generated during
maintenance in their start-up, shutdown, and malfunction plan.
F. Equipment Leak Provisions
Except for one subcategory, both existing and new affected sources
are required to comply with the equipment leak standards specified in
subpart H of 40 CFR part 63. For PET affected sources using a
continuous TPA high viscosity multiple end finisher process, the final
rule does not require an equipment leak program. The final rule also
exempts from the equipment leak standards any PET TPPU in which all of
the components are either in vacuum service or in heavy liquid service.
In general, subpart H requires owners and operators to implement a
leak detection and repair (LDAR) program, including various work
practice and equipment standards. The subpart H standards are
applicable to equipment in volatile HAP service for 300 or more hours
per year (hr/yr). The standards define ``in volatile HAP service'' as
being in contact with or containing process fluid that contains a total
of 5 percent or more total HAP. Equipment subject to the standards are:
valves, pumps, compressors, connectors, pressure relief devices, open-
ended
[[Page 48216]]
valves or lines, sampling connection systems, instrumentation systems,
agitators, and closed-vent systems and control devices.
A few differences to the subpart H standards are contained in the
final rule. These differences include: exempting indications of liquids
dripping from bleed ports on pumps and agitators at facilities
producing polystyrene resins from the definition of a leak; not
requiring the submittal of an Initial Notification; and allowing 150
days, rather than 90 days, to submit the Notification of Compliance
Status. In addition, PET facilities are not required to provide a list
of identification numbers for components in heavy liquid service,
pressure relief devices in liquid service, and instrumentation systems.
The final rule also clarifies that for these components the presence of
a leak is to be determined exclusively through the use of visual,
audible, olfactory, or any other detection methods, but that Method 21
is not to be used. Finally, bottoms receivers and surge control vessels
are not regulated under the equipment leak provisions, but instead are
regulated as storage vessels.
Affected sources subject to this rule currently complying with the
NESHAP for Certain Processes Subject to the Negotiated Regulation for
Equipment Leaks [40 CFR part 63, subpart I] or with the equipment leak
provisions in Sec. 60.562-2 of 40 CFR part 60, subpart DDD, are
required to continue to comply with subpart I or subpart DDD, as
applicable, until the compliance date of the final rule, at which point
in time they must comply with this rule and are no longer subject to
subpart I and subpart DDD. Further, affected sources complying with
subpart I through a quality improvement program are allowed to continue
these programs without interruption as part of complying with this
rule. In other words, becoming subject to this rule does not restart or
reset the ``compliance clock'' as it relates to reduced burden earned
through a quality improvement program.
G. Emissions Averaging Provisions
The EPA is allowing emissions averaging among continuous process
vents, batch process vents, aggregate batch vent streams, storage
vessels, and wastewater streams, within an existing affected source.
New affected sources are not allowed to use emissions averaging.
Emissions averaging is not allowed between subcategories; it is only
allowed between emission points within the same affected source. Under
emissions averaging, a system of ``credits'' and ``debits'' is used to
determine whether an affected source is achieving the required emission
reductions. Twenty emission points per plant site are allowed in the
emissions averaging plan submitted for the plant site, with an
additional 5 emission points allowed if pollution prevention measures
are used.
H. Compliance and Performance Test Provisions and Monitoring
Requirements
Compliance and performance test provisions and monitoring
requirements contained in the standards are very similar to those found
in the HON. Each type of emission point included in the standards is
discussed briefly in the following paragraphs. Significant differences
from the continuous parameter monitoring requirements found in the HON
are discussed in Section 8.
1. Storage Vessels
Monitoring and compliance provisions for storage vessel
improvements include periodic visual inspections of vessels, roof
seals, and fittings, as well as internal inspections. If a control
device is used, the owner or operator must identify the appropriate
monitoring procedures to be followed in order to demonstrate
compliance. Monitoring parameters and procedures for many of the
control devices likely to be used are identified in the standards.
Reports and records of inspections, repairs, and other information
necessary to determine compliance are also required by the standards.
2. Continuous Process Vents
The standards for continuous process vents require the owner or
operator to either calculate a TRE index value to determine the group
status of each continuous process vent or to comply with the control
requirements. The TRE index value is determined after the last recovery
device in the process or prior to venting to the atmosphere. The TRE
calculation involves an emissions test or engineering assessment and
use of the TRE equations specified in the standards.
Performance test provisions are included for Group 1 continuous
process vents to verify that control or recovery devices achieve the
required performance. Monitoring provisions necessary to demonstrate
compliance are also included in the standards.
Compliance provisions for continuous process vents at polystyrene
and PET affected sources are included in the standards. For owners or
operators electing to comply with a kilogram organic HAP per megagram
of product emission limit, procedures to demonstrate compliance are
provided.
3. Batch Process Vents
Similar to the provisions for continuous process vents, there is a
procedure for determining the group status of batch process vents. This
procedure is based on annual emissions and annual average flow rate of
the batch process vent. Equations for estimating and procedures for
measuring annual emissions and annual average flow rates are provided
in the standards. The use of engineering assessment is also allowed
under certain circumstances.
Performance test provisions are included for Group 1 batch process
vents to verify that control devices achieve the required performance.
Monitoring provisions necessary to demonstrate compliance are also
included in the standard.
For Group 2 batch process vents, the standard requires owners and
operators to establish a batch cycle limitation. The batch cycle
limitation restricts the number and type of batch cycles that can be
accomplished per year. This enforceable limitation ensures that a Group
2 batch process vent does not become a Group 1 batch process vent as a
result of running more batch cycles than anticipated when the group
determination was made. The determination of the batch cycle limitation
is not tied to any previous production amounts. As affected source may
set the batch cycle limitation at any level it desires as long as the
batch process vent remains a Group 2 batch process vent. Alternatively,
an owner or operator may declare any Group 2 batch process vent to be a
Group 1 batch process vent. In such cases, control of the batch process
vent is required.
Procedures are included in the standards to demonstrate compliance
with the requirement to reduce overall process vent emissions (i.e.,
continuous and batch process vents) by 84 percent for new SAN affected
sources using a batch process.
4. Heat Exchange Systems
Monitoring of cooling water is required to detect leaks in heat
exchange systems. If a leak is detected, the heat exchange system must
be repaired.
5. Process Contact Cooling Towers
Owners and operators of new affected sources manufacturing PET are
prohibited from sending contact condenser effluent associated with a
vacuum system to a process contact
[[Page 48217]]
cooling tower. Owners and operators of existing PET affected sources
using a TPA continuous high viscosity multiple end finisher process are
required to monitor ethylene glycol concentration in the cooling tower
water and to ensure that the levels do not exceed 4 percent by weight.
Procedures for sampling cooling tower water and measuring the ethylene
glycol concentration are included in the standards.
6. Wastewater
For demonstrating compliance with the various requirements, the
standards allow the owners or operators to either conduct performance
tests or to document compliance using engineering calculations.
Appropriate compliance and monitoring provisions are included in the
standards.
7. Equipment Leaks
Except for certain components at PET affected sources, the final
rule retains the use of Method 21 to detect leaks. Method 21 requires a
portable organic vapor analyzer to monitor for leaks from equipment in
use. A ``leak'' is a concentration specified in the regulation for the
type of equipment being monitored and is based on the instrument
response to methane (i.e., the calibration gas) in air. The rule allows
the use of engineering assessment to determine that equipment is not in
organic HAP service. If there is disagreement between an owner or
operator and the Administrator, the rule specifies that Method 18 or
Method 25A be used to determine the organic HAP or total organic
compounds (TOC) content of a process stream. To test for leaks in a
batch system, test procedures using either a gas or a liquid for
pressure testing the batch system are specified.
8. Continuous Parameter Monitoring
The final standards require owners or operators to establish
parameter monitoring levels. The standards provide the owner or
operator the flexibility to establish the levels based on site-specific
information. Site-specific levels can best accommodate variation in
emission point characteristics and control device designs. Three
procedures for establishing these levels are provided in the final
standards. They are based on performance tests; performance tests,
engineering assessments, and/or manufacturer's recommendations; and
engineering assessments and/or manufacturer's recommendations. While
the establishment of a level based solely on performance tests is
preapproved by the Administrator, values determined using the last two
procedures, which may or may not use the results of performance tests,
must be approved by the Administrator for each individual case.
The final standards require the availability of at least 75 percent
of monitoring data to constitute a valid days worth of data for
continuous and batch process vents. Failure to have a valid day's worth
of monitoring data is considered an excursion. The criteria for
determining a valid day's or hour's worth of data are provided in the
standards.
A certain number of excused excursions have been allowed in the
final standards; these provisions are the same as the provisions in the
HON. The standards allow a maximum of 6 excused excursions for the
first semiannual reporting period, decreasing by 1 excursion each
semiannual reporting period. Starting with the sixth semiannual
reporting period (i.e., the end of the third year of compliance) and
thereafter, one excused excursion is allowed each semiannual reporting
period. As is always the case, a State has the discretion to impose
more stringent requirements than the requirements of NESHAP and other
federal requirements and could choose not to allow the excused
excursion provisions contained in these standards.
I. Recordkeeping and Reporting Provisions
The standards require owners or operators of affected sources to
maintain required records and reports for a period of at least 5 years.
The final standards require that the following reports be submitted, as
applicable: (1) Precompliance Report, (2) Emissions Averaging Plan, (3)
Notification of Compliance Status, (4) Periodic Reports, and (5) other
reports (e.g., notifications of storage vessel internal inspections).
Specific recordkeeping and reporting requirements are specified in
each section that addresses an individual emission point (e.g., 63.1321
for batch process vents). The recordkeeping and reporting provisions
related to the affected source as a whole (e.g., Notification of
Compliance Status) are found in Sec. 63.1335. Requirements found in an
individual emission point section and the requirements in Sec. 63.1335
are complementary. For example, Sec. 63.1326 requires an owner or
operator to record the batch cycle limitation for each Group 2 batch
process vent. Sec. 63.1327 goes on to require the owner or operator to
submit this information in the Notification of Compliance Status, as
specified in Sec. 63.1335. Finally, Sec. 63.1335 requires submittal of
the information specified in Sec. 63.1327.
IV. Summary of Impacts
This section presents impacts resulting from the control of organic
HAP emissions under these standards. Because many organic HAP are also
VOC, a reduction in VOC emissions will also result from controls
imposed by the standards. The standards are estimated to reduce organic
HAP emissions from all existing affected sources by 3,520 Mg/yr from a
baseline level of 18,120 Mg/yr. For new affected sources, the standards
are estimated to reduce organic HAP emissions by 6,870 Mg/yr from a
baseline level of 11,610 Mg/yr. At baseline, the EPA found that many
affected sources already had some controls in place. These standards
generally achieve an emission reduction by meeting the MACT floor level
of control. [Note: Costs and other impacts are not considered when the
selected standard is based on the MACT floor.] In some cases, these
standards achieve additional emission reduction, beyond the floor, that
was determined to be cost effective.
Under the final standards, energy use is expected to increase by
approximately 29,800 barrels of oil per year for existing affected
sources and 43,600 barrels of oil per year for new affected sources.
The emissions of secondary air pollutants associated with this energy
increase are 70 Mg/yr for existing affected sources and 80 Mg/yr for
new affected sources. At the same time, energy credits attributable to
the prevention of organic HAP emissions from equipment leaks are
approximately 7,000 barrels of oil per year for existing affected
sources and 3,800 barrels of oil per year for new affected sources.
This results in a net increase in energy usage equivalent to
approximately 22,500 barrels of oil per year for existing affected
sources and 39,700 barrels of oil per year for new affected sources.
These figures are related to the control of process vents,
wastewater operations, and equipment leaks. Energy impacts related to
storage vessels were not estimated because many storage vessels would
be controlled through the use of internal floating roofs which do not
have any associated energy impacts. Data are not available for the EPA
to estimate energy impacts for the elimination of emissions from
process contact cooling towers for new PET affected sources or the
control of ethylene glycol concentration in the process contact cooling
tower water for existing PET affected sources using a continuous TPA
high viscosity multiple end finisher process.
[[Page 48218]]
Cost impacts include the capital costs of new control equipment,
the cost of energy (i.e., supplemental fuel, steam, and electricity)
required to operate control equipment, operation and maintenance costs,
and the cost savings generated by reducing the loss of valuable product
in the form of emissions. Also, cost impacts include the costs of
monitoring, recordkeeping, and reporting associated with the standards.
Under the standards, it is estimated that total capital costs for
existing affected sources would be $10.7 million (1989 dollars), and
total annual costs would be $3.3 million (1989 dollars) per year. Total
capital costs for new affected sources would be $6.5 million (1989
dollars), and total annual costs would generate a savings of $5.2
million (1989 dollars) per year. It is expected that the actual
compliance cost impacts of the standard would be less than presented
because of the potential to use common control devices, upgrade
existing control devices, use other less expensive control
technologies, implement pollution prevention technologies, or use
emissions averaging. Because the effect of such practices is highly
site-specific and data were unavailable to estimate how often the lower
cost compliance practices would be utilized, it is not possible to
quantify the amount by which actual compliance costs would be reduced.
The economic impact analysis for the selected regulatory
alternatives at proposal showed that the estimated price increases for
the affected chemicals ranged from 0.1 percent for nitrile to 2.8
percent for SAN. Estimated decreases in output ranged from 0.1 percent
for polystyrene to 4.6 percent for SAN. Net annual exports (i.e.,
exports minus imports) were predicted to decrease by an average of 2.5
percent. These impacts were judged, at proposal, to be acceptable.
Because estimated costs of the final standards have decreased, the
economic impacts determined at proposal will decrease as well.
Therefore, the EPA finds the economic impacts associated with the final
standards are less than at proposal and are judged to be acceptable.
V. Significant Comments and Changes to the Proposed Standards
In response to comments received on the proposed standards, changes
have been made to the final standards. While several of these changes
are clarifications designed to make the EPA's intent clearer, a number
of them are significant changes to the requirements of the proposed
standards. A summary of the substantive comments and/or changes made
since the proposal are described in the following sections. The
rationale for these changes and detailed responses to public comments
are included in the Basis and Purpose Document for the Final Standards
[EPA-453/R-96-001b; May 1996]. Additional information on the final
standards is contained in the docket for this rulemaking (see ADDRESSES
section of this preamble).
A. Applicability Provisions and Definitions
1. Designation of Affected Source and the Definition of TPPU
Commenters expressed confusion about the definitions of ``affected
source'' and ``TPPU'' in the proposed standards. The EPA reviewed both
definitions and agreed that they needed clarification. In response, the
EPA has revised the language describing ``affected source'' and
``TPPU'' for the final standards.
The definition of ``affected source'' included in Sec. 63.502 of
the proposed standards was revised and the definition now references
Sec. 63.1310(a) of the final rule, and Sec. 63.1310(a) describes the
affected source. The provisions in Sec. 63.1310(a), which at proposal
were in Sec. 63.500(a) and defined applicability in terms of the
existence of one or more TPPUs, have been revised to define
applicability in terms of the affected source. As part of this
revision, the provisions in proposed Sec. 63.500(b), which described
the affected source, were removed. [Note: In the proposed standards,
the definition of TPPU attempted to describe all the equipment and
operations that would be included in an affected source. In the final
standards, the description of what the affected source includes is
contained in Sec. 63.1310(a).]
As discussed in section II, an existing affected source is defined
as each group of one or more TPPUs that manufacture the same
thermoplastic product as their primary product, and (1) are located at
a major source plant site, (2) are not exempt, and (3) are not part of
a new affected source. A new affected source can be a single TPPU
located at major source plant site or a group of TPPUs that manufacture
the same thermoplastic product as their primary product at a major
source plant site. The situations when a new affected source are
created are discussed under A.3 of this section.
The affected source also includes the following emission points and
equipment that are associated with each group of TPPU: (1) each
wastewater stream; (2) each wastewater operation; (3) each heat
exchange system; (4) each process contact cooling tower used in the
manufacture of PET that is associated with a new affected source; and
(5) each process contact cooling tower used in the manufacture of PET
using a continuous terephthalic acid high viscosity multiple end
finisher process that is associated with an existing affected source.
For the final standards, the number of existing affected sources
present at a plant site will equal the number of thermoplastic products
manufactured at that plant site. A plant site manufacturing 3 different
thermoplastic products has 3 existing affected sources.
Note: Each different thermoplastic product represents a
different subcategory, and each subcategory comprises a separate
existing affected source.
The number of existing affected sources at a plant site could range
from 1 to 19.
The definition of TPPU was revised and now includes a list of the
collection of equipment that comprises a TPPU. This equipment includes
process vents from process vessels, storage vessels, and equipment
subject to the equipment leaks provisions. Because wastewater streams,
wastewater operations, heat exchange systems, and process contact
cooling towers are equipment that are often used by more than one TPPU,
these items are not included as part of the definition of TPPU.
Instead, said items are included in the definition of affected source.
Because the portion of each wastewater stream attributable to an
individual TPPU can be determined, each wastewater stream can be
associated with an affected source. On the other hand, wastewater
operations may service wastewater streams associated with more than one
affected source, just as heat exchange systems and PET process contact
cooling towers could service multiple affected sources. Therefore, for
wastewater operations, heat exchange systems, and PET process contact
cooling towers, the final rule requires that said emission points and
equipment are subject to all applicable requirements associated with
each affected source that said emission points and equipment may
service. In a simple example, a heat exchange system is associated with
two affected sources that are both subject to the final rule. The owner
or operator must comply with the provisions for heat exchange systems
contained in the final rule. In a more complex example, a piece of
wastewater operations equipment services wastewater streams from two
affected sources subject to the final rule and from one source subject
to the HON.
[[Page 48219]]
This piece of wastewater operations equipment must comply with both the
final rule and the HON.
2. Definition of Organic HAP
Numerous commenters recommended that the EPA restrict the list of
organic HAP in the final standards to those that are used or are
present in significant quantities at TPPUs or those that are listed in
the HON, subpart F. Table 2. The EPA agreed with the commenters
suggestion that a table providing a listing of the specific organic HAP
expected to be regulated for each subcategory covered by the standards
should be added to the final standards. Therefore, the definition of
organic HAP was revised to specify those organic HAP that are known to
be used or present in significant quantities for each subcategory,
thereby restricting the organic HAP regulated by the final standards.
This list is provided in Table 2 of the final standards.
The revised definition of organic HAP was developed using available
process description information received from industry and gathered
from available literature. Because there may be additional organic HAP
present at an affected source, the final standards require owners or
operators to identify the presence of any additional organic HAP based
on the following criteria: (1) the organic HAP is knowingly introduced
into the manufacturing process other than as an impurity, or has been
or will be reported under any Federal or State program, such as Title V
or the Emergency Planning and Community Right-To-Know Act (EPCRA)
Section 311, 312, or 313; and (2) the organic HAP is listed in Table 2
of subpart F.
3. Determining New Source Status
The EPA received comments regarding the procedure for determining
if new or existing source requirements would apply to a particular
TPPU. In response to those comments, the EPA has revised the provisions
in the final standards.
Under the final standards, new affected sources are created under
each of the following four situations: (1) if a plant site with an
existing affected source producing a thermoplastic product as its
primary product constructs a new TPPU also producing the same
thermoplastic product as its primary product, the new TPPU is a new
affected source if the new TPPU has the potential to emit more than 10
tons per year of a single HAP or 25 tons per year of all HAP; (2) when
a TPPU is constructed at a major source plant site where the
thermoplastic product was not previously produced as the primary
product of an existing affected source; (3) if a new TPPU is
constructed at a new plant site (i.e., green field site) that will be a
major source; and (4) when an existing affected source undergoes
reconstruction, thus making the previously existing affected source
subject to new source standards.
These revisions reflect the EPA's intent that new source
requirements apply if the added TPPU has the potential to emit major
quantities, as in the HON, or the added TPPU is a new affected source.
The HON applied to only one source category, and it was not possible to
add a process unit subject to the HON that was in a new source
category. Therefore, the only differentiation to be made under the HON
was between process units emitting major quantities of organic HAP and
those not emitting major quantities of organic HAP. On the other hand,
the thermoplastics standards apply to multiple source categories/
subcategories, and it is possible to add a TPPU subject to the
thermoplastics standards that is in a new source category/subcategory.
For this reason, if a TPPU is added to an existing plant site and said
TPPU manufactures a thermoplastic product as its primary product not
previously produced at the plant site as the primary product of an
existing affected source, that TPPU, regardless of emissions, is a new
affected source at that plant site.
4. Solid State PET Processes
Commenters contended that all PET solid state polymerization units,
including collocated units, should be exempted from regulation. They
stated that PET solid state polymerization units are a vastly different
technology than DMT and TPA processes and have different emission
characteristics. The EPA has concluded that PET solid state processes
are distinct from DMT or TPA processes. The EPA did not collect data on
PET solid state processes, and it was not possible to conduct the
required analyses for regulating PET solid state processes. Therefore,
the final standards do not regulate these processes. However, these
processes may be regulated in a future standard.
5. Flexible Operation Units
The flexible operation unit provisions included in the proposed
standards, which were modelled after the HON, have been retained in the
final standards. Under these provisions, an owner or operator of a
process unit that is designed and operated as a flexible operation unit
will commit to being subject to this rule or not being subject to this
rule based on a five-year projection of products to be manufactured and
production quantities.
These provisions were modified to provide clarification of the
EPA's intent and flexibility in complying with the provisions. Under
the final rule, once an owner or operator commits to being subject to
this rule, there are two options for complying. Under the first option,
an owner or operator shall determine the group status (i.e., Group 1 or
Group 2) of each emission point based on the production of the expected
primary product (i.e., the thermoplastic product that convinced the
owner or operator to commit to being subject to this rule). Once the
group status of each emission point is determined, the owner or
operator shall comply with the applicable emission standards for the
primary product at all times, regardless of what product is being
manufactured. Under the second option, an owner or operator shall
determine the group status of each emission point each time a different
product is being manufactured, regardless of whether or not said
product is a thermoplastic product. Then, for each Group 1 emission
point, the owner or operator shall comply with the applicable standards
for the primary product. The EPA recognizes that neither option is an
ideal situation. Under the first option, an owner or operator may find
themselves operating a control device to control a Group 1 emission
point that has none to negligible emissions when a different product is
being manufactured. Under the second option, an owner or operator may
find themselves performing multiple group determinations. Again, the
EPA recognizes that neither option is an ideal situation, but believes
the tradeoff between these inconveniences and flipping in and out of
separate MACT standards is worthwhile.
As part of demonstrating compliance with the rule, an owner or
operator required to operate a control device must establish parameter
monitoring levels and conduct monitoring. Under either compliance
option discussed above an owner or operator must establish parameter
monitoring levels to reflect the manufacture of different products.
These provisions allow an owner or operator to demonstrate that the
parameter monitoring levels established for the primary product are
appropriate for the manufacture of other products. If this is not the
case, the provisions require that unique parameter monitoring levels be
established.
[[Page 48220]]
6. Coordination With Other Clean Air Act Requirements
At proposal, the EPA has proposed to amend subpart DDD of 40 CFR
part 60 by removing all references to polystyrene and PET facilities.
This action was being taken because the proposed thermoplastics
standards would supersede the requirements in subpart DDD for
polystyrene and PET affected sources after the compliance date of the
thermoplastics standards. Commenters also suggested that subpart I of
40 CFR part 63 be amended by removing all references to MBS and MABS
affected sources after the compliance date of the thermoplastics
standards. Other commenters requested that the EPA further clarify that
after the compliance date of the thermoplastics standards, affected
sources will no longer be subject to certain NSPS.
The EPA clarified the relationship between the thermoplastics
standards and existing applicable standards in Sec. 63.1311 of the
final rule. The final rule was revised to state that affected sources
subject to both the thermoplastics standards and another subpart are to
comply with the provisions of the thermoplastic standards only after
the compliance date for the thermoplastic standards, for those
standards listed in Sec. 63.1311 (g) through (l) of the final rule.
Further, after the compliance date for these standards, these affected
sources will no longer be subject to the other subparts. The EPA
determined that a clear understanding can be provided in these
standards without making modifications to other subparts. Thus, the
proposed amendments to subpart DDD were not made as part of the final
rulemaking, nor were the suggested amendments made to subpart I. For
subpart DDD, the language in the final rule is more specific than for
the other subparts. Because subpart DDD regulates multiple emission
points (i.e., process vents, equipment leaks, and process contact
cooling towers), the EPA needed to consider if it was desired or
necessary to continue requiring portions of subpart DDD to apply. In
fact, it is necessary to leave the provisions for controlling the
ethylene glycol concentration in process contact cooling towers for the
PET TPA continuous high viscosity multiple end finisher subcategory
intact. This is because the provisions in the thermoplastics rule for
the degree of control required for emissions from process contact
cooling towers for this subcategory depend on whether or not an
existing affected source is subject or becomes subject to subpart DDD
for this emission point.
B. Continuous Process Vent Provisions
1. Reorganization of the Standards To Distinguish Between Continuous
Process Vents Subject to Provisions From the HON and Continuous Process
Vents Subject to Provisions Adapted From the Polymer Manufacturing NSPS
To better distinguish between the various requirements for
continuous process vents, the proposed standards were reorganized. In
the final standards, separate sections of the rule apply to the
following subcategories: those required to comply with subpart G of the
HON and those producing PET or polystyrene using a continuous process.
In the final standards, Sec. 63.1315 references subpart G; Sec. 63.1316
through Sec. 63.1320 apply to select continuous process vents at
affected sources producing polystyrene and PET using a continuous
process. Further, because not all process vents at affected sources
producing polystyrene and PET using a continuous process are subject to
Sec. 63.1316 through Sec. 63.1320, the provisions of Sec. 63.1316
designate which process vents are subject to Sec. 63.1316 through
Sec. 63.1320, which are subject to Sec. 63.1315 (i.e., the HON), and
which are subject to Sec. 63.1321 (i.e., the batch process vent
provisions). This reorganization is one way the EPA changed the
standards to reduce complexity and eliminate potential confusion.
2. Applicability of the Polymer Manufacturing NSPS Adapted Provisions
to the Collection of Process Sections at an Affected Source
Commenters stated that the regulatory construction of the proposed
standards implied that the process vent emission limits adapted from
the Polymer Manufacturing NSPS [proposed Sec. 63.505 (b) and (c)] apply
to each collection of material recovery sections, raw material
preparation sections, and polymerization sections, respectively, within
an affected source and not to each individual process section (e.g.,
material recovery section), as under the Polymer Manufacturing NSPS.
At proposal, the EPA has intended for each individual process
section to meet the emission limits in proposed Sec. 63.505 (b) and
(c), as applicable. However, since proposal, the EPA has determined
that revising the proposed standards to allow each collection of
process sections within an affected source to meet the applicable
emission limit would simplify compliance while achieving the same
emission reductions. Therefore, the final standards apply the emission
limits adapted from the Polymer Manufacturing NSPS to each collection
of material recovery sections, raw material preparation sections, or
polymerization reaction sections, as appropriate, within an affected
source.
3. Clarification of Compliance Demonstration Provisions for Final
Condenser Temperature Limits
Commenters suggested modifying the provisions adapted from the
Polymer Manufacturing NSPS that provide for a demonstration of
compliance by limiting the final condenser outlet temperature.
Commenters explained that the reporting provisions in the Polymer
Manufacturing NSPS state that the temperature limit is only exceeded
when the average condenser outlet temperature for a 3-hour period is
more than 6 deg.C above (i.e., warmer) the average operating
temperature established during the most recent performance test at
which compliance was demonstrated. Commenters requested that the final
standards incorporate those monitoring, test method, and recordkeeping
and reporting requirements from the Polymer Manufacturing NSPS that
provide this flexibility (i.e, the six degree window).
The EPA intended for the proposed standards to be equivalent to the
Polymer Manufacturing NSPS in this regard and have revised the final
standards to provide the desired flexibility (i.e., the six degree
window). In addition, the EPA has disassociated the six degree window
from the results of the performance test and has instead associated it
with the applicable temperature limit in the standard. The final
standards allow all owners or operators complying with the final
condenser operating temperature limits to be 6 deg.C warmer than the
applicable temperature limit for the 3-hour averages. The EPA
considered that the proposed provisions did not achieve an even-handed
implementation of the requirements because some affected sources would
be allowed to have 3-hour averages at warmer temperatures than others
because their performance test results indicated a temperature closer
to the applicable temperature limit.
C. Batch Process Vent Provisions
1. Exemption of Certain Batch Process Vents
Commenters supported the use of cutoffs for the group status
determination for batch process vents as found in proposed Sec. 63.506-
2(d). Specifically, commenters agreed that low annual organic HAP
emissions and low flow rate cutoffs are suitable. Commenters explained
that batch
[[Page 48221]]
processes are, by nature, suited to low volume production and the
manufacture of specialty products, and as such, low flow, low emitting
process vents are likely in batch operations.
These provisions were retained in the final rule with one
exception. The EPA removed the requirement to determine the volatility
class (i.e., low, medium, or high) for batch process vents. As a
result, there is a single minimum emission level cutoff in the final
provisions of Sec. 63.1323(d). In addition, the EPA chose to add a
minimum emission level of 225 kilograms per year (kg/yr) to the
definition of batch process vent. This modification made the batch
process vent more consistent with the continuous process vent
provisions which have a minimum organic HAP concentration level as part
of the definition of continuous process vent. An emission point with
emissions equal to or less than 225 kg/yr is not considered a batch
process vent. At proposal, the 225 kg/yr level was part of the batch
process vent group determination procedures; Group 2 batch process
vents with annual emissions less than 225 kg/yr were subject to
reporting requirements related to process changes.
2. Revisions to Group Determination Procedures
Commenters suggested changing the group determination provisions to
only utilize emissions data from a TPPU's primary product. In addition,
it was requested that batch process vent group determinations be
performed on an annual basis instead of for every process change.
Commenters stated that the proposed group determination provisions were
considerably more complex than the continuous process vent group
determination provisions. Commenters felt that, not only did the batch
process vent group determination provisions require an owner or
operator to obtain emissions data for every product that it
manufactured, but even the most minor process changes (i.e.,
lengthening cycle times, altering process temperatures and pressures,
etc.) triggered the need for a new group determination to be performed.
Given the inherent process variability associated with batch
operations, commenters contended that it would be very difficult to
perform a group determination. Furthermore, because batch units often
need to implement sudden process changes in response to customer
demands, the proposed provisions could potentially require repeating
the group determination exercise several times in a single year.
Commenters explained that such a situation would not only serve to
complicate a batch unit's compliance status, but could also adversely
impact its ability to remain competitive in the marketplace.
Four issues related to the group determination procedures were
reviewed by the EPA: (1) a request to perform the group determination
on the primary product, (2) a request to perform the group
determination on an annual basis, (3) an objection that the group
determination procedures require a new group determination to be made
whenever minor process changes occur, and (4) an objection to the
requirement to perform the group determination when a sudden process
change is required.
The EPA has considered the request to perform the group
determination on the primary product and agrees that this would provide
acceptable results from an environmental perspective while simplifying
the compliance requirements for and improving the enforceability of the
batch process vent standards. The final rule contains provisions
allowing the owner or operator of an affected source to perform the
group determination for batch process vents based on annualized
production of a single product. To ensure protection to the
environment, the final rule specifies that the highest organic HAP
emitting product must be used when determining the group status based
on a single product.
In addressing the request that the group determination be required
on an annual basis instead of for every process change, the EPA
believes the proposed rule was clear on this point. The proposed rule
required that emissions and average flow rate be determined on an
annual basis and describe how to account for the production of
different products throughout the year. In this way, the group
determination is done on an annual basis and can account for expected
changes in the product being produced. The final rule does not reflect
any changes related to this specific issue.
The third issue raised was an objection to the requirement that a
new group determination be performed whenever minor process changes
occur (e.g., lengthening cycle times, altering process temperatures and
pressures, etc.). The proposed rule addressed the issue of minor
process changes as they affect Group 2 batch process vents. If a
process change affecting a Group 2 batch process vent occurs, a group
determination must be made. However, the group determination provisions
state that ``changes that are within the range on which the original
group determination was based'' are not considered process changes.
This allows an owner or operator to perform the initial group
determination considering the potential for minor process changes. The
EPA believes that the proposed provisions were clear that minor process
changes (i.e., variations in operating conditions) do not require that
a new group determination be performed. Addressing this concern as it
relates to Group 1 batch process vents, the proposed provisions do not
require a redetermination of group status for Group 1 batch process
vents under any circumstances. Therefore, if minor process changes were
to occur, the owner or operator would not be required to perform
another group determination. The final rule does not reflect any
changes related to this specific issue.
The fourth issue raised was an objection to the requirement to
perform a new group determination when a sudden process change is
required. In light of the third issue raised, EPA interpreted ``sudden
process change'' to potentially mean (1) that a new product is being
made, (2) that the same product is being made in a fundamentally
different way (e.g., with different raw materials), or (3) that the
same mix of products is being made but in a different proportion. In
the first two cases, the EPA desires and intends that a new group
determination be made. In the third case, the owner or operator has the
flexibility to consider this situation when performing the initial
group determination. If this situation was not considered, then a new
group determination would be required. The EPA feels that these types
of process changes warrant a new group determination to ensure that the
emission standards are being met. The final rule does not reflect any
changes related to this specific issue.
3. Emissions Testing and Performance Testing
Commenters requested that more flexibility should be allowed in
designing an emissions testing scheme for batch process vents.
Commenters cited an example, provided as part of the proposed
definition of batch emission episode, where the charging of a vessel
and the heating of the same vessel are considered two distinct batch
emission episodes. In this example, the definition of batch emission
episode would necessitate that separate emissions measurements be made
for the charging and the heating of the vessel. This would require that
a large number of samples be taken to characterize processes that have
[[Page 48222]]
multiple, short duration process steps. Commenters felt that the
flexibility to test the emissions from several steps as a single batch
emission episode would reduce testing costs without jeopardizing the
quality of the emissions data. It was suggested that three or more
batch cycles could be tested to obtain a representative average
emission rate for the batch cycle.
After consideration of this comment, the EPA chose to leave the
provisions related to emissions testing of batch process vents
unchanged as they relate to this specific comment. The EPA felt
adequate data were not presented to warrant changing these provisions.
However, the emissions testing provisions in Sec. 63.1323(b) and
Sec. 63.1325(c) have been modified to provide flexibility and reduce
the burden of testing, while continuing to ensure that results are
satisfactory for applicability determinations and performance tests.
The final provisions allow an owner or operator to test just a portion
of the batch emission episode selected to be controlled when the owner
or operator can demonstrate that emissions during the period to be
tested represent emissions for the entire batch emission episode or are
greater than the average emission rate for the batch emission episode.
4. Flow Rate Estimation Procedures
Commenters asserted that the equations and test methods for
calculating annual average flow rate in the proposed rule were not
warranted. Commenters felt that the volumetric flow rate testing
methods and the requirement to measure flow every 15 minutes specified
in proposed Sec. 63.506-2(e) were overly burdensome and would not
always provide representative measurements. It was suggested that
average flow rates for a batch emission episode are better defined by
calculations of displacement volumes with respect to the durations of
the displacement episodes or by other more simplified methods.
The EPA agrees that there are more simplified and potentially more
accurate techniques for estimating flow rate for batch process vents.
The final rule contains provisions that allow engineering assessment,
as well as testing, to be used for estimating flow rate.
5. Emissions Estimation Procedures
Commenters recommended removing the emissions estimation equations
in proposed Sec. 63.506-2(b) from the rule. Commenters recommended that
measurements or engineering estimates be allowed in place of the
equations. It was felt the emissions estimation equations would not
allow the flexibility necessary to account for differences in process
technologies and operating methods.
Commenters also supported the provisions that allowed owners or
operators to use direct measurement or engineering assessment to
estimate emissions in cases where the emissions estimation equations
are inappropriate for a particular type of operation or where, speaking
to direct measurement, a more refined estimate of emissions is
necessary. However, commenters objected to the requirement to
demonstrate that the emissions estimation equations and direct
measurement methods are not appropriate before engineering assessment
can be used.
In response to the first issue raised, the emissions estimation
equations have been retained in the final rule. The EPA found noting in
the public comments that would warrant removing these procedures.
In response to the second issue, the EPA believes the data required
to use the emissions estimation equations should be obtainable with
reasonable effort. Further, specific comments regarding the inaccuracy
or inappropriateness of the equations were not made. Given this, the
EPA favors a more consistent estimation technique which is provided by
the use of the emissions estimation equations, and the final rule
requires the owner or operator to demonstrate that the emissions
estimation equations are inappropriate before the use of engineering
assessment is allowed.
However, independent of the comments provided, the EPA has
concluded that direct measurement of emissions may prove to be
difficult and may or may not provide an increased assurance of accuracy
over the use of engineering assessment. Therefore, if an owner or
operator can demonstrate that the emissions estimation equations are
not appropriate, the final provisions allow the use of either direct
measurement or engineering assessment.
6. Other Changes Resulting From EPA Review
In addition to changes made to the proposed rule as a result of
public comment, changes were made as a result of EPA independently
reviewing the rule between proposal and promulgation. Because the batch
process vent provisions included in the rule are among the EPA's first
attempts to regulate batch process vents, the EPA felt an ongoing,
independent review of these provisions after proposal was warranted.
