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Code of Federal Regulations (Last Updated: July 5, 2024) |
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Title 40 - Protection of Environment |
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Chapter I - Environmental Protection Agency |
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SubChapter Q - Energy Policy |
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Part 600 - Fuel Economy and Greenhouse Gas Exhaust Emissions of Motor Vehicles |
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Subpart B - Fuel Economy and Carbon-Related Exhaust Emission Test Procedures |
§ 600.114-08 - Vehicle-specific 5-cycle fuel economy and carbon-related exhaust emission calculations.
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Link to an amendment published at 79 FR 23746, April 28, 2014.
Paragraphs (a) through (c) of this section apply to data used for fuel economy labeling under subpart D of this part. Paragraphs (d) through (f) of this section are used to calculate 5-cycle carbon-related exhaust emissions values for the purpose of determining optional technology-based CO2 emissions credits under the provisions of paragraph (d) of §86.1866-12 of this chapter.
(a) City fuel economy. For each vehicle tested under §600.010-08(c)(i) and (ii), determine the 5-cycle city fuel economy using the following equation:
Bag Y FEX = the fuel economy in miles per gallon of fuel during the specified bag of the FTP test conducted at an ambient temperature of 75 °F or 20 °F,
US06 City FE = fuel economy in miles per gallon over the “city” portion of the US06 test,
HFET FE = fuel economy in miles per gallon over the HFET test,
SC03 FE = fuel economy in miles per gallon over the SC03 test.
(b) Highway fuel economy. (1) For each vehicle tested under §§600.010-08(a) and (c)(1)(ii)(B), determine the 5-cycle highway fuel economy using the following equation:
US06 Highway FE = fuel economy in mile per gallon over the highway portion of the US06 test,
HFET FE = fuel economy in mile per gallon over the HFET test,
SC03 FE = fuel economy in mile per gallon over the SC03 test.
(2) If the condition specified in §600.115-08(b)(2)(iii)(B) is met, in lieu of using the calculation in paragraph (b)(1) of this section, the manufacturer may optionally determine the highway fuel economy using the following modified 5-cycle equation which utilizes data from FTP, HFET, and US06 tests, and applies mathematic adjustments for Cold FTP and SC03 conditions:
(i) Perform a US06 test in addition to the FTP and HFET tests.
(ii) Determine the 5-cycle highway fuel economy according to the following formula:
Bag y FE75 = the fuel economy in miles per gallon of fuel during the specified bag of the FTP test conducted at an ambient temperature of 75 °F.
US06 Highway FE = fuel economy in miles per gallon over the highway portion of the US06 test.
HFET FE = fuel economy in miles per gallon over the HFET test.
US06 FE = fuel economy in miles per gallon over the entire US06 test.
(c) Fuel economy calculations for hybrid electric vehicles. Under the requirements of §86.1811-04(n), hybrid electric vehicles are subject to California test methods which require FTP emission sampling for the 75 °F FTP test over four phases (bags) of the UDDS (cold-start, transient, warm-start, transient). Optionally, these four phases may be combined into two phases (phases 1 + 2 and phases 3 + 4). Calculations for these sampling methods follow.
(1) Four-bag FTP equations. If the 4-bag sampling method is used, manufacturers may use the equations in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section to determine city and highway fuel economy estimates. If this method is chosen, it must be used to determine both city and highway fuel economy. Optionally, the following calculations may be used, provided that they are used to determine both city and highway fuel economy:
(i) City fuel economy.
BagYX FE = the fuel economy in miles per gallon of fuel during the specified bag Y of the FTP test conducted at an ambient temperature X of 75 °F or 20 °F.
US06 City FE = fuel economy in miles per gallon over the city portion of the US06 test.
SC03 FE = fuel economy in miles per gallon over the SC03 test.
(ii) Highway fuel economy.
US06 Highway FE = fuel economy in miles per gallon over the Highway portion of the US06 test,
HFET FE = fuel economy in miles per gallon over the HFET test,
SC03 FE = fuel economy in miles per gallon over the SC03 test.
(2) Two-bag FTP equations. If the 2-bag sampling method is used for the 75 °F FTP test, it must be used to determine both city and highway fuel economy. The following calculations must be used to determine both city and highway fuel economy:
(i) City fuel economy.
Bag y FE20 = the fuel economy in miles per gallon of fuel during Bag 1 or Bag 3 of the 20 °F FTP test.
Bag x/y FEX = fuel economy in miles per gallon of fuel during combined phases 1 and 2 or phases 3 and 4 of the FTP test conducted at an ambient temperature of 75 °F.