Changes resulting from this review are listed below:
(1) Allow applicability determinations and compliance
demonstrations (i.e., performance tests) to be based on TOC or organic
HAP. Allow the use of Method 25A to compliment the use of TOC as a
potential basis for applicability determinations and compliance
demonstrations.
(2) Allow the establishment of parameter monitoring levels to be
based on performance tests or a combination of performance tests and
engineering assessment (discussed in more depth in Section H,
Monitoring). To accommodate this change, modifications to the batch
process vent testing provisions were required.
(3) Add provisions specifying how the batch cycle limitation is to
be determined.
(4) Change the reporting requirement for batch cycle limitation
records from quarterly to annually.
These changes are discussed in the paragraphs below.
In the final rule, the EPA has allowed the use of TOC as the basis
for applicability and compliance demonstrations (i.e., performance
tests) as an alternative to organic HAP. The EPA has done this to
provide flexibility to the regulated community and to reduce the
overall burden of the rule. The EPA considered the impacts of allowing
TOC to serve as a surrogate for organic HAP in applicability and
compliance demonstrations and did not find any negative impacts.
Further, allowing the use of Method 25A as a complement to the use of
TOC as a surrogate to organic HAP reduces the burden of implementing
the final rule with little to no adverse impact on the measurement of
pollutants in the regulated batch process vents. To the best of the
EPA's knowledge, the batch process vents regulated by this rule are
predominantly organic HAP. Also, with one exception (i.e., ethylene
glycol), the regulated organic HAP, which are listed in the definition
of organic HAP found in the final rule, have response factors to Method
25A adequate to ensure satisfactory measurement of TOC in the batch
process vents. For certain emission points where the EPA considered the
presence of ethylene glycol and its corresponding poor response factor
to call into question the results that would be obtained using Method
25A, the use of Method 25A is not allowed. For all other emission
points, the EPA has allowed the use of TOC for applicability and
compliance demonstrations as an alternative to organic HAP in the final
rule.
[[Page 48223]]
In the final rule, the EPA allows the establishment of parameter
monitoring levels to be based on either performance tests, as in the
proposed rule, or a combination of performance tests, engineering
assessment, and manufacturer's recommendations. This change affects all
emission points which are required to establish parameter monitoring
levels, including batch process vents. The rationale for this change is
discussed in detail in Section H, monitoring, of this document. For
batch process vents, this change in the procedures for establishing
parameter monitoring levels necessitated changes to the performance
test provisions. When an owner or operator chooses to establish
parameter monitoring levels based exclusively on performance tests, the
final rule directs that the performance test must include the entire
batch emission episode selected to be controlled. As discussed earlier,
an owner or operator may choose to control just a portion of a batch
emission episode; in such a scenario, the performance test must include
the entire portion of the batch emission episode selected to be
controlled. Alternatively, when an owner or operator chooses to
establish parameter monitoring levels based on a combination of
performance tests, engineering assessment, and manufacturer's
recommendations, the final rule allows an owner or operator to test
either the entire batch emission episode, or portion thereof, selected
to be controlled or to test only the entire batch emission episode, or
portion thereof, selected to be controlled.
Note: The flexibility to test a period of the batch emission
episode that is less than the entire batch emission episode, or
portion thereof, selected to be controlled is discussed earlier in
this section.
The final rule includes provisions specifying how the batch cycle
limitation, required for Group 2 batch process vents, is to be
established. The EPA felt that the proposed rule was ambiguous
concerning the establishment of the batch cycle limitation and added
these provisions to make the rule complete. The added provisions
provide additional description of the purpose of the batch cycle
limitation and describe what documentation is required as part of
establishing the batch cycle limitation.
In the final rule, the EPA changed the requirement for reporting
the number and type of batch cycles accomplished for a Group 2 batch
process vent from quarterly to annually. The EPA felt that quarterly
reporting was unwarranted given that the compliance requirement (i.e.,
the batch cycle limitation) was on an annual basis.
D. Wastewater Provisions
1. Steam Stripping Styrene-Containing Wastewater Streams
Numerous commenters claimed that the selection of steam stripping
as the basis of the standards for the treatment of styrene-containing
wastewater streams was inappropriate due to polymerization problems.
The EPA acknowledges that steam stripping styrene-containing
wastewaters may prove to be impractical in some cases due to issues
raised by the commenters. However, steam stripping is not required by
the standards. Both the proposed and final wastewater provisions
provide several options for complying with the standards. If the owner
or operator judges steam stripping to be impractical for their process,
one of the other wastewater compliance options may be used. The EPA
considers one of these compliance options, the use of enclosed sewers
to a biological treatment operation unit, a favorable option because
styrene is highly biodegradable. Further, because the organic HAP
emitted from the subcategories regulated by this rule are highly
biodegradable, the EPA has determined that it is not necessary to
require affected sources to demonstrate that 95 percent of the mass of
organic HAP listed in Table 9 of the HON are removed when using a
biological treatment unit, as required by the HON. Therefore, the final
thermoplastic rule does not require an owner or operator to make this
demonstration.
2. Elimination of Regulations Pertaining to Wastewater From Polystyrene
Affected Sources
In addition to considering the comments made concerning the
impracticality of steam stripping styrene-containing wastewaters, the
EPA evaluated the need to regulate wastewater from polystyrene affected
sources. Because the water solubility of styrene is limited to
approximately 300 ppm and styrene is the only known organic HAP emitted
during the production of polystyrene, it is not possible for a
wastewater stream that only contains styrene to meet the Group 1
applicability criteria (i.e., 1,000 ppm minimum concentration).
Therefore, because, to the best of EPA's knowledge, there can be no
Group 1 wastewater streams at a polystyrene affected source, the final
standards do not regulate wastewater from this subcategory.
E. Process Contact Cooling Tower Provisions
1. Ethylene Glycol Jet Retrofit for PET Existing Affected Sources
Commenters disagreed with the EPA's position that ethylene glycol
jets are the vacuum systems technology of choice for a retrofit
application and with the EPA determination that ethylene glycol jets
are cost effective. Commenters contended that the EPA had failed to
consider numerous costs factors and design considerations.
Note: While the proposed standards did not require the use of
ethylene glycol jets, they were the technology on which the
prohibition of process contact cooling towers was based.
Based on the data available at proposal, the costs and emission
reductions achievable through the use of ethylene glycol jets in
retrofit situations were acceptable. The EPA knew that the proposed
standards for ethylene glycol jets were based on limited data and
limited knowledge obtained from one manufacturer of PET. The EPA took
special effort to make this clear and to solicit comments on the
installation and operation of ethylene glycol jets in the preamble to
the proposed standards (see pages 16104 and 16107 of the preamble).
Based on the comments provided, the EPA agrees that ethylene glycol
jets are not a suitable retrofit technology for existing affected
sources, either technically or economically, for meeting the provisions
of the proposed standards that prohibit the use of process contact
cooling towers. These comments are presented and discussed in detail in
the Basis and Purpose Document for the Final Standards [EPA-453/R-96-
001b; May 1996].
As explained in chapter 6.0 of the Basis and Purpose Document for
the Final Standards [EPA-453/R-96-001b; May 1996], steam jet vacuum
systems can be used to create a vacuum on the process vessels, contact
condensers can be used to condense steam, and the contact condenser
effluent can be recirculated to the process contact cooling tower. In
the process contact cooling tower, stripping and drift may occur,
resulting in organic HAP emissions to the atmosphere. Volatilization of
organic HAP from the vacuum system may also occur. The following
paragraphs describe some of the public comments on this issue and the
EPA's responses.
Given that the EPA was convinced by the commenters' arguments that
ethylene glycol jets are not a suitable retrofit technology for
existing affected sources, the EPA considered alternate
[[Page 48224]]
options for controlling emissions from the vacuum system. Both volatile
organic HAP (VOHAP) and ethylene glycol are emitted from the vacuum
system, and the EPA chose to approach each of these emissions
separately.
To address VOHAP emissions from the vacuum system at existing
sources, the final standards treat the contact condenser effluent as
wastewater and apply the same provisions to it as are applied to
process wastewater. Contact condenser effluent is considered process
wastewater based on the proposed wastewater provisions, and without any
special provisions or specific mention, the wastewater provisions will
apply. The EPA judged that treating the contact condenser effluent
prior to any significant opportunity for volatilization protects the
environment. Further, the HON wastewater provisions, which are the
basis for the wastewater provisions in the proposed and final
standards, have been judged to be environmentally effective and cost
effective overall. Therefore, it the wasetwater provisions deem a
wasterwater stream to be Group 2 (i.e., not requiring control), that
means it is not cost effective to control any VOHAP that may be
contained in that wastewater stream.
Addressing emissions from the process contact cooling tower was
more complex.
Note: The HON did not specifically address process contact
cooling towers because they are not used extensively in the
synthetic organic chemical manufacturing industry (SOCMI).
Given that the emissions of VOHAP would be dealt with through the
use of the wastewater provisions at existing affected sources, the key
issue related to cooling towers became the emissions of ethylene
glycol. Between proposal and promulgation, the EPA spent considerable
effort gathering information on PET vacuum systems and their emissions.
Much of this effort focused on emissions from the cooling towers,
specifically emissions of ethylene glycol. In addition to gathering
information on emissions, the EPA investigated control options aimed at
reducing emissions of ethylene glycol from cooling towers. Possible
control options, not considering ethylene glycol jets, included
treating a slipstream of the cooling tower water to reduce the
concentration of ethylene glycol or installing a large heat exchanger
to isolate the cooling tower from the process. None of these control
options were shown to be cost effective. All of the factors discussed
above have led the EPA to conclude that, with one exception discussed
below, specific provisions for controlling emissions from process
contact cooling towers are not warranted for existing affected sources.
Instead, the EPA is requiring that the wastewater provisions be applied
to all vacuum system wastewater.
The one exception where it was found to be cost effective to
control emissions from existing process contact cooling towers was for
affected sources manufacturing PET using a continuous TPA high
viscosity multiple end finisher process. Based on industry reported
emissions, total ethylene glycol emissions for all PET subcategories
are approximately 340 Mg/yr, and approximately 230 Mg/yr are being
emitted from the single plant site that is part of this subcategory.
This subcategory is required to keep the concentration of ethylene
glycol in the process contact cooling tower water to 4 percent by
weight or less.
As at proposal, the final standards require that owners or
operators of new affected sources manufacturing PET not send contact
condenser effluent associated with a vacuum system to a process contact
cooling tower.
2. Vacuum System Wastewater
Many commenters objected to the proposed provision designating all
contact condenser effluent as Group 1 wastewater streams. Commenters
stated that the EPA had not provided adequate rationale explaining why
the standards for contact condenser effluent were more stringent than
the standards for other wastewater streams. Because the automatic
designation of contact condenser effluent as Group 1 wastewater was
done in an effort to make the use of noncontact condensers within
steam-based vacuum systems equivalent to ethylene glycol jets, and that
need no longer exists for existing affected sources, there is no longer
a need or justification to designate all contact condenser effluent
from existing PET affected sources as Group 1 wastewater. As a result,
the EPA has changed the final standards to implement the group
determination procedure (i.e., Group 1 or Group 2) for contact
condenser effluent from existing PET affected sources.
On the other hand, the final standards continue to prohibit the use
of process contact cooling towers for new PET affected sources.
Note: This requirement is equivalent to the MACT floor.
However, the provisions designating all contact condenser effluent
streams from new PET affected sources as Group 1 wastewater have been
dropped from the final standards. Like existing PET affected sources,
the final standards implement the group determination procedure for
contact condenser effluent from new PET affected sources. As described
earlier, the purpose for designating all contact condenser effluent
streams as Group 1 wastewater was to ensure equivalency between the use
of ethylene glycol jets and the use of noncontact condensers. At the
time of proposal, the EPA considered ethylene glycol jets to be
pollution free because there was no wastewater stream produced. The
automatic designation of all contact condenser effluent as Group 1
wastewater was meant to address the absence of wastewater when ethylene
glycol jet systems are used. Since proposal, the EPA has come to
understand that the use of ethylene glycol jets does not eliminate
emissions because the additional loading to the glycol recovery unit
can create additional emissions from process vents or wastewater
streams or both.
Realizing that ethylene glycol jets are not pollution free, the EPA
considered the additional emissions at the glycol recovery unit when
ethylene glycol jets are used and the emissions from the contact
condenser effluent when noncontact condensers are used.
Note: The use of ethylene glycol jets would still achieve more
control than using steam jets and subjecting the contact condenser
effluent to the wastewater provisions.
In either case, an equivalent quantity of VOHAP is introduced to
the vacuum system from the process. Process vents and wastewater
streams at the glycol recovery unit are subject to the appropriate
provisions of the standards. For example, a wastewater stream at the
glycol recovery unit would be subject to a group determination and,
based on the results, would be controlled if required. The EPA judged
that to require the same action for the contact condenser effluent from
noncontact condensers would ensure equivalency between a new affected
source using ethylene glycol jets and one using noncontact condensers.
F. Equipment Leak Provisions
1. Polystyrene
A number of commenters stated that the EPA had overestimated the
emissions from equipment leaks at polystyrene affected sources in
general and, in particular, from components containing styrene as the
organic HAP. The commenters claimed that the use of the average SOCMI
emission factors to estimate emissions was inappropriate because the
vapor pressure of styrene at typical operating conditions in
[[Page 48225]]
polystyrene affected sources equates to a concentration of less than
10,000 ppm and no leaks would be detected using a leak definition of
10,000 ppm. The commenters also stated that the effect of using the
average SOCMI emission factors was to justify the HON equipment leak
program (i.e., subpart H) and that, if the EPA used a more realistic
estimate of emissions (e.g., the emission factor for components with
concentrations less than 10,000 ppm), a re-evaluation of the costs and
emission reductions would likely result in a conclusion that the HON is
not cost effective. The commenters recommended that if any program was
to be implemented for polystyrene affected sources and especially for
components in styrene service, it should either be a visual-only
program or, at most, a program based on a State Reasonably Achievable
Control Technology (RACT) program.
In response to these comments, the EPA re-evaluated the analysis
that served as the basis for proposing the equipment leak provisions
from the HON for polystyrene and other styrene-based resin affected
sources.
Note: The results of this re-evaluation are contained in Item
IV-B-2, Docket A-92-45.
In re-evaluating that analysis, the EPA determined the MACT floor
for each subcategory. Because a MACT floor was determined to exist and
the Clean Air Act does not allow the EPA to set a standard less
stringent than the MACT floor, the EPA determined that some standard
must be set for these subcategories.
The EPA agrees with the commenters that the average SOCMI emission
factors are likely to overestimate emissions from components containing
or contacting styrene. Therefore, the EPA lowered the emission factors
used to estimate the emissions from these components. The EPA also
adjusted leak rate factors based on additional data and comments from
the industry. Adjustments to the emission factors and leak rates had
the effect of reducing both the overall emission estimates and the
emission reductions associated with the current industry programs, the
MACT floor programs, and the HON program.
In addition, the EPA re-evaluated the costing program used to
estimate the costs for the various equipment leak programs. Errors were
discovered in the costing program. The net effect of correcting these
errors was to lower the estimated costs for all of the various
equipment leak programs. The incremental differences between the
various programs decreased as well, but not by as much as the overall
costs.
To determine whether or not the subpart H provisions were cost
effective, the EPA examined the incremental costs and emission
reductions between the HON program and the MACT floor program for each
of the subcategories.
[Note: In the original analysis, the EPA examined the cost
between the HON program and each facility's specific current
program.]
Based on the incremental differences between the HON and the MACT
floor programs, the EPA determined that the HON requirements are cost
effective for each of the styrene-based resin subcategories, including
the three polystyrene subcategories. Therefore, the EPA has retained
the HON requirements in the final rule.
2. PET
Many commenters objected to the imposition of the HON equipment
leak requirements on PET affected sources, especially those using the
TPA process. These commenters stated that, due to the preponderance of
components in heavy liquid service, no program should be imposed or, if
a program is required, it should simply be a visual-only program. Some
of the commenters referred to the rationale in the development of the
Polymer Manufacturing NSPS [40 CFR part 60, subpart DDD], which
exempted PET affected sources using a continuous TPA process from
equipment leak regulation.
As was done for the styrene-based resin subcategories, the EPA re-
evaluated the emission estimates and cost estimates for all of the PET
subcategories. The results of this re-evaluation are found in Item IV-
B-3, Docket A-92-45. The following actions were taken as part of the
re-evaluation. First, the EPA lowered the emission factors used to
estimate emissions from components in heavy liquid service to take into
account the properties of ethylene glycol. Second, the EPA limited the
re-evaluation of costs and emission reductions to only those facilities
that provided specific component profiles (i.e., component counts and
types of service). The results of the re-evaluation showed that, except
for one PET subcategory, the HON requirements are cost effective. Thus,
the final rule retains, for the most part, the HON requirements for the
PET subcategories.
Note: Modifications to the HON requirements are discussed below.
The re-evaluation of the proposed equipment leak provisions showed
that the provisions were not cost effective for PET affected sources
using a continuous TPA high viscosity multiple end finisher process.
Thus, this subcategory, which currently contains only one affected
source, is exempt from the equipment leak requirements in the final
rule.
With regard to exempting PET affected sources altogether based on
the exemption contained in the Polymer Manufacturing NSPS, the EPA does
not agree with the commenters. During the development of the Polymer
Manufacturing NSPS, information available to the EPA indicated that all
components at PET TPA continuous facilities were in heavy liquid
service. Information provided by the industry during the development of
this rulemaking, however, shows the presence of components in gas/vapor
service and in light liquid service at some PET TPA facilities. The
decision to require an equipment leak program for this rulemaking is
based on this newer information. However, the EPA continues to agree
that, if a PET TPPU consists solely of components in heavy liquid
service, or in vacuum service, then said TPPU should be exempt from the
equipment leak standards. The final rule contains this provision.
Many commenters were concerned about the recordkeeping and
reporting requirements, especially for PET TPA affected sources where
the vast majority of components are in heavy liquid service. While the
EPA believes the original requirements were the minimum required to
ensure compliance with the overall program, the EPA has reduced the
burden of the recordkeeping and reporting requirements for these
subcategories in light of the preponderance of components in heavy
liquid service. The most significant change is the elimination of the
requirement to initially list the identification numbers of components
in heavy liquid service.
Finally, several commenters expressed concern with the use of
Method 21 to detect leaks from components in ethylene glycol (i.e.,
heavy liquid) service, stating in part that Method 21 would not detect
an ethylene glycol leak based on the properties of ethylene glycol and
the operating conditions of the process. The EPA agrees that Method 21
is inappropriate for determining ethylene glycol leaks where the
leaking component is in heavy liquid service. However, Sec. 63.169 of
subpart H does not require the use of Method 21; it is one of two
alternatives for determining the presence of leaks from components in
heavy liquid service. The other alternative is to use a sensory-based
detection method. The final rule has been revised to clarify that leaks
are to be determined exclusively through the use of visual, audible,
[[Page 48226]]
olfactory, and any other detection methods; Method 21 is not to be used
to determine leaks from components in heavy liquid service at PET
facilities.
G. Emissions Averaging Provisions
1. Number of Emission Points Allowed in Emissions Averaging
Numerous commenters requested that the number of emission points
allowed in an emissions average be increased to 20 points from the 5
points allowed at proposal. If pollution prevention measures are used,
commenters requested that an additional 5 emission points be allowed
from the 3 emission points allowed at proposal. The commenters stated
that this would be consistent with the HON.
In response to comments and to be more consistent with the HON and
the proposed Group I Polymers and Resins NESHAP, the number of emission
points allowed in emissions averaging at a plant site has been
increased to 20 points, with an additional 5 points allowed if
pollution prevention measures are used. These values (i.e., 20/25) are
the maximum allowed for all emissions averages at a plant site,
regardless of the number of affected sources present at a plant site or
the number of emissions averaging programs implemented.
2. Including Batch Process Vents in Emissions Averaging
Several commenters requested that batch process vents be included
in the emissions averaging provisions. The EPA had not allowed
emissions averaging of batch process vents at proposal. The proposal
preamble stated that the accuracy and consistency of emissions
estimates needed for emissions averaging were considered to be greater
than those needed for applicability determinations. However, upon
review, the EPA has determined that having the same procedures to
estimate emissions for applicability determinations and emissions
averaging is reasonable. The final standards allow emissions averaging
of existing batch process vents as well as aggregate batch vent
streams.
H. Compliance and Performance Test Provisions and Monitoring
Requirements
1. Excused Excursions
Many commenters requested that the proposed standards allow excused
excursions in the same way that the HON allows excused excursions. In
the final standards, the EPA included provisions to excuse a certain
number of excursions for each reporting period. These provisions are
identical to the HON provisions. The decision to include excused
excursion provisions was based on data and information presented in
public comments received on the proposed standards and received during
industry meetings held after proposal. The commenters contended that by
not allowing excused excursions in these standards, the EPA has made
these standards more stringent than the HON, which the proposed
standards and the costs of the proposed standards were modelled after.
The commenters requested that the EPA justify the increased cost of
imposing the more stringent ``no excused excursion'' provisions. The
EPA agreed with the commenters that not allowing excused excursions
could impose significant additional capital and operating costs on the
affected source for only negligible corresponding reductions in air
emissions. As is always the case, a State has the discretion to impose
more stringent requirements than the requirements of NESHAP and other
federal requirements and could choose not to allow the excused
excursion provisions contained in these standards.
The EPA considered the number of excused excursions that would be
most appropriate for these standards and determined that the number of
excursions allowed in the HON is reasonable. Therefore, the final
standards allow a maximum of 6 excused excursions for the first
semiannual reporting period, decreasing by 1 excursion each semiannual
reporting period. Starting with the sixth semiannual reporting period
(i.e., the end of the third year of compliance) and thereafter,
affected sources are allowed one excused excursion per semiannual
reporting period.
2. Parameter Monitoring Levels
Commenters requested that more flexibility be permitted for
establishing compliance levels for parameter monitoring. The commenters
asked the EPA to allow the use of the HON range concept, which
recognizes that a process or control device operates properly over a
range of conditions.
The EPA revised the requirements for establishing parameter
monitoring levels to incorporate the concepts included in the HON range
concept.
Note: The final standards continue to use the term level.
Under the final rule, the owner or operator can choose between
three procedures for establishing parameter monitoring levels. By
providing the flexibility to establish parameter monitoring levels
based on one of the three procedures, site-specific levels can be
chosen which best accommodate variation in emission point
characteristics and control device designs. These three procedures for
establishing parameter monitoring levels are based on: (1) performance
tests; (2) performance tests, engineering assessments, and/or
manufacturer's recommendations; and (3) engineering assessments and/or
manufacturer's recommendations. The establishment of a parameter
monitoring level based solely on performance tests is preapproved by
the Administrator; however, parameter monitoring values determined
using the last two procedures, which may or may not use the results of
performance tests, must be approved by the Administrator for each
individual case.
3. Other Changes Resulting from EPA Review
In addition to changes made to the proposed rule as a result of
public comment, changes were made as a result of EPA independently
reviewing the rule between proposal and promulgation. In the final
rule, the EPA has allowed the use of TOC, minus methane and ethane, as
the basis for compliance demonstrations (i.e., performance tests) as an
alternative to organic HAP for continuous process vents, batch process
vents, storage vessels, and wastewater streams.
Note: The term ``TOC,'' as used in the remainder of this discussion
and as defined in the final rule, denotes ``TOC, minus methane and
ethane.''
The final rule also allows the use of TOC as an alternate basis for
applicability determinations for batch process vents; TOC is not
allowed as an alternate basis for applicability determinations for
continuous process vents. In addition, the final rule allows the use of
Method 25A to measure TOC in these instances were TOC serves as an
alternative basis for compliance demonstrations or applicability
determinations.
These changes were made to provide flexibility to the regulated
community and to reduce the overall burden of the rule. The EPA
considered the impacts of allowing TOC to serve as a surrogate for
organic HAP in compliance demonstrations and did not find any adverse
impacts. Further, in allowing the use of Method 25A as a complement to
the use of TOC as a surrogate to organic HAP, the EPA judged that the
burden of implementing the final rule would be reduced with no adverse
impacts.
[[Page 48227]]
As proposed, the provisions concerning applicability determinations
and compliance demonstrations allowed an owner or operator to measure
total organic HAP or TOC; however, the proposed rule required Method 18
for measurement of organic compounds in both cases. In light of this,
the major difference between the proposed and final rule is the
flexibility to use Method 25A in measuring TOC. In deciding to allow
the use of Method 25A, the EPA considered the composition of the
emission streams and considered provisions that could be implemented to
safeguard against inappropriate uses of Method 25A. To the best of the
EPA's knowledge, the emission streams regulated by this rule are
predominantly organic HAP. Also, with one exception (i.e., ethylene
glycol), the regulated organic HAP, which are listed in the definition
of organic HAP found in the final rule, have response factors to Method
25A adequate to ensure satisfactory emissions measurements. To
safeguard against inadequate emissions measurements that might result
from the inappropriate use of Method 25A, the final rule specifies the
calibration gas to be used (i.e., the organic HAP representing the
largest percent by volume) and what is an acceptable response for the
calibration gas (i.e., 20 times the standard deviation of the response
from the zero calibration gas).
In considering the use of TOC as an alternate basis for
applicability determinations, and the complementary use of Method 25A
to measure TOC, the EPA evaluated applicability determinations for
continuous process vents and batch process vents.
[Note: The applicability determination procedures for storage
vessels and wastewater streams do not use airborne organic HAP
concentration values. Therefore, the use of Method 25A for these
emission points is not applicable.]
The applicability determination procedure for continuous process
vents (i.e., the TRE equation) requires an owner or operator to
estimate the concentration and emission rate for both organic HAP and
TOC. Because both of these values are required and were the basis for
the original TRE analysis, the EPA judged that it was inappropriate to
use TOC as an alternate basis to organic HAP for the applicability
determinations for continuous process vents. On the other hand, the
original analysis for batch process vents (i.e., the Batch Processes
ACT) was based on the control of TOC; thus, the EPA considered the use
of TOC as an alternate basis for the applicability determinations for
batch process vents to be satisfactory.
I. Recordkeeping and Reporting
Several commenters stated that the recordkeeping and reporting
requirements of the proposed standards were extremely burdensome. These
commenters requested that the EPA reduce unnecessary recordkeeping and
reporting requirements in the final standards. Commenters requested
that the frequency with which records must be retained be reduced. The
commenters also contended that records should only be required if an
excursion has occurred. The commenters contended that records showing
compliance with the standards were unnecessary.
The EPA has made every effort to reduce the recordkeeping
requirements of the final thermoplastics rule. The EPA recognizes that
unnecessary recordkeeping and reporting requirements would burden both
the affected source and EPA enforcement agencies.
The EPA reviewed the recordkeeping required by the proposed rule
and has made reductions in the amount of information that is required
to be recorded. The final rule has been changed to require recording
and retention of hourly average values of continuously monitored
values. The proposal required that 15-minute averages be calculated and
recorded. Under the proposal, if the daily average value was above the
minimum or below the maximum established parameter monitoring levels
(i.e., excess emissions occurred), the 15-minute values had to be
retained; if the daily average value did not exceed the established
parameter monitoring level, the 15-minute values could be converted to
hourly averages, and the hourly averages could be retained instead of
the 15-minute averages. Upon reconsideration, the EPA found that hourly
average values provide a sufficient record to support the calculation
of the daily average value. Therefore, to reduce the recordkeeping
burden, the rule has been changed to specify that only hourly averages
must be calculated and recorded. The rule no longer requires
calculating or recording of 15-minute average values.
For emission points where continuous parameter monitoring is
required, the value of the parameter must still be measured at least
once every 15 minutes, but only the hourly average must be calculated
and recorded. Many facilities already have computerized systems and
monitor parameters more frequently than once every 15 minutes for
process control purposes. The 15-minute monitoring frequency is
consistent with the General Provisions and previous NSPS and NESHAP for
emission points from similar industries.
In addition, the EPA added provisions [Sec. 63.1335(h)] that allow
an owner or operator to implement a reduced recordkeeping program
provided that certain criteria related to the monitoring system and the
performance of the process, as it relates to maintaining compliance
with the monitoring provisions, are met. Under these provisions it is
possible for an owner or operator to retain only daily average values
or, after a period of 6 consecutive months without an excursion, to
retain no daily records.
The EPA believes that the recordkeeping requirements of the final
rule are necessary to show compliance. The EPA will continue to require
owners or operators to keep records, regardless of whether there was an
excursion or not. These records are necessary to prove compliance when
no excursion has occurred and are used to determine the severity of a
violation, and, thus, how much of a penalty should be assessed once an
excursion has occurred.
The EPA has made every effort to reduce the reporting requirements
of the final rule. The EPA reviewed each report required at proposal,
and determined that two of these reports, the Initial Notification and
the Implementation Plan, contained many requirements that were
duplicative with the existing operating permit program. For this
reason, the EPA has removed the requirements for the Initial
Notification and Implementation Plan from the final rule.
The EPA considers the recordkeeping and reporting requirements of
the final rule to be the minimum necessary to ensure compliance.
Upon further review, the EPA decided to add a new report, the
Precompliance Report, to the final rule to allow the owner or operator
of an affected source to request an extension of compliance or to
request approval to use alternative monitoring parameters, alternative
continuous monitoring or recordkeeping, or alternative controls. At
proposal, these items were submitted in the Implementation Plan.
Overall, these changes, deleting the Initial Notification and the
Implementation Plan and adding the Precompliance Report, result in a
reduction of the reporting burden for the affected source.
[[Page 48228]]
VI. Administration Requirements
A. Docket
The docket is an organized and complete file of all the information
submitted to or otherwise considered by the EPA in the development of
the final standards. The principal purposes of the docket are:
(1) To allow interested parties to readily identify and locate
documents so that they can intelligently and effectively participate in
the rulemaking process; and
(2) To serve as the record in case of judicial review, except for
interagency review materials as provided for in section 307(d)(7)(A).
B. Executive Order 12866
Under Executive Order 12866 [58 FR 5173, October 4, 1993], the EPA
must determine whether the regulatory action is ``significant'' and
therefore subject to Office of Management and Budget (OMB) review and
the requirements of the Executive Order. The Executive Order defines
``significant regulatory action'' as one that is likely to result in
standards that may:
(1) Have an annual effect on the economy of $100 million or more or
adversely affect, in a material way, the economy, a sector of the
economy, productivity, competition, jobs, the environment, public
health or safety, or State, local, or tribal governments or
communities;
(2) Create a serious inconsistency or otherwise interfere with an
action taken or planned by another agency;
(3) Materially alter the budgetary impact of entitlement, grants,
user fees, or loan programs or the rights and obligations of recipients
thereof; or
(4) Raise novel legal or policy issues arising out of legal
mandates, the President's priorities, or the principles set forth in
the Executive Order.
Pursuant to the terms of the Executive Order, the OMB has notified
the EPA that it considers that a ``significant regulatory action''
within the meaning of the Executive Order. The EPA submitted this
action to the OMB for review. Changes made in response to suggestions
or recommendations from the OMB were documented and included in the
public record.
C. Paperwork Reduction Act
The information collection requirements for this NESHAP have been
submitted for approval to the OMB under the Paperwork Reduction Act, 44
U.S.C. 3501 et seq. An Information Collection Request (ICR) document
has been prepared by the EPA (ICR. No. 1737.01), and a copy may be
obtained from Sandy Farmer, OPPE Regulatory Information Division
(2137), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M Street, S.W.,
Washington, DC 20460, or by calling (202) 260-2740.
The public recordkeeping and reporting burden for this collection
of information is estimated to average approximately 4,000 hours per
respondent, at approximately 1,000 hours per response for 4 responses
each, for each of the first 3 years following promulgation of the rule.
These estimates include time for reviewing instructions, searching
existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and
completing the reviewing the collection of information.
Sent comments regarding the recordkeeping and reporting burden
estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information,
including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Chief, Information
Policy Branch (2137), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M
Street, S.W., Washington, DC 20460; and to the Office of Information
and Regulatory Affairs, Office of Management and Budget, Washington, DC
20503, marked ``Attention: Desk Officer for EPA.''
D. Regulatory Flexibility Act.
The Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA) (Pub. L. 96-354, September 19,
1980) requires Federal agencies to give special consideration to the
impact of regulation on small businesses. The RFA specifies that a
final regulatory flexibility analysis must be prepared if a final
regulation will have a significant economic impact on a substantial
number of small entities. To determine whether a final RFA is required,
a screening analysis, otherwise known as an initial RFA, is necessary.
Regulatory impacts are considered significant if:
(1) Annual compliance costs increase total costs of production by
more than 5 percent, or
(2) Annual compliance costs as a percent of sales are at least 20
percent (percentage points) higher for small entities, or
(3) Capital cost of compliance represent a significant portion of
capital available to small entities, or
(4) The requirements of the regulation are likely to result in
closures of small entities.
A ``substantial number'' of small entities is generally considered
to be more than 20 percent of the small entities in the affected
industry.
Consistent with Small Business Administration (SBA) size standards,
a thermoplastic producing firm is classified as a small entity if it
has less than 750 employees and is unaffiliated with a larger entity.
Based upon this criterion, only one firm, an MBS producer, employs less
than 750 workers.
Data were available to examine two of the criteria; these were the
potential for closure, and comparison of compliance costs as a
percentage of sales.
For criterion one, the affected source is not expected to fall at
risk of closure from the regulations, thus this criterion is not met.
Also, the compliance costs were only 0.001 percent of total sales for
the affected source, and this does not meet criterion two. Because the
economics analysis lead to the conclusion that not MBS facilities at
risk of closure, this criterion is not met.
In conclusion, and pursuant to section 605(b) of the RFA, the
Administrator certifies that these standards will not have a
significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities.
The basis for this certification is that the economic impacts for small
entities do not meet or exceed the criteria in the Guidelines to the
Regulatory Flexibility Act of 1980, as shown above. Further information
on the initial RFA is available in the background information package
(see SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION section).
E. Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996 (SBREFA)
The SBREFA Subtitle D requires more rigorous regulatory flexibility
analyses. It also requires the EPA to undertake a small entity
stakeholder process involving the Small Business Administration (SBA)
and the OMB prior to proposing a rule for which a regulatory
flexibility analysis is required. In addition, it subjects agency
compliance with many aspects of the amended Regulatory Flexibility Act
(RFA) to judicial rule. Subtitle D of the SBREFA takes effect to
rulemakings proposed as of June 28, 1996. Therefore, it does not apply
to this rulemaking.
Subtitle E of SBREFA establishes opportunity for Congress to review
and potentially disapprove nonmajor rules promulgated on or after March
29, 1996. With limited exceptions, it provides that no rule promulgated
on or after March 29, 1996, may take effect until it is submitted to
Congress and the Comptroller General along with specified supporting
documentation. Different requirements apply to major rules. This rule,
which is nonmajor, is being submitted to Congress in accordance with
these requirements.
[[Page 48229]]
F. Unfunded Mandates
Under section 202 of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995
(``Unfunded Mandates Act''), signed into law on March 22, 1995, the EPA
must prepare a budgetary impact statement to accompany any proposed or
final standards that include a Federal mandate that may result in
estimated costs to State, local, or tribal governments in the
aggregate, or to the private sector, of $100 million or more. Under
section 205, the EPA must select the most cost effective and least
burdensome alternative that achieves the objectives of the standards
and is consistent with statutory requirements. Section 203 requires the
EPA to establish a plan for informing and advising any small
governments that may be significantly or uniquely impacted by the
standards.
The EPA has determined that the final standards do not include a
Federal mandate that may result in estimated costs of $100 million or
more to either State, local, or tribal governments in the aggregate, or
to the private sector. Therefore, the requirements of the Unfunded
Mandates Act do not apply to this section.
List of Subjects
40 CFR Part 9
Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.
40 CFR Part 63
Air pollution control, Hazardous substances, Reporting and
recordkeeping requirements.
Dated: May 15, 1996.
Carol M. Browner,
Administrator.
For the reasons set out in the preamble, parts 9 and 63 of title
40, chapter I of the Code of Federal Regulations are amended as
follows:
PART 9--[AMENDED]
1. The authority citation for part 9 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 7 U.S.C. 135 et seq., 136-136y; 15 U.S.C. 2001, 2003,
2005, 2006, 2601-2671; 21 U.S.C. 331j, 346a, 348; 31 U.S.C. 9701; 33
U.S.C. 1251 et seq., 1311, 1313d, 1314, 1318, 1321, 1326, 1330,
1342, 1344, 1345 (d) and (e), 1361; E.O. 11735, 38 FR 21243, 3 CFR,
1971-1975 Comp. p. 973; 42 U.S.C. 241, 242b, 243, 246, 300f, 300g,
300g-1, 300g-2, 300g-3, 300g-4, 300g-5, 300g-6, 300j-1, 300j-2,
300j-3, 300j-4, 300j-9, 1857 et seq., 6901-6992k, 7401-7671q, 7542,
9601-9657, 11023, 11048.
2. Section 9.1 is amended by adding the new entries to the table
under the indicated heading in numerical order to read as follows:
Sec. 9.1 OMB approvals under the Paperwork Reduction Act.
* * * * *
------------------------------------------------------------------------
OMB control
40 CFR citation No.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
* * * * *
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Source
Categories \3\
63.1311.................................................... 2060-0351
63.1314.................................................... 2060-0351
63.1315.................................................... 2060-0351
63.1319.................................................... 2060-0351
63.1320.................................................... 2060-0351
63.1325-1332............................................... 2060-0351
63.1335.................................................... 2060-0351
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\3\ The ICRs referenced in this section of the table encompass the
applicable general provisions contained in 40 CFR part 63, subpart A,
which are not independent information collection requirements.
* * * * *
PART 63--NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS
FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES
1. The authority citation for part 63 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401, et seq.
2. Part 63 is amended by adding subpart JJJ to read as follows:
Subpart JJJ--National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutant
Emissions: Group IV Polymers and Resins
Secs.
63.1310 Applicability and designation of affected sources.
63.1311 Compliance schedule and relationship to existing applicable
rules.
63.1312 Definitions.
63.1313 Emission standards.
63.1314 Storage vessel provisions.
63.1315 Continuous process vents provisions.
63.1316 PET and polystyrene continuous process affected sources--
emissions control provisions.
63.1317 PET and polystyrene continuous process affected sources--
monitoring provisions.
63.1318 PET and polystyrene continuous process affected sources--
testing and compliance demonstration provisions.
63.1319 PET and polystyrene continuous process affected sources--
recordkeeping provisions.
63.1320 PET and polystyrene continuous process affected sources--
reporting provisions.
63.1321 Batch process vents provisions.
63.1322 Batch process vents--reference control technology.
63.1323 Batch process vents--methods and procedures for group
determination.
63.1324 Batch process vents--monitoring provisions.
63.1325 Batch process vents--performance test methods and
procedures to determine compliance.
63.1326 Batch process vents--recordkeeping provisions.
63.1327 Batch process vents--reporting provisions.
63.1328 Heat exchange systems provisions.
63.1329 Process contact cooling towers provisions.
63.1330 Wastewater provisions.
63.1331 Equipment leak provisions.
63.1332 Emissions averaging provisions.
63.1333 Additional test methods and procedures.
63.1334 Parameter monitoring levels and excursions.
63.1335 General recordkeeping and reporting provisions.
Subpart JJJ--National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air
Pollutant Emissions: Group IV Polymers and Resins
Sec. 63.1310 Applicability and designation of affected sources.
(a) Definition of affected source. The provisions of this subpart
apply to each affected source. An affected source is either an existing
affected source or a new affected source. Existing affected source is
defined in paragraph (a)(6) of this section, and new affected source is
defined in paragraph (a)(7) of this section. The affected source also
includes the emission points and equipment specified in paragraphs
(a)(1) through (a)(5) of this section that are associated with each
group of TPPU.
(1) Each wastewater stream.
(2) Each wastewater operation.
(3) Each heat exchange system.
(4) Each process contact cooling tower used in the manufacture of
PET that is associated with a new affected source.
(5) Each process contact cooling tower used in the manufacture of
PET using a continuous terephthalic acid high viscosity multiple end
finisher process that is associated with an existing affected source.
(6) Except as specified in paragraphs (b) through (d) of this
section, an existing affected source is defined as each group of one or
more thermoplastic product process units (TPPUs) that is not part of a
new affected source as defined in paragraph (a)(7) of this section,
that is manufacturing the same primary product, where each TPPU uses as
a reactant, or uses as a process solvent, or produces as a by-product
or co-product any organic hazardous air pollutant (organic HAP), and
that is located at a plant site that is a major source.
(7) Except as specified in paragraphs (b) through (d) of this
section, a new affected source is defined as a source meeting the
criteria of paragraph (a)(7)(i), (a)(7)(ii), or (a)(7)(iii) of this
section:
[[Page 48230]]
(i) At a plant site previously without HAP emissions points, each
group of one or more TPPUs manufacturing the same primary product that
is part of a major source on which construction commenced after March
29, 1995;
(ii) A TPPU meeting the criteria in paragraph (i)(1)(i) of this
section; or
(iii) A reconstructed affected source meeting the criteria in
paragraph (i)(2)(i) of this section.
(b) TPPUs exempted from the affected source. For a TPPU to be
excluded from the designation of affected source due to the fact that
it does not use as a reactant, or use as a process solvent, or produce
as a by-product or co-product any organic HAP, the owner or operator
shall comply with the requirements of paragraph (b)(1) of this section
and shall comply with the requirements of paragraph (b)(2) of this
section if requested to do so by the Administrator.
(1) Retain information, data, and analysis used to document the
basis for the determination that the TPPU does not use as a reactant or
use as a process solvent, or manufacture as a by-product or a co-
product any organic HAP. Types of information that could document this
determination include, but are not limited to, records of chemicals
purchased for the process, analyses of process stream composition, or
engineering calculations.
(2) When requested by the Administrator, demonstrate that the TPPU
does not use as a reactant, or use as a process solvent, or manufacture
as a by-product or co-product any organic HAP.
(c) Emission points exempted from the affected source. The affected
source does not include the emission points listed in paragraphs (c)(1)
through (c)(6) of this section:
(1) Stormwater from segregated sewers;
(2) Water from fire-fighting and deluge systems in segregated
sewers;
(3) Spills;
(4) Water from safety showers;
(5) Vessels and equipment storing and/or handling material that
contain no organic HAP and/or organic HAP as impurities only; and
(6) Equipment that is intended to operate in organic HAP service
for less than 300 hours during the calendar year.
(d) Processes exempted from the affected source. The processes
specified in paragraphs (d)(1) through (d)(5) of this section are
exempted from the affected source:
(1) Research and development facilities;
(2) Polymerization processes occurring in a mold;
(3) Processes which manufacture binder systems containing a
thermoplastic product for paints, coatings, or adhesives;
(4) Finishing processes including equipment such as compounding
units, spinning units, drawing units, extruding units, and other
finishing steps; and
(5) Solid state polymerization processes.
(e) Applicability determination of nonthermoplastic equipment
included in a TPPU producing a thermoplastic product. If a polymer that
is not subject to this subpart is produced within the equipment (i.e.,
collocated) making up a TPPU and at least 50 percent of said polymer is
used in the production of a thermoplastic product manufactured by said
TPPU, the unit operations involved in the production of said polymer
are considered part of the TPPU and are subject to this rule except as
specified in this paragraph (e). If said unit operations are subject to
another MACT standard regulating the same emission points, said unit
operations are not subject to this subpart.
(f) Primary product determination and applicability. The primary
product of a process unit shall be determined according to the
procedures specified in paragraphs (f)(1) through (f)(2) of this
section. Paragraphs (f)(3) through (f)(4) of this section describe
whether or not a process unit is subject to this subpart. Paragraphs
(f)(5) through (f)(7) of this section discuss compliance for those
TPPUs operated as flexible operation units, as specified in paragraph
(f)(2) of this section.
(1) If a process unit only manufactures one product, then that
product shall represent the primary product of the process unit.
(2) If a process unit is designed and operated as a flexible
operation unit, the primary product shall be determined as specified in
paragraphs (f)(2)(i) or (f)(2)(ii) of this section based on the
anticipated operations for the 5 years following September 12, 1996 for
existing affected sources and for the first 5 years after initial
start-up for new affected sources.
(i) If the flexible operation unit will manufacture one product for
the greatest operating time over the five year period, then that
product shall represent the primary product of the flexible operation
unit.
(ii) If the flexible operation unit will manufacture multiple
products equally based on operating time, then the product with the
greatest production on a mass basis over the five year period shall
represent the primary product of the flexible operation unit.
(3) If the primary product of a process unit is a thermoplastic
product, then said process unit is considered a TPPU. If said TPPU
meets all the criteria of paragraph (a) of this section, it is either
an affected source or is part of an affected source comprised of other
TPPU subject to this rule at the same plant site with the same primary
product. The status of a process unit as a TPPU and as an affected
source or part of an affected source shall not change regardless of
what products are produced in the future by said TPPU, with the
exception noted in paragraph (f)(3)(i) of this section.
(i) If a process unit terminates the production of all
thermoplastic products and does not anticipate the production of any
thermoplastic product in the future, the process unit is no longer a
TPPU and is not subject to this rule after notification is made as
specified in paragraph (f)(3)(ii) of this section.
(ii) The owner or operator of a process unit that wishes to remove
the TPPU designation from the process unit, as specified in paragraph
(f)(3)(i) of this section, shall notify the Administrator. This
notification shall be accompanied by rationale for why it is
anticipated that no thermoplastic products will be produced in the
process unit in the future.
(iii) If a process unit meeting the criteria of paragraph (f)(3)(i)
of this section begins the production of a thermoplastic product in the
future, the owner or operator shall use the procedures in paragraph
(f)(4)(i) of this section to determine if the process unit is re-
designated as a TPPU.
(4) If the primary product of a process unit is not a thermoplastic
product, then said process unit is not an affected source nor is it
part of any affected source subject to this rule. Said process unit is
not subject to this rule at any time, regardless of what product is
being produced. The status of a process unit as not being a TPPU, and
therefore not an affected source nor part of an affected source subject
to this subpart, shall not change regardless of what products are
produced in the future by said TPPU, with the exception noted in
paragraph (f)(4)(i) of this section.
(i) If, at any time beginning September 12, 2001, the owner or
operator determines that a thermoplastic product is the primary product
for the process unit based on actual production data for any preceding
consecutive five-year period, then the process unit shall be designated
as a TPPU. If said TPPU meets all the criteria of paragraph (a) of this
section and is not subject to another subpart of 40 CFR part 63, it is
either an affected source or part of an affected source and shall be
subject to this rule.
(ii) If a process unit meets the criteria of paragraph (f)(4)(i) of
this section, the
[[Page 48231]]
owner or operator shall notify the Administrator within 6 months of
making this determination. The TPPU, as the entire affected source or
part of an affected source, shall be in compliance with the provisions
of this rule within 3 years from the date of such notification.
(iii) If a process unit is re-designated as a TPPU but does not
meet all the criteria of paragraph (a) of this section, the owner or
operator shall notify the Administrator within 6 months of making this
determination. Said notification shall include documentation justifying
the TPPU's status as not being an affected source or not being part of
an affected source.
(5) Once the primary product of a process unit has been determined
to be a thermoplastic product and it has been determined that all the
criteria of paragraph (a) of this section are met for said TPPU, the
owner or operator of the affected source shall comply with the
standards for the primary product. Owners or operators of flexible
operation units shall comply with the standards for the primary product
as specified in either paragraph (f)(5)(i) or (f)(5)(ii) of this
section, except as specified in paragraph (f)(5)(iii) of this section.
(i) Each owner or operator shall determine the group status of each
emission point that is part of said flexible operation unit based on
emission point characteristics when the primary product is being
manufactured. Based on this finding, the owner or operator shall comply
with the applicable standards for the primary product for each emission
point, as appropriate, at all times, regardless of what product is
being produced.
(ii) Alternatively, each owner or operator shall determine the
group status of each emission point that is part of said flexible
operation unit based on the emission point characteristics when each
product produced by the flexible operation unit is manufactured,
regardless of whether said product is a thermoplastic product or not.
Based on these findings, the owner or operator shall comply with the
applicable standards for the primary product for each emission point,
as appropriate, regardless of what product is being produced.
Note: Under this scenario it is possible that the group status,
and therefore the requirement to achieve emission reductions, for an
emission point may change depending on the product being produced.
(iii) Whenever a flexible operation unit manufactures a product
that meets the criteria of paragraph (b) of this section (i.e., does
not use or produce any organic HAP), all activities associated with the
manufacture of said product shall be exempt from the requirements of
this rule, to include the operation and monitoring of control or
recovery devices.
(6) The determination of the primary product for a process unit, to
include the determination of applicability of this subpart to process
units that are designed and operated as flexible operation units, shall
be reported in the Notification of Compliance Status required by
Sec. 63.1335(e)(5) when the primary product is determined to be a
thermoplastic product. The Notification of Compliance Status shall
include the information specified in either paragraph (f)(6)(i) or
(f)(6)(ii) of this section. If the primary product is determined to be
something other than a thermoplastic product, the owner or operator
shall retain information, data, and analysis used to document the basis
for the determination that the primary product is not a thermoplastic
product.
(i) If the TPPU manufactures only one thermoplastic product,
identification of said thermoplastic product.
(ii) If the TPPU is designed and operated as a flexible operation
unit, the information specified in paragraphs (f)(6)(ii)(A) through
(f)(6)(ii)(C) of this section, as appropriate.
(A) Identification of the primary product.
(B) Information concerning operating time and/or production mass
for each product that was used to make the determination of the primary
product under paragraph (f)(2)(i) or (f)(2)(ii) of this section.
(C) Identification of which compliance option, either paragraph
(f)(5)(i) or (f)(5)(ii) of this section, has been selected by the owner
or operator.
(7) To demonstrate compliance with the rule during those periods
when a flexible operation unit that is subject to this subpart is
producing a product other than a thermoplastic product or is producing
a thermoplastic product that is not the primary product, the owner or
operator shall comply with either paragraphs (f)(7)(i) through
(f)(7)(ii) or paragraph (f)(7)(iii) of this section.
(i) Establish parameter monitoring levels, as specified in
Sec. 63.1334, for those emission points designated as Group 1, as
appropriate.
(ii) Submit the parameter monitoring levels developed under
paragraph (f)(7)(i) of this section and the basis for them in the
Notification of Compliance Status report as specified in
Sec. 63.1335(e)(5).
(iii) Demonstrate that the parameter monitoring levels established
for the primary product are also appropriate for those periods when
products other than the primary product are being produced. Material
demonstrating this finding shall be submitted in the Notification of
Compliance Status report as specified in Sec. 63.1335(e)(5).
(g) Storage vessel ownership determination. The owner or operator
shall follow the procedures specified in paragraphs (g)(1) through
(g)(8) of this section to determine to which process unit a storage
vessel shall belong.
(1) If a storage vessel is already subject to another subpart of 40
CFR part 63 on September 12, 1996, said storage vessel shall belong to
the process unit subject to the other subpart.
(2) If a storage vessel is dedicated to a single process unit, the
storage vessel shall belong to that process unit.
(3) If a storage vessel is shared among process units, then the
storage vessel shall belong to that process unit located on the same
plant site as the storage vessel that has the greatest input into or
output from the storage vessel (i.e., said process unit has the
predominant use of the storage vessel).
(4) If predominant use cannot be determined for a storage vessel
that is shared among process units and if one of those process units is
a TPPU subject to this subpart, the storage vessel shall belong to said
TPPU.
(5) If predominant use cannot be determined for a storage vessel
that is shared among process units and if more than one of the process
units are TPPUs that have different primary products and that are
subject to this subpart, then the owner or operator shall assign the
storage vessel to any one of the said TPPUs.
(6) If the predominant use of a storage vessel varies from year to
year, then predominant use shall be determined based on the utilization
that occurred during the year preceding September 12, 1996 or based on
the expected utilization for the 5 years following September 12, 1996
for existing affected sources, whichever is more representative of the
expected operations for said storage vessel, and based on the first 5
years after initial start-up for new affected sources. The
determination of predominant use shall be reported in the Notification
of Compliance Status required by Sec. 63.1335(e)(5). If the predominant
use changes, the redetermination of predominant use shall be reported
in the next Periodic Report.
(7) If the storage vessel begins receiving material from (or
sending material to) another process unit; or ceasing to receive
material from (or send material to) a process unit; or if the
[[Page 48232]]
applicability of this subpart to a storage vessel has been determined
according to the provisions of paragraphs (g)(1) through (g)(6) of this
section and there is a significant change in the use of the storage
vessel that could reasonably change the predominant use, the owner or
operator shall reevaluate the applicability of this subpart to the
storage vessel.
(8) Where a storage vessel is located at a major source that
includes one or more process units which place material into, or
receive materials from the storage vessel, but the storage vessel is
located in a tank farm, the applicability of this subpart shall be
determined according to the provisions in paragraphs (g)(8)(i) through
(g)(8)(iv) of this section.
(i) The storage vessel may only be assigned to a process unit that
utilizes the storage vessel and does not have an intervening storage
vessel for that product (or raw materials, as appropriate). With
respect to any process unit, an intervening storage vessel means a
storage vessel connected by hard-piping to the process unit and to the
storage vessel in the tank farm so that product or raw material
entering or leaving the process unit flows into (or from) the
intervening storage vessel and does not flow directly into (or from)
the storage vessel in the tank farm.
(ii) If there is no process unit at the major source that meets the
criteria of paragraph (g)(8)(i) of this section with respect to a
storage vessel, this subpart does not apply to the storage vessel.
(iii) If there is only one process unit at the major source that
meets the criteria of paragraph (g)(8)(i) of this section with respect
to a storage vessel, the storage vessel shall be assigned to that
process unit.
(iv) If there are two or more process units at the major source
that meet the criteria of paragraph (g)(8)(i) of this section with
respect to a storage vessel, the storage vessel shall be assigned to
one of those process units according to the provisions of paragraph
(g)(7) of this section. The predominant use shall be determined among
only those thermoplastic product process units that meet the criteria
of paragraph (g)(8)(i) of this section.
(h) Recovery operation equipment ownership determination. The owner
or operator shall follow the procedures specified in paragraphs (h)(1)
through (h)(7) of this section to determine to which process unit
recovery operation equipment shall belong.
(1) If recovery operation equipment is already subject to another
subpart of 40 CFR part 63 on September 12, 1996, said recovery
operation equipment shall belong to the process unit subject to the
other subpart.
(2) If recovery operation equipment is used exclusively by a single
process unit, the recovery operation shall belong to that process unit.
(3) If recovery operation equipment is shared among process units,
then the recovery operation equipment shall belong to that process unit
located on the same plant site as the recovery operation equipment that
has the greatest input into or output from the recovery operation
equipment (i.e., said process unit has the predominant use of the
recovery operation equipment).
(4) If predominant use cannot be determined for recovery operation
equipment that is shared among process units and if one of those
process units is a TPPU subject to this subpart, the recovery operation
equipment shall belong to said TPPU.
(5) If predominant use cannot be determined for recovery operation
equipment that is shared among process units and if more than one of
the process units are TPPUs that have different primary products and
that are subject to this subpart, then the owner or operator shall
assign the recovery operation equipment to any one of said TPPUs.
(6) If the predominant use of recovery operation equipment varies
from year to year, then predominant use shall be determined based on
the utilization that occurred during the year preceding September 12,
1996 or based on the expected utilization for the 5 years following
September 12, 1996 for existing affected sources, whichever is the more
representative of the expected operations for said recovery operations
equipment, and based on the first 5 years after initial start-up for
new affected sources. This determination shall be reported in the
Notification of Compliance Status required by Sec. 63.1335(e)(5). If
the predominant use changes, the redetermination of predominant use
shall be reported in the next Periodic Report.
(7) If there is an unexpected change in the utilization of recovery
operation equipment that could reasonably change the predominant use,
the owner or operator shall redetermine to which process unit the
recovery operation belongs by reperforming the procedures specified in
paragraphs (h)(2) through (h)(6) of this section.
(i) Changes or additions to plant sites. The provisions of
paragraphs (i)(1) through (i)(4) of this section apply to owners or
operators that change or add to their plant site or affected source.
Paragraph (i)(5) of this section provides examples of what are and are
not considered process changes for purposes of paragraph (i) of this
section.
(1) Adding a TPPU to a plant site. The provisions of paragraphs
(i)(1)(i) through (i)(1)(ii) of this section apply to owners or
operators that add TPPUs to a plant site.
(i) If a TPPU is added to a plant site, said addition shall be a
new affected source and shall be subject to the requirements for a new
affected source in this subpart upon initial start-up or by September
12, 1996, whichever is later, if said addition meets the criteria
specified in paragraphs (i)(1)(i)(A) through (i)(1)(i)(B) and either
(i)(1)(i)(C) or (i)(1)(i)(D) of this section:
(A) Said addition meets the definition of construction in
Sec. 63.2;
(B) Such construction commenced after March 29, 1995; and
(C) Said addition has the potential to emit 10 tons per year or
more of any HAP or 25 tons per year or more of any combination of HAP,
and the primary product of said addition is currently produced at the
plant site as the primary product of an affected source; or
(D) The primary product of said addition is not currently produced
at the plant site as the primary product of an affected source and the
plant site meets, or after the addition is completed will meet, the
definition of major source.
(ii) If a TPPU is added to a plant site, said addition shall be
subject to the requirements for an existing affected source in this
subpart upon initial start-up or by 3 years after September 12, 1996,
whichever is later, if said addition does not meet the criteria
specified in paragraph (i)(1)(i) of this section and the plant site
meets, or after the addition is completed will meet, the definition of
major source.
(2) Adding emission points or making process changes to existing
affected sources. The provisions of paragraphs (i)(2)(i) through
(i)(2)(ii) of this section apply to owners or operators that add
emission points or make process changes to an existing affected source.
(i) If any process change is made or emission point is added to an
existing affected source, or if a process change creating one or more
additional Group 1 emission point(s) is made to an existing affected
source, said affected source shall be a new affected source and shall
be subject to the requirements for a new affected source in this
subpart upon initial start-up or by September 12, 1996, whichever is
later, if said process change or addition meets the criteria specified
in paragraphs (i)(2)(i)(A) through (i)(2)(i)(B) of this section:
[[Page 48233]]
(A) Said process change or addition meets the definition of
reconstruction in Sec. 63.2; and
(B) Such reconstruction commenced after March 29, 1995.
(ii) If any process change is made or emission point is added to an
existing affected source, or if a process change creating one or more
additional Group 1 emission point(s) is made to an existing affected
source and said process change or addition does not meet the criteria
specified in paragraphs (i)(2)(i)(A) through (i)(2)(i)(B) of this
section, the resulting emission point(s) shall be subject to the
requirements for an existing affected source in this subpart. Said
emission point(s) shall be in compliance upon initial start-up or by 3
years after September 12, 1996, whichever is later, unless the owner or
operator demonstrates to the Administrator that achieving compliance
will take longer than making said process change or addition. If this
demonstration is made to the Administrator's satisfaction, the owner or
operator shall follow the procedures in paragraphs (i)(2)(iii)(A)
through (i)(2)(iii)(C) of this section to establish a compliance date.
(iii) To establish a compliance date for an emission point or
points specified in paragraph (i)(2)(ii) of this section, the
procedures specified in paragraphs (i)(2)(iii)(A) through
(i)(2)(iii)(C) of this section shall be followed.
(A) The owner or operator shall submit to the Administrator for
approval a compliance schedule, along with a justification for the
schedule.
(B) The compliance schedule shall be submitted within 180 days
after the process change or addition is made or the information
regarding said change or addition is known to the owner or operator,
unless the compliance schedule has been previously submitted to the
permitting authority. The compliance schedule may be submitted in the
next Periodic Report if the process change or addition is made after
the date the Notification of Compliance Status report is due.
(C) The Administrator shall approve the compliance schedule or
request changes within 120 calendar days of receipt of the compliance
schedule and justification.
(3) Existing source requirements for Group 2 emission points that
become Group 1 emission points. If a process change or addition that
does not meet the criteria in paragraph (i)(1) or (i)(2) of this
section is made to an existing plant site or existing affected source,
and the change causes a Group 2 emission point to become a Group 1
emission point, for said emission point, the owner or operator shall
comply with the requirements of this subpart for existing Group 1
emission points. Compliance shall be achieved as expeditiously as
practicable, but in no event later than 3 years after said emission
point becomes a Group 1 emission point.
(4) Existing source requirements for some emission points that
become subject to the requirements of subpart H of this part. If a
compressor becomes subject to Sec. 63.164, the owner or operator shall
be in compliance upon initial start-up or by 3 years after September
12, 1996, whichever is later, unless the owner or operator demonstrates
to the Administrator that achieving compliance will take longer than
making the change. If this demonstration is made to the Administrator's
satisfaction, the owner or operator shall follow the procedures in
paragraphs (i)(2)(iii)(A) through (i)(2)(iii)(C) of this section to
establish a compliance date.
(5) Determining what are and are not process changes. For purposes
of paragraph (i) of this section, examples of process changes include,
but are not limited to, changes in production capacity, feedstock type,
or catalyst type, or whenever there is a replacement, removal, or the
addition of recovery equipment. For purposes of paragraph (i) of this
section, process changes do not include: process upsets, unintentional
temporary process changes, and changes that are within the equipment
configuration and operating conditions documented in the Notification
of Compliance Status report required by Sec. 63.1335(e)(5).
(j) Applicability of this subpart except during periods of start-
up, shutdown, and malfunction. Each provision set forth in this subpart
or referred to in this subpart shall apply at all times except during
periods of start-up, shutdown, and malfunction if the start-up,
shutdown, or malfunction precludes the ability of a particular emission
point of an affected source to comply with one or more specific
provisions to which it is subject. Start-up, shutdown, and malfunction
is defined in Sec. 63.1312 for all emission points except equipment
leaks subject to subpart H of this part, which shall follow the
provisions for periods of start-up, malfunction, and process unit
shutdown, as defined in Sec. 63.161. Only then shall an emission point
not be required to comply with all applicable provisions of this
subpart.
Sec. 63.1311 Compliance schedule and relationship to existing
applicable rules.
(a) Affected sources are required to achieve compliance on or
before the dates specified in paragraphs (b) through (d) of this
section. Paragraph (e) of this section provides information on
requesting compliance extensions. Paragraphs (f) through (l) of this
section discuss the relationship of this subpart to subpart A of this
part and to other applicable rules. Where an override of another
authority of the Act is indicated in this subpart, only compliance with
the provisions of this subpart is required. Paragraph (m) of this
section specifies the meaning of time periods.
(b) New affected sources that commence construction or
reconstruction after March 29, 1995 shall be in compliance with this
subpart upon initial start-up or September 12, 1996, whichever is
later, as provided in Sec. 63.6(b).
(c) Existing affected sources shall be in compliance with this
subpart (except for Sec. 63.1331 for which compliance is covered by
paragraph (d) of this section) no later than 3 years after September
12, 1996, as provided in Sec. 63.6(c), unless an extension has been
granted as specified in paragraph (e) of this section.
(d) Except as provided for in paragraphs (d)(1) through (d)(5) of
this section, existing affected sources shall be in compliance with
Sec. 63.1331 no later than March 12, 1997 unless a request for a
compliance extension is granted pursuant to Section 112(i)(3)(B) of the
Act, as discussed in Sec. 63.182(a)(6).
(1) Compliance with the compressor provisions of Sec. 63.164 shall
occur no later than September 12, 1997 for any compressor meeting one
or more of the criteria in paragraphs (d)(1)(i) through (d)(1)(iii) of
this section if the work can be accomplished without a process unit
shutdown, as defined in Sec. 63.161:
(i) The seal system will be replaced;
(ii) A barrier fluid system will be installed; or
(iii) A new barrier fluid will be utilized which requires changes
to the existing barrier fluid system.
(2) Compliance with the compressor provisions of Sec. 63.164 shall
occur no later than February 12, 1998 for any compressor meeting all
the criteria in paragraphs (d)(2)(i) through (d)(2)(ii) of this
section:
(i) The compressor meets one or more of the criteria specified in
paragraphs (d)(1)(i)(A) through (d)(1)(i)(B) of this section:
(A) The work can be accomplished without a process unit shutdown as
defined in Sec. 63.161; or
(B) The additional time is actually necessary due to the
unavailability of parts beyond the control of the owner or operator.
(ii) The owner or operator submits the request for a compliance
extension to the Environmental Protection Agency
[[Page 48234]]
(EPA) Regional Office at the addresses listed in Sec. 63.13 no later
than 45 calendar days before March 12, 1997. The request for a
compliance extension shall contain the information specified in
Sec. 63.6(i)(6)(i) (A), (B), and (D). Unless the EPA Regional Office
objects to the request for a compliance extension within 30 calendar
days after receipt of the request, the request shall be deemed
approved.
(3) If compliance with the compressor provisions of Sec. 63.164
cannot reasonably be achieved without a process unit shutdown, as
defined in Sec. 63.161, the owner or operator shall achieve compliance
no later than September 14, 1998. The owner or operator who elects to
use this provision shall submit a request for a compliance extension in
accordance with the requirements of paragraph (d)(2)(ii) of this
section.
(4) If compliance with the compressor provisions of Sec. 63.164
cannot be achieved without replacing the compressor or recasting the
distance piece, the owner or operator shall achieve compliance no later
than September 13, 1999. The owner or operator who elects to use this
provision shall submit a request for a compliance extension in
accordance with the requirements of paragraph (d)(2)(ii) of this
section.
(5) Compliance with the provisions of Sec. 63.170 shall occur no
later than September 13, 1999.
(e) Pursuant to section 112(i)(3)(B) of the Act, an owner or
operator may request an extension allowing the existing source up to 1
additional year to comply with section 112(d) standards. For purposes
of this subpart, a request for an extension shall be submitted to the
operating permit authority as part of the operating permit application
or to the Administrator as a separate submittal or as part of the
Precompliance Report. Requests for extensions shall be submitted no
later than the date the Precompliance Report is required to be
submitted in Sec. 63.1335(e)(3)(i). The dates specified in Sec. 63.6(i)
for submittal of requests for extensions shall not apply to this
subpart.
(1) A request for an extension of compliance shall include the data
described in Sec. 63.6(i)(6)(i) (A),(B), and (D).
(2) The requirements in Sec. 63.6(i)(8) through Sec. 63.6(i)(14)
shall govern the review and approval of requests for extensions of
compliance with this subpart.
(f) Table 1 of this subpart specifies the provisions of subpart A
of this part that apply and those that do not apply to owners and
operators of affected sources subject to this subpart.
(g)(1) After the compliance dates specified in this section, an
affected source subject to this subpart that is also subject to the
provisions of subpart I of this part, is required to comply only with
the provisions of this subpart. After the compliance dates specified in
this section, said affected source shall no longer be subject to
subpart I of this part.
(2) Said affected sources that elected to comply with subpart I of
this part through a quality improvement program, as specified in
Sec. 63.175 or Sec. 63.176 or both, may elect to continue these
programs without interruption as a means of complying with this
subpart. In other words, becoming subject to this subpart does not
restart or reset the ``compliance clock'' as it relates to reduced
burden earned through a quality improvement program.
(h) After the compliance dates specified in this section, a storage
vessel that belongs to an affected source subject to this subpart that
is also subject to the provisions of 40 CFR part 60, subpart Kb, is
required to comply only with the provisions of this subpart. After the
compliance dates specified in this section, said storage vessel shall
no longer be subject to 40 CFR part 60, subpart Kb.
(i)(1) Except as provided in paragraph (i)(2) of this section,
after the compliance dates specified in this section, affected sources
producing PET using a continuous terephthalic acid process, producing
PET using a continuous dimethyl terephthalate process, or producing
polystyrene resin using a continuous process subject to this subpart
that are also subject to the provisions of 40 CFR part 60, subpart DDD,
are required to comply only with the provisions of this subpart. After
the compliance dates specified in this section, said sources shall no
longer be subject to 40 CFR part 60, subpart DDD.
(2) Existing affected sources producing PET using a continuous
terephthalic acid high viscosity multiple end finisher process shall
continue to be subject to 40 CFR 60.562-1(c)(2)(ii)(C). Once said
affected source becomes subject to and achieves compliance with
Sec. 63.1329(c) of this subpart, said affected source is no longer
subject to the provisions of 40 CFR part 60, subpart DDD.
(j) Affected sources subject to this subpart that are also subject
to the provisions of subpart Q of this part shall comply with both
subparts.
(k) After the compliance dates specified in this section, an
affected source subject to this subpart that is also subject to the
provisions of 40 CFR part 60, subpart VV, is required to comply only
with the provisions of this subpart. After the compliance dates
specified in this section, said source shall no longer be subject to 40
CFR part 60, subpart VV.
(l) After the compliance dates specified in this section, a
distillation operation that belongs to an affected source subject to
this subpart that is also subject to the provisions of 40 CFR part 60,
subpart NNN, is required to comply only with the provisions of this
subpart. After the compliance dates specified in this section, said
distillation operation shall no longer be subject to 40 CFR part 60,
subpart NNN.
(m) All terms in this subpart that define a period of time for
completion of required tasks (e.g., weekly, monthly, quarterly,
annual), unless specified otherwise in the section or subsection that
imposes the requirement, refer to the standard calendar periods.
(1) Notwithstanding time periods specified in this subpart for
completion of required tasks, such time periods may be changed by
mutual agreement between the owner or operator and the Administrator,
as specified in subpart A of this part (e.g., a period could begin on
the compliance date or another date, rather than on the first day of
the standard calendar period). For each time period that is changed by
agreement, the revised period shall remain in effect until it is
changed. A new request is not necessary for each recurring period.
(2) Where the period specified for compliance is a standard
calendar period, if the initial compliance date occurs after the
beginning of the period, compliance shall be required according to the
schedule specified in paragraphs (m)(i) or (m)(ii) of this section, as
appropriate.
(i) Compliance shall be required before the end of the standard
calendar period within which the compliance deadline occurs, if there
remain at least 3 days for tasks that must be performed weekly, at
least 2 weeks for tasks that must be performed monthly, at least 1
month for tasks that must be performed each quarter, or at least 3
months for tasks that must be performed annually; or
(ii) In all other cases, compliance shall be required before the
end of the first full standard calendar period after the period within
which the initial compliance deadline occurs.
(3) In all instances where a provision of this subpart requires
completion of a task during each multiple successive period, an owner
or operator may perform the required task at any time during the
specified period, provided
[[Page 48235]]
that the task is conducted at a reasonable interval after completion of
the task during the previous period.
Sec. 63.1312 Definitions.
(a) The following terms used in this subpart shall have the meaning
given them in Sec. 63.2, Sec. 63.101, Sec. 63.111, and Sec. 63.161 as
specified after each term:
Act (Sec. 63.2)
Administrator (Sec. 63.2)
Automated monitoring and recording system (Sec. 63.111)
Average concentration (Sec. 63.111)
Boiler (Sec. 63.111)
Bottoms receiver (Sec. 63.161)
By compound (Sec. 63.111)
By-product (Sec. 63.101)
Car-seal (Sec. 63.111)
Chemical manufacturing process unit (Sec. 63.101)
Closed-vent system (Sec. 63.111)
Co-product (Sec. 63.101)
Combustion device (Sec. 63.111)
Commenced (Sec. 63.2)
Compliance date (Sec. 63.2)
Compliance schedule (Sec. 63.2)
Connector (Sec. 63.161)
Construction (Sec. 63.2)
Continuous monitoring system (Sec. 63.2)
Continuous record (Sec. 63.111)
Continuous recorder (Sec. 63.111)
Cover (Sec. 63.111)
Distillation unit (Sec. 63.111)
Emission standard (Sec. 63.2)
Emissions averaging (Sec. 63.2)
EPA (Sec. 63.2)
Equipment (Sec. 63.161)
Equipment leak (Sec. 63.101)
Existing source (Sec. 63.2)
External floating roof (Sec. 63.111)
Fill (Sec. 63.111)
Fixed roof (Sec. 63.111)
Flame zone (Sec. 63.111)
Flexible operation unit (Sec. 63.101)
Floating roof (Sec. 63.111)
Flow indicator (Sec. 63.111)
Group 1 wastewater streams (Sec. 63.111)
Group 2 wastewater streams (Sec. 63.111)
Halogens and hydrogen halides (Sec. 63.111)
Hazardous air pollutant (Sec. 63.2)
Impurity (Sec. 63.101)
In organic hazardous air pollutant service (Sec. 63.161)
Incinerator (Sec. 63.111)
Instrumentation system (Sec. 63.161)
Internal floating roof (Sec. 63.111)
Lesser quantity (Sec. 63.2)
Major source (Sec. 63.2)
Malfunction (Sec. 63.2)
Mass flow rate (Sec. 63.111)
Maximum true vapor pressure (Sec. 63.111)
New source (Sec. 63.2)
Open-ended valve or line (Sec. 63.161)
Operating permit (Sec. 63.101)
Organic HAP service (Sec. 63.161)
Organic monitoring device (Sec. 63.111)
Owner or operator (Sec. 63.2)
Performance evaluation (Sec. 63.2)
Performance test (Sec. 63.2)
Permitting authority (Sec. 63.2)
Plant site (Sec. 63.101)
Point of generation (Sec. 63.111)
Potential to emit (Sec. 63.2)
Primary fuel (Sec. 63.111)
Process heater (Sec. 63.111)
Process unit shutdown (Sec. 63.161)
Process wastewater (Sec. 63.101)
Process wastewater stream (Sec. 63.111)
Product separator (Sec. 63.111)
Reactor (Sec. 63.111)
Reconstruction (Sec. 63.2)
Recovery device (Sec. 63.111)
Reference control technology for process vents (Sec. 63.111)
Reference control technology for storage vessels (Sec. 63.111)
Reference control technology for wastewater (Sec. 63.111)
Relief valve (Sec. 63.111)
Research and development facility (Sec. 63.101)
Residual (Sec. 63.111)
Run (Sec. 63.2)
Secondary fuel (Sec. 63.111)
Sensor (Sec. 63.161)
Shutdown (Sec. 63.2)
Specific gravity monitoring device (Sec. 63.111)
Start-up (Sec. 63.2)
Start-up, shutdown, and malfunction plan (Sec. 63.101)
State (Sec. 63.2)
Surge control vessel (Sec. 63.161)
Temperature monitoring device (Sec. 63.111)
Test method (Sec. 63.2)
Total resource effectiveness index value (Sec. 63.111)
Treatment process (Sec. 63.111)
Unit operation (Sec. 63.101)
Visible emission (Sec. 63.2)
Waste management unit (Sec. 63.111)
Wastewater (Sec. 63.101)
Wastewater stream (Sec. 63.111)
(b) All other terms used in this subpart shall have the meaning
given them in this section. If a term is defined in Secs. 63.2, 63.101,
63.111, or 63.161 and in this section, it shall have the meaning given
in this section for purposes of this subpart.
Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene latex resin (ABS latex) means ABS
produced through an emulsion process, however the product is not
coagulated or dried as typically occurs in an emulsion process.
Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene resin (ABS) means styrenic
terpolymers consisting primarily of acrylonitrile, 1,3-butadiene, and
styrene monomer units. ABS is usually composed of a styrene-
acrylonitrile copolymer continuous phase with dispersed butadiene
derived rubber.
Acrylonitrile styrene acrylate resin (ASA) means a resin formed
using acrylic ester-based elastomers to impact-modify styrene
acrylonitrile resin matrices.
Aggregate batch vent stream means a gaseous emission stream
containing only the exhausts from two or more batch process vents that
are ducted together before being routed to a control device that is in
continuous operation.
Affected source is defined in Sec. 63.1310(a).
Alpha methyl styrene acrylonitrile resin (AMSAN) means copolymers
consisting primarily of alpha methyl styrene and acrylonitrile.
Average flow rate, as used in conjunction with wastewater
provisions, is determined by the specifications in Sec. 63.144(c); or,
as used in conjunction with batch process vent provisions, is
determined by the specifications in Sec. 63.1323(e).
Batch cycle means the operational step or steps, from start to
finish, that occur as part of a batch unit operation. Batch cycle
limitation means an enforceable restriction on the number of batch
cycles that can be performed in a year for an individual batch process
vent.
Batch emission episode means a discrete emission venting episode
associated with a single batch unit operation. Multiple batch emission
episodes may occur from a single batch unit operation.
Batch process means a discontinuous process involving the bulk
movement of material through sequential manufacturing steps. Mass,
temperature, concentration, and other properties of the process vary
with time. Addition of raw material and withdrawal of product do not
typically occur simultaneously in a batch process. For the purposes of
this subpart, a process producing polymers is characterized as
continuous or batch based on the operation of the polymerization
reactors.
Batch process vent means a point of emission from a batch unit
operation having a gaseous emission stream with annual organic HAP
emissions greater than 225 kilograms per year. Batch process vents
exclude relief valve discharges and leaks from equipment regulated
under Sec. 63.1331.
Batch unit operation means a unit operation operated in a batch
process mode.
Compounding unit means a unit operation which blends, melts, and
resolidifies solid polymers for the purpose of incorporating additives,
colorants, or stabilizers into the final thermoplastic product. A unit
operation whose primary purpose is to remove residual monomers from
polymers is not a compounding unit.
[[Page 48236]]
Continuous process means a process where the inputs and outputs
flow continuously through sequential manufacturing steps throughout the
duration of the process. Continuous processes typically approach
steady-state conditions. Continuous processes typically involve the
simultaneous addition of raw material and withdrawal of product. For
the purposes of this subpart, a process producing polymers is
characterized as continuous or batch based on the operation of the
polymerization reactors.
Continuous process vent means a point of emission from a continuous
unit operation within an affected source having a gaseous emission
stream containing greater than 0.005 weight percent total organic HAP.
Continuous process vents exclude relief valve discharges and leaks from
equipment regulated under Sec. 63.1331.
Continuous unit operation means a unit operation operated in a
continuous process mode.
Control device is defined in Sec. 63.111, except that the term
``process vents'' shall be replaced with the term ``continuous process
vents subject to Sec. 63.1315'' for the purpose of this subpart.
Drawing unit means a unit operation which converts polymer into a
different shape by melting or mixing the polymer and then pulling it
through an orifice to create a continuously extruded product.
Emission point means an individual continuous process vent, batch
process vent, storage vessel, wastewater stream, equipment leak, heat
exchange system, or process contact cooling tower.
Emulsion process means a process carried out with the reactants in
an emulsified form (e.g., polymerization reaction).
Expandable polystyrene resin (EPS) means a polystyrene bead to
which a blowing agent has been added using either an in-situ suspension
process or a post-impregnation suspension process.
Extruding unit means a unit operation which converts polymer into a
different shape by melting or mixing the polymer and then forcing it
through an orifice to create a continuously extruded product.
Group 1 batch process vent means a batch process vent releasing
annual organic HAP emissions greater than the level specified in
Sec. 63.1323(d) and with a cutoff flow rate, calculated in accordance
with Sec. 63.1323(f), greater than or equal to the annual average flow
rate.
Group 2 batch process vent means a batch process vent that does not
fall within the definition of a Group 1 batch process vent.
Group 1 continuous process vent means a continuous process vent
releasing a gaseous emission stream that has a total resource
effectiveness index value, calculated according to Sec. 63.115, less
than or equal to 1.0 unless the continuous process vent is associated
with existing thermoplastic product process units that produce methyl
methacrylate butadiene styrene resin, then said vent falls within the
Group 1 definition if the released emission stream has a total resource
effectiveness index value less than or equal to 3.7.
Group 2 continuous process vent means a continuous process vent
that does not fall within the definition of a Group 1 continuous
process vent.
Group 1 storage vessel means a storage vessel at an existing
affected source that meets the applicability criteria specified in
Table 2 or Table 3 of this subpart, or a storage vessel at a new
affected source that meets the applicability criteria specified in
Table 4 or Table 5 of this subpart.
Group 2 storage vessel means a storage vessel that does not fall
within the definition of a Group 1 storage vessel.
Halogenated aggregate batch vent stream means an aggregate batch
vent stream determined to have a total mass emission rate of halogen
atoms contained in organic compounds of 3,750 kilograms per year or
greater determined by the procedures specified in Sec. 63.1323(h).
Halogenated batch process vent means a batch process vent
determined to have a mass emission rate of halogen atoms contained in
organic compounds of 3,750 kilograms per year or greater determined by
the procedures specified in Sec. 63.1323(h).
Halogenated continuous process vent means a continuous process vent
determined to have a mass emission rate of halogen atoms contained in
organic compounds of 0.45 kilograms per hour or greater determined by
the procedures specified in Sec. 63.115(d)(2)(v).
Heat exchange system means any cooling tower system or once-through
cooling water system (e.g., river or pond water) designed and operated
to not allow contact between the cooling medium and process fluid or
gases (i.e., a noncontact system). A heat exchange system can include
more than one heat exchanger and can include recirculating or once-
through cooling systems.
Maintenance wastewater means wastewater generated by the draining
of process fluid from components in the TPPU into an individual drain
system prior to or during maintenance activities. Maintenance
wastewater can be generated during planned and unplanned shutdowns and
during periods not associated with a shutdown. Examples of activities
that can generate maintenance wastewater include descaling of heat
exchanger tubing bundles, cleaning distillation column traps, draining
of low legs and high point bleeds, draining of pumps into an individual
drain system, reactor and equipment washdown, and draining of portions
of the TPPU for repair.
Mass process means a process carried out through the use of thermal
energy (e.g., polymerization reaction). Mass processes do not utilize
emulsifying or suspending agents, but can utilize catalysts or other
additives.
Material recovery section means the equipment that recovers
unreacted or by-product materials from any process section for return
to the TPPU, off-site purification or treatment, or sale. Equipment
used to store recovered materials are not included. Equipment designed
to separate unreacted or by-product material from the polymer product
are to be included in this process section, provided that at the time
of initial compliance some of the material is recovered for reuse in
the process, off-site purification or treatment, or sale. Otherwise,
such equipment are to be assigned to one of the other process sections,
as appropriate. If equipment are used to recover unreacted or by-
product material and return it directly to the same piece of process
equipment from which it was emitted, then said recovery equipment are
considered part of the process section that contains the process
equipment. On the other hand, if equipment are used to recover
unreacted or by-product material and return it to a different piece of
process equipment in the same process section, said recovery equipment
are considered part of a material recovery section. Equipment that
treats recovered materials are to be included in this process section,
but equipment that also treats raw materials are not to be included in
this process section. The latter equipment are to be included in the
raw materials preparation section. Equipment used for the on-site
recovery of ethylene glycol from PET plants, however, are not included
in the material recovery section; they are to be included in the
polymerization reaction section. Equipment used for the on-site
recovery of ethylene glycol and other materials (e.g., methanol) from
PET plants are not included in the material recovery section; these
equipment are to be included in the polymerization reaction section.
Methyl methacrylate acrylonitrile butadiene styrene resin (MABS)
means
[[Page 48237]]
styrenic polymers containing methyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile,
butadiene, and styrene. MABS is prepared by dissolving or dispersing
polybutadiene rubber in a mixture of methyl methacrylate-acrylonitrile-
styrene and butadiene monomer. The graft polymerization is carried out
by a bulk or a suspension process.
Methyl methacrylate butadiene styrene resin (MBS) means styrenic
polymers containing methyl methacrylate, butadiene, and styrene.
Production of MBS is achieved using an emulsion process in which methyl
methacrylate and styrene are grafted onto a styrene-butadiene rubber.
Nitrile resin means a resin produced through the polymerization of
acrylonitrile, methyl acrylate, and butadiene latex using an emulsion
process.
Organic hazardous air pollutant(s) (organic HAP) means one or more
of the chemicals listed in Table 6 of this subpart or any other
chemical which is:
(1) Knowingly introduced into the manufacturing process other than
as an impurity, or has been or will be reported under any Federal or
State program, such as Title V or the Emergency Planning and Community
Right-To-Know Act section 311, 312, or 313; and
(2) Listed in Table 2 of subpart F of this part.
PET using a dimethyl terephthalate process means the manufacturing
of PET based on the esterification of dimethyl terephthalate with
ethylene glycol to form the intermediate monomer bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)-
terephthalate that is subsequently polymerized to form PET.
PET using a terephthalic acid process means the manufacturing of
PET based on the esterification reaction of terephthalic acid with
ethylene glycol to form the intermediate monomer bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)-
terephthalate that is subsequently polymerized to form PET.
Poly(ethylene terephthalate) resin (PET) means a polymer or
copolymer comprised of at least 50 percent bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)-
terephthalate by weight.
Polymerization reaction section means the equipment designed to
cause monomer(s) to react to form polymers, including equipment
designed primarily to cause the formation of short polymer chains
(e.g., oligomers or low polymers), but not including equipment designed
to prepare raw materials for polymerization (e.g., esterification
vessels). For the purposes of these standards, the polymerization
reaction section begins with the equipment used to transfer the
materials from the raw materials preparation section and ends with the
last vessel in which polymerization occurs. Equipment used for the on-
site recovery of ethylene glycol from PET plants, however, are included
in this process section, rather than in the material recovery process
section.
Polystyrene resin means a thermoplastic polymer or copolymer
comprised of at least 80 percent styrene or para-methylstyrene by
weight.
Primary product is defined in and determined by the procedures
specified in Sec. 63.1310(f).
Process contact cooling tower system means a cooling tower system
that is designed and operated to allow contact between the cooling
medium and process fluid or gases.
Process section means the equipment designed to accomplish a
general but well-defined task in polymers production. Process sections
include, but are not limited to, raw materials preparation,
polymerization reaction, and material recovery. A process section may
be dedicated to a single TPPU or common to more than one TPPU.
Process unit means a collection of equipment assembled and
connected by pipes or ducts to process raw materials and to manufacture
a product.
Process vent means a point of emission from a unit operation having
a gaseous emission stream. Typical process vents include condenser
vents, dryer vents, vacuum pumps, steam ejectors, and atmospheric vents
from reactors and other process vessels, but do not include pressure
relief valves.
Product means a compound or material which is manufactured by a
process unit. By-products, isolated intermediates, impurities, wastes,
and trace contaminants are not considered products.
Raw materials preparation section means the equipment at a polymer
manufacturing plant designed to prepare raw materials, such as monomers
and solvents, for polymerization. For the purposes of these standards,
this process section begins with the equipment used to transfer raw
materials from storage and/or the equipment used to transfer recovered
material from the material recovery process sections, and ends with the
last piece of equipment that prepares the material for polymerization.
The raw materials preparation section may include equipment that is
used to purify, dry, or otherwise treat raw materials or raw and
recovered materials together; to activate catalysts; and to promote
esterification including the formation of some short polymer chains
(oligomers). The raw materials preparation section does not include
equipment that is designed primarily to accomplish the formation of
oligomers, the treatment of recovered materials alone, or the storage
of raw materials.
Recovery operations equipment means the equipment used to separate
the components of process streams. Recovery operations equipment
includes distillation unit, condensers, etc. Equipment used for
wastewater treatment shall not be considered recovery operations
equipment.
Solid state polymerization unit means a unit operation which,
through the application of heat, furthers the polymerization (i.e.,
increases the intrinsic viscosity) of polymer chips.
Steady-state conditions means that all variables (temperatures,
pressures, volumes, flow rates, etc.) in a process do not vary
significantly with time; minor fluctuations about constant mean values
can occur.
Storage vessel means a tank or other vessel that is used to store
liquids that contain one or more organic HAP and that has been
assigned, according to the procedures in Sec. 63.1310(g), to a TPPU
that is subject to this subpart. Storage vessels do not include:
(1) vessels permanently attached to motor vehicles such as trucks,
railcars, barges, or ships;
(2) pressure vessels designed to operate in excess of 204.9
kilopascals and without breathing or working losses to the atmosphere;
(3) vessels with capacities smaller than 38 cubic meters;
(4) vessels and equipment storing and/or handling material that
contains no organic HAP and/or organic HAP as impurities only; and
(5) wastewater storage tanks.
Styrene acrylonitrile resin (SAN) means copolymers consisting
primarily of styrene and acrylonitrile monomer units.
Suspension process means a process carried out with the reactants
in a state of suspension, typically achieved through the use of water
and/or suspending agents (e.g., polymerization reaction).
Thermoplastic product means one of the following types of products:
(1) ABS latex;
(2) ABS using a batch emulsion process;
(3) ABS using a batch suspension process;
(4) ABS using a continuous emulsion process;
(5) ABS using a continuous mass process;
(6) ASA/AMSAN;
(7) EPS;
(8) MABS;
(9) MBS;
[[Page 48238]]
(10) nitrile resin;
(11) PET using a batch dimethyl terephthalate process;
(12) PET using a batch terephthalic acid process;
(13) PET using a continuous dimethyl terephthalate process;
(14) PET using a continuous terephthalic acid process;
(15) PET using a continuous terephthalic acid high viscosity
multiple end finisher process;
(16) polystyrene resin using a batch process;
(17) polystyrene resin using a continuous process;
(18) SAN using a batch process; or
(19) SAN using a continuous process.
Thermoplastic product process unit (TPPU) means a collection of
equipment assembled and connected by process pipes or ducts, excluding
gas, sanitary sewage, water (i.e., not wastewater), and steam
connections, used to process raw materials and to manufacture a
thermoplastic product as its primary product. This collection of
equipment includes process vents from process vessels; storage vessels,
as determined in Sec. 63.1310(g); and the equipment (i.e., pumps,
compressors, agitators, pressure relief devices, sampling connection
systems, open-ended valves or lines, valves, connectors, and
instrumentation systems that are associated with the thermoplastic
product process unit) that are subject to the equipment leak provisions
as specified in Sec. 63.1331.
Total organic compounds (TOC) means those compounds excluding
methane and ethane measured according to the procedures of Method 18 or
Method 25A, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A.
Year means any consecutive 12-month period or 365 rolling days. For
the purposes of emissions averaging, the term year applies to any 12-
month period selected by the facility and defined in its Emissions
Averaging Plan. For the purposes of batch cycle limitations, the term
year applies to the 12-month period defined by the facility in its
Notification of Compliance Status.
Sec. 63.1313 Emission standards.
(a) Except as allowed under paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section,
the owner or operator of an existing or new affected source shall
comply with the provisions in:
(1) Section 63.1314 for storage vessels;
(2) Sections 63.1315 or 63.1316 through 63.1320, as appropriate,
for continuous process vents;
(3) Section 63.1321 for batch process vents;
(4) Section 63.1328 for heat exchange systems;
(5) Section 63.1329 for process contact cooling towers;
(6) Section 63.1330 for wastewater;
(7) Section 63.1331 for equipment leaks;
(8) Section 63.1333 for additional test methods and procedures;
(9) Section 63.1334 for parameter monitoring levels and excursions;
and
(10) Section 63.1335 for general recordkeeping and reporting
requirements.
(b) Instead of complying with Secs. 63.1314, 63.1315, 63.1316
through 63.1320, 63.1321, and 63.1330, the owner or operator of an
existing affected source may elect to control any or all of the storage
vessels, batch process vents, continuous process vents, and wastewater
streams within the affected source to different levels using an
emissions averaging compliance approach that uses the procedures
specified in Sec. 63.1332. An owner or operator electing to use
emissions averaging must still comply with the provisions of
Secs. 63.1314, 63.1315, 63.1316 through 63.1320, 63.1321, and 63.1330
for affected source emission points not included in the emissions
average.
(c) A State may decide not to allow the use of the emissions
averaging compliance approach specified in paragraph (b) of this
section.
Sec. 63.1314 Storage vessel provisions.
(a) This section applies to each storage vessel that belongs to an
affected source, as determined by Sec. 63.1310(g). Except as provided
in paragraphs (b) through (d) of this section, the owner or operator of
said storage vessels shall comply with the requirements of Secs. 63.119
through 63.123 and 63.148, with the differences noted in paragraphs
(a)(1) through (a)(16) of this section for the purposes of this
subpart.
(1) When the term ``storage vessel'' is used in Secs. 63.119
through 63.123 and 63.148, the definition of this term in Sec. 63.1312
shall apply for the purposes of this subpart.
(2) When the term ``Group 1 storage vessel'' is used in
Secs. 63.119 through 63.123 and 63.148, the definition of this term in
Sec. 63.1312 shall apply for the purposes of this subpart.
(3) When the term ``Group 2 storage vessel'' is used in
Secs. 63.119 through 63.123 and 63.148, the definition of this term in
Sec. 63.1312 shall apply for the purposes of this subpart.
(4) When the emissions averaging provisions of Sec. 63.150 are
referred to in Secs. 63.119 and 63.123, the emissions averaging
provisions contained in Sec. 63.1332 shall apply for the purposes of
this subpart.
(5) When December 31, 1992, is referred to in Sec. 63.119, March
29, 1995 shall apply instead, for the purposes of this subpart.
(6) When April 22, 1994, is referred to in Sec. 63.119, September
12, 1996 shall apply instead, for the purposes of this subpart.
(7) Each owner or operator shall comply with this paragraph (a)(7)
instead of Sec. 63.120(d)(1)(ii) for the purposes of this subpart. If
the control device used to comply with this section is also used to
comply with Secs. 63.1315 through 63.1330, the performance test
required for these sections is acceptable for demonstrating compliance
with Sec. 63.119(e) for the purposes of this subpart. The owner or
operator is not required to prepare a design evaluation for the control
device as described in Sec. 63.120(d)(1)(i) for the purposes of this
subpart if the performance test meets the criteria specified in
Sec. 63.120 (d)(1)(ii)(A) and (d)(1)(ii)(B).
(8) When the term ``operating range'' is used in Sec. 63.120(d)(3),
the term ``level'' shall apply instead, for the purposes of this
subpart. This level shall be established using the procedures specified
in Sec. 63.1334.
(9) When the Notification of Compliance Status requirements
contained in Sec. 63.152(b) are referred to in Secs. 63.120, 63.122,
and 63.123, the Notification of Compliance Status requirements
contained in Sec. 63.1335(e)(5) shall apply for the purposes of this
subpart.
(10) When the Periodic Report requirements contained in
Sec. 63.152(c) are referred to in Secs. 63.120, 63.122, and 63.123, the
Periodic Report requirements contained in Sec. 63.1335(e)(6) shall
apply for the purposes of this subpart.
(11) When other reports as required in Sec. 63.152(d) are referred
to in Sec. 63.122, the reporting requirements contained in
Sec. 63.1335(e)(7) shall apply for the purposes of this subpart.
(12) When the Implementation Plan requirements contained in
Sec. 63.151(c) are referred to in Sec. 63.120 and Sec. 63.122, the
owner or operator of an affected source subject to this subpart need
not comply for the purposes of this subpart.
(13) When the Initial Notification Plan requirements contained in
Sec. 63.151(b) are referred to in Sec. 63.122, the owner or operator of
an affected source subject to this subpart need not comply for the
purposes of this subpart.
(14) When the determination of equivalence criteria in
Sec. 63.102(b) is referred to in Sec. 63.121(a), the provisions in
Sec. 63.6(g) shall apply for the purposes of this subpart.
[[Page 48239]]
(15) When a performance test is required under the provisions of
Sec. 63.120(d)(1)(ii), the use of Method 18 or Method 25A, 40 CFR part
60, appendix A is allowed for the purposes of this subpart. The use of
Method 25A, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A shall comply with paragraphs
(a)(15)(i) and (a)(15)(ii) of this section.
(i) The organic HAP used as the calibration gas for Method 25A, 40
CFR part 60, appendix A shall be the single organic HAP representing
the largest percent by volume of the emissions.
(ii) The use of Method 25A, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A is
acceptable if the response from the high-level calibration gas is at
least 20 times the standard deviation of the response from the zero
calibration gas when the instrument is zeroed on the most sensitive
scale.
(16) The compliance date for storage vessels at affected sources
subject to the provisions of this section is specified in Sec. 63.1311.
(b) Owners or operators of Group 1 storage vessels that belong to a
new affected source producing SAN using a continuous process shall
control emissions to the levels indicated in paragraphs (b)(1) and
(b)(2) of this section.
(1) For storage vessels with capacities greater than or equal to
2,271 cubic meters (m\3\) containing a liquid mixture having a vapor
pressure greater than or equal to 0.5 kilopascal (kPa) but less than
0.7 kPa, emissions shall be controlled by at least 90 percent relative
to uncontrolled emissions.
(2) For storage vessels with capacities less than 151 m3
containing a liquid mixture having a vapor pressure greater than or
equal to 10 kPa, emissions shall be controlled by at least 98 percent
relative to uncontrolled emissions.
(c) Owners or operators of Group 1 storage vessels that belong to a
new or existing affected source producing ASA/AMSAN shall control
emissions by at least 98 percent relative to uncontrolled emissions.
(d) The provisions of this subpart do not apply to storage vessels
containing ethylene glycol at existing or new affected sources and
storage vessels containing styrene at existing affected sources.
Sec. 63.1315 Continuous process vents provisions.
(a) Except as provided in paragraphs (b) through (d) of this
section, the owner or operator of continuous process vents shall comply
with the requirements of Secs. 63.113 through 63.118, with the
differences noted in paragraphs (a)(1) through (a)(15) of this section
for the purposes of this subpart.
(1) When the term ``process vent'' is used in Secs. 63.113 through
63.118, apply the term ``continuous process vent,'' and the definition
of this term in Sec. 63.1312 shall apply for the purposes of this
subpart.
(2) When the term ``Group 1 process vent'' is used in Secs. 63.113
through 63.118, apply the term ``Group 1 continuous process vent,'' and
the definition of this term in Sec. 63.1312 shall apply for the
purposes of this subpart.
(3) When the term ``Group 2 process vent'' is used in Secs. 63.113
through 63.118, apply the term ``Group 2 continuous process vent,'' and
the definition of this term in Sec. 63.1312 shall apply for the
purposes of this subpart.
(4) When December 31, 1992, (i.e., subpart G of this part proposal
date) is referred to in Sec. 63.113, apply the date March 29, 1995
(i.e., proposal date for this subpart) for the purposes of this
subpart.
(5) When Sec. 63.151(f), alternative monitoring parameters, and
Sec. 63.152(e), submission of an operating permit, are referred to in
Secs. 63.114(c) and 63.117(e), Sec. 63.1335(f), alternative monitoring
parameters, and Sec. 63.1335(e)(8), submission of an operating permit,
respectively, shall apply for the purposes of this subpart.
(6) When the Notification of Compliance Status requirements
contained in Sec. 63.152(b) are referred to in Secs. 63.114, 63.117,
and 63.118, the Notification of Compliance Status requirements
contained in Sec. 63.1335(e)(5) shall apply for the purposes of this
subpart.
(7) When the Periodic Report requirements contained in
Sec. 63.152(c) are referred to in Secs. 63.117 and 63.118, the Periodic
Report requirements contained in Sec. 63.1335(e)(6) shall apply for the
purposes of this subpart.
(8) When the definition of excursion in Sec. 63.152(c)(2)(ii)(A) is
referred to in Sec. 63.118(f)(2), the definition of excursion in
Sec. 63.1334(f) of this subpart shall apply for the purposes of this
subpart.
(9) Owners and operators shall comply with Sec. 63.1334, parameter
monitoring levels and excursions, instead of Sec. 63.114(e) for the
purposes of this subpart. When the term ``range'' is used in
Secs. 63.117 and 63.118, the term ``level'' shall be used instead for
the purposes of this subpart. This level is determined in accordance
with Sec. 63.1334.
(10) If a batch process vent is combined with a continuous process
vent prior to being routed to a control device, the combined vent
stream shall comply with either paragraph (a)(10)(i) or (a)(10)(ii) of
this section, as appropriate.
(i) If the continuous process vent is a Group 1 continuous process
vent, the combined vent stream shall comply with all requirements for a
Group 1 continuous process vent stream in Secs. 63.113 through 63.118,
with the differences noted in paragraphs (a)(1) through (a)(9) of this
section, for the purposes of this subpart.
(ii) If the continuous process vent is a Group 2 continuous process
vent, the total resource effectiveness (TRE) index value for the
combined vent stream shall be calculated at the exit of any recovery
device and prior to the control device at maximum representative
operating conditions. For combined vent streams containing continuous
and batch process vents, the maximum representative operating
conditions shall be during periods when batch emission episodes are
venting to the control device, resulting in the highest concentration
of organic HAP in the combined vent stream.
(11) If a batch process vent is combined with a continuous process
vent prior to being routed to a recovery device, the TRE index value
for the combined vent stream shall be calculated at the exit of the
recovery device at maximum representative operating conditions for the
purposes of this subpart. For combined vent streams containing
continuous and batch process vents, the maximum representative
operating conditions shall be during periods when batch emission
episodes are venting to the recovery device, resulting in the highest
concentration of organic HAP in the combined vent stream.
(12) When reports of process changes are required under Sec. 63.118
(g), (h), (i), and (j), paragraphs (a)(12)(i) through (a)(12)(iv) of
this section shall apply for the purposes of this subpart.
(i) For the purposes of this subpart, whenever a process change, as
defined in Sec. 63.115(e), is made that causes a Group 2 continuous
process vent to become a Group 1 continuous process vent, the owner or
operator shall submit a report within 180 operating days after the
process change is made or the information regarding the process change
is known to the owner or operator. This report may be included in the
next Periodic Report, as specified in Sec. 63.1335(e)(6)(iii)(D)(2).
The following information shall be submitted:
(A) A description of the process change; and
(B) A schedule for compliance with the provisions of this subpart,
as required under Sec. 63.1335(e)(6)(iii)(D)(2).
[[Page 48240]]
(ii) Whenever a process change, as defined in Sec. 63.115(e), is
made that causes a Group 2 process vent with a TRE greater than 4.0 to
become a Group 2 process vent with a TRE less than 4.0, the owner or
operator shall submit a report within 180 operating days after the
process change is made or the information regarding the process change
is known to the owner or operator. This report may be included in the
next Periodic Report, as specified in Sec. 63.1335(e)(6)(iii)(D)(2).
The following information shall be submitted:
(A) A description of the process change; and
(B) A schedule for compliance with the provisions of this subpart,
as required under Sec. 63.1335(e)(6)(iii)(D)(2).
(iii) Whenever a process change, as defined in Sec. 63.115(e), is
made that causes a Group 2 process vent with a flow rate less than
0.005 standard cubic meter per minute to become a Group 2 process vent
with a flow rate of 0.005 standard cubic meter per minute or greater
and a TRE index value less than or equal to 4.0, the owner or operator
shall submit a report within 180 operating days after the process
change is made or the information regarding the process change is known
to the owner or operator. This report may be included in the next
Periodic Report, as specified in Sec. 63.1335(e)(6)(iii)(D)(2). The
following information shall be submitted:
(A) A description of the process change; and
(B) A schedule for compliance with the provisions of this subpart,
as required under Sec. 63.1335(e)(6)(iii)(D)(2).
(iv) Whenever a process change, as defined in Sec. 63.115(e), is
made that causes a Group 2 process vent with an organic HAP
concentration less than 50 parts per million by volume to become a
Group 2 process vent with an organic HAP concentration of 50 parts per
million by volume or greater and a TRE index value less than or equal
to 4.0, the owner or operator shall submit a report within 180
operating days after the process change is made or the information
regarding the process change is known to the owner or operator. This
report may be included in the next Periodic Report, as specified in
Sec. 63.1335(e)(6)(iii)(D)(2). The following information shall be
submitted:
(A) A description of the process change; and
(B) A schedule for compliance with the provisions of this subpart,
as required under Sec. 63.1335(e)(6)(iii)(D)(2).
(13) When the provisions of Sec. 63.116 (c)(3) and (c)(4) specify
that Method 18, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A shall be used, Method 18 or
Method 25A, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A may be used for the purposes of
this subpart. The use of Method 25A, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A shall
comply with paragraphs (a)(13)(i) and (a)(13)(ii) of this section.
(i) The organic HAP used as the calibration gas for Method 25A, 40
CFR part 60, appendix A shall be the single organic HAP representing
the largest percent by volume of the emissions.
(ii) The use of Method 25A, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A is
acceptable if the response from the high-level calibration gas is at
least 20 times the standard deviation of the response from the zero
calibration gas when the instrument is zeroed on the most sensitive
scale.
(14) When the provisions of Sec. 63.116(b) identify conditions
under which a performance test is not required, for purposes of this
subpart, the exemption in paragraph (a)(14)(i) shall also apply.
Further, if a performance test meeting the conditions specified in
paragraph (a)(14)(ii) of this section has been conducted by the owner
or operator, the results of said performance test may be submitted and
a performance test, as required by this section, is not required.
(i) An incinerator burning hazardous waste for which the owner or
operator complies with the requirements of 40 CFR part 264, subpart O.
(ii) Performance tests done for other subparts in 40 CFR part 60 or
part 63 where total organic HAP or TOC was measured, provided the owner
or operator can demonstrate that operating conditions for the process
and control or recovery device during the performance test are
representative of current operating conditions.
(15) The compliance date for continuous process vents subject to
the provisions of this section is specified in Sec. 63.1311.
(b) Existing affected sources producing MBS shall comply with
either paragraph (b)(1) or (b)(2) of this section.
(1) Comply with paragraph (a) of this section, as specified in
paragraphs (b)(1)(i) and (b)(1)(ii).
(i) As specified in Sec. 63.1312, Group 1 continuous process vents
at MBS existing affected sources are those with a total resource
effectiveness value less than or equal to 3.7.
(ii) When complying with this paragraph (b), the term ``TRE of
4.0'', or related terms indicating a TRE value of 4.0, referred to in
Sec. 63.113 through Sec. 63.118 shall be replaced with ``TRE of 6.7,''
for the purposes of this subpart. The TRE range of 3.7 to 6.7 for
continuous process vents at existing affected sources producing MBS
corresponds to the TRE range of 1.0 to 4.0 for other continuous process
vents, as it applies to monitoring, recordkeeping, and reporting.
(2) Not allow organic HAP emissions from the collection of
continuous process vents at the affected source to be greater than
0.000590 kg organic HAP/Mg of product. Compliance with this paragraph
(b)(2) shall be determined using the procedures specified in
Sec. 63.1333(b).
(c) New affected sources producing SAN using a batch process shall
comply with the applicable requirements in Sec. 63.1321.
(d) Affected sources producing PET or polystyrene using a
continuous process are subject to the emissions control provisions of
Sec. 63.1316, the monitoring provisions of Sec. 63.1317, the testing
and compliance demonstration provisions of Sec. 63.1318, the
recordkeeping provisions of Sec. 63.1319, and the reporting provisions
of Sec. 63.1320.
Sec. 63.1316 PET and polystyrene continuous process affected sources--
emissions control provisions.
(a) The owner or operator of an affected source producing PET using
a continuous process shall comply with paragraph (b) of this section.
The owner or operator of an affected source producing polystyrene using
a continuous process shall comply with paragraph (c) of this section.
(b) Each owner or operator of an affected source producing PET
using a continuous process shall comply with the requirements specified
in paragraphs (b)(1) or (b)(2) of this section, as appropriate, and not
with any of the requirements specified in 40 CFR part 60, subpart DDD.
Compliance can be based on either organic HAP or TOC.
(1) Each owner or operator of an affected source producing PET
using a continuous dimethyl terephthalate process shall comply with
paragraphs (b)(1)(i) through (b)(1)(iv) of this section.
(i) For existing affected sources with organic HAP emissions from
continuous process vents in the collection of material recovery
sections (i.e., methanol recovery) within the affected source greater
than 0.12 kg organic HAP/Mg of product, as determined by the procedure
specified in Sec. 63.1318(b) and for all new affected sources, limit
organic HAP emissions from continuous process vents in the collection
of material recovery sections within the affected source by complying
with one of the following:
(A) Not allow emissions to be greater than 0.018 kg organic HAP/Mg
of product; or
[[Page 48241]]
(B) Not allow the outlet gas stream temperature from each final
condenser in a material recovery section to exceed +3 deg. C (+37 deg.
F).
(ii) Limit organic HAP emissions from the continuous process vents
in the collection of polymerization reaction sections within the
affected source (including emissions from any equipment used to further
recover ethylene glycol, but excluding emissions from process contact
cooling towers) to 0.02 kg organic HAP/Mg of product or less.
(iii) Limit organic HAP emissions from continuous process vents not
included in a material recovery section, as specified in paragraph
(b)(1)(i) of this section, or not included in a polymerization reaction
section, as specified in paragraph (b)(1)(ii) of this section, by
complying with Sec. 63.1315.
(iv) Limit organic HAP emissions from all batch process vents by
complying with Sec. 63.1321.
(2) Each owner or operator of an affected source producing PET
using a continuous terephthalic acid process shall comply with
paragraphs (b)(2)(i) through (b)(2)(iv) of this section.
(i) Limit organic HAP emissions from the continuous process vents
associated with the esterification vessels in the collection of raw
materials preparation sections within the affected source to 0.04 kg
organic HAP/Mg of product or less. Limit organic HAP emissions
associated with other continuous process vents in the collection of raw
materials preparation sections within the affected source by complying
with Sec. 63.1315.
(ii) Limit organic HAP emissions from the continuous process vents
in the collection of polymerization reaction sections within the
affected source (including emissions from any equipment used to further
recover ethylene glycol, but excluding emissions from process contact
cooling towers) to 0.02 kg organic HAP/Mg of product or less.
(iii) Limit organic HAP emissions from continuous process vents not
included in a raw materials preparation section, as specified in
paragraphs (b)(2)(i) of this section, or not included in a
polymerization reaction section, as specified in paragraph (b)(2)(ii)
of this section, by complying with Sec. 63.1315.
(iv) Limit organic HAP emissions from all batch process vents by
complying with Sec. 63.1321.
(c) Each owner or operator of an affected source producing
polystyrene resin using a continuous process shall comply with the
requirements specified in paragraphs (c)(1) through (c)(3) of this
section, as appropriate, and not with any of the requirements specified
in 40 CFR part 60, subpart DDD. Compliance can be based on either
organic HAP or TOC.
(1) Limit organic HAP emissions from continuous process vents in
the collection of material recovery sections within the affected source
by complying with one of the following:
(i) Not allow emissions to be greater than 0.0036 kg organic HAP/Mg
of product;
(ii) Not allow the outlet gas stream temperature from each final
condenser in a material recovery section to exceed -25 deg.C
(-13 deg.F); or
(iii) Comply with one of the following:
(A) Reduce emissions by 98 weight percent or to a concentration of
20 parts per million by volume (ppmv) on a dry basis, whichever is less
stringent. If an owner or operator elects to comply with the 20 ppmv
standard, the concentration shall include a correction to 3 percent
oxygen only when supplemental combustion air is used to combust the
emissions;
(B) Combust the emissions in a boiler or process heater with a
design heat input capacity of 150 million Btu/hr or greater by
introducing the emissions into the flame zone of the boiler or process
heater; or
(C) Combust the emissions in a flare that complies with the
requirements of Sec. 63.11(b).
(2) Limit organic HAP emissions from continuous process vents not
included in a material recovery section, as specified in paragraph
(c)(1)(i) of this section, by complying with Sec. 63.1315.
(3) Limit organic HAP emissions from all batch process vents by
complying with Sec. 63.1321.
Sec. 63.1317 PET and polystyrene continuous process affected
sources--monitoring provisions.
Continuous process vents using a control or recovery device to
comply with Sec. 63.1316 shall comply with the applicable monitoring
provisions specified for continuous process vents in Sec. 63.1315(a),
except as specified in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section.