US06 City FE = fuel economy in miles per gallon over the city portion of the US06 test,
SC03 FE = fuel economy in miles per gallon over the SC03 test.
Bag x/y FEX = fuel economy in miles per gallon of fuel during combined phases 1 and 2 or phases 3 and 4 of the FTP test conducted at an ambient temperature of 75 °F.
(ii) Highway fuel economy.
US06 Highway FE = fuel economy in miles per gallon over the city portion of the US06 test,
SC03 FE = fuel economy in miles per gallon over the SC03 test.
Bag y FE20 = the fuel economy in miles per gallon of fuel during Bag 1 or Bag 3 of the 20 °F FTP test.
Bag x/y FEX = fuel economy in miles per gallon of fuel during phases 1 and 2 or phases 3 and 4 of the FTP test conducted at an ambient temperature of 75 °F.
(3) For hybrid electric vehicles using the modified 5-cycle highway calculation in paragraph (b)(2) of this section, the equation in paragraph (b)(2)(ii)(A) of this section, applies except that the equation for Start Fuel75 will be replaced with one of the following:
(i) The equation for Start Fuel75 for hybrids tested according to the 4-bag FTP is:
(ii) The equation for Start Fuel75 for hybrids tested according to the 2-bag FTP is:
(d) City carbon-related exhaust emission value. For each vehicle tested, determine the 5-cycle city carbon-related exhaust emissions using the following equation:
(1) CityCREE = 0.905 × (StartCREE + RunningCREE)
(i) StartCREE =
StartCREEX = 3.6 × (Bag1CREEX − Bag3CREEX)
Bag Y CREEX = the carbon-related exhaust emissions in grams per mile during the specified bag of the FTP test conducted at an ambient temperature of 75 °F or 20 °F.
(ii) Running CREE =
0.82 × [(0.48 × Bag275CREE) + (0.41 × BAG375CREE) + (0.11× US06 CityCREE)] +
0.18 × [(0.5 × Bag220CREE) + (0.5 × Bag320CREE)] +
0.144 × [SC03 CREE − ((0.61 × Bag375CREE) + (0.39 × Bag275CREE))]
BagYXCREE = carbon-related exhaust emissions in grams per mile over Bag Y at temperature X.
US06 City CREE = carbon-related exhaust emissions in grams per mile over the “city” portion of the US06 test.
SC03 CREE = carbon-related exhaust emissions in grams per mile over the SC03 test.
(e) Highway carbon-related exhaust emissions. For each vehicle tested, determine the 5-cycle highway carbon-related exhaust emissions using the following equation:
HighwayCREE = 0.905 × (StartCREE + RunningCREE)
(1) StartCREE =
StartCREEX = 3.6 × (BagCREEX − Bag3CREEX)
(2) Running CREE =
1.007 × [(0.79 × US06 Highway CREE) + (0.21 × HFET CREE)] + 0.045 × [SC03 CREE − ((0.61 × Bag375CREE) + (0.39 × Bag275CREE))]
BagYXCREE = carbon-related exhaust emissions in grams per mile over Bag Y at temperature X,
US06 Highway CREE = carbon-related exhaust emissions in grams per mile over the highway portion of the US06 test,
HFET CREE = carbon-related exhaust emissions in grams per mile over the HFET test,
SC03 CREE = carbon-related exhaust emissions in grams per mile over the SC03 test.
(f) Carbon-related exhaust emissions calculations for hybrid electric vehicles. Hybrid electric vehicles shall be tested according to California test methods which require FTP emission sampling for the 75 °F FTP test over four phases (bags) of the UDDS (cold-start, transient, warm-start, transient). Optionally, these four phases may be combined into two phases (phases 1 + 2 and phases 3 + 4). Calculations for these sampling methods follow.
(1) Four-bag FTP equations. If the 4-bag sampling method is used, manufacturers may use the equations in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section to determine city and highway carbon-related exhaust emissions values. If this method is chosen, it must be used to determine both city and highway carbon-related exhaust emissions. Optionally, the following calculations may be used, provided that they are used to determine both city and highway carbon-related exhaust emissions values:
(i) City carbon-related exhaust emissions.
CityCREE = 0.905 × (StartCREE + RunningCREE)
(A) StartCREE =
(1) StartCREE75 =
3.6 × (Bag1CREE75 − Bag3CREE75) + 3.9 × (Bag2CREE75 − Bag4CREE75)
(2) StartCREE20 =
3.6 × (Bag1CREE20 − Bag3CREE20)
(B) RunningCREE =
0.82 × [(0.48 × Bag475CREE) + (0.41 × Bag375CREE) + (0.11 × US06 City CREE)] + 0.18 × [(0.5 × Bag220CREE) + (0.5 × Bag320CREE)] + 0.144 × [SC03 CREE − ((0.61 × Bag375CREE) + (0.39 × Bag475CREE))]
US06 Highway CREE = carbon-related exhaust emissions in grams per mile over the city portion of the US06 test.