(a) For the purposes of paragraph (a) of this section, owners or
operators shall ignore references to group determinations (i.e., total
resource effectiveness) and are not required to comply with
Sec. 63.113.
(b) The monitoring period for condenser exit temperature when
complying with Sec. 63.1316(b)(1)(i)(B) or Sec. 63.1316(c)(1)(ii) shall
be each consecutive 3-hour continuous period (e.g., 6 am to 9 am, 9 am
to 12 pm). Each owner or operator shall designate said monitoring
period in the Notification of Compliance Status required by
Sec. 63.1335(e)(5).
Sec. 63.1318 PET and polystyrene continuous process affected
sources--testing and compliance demonstration provisions.
(a) Except as specified in paragraphs (b) through (d) of this
section, continuous process vents using a control or recovery device to
comply with Sec. 63.1316 shall comply with the applicable testing and
compliance provisions for continuous process vents specified in
Sec. 63.1315, except that, for the purposes of this paragraph (a),
owners or operators shall ignore references to group determination
(i.e., total resource effectiveness) and are not required to comply
with Sec. 63.113.
(b) PET Affected Sources Using a Dimethyl Terephthalate Process--
Applicability Determination Procedure. Owners or operators shall
calculate organic HAP emissions from the collection of material
recovery sections at an existing affected source producing PET using a
continuous dimethyl terephthalate process to determine whether
Sec. 63.1316(a)(1)(i) is applicable using the procedures specified in
either paragraph (b)(1) or (b)(2) of this section.
(1) Use Equation 1 of this subpart to determine mass emissions per
mass product as specified in paragraphs (b)(1)(i) and (b)(1)(ii) of
this section.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR12SE96.000
where:
ER=Emission rate of total organic HAP or TOC, kg/Mg product.
Ei=Emission rate of total organic HAP or TOC in continuous process
vent i, kg/hr.
Pp=The rate of polymer produced, kg/hr.
n=Number of continuous process vents in the collection of material
recovery sections at the affected source.
0.001=Conversion factor, kg to Mg.
(i) The mass emission rate for each continuous process vent,
Ei, shall be determined according to the procedures specified in
Sec. 63.116(c)(4). The sampling site for determining whether
Sec. 63.1316(a)(1)(i) is applicable shall be before any add-on control
devices (i.e., those required by regulation) and after those recovery
devices installed as part of operating the material recovery section.
When the provisions of Sec. 63.116(c)(4) specify that Method 18, 40 CFR
part 60, appendix A shall be used, Method 18 or Method 25A, 40 CFR part
60, appendix A may be used for the purposes of this subpart. The use of
[[Page 48242]]
Method 25A, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A shall comply with paragraphs
(b)(1)(i)(A) and (b)(1)(i)(B) of this section.
(A) The organic HAP used as the calibration gas for Method 25A, 40
CFR part 60, appendix A shall be the single organic HAP representing
the largest percent by volume of the emissions.
(B) The use of Method 25A, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A is acceptable
if the response from the high-level calibration gas is at least 20
times the standard deviation of the response from the zero calibration
gas when the instrument is zeroed on the most sensitive scale.
(ii) The rate of polymer produced, Pp (kg/hr), shall be
determined by dividing the weight (kg) of polymer pulled from the
process line during the performance test by the number of hours taken
to perform the performance test. The weight of polymer pulled shall be
determined by direct measurement or by an alternate methodology, such
as materials balance. If an alternate methodology is used, a
description of the methodology, including all procedures, data, and
assumptions shall be submitted as part of the Notification of
Compliance Status required by Sec. 63.1335(e)(5).
(2) Use engineering assessment, as described in
Sec. 63.1323(b)(6)(i), to demonstrate that mass emissions per mass
product are less than or equal to 0.07 kg organic HAP/Mg product. If
engineering assessment shows that mass emissions per mass product are
greater than 0.07 kg organic HAP/Mg product and the owner or operator
wishes to demonstrate that mass emissions per mass product are less
than the threshold emission rate of 0.12 kg organic HAP/Mg product, the
owner or operator shall use the procedures specified in paragraph
(b)(1) of this section.
(c) Compliance with Mass Emissions per Mass Product Standards.
Owners or operators complying with Sec. 63.1316 (b)(1)(i)(A),
(b)(1)(ii), (b)(2)(i), (b)(2)(ii), and (c)(1)(i) shall demonstrate
compliance with the mass emissions per mass product requirements using
the procedures specified in paragraph (b)(1) of this section, except
that the sampling site specified in paragraph (b)(1)(i) of this section
shall be at the outlet of the last control or recovery device.
(d) Compliance with Temperature Limits for Final Condensers. Owners
or operators complying with Sec. 63.1316(b)(1)(i)(B) or
Sec. 63.1316(c)(1)(ii) shall perform an initial performance test as
specified in paragraph (d)(1) of this section to demonstrate initial
compliance with the temperature limit requirements and shall
demonstrate continuous compliance as specified in paragraph (d)(2) of
this section.
(1) Using the temperature monitoring device specified by the
applicable monitoring provisions specified for continuous process vents
in Sec. 63.1315, an average exit temperature shall be determined based
on the average exit temperature for three performance tests. The
average exit temperature for each 3-hour performance test shall be
based on measurements taken at least every 15 minutes for 3 hours of
continuous operation under maximum representative operating conditions
for the process. For emissions streams containing continuous and batch
process vents, the maximum representative operating conditions shall be
during periods when batch emission episodes are venting to the control
device resulting in the highest concentration of organic HAP in the
emissions stream.
(2) As specified in Sec. 63.1317(b), continuous compliance shall be
determined based on an average exit temperature determined for each
consecutive 3-hour continuous period. Each 3-hour period where the
average exit temperature is more than 6 deg.C (10 deg.F) above the
applicable specified temperature limit shall be considered an
exceedance of the monitoring provisions.
Sec. 63.1319 PET and polystyrene continuous process affected sources--
recordkeeping provisions.
(a) Except as specified in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section,
owners or operators using a control or recovery device to comply with
Sec. 63.1316 shall comply with the applicable recordkeeping provisions
specified in Sec. 63.1315, except that, for the purposes of this
paragraph (a), owners or operators shall ignore references to group
determinations (i.e., total resource effectiveness) and are not
required to comply with Sec. 63.113.
(b) Records Demonstrating Compliance With the Applicability
Determination Procedure for PET Affected Sources Using a Dimethyl
Terephthalate Process. Each owner or operator, as appropriate, shall
keep the following data, as appropriate, up-to-date and readily
accessible:
(1) Results of the mass emissions per mass product calculation
specified in Sec. 63.1318(b).
(2) If complying with Sec. 63.1316 by demonstrating that mass
emissions per mass product are less than or equal to the level
specified in Sec. 63.1316(a)(1)(i), the information specified in
paragraphs (b)(2)(i) and (b)(2)(ii) of this section.
(i) Each process operation variable (e.g., pressure, temperature,
type of catalyst) that may result in an increase in the mass emissions
per mass product should said variable be changed.
(ii) Records of any change in process operation that increases the
mass emissions per mass product.
(c) Records Demonstrating Compliance with Temperature Limits for
Final Condensers. Owners or operators of continuous process vents
complying with Sec. 63.1316(b)(1)(i)(B) or Sec. 63.1316(c)(1)(ii) shall
keep the following data, as appropriate, up-to-date and readily
accessible:
(1) Records of monitoring data as specified in Sec. 63.1315, except
that the monitoring period shall be each consecutive 3-hour continuous
period.
(2) Results of the performance test specified in Sec. 63.1318(d)(1)
and any other performance test that may be subsequently required.
Sec. 63.1320 PET and polystyrene continuous process affected sources--
reporting provisions.
(a) Except as specified in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section,
owners and operators using a control or recovery device to comply with
Sec. 63.1316 shall comply with the applicable reporting provisions
specified in Sec. 63.1315, except that, for the purposes of this
paragraph (a), owners or operators shall ignore references to group
determinations (i.e., total resource effectiveness) and are not
required to comply with Sec. 63.113.
(b) Reporting for PET Affected Sources Using a Dimethyl
Terephthalate Process. Each owner or operator complying with
Sec. 63.1316 by demonstrating that mass emissions per mass product are
less than or equal to the level specified in Sec. 63.1316(a)(1)(i)
shall comply with paragraphs (b)(1) through (b)(3) of this section.
(1) Include the information specified in Sec. 63.1319(b)(2)(ii) in
each Periodic Report, required by Sec. 63.1335(e)(6), as appropriate.
(2) Include the information specified in Sec. 63.1319 (b)(1) or
(b)(2) in the Notification of Compliance Status, required by
Sec. 63.1335(e)(5), for the initial determination and in the
appropriate Periodic Report, required by Sec. 63.1335(e)(6), for any
subsequent determinations that may be required.
(3) Whenever a process change, as defined in Sec. 63.115(e), is
made that causes emissions from continuous process vents in the
collection of material recovery sections (i.e., methanol recovery)
within the affected source to be greater than 0.12 kg organic HAP/Mg of
product, the owner or operator shall submit a report within
[[Page 48243]]
180 operating days after the process change is made or the information
regarding the process change is known to the owner or operator. This
report may be included in the next Periodic Report as specified in
Sec. 63.1335(e)(6)(iii)(D)(2). The following information shall be
submitted:
(i) A description of the process change; and
(ii) A schedule for compliance with the provisions of this subpart,
as required under Sec. 63.1335(e)(6)(iii(D)(2).
(c) Reporting for Affected Sources Complying With Temperature
Limits for Final Condensers. Each owner or operator complying with
Sec. 63.1316(b)(1)(i)(B) or Sec. 63.1316(c)(1)(ii) shall comply with
paragraphs (c)(1) and (c)(2) of this section.
(1) Report periods when the 3-hour average exit temperature is more
than 6 deg. C (10 deg. F) above the applicable specified temperature
limit in each Periodic Report, required by Sec. 63.1335(e)(6), as
appropriate.
(2) Include the information specified in Sec. 63.1319(c)(2) in the
Notification of Compliance Status, required by Sec. 63.1335(e)(5), for
the initial performance test and in the appropriate Periodic Report,
required by Sec. 63.1335(e)(6), for any subsequent performance tests
that may be required.
(3) Include the information specified in Sec. 63.1317(b) in the
Notification of Compliance Status, required by Sec. 63.1335(e)(5).
Sec. 63.1321 Batch process vents provisions.
(a) Batch process vents. Except as specified in paragraphs (b) and
(c) of this section, owners and operators of new and existing affected
sources with batch process vents shall comply with the requirements in
Secs. 63.1322 through 63.1327. The batch process vent group status
shall be determined in accordance with Sec. 63.1323. Batch process
vents classified as Group 1 shall comply with the reference control
technology requirements for Group 1 batch process vents in
Sec. 63.1322, the monitoring requirements in Sec. 63.1324, the
performance test methods and procedures to determine compliance
requirements in Sec. 63.1325, the recordkeeping requirements in
Sec. 63.1326, and the reporting requirements in Sec. 63.1327. All Group
2 batch process vents shall comply with the applicable reference
control technology requirements in Sec. 63.1322, the recordkeeping
requirements in Sec. 63.1326, and the reporting requirements in
Sec. 63.1327.
(b) New SAN batch affected sources. Owners and operators of new SAN
affected sources using a batch process shall comply with the
requirements of Sec. 63.1322 through Sec. 63.1327 for batch process
vents and aggregate batch vent streams except as specified in
paragraphs (b)(1) through (b)(2) of this section. For continuous
process vents, owners and operators shall comply with the requirements
of Sec. 63.1322 through Sec. 63.1327 except as specified in paragraph
(b)(3) of this section.
(1) For batch process vents, the determination of group status
(i.e., Group 1/Group 2) under Sec. 63.1323 is not required.
(2) For batch process vents and aggregate batch vent streams, the
control requirements for individual batch process vents or aggregate
batch vent streams (e.g., 90 percent emission reduction) as specified
in Sec. 63.1322(a)(1), (a)(2), (b)(1), and (b)(2) shall not apply.
(3) Continuous process vents using a control or recovery device to
comply with Sec. 63.1322(a)(3) are subject to the applicable
requirements in Sec. 63.1315(a), as appropriate, except as specified in
paragraphs (b)(3)(i) and (b)(3)(ii) of this section.
(i) Said continuous process vents are not subject to the group
determination procedures of Sec. 63.115 for the purposes of this
subpart.
(ii) Said continuous process vents are not subject to the reference
control technology provisions of Sec. 63.113 for the purposes of this
subpart.
(c) Aggregate batch vent streams. Aggregate batch vent streams, as
defined in Sec. 63.1312, are subject to the control requirements for
individual batch process vents, as specified in Sec. 63.1322(b), as
well as the monitoring, testing, recordkeeping, and reporting
requirements specified in Sec. 63.1324 through Sec. 63.1327.
Sec. 63.1322 Batch process vents--reference control technology.
(a) Batch process vents. The owner or operator of a Group 1 batch
process vent, as determined using the procedures in Sec. 63.1323, shall
comply with the requirements of either paragraph (a)(1) or (a)(2) of
this section, except as provided for in paragraph (a)(3) of this
section. Compliance can be based on either organic HAP or TOC.
(1) For each batch process vent, reduce organic HAP emissions using
a flare.
(i) The flare shall comply with the requirements of Sec. 63.11(b).
(ii) Halogenated batch process vents, as defined in Sec. 63.1312,
shall not be vented to a flare.
(2) For each batch process vent, reduce organic HAP emissions for
the batch cycle by 90 weight percent using a control device. Owners or
operators may achieve compliance with this paragraph (a)(2) through the
control of selected batch emission episodes or the control of portions
of selected batch emission episodes. Documentation demonstrating how
the 90 weight percent emission reduction is achieved is required by
Sec. 63.1325(c)(2).
(3) The owner or operator of a new affected source producing SAN
using a batch process shall reduce organic HAP emissions from the
collection of batch process vents, aggregate batch vent streams, and
continuous process vents by 84 weight percent. Compliance with this
paragraph (a)(3) shall be demonstrated using the procedures specified
in Sec. 63.1333(c).
(b) Aggregate batch vent streams. The owner or operator of an
aggregate batch vent stream that contains one or more Group 1 batch
process vents shall comply with the requirements of either paragraph
(b)(1) or (b)(2) of this section, except as provided for in paragraph
(b)(3) of this section. Compliance can be based on either organic HAP
or TOC.
(1) For each aggregate batch vent stream, reduce organic HAP
emissions using a flare.
(i) The flare shall comply with the requirements of Sec. 63.11(b).
(ii) Halogenated aggregate batch vent streams, as defined in
Sec. 63.1312, shall not be vented to a flare.
(2) For each aggregate batch vent stream, reduce organic HAP
emissions by 90 weight percent on a continuous basis using a control
device.
(3) The owner or operator of a new affected source producing SAN
using a batch process shall comply with paragraph (a)(3) of this
section.
(c) Halogenated emissions. Halogenated Group 1 batch process vents,
halogenated aggregate batch vent streams, and halogenated continuous
process vents that are combusted as part of complying with paragraph
(a)(2), (a)(3), (b)(2), or (b)(3) of this section, as appropriate,
shall be controlled according to either paragraph (c)(1) or (c)(2) of
this section.
(1) If a combustion device is used to comply with paragraph (a)(2),
(a)(3), (b)(2), or (b)(3) of this section for a halogenated batch
process vent, halogenated aggregate batch vent stream, or halogenated
continuous process vent, said emissions shall be ducted from the
combustion device to an additional control device that reduces overall
emissions of hydrogen halides and halogens by 99 percent before said
emissions are discharged to the atmosphere.
(2) A control device may be used to reduce the halogen atom mass
emission
[[Page 48244]]
rate of said emissions to less than 3,750 kg/yr for batch process vents
or aggregate batch vent streams and to less than 0.45 kilograms per
hour for continuous process vents prior to venting to any combustion
control device, and thus make the batch process vent, aggregate batch
vent stream, or continuous process vent nonhalogenated. The
nonhalogenated batch process vent, aggregate batch vent stream, or
continuous process vent must then comply with the requirements of
either paragraph (a) or (b) of this section, as appropriate.
(d) If a boiler or process heater is used to comply with the
percent reduction requirement specified in paragraph (a)(2), (a)(3),
(b)(2), or (b)(3) of this section, the batch process vent, aggregate
batch vent stream, or continuous process vent shall be introduced into
the flame zone of such a device.
(e) Combination of batch process vents or aggregate batch vent
streams with continuous process vents. A batch process vent or
aggregate batch vent stream combined with a continuous process vent is
not subject to the provisions of Secs. 63.1323 through 63.1327,
providing the requirements of paragraphs (e)(1), (e)(2), and either
(e)(3) or (e)(4) of this section are met.
(1) The batch process vent or aggregate batch vent stream is
combined with a continuous process vent prior to routing the continuous
process vent to a control or recovery device. In this paragraph (e)(1),
the definitions of control device and recovery device as they relate to
continuous process vents shall be used.
(2) The only emissions to the atmosphere from the batch process
vent or aggregate batch vent stream prior to being combined with the
continuous process vent are from equipment subject to and in compliance
with Sec. 63.1331.
(3) If the batch process vent or aggregate batch vent stream is
combined with a continuous process vent prior to being routed to a
control device, the combined vent stream shall comply with the
requirements in Sec. 63.1315(a)(10). In this paragraph (e)(3), the
definition of control device as it relates to continuous process vents
shall be used.
(4) If the batch process vent or aggregate batch vent stream is
combined with a continuous process vent prior to being routed to a
recovery device, the combined vent stream shall comply with the
requirements in Sec. 63.1315(a)(11). In this paragraph (e)(4), the
definition of recovery device as it relates to continuous process vents
shall be used.
(f) Group 2 batch process vents with annual emissions greater than
or equal to the level specified in Sec. 63.1323(d). The owner or
operator of a Group 2 batch process vent with annual emissions greater
than or equal to the level specified in Sec. 63.1323(d) shall comply
with the provisions of (f)(1) and (f)(2) of this section.
(1) Establish a batch cycle limitation that ensures the Group 2
batch process vent does not become a Group 1 batch process vent.
(2) Comply with the recordkeeping requirements in
Sec. 63.1326(d)(2), and the reporting requirements in Sec. 63.1327
(a)(3) and (b).
(g) Group 2 batch process vents with annual emissions less than the
level specified in Sec. 63.1323(d). The owner or operator of a Group 2
batch process vent with annual emissions less than the level specified
in Sec. 63.1323(d) shall comply with either paragraphs (g)(1) and
(g)(2) of this section or with paragraphs (f)(1) and (f)(2) of this
section.
(1) Establish a batch cycle limitation that ensures emissions do
not exceed the level specified in Sec. 63.1323(d).
(2) Comply with the recordkeeping requirements in
Sec. 63.1326(d)(1), and the reporting requirements in Sec. 63.1327
(a)(2), (b), and (c).
Sec. 63.1323 Batch process vents--methods and procedures for group
determination.
(a) General requirements. Except as provided in paragraph (a)(3) of
this section and in Sec. 63.1321(b)(1), the owner or operator of batch
process vents at affected sources shall determine the group status of
each batch process vent in accordance with the provisions of this
section. This determination may be based on either organic HAP or TOC
emissions.
(1) The procedures specified in paragraphs (b) through (h) of this
section shall be followed for the expected mix of products for a given
batch process vent, as specified in paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this
section, or for the worst-case HAP emitting product, as specified in
paragraphs (a)(1)(ii) through (a)(1)(iv) of this section. ``Worst-case
HAP emitting product'' is defined in paragraph (a)(1)(iii) of this
section.
(i) If an owner or operator chooses to follow the procedures
specified in paragraphs (b) through (h) of this section for the
expected mix of products, an identification of the different products
and the number of batch cycles accomplished for each is required as
part of the group determination documentation, as specified in
Sec. 63.1326(a)(1).
(ii) If an owner or operator chooses to follow the procedures
specified in paragraphs (b) through (h) of this section for the worst-
case HAP emitting product, documentation identifying the worst-case HAP
emitting product is required as part of the group determination
documentation, as specified in Sec. 63.1326(a)(1).
(iii) Except as specified in paragraph (a)(1)(iii)(B) of this
section, the worst-case HAP emitting product is as defined in paragraph
(a)(1)(iii)(A) of this section.
(A) The worst-case HAP emitting product is the one with the highest
mass emission rate (kg organic HAP per hour) averaged over the entire
time period of the batch cycle.
(B) Alternatively, when one product is produced more than 75
percent of the time, accounts for more than 75 percent of the annual
mass of product, and the owner or operator can show that the mass
emission rate (kg organic HAP per hour) averaged over the entire time
period of the batch cycle can reasonably be expected to be similar to
the mass emission rate for other products having emissions from the
same batch process vent, said product may be considered the worst-case
HAP emitting product.
(C) An owner or operator shall determine the worst-case HAP
emitting product for a batch process vent as specified in paragraphs
(a)(1)(iii)(C)(1) through (a)(1)(iii)(C)(3) of this section.
(1) The emissions per batch emission episode shall be determined
using any of the procedures specified in paragraph (b) of this section.
The mass emission rate (kg organic HAP per hour) averaged over the
entire time period of the batch cycle shall be determined by summing
the emissions for each batch emission episode making up a complete
batch cycle and dividing by the total duration in hours of the batch
cycle.
(2) To determine the worst-case HAP emitting product as specified
under paragraph (a)(1)(iii)(A) of this section, the mass emission rate
for each product shall be determined and compared.
(3) To determine the worst-case HAP emitting product as specified
under paragraph (a)(1)(iii)(B) of this section, the mass emission rate
for the product meeting the time and mass criteria of paragraph
(a)(1)(iii)(B) of this section shall be determined, and the owner or
operator shall provide adequate information to demonstrate that the
mass emission rate for said product is similar to the mass emission
rates for the other products having emissions from the same batch
process vent. In addition, the owner or operator shall provide
information demonstrating that the selected product meets the time and
[[Page 48245]]
mass criteria of paragraph (a)(1)(iii)(B) of this section.
(iv) The annual production of the worst-case HAP emitting product
shall be determined by ratioing the production time of said product up
to a 12 month period of actual production. It is not necessary to ratio
up to a maximum production rate (i.e., 8,760 hours per year at maximum
design production).
(2) The annual uncontrolled organic HAP or TOC emissions and
average flow rate shall be determined at the exit from the batch unit
operation. For the purposes of these determinations, the primary
condenser operating as a reflux condenser on a distillation column, the
primary condenser recovering monomer or solvent from a batch stripping
operation, and the primary condenser recovering monomer or solvent from
a batch distillation operation shall be considered part of the batch
unit operation. All other devices that recover or oxidize organic HAP
or TOC vapors shall be considered control devices as defined in
Sec. 63.1312.
(3) The owner or operator of a batch process vent complying with
the flare provisions in Sec. 63.1322(a)(1) or Sec. 63.1322(b)(1) or
routing the batch process vent to a control device to comply with the
requirements in Sec. 63.1322(a)(2) or Sec. 63.1322(b)(2) is not
required to perform the batch process vent group determination
described in this section, but shall comply with all requirements
applicable to Group 1 batch process vents for said batch process vent.
(b) Determination of annual emissions. The owner or operator shall
calculate annual uncontrolled TOC or organic HAP emissions for each
batch process vent using the methods described in paragraphs (b)(1)
through (b)(8) of this section. Paragraphs (b)(1) through (b)(4) of
this section present procedures that can be used to calculate the
emissions from individual batch emission episodes. Emissions from batch
processes involving multicomponent systems are to be calculated using
the procedures in paragraphs (b)(1) through (b)(4) of this section.
Individual HAP partial pressures in multicomponent systems shall be
determined by the following methods: If the components are miscible in
one another, use Raoult's law to calculate the partial pressures; if
the solution is a dilute aqueous mixture use Henry's law constants to
calculate partial pressures; if Raoult's law or Henry's law are not
appropriate (or available) use experimentally obtained activity
coefficients, Henry's law constants, or solubility data; if Raoult's
law or Henry's law are not appropriate use models, such as the group-
contribution models, to predict activity coefficients; and if Raoult's
law or Henry's law are not appropriate assume the components of the
system behave independently and use the summation of all vapor
pressures from the HAP's as the total HAP partial pressure. Chemical
property data can be obtained from standard reference texts. Paragraph
(b)(5) of this section describes how direct measurement can be used to
estimate emissions. If the owner or operator can demonstrate that the
procedures in paragraphs (b)(1) through (b)(4) of this section are not
appropriate to estimate emissions from a batch emission episode,
emissions may be estimated using engineering assessment, as described
in paragraph (b)(6) of this section. Owners or operators are not
required to demonstrate that direct measurement is not appropriate
before utilizing engineering assessment. Paragraph (b)(6)(ii) of this
section describes how an owner or operator shall demonstrate that the
procedures in paragraphs (b)(1) through (b)(4) of this section are not
appropriate. Emissions from a batch cycle shall be calculated in
accordance with paragraph (b)(7) of this section, and annual emissions
from the batch process vent shall be calculated in accordance with
paragraph (b)(8) of this section.
(1) TOC or organic HAP emissions from the purging of an empty
vessel shall be calculated using Equation 2 of this subpart. Equation 2
of this subpart does not take into account evaporation of any residual
liquid in the vessel.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR12SE96.001
where:
Eepisode=Emissions, kg/episode.
Vves=Volume of vessel, m3.
P=TOC or total organic HAP partial pressure, kPa.
MWwavg=Weighted average molecular weight of TOC or organic HAP in
vapor, determined in accordance with paragraph (b)(4)(iii) of this
section, kg/kmol.
R=Ideal gas constant, 8.314 m3bulletkPa/kmolbulletK.
T=Temperature of vessel vapor space, K.
m=Number of volumes of purge gas used.
(2) TOC or organic HAP emissions from the purging of a filled
vessel shall be calculated using Equation 3 of this subpart.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR12SE96.002
where:
Eepisode=Emissions, kg/episode.
y=Saturated mole fraction of all TOC or organic HAP in vapor phase.
Vdr=Volumetric gas displacement rate, m3/min.
P=Pressure in vessel vapor space, kPa.
MWwavg=Weighted average molecular weight of TOC or organic HAP in
vapor, determined in accordance with paragraph (b)(4)(iii) of this
section, kg/kmol.
R=Ideal gas constant, 8.314 m3bulletkPa/kmolbulletK.
T=Temperature of vessel vapor space, K.
Pi=Vapor pressure of TOC or individual organic HAP i, kPa.
xi=Mole fraction of TOC or organic HAP i in the liquid.
n=Number of
organic HAP in stream.
[[Page 48246]]
Note: Summation not required if TOC emissions are being
estimated.
Tm=Minutes/episode.
(3) Emissions from vapor displacement due to transfer of material
into or out of a vessel shall be calculated using Equation 4 of this
subpart.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR12SE96.003
where:
Eepisode=Emissions, kg/episode.
y=Saturated mole fraction of all TOC or organic HAP in vapor phase.
V=Volume of gas displaced from the vessel, m3.
P=Pressure in vessel vapor space, kPa.
MWwavg=Weighted average molecular weight of TOC or organic HAP in
vapor, determined in accordance with paragraph (b)(4)(i)(D) of this
section, kg/kmol.
R=Ideal gas constant, 8.314 m3bulletkPa/kmolbulletK.
T=Temperature of vessel vapor space, K.
(4) Emissions caused by the heating of a vessel shall be calculated
using the procedures in either paragraphs (b)(4)(i), (b)(4)(ii), or
(b)(4)(iii) of this section, as appropriate.
(i) If the final temperature to which the vessel contents is heated
is lower than 50 K below the boiling point of the HAP in the vessel,
then emissions shall be calculated using the equations in paragraphs
(b)(4)(i)(A) through (b)(4)(i)(D) of this section.
(A) Emissions caused by heating of a vessel shall be calculated
using Equation 5 of this subpart. The assumptions made for this
calculation are atmospheric pressure of 760 millimeters of mercury (mm
Hg) and the displaced gas is always saturated with volatile organic
compounds (VOC) vapor in equilibrium with the liquid mixture.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR12SE96.004
where:
Eepisode=Emissions, kg/episode.
(Pi)T1, (Pi)T2=Partial pressure (kPa) of TOC or each organic
HAP i in the vessel headspace at initial (T1) and final (T2)
temperature.
n=Number of organic HAP in stream. Note: Summation not required if TOC
emissions are being estimated.
trianglen=Number of kilogram-moles (kg-moles) of gas displaced,
determined in accordance with paragraph (b)(4)(i)(B) of this section.
101.325=Constant, kPa.
MWwavg=Weighted average molecular weight of TOC or organic HAP in
vapor, determined in accordance with paragraph (b)(4)(i)(D) of this
section, kg/kmol.
(B) The moles of gas displaced, trianglen, is calculated using
Equation 6 of this subpart.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR12SE96.005
where:
trianglen=Number of kg-moles of gas displaced.
Vfs=Volume of free space in the vessel, m3.
R=Ideal gas constant, 8.314 m3bulletkPa/kmolbulletK.
Pa1=Initial noncondensible gas pressure in the vessel, kPa.
Pa2=Final noncondensible gas pressure, kPa.
T1=Initial temperature of vessel, K.
T2=Final temperature of vessel, K.
(C) The initial and final pressure of the noncondensible gas in the
vessel shall be calculated using Equation 7 of this subpart.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR12SE96.006
where:
Pa=Initial or final partial pressure of noncondensible gas in the
vessel headspace, kPa.
101.325=Constant, kPa.
(Pi)T=Partial pressure of TOC or each organic HAP i in the vessel
headspace, kPa, at the initial or final temperature (T1 or T2).
n=Number of organic HAP in stream.
Note: Summation not required if TOC emissions are being
estimated.
(D) The weighted average molecular weight of TOC or organic HAP in
the displaced gas, MWwavg, shall be calculated using Equation 8 of
this subpart.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR12SE96.007
where:
C=TOC or organic HAP component
n=Number of TOC or organic HAP components in stream.
(ii) If the vessel contents are heated to a temperature greater
than 50 K below the boiling point, then emissions from
[[Page 48247]]
the heating of a vessel shall be calculated as the sum of the emissions
calculated in accordance with paragraphs (b)(4)(ii)(A) and
(b)(4)(ii)(B) of this section.
(A) For the interval from the initial temperature to the
temperature 50 K below the boiling point, emissions shall be calculated
using Equation 5 of this subpart, where T2 is the temperature 50 K
below the boiling point.
(B) For the interval from the temperature 50 K below the boiling
point to the final temperature, emissions shall be calculated as the
summation of emissions for each 5 K increment, where the emissions for
each increment shall be calculated using Equation 5 of this subpart.
(1) If the final temperature of the heatup is lower than 5 K below
the boiling point, the final temperature for the last increment shall
be the final temperature for the heatup, even if the last increment is
less than 5 K.
(2) If the final temperature of the heatup is higher than 5 K below
the boiling point, the final temperature for the last increment shall
be the temperature 5 K below the boiling point, even if the last
increment is less than 5 K.
(3) If the vessel contents are heated to the boiling point and the
vessel is not operating with a condenser, the final temperature for the
final increment shall be the temperature 5 K below the boiling point,
even if the last increment is less than 5 K.
(iii) If the vessel is operating with a condenser, and the vessel
contents are heated to the boiling point, the primary condenser, as
specified in paragraph (a)(2) of this section, is considered part of
the process. Emissions shall be calculated as the sum of emissions
calculated using Equation 5 of this subpart, which calculates emissions
due to heating the vessel contents to the temperature of the gas
existing the condenser, and emissions calculated using Equation 4 of
this subpart, which calculates emissions due to the displacement of the
remaining saturated noncondensible gas in the vessel. The final
temperature in Equation 5 of this subpart shall be set equal to the
exit gas temperature of the condenser. Equation 4 of this subpart shall
be used as written below in Equation 4a of this subpart, using free
space volume, and T is set equal to the condenser exit gas temperature.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR12SE96.008
where:
Eepisode=Emissions, kg/episode.
y=Saturated mole fraction of all TOC or organic HAP in vapor phase.
Vfs=Volume of the free space in the vessel, m3.
P=Pressure in vessel vapor space, kPa.
MWwavg=Weighted average molecular weight of TOC or organic HAP in
vapor, determined in accordance with paragraph (b)(4)(i)(D) of this
section, kg/kmol.
R=Ideal gas constant, 8.314 m3bulletkPa/kmolbulletK.
T=Temperature of condenser exit stream, K.
(5) The owner or operator may estimate annual emissions for a batch
emission episode by direct measurement. If direct measurement is used,
the owner or operator shall either perform a test for the duration of a
representative batch emission episode or perform a test during only
those periods of the batch emission episode for which the emission rate
for the entire episode can be determined or for which the emissions are
greater than the average emission rate of the batch emission episode.
The owner or operator choosing either of these options must develop an
emission profile for the entire batch emission episode, based on either
process knowledge or test data collected, to demonstrate that test
periods are representative. Examples of information that could
constitute process knowledge include calculations based on material
balances and process stoichiometry. Previous test results may be used
provided the results are still relevant to the current batch process
vent conditions. Performance tests shall follow the procedures
specified in paragraphs (b)(5)(i) through (b)(5)(iii) of this section.
The procedures in either paragraph (b)(5)(iv) or (b)(5)(v) of this
section shall be used to calculate the emissions per batch emission
episode.
(i) Method 1 or 1A, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A as appropriate,
shall be used for selection of the sampling sites if the flow measuring
device is a pitot tube. No traverse is necessary when Method 2A or 2D,
40 CFR part 60, appendix A is used to determine gas stream volumetric
flow rate.
(ii) Gas stream volumetric flow rate and/or average flow rate shall
be determined as specified in paragraph (e) of this section.
(iii) Method 18 or Method 25A, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A, shall be
used to determine the concentration of TOC or organic HAP, as
appropriate. Alternatively, any other method or data that has been
validated according to the applicable procedures in Method 301 of
appendix A of this part may be used. The use of Method 25A, 40 CFR part
60, appendix A shall comply with paragraphs (b)(5)(iii)(A) and
(b)(5)(iii)(B) of this section.
(A) The organic HAP used as the calibration gas for Method 25A, 40
CFR part 60, appendix A shall be the single organic HAP representing
the largest percent by volume of the emissions.
(B) The use of Method 25A, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A is acceptable
if the response from the high-level calibration gas is at least 20
times the standard deviation of the response from the zero calibration
gas when the instrument is zeroed on the most sensitive scale.
(iv) If an integrated sample is taken over the entire batch
emission episode to determine TOC or average total organic HAP
concentration, emissions shall be calculated using Equation 9 of this
subpart.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR12SE96.009
where:
Eepisode=Emissions, kg/episode.
K=Constant, 2.494 x 10-6 (ppmv)-1 (gm-mole/scm) (kg/gm)
(min/hr), where standard temperature is 20 deg.C.
Cj=Average concentration of TOC or sample organic HAP component j
of the gas stream, dry basis, ppmv.
Mj=Molecular weight of TOC or sample organic HAP component j of
the gas stream, gm/gm-mole.
AFR=Average flow rate of gas stream, dry basis, scmm.
Th=Hours/episode.
n=Number of organic HAP in stream.
Note: Summation not required if TOC emissions are being
estimated using a TOC concentration measured using Method 25A, 40
CFR part 60, appendix A.
[[Page 48248]]
(v) If grab samples are taken to determine TOC or average total
organic HAP concentration, emissions shall be calculated according to
paragraphs (b)(5)(v)(A) and (b)(5)(v)(B) of this section.
(A) For each measurement point, the emission rate shall be
calculated using Equation 10 of this subpart.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR12SE96.010
where:
Epoint=Emission rate for individual measurement point, kg/hr.
K=Constant, 2.494 x 10-6 (ppmv)-1 (gm-mole/scm) (kg/gm) (min/
hr), where standard temperature is 20 deg.C.
Cj=Concentration of TOC or sample organic HAP component j of the
gas stream, dry basis, ppmv.
Mj=Molecular weight of TOC or sample organic HAP component j of
the gas stream, gm/gm-mole.
FR=Flow rate of gas stream for the measurement point, dry basis, scmm.
n=Number of organic HAP in stream.
Note: Summation not required if TOC emissions are being
estimated using a TOC concentration measured using Method 25A, 40
CFR part 60, appendix A.
(B) The emissions per batch emission episode shall be calculated
using Equation 11 of this subpart.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR12SE96.011
where:
Eepisode=Emissions, kg/episode.
DUR=Duration of the batch emission episode, hr/episode.
Ei=Emissions for measurement point i, kg/hr.
n=Number of measurements.
(6) If the owner or operator can demonstrate that the methods in
paragraphs (b)(1) through (b)(4) of this section are not appropriate to
estimate emissions for a batch emissions episode, the owner or operator
may use engineering assessment to estimate emissions as specified in
paragraphs (b)(6)(i) and (b)(6)(ii) of this section. All data,
assumptions, and procedures used in an engineering assessment shall be
documented.
(i) Engineering assessment includes, but is not limited to, the
following:
(A) Previous test results, provided the tests are representative of
current operating practices;
(B) Bench-scale or pilot-scale test data representative of the
process under representative operating conditions;
(C) Flow rate, TOC emission rate, or organic HAP emission rate
specified or implied within a permit limit applicable to the batch
process vent; and
(D) Design analysis based on accepted chemical engineering
principles, measurable process parameters, or physical or chemical laws
or properties. Examples of analytical methods include, but are not
limited to:
(1) Use of material balances;
(2) Estimation of flow rate based on physical equipment design such
as pump or blower capacities; and
(3) Estimation of TOC or organic HAP concentrations based on
saturation conditions.
(ii) The emissions estimation equations in paragraphs (b)(1)
through (b)(4) of this section shall be considered inappropriate for
estimating emissions for a given batch emissions episode if one or more
of the criteria in paragraphs (b)(6)(ii)(A) through (b)(6)(ii)(B) of
this section are met.
(A) Previous test data are available that show a greater than 20
percent discrepancy between the test value and the estimated value.
(B) The owner or operator can demonstrate to the Administrator that
the emissions estimation equations are not appropriate for a given
batch emissions episode.
(C) Data or other information supporting a finding that the
emissions estimation equations are inappropriate as specified under
paragraph (b)(6)(ii)(A) of this section shall be reported in the
Notification of Compliance Status, as required in Sec. 63.1335(e)(5).
(D) Data or other information supporting a finding that the
emissions estimation equations are inappropriate as specified under
paragraph (b)(6)(ii)(B) of this section shall be reported in the
Precompliance Report, as required in Sec. 63.1335(e)(3).
(7) For each batch process vent, the TOC or organic HAP emissions
associated with a single batch cycle shall be calculated using Equation
12 of this subpart.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR12SE96.012
where:
where:
Ecycle=Emissions for an individual batch cycle, kg/batch cycle
Eepisode i=Emissions from batch emission episode i, kg/episode
n=Number of batch emission episodes for the batch cycle
(8) Annual TOC or organic HAP emissions from a batch process vent
shall be calculated using Equation 13 of this subpart.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR12SE96.013
where:
AE=Annual emissions from a batch process vent, kg/yr.
Ni=Number of type i batch cycles performed annually, cycles/year
Ecycle i=Emissions from the batch process vent associated with a
single type i batch cycle, as determined in paragraph (b)(7) of this
section, kg/batch cycle
n=Number of different types of batch cycles that cause the emission of
TOC or organic HAP from the batch process vent
(c) (Reserved)
(d) Minimum emission level exemption. A batch process vent with
annual emissions less than 11,800 kg/yr is considered a Group 2 batch
process vent and the owner or operator of said batch process vent shall
comply with the requirements in Sec. 63.1322 (f) or (g). The owner or
operator of said batch process vent is not required to comply with the
provisions in paragraphs (e) through (g) of this section.
(e) Determination of average flow rate. The owner or operator shall
determine the average flow rate for each batch emission episode in
accordance with one of the procedures provided in paragraphs (e)(1)
through (e)(2) of this section. The annual average flow rate for a
batch process vent shall be calculated as specified in paragraph (e)(3)
of this section.
(1) Determination of the average flow rate for a batch emission
episode by direct measurement shall be made using the procedures
specified in paragraphs (e)(1)(i) through (e)(1)(iii) of this section.
(i) The volumetric flow rate for a batch emission episode, in
standard cubic meters per minute (scmm) at 20 deg. C, shall be
determined using Method 2, 2A, 2C, or 2D, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A,
as appropriate.
(ii) The volumetric flow rate of a representative batch emission
episode shall be measured every 15 minutes.
(iii) The average flow rate for a batch emission episode shall be
calculated using Equation 14 of this subpart.
[[Page 48249]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR12SE96.014
where:
AFRepisode = Average flow rate for the batch emission episode,
scmm.
FRi = Flow rate for individual measurement i, scmm.
n = Number of flow rate measurements taken during the batch emission
episode.
(2) The average flow rate for a batch emission episode may be
determined by engineering assessment, as defined in paragraph (b)(6)(i)
of this section. All data, assumptions, and procedures used shall be
documented.
(3) The annual average flow rate for a batch process vent shall be
calculated using Equation 15 of this subpart.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR12SE96.015
where:
AFR = Annual average flow rate for the batch process vent, scmm.
DURi = Duration of type i batch emission episodes annually, hrs/
yr.
AFRepisode, i = Average flow rate for type i batch emission
episode, scmm.
n = Number of types of batch emission episodes venting from the batch
process vent.
(f) Determination of cutoff flow rate. For each batch process vent,
the owner or operator shall calculate the cutoff flow rate using
Equation 16 of this subpart.
CFR = (0.00437) (AE)-51.6 [Eq. 16]
where:
CFR = Cutoff flow rate, scmm.
AE = Annual TOC or organic HAP emissions, as determined in paragraph
(b)(8) of this section, kg/yr.
(g) Group 1/Group 2 status determination. The owner or operator
shall compare the cutoff flow rate, calculated in accordance with
paragraph (f) of this section, with the annual average flow rate,
determined in accordance with paragraph (e)(4) of this section. The
group determination status for each batch process vent shall be made
using the criteria specified in paragraphs (g)(1) and (g)(2) of this
section.
(1) If the cutoff flow rate is greater than or equal to the annual
average flow rate of the stream, the batch process vent is classified
as a Group 1 batch process vent.
(2) If the cutoff flow rate is less than the annual average flow
rate of the stream, the batch process vent is classified as a Group 2
batch process vent.
(h) Determination of halogenation status. To determine whether a
batch process vent or an aggregate batch vent stream is halogenated,
the annual mass emission rate of halogen atoms contained in organic
compounds shall be calculated using the procedures specified in
paragraphs (h)(1) through (h)(3) of this section.
(1) The concentration of each organic compound containing halogen
atoms (ppmv, by compound) for each batch emission episode shall be
determined based on any one of the following procedures:
(i) Process knowledge that no halogens or hydrogen halides are
present in the process may be used to demonstrate that a batch emission
episode is nonhalogenated. Halogens or hydrogen halides that are
unintentionally introduced into the process shall not be considered in
making a finding that a batch emission episode is nonhalogenated.
(ii) Engineering assessment as discussed in paragraph (b)(6)(i) of
this section.
(iii) Concentration of organic compounds containing halogens and
hydrogen halides as measured by Method 26 or 26A, 40 CFR part 60,
appendix A.
(iv) Any other method or data that has been validated according to
the applicable procedures in Method 301 of appendix A of this part.
(2) The annual mass emissions of halogen atoms for a batch process
vent shall be calculated using Equation 17 of this subpart.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR12SE96.016
where:
Ehalogen = Mass of halogen atoms, dry basis, kg/yr.
K = Constant, 0.022 (ppmv)-1 (kg-mole per scm) (minute/yr), where
standard temperature is 20 deg.C.
AFR = Annual average flow rate of the batch process vent, determined
according to paragraph (e) of this section, scmm.
Mj, i = Molecular weight of halogen atom i in compound j, kg/kg-
mole.
Lj, i = Number of atoms of halogen i in compound j.
n = Number of halogenated compounds j in the batch process vent.
m = Number of different halogens i in each compound j of the batch
process vent.
Cavgj = Average annual concentration of halogenated compound j in
the batch process vent as determined by using Equation 18 of this
subpart, dry basis, ppmv.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR12SE96.017
where:
DURi = Duration of type i batch emission episodes annually, hrs/
yr.
Ci = Average concentration of halogenated compound j in type i
batch emission episode, ppmv.
n = Number of types of batch emission episodes venting from the batch
process vent.
(3) The annual mass emissions of halogen atoms for an aggregate
batch vent stream shall be the sum of the annual mass emissions of
halogen atoms for all batch process vents included in the aggregate
batch vent stream.
(i) Process changes affecting Group 2 batch process vents. Whenever
process changes, as described in paragraph (i)(1)
[[Page 48250]]
of this section, are made that affect one or more Group 2 batch process
vents, the owner or operator shall comply with paragraphs (i) (2) and
(3) of this section.
(1) Examples of process changes include, but are not limited to,
changes in production capacity, production rate, feedstock type, or
catalyst type; or whenever there is replacement, removal, or
modification of recovery equipment considered part of the batch unit
operation as specified in paragraph (a)(2) of this section. An increase
in the annual number of batch cycles beyond the batch cycle limitation
constitutes a process change. For purposes of this paragraph (i),
process changes do not include: process upsets; unintentional,
temporary process changes; and changes that are within the margin of
variation on which the original group determination was based.
(2) For each batch process vent affected by a process change, the
owner or operator shall redetermine the group status by repeating the
procedures specified in paragraphs (b) through (g) of this section, as
applicable; alternatively, engineering assessment, as described in
paragraph (b)(6)(i) of this section, can be used to determine the
effects of the process change.
(3) Based on the results from paragraph (i)(2) of this section,
owners or operators shall comply with either paragraph (i)(3) (i),
(ii), or (iii) of this section.
(i) If the redetermination described in paragraph (i)(2) of this
section indicates that a Group 2 batch process vent has become a Group
1 batch process vent as a result of the process change, the owner or
operator shall submit a report as specified in Sec. 63.1327(b) and
shall comply with the Group 1 provisions in Sec. 63.1322 through
Sec. 63.1327 in accordance with the compliance schedule described in
Sec. 63.1335(e)(6)(iii)(D)(2).
(ii) If the redetermination described in paragraph (i)(2) of this
section indicates that a Group 2 batch process vent with annual
emissions less than the level specified in paragraph (d) of this
section, that is in compliance with Sec. 63.1322(g), now has annual
emissions greater than or equal to the level specified in paragraph (d)
of this section but remains a Group 2 batch process vent, the owner or
operator shall submit a report as specified in Sec. 63.1327(c) and
shall comply with Sec. 63.1322(f) in accordance with the compliance
schedule required by Sec. 63.1335(e)(6)(iii)(D)(2).
(iii) If the redetermination described in paragraph (i)(2) of this
section indicates no change in group status or no change in the
relation of annual emissions to the levels specified in paragraph (d)
of this section, the owner or operator is not required to submit a
report, as described in Sec. 63.1327(e).
(j) Process changes to new SAN affected sources using a batch
process. Whenever process changes, as described in paragraph (j)(1) of
this section, are made to a new affected source producing SAN using a
batch process, the owner or operator shall comply with paragraphs (j)
(2) and (3) of this section.
(1) Examples of process changes include, but are not limited to,
changes in production capacity, production rate, feedstock type, or
catalyst type; replacement, removal, or addition of recovery equipment
considered part of a batch unit operation, as specified in paragraph
(a)(1) of this section; replacement, removal, or addition of control
equipment associated with a continuous or batch process vent or an
aggregate batch vent stream. For purposes of this paragraph (j)(1),
process changes do not include process upsets or unintentional,
temporary process changes.
(2) The owner or operator shall redetermine the percent emission
reduction achieved using the procedures specified in Sec. 63.1333(c).
If engineering assessment, as described in paragraph (b)(6)(i) of this
section, can demonstrate that the process change did not cause the
percent emission reduction to decrease, it may be used in lieu of
redetermining the percent reduction using the procedures specified in
Sec. 63.1333(c).
(3) Where the redetermined percent reduction is less than 84
percent, the owner or operator shall submit a report as specified in
Sec. 63.1327(d) and shall comply with Sec. 63.1322(a)(3) and all
associated provisions in accordance with the compliance schedule
described in Sec. 63.1335(e)(6)(iii)(D)(2).
Sec. 63.1324 Batch process vents--monitoring provisions.
(a) General requirements. Each owner or operator of a batch process
vent or aggregate batch vent stream that uses a control device to
comply with the requirements in Sec. 63.1322(a) or Sec. 63.1322(b),
shall install the monitoring equipment specified in paragraph (c) of
this section.
(1) This monitoring equipment shall be in operation at all times
when batch emission episodes, or portions thereof, that the owner or
operator has selected to control are vented to the control device, or
at all times when an aggregate batch vent stream is vented to the
control device.
(2) The owner or operator shall operate control devices such that
monitored parameters remain above the minimum level or below the
maximum level, as appropriate, established as specified in paragraph
(f) of this section.
(b) Continuous process vents. Each owner or operator of a
continuous process vent that uses a control device or recovery device
to comply with the requirements in Sec. 63.1322(a)(3) shall comply with
the applicable requirements of Sec. 63.1315(a) as specified in
Sec. 63.1321(b).
(c) Batch process vent and aggregate batch vent stream monitoring
parameters. The monitoring equipment specified in paragraphs (c)(1)
through (c)(8) of this section shall be installed as specified in
paragraph (a) of this section. The parameters to be monitored are
specified in Table 7 of this subpart.
(1) Where an incinerator is used, a temperature monitoring device
equipped with a continuous recorder is required.
(i) Where an incinerator other than a catalytic incinerator is
used, the temperature monitoring device shall be installed in the
firebox or in the ductwork immediately downstream of the firebox in a
position before any substantial heat exchange occurs.
(ii) Where a catalytic incinerator is used, temperature monitoring
devices shall be installed in the gas stream immediately before and
after the catalyst bed.
(2) Where a flare is used, a device (including but not limited to a
thermocouple, ultra-violet beam sensor, or infrared sensor) capable of
continuously detecting the presence of a pilot flame is required.
(3) Where a boiler or process heater of less than 44 megawatts
design heat input capacity is used, a temperature monitoring device in
the firebox equipped with a continuous recorder is required. Any boiler
or process heater in which all batch process vents or aggregate batch
vent streams are introduced with the primary fuel or are used as the
primary fuel is exempt from this requirement.
(4) Where a scrubber is used with an incinerator, boiler, or
process heater in concert with the combustion of halogenated batch
process vents or halogenated aggregate batch vent streams, the
following monitoring equipment is required for the scrubber.
(i) A pH monitoring device equipped with a continuous recorder to
monitor the pH of the scrubber effluent.
(ii) A flow meter equipped with a continuous recorder shall be
located at the scrubber influent to monitor the scrubber liquid flow
rate.
(5) Where an absorber is used, a scrubbing liquid temperature
[[Page 48251]]
monitoring device and a specific gravity monitoring device are
required, each equipped with a continuous recorder.
(6) Where a condenser is used, a condenser exit temperature
(product side) monitoring device equipped with a continuous recorder is
required.
(7) Where a carbon adsorber is used, an integrating regeneration
stream flow monitoring device having an accuracy of 10
percent, capable of recording the total regeneration stream mass flow
for each regeneration cycle; and a carbon bed temperature monitoring
device, capable of recording the carbon bed temperature after each
regeneration and within 15 minutes of completing any cooling cycle are
required.
(8) As an alternate to paragraphs (c)(5) through (c)(7) of this
section, the owner or operator may install an organic monitoring device
equipped with a continuous recorder.
(d) Alternative monitoring parameters. An owner or operator of a
batch process vent or aggregate batch vent stream may request approval
to monitor parameters other than those required by paragraph (c) of
this section. The request shall be submitted according to the
procedures specified in Sec. 63.1335(f). Approval shall be requested if
the owner or operator:
(1) Uses a control device other than those included in paragraph
(c) of this section; or
(2) Uses one of the control devices included in paragraph (c) of
this section, but seeks to monitor a parameter other than those
specified in Table 7 of this subpart and paragraph (c) of this section.
(e) Monitoring of bypass lines. Owners or operators of a batch
process vent or aggregate batch vent stream using a vent system that
contains bypass lines that could divert emissions away from a control
device used to comply with Sec. 63.1322(a) or Sec. 63.1322(b) shall
comply with either paragraph (d)(1), (d)(2), or (d)(3) of this section.
Equipment such as low leg drains, high point bleeds, analyzer vents,
open-ended valves or lines, and pressure relief valves needed for
safety purposes are not subject to this paragraph (e).
(1) Properly install, maintain, and operate a flow indicator that
takes a reading at least once every 15 minutes. Records shall be
generated as specified in Sec. 63.1326(e)(3). The flow indicator shall
be installed at the entrance to any bypass line that could divert
emissions away from the control device and to the atmosphere; or
(2) Secure the bypass line valve in the non-diverting position with
a car-seal or a lock-and-key type configuration. A visual inspection of
the seal or closure mechanism shall be performed at least once every
month to ensure that the valve is maintained in the non-diverting
position and emissions are not diverted through the bypass line.
Records shall be generated as specified in Sec. 63.1326(e)(4).
(3) Continuously monitor the bypass line valve position using
computer monitoring and record any periods when the position of the
bypass line valve has changed as specified in Sec. 63.1326(e)(4).
(f) Establishment of parameter monitoring levels. Parameter
monitoring levels for batch process vents and aggregate batch vent
streams shall be established as specified in paragraphs (f)(1) through
(f)(3) of this section. For continuous process vents complying with
Sec. 63.1322(a)(3), parameter monitoring levels shall be established as
specified in Sec. 63.1315(a), except as specified in paragraph (f)(4)
of this section.
(1) For each parameter monitored under paragraph (c) of this
section, the owner or operator shall establish a level, defined as
either a maximum or minimum operating parameter as denoted in Table 8
of this subpart, that indicates proper operation of the control device.
The level shall be established in accordance with the procedures
specified in Sec. 63.1334.
(i) For batch process vents using a control device to comply with
Sec. 63.1322(a)(2), the established level shall reflect the control
efficiency established as part of the initial compliance demonstration
specified in Sec. 63.1325(c)(2).
(ii) For aggregate batch vent streams using a control device to
comply with Sec. 63.1322(b)(2), the established level shall reflect the
control efficiency requirement specified in Sec. 63.1322(b)(2).
(iii) For batch process vents and aggregate batch vent streams
using a control device to comply with Sec. 63.1322(a)(3), the
established level shall reflect the control efficiency established as
part of the initial compliance demonstration specified in
Sec. 63.1325(f)(4).
(2) The established level, along with supporting documentation,
shall be submitted in the Notification of Compliance Status or the
operating permit application as required in Sec. 63.1335(e)(5) or
Sec. 63.1335(e)(8), respectively.
(3) The operating day shall be defined as part of establishing the
parameter monitoring level and shall be submitted with the information
in paragraph (f)(2) of this section. The definition of operating day
shall specify the times at which an operating day begins and ends. The
operating day shall not exceed 24 hours.
(4) For continuous process vents using a control or recovery device
to comply with Sec. 63.1322(a)(3), the established level shall reflect
the control efficiency established as part of the initial compliance
demonstration specified in Sec. 63.1325(f)(4).
Sec. 63.1325 Batch process vents--performance test methods and
procedures to determine compliance.
(a) Use of a flare. When a flare is used to comply with
Secs. 63.1322 (a)(1), (a)(3), (b)(1), or (b)(3), the owner or operator
shall comply with the flare provisions in Sec. 63.11(b).
(b) Exceptions to performance tests. An owner or operator is not
required to conduct a performance test when a control device specified
in paragraphs (b)(1) through (b)(5) of this section is used to comply
with Sec. 63.1322 (a)(2) or (a)(3). Further, if a performance test
meeting the conditions specified in paragraph (b)(6) of this section
has been conducted by the owner or operator, the results of said
performance test may be submitted and a performance test, as required
by this section, is not required.
(1) A boiler or process heater with a design heat input capacity of
44 megawatts or greater.
(2) A boiler or process heater where the vent stream is introduced
with the primary fuel or is used as the primary fuel.
(3) A control device for which a performance test was conducted for
determining compliance with a New Source Performance Standard (NSPS)
and the test was conducted using the same procedures specified in this
section and no process changes have been made since the test. Recovery
devices used for controlling emissions from continuous process vents
complying with Sec. 63.1322(a)(3) are also eligible for the exemption
described in this paragraph (b)(3).
(4) A boiler or process heater burning hazardous waste for which
the owner or operator:
(i) Has been issued a final permit under 40 CFR part 270 and
complies with the requirements of 40 CFR part 266, subpart H; or
(ii) Has certified compliance with the interim status requirements
of 40 CFR part 266, subpart H.
(5) An incinerator burning hazardous waste for which the owner or
operator complies with the requirements of 40 CFR part 264, subpart O.
(6) Performance tests done for other subparts in 40 CFR part 60 or
part 63 where total organic HAP or TOC was measured, provided the owner
or
[[Page 48252]]
operator can demonstrate that operating conditions for the process and
control device during the performance test are representative of
current operating conditions.
(c) Batch process vent testing and procedures for compliance with
Sec. 63.1322(a)(2). Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this
section, an owner or operator using a control device to comply with
Sec. 63.1322(a)(2) shall conduct a performance test using the
procedures specified in paragraph (c)(1) of this section in order to
determine the control efficiency of the control device. An owner or
operator shall determine the percent reduction for the batch cycle
using the control efficiency of the control device as specified in
paragraphs (c)(2)(i) through (c)(2)(iii) of this section and the
procedures specified in paragraph (c)(2) of this section. Compliance
may be based on either total organic HAP or TOC. For purposes of this
paragraph (c) and all paragraphs that are part of this paragraph (c),
the term ``batch emission episode'' shall have the meaning ``period of
the batch emission episode selected for control,'' which may be the
entire batch emission episode or may only be a portion of the batch
emission episode.
(1) Performance tests shall be conducted as specified in paragraphs
(c)(1)(i) through (c)(1)(v) of this section.
(i) Except as specified in paragraph (c)(1)(i)(A) of this section,
a test shall be performed for the entire period of each batch emission
episode in the batch cycle that the owner or operator selects to
control as part of achieving the required 90 percent emission reduction
for the batch cycle specified in Sec. 63.1322(a)(2). Only one test is
required for each batch emission episode selected by the owner or
operator for control. The owner or operator shall follow the procedures
listed in paragraphs (c)(1)(i)(B) through (c)(1)(i)(D) of this section.
(A) Alternatively, an owner or operator may choose to test only
those periods of the batch emission episode during which the emission
rate for the entire episode can be determined or during which the
emissions are greater than the average emission rate of the batch
emission episode. The owner or operator choosing either of these
options must develop an emission profile for the entire batch emission
episode, based on either process knowledge or test data collected, to
demonstrate that test periods are representative. Examples of
information that could constitute process knowledge include
calculations based on material balances and process stoichiometry.
Previous test results may be used provided the results are still
relevant to the current batch process vent conditions.
(B) Method 1 or 1A, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A, as appropriate,
shall be used for selection of the sampling sites if the flow measuring
device is a pitot tube. No traverse is necessary when Method 2A or 2D,
40 CFR part 60, appendix A is used to determine gas stream volumetric
flow rate. Inlet sampling sites shall be located as specified in
paragraphs (c)(1)(i)(B)(1) and (c)(1)(i)(B)(2) of this section. Outlet
sampling sites shall be located at the outlet of the control device
prior to release to the atmosphere.
(1) The control device inlet sampling site shall be located at the
exit from the batch unit operation before any control device.
Sec. 63.1323(a)(2) describes those recovery devices considered part of
the unit operation. Inlet sampling sites would be after these specified
recovery devices.
(2) If a batch process vent is introduced with the combustion air
or as a secondary fuel into a boiler or process heater with a design
capacity less than 44 megawatts, selection of the location of the inlet
sampling sites shall ensure the measurement of total organic HAP or TOC
(minus methane and ethane) concentrations in all batch process vents
and primary and secondary fuels introduced into the boiler or process
heater.
(C) Gas stream volumetric flow rate and/or average flow rate shall
be determined as specified in Sec. 63.1323(e).
(D) Method 18 or Method 25A, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A shall be
used to determine the concentration of organic HAP or TOC, as
appropriate. Alternatively, any other method or data that has been
validated according to the applicable procedures in Method 301 of
appendix A of this part may be used. The use of Method 25A, 40 CFR part
60, appendix A shall comply with paragraphs (c)(1)(i)(D)(1) and
(c)(1)(i)(D)(2) of this section.
(1) The organic HAP used as the calibration gas for Method 25A, 40
CFR part 60, appendix A shall be the single organic HAP representing
the largest percent by volume of the emissions.
(2) The use of Method 25A, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A is acceptable
if the response from the high-level calibration gas is at least 20
times the standard deviation of the response from the zero calibration
gas when the instrument is zeroed on the most sensitive scale.
(ii) If an integrated sample is taken over the entire test period
to determine TOC or average total organic HAP concentration, emissions
per batch emission episode shall be calculated using Equations 19 and
20 of this subpart.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR12SE96.018
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR12SE96.019
where:
Eepisode = Inlet or outlet emissions, kg/episode.
K = Constant, 2.494 x 10-6 (ppmv)-1 (gm-mole/scm) (kg/gm)
(min/hr), where standard temperature is 20 deg.C.
Cj = Average inlet or outlet concentration of TOC or sample
component j of the gas stream for the batch emission episode, dry
basis, ppmv.
Mj = Molecular weight of TOC or sample component j of the gas
stream, gm/gm-mole.
[[Page 48253]]
AFR = Average inlet or outlet flow rate of gas stream for the batch
emission episode, dry basis, scmm.
Th = Hours/episode
n = Number of organic HAP in stream.
Note: Summation not required if TOC emissions are being
estimated using a TOC concentration measured using Method 25A, 40
CFR part 60, appendix A.
(iii) If grab samples are taken to determine TOC or total organic
HAP concentration, emissions shall be calculated according to
paragraphs (c)(1)(iii) (A) and (B) of this section.
(A) For each measurement point, the emission rates shall be
calculated using Equations 21 and 22 of this subpart.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR12SE96.020
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR12SE96.021
where:
Epoint = Inlet or outlet emission rate for the measurement point,
kg/hr.
K = Constant, 2.494 x 10-6 (ppmv)-1 (gm-mole/scm) (kg/gm)
(min/hr), where standard temperature is 20 deg.C.
Cj = Inlet or outlet concentration of TOC or sample organic HAP
component j of the gas stream, dry basis, ppmv.
Mj = Molecular weight of TOC or sample organic HAP component j of
the gas stream, gm/gm-mole.
FR = Inlet or outlet flow rate of gas stream for the measurement point,
dry basis, scmm.
n = Number of organic HAP in stream.
Note: Summation not required if TOC emissions are being
estimated using a TOC concentration measured using Method 25A, 40
CFR part 60, appendix A.
(B) The emissions per batch emission episode shall be calculated
using Equations 23 and 24 of this subpart.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR12SE96.022
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR12SE96.023
where:
Eepisode = Inlet or outlet emissions, kg/episode.
DUR = Duration of the batch emission episode, hr/episode.
Epoint, i = Inlet or outlet emissions for measurement point i, kg/
hr.
n = Number of measurements.
(iv) The control efficiency for the control device shall be
calculated using Equation 25 of this subpart.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR12SE96.024
where:
R = Control efficiency of control device, percent.
Einlet = Mass rate of TOC or total organic HAP for batch emission
episode i at the inlet to the control device as calculated under
paragraph (c)(1)(ii) or (c)(1)(iii) of this section, kg/hr.
Eoutlet = Mass rate of TOC or total organic HAP for batch emission
episode i at the outlet of the control device, as calculated under
paragraph (c)(1)(ii) or (c)(1)(iii) of this section, kg/hr.
n = Number of batch emission episodes in the batch cycle selected to be
controlled.
(v) If the batch process vent entering a boiler or process heater
with a design capacity less than 44 megawatts is introduced with the
combustion air or as a secondary fuel, the weight-percent reduction of
total organic HAP or TOC across the device shall be determined by
comparing the TOC or total organic HAP
[[Page 48254]]
in all combusted batch process vents and primary and secondary fuels
with the TOC or total organic HAP exiting the combustion device,
respectively.
(2) The percent reduction for the batch cycle shall be determined
using Equation 26 of this subpart and the control device efficiencies
specified in paragraphs (c)(2)(i) through (c)(2)(iii) of this section.
All information used to calculate the batch cycle percent reduction,
including a definition of the batch cycle identifying all batch
emission episodes, must be recorded as specified in Sec. 63.1326(b)(2).
This information shall include identification of those batch emission
episodes, or portions thereof, selected for control.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR12SE96.025
where:
PR = Percent reduction
Eunc = Mass rate of TOC or total organic HAP for uncontrolled
batch emission episode i, kg/hr.
Einlet,con = Mass rate of TOC or total organic HAP for controlled
batch emission episode i at the inlet to the control device, kg/hr.
R = Control efficiency of control device as specified in paragraphs
(c)(2) (i) through (c) (2)(iii) of this section.
n = Number of uncontrolled batch emission episodes, controlled batch
emission episodes, and control devices. The value of n is not
necessarily the same for these three items.
(i) If a performance test is required by paragraph (c) of this
section, the control efficiency of the control device shall be as
determined in paragraph (c)(1)(iv) of this section.
(ii) If a performance test is not required by paragraph (c) of this
section for a combustion control device, as specified in paragraph (b)
of this section, the control efficiency shall be 98 percent. The
control efficiency for a flare shall be 98 percent.
(iii) If a performance test is not required by paragraph (c) of
this section for a noncombustion control device, the control efficiency
shall be determined by the owner or operator based on engineering
assessment.
(d) Batch process vent and aggregate batch vent stream testing for
compliance with Sec. 63.1322(c) [halogenated emission streams]. An
owner or operator controlling halogenated emissions in compliance with
Sec. 63.1322(c) shall conduct a performance test to determine
compliance with the control efficiency specified in Sec. 63.1322(c)(1)
or the emission limit specified in Sec. 63.1322(c)(2) for hydrogen
halides and halogens.
(1) Sampling sites shall be located at the inlet and outlet of the
scrubber or other control device used to reduce halogen emissions in
complying with Sec. 63.1322(c)(1) or at the outlet of the control
device used to reduce halogen emissions in complying with
Sec. 63.1322(c)(2).
(2) The mass emissions of each hydrogen halide and halogen compound
for the batch cycle or aggregate batch vent stream shall be calculated
from the measured concentrations and the gas stream flow rate(s)
determined by the procedures specified in paragraphs (d)(2)(i) and
(d)(2)(ii) of this section except as specified in paragraph (d)(5) of
this section.
(i) Method 26 or Method 26A, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A, shall be
used to determine the concentration, in Mg per dry scm, of total
hydrogen halides and halogens present in the emissions stream.
(ii) Gas stream volumetric flow rate and/or average flow rate shall
be determined as specified in Sec. 63.1323(e).
(3) To determine compliance with the percent reduction specified in
Sec. 63.1322(c)(1), the mass emissions for any hydrogen halides and
halogens present at the inlet of the scrubber or other control device
shall be summed together. The mass emissions of any hydrogen halides or
halogens present at the outlet of the scrubber or other control device
shall be summed together. Percent reduction shall be determined by
subtracting the outlet mass emissions from the inlet mass emissions and
then dividing the result by the inlet mass emissions.
(4) To determine compliance with the emission limit specified in
Sec. 63.1322(c)(2), the annual mass emissions for any hydrogen halides
and halogens present at the outlet of the control device and prior to
any combustion device shall be summed together and compared to the
emission limit specified in Sec. 63.1322(c)(2).
(5) The owner or operator may use any other method to demonstrate
compliance if the method or data has been validated according to the
applicable procedures of Method 301 of appendix A of this part.
(e) Aggregate batch vent stream testing for compliance with
Sec. 63.1322 (b)(2) or (b)(3). Owners or operators of aggregate batch
vent streams complying with Sec. 63.1322 (b)(2) or (b)(3) shall conduct
a performance test using the performance testing procedures for
continuous process vents in Sec. 63.116(c). For the purposes of this
subpart, when the provisions of Sec. 63.116(c) specify that Method 18,
40 CFR part 60, appendix A, shall be used, Method 18 or Method 25A, 40
CFR part 60, appendix A, may be used. The use of Method 25A, 40 CFR
part 60, appendix A, shall comply with paragraphs (e)(1) and (e)(2) of
this section.
(1) The organic HAP used as the calibration gas for Method 25A, 40
CFR part 60, appendix A, shall be the single organic HAP representing
the largest percent by volume of the emissions.
(2) The use of Method 25A, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A, is
acceptable if the response from the high-level calibration gas is at
least 20 times the standard deviation of the response from the zero
calibration gas when the instrument is zeroed on the most sensitive
scale.
(f) Compliance with Sec. 63.1322(a)(3) [new SAN batch affected
sources]. Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, an owner
or operator using a control or recovery device to comply with the
percent reduction requirement in Sec. 63.1322(a)(3) shall conduct
performance tests as specified in either paragraph (f)(1), (f)(2), or
(f)(3) of this section, as applicable. Compliance with
Sec. 63.1322(a)(3) shall be determined as specified in paragraph (f)(4)
of this section.
(1) For batch process vents, performance tests shall be conducted
using the procedures specified in paragraph (c) of this section, except
that the owner or operator is not required to determine the percent
reduction for the batch cycle as specified in paragraph (c)(2) of this
section.
(2) For continuous process vents, performance tests shall be
conducted as required by the applicable requirements
[[Page 48255]]
of Sec. 63.1315(a) as specified in Sec. 63.1321(b).
(3) For aggregate batch vent streams, performance tests shall be
conducted as specified in paragraph (e) of this section.
(4) Compliance with the percent reduction requirement of
Sec. 63.1322(a)(3) shall be demonstrated using the procedures specified
in Sec. 63.1333(c) and the control device efficiencies specified in
either paragraph (f)(4)(i) or (f)(4)(ii) of this section. Emissions for
uncontrolled continuous process vents and aggregate batch vent streams
shall be determined based on the direct measurement procedures
specified in paragraph (f)(2) and (f)(3) of this section, respectively,
or based on engineering assessment, as specified in
Sec. 63.1323(b)(6)(i). At the discretion of the owner or operator,
emissions for uncontrolled batch process vents shall be determined
based on any of the procedures in Sec. 63.1323(b).
(i) For noncombustion devices, the control efficiency shall be as
determined by the performance test required by paragraph (f)(1),
(f)(2), or (f)(3) of this section. Alternatively, if a performance test
is not required by paragraph (c) of this section, the control
efficiency shall be determined by the owner or operator based on
engineering assessment.
(ii) For combustion devices, the control efficiency shall be as
determined by the performance test required by paragraph (f)(1),
(f)(2), or (f)(3) of this section. Alternatively, if a performance test
is not required, the control efficiency shall be 98 percent. The
control efficiency for a flare shall be 98 percent.
(g) Batch cycle limitation. The batch cycle limitation required by
Sec. 63.1322 (f) and (g) shall be established as specified in paragraph
(g)(1) of this section and shall include the elements specified in
paragraph (g)(2) of this section.
(1) The batch cycle limitation shall be determined by the owner or
operator such that annual emissions for the batch process vent remain
less than the level specified in Sec. 63.1323(d) when complying with
Sec. 63.1322(g). Alternatively, when complying with Sec. 63.1322(f),
the batch cycle limitation shall ensure that annual emissions remain at
a level such that said batch process vent remains a Group 2 batch
process vent, given the actual annual flow rate for said batch process
vent determined according to the procedures specified in
Sec. 63.1323(e). The batch cycle limitation shall be determined using
the same basis, as described in Sec. 63.1323(a)(1), used to make the
group determination (i.e., expected mix of products or worst-case HAP
emitting product). The establishment of the batch cycle limitation is
not dependent upon any past production or activity level.
(i) If the expected mix of products serves as the basis for the
batch cycle limitation, the batch cycle limitation shall be determined
such that any foreseeable combination of products which the owner or
operator desires the flexibility to manufacture shall be allowed.
Combinations of products not accounted for in the documentation
required by paragraph (g)(2)(iv) of this section shall not be allowed
within the restrictions of the batch cycle limitation.
(ii) If, for a batch process vent with more than one product, a
single worst-case HAP emitting product serves as the basis for the
batch cycle limitation, the batch cycle limitation shall be determined
such that the maximum number of batch cycles the owner or operator
desires the flexibility to accomplish, using the worst-case HAP
emitting product and ensuring that the batch process vent remains a
Group 2 batch process vent or that emissions remain less than the level
specified in Sec. 63.1323(d), shall be allowed. This value shall be the
total number of batch cycles allowed within the restrictions of the
batch cycle limitation regardless of which products are manufactured.
(2) Documentation supporting the establishment of the batch cycle
limitation shall include the information specified in paragraphs
(g)(2)(i) through (g)(2)(v) of this section, as appropriate.
(i) Identification that the purpose of the batch cycle limitation
is to comply with Sec. 63.1322 (f)(1) or (g)(1).
(ii) Identification that the batch cycle limitation is based on a
single worst-case HAP emitting product or on the expected mix of
products for said batch process vent as allowed under
Sec. 63.1323(a)(1).
(iii) Definition of operating year for purposes of determining
compliance with the batch cycle limitation.
(iv) If the batch cycle limitation is based on a single worst-case
HAP emitting product, documentation specified in Sec. 63.1323
(a)(1)(ii) through (a)(1)(iv), as appropriate, describing how the
single product meets the requirements for worst-case HAP emitting
product and the number of batch cycles allowed under the batch cycle
limitation.
(v) If the batch cycle limitation is based on the expected mix of
products, the owner or operator shall provide documentation that
describes as many scenarios for differing mixes of products (i.e., how
many batch cycles for each product) that the owner or operator desires
the flexibility to accomplish. Alternatively, the owner or operator
shall provide a description of the relationship among the mix of
products that will allow a determination of compliance with the batch
cycle limitation under an infinite number of scenarios. For example, if
a batch process vent has two products, each product has the same flow
rate and emits for the same amount of time, and product No. 1 has twice
the emissions as product No. 2, the relationship describing an infinite
number of scenarios would be that the owner or operator can accomplish
two batch cycles of product No. 2 for each batch cycle of product No. 1
within the restriction of the batch cycle limitation.