US06 Highway CREE = carbon-related exhaust emissions in miles per gallon over the Highway portion of the US06 test.
HFET CREE = carbon-related exhaust emissions in grams per mile over the HFET test.
SC03 CREE = carbon-related exhaust emissions in grams per mile over the SC03 test.
(ii) Highway carbon-related exhaust emissions.
HighwayCREE = 0.905 × (StartCREE + RunningCREE)
(A) StartCREE =
StartCREE75 = 3.6 × (Bag1CREE75 − Bag3CREE75) + 3.9 × (Bag2CREE75 − Bag4CREE75)
StartCREE20 = 3.6 × (Bag1CREE20 − Bag3CREE20)
(B) RunningCREE =
1.007 × [(0.79 × US06 Highway CREE) + (0.21 × HFET CREE)] + 0.045 × [SC03 CREE − ((0.61 × Bag375CREE) + (0.39 × Bag475CREE))]
US06 Highway CREE = carbon-related exhaust emissions in grams per mile over the Highway portion of the US06 test,
HFET CREE = carbon-related exhaust emissions in grams per mile over the HFET test,
SC03 CREE = carbon-related exhaust emissions in grams per mile over the SC03 test.
(2) Two-bag FTP equations. If the 2-bag sampling method is used for the 75 °F FTP test, it must be used to determine both city and highway carbon-related exhaust emissions. The following calculations must be used to determine both city and highway carbon-related exhaust emissions:
(i) City carbon-related exhaust emissions.
CityCREE = 0.905 × (StartCREE + RunningCREE)
(A) StartCREE =
Start CREE75 = 3.6 × (Bag 1⁄2 CREE75 − Bag 3⁄4 CREE75)
Start CREE20 = 3.6 × (Bag1CREE20 − Bag3CREE20)
Bag Y FE20 = the carbon-related exhaust emissions in grams per mile of fuel during Bag 1 or Bag 3 of the 20 °F FTP test, and
Bag X/Y FE75 = carbon-related exhaust emissions in grams per mile of fuel during combined phases 1 and 2 or phases 3 and 4 of the FTP test conducted at an ambient temperature of 75 °F.
(B) RunningCREE =
0.82 × [(0.90 × Bag 3⁄4 75CREE) + (0.10 × US06 City CREE)] + 0.18 × [(0.5 × Bag220CREE) + (0.5 × Bag320CREE)] + 0.144 × [SC03 CREE − (Bag 3⁄4 75CREE)]
US06 City CREE = carbon-related exhaust emissions in grams per mile over the city portion of the US06 test, and
SC03 CREE = carbon-related exhaust emissions in grams per mile over the SC03 test, and
Bag X/Y FE75 = carbon-related exhaust emissions in grams per mile of fuel during combined phases 1 and 2 or phases 3 and 4 of the FTP test conducted at an ambient temperature of 75 °F.
(ii) Highway carbon-related exhaust emissions.
HighwayCREE = 0.905 × (StartCREE + RunningCREE)
(A) StartCREE =
Start CREE75 = 7.5 × (Bag 1⁄2 CREE75 − Bag 3⁄4 CREE75)
Start CREE20 = 3.6 × (Bag1CREE20 − Bag3CREE20)
(B) RunningCREE =
1.007 × [(0.79 × US06 Highway CREE) + (0.21 × HFET CREE)] + 0.045 × [SC03 CREE − Bag 3⁄4 75CREE]
US06 Highway CREE = carbon-related exhaust emissions in grams per mile over the city portion of the US06 test, and
SC03 CREE = carbon-related exhaust emissions in gram per mile over the SC03 test, and
Bag Y FE20 = the carbon-related exhaust emissions in grams per mile of fuel during Bag 1 or Bag 3 of the 20 °F FTP test, and
Bag X/Y FE75 = carbon-related exhaust emissions in grams per mile of fuel during phases 1 and 2 or phases 3 and 4 of the FTP test conducted at an ambient temperature of 75 °F.
[71 FR 77938, Dec. 27, 2006; 72 FR 20403, Apr. 24, 2007, as amended at 74 FR 61550, Nov. 25, 2009; 75 FR 25709, May 7, 2010]