Sec. 63.1326 Batch process vents--recordkeeping provisions.
(a) Group determination records for batch process vents. Except as
provided in paragraphs (a)(7) through (a)(9) of this section, each
owner or operator of an affected source shall maintain the records
specified in paragraphs (a)(1) through (a)(6) of this section for each
batch process vent subject to the group determination procedures of
Sec. 63.1323. Except for paragraph (a)(1) of this section, the records
required by this paragraph (a) are restricted to the information
developed and used to make the group determination under
Sec. 63.1323(b) through Sec. 63.1323(g), as appropriate. The
information required by paragraph (a)(1) of this section is required
for all batch process vents subject to the group determination
procedures of Sec. 63.1323. If an owner or operator did not need to
develop certain information (e.g., annual average flow rate) to
determine the group status, this paragraph (a) does not require that
additional information be developed.
(1) An identification of each unique product that has emissions
from one or more batch emission episodes venting from the batch process
vent.
(2) A description of, and an emission estimate for, each batch
emission episode, and the total emissions associated with one batch
cycle for each unique product identified in paragraph (a)(1) of this
section that was considered in making the group determination under
Sec. 63.1323.
(3) Total annual uncontrolled TOC or organic HAP emissions,
determined at the exit from the batch unit operation before any control
device, determined in accordance with Sec. 63.1323(b).
(i) For Group 2 batch process vents, said emissions shall be
determined at the batch cycle limitation.
(ii) For Group 1 batch process vents, said emissions shall be those
used to determine the group status of the batch process vent.
[[Page 48256]]
(4) The annual average flow rate for the batch process vent,
determined in accordance with Sec. 63.1323(e).
(5) The cutoff flow rate, determined in accordance with
Sec. 63.1323(f).
(6) The results of the batch process vent group determination,
conducted in accordance with Sec. 63.1323(g).
(7) If a batch process vent is in compliance with Sec. 63.1322 (a)
or (b) and the control device is operating at all times when batch
emission episodes are venting from the batch process vent, none of the
records in paragraphs (a)(1) through (a)(6) of this section are
required.
(8) If a batch process vent is in compliance with Sec. 63.1322 (a)
or (b), but the control device is operated only during selected batch
emission episodes, only the records in paragraphs (a)(1) through (a)(3)
of this section are required.
(9) If the total annual emissions from the batch process vent are
less than the appropriate level specified in Sec. 63.1323(d), only the
records in paragraphs (a)(1) through (a)(3) of this section are
required.
(b) Compliance demonstration records. Each owner or operator of a
batch process vent or aggregate batch vent stream complying with
Sec. 63.1322 (a) or (b), shall keep the following records, as
applicable, up-to-date and readily accessible:
(1) The annual mass emissions of halogen atoms in the batch process
vent or aggregate batch vent stream determined according to the
procedures specified in Sec. 63.1323(h);
(2) If a batch process vent is in compliance with
Sec. 63.1322(a)(2), records documenting the batch cycle percent
reduction as specified in Sec. 63.1325(c)(2); and
(3) When using a flare to comply with Sec. 63.1322 (a)(1), (a)(3),
(b)(1), or (b)(3):
(i) The flare design (i.e., steam-assisted, air-assisted or non-
assisted);
(ii) All visible emission readings, heat content determinations,
flow rate measurements, and exit velocity determinations made during
the compliance determination required by Sec. 63.1325(a); and
(iii) All periods during the compliance determination required by
Sec. 63.1325(a) when the pilot flame is absent.
(4) The following information when using a control device to
achieve compliance with Sec. 63.1322 (a)(2), (a)(3), (b)(2), or (b)(3):
(i) For an incinerator or non-combustion control device, the
percent reduction of organic HAP or TOC achieved, as determined using
the procedures specified in Sec. 63.1325(c) for batch process vents and
Sec. 63.1325(e) for aggregate batch vent streams;
(ii) For a boiler or process heater, a description of the location
at which the vent stream is introduced into the boiler or process
heater;
(iii) For a boiler or process heater with a design heat input
capacity of less than 44 megawatts and where the vent stream is
introduced with combustion air or used as a secondary fuel and is not
mixed with the primary fuel, the percent reduction of organic HAP or
TOC achieved, as determined using the procedures specified in
Sec. 63.1325(c) for batch process vents and Sec. 63.1325(e) for
aggregate batch vent streams; and
(iv) For a scrubber or other control device following a combustion
device to control halogenated batch process vents or halogenated
aggregate batch vent streams, the percent reduction of total hydrogen
halides and halogens as determined under Sec. 63.1325(d)(3) or the
emission limit determined under Sec. 63.1325(d)(4).
(c) Establishment of parameter monitoring level records. For each
parameter monitored according to Sec. 63.1324(c) and Table 7 of this
subpart, or for alternate parameters and/or parameters for alternate
control devices monitored according to Sec. 63.1327(f) as allowed under
Sec. 63.1324(d), maintain documentation showing the establishment of
the level that indicates proper operation of the control device as
required by Sec. 63.1324(f) for parameters specified in Sec. 63.1324(c)
and as required by Sec. 63.1335(e) for alternate parameters. Said
documentation shall include the parameter monitoring data used to
establish the level.
(d) Group 2 batch process vent continuous compliance records. The
owner or operator of a Group 2 batch process vent shall comply with
either paragraph (d)(1) or (d)(2) of this section, as appropriate.
(1) The owner or operator of a Group 2 batch process vent complying
with Sec. 63.1322(g) shall keep the following records up-to-date and
readily accessible:
(i) Records designating the established batch cycle limitation
required by Sec. 63.1322(g)(1) and specified in Sec. 63.1325(g).
(ii) Records specifying the number and type of batch cycles
accomplished for each three month period.
(2) The owner or operator of a Group 2 batch process vent complying
with Sec. 63.1322(f) shall keep the following records up-to-date and
readily accessible:
(i) Records designating the established batch cycle limitation
required by Sec. 63.1322(f)(1) and specified in Sec. 63.1325(g).
(ii) Records specifying the number and type of batch cycles
accomplished for each three month period.
(e) Controlled batch process vent continuous compliance records.
Each owner or operator of a batch process vent that uses a control
device to comply with Sec. 63.1322(a) shall keep the following records,
as applicable, up-to-date and readily accessible:
(1) Continuous records of the equipment operating parameters
specified to be monitored under Sec. 63.1324(c) as applicable, and
listed in Table 7 of this subpart, or specified by the Administrator in
accordance with Sec. 63.1327(f) as allowed under Sec. 63.1324(d). Said
records shall be kept as specified under Sec. 63.1335(d), except as
specified in paragraphs (e)(1)(i) and (e)(1)(ii) of this section.
(i) For flares, the records specified in Table 7 of this subpart
shall be kept rather than averages.
(ii) For carbon adsorbers, the records specified in Table 7 of this
subpart shall be kept rather than averages.
(2) Records of the batch cycle daily average value of each
continuously monitored parameter, except as provided in paragraph
(e)(2)(iii) of this section, as calculated using the procedures
specified in paragraphs (e)(2)(i) through (e)(2)(ii) of this section.
(i) The batch cycle daily average shall be calculated as the
average of all parameter values measured for an operating day during
those batch emission episodes, or portions thereof, in the batch cycle
that the owner or operator has selected to control.
(ii) Monitoring data recorded during periods of monitoring system
breakdowns, repairs, calibration checks, and zero (low-level) and high-
level adjustments shall not be included in computing the batch cycle
daily averages.
(iii) If all recorded values for a monitored parameter during an
operating day are above the minimum or below the maximum level
established in accordance with Sec. 63.1324(f), the owner or operator
may record that all values were above the minimum or below the maximum
level established rather than calculating and recording a batch cycle
daily average for that operating day.
(3) Hourly records of whether the flow indicator for bypass lines
specified in Sec. 63.1324(e)(1) was operating and whether a diversion
was detected at any time during the hour. Also, records of the times of
all periods when the vent is diverted from the control device or the
flow indicator specified in Sec. 63.1324(e)(1) is not operating.
[[Page 48257]]
(4) Where a seal or closure mechanism is used to comply with
Sec. 63.1324(e)(2) or where computer monitoring of the position of the
bypass valve is used to comply with Sec. 63.1324(e)(3), hourly records
of flow are not required.
(i) For compliance with Sec. 63.1324(e)(2), the owner or operator
shall record whether the monthly visual inspection of the seals or
closure mechanisms has been done, and shall record the occurrence of
all periods when the seal mechanism is broken, the bypass line valve
position has changed, or the key for a lock-and-key type configuration
has been checked out, and records of any car-seal that has broken.
(ii) For compliance with Sec. 63.1324(e)(3), the owner or operator
shall record the times of all periods when the bypass line valve
position has changed.
(5) Records specifying the times and duration of periods of
monitoring system breakdowns, repairs, calibration checks, and zero
(low-level) and high-level adjustments. In addition, records specifying
any other periods of process or control device operation when monitors
are not operating.
(f) Aggregate batch vent stream continuous compliance records. In
addition to the records specified in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this
section, each owner or operator of an aggregate batch vent stream using
a control device to comply with Sec. 63.1322(b) shall keep records in
accordance with the requirements for continuous process vents in
Sec. 63.118 (a) and (b), as applicable and as appropriate, except that
when complying with Sec. 63.118(b), owners or operators shall disregard
statements concerning TRE index values for the purposes of this
subpart.
Sec. 63.1327 Batch process vents--reporting requirements.
(a) The owner or operator of a batch process vent or aggregate
batch vent stream at an affected source shall submit the information
specified in paragraphs (a)(1) through (a)(4) of this section, as
appropriate, as part of the Notification of Compliance Status specified
in Sec. 63.1335(e)(5).
(1) For each batch process vent complying Sec. 63.1322(a) and each
aggregate batch vent stream complying Sec. 63.1322(b), the information
specified in Sec. 63.1326 (b) and (c), as applicable.
(2) For each Group 2 batch process vent with annual emissions less
than the level specified in Sec. 63.1323(d), the information specified
in Sec. 63.1326(d)(1)(i).
(3) For each Group 2 batch process vent with annual emissions
greater than or equal to the level specified in Sec. 63.1323(d), the
information specified in Sec. 63.1326(d)(2)(i).
(4) For each batch process vent subject to the group determination
procedures, the information specified in Sec. 63.1326(a), as
appropriate.
(b) Whenever a process change, as defined in Sec. 63.1323(i)(1), is
made that causes a Group 2 batch process vent to become a Group 1 batch
process vent, the owner or operator shall submit a report within 180
operating days after the process change is made or the information
regarding the process change is known to the owner or operator. This
report may be included in the next Periodic Report, as specified in
Sec. 63.1335(e)(6)(iii)(D)(2). The following information shall be
submitted:
(1) A description of the process change; and
(2) A schedule for compliance with the provisions of Sec. 63.1322
(a) or (b), as appropriate, as required under
Sec. 63.1335(e)(6)(iii)(D)(2).
(c) Whenever a process change, as defined in Sec. 63.1323(i)(1), is
made that causes a Group 2 batch process vent with annual emissions
less than the level specified in Sec. 63.1323(d) that is in compliance
with Sec. 63.1322(g) to have annual emissions greater than or equal to
the level specified in Sec. 63.1323(d) but remains a Group 2 batch
process vent, the owner or operator shall submit a report within 180
operating days after the process change is made or the information
regarding the process change is known to the owner or operator. This
report may be included in the next Periodic Report, as specified in
Sec. 63.1335(e)(6)(iii)(D)(2). The following information shall be
submitted:
(1) A description of the process change;
(2) The results of the redetermination of the annual emissions,
average flow rate, and cutoff flow rate required under Sec. 63.1323(i)
and recorded under Sec. 63.1326 (a)(3) through (a)(5); and
(3) The batch cycle limitation determined in accordance with
Sec. 63.1322(f)(1).
(d) Whenever a process change, as defined in Sec. 63.1323(j)(1), is
made that causes the percent reduction for all process vents at a new
SAN affected source using a batch process to be less than 84 percent,
the owner or operator shall submit a report within 180 operating days
after the process change is made or the information regarding the
process change is known to the owner or operator. This report may be
included in the next Periodic Report, as specified in
Sec. 63.1335(e)(6)(iii)(D)(2). The following information shall be
submitted:
(1) A description of the process change; and
(2) A schedule for compliance with the provisions of
Sec. 63.1322(a)(3), as required under Sec. 63.1335(e)(6)(iii)(D)(2).
(e) The owner or operator is not required to submit a report of a
process change if one of the conditions specified in paragraphs (e)(1)
and (e)(2) of this section is met.
(1) The process change does not meet the description of a process
change in Sec. 63.1323 (i) or (j).
(2) The redetermined group status remains Group 2 for an individual
batch process vent with annual emissions greater than or equal to the
level specified in Sec. 63.1323(d), a Group 2 batch process vent with
annual emissions less than the level specified in Sec. 63.1323(d)
complying with Sec. 63.1322(g) continues to have emissions less than
the level specified in Sec. 63.1323(d), or the achieved emission
reduction remains at 84 percent or greater for new SAN affected sources
using a batch process.
(f) If an owner or operator uses a control device other than those
specified in Sec. 63.1324(c) and listed in Table 7 of this subpart or
requests approval to monitor a parameter other than those specified
Sec. 63.1324(c) and listed in Table 7 of this subpart, the owner or
operator shall submit a description of planned reporting and
recordkeeping procedures, as specified in Sec. 63.1335(f), as part of
the Precompliance Report required under Sec. 63.1335(e)(3). The
Administrator will specify appropriate reporting and recordkeeping
requirements as part of the review of the Precompliance Report.
(g) Owners or operators complying with Sec. 63.1324(e), shall
comply with paragraph (g)(1) or (g)(2) of this section, as appropriate.
(1) Reports of the times of all periods recorded under
Sec. 63.1326(e)(3) when the batch process vent is diverted from the
control device through a bypass line.
(2) Reports of all occurrences recorded under Sec. 63.1326(e)(4) in
which the seal mechanism is broken, the bypass line valve position has
changed, or the key to unlock the bypass line valve was checked out.
Sec. 63.1328 Heat exchange systems provisions.
(a) This section applies to each affected source with the exception
of each process contact cooling tower that is associated with an
affected source manufacturing PET. The owner or operator of said
affected source shall comply with Sec. 63.104, with the differences
noted in paragraphs (b)
[[Page 48258]]
through (d) of this section, for the purposes of this subpart.
(b) When the Periodic Report requirements contained in
Sec. 63.152(c) are referred to in Sec. 63.104(b), the Periodic Report
requirements contained in Sec. 63.1335(e)(6) shall apply for the
purposes of this subpart.
(c) When an owner or operator invokes the delay of repair
provisions as specified in Sec. 63.104(b)(3), the information required
by Sec. 63.104 (b)(4)(i) through (b)(4)(v) shall be included in the
next semi-annual Periodic Report required under Sec. 63.1335(e)(6), for
the purposes of this subpart. If the leak remains unrepaired, the
information shall also be submitted in each subsequent Periodic Report,
until the repair of the leak is reported.
(d) The compliance date for heat exchange systems subject to the
provisions of this section is specified in Sec. 63.1311.
Sec. 63.1329 Process contact cooling towers provisions.
(a) This section applies to each new affected source that
manufactures PET and each existing affected source that manufactures
PET using a continuous terephthalic acid high viscosity multiple end
finisher process. The owner or operator a new affected source shall
comply with paragraph (b) of this section. The owner or operator of an
existing affected source that manufactures PET using a continuous
terephthalic acid high viscosity multiple end finisher process shall
comply with paragraph (c) of this section. The compliance data for
process contact cooling towers subject to the provisions of this
section is specified in Sec. 63.1311.
(b) New affected source requirements. The owner or operator of a
new affected source subject to this section shall comply with
paragraphs (b)(1) through (b)(2) of this section.
(1) The owner or operator of a new affected source subject to this
section shall not send contact condenser effluent associated with a
vacuum system to a process contact cooling tower.
(2) The owner or operator of a new affected source subject to this
section shall indicate in the Notification of Compliance Status, as
required in Sec. 63.1335(e)(5), that contact condenser effluent
associated with vacuum systems is not sent to process contact cooling
towers.
(c) Existing affected source requirements. The owner or operator of
an existing affected source subject to this section who manufactures
PET using a continuous terephthalic acid high viscosity multiple end
finisher process, and who is subject or becomes subject to 40 CFR part
60, subpart DDD, shall maintain an ethylene glycol concentration in the
cooling tower at or below 4.0 percent by weight averaged on a daily
basis over a rolling 14-day period of operating days. Compliance with
this paragraph (c) shall be determined as specified in paragraphs
(c)(1) through (c)(4) of this section.
(1) To determine the ethylene glycol concentration, owners or
operators shall follow the procedures specified in 40 CFR 60.564(j)(1),
except as provided in paragraph (c)(2) of this section.
(i) At least one sample per operating day shall be collected using
the procedures specified in 40 CFR 60.564(j)(1)(i). An average ethylene
glycol concentration by weight shall be calculated on a daily basis
over a rolling 14-day period of operating days. Each daily average
ethylene glycol concentration so calculated constitutes a performance
test. Exceedance of the standard during the reduced testing program
specified in paragraph (b)(1)(ii) of this section is a violation of
these standards.
(ii) The owner or operator may elect to reduce the sampling program
to any 14 consecutive day period once every two calendar months, if at
least seventeen consecutive 14-day rolling average concentrations
immediately preceding the reduced sampling program are each less than
1.2 weight percent ethylene glycol. If the average concentration
obtained over the 14 day sampling during the reduced test period
exceeds the upper 95 percent confidence interval calculated from the
most recent test results in which no one 14-day average exceeded 1.2
weight percent ethylene glycol, then the owner or operator shall
reinstitute a daily sampling program. The 95 percent confidence
interval shall be calculated as specified in paragraph (b)(1)(iii) of
this section. A reduced program may be reinstituted if the requirements
specified in this paragraph (c)(1)(ii) are met.
(iii) The upper 95 percent confidence interval shall be calculated
using the Equation 27 of this subpart:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR12SE96.026
where:
Xi = daily ethylene glycol concentration for each day used to
calculate each 14-day rolling average used in test results to justify
implementing the reduced testing program.
n = number of ethylene glycol concentrations.
(2) Measuring an alternative parameter, such as carbon oxygen
demand or biological oxygen demand, that is demonstrated to be directly
proportional to the ethylene glycol concentration shall be allowed.
Such parameter shall be measured during the initial 14-day performance
test during which the facility is shown to be in compliance with the
ethylene glycol concentration standard whereby the ethylene glycol
concentration is determined using the procedures described in paragraph
(b)(1) of this section. The alternative parameter shall be measured on
a daily basis and the average value of the alternative parameter shall
be calculated on a daily basis over a rolling 14-day period of
operating days. Each daily average value of the alternative parameter
constitutes a performance test.
(3) During each performance test, daily measurement and daily
average 14-day rolling averages of the ethylene glycol concentration in
the cooling tower water shall be recorded. For the initial performance
test, these records shall be submitted in the Notification of
Compliance Status report.
(4) All periods when the 14-day rolling average exceeds the
standard shall be reported in the Periodic Report.
Sec. 63.1330 Wastewater provisions.
(a) The owner or operator of each affected source shall comply with
the requirements of Secs. 63.131 through 63.148, with the differences
noted in paragraphs (a)(1) through (a)(12) of this section for the
purposes of this subpart.
(1) When the determination of equivalence criteria in
Sec. 63.102(b) is referred to in Secs. 63.132, 63.133, and 63.137, the
provisions in Sec. 63.6(g) shall apply.
[[Page 48259]]
(2) When the storage tank requirements contained in Secs. 63.119
through 63.123 are referred to in Secs. 63.132 through 63.148,
Secs. 63.119 through 63.123 are applicable, with the exception of the
differences referred to in Sec. 63.1314, for the purposes of this
subpart.
(3) When the owner or operator requests to use alternatives to the
continuous operating parameter monitoring and recordkeeping provisions
referred to in Sec. 63.151(g), or the owner or operator submits an
operating permit application instead of an Implementation Plan as
specified in Sec. 63.152(e), as referred to in Sec. 63.146(a)(3),
Sec. 63.1335(g) and Sec. 63.1335(e)(8), respectively, shall apply for
the purposes of this subpart.
(4) When the Notification of Compliance Status requirements
contained in Sec. 63.152(b) are referred to in Secs. 63.146 and 63.147,
the Notification of Compliance Status requirements contained in
Sec. 63.1335(e)(5) shall apply for the purposes of this subpart.
(5) When the Periodic Report requirements contained in
Sec. 63.152(c) are referred to in Secs. 63.146 and 63.147, the Periodic
Report requirements contained in Sec. 63.1335(e)(6) shall apply for the
purposes of this subpart.
(6) When the Initial Notification Plan requirements in
Sec. 63.151(b) are referred to in Sec. 63.146, the owner or operator of
an affected source subject to this subpart need not comply for the
purposes of this subpart.
(7) When the Implementation Plan requirements contained in
Sec. 63.151 are referred to in Sec. 63.146, the owner or operator of an
affected source subject to this subpart need not comply for the
purposes of this subpart.
(8) When the term ``range'' is used in Sec. 63.143(f), the term
``level'' shall be used instead for the purposes of this subpart. This
level shall be determined using the procedures specified in
Sec. 63.1334.
(9) For the purposes of this subpart, owners or operators are not
required to comply with the provisions of Sec. 63.138(e)(2) which
specify that owners or operators shall demonstrate that 95 percent of
the mass of HAP, as listed in Table 9 of subpart G of this part, is
removed from the wastewater stream or combination of wastewater streams
by the procedure specified in Sec. 63.145(i) for a biological treatment
unit.
(10) For the purposes of this subpart, owners or operators are not
required to comply with the provisions of Sec. 63.138(j)(3) which
specify that owners or operators shall use the procedures specified in
appendix C of this part to demonstrate compliance when using a
biological treatment unit.
(11) When the provisions of Sec. 63.139(c)(1)(ii) or the provisions
of Sec. 63.145(e)(2)(ii)(B) specify that Method 18, 40 CFR part 60,
appendix A, shall be used, Method 18 or Method 25A, 40 CFR part 60,
appendix A, may be used for the purposes of this subpart. The use of
Method 25A, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A, shall comply with paragraphs
(a)(11)(i) and (a)(11)(ii) of this section.
(i) The organic HAP used as the calibration gas for Method 25A, 40
CFR part 60, appendix A, shall be the single organic HAP representing
the largest percent by volume of the emissions.
(ii) The use of Method 25A, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A, is
acceptable if the response from the high-level calibration gas is at
least 20 times the standard deviation of the response from the zero
calibration gas when the instrument is zeroed on the most sensitive
scale.
(12) The compliance date for the affected source subject to the
provisions of this section is specified in Sec. 63.1311.
(b) For each affected source, the owner or operator shall comply
with the requirements for maintenance wastewater in Sec. 63.105, except
that when Sec. 63.105(a) refers to ``organic HAPs,'' the definition of
organic HAP in Sec. 63.1312 shall apply for the purposes of this
subpart.
Sec. 63.1331 Equipment leak provisions.
(a) Except as provided for in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this
section, the owner or operator of each affected source shall comply
with the requirements of subpart H of this part, with the differences
noted in paragraphs (a)(1) through (a)(9) of this section.
(1) For an affected source producing polystyrene resin, the
indications of liquids dripping, as defined in subpart H of this part,
from bleed ports in pumps and agitator seals in light liquid service
shall not be considered to be a leak. For purposes of this subpart, a
``bleed port'' is a technologically-required feature of the pump or
seal whereby polymer fluid used to provide lubrication and/or cooling
of the pump or agitator shaft exits the pump, thereby resulting in a
visible dripping of fluid.
(2) The compliance date for the equipment leak provisions contained
in this section is provided in Sec. 63.1311.
(3) Owners and operators of an affected source subject to this
subpart are not required to submit the Initial Notification required by
Sec. 63.182(a)(1) and Sec. 63.182(b).
(4) The Notification of Compliance Status required by paragraphs
Sec. 63.182(a)(2) and Sec. 63.182(c) shall be submitted within 150 days
(rather than 90 days) of the applicable compliance date specified in
Sec. 63.1311 for the equipment leak provisions. Said notification can
be submitted as part of the Notification of Compliance Status required
by Sec. 63.1335(e)(5).
(5) The Periodic Reports required by Sec. 63.182(a)(3) and
Sec. 63.182(d) may be submitted as part of the Periodic Reports
required by Sec. 63.1335(e)(6).
(6) For an affected source producing PET, an owner or operator
shall comply with the requirements of paragraphs (a)(6)(i) and
(a)(6)(ii) of this section instead of with the requirements of
Sec. 63.169 for pumps, valves, connectors, and agitators in heavy
liquid service; pressure relief devices in light liquid or heavy liquid
service; and instrumentation systems.
(i) A leak is determined to be detected if there is evidence of a
potential leak found by visual, audible, olfactory, or any other
detection method except that Method 21, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A
shall not be used to determine if a leak is detected.
(ii)(A) When a leak is detected, it shall be repaired as soon as
practicable, but not later than 15 calendar days after it is detected,
except as provided in Sec. 63.171.
(B) The first attempt at repair shall be made no later than 5
calendar days after each leak is detected.
(C) Repaired shall mean that the visual, audible, olfactory, or
other indications of a leak have been eliminated; that no bubbles are
observed at potential leak sites during a leak check using soap
solution; or that the system will hold a test pressure.
(7) For each affected source producing PET, an owner or operator is
not required to develop an initial list of identification numbers for
the equipment identified in paragraph (a)(6) of this section (i.e.,
pumps, valves, connectors, and agitators in heavy liquid service;
pressure relief devices in light liquid or heavy liquid service; and
instrumentation systems) as would otherwise be required under
Sec. 63.181(b)(1)(i).
(8) When the provisions of subpart H of this part specify that
Method 18, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A, shall be used, Method 18 or
Method 25A, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A, may be used for the purposes of
this subpart. The use of Method 25A, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A, shall
comply with paragraphs (a)(8)(i) and (a)(8)(ii) of this section.
(i) The organic HAP used as the calibration gas for Method 25A, 40
CFR part 60, appendix A, shall be the single organic HAP representing
the largest percent by volume of the emissions.
[[Page 48260]]
(ii) The use of Method 25A, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A, is
acceptable if the response from the high-level calibration gas is at
least 20 times the standard deviation of the response from the zero
calibration gas when the instrument is zeroed on the most sensitive
scale.
(9) For purposes of this subpart, bottoms receivers and surge
control vessels are not considered equipment for purposes of this
section and are not subject to the requirements of subpart H of this
part.
(b) The provisions of this section do not apply to each TPPU
producing PET using a process other than a continuous terephthalic acid
(TPA) high viscosity multiple end finisher process that is part of an
affected source if all of the components in the TPPU are either in
vacuum service or in heavy liquid service.
(1) Owners and operators of a TPPU exempted under paragraph (b) of
this section shall retain at the facility information, data, and
analyses used to demonstrate that all of the components in the exempted
TPPU are either in vacuum service or in heavy liquid service. Such
documentation shall include an analysis or demonstration that the
process fluids do not meet the criteria of ``in light liquid service''
or ``in gas or vapor service.'' Examples of information that could
document this include, but are not limited to, records of chemicals
purchased for the process, analyses of process stream composition,
engineering calculations, or process knowledge.
(2) If changes occur at a TPPU exempted under paragraph (b) of this
section such that all of the components in the TPPU are no longer
either in vacuum service or in heavy liquid service (e.g., by either
process changes or the addition of new components), the owner or
operator shall comply with the provisions of this section for all of
the components at the TPPU. The owner or operator shall submit a report
within 180 days after the process change is made or the information
regarding the process change is known to the owner or operator. This
report may be included in the next Periodic Report, as specified in
paragraph (a)(5) of this section. The following information shall be
submitted:
(i) A description of the process change; and
(ii) A schedule for compliance with the provisions of
Sec. 63.1331(a), as specified in paragraphs (b)(2)(ii)(A) and
(b)(2)(ii)(B) of this section.
(A) The owner or operator shall submit to the Administrator for
approval a compliance schedule and a justification for the schedule.
(B) The Administrator shall approve the compliance schedule or
request changes within 120 operating days of receipt of the compliance
schedule and justification.
(c) The provisions of this section do not apply to each affected
source producing PET using a continuous TPA high viscosity multiple end
finisher process.
Sec. 63.1332 Emissions averaging provisions.
(a) This section applies to owners or operators of existing
affected sources who seek to comply with Sec. 63.1313(b) by using
emissions averaging rather than following the provisions of
Secs. 63.1314, 63.1315, 63.1316 through 63.1320, 63.1321, and 63.1330.
(1) The following emission point limitations apply to the use of
these provisions:
(i) All emission points included in an emissions average shall be
from the same affected source. There may be an emissions average for
each affected source located at a plant site.
(ii)(A) If a plant site has only one affected source for which
emissions averaging is being used to demonstrate compliance, the number
of emission points allowed in the emissions average for said affected
source is limited to twenty. This number may be increased by up to five
additional emission points if pollution prevention measures are used to
control five or more of the emission points included in the emissions
average.
(B) If a plant site has two or more affected sources for which
emissions averaging is being used to demonstrate compliance, the number
of emission points allowed in the emissions averages for said affected
sources is limited to twenty. This number may be increased by up to
five additional emission points if pollution prevention measures are
used to control five or more of the emission points included in the
emissions averages.
(2) Compliance with the provisions of this section can be based on
either organic HAP or TOC.
(3) For the purposes of these provisions, whenever Method 18, 40
CFR part 60, appendix A is specified within the paragraphs of this
section or is specified by reference through provisions outside this
section, Method 18 or Method 25A, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A may be
used. The use of Method 25A, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A shall comply
with paragraphs (a)(3)(i) and (a)(3)(ii) of this section.
(i) The organic HAP used as the calibration gas for Method 25A, 40
CFR part 60, appendix A shall be the single organic HAP representing
the largest percent by volume of the emissions.
(ii) The use of Method 25A, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A is
acceptable if the response from the high-level calibration gas is at
least 20 times the standard deviation of the response from the zero
calibration gas when the instrument is zeroed on the most sensitive
scale.
(b) Unless an operating permit application has been submitted, the
owner or operator shall develop and submit for approval an Emissions
Averaging Plan containing all of the information required in
Sec. 63.1335(e)(4) for all emission points to be included in an
emissions average.
(c) Paragraphs (c)(1) through (c)(5) of this section describe the
emission points that can be used to generate emissions averaging
credits if control was applied after November 15, 1990, and if
sufficient information is available to determine the appropriate value
of credits for the emission point. Paragraph (c)(6) of this section
discusses the use of pollution prevention in generating emissions
averaging credits.
(1) Storage vessels, batch process vents, aggregate batch vent
streams, continuous process vents subject to Sec. 63.1315, and process
wastewater streams that are determined to be Group 2 emission points.
The term ``continuous process vents subject to Sec. 63.1315'' includes
continuous process vents subject to Sec. 63.1316 (b)(1)(iii),
(b)(2)(iii), and (c)(2), which reference Sec. 63.1315.
(2) Continuous process vents located in the collection of material
recovery sections within the affected source at an existing affected
source producing PET using a continuous dimethyl terephthalate process
subject to Sec. 63.1316(b)(1)(i) where the uncontrolled organic HAP
emissions from said continuous process vents are equal to or less than
0.12 kg organic HAP per Mg of product. These continuous process vents
shall be considered Group 2 emission points for the purposes of this
section.
(3) Storage vessels, continuous process vents subject to
Sec. 63.1315, and process wastewater streams that are determined to be
Group 1 emission points and that are controlled by a technology that
the Administrator or permitting authority agrees has a higher nominal
efficiency than the reference control technology. Information on the
nominal efficiencies for such technologies must be submitted and
approved as provided in paragraph (i) of this section.
(4) Batch process vents and aggregate batch vent streams that are
determined to be Group 1 emission points and that
[[Page 48261]]
are controlled to a level more stringent than the applicable standard.
(5) Continuous process vents subject to Sec. 63.1316 (b)(1)(i),
(b)(1)(ii), (b)(2)(i), (b)(2)(ii), or (c)(1) located in the collection
of process sections within the affected source, as specified in
paragraphs (c)(5)(i) through (c)(5)(ii) of this section. The continuous
process vents identified in paragraphs (c)(5)(i) through (c)(5)(ii) of
this section shall be considered to be Group 1 emission points for the
purposes of this section.
(i) Continuous process vents subject to Sec. 63.1316(b)(1)(i)
located in the collection of material recovery sections within the
affected source where the uncontrolled organic HAP emissions for said
continuous process vents are greater than 0.12 kg organic HAP per Mg of
product and said continuous process vents are controlled to a level
more stringent than the applicable standard.
(ii) Continuous process vents subject to Sec. 63.1316(b)(1)(ii),
(b)(2)(i), (b)(2)(ii), or (c)(1) located in the collection of process
sections within the affected source where the uncontrolled organic HAP
emissions from said continuous process vents are controlled to a level
more stringent than the applicable standard.
(6) The percent reduction for any storage vessel, batch process
vent, aggregate batch vent stream, continuous process vent, and process
wastewater stream from which emissions are reduced by pollution
prevention measures shall be determined using the procedures specified
in paragraph (j) of this section.
(i) For a Group 1 storage vessel, batch process vent, aggregate
batch vent stream, continuous process vent, or process wastewater
stream, the pollution prevention measure must reduce emissions more
than if the applicable reference control technology or standard had
been applied to the emission point instead of the pollution prevention
measure, except as provided in paragraph (c)(6)(ii) of this section.
(ii) If a pollution prevention measure is used in conjunction with
other controls for a Group 1 storage vessel, batch process vent,
aggregate batch vent stream, continuous process vent, or process
wastewater stream, the pollution prevention measure alone does not have
to reduce emissions more than the applicable reference control
technology or standard, but the combination of the pollution prevention
measure and other controls must reduce emissions more than if the
applicable reference control technology or standard had been applied
instead of the pollution prevention measure.
(d) The following emission points cannot be used to generate
emissions averaging credits:
(1) Emission points already controlled on or before November 15,
1990, cannot be used to generate credits unless the level of control is
increased after November 15, 1990. In this case, credit will be allowed
only for the increase in control after November 15, 1990.
(2) Group 1 emission points, identified in paragraph (c)(3) of this
section, that are controlled by a reference control technology cannot
be used to generate credits unless the reference control technology has
been approved for use in a different manner and a higher nominal
efficiency has been assigned according to the procedures in paragraph
(i) of this section.
(3) Emission points for nonoperating TPPU cannot be used to
generate credits. TPPU that are shutdown cannot be used to generate
credits or debits.
(4) Maintenance wastewater cannot be used to generate credits.
Wastewater streams treated in biological treatment units cannot be used
to generate credits. These two types of wastewater cannot be used to
generate credits or debits. For the purposes of this section, the terms
wastewater and wastewater stream are used to mean process wastewater.
(5) Emission points controlled to comply with a State or Federal
rule other than this subpart cannot be used to generate credits, unless
the level of control has been increased after November 15, 1990, to a
level above what is required by the other State or Federal rule. Only
the control above what is required by the other State or Federal rule
will be credited. However, if an emission point has been used to
generate emissions averaging credit in an approved emissions average,
and the emission point is subsequently made subject to a State or
Federal rule other than this subpart, the emission point can continue
to generate emissions averaging credit for the purpose of complying
with the previously approved emissions average.
(e) For all emission points included in an emissions average, the
owner or operator shall perform the following tasks:
(1) Calculate and record monthly debits for all Group 1 emission
points that are controlled to a level less stringent than the reference
control technology or standard for those emission points. Said Group 1
emission points are identified in paragraphs (c)(3) through (c)(5) of
this section. Equations in paragraph (g) of this section shall be used
to calculate debits.
(2) Calculate and record monthly credits for all Group 1 and Group
2 emission points that are over-controlled to compensate for the
debits. Equations in paragraph (h) of this section shall be used to
calculate credits. Emission points and controls that meet the criteria
of paragraph (c) of this section may be included in the credit
calculation, whereas those described in paragraph (d) of this section
shall not be included.
(3) Demonstrate that annual credits calculated according to
paragraph (h) of this section are greater than or equal to debits
calculated for the same annual compliance period according to paragraph
(g) of this section.
(i) The owner or operator may choose to include more than the
required number of credit-generating emission points in an emissions
average in order to increase the likelihood of being in compliance.
(ii) The initial demonstration in the Emissions Averaging Plan or
operating permit application that credit-generating emission points
will be capable of generating sufficient credits to offset the debits
from the debit-generating emission points must be made under
representative operating conditions. After the compliance date, actual
operating data will be used for all debit and credit calculations.
(4) Demonstrate that debits calculated for a quarterly (3-month)
period according to paragraph (g) of this section are not more than
1.30 times the credits for the same period calculated according to
paragraph (h) of this section. Compliance for the quarter shall be
determined based on the ratio of credits and debits from that quarter,
with 30 percent more debits than credits allowed on a quarterly basis.
(5) Record and report quarterly and annual credits and debits in
the Periodic Reports as specified in Sec. 63.1335(e)(6). Every fourth
Periodic Report shall include a certification of compliance with the
emissions averaging provisions as required by
Sec. 63.1335(e)(6)(vi)(D)(2).
(f) Debits and credits shall be calculated in accordance with the
methods and procedures specified in paragraphs (g) and (h) of this
section, respectively, and shall not include emissions during the
following periods:
(1) Emissions during periods of start-up, shutdown, and
malfunction, as described in the Start-up, Shutdown, and Malfunction
Plan.
(2) Emissions during periods of monitoring excursions, as defined
in Sec. 63.1334(d). For these periods, the calculation of monthly
credits and debits shall be adjusted as specified in
[[Page 48262]]
paragraphs (f)(2)(i) through (f)(2)(iii) of this section.
(i) No credits would be assigned to the credit-generating emission
point.
(ii) Maximum debits would be assigned to the debit-generating
emission point.
(iii) The owner or operator may demonstrate to the Administrator
that full or partial credits or debits should be assigned using the
procedures in paragraph (l) of this section.
(g) Debits are generated by the difference between the actual
emissions from a Group 1 emission point that is uncontrolled or is
controlled to a level less stringent than the applicable reference
control technology or standard and the emissions allowed for the Group
1 emission point. Said Group 1 emission points are identified in
paragraphs (c)(3) through (c)(5) of this section. Debits shall be
calculated as follows:
(1) Source-wide debits shall be calculated using Equation 28 of
this subpart. Debits and all terms of Equation 28 of this subpart are
in units of megagrams per month.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR12SE96.027
where:
ECPViACTUAL=Emissions from each Group 1 continuous process vent i
subject to Sec. 63.1315 that is uncontrolled or is controlled to a
level less stringent than the applicable reference control technology.
ECPViACTUAL is calculated according to paragraph (g)(2) of this
section.
(0.02)ECPViu=Emissions from each Group 1 continuous process vent i
subject to Sec. 63.1315 if the applicable reference control technology
had been applied to the uncontrolled emissions. ECPViu is
calculated according to paragraph (g)(2) of this section.
ECPVSjACTUAL=Emissions from Group 1 continuous process vents
subject to Sec. 63.1316 (b)(1)(i), (b)(1)(ii), (b)(2)(i), (b)(2)(ii),
or (c)(1) located in the collection of process sections j within the
affected source that are uncontrolled or controlled to a level less
stringent than the applicable standard. ECPVSjACTUAL is calculated
according to paragraph (g)(3) of this section.
ECPVSjSTD=Emissions from Group 1 continuous process vents subject
to Sec. 63.1316 (b)(1)(i), (b)(1)(ii), (b)(2)(i), (b)(2)(ii), or (c)(1)
located in the collection of process sections j within the affected
source if the applicable standard had been applied to the uncontrolled
emissions. ECPVSjSTD is calculated according to paragraph (g)(3)
of this section.
ESiACTUAL=Emissions from each Group 1 storage vessel i that is
uncontrolled or is controlled to a level less stringent than the
applicable reference control technology or standard. ESiACTUAL is
calculated according to paragraph (g)(4) of this section.
(BL)ESiu=Emissions from each Group 1 storage vessel i if the
applicable reference control technology or standard had been applied to
the uncontrolled emissions. ESiu is calculated according to
paragraph (g)(4) of this section. For calculating emissions, BL=0.05
for each Group 1 storage vessel i subject to Sec. 63.1314(a); and
BL=0.02 for each storage vessel i subject to Sec. 63.1314(c).
EWWiACTUAL=Emissions from each Group 1 wastewater stream i that is
uncontrolled or is controlled to a level less stringent than the
applicable reference control technology. EWWiACTUAL is calculated
according to paragraph (g)(5) of this section.
EWWic=Emissions from each Group 1 wastewater stream i if the
reference control technology had been applied to the uncontrolled
emissions. EWWic is calculated according to paragraph (g)(5) of
this section.
EBPViACTUAL=Emissions from each Group 1 batch process vent i that
is uncontrolled or is controlled to a level less stringent than the
applicable reference control technology. EBPViiACTUAL is
calculated according to paragraph (g)(6) of this section.
(0.10)EBPViu=Emissions from each Group 1 batch process vent i if
the applicable reference control technology had been applied to the
uncontrolled emissions. EBPViu is calculated according to
paragraph (g)(6) of this section.
EABViACTUAL=Emissions from each Group 1 aggregate batch vent
stream i that is uncontrolled or is controlled to a level less
stringent than the applicable reference control technology.
EBPViiACTUAL is calculated according to paragraph (g)(7) of this
section.
(0.10)EABViu=Emissions from each Group 1 aggregate batch vent
stream i if the applicable reference control technology had been
applied to the uncontrolled emissions. EBPViu is calculated
according to paragraph (g)(7) of this section.
n=The number of emission points being included in the emissions
average.
(2) Emissions from continuous process vents subject to Sec. 63.1315
shall be calculated as follows:
(i) For purposes of determining continuous process vent stream flow
rate, organic HAP concentrations, and temperature, the sampling site
shall be after the final product recovery device, if any recovery
devices are present; before any control device (for continuous process
vents, recovery devices shall not be considered control devices); and
before discharge to the atmosphere. Method 1 or 1A, 40 CFR
[[Page 48263]]
part 60, appendix A, shall be used for selection of the sampling site.
(ii) ECPViu for each continuous process vent i shall be
calculated using Equation 29 of this subpart.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR12SE96.028
where:
ECPViu=Uncontrolled continuous process vent emission rate from
continuous process vent i, megagrams per month.
Q=Vent stream flow rate, dry standard cubic meters per minute, measured
using Method 2, 2A, 2C, or 2D, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A, as
appropriate.
h=Monthly hours of operation during which positive flow is present in
the continuous process vent, hours per month.
Cj=Concentration, parts per million by volume, dry basis, of organic
HAP j as measured by Method 18, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A.
Mj=Molecular weight of organic HAP j, gram per gram-mole.
n=Number of organic HAP in stream.
(A) The values of Q and Cj shall be determined during a performance
test conducted under representative operating conditions. The values of
Q and Cj shall be established in the Notification of Compliance Status
and must be updated as provided in paragraph (g)(2)(ii)(B) of this
section.
(B) If there is a change in capacity utilization other than a
change in monthly operating hours, or if any other change is made to
the process or product recovery equipment or operation such that the
previously measured values of Q and Cj are no longer representative, a
new performance test shall be conducted to determine new representative
values of Q and Cj. These new values shall be used to calculate debits
and credits from the time of the change forward, and the new values
shall be reported in the next Periodic Report.
(iii) The following procedures and equations shall be used to
calculate ECPViACTUAL:
(A) If the continuous process vent is not controlled by a control
device or pollution prevention measure, ECPViACTUAL=ECPViu,
where ECPViu is calculated according to the procedures in
paragraphs (g)(2)(i) and (g)(2)(ii) of this section.
(B) If the continuous process vent is controlled using a control
device or a pollution prevention measure achieving less than 98 percent
reduction, calculate ECPViACTUAL using Equation 30 of this
subpart.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR12SE96.029
(1) The percent reduction shall be measured according to the
procedures in Sec. 63.116 if a combustion control device is used. For a
flare meeting the criteria in Sec. 63.116(a), or a boiler or process
heater meeting the criteria in Sec. 63.116(b), the percent reduction
shall be 98 percent. If a noncombustion control device is used, percent
reduction shall be demonstrated by a performance test at the inlet and
outlet of the device, or, if testing is not feasible, by a control
design evaluation and documented engineering calculations.
(2) For determining debits from Group 1 continuous process vents,
product recovery devices shall not be considered control devices and
cannot be assigned a percent reduction in calculating ECPViACTUAL.
The sampling site for measurement of uncontrolled emissions is after
the final product recovery device. However, as provided in
Sec. 63.113(a)(3), a Group 1 continuous process vent may add sufficient
product recovery to raise the TRE index value above 1.0 or, for Group 1
continuous process vents at an existing affected source producing MBS,
above 3.7, thereby becoming a Group 2 continuous process vent. Such a
continuous process vent would not be a Group 1 continuous process vent
and would, therefore, not be included in determining debits under this
paragraph (g)(2)(iii)(B)(2).
(3) Procedures for calculating the percent reduction of pollution
prevention measures are specified in paragraph (j) of this section.
(3) Emissions from continuous process vents located in the
collection of process sections within the affected source subject to
Sec. 63.1316 (b)(1)(i), (b)(1)(ii), (b)(2)(i), (b)(2)(ii), or (c)(1)
shall be calculated as follows:
(i) The total organic HAP emissions from continuous process vents
located in the collection of process sections j within the affected
source, ECPVSjACTUAL, shall be calculated as follows. The
procedures in paragraph (g)(2)(iii) of this section shall be used to
determine the organic HAP emissions for each individual continuous
process vent, except that paragraph (g)(2)(iii)(B)(2) of this section
shall not apply and the sampling site shall be after those recovery
devices installed as part of normal operation; before any add-on
control devices (i.e., those required by regulation); and prior to
discharge to the atmosphere. Then, individual continuous process vent
emissions shall be summed to determine ECPVSjACTUAL.
(ii)(A) ECPVSjstd shall be calculated using Equation 31 of this
subpart.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR12SE96.030
where:
ECPVSjstd=Emissions if the applicable standard had been applied to
the uncontrolled emissions, megagrams per month.
EFstd=0.000018 Mg organic HAP/Mg of product, if the collection of
process sections within the affected source is subject to
Sec. 63.1316(b)(1)(i).
=0.00002 Mg organic HAP/Mg of product, if the collection of process
sections within the affected source is subject to Sec. 63.1316
(b)(1)(ii) or (b)(2)(ii).
=0.00004 Mg organic HAP/Mg of product, if the collection of process
sections within the affected source is subject to
Sec. 63.1316(b)(2)(i).
=0.0000036 Mg organic HAP/Mg of product, if the collection of
process sections within the affected source is subject to
Sec. 63.1316(c)(1).
[[Page 48264]]
PPj=Polymer produced, Mg/month, for the collection of process sections
j within the affected source, as calculated according to paragraph
(g)(3)(ii)(B) of this section.
(B) The amount of polymer produced, Mg per month, for the
collection of process sections j within the affected source shall be
determined by determining the weight of polymer pulled from the process
line(s) during a 30-day period. The polymer produced shall be
determined by direct measurement or by an alternate methodology, such
as materials balance. If an alternate methodology is used, a
description of the methodology, including all procedures, data, and
assumptions shall be submitted as part of the Emissions Averaging Plan
required by Sec. 63.1335(e)(4).
(C) Alternatively, ECPVSjstd for continuous process vents
located in the collection of process sections within the affected
source subject to Sec. 63.1316(c)(1) may be calculated using the
procedures in paragraph (g)(2)(i) and (g)(2)(ii) of this section to
determine the organic HAP emissions for each individual continuous
process vent, except that the sampling site shall be after recovery
devices installed as part of normal operation; before any add-on
control devices (i.e., those required by regulation); and prior to
discharge to the atmosphere. Then, individual continuous process vent
emissions shall be summed and multiplied by 0.02 to determine
ECPVSjstd.
(4) Emissions from storage vessels shall be calculated using the
procedures specified in Sec. 63.150(g)(3).
(5) Emissions from wastewater streams shall be calculated using the
procedures in Sec. 63.150(g)(5).
(6) Emissions from batch process vents shall be calculated as
follows:
(i) EBPViu for each batch process vent i shall be calculated
using the procedures specified in Sec. 63.1323(b).
(ii) The following procedures and equations shall be used to
determine EBPViACTUAL:
(A) If the batch process vent is not controlled by a control device
or pollution prevention measure, EBPViACTUAL=EBPViu, where
EBPViu is calculated using the procedures in Sec. 63.1323(b).
(B) If the batch process vent is controlled using a control device
or a pollution prevention measure achieving less than 90 percent
reduction for the batch cycle, calculate EBPViACTUAL using
Equation 32 of this subpart, where percent reduction is for the batch
cycle.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR12SE96.031
(1) The percent reduction for the batch cycle shall be calculated
according to the procedures in Sec. 63.1325(c)(2).
(2) The percent reduction for control devices shall be calculated
according to the procedures in Sec. 63.1325 (c)(2)(i) through
(c)(2)(iii).
(3) The percent reduction of pollution prevention measures shall be
calculated using the procedures specified in paragraph (j) of this
section.
(7) Emissions from aggregate batch vent streams shall be calculated
as follows:
(i) For purposes of determining aggregate batch vent stream flow
rate, organic HAP concentrations, and temperature, the sampling site
shall be before any control device and before discharge to the
atmosphere. Method 1 or 1A, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A, shall be used
for selection of the sampling site.
(ii) EABViu for each aggregate batch vent stream i shall be
calculated using Equation 33 of this subpart.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR12SE96.032
where:
EABViu=Uncontrolled aggregate batch vent stream emission rate from
aggregate batch vent stream i, megagrams per month.
Q=Vent stream flow rate, dry standard cubic meters per minute, measured
using Method 2, 2A, 2C, or 2D, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A, as
appropriate.
h=Monthly hours of operation during which positive flow is present from
the aggregate batch vent stream, hours per month.
Cj=Concentration, parts per million by volume, dry basis, of
organic HAP j as measured by Method 18, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A.
Mj=Molecular weight of organic HAP j, gram per gram-mole.
n=Number of organic HAP in the stream.
(A) The values of Q and Cj shall be determined during a
performance test conducted under representative operating conditions.
The values of Q and Cj shall be established in the Notification of
Compliance Status and must be updated as provided in paragraph
(g)(7)(ii)(B) of this section.
(B) If there is a change in capacity utilization other than a
change in monthly operating hours, or if any other change is made to
the process or product recovery equipment or operation such that the
previously measured values of Q and Cj are no longer
representative, a new performance test shall be conducted to determine
new representative values of Q and Cj. These new values shall be
used to calculate debits and credits from the time of the change
forward, and the new values shall be reported in the next Periodic
Report.
(iii) The following procedures and equations shall be used to
calculate EABViACTUAL:
(A) If the aggregate batch vent stream is not controlled by a
control device or pollution prevention measure, EABViACTUAL =
EABViu, where EABViu is calculated according to the
procedures in paragraphs (g)(7)(i) and (g)(7)(ii) of this section.
(B) If the aggregate batch vent stream is controlled using a
control device or a pollution prevention measure achieving less than 90
percent reduction, calculate EABViACTUAL using Equation 34 of this
subpart.
[[Page 48265]]
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR12SE96.033
(1) The percent reduction for control devices shall be determined
according to the procedures in Sec. 63.1325(e).
(2) The percent reduction for pollution prevention measures shall
be calculated according to the procedures specified in paragraph (j) of
this section.
(h) Credits are generated by the difference between emissions that
are allowed for each Group 1 and Group 2 emission point and the actual
emissions from that Group 1 or Group 2 emission point that has been
controlled after November 15, 1990 to a level more stringent than what
is required by this subpart or any other State or Federal rule or
statute. Said Group 1 and Group 2 emission points are identified in
paragraphs (c)(1) through (c)(5) of this section. Credits shall be
calculated using Equation 35 of this subpart.
(1) Sourcewide credits shall be calculated using Equation 35 of
this subpart.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR12SE96.034
Credits and all terms of Equation 35 of this subpart are in units of
megagrams per month, the baseline date is November 15, 1990.
where:
D=Discount factor=0.9 for all credit generating emission points except
those controlled by a pollution prevention measure; discount factor=1.0
for each credit generating emission point controlled by a pollution
prevention measure (i.e., no discount provided).
ECPV1iACTUAL=Emissions for each Group 1 continuous process vent i
subject to Sec. 63.1315 that is controlled to a level more stringent
than the reference control technology. ECPV1iACTUAL is calculated
according to paragraph (h)(2) of this section.
(0.02)ECPV1iu=Emissions from each Group 1 continuous process vent
i subject to Sec. 63.1315 if the applicable reference control
technology had been applied to the uncontrolled emissions. ECPV1iu
is calculated according to paragraph (h)(2) of this section.
[[Page 48266]]
ECPVS1jSTD=Emissions from Group 1 continuous process vents subject
to Sec. 63.1316 (b)(1)(i), (b)(1)(ii), (b)(2)(i), (b)(2)(ii), or (c)(1)
located in the collection of process sections j within the affected
source if the applicable standard had been applied to the uncontrolled
emissions. ECPVS1jSTD is calculated according to paragraph (h)(3)
of this section.
ECPVS1jACTUAL=Emissions from Group 1 continuous process vents
subject to Sec. 63.1316 (b)(1)(i), (b)(1)(ii), (b)(2)(i), (b)(2)(ii),
or (c)(1) located in the collection of process sections j within the
affected source that are controlled to a level more stringent than the
applicable standard. ECPVS1jACTUAL is calculated according to
paragraph (h)(3) of this section.
ECPV2iACTUAL=Emissions from each Group 2 continuous process vent i
subject to Sec. 63.1315 that is controlled. ECPV2iACTUAL is
calculated according to paragraph (h)(2) of this section.
ECPV2iBASE=Emissions from each Group 2 continuous process vent i
subject to Sec. 63.1315 at the baseline date. ECPV2iBASE is
calculated according to paragraph (h)(2) of this section.
ECPVS2jBASE=Emissions from Group 2 continuous process vents
subject to Sec. 63.1316(b)(1)(i) located in the collection of material
recovery sections j within the affected source at the baseline date.
ECPVS2jBASE is calculated according to paragraph (h)(3) of this
section.
ECPVS2jACTUAL=Emissions from Group 2 continuous process vents
subject to Sec. 63.1316(b)(1)(i) located in the collection of material
recovery sections j within the affected source that are controlled.
ECPVS2jACTUAL is calculated according to paragraph (h)(3) of this
section.
ES1iACTUAL=Emissions from each Group 1 storage vessel i that is
controlled to a level more stringent than the applicable reference
control technology or standard. ES1iACTUAL is calculated according
to paragraph (h)(4) of this section.
(BL)ES1iu=Emissions from each Group 1 storage vessel i if the
applicable reference control technology or standard had been applied to
the uncontrolled emissions. ES1iu is calculated according to
paragraph (h)(4) of this section. For calculating these emissions,
BL=0.05 for each Group 1 storage vessel i subject to Sec. 63.1314(a);
and BL=0.02 for each storage vessel i subject to Sec. 63.1314(c).
ES2iACTUAL=Emissions from each Group 2 storage vessel i that is
controlled. ES2iACTUAL is calculated according to paragraph (h)(4)
of this section.
ES2iBASE=Emissions from each Group 2 storage vessel i at the
baseline date. ES2iBASE is calculated according to paragraph
(h)(4) of this section.
EWW1iACTUAL=Emissions from each Group 1 wastewater stream i that
is controlled to a level more stringent than the reference control
technology. EWW1iACTUAL is calculated according to paragraph
(h)(5) of this section.
EWW1ic=Emissions from each Group 1 wastewater stream i if the
reference control technology had been applied to the uncontrolled
emissions. EWW1ic is calculated according to paragraph (h)(5) of
this section.
EWW2iACTUAL=Emissions from each Group 2 wastewater stream i that
is controlled. EWW2iACTUAL is calculated according to paragraph
(h)(5) of this section.
EWW2iBASE=Emissions from each Group 2 wastewater stream i at the
baseline date. EWW2iBASE is calculated according to paragraph
(h)(5) of this section.
(0.10)EBPV1iu=Emissions from each Group 1 batch process vent i if
the applicable reference control technology had been applied to the
uncontrolled emissions. EBPV1iu is calculated according to
paragraph (h)(6) of this section.
EBPV1iACTUAL=Emissions from each Group 1 batch process vent i that
is controlled to a level more stringent than the reference control
technology. EBPV1iACTUAL is calculated according to paragraph
(h)(6) of this section.
(0.10)EABV1iu=Emissions from each Group 1 aggregate batch vent
stream i if the applicable reference control technology had been
applied to the uncontrolled emissions. EABV1iu is calculated
according to paragraph (h)(7) of this section.
EABV1iACTUAL=Emissions from each Group 1 aggregate batch vent
stream i that is controlled to a level more stringent than the
reference control technology. EABV1iACTUAL is calculated according
to paragraph (h)(7) of this section.
EBPV2iBASE=Emissions from each Group 2 batch process vent i at the
baseline date. EBPV2iBASE is calculated according to paragraph
(h)(6) of this section.
EBPV2iACTUAL=Emissions from each Group 2 batch process vent i that
is controlled. EBPV2iACTUAL is calculated according to paragraph
(h)(6) of this section.
EABV2iBASE=Emissions from each Group 2 aggregate batch vent stream
i at the baseline date. EABV2iBASE is calculated according to
paragraph (h)(7) of this section.
EABV2iACTUAL=Emissions from each Group 2 aggregate batch vent
stream i that is controlled. EABV2iACTUAL is calculated according
to paragraph (h)(7) of this section.
n=Number of Group 1 emission points included in the emissions average.
The value of n is not necessarily the same for continuous process
vents, batch process vents, aggregate batch vent streams, storage
vessels, wastewater streams, or the collection of process sections
within the affected source.
m=Number of Group 2 emission points included in the emissions average.
The value of m is not necessarily the same for continuous process
vents, batch process vents, aggregate batch vent streams, storage
vessels, wastewater streams, or the collection of process sections
within the affected source.
(i) Except as specified in paragraph (h)(1)(iv) of this section,
for an emission point controlled using a reference control technology,
the percent reduction for calculating credits shall be no greater than
the nominal efficiency associated with the reference control
technology, unless a higher nominal efficiency is assigned as specified
in paragraph (h)(1)(ii) of this section.
(ii) For an emission point controlled to a level more stringent
than the reference control technology, the nominal efficiency for
calculating credits shall be assigned as described in paragraph (i) of
this section. A reference control technology may be approved for use in
a different manner and assigned a higher nominal efficiency according
to the procedures in paragraph (i) of this section.
(iii) For an emission point controlled using a pollution prevention
measure, the nominal efficiency for calculating credits shall be as
determined as described in paragraph (j) of this section.
(iv) For Group 1 and Group 2 batch process vents and Group 1 and
Group 2 aggregate batch vent streams, the percent reduction for
calculating credits shall be the percent reduction determined according
to the procedures in paragraphs (h)(6)(ii) and (h)(6)(iii) of this
section for batch process vents and paragraphs (h)(7)(ii) and
(h)(7)(iii) of this section for aggregate batch vent streams.
[[Page 48267]]
(2) Emissions from continuous process vents subject to Sec. 63.1315
shall be determined as follows:
(i) Uncontrolled emissions from Group 1 continuous process vents
(ECPV1iu) shall be calculated according to the procedures and
equation for ECPViu in paragraphs (g)(2)(i) and (g)(2)(ii) of this
section.
(ii) Actual emissions from Group 1 continuous process vents
controlled using a technology with an approved nominal efficiency
greater than 98 percent or a pollution prevention measure achieving
greater than 98 percent emission reduction (ECPV1iACTUAL) shall be
calculated using Equation 36 of this subpart.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR12SE96.035
(iii) The following procedures shall be used to calculate actual
emissions from Group 2 continuous process vents (ECPV2iACTUAL):
(A) For a Group 2 continuous process vent controlled by a control
device, a recovery device applied as a pollution prevention project, or
a pollution prevention measure, where the control achieves a percent
reduction less than or equal to 98 percent reduction, use Equation 37
of this subpart.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR12SE96.036
(1) ECPV2iu shall be calculated according to the equations and
procedures for ECPViu in paragraphs (g)(2)(i) and (g)(2)(ii) of
this section, except as provided in paragraph (h)(2)(iii)(A)(3) of this
section.
(2) The percent reduction shall be calculated according to the
procedures in paragraphs (g)(2)(iii)(B)(1) through (g)(2)(iii)(B)(3) of
this section, except as provided in paragraph (h)(2)(iii)(A)(4) of this
section.
(3) If a recovery device was added as part of a pollution
prevention project, ECPV2iu shall be calculated prior to that
recovery device. The equation for ECPViu in paragraph (g)(2)(ii)
of this section shall be used to calculate ECPV2iu; however, the
sampling site for measurement of vent stream flow rate and organic HAP
concentration shall be at the inlet of the recovery device.
(4) If a recovery device was added as part of a pollution
prevention project, the percent reduction shall be demonstrated by
conducting a performance test at the inlet and outlet of that recovery
device.
(B) For a Group 2 continuous process vent controlled using a
technology with an approved nominal efficiency greater than 98 percent
or a pollution prevention measure achieving greater than 98 percent
reduction, use Equation 38 of this subpart.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR12SE96.037
(iv) Emissions from Group 2 continuous process vents at baseline
shall be calculated as follows:
(A) If the continuous process vent was uncontrolled on November 15,
1990, ECPV2iBASE=ECPV2iu and shall be calculated according to
the procedures and equation for ECPViu in paragraphs (g)(2)(i) and
(g)(2)(ii) of this section.
(B) If the continuous process vent was controlled on November 15,
1990, use Equation 39 of this subpart.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR12SE96.038
(1) ECPV2iu is calculated according to the procedures and
equation for ECPViu in paragraphs (g)(2)(i) and (g)(2)(ii) of this
section.
(2) The percent reduction shall be calculated according to the
procedures specified in paragraphs (g)(2)(iii)(B)(1) through
(g)(2)(iii)(B)(3) of this section.
(C) If a recovery device was added as part of a pollution
prevention project initiated after November 15, 1990,
ECPV2iBASE=ECPV2iu, where ECPV2iu is calculated
according to paragraph (h)(2)(iii)(A)(3) of this section.
(3) Emissions from continuous process vents subject to
Sec. 63.1316(b)(1)(i), (b)(1)(ii), (b)(2)(i), (b)(2)(ii), or (c)(1)
shall be determined as follows:
(i) Emissions from Group 1 continuous process vents located in the
collection of process sections j within the affected source if the
applicable standard had been applied to the uncontrolled emissions
(ECPVS1jstd) shall be calculated according to paragraph (g)(3)(ii)
of this section.
(ii) Actual emissions from Group 1 continuous process vents located
in the collection of process sections j within the affected source
controlled to a level more stringent than the applicable standard
(ECPVS1jACTUAL) shall be calculated using the procedures in
paragraphs (g)(3)(ii)(A) and (g)(3)(ii)(B) of this section, except that
the actual emission level, Mg organic HAP/Mg of product, shall be used
as EFstd in Equation 31 of this subpart. Further,
ECPVS1jACTUAL for continuous process vents subject to
Sec. 63.1316(c)(1) controlled in accordance with
Sec. 63.1316(c)(1)(iii) shall be calculated using the procedures in
paragraph
[[Page 48268]]
(h)(2)(ii) of this section for individual continuous process vents and
then summing said emissions to get ECPVS1jACTUAL, except that the
sampling site shall be after recovery devices installed as part of
normal operation; before any add-on control devices (i.e., those
required by regulation); and prior to discharge to the atmosphere.
(iii) Actual emissions from Group 2 continuous process vents
subject to Sec. 63.1316(b)(1)(i) located in the collection of material
recovery sections j within the affected source (ECPVS2jACTUAL)
shall be calculated using the procedures in paragraphs (g)(3)(ii)(A)
and (g)(3)(ii)(B) of this section, except that the actual emission
level, Mg organic HAP/Mg of product, shall be used as EFstd in
Equation 31 of this subpart.
(iv) Emissions from Group 2 continuous process vents subject to
Sec. 63.1316(b)(1)(i) located in the collection of material recovery
sections j within the affected source at baseline (ECPVS2jBASE)
shall be calculated using the procedures in paragraphs (g)(3)(ii)(A)
and (g)(3)(ii)(B) of this section, except that the actual emission
level, Mg organic HAP/Mg of product, at baseline shall be used as
EFstd in Equation 31 of this subpart.
(4)(i) Emissions from storage vessels shall be calculated using the
procedures specified in Sec. 63.150(h)(3).
(ii) Actual emissions from Group 1 storage vessels at an existing
affected source producing ASA/AMSAN subject to Sec. 63.1314(c) using a
technology with an approved nominal efficiency greater than 98 percent
or a pollution prevention measure achieving greater than 98 percent
emission reduction shall be calculated using the procedures specified
in Sec. 63.150(h)(3)(ii).
(5) Emissions from wastewater streams shall be calculated using the
procedures specified in Sec. 63.150(h)(5).
(6) Emissions from batch process vents shall be determined as
follows:
(i) Uncontrolled emissions from Group 1 batch process vents
(EBPV1iu) shall be calculated using the procedures
Sec. 63.1323(b).
(ii) Actual emissions from Group 1 batch process vents controlled
to a level more stringent than the reference control technology
(EBPV1iACTUAL) shall be calculated using Equation 40 of this
subpart, where percent reduction is for the batch cycle.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR12SE96.039
(A) The percent reduction for the batch cycle shall be calculated
according to the procedures in Sec. 63.1325(c)(2).
(B) The percent reduction for control devices shall be determined
according to the procedures in Sec. 63.1325(c)(2)(i) through
(c)(2)(iii).
(C) The percent reduction of pollution prevention measures shall be
calculated using the procedures specified in paragraph (j) of this
section.
(iii) Actual emissions from Group 2 batch process vents
(EBPV2iACTUAL) shall be calculated using Equation 41 of this
subpart and the procedures in paragraphs (h)(6)(ii)(A) through
(h)(6)(ii)(C) of this section. EBPV2iu shall be calculated using
the procedures specified in Sec. 63.1323(b).
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR12SE96.040
(iv) Emissions from Group 2 batch process vents at baseline
(EBPV2iBASE) shall be calculated as follows:
(A) If the batch process vent was uncontrolled on November 15,
1990, EBPV2iBASE=EBPV2iu and shall be calculated using the
procedures specified in Sec. 63.1323(b).
(B) If the batch process vent was controlled on November 15, 1990,
use Equation 42 of this subpart and the procedures in paragraphs
(h)(6)(ii)(A) through (h)(6)(ii)(C) of this section. EBPV2iu shall
be calculated using the procedures specified in Sec. 63.1323(b).
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR12SE96.041
(7) Emissions from aggregate batch vent streams shall be determined
as follows:
(i) Uncontrolled emissions from Group 1 aggregate batch vent
streams (EABV1iu) shall be calculated according to the procedures
and equation for EABViu in paragraphs (g)(7)(i) and (g)(7)(ii) of
this section.
(ii) Actual emissions from Group 1 aggregate batch vent streams
controlled to a level more stringent than the reference control
technology (EABV1iACTUAL) shall be calculated using Equation 43 of
this subpart.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR12SE96.042
[[Page 48269]]
(A) The percent reduction for control devices shall be determined
according to the procedures in Sec. 63.1325(e).
(B) The percent reduction of pollution prevention measures shall be
calculated using the procedures specified in paragraph (j) of this
section.
(iii) Actual emissions from Group 2 aggregate batch vent streams
(EABV2iACTUAL) shall be calculated using Equation 44 of this
subpart and the procedures in paragraphs (h)(7)(ii)(A) through
(h)(7)(ii)(B) of this section. EABV2iu shall be calculated
according to the equations and procedures for EABViu in paragraphs
(g)(7)(i) and (g)(7)(ii) of this section.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR12SE96.043
(iv) Emissions from Group 2 aggregate batch vent streams at
baseline shall be calculated as follows:
(A) If the aggregate batch vent stream was uncontrolled on November
15, 1990, EABV2iBASE=EABV2iu and shall be calculated
according to the procedures and equation for EABViu in paragraphs
(g)(7)(i) and (g)(7)(ii) of this section.
(B) If the aggregate batch vent stream was controlled on November
15, 1990, use Equation 45 of this subpart and the procedures in
paragraphs (h)(7)(ii)(A) through (h)(7)(ii)(B) of this section.
EABV2iu shall be calculated according to the equations and
procedures for EABViu in paragraphs (g)(7)(i) and (g)(7)(ii) of
this section.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR12SE96.044
(i) The following procedures shall be followed to establish nominal
efficiencies for emission controls for storage vessels, continuous
process vents, and process wastewater streams. The procedures in
paragraphs (i)(1) through (i)(6) of this section shall be followed for
control technologies that are different in use or design from the
reference control technologies and achieve greater percent reductions
than the percent efficiencies assigned to the reference control
technologies in Sec. 63.111.
(1) In those cases where the owner or operator is seeking
permission to take credit for use of a control technology that is
different in use or design from the reference control technology, and
the different control technology will be used in more than three
applications at a single plant-site, the owner or operator shall submit
the information specified in paragraphs (i)(1)(i) through (i)(1)(iv) of
this section to the Director of the EPA Office of Air Quality Planning
and Standards in writing:
(i) Emission stream characteristics of each emission point to which
the control technology is or will be applied including the kind of
emission point, flow, organic HAP concentration, and all other stream
characteristics necessary to design the control technology or determine
its performance.
(ii) Description of the control technology including design
specifications.
(iii) Documentation demonstrating to the Administrator's
satisfaction the control efficiency of the control technology. This may
include performance test data collected using an appropriate EPA Method
or any other method validated according to Method 301 of appendix A of
this part. If it is infeasible to obtain test data, documentation may
include a design evaluation and calculations. The engineering basis of
the calculation procedures and all inputs and assumptions made in the
calculations shall be documented.
(iv) A description of the parameter or parameters to be monitored
to ensure that the control technology will be operated in conformance
with its design and an explanation of the criteria used for selection
of that parameter (or parameters).
(2) The Administrator shall determine within 120 operating days
whether an application presents sufficient information to determine
nominal efficiency. The Administrator reserves the right to request
specific data in addition to the items listed in paragraph (i)(1) of
this section.
(3) The Administrator shall determine within 120 operating days of
the submittal of sufficient data whether a control technology shall
have a nominal efficiency and the level of that nominal efficiency. If,
in the Administrator's judgment, the control technology achieves a
level of emission reduction greater than the reference control
technology for a particular kind of emission point, the Administrator
will publish a Federal Register notice establishing a nominal
efficiency for the control technology.
(4) The Administrator may grant permission to take emission credits
for use of the control technology. The Administrator may also impose
requirements that may be necessary to ensure operation and maintenance
to achieve the specified nominal efficiency.
(5) In those cases where the owner or operator is seeking
permission to take credit for use of a control technology that is
different in use or design from the reference control technology and
the different control technology will be used in no more than three
applications at a single plant site, the information listed in
paragraphs (i)(1)(i) through (i)(1)(iv) of this section can be
submitted to the permitting authority for the affected source for
approval instead of the Administrator.
(i) In these instances, use and conditions for use of the control
technology can be approved by the permitting authority as part of an
operating permit application or modification. The permitting authority
shall follow the procedures specified in paragraphs (i)(2) through
(i)(4) of this section except that, in these instances, a Federal
Register notice is not required to establish the nominal efficiency for
the different technology.
(ii) If, in reviewing the application, the permitting authority
believes the control technology has broad applicability for use by
other affected sources, the permitting authority shall submit the
information provided in the application to the Director of the EPA
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards. The Administrator shall
[[Page 48270]]
review the technology for broad applicability and may publish a Federal
Register notice; however, this review shall not affect the permitting
authority's approval of the nominal efficiency of the control
technology for the specific application.
(6) If, in reviewing an application for a control technology for an
emission point, the Administrator or permitting authority determines
the control technology is not different in use or design from the
reference control technology, the Administrator or permitting authority
shall deny the application.
(j) The following procedures shall be used for calculating the
efficiency (percent reduction) of pollution prevention measures for
storage vessels, continuous process vents, batch process vents,
aggregate batch vent streams, and wastewater streams:
(1) A pollution prevention measure is any practice that meets the
criteria of paragraphs (j)(1)(i) and (j)(1)(ii) of this section.
(i) A pollution prevention measure is any practice that results in
a lesser quantity of organic HAP emissions per unit of product released
to the atmosphere prior to out-of-process recycling, treatment, or
control of emissions, while the same product is produced.
(ii) Pollution prevention measures may include: substitution of
feedstocks that reduce organic HAP emissions; alterations to the
production process to reduce the volume of materials released to the
environment; equipment modifications; housekeeping measures; and in-
process recycling that returns waste materials directly to production
as raw materials. Production cutbacks do not qualify as pollution
prevention.
(2) The emission reduction efficiency of pollution prevention
measures implemented after November 15, 1990, can be used in
calculating the actual emissions from an emission point in the debit
and credit equations in paragraphs (g) and (h) of this section.
(i) For pollution prevention measures, the percent reduction used
in the equations in paragraphs (g)(2) through (g)(7) of this section
and paragraphs (h)(2) through (h)(7) of this section is the percent
difference between the monthly organic HAP emissions for each emission
point after the pollution prevention measure for the most recent month
versus monthly emissions from the same emission point before the
pollution prevention measure, adjusted by the volume of product
produced during the two monthly periods.
(ii) Equation 46 of this subpart shall be used to calculate the
percent reduction of a pollution prevention measure for each emission
point.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR12SE96.045
where:
Percent reduction=Efficiency of pollution prevention measure (percent
organic HAP reduction).
EB=Monthly emissions before the pollution prevention measure,
megagrams per month, determined as specified in paragraphs
(j)(2)(ii)(A), (j)(2)(ii)(B), and (j)(2)(ii)(C) of this section.
E