2022-08354. Notice of Inventory Completion: Beloit College, Logan Museum of Anthropology, Beloit, WI

AGENCY:

National Park Service, Interior.

ACTION:

Notice.

SUMMARY:

Beloit College, Logan Museum of Anthropology has completed an inventory of human remains and associated funerary objects, in consultation with the appropriate Indian Tribes or Native Hawaiian organizations and has determined that there is no cultural affiliation between the human remains and associated funerary objects and any present-day Indian Tribes or Native Hawaiian organizations. Representatives of any Indian Tribe or Native Hawaiian organization not identified in this notice that wish to request transfer of control of these human remains and associated funerary objects should submit a written request to Beloit College, Logan Museum of Anthropology. If no additional requestors come forward, transfer of control of the human remains and associated funerary objects to the Indian Tribes or Native Hawaiian organizations stated in this notice may proceed.

DATES:

Representatives of any Indian Tribe or Native Hawaiian organization not identified in this notice that wish to request transfer of control of these human remains and associated funerary objects should submit a written request with information in support of the request to Beloit College, Logan Museum of Anthropology at the address in this notice by May 20, 2022.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:

Nicolette B. Meister, Logan Museum of Anthropology, Beloit College, 700 College Street, Beloit, WI 53511, telephone [phone], email [e-mail].

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Notice is here given in accordance with the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA), 25 U.S.C. 3003, of the completion of an inventory of human remains and associated funerary objects under the control of Beloit College, Logan Museum of Anthropology, Beloit, WI. The human remains and associated funerary objects were removed from Rock County, WI.

This notice is published as part of the National Park Service's administrative responsibilities under NAGPRA, 25 U.S.C. 3003(d)(3) and 43 CFR 10.11(d). The determinations in this notice are the sole responsibility of the museum, institution, or Federal agency that has control of the Native American human remains and associated funerary objects. The National Park Service is not responsible for the determinations in this notice.

Consultation

A detailed assessment of the human remains was made by Beloit College, Logan Museum of Anthropology professional staff in consultation with representatives of the Bad River Band of the Lake Superior Tribe of Chippewa Indians of the Bad River Reservation, Wisconsin; Bay Mills Indian Community, Michigan; Delaware Nation, Oklahoma; Forest County Potawatomi Community, Wisconsin; Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians, Michigan; Ho-Chunk Nation of Wisconsin; Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska; Lac Courte Oreilles Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin; Lac du Flambeau Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians of the Lac du Flambeau Reservation of Wisconsin; Lac Vieux Desert Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians of Michigan; Match-e-be-nash-she-wish Band of Pottawatomi Indians of Michigan; Menominee Indian Tribe of Wisconsin; Miami Tribe of Oklahoma; Oneida Nation [ previously listed as Oneida Tribe of Indians of Wisconsin]; Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians, Michigan and Indiana; Red Cliff Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin; Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community of Minnesota; Shawnee Tribe; Sokaogon Chippewa Community, Wisconsin; St. Croix Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin; and the Stockbridge Munsee Community, Wisconsin.

An invitation to consult was extended to the Absentee-Shawnee Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma; Assiniboine and Sioux Tribes of the Fort Peck Indian Reservation, Montana; Cayuga Nation; Cherokee Nation; Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe of the Cheyenne River Reservation, South Dakota; Chippewa Cree Indians of the Rocky Boy's Reservation, Montana [ previously listed as Chippewa-Cree Indians of the Rocky Boy's Reservation, Montana]; Citizen Potawatomi Nation, Oklahoma; Crow Creek Sioux Tribe of the Crow Creek Reservation, South Dakota; Delaware Tribe of Indians; Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians; Eastern Shawnee Tribe of Oklahoma; Flandreau Santee Sioux Tribe of South Dakota; Hannahville Indian Community, Michigan; Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma; Kaw Nation, Oklahoma; Keweenaw Bay Indian Community, Michigan; Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas; Kickapoo Tribe of Indians of the Kickapoo Reservation in Kansas; Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma; Little River Band of Ottawa Indians, Michigan; Little Shell Tribe of Chippewa Indians of Montana; Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians, Michigan; Lower Brule Sioux Tribe of the Lower Brule Reservation, South Dakota; Lower Sioux Indian Community in the State of Minnesota; Minnesota Chippewa Tribe, Minnesota (Six component reservations: Bois Forte Band (Nett Lake); Fond du Lac Band; Grand Portage Band; Leech Lake Band; Mille Lacs Band; White Earth Band); Nottawaseppi Huron Band of the Potawatomi, Michigan [ previously listed as Huron Potawatomi, Inc.]; Oglala Sioux Tribe [ previously listed as Oglala Sioux Tribe of the Pine Ridge Reservation, South Dakota]; Omaha Tribe of Nebraska; Otoe-Missouria Tribe of Indians, Oklahoma; Oneida Indian Nation [ previously listed as Oneida Nation of New York]; Onondaga Nation; Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma; Peoria Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma; Ponca Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma; Ponca Tribe of Nebraska; Prairie Band Potawatomi Nation [ previously listed as Prairie Band of Potawatomi Nation, Kansas]; Prairie Island Indian Community in the State of Minnesota; Quapaw Nation [ previously listed as The Quapaw Tribe of Indians]; Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians, Minnesota; Rosebud Sioux Tribe of the Rosebud Indian Reservation, South Dakota; Sac & Fox Nation of Missouri in Kansas and Nebraska; Sac & Fox Nation, Oklahoma; Sac & Fox Tribe of the Mississippi in Iowa; Saginaw Chippewa Indian Tribe of Michigan; Saint Regis Mohawk Tribe [ previously listed as St. Regis Band of Mohawk Indians of New York]; Santee Sioux Nation, Nebraska; Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians, Michigan; Seneca Nation of Indians [ previously listed as Seneca Nation of New York]; Seneca-Cayuga Nation [ previously listed as Seneca-Cayuga Tribe of Oklahoma]; Sisseton-Wahpeton Oyate of the Lake Traverse Reservation, South Dakota; Spirit Lake Tribe, North Dakota; Standing Rock Sioux Tribe of North & South Dakota; The Muscogee (Creek) Nation; The Osage Nation [ previously listed as Osage Tribe]; Tonawanda Band of Seneca [ previously listed as Tonawanda Band of Seneca Indians of New York]; Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians of North Dakota; Tuscarora Nation; United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians in Oklahoma; Upper Sioux Community, Minnesota; Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska; Wyandotte Nation; Yankton Sioux Tribe of South Dakota; and four non-federally recognized Indian groups—the Abenaki Nation of Missisquoi; Brothertown Indian Nation; Burt Lake Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians; and the Grand River Band of Ottawa Indians.

Hereafter, all Indian Tribes and groups listed in this section are referred to as “The Consulted and Notified Tribes and Groups.”

History and Description of the Remains

Between 1942 and 1971, human remains representing, at minimum, six individuals were removed from Beloit College Mound Group (47Ro15) by Beloit College Anthropology faculty members Paul Nesbitt, Moreau Maxwell, William Godfrey, and Robert Alberts. The Beloit College Mound Group is located on the Beloit College campus in Beloit, WI, and it is situated on a bluff overlooking the Rock River. The site originally consisted of 25 mounds. Nineteen conical and linear mounds, and one effigy mound remain on the Beloit College campus. The human remains (16496; 17451; 17453; 17454; 17452; 17455; 17456; 17457; 23104; 23120; 23231; 23241; 2005.7.1; 2011.4.1; 2011.4.2; 2020.4.1a; 2020.4.1b; 2020.4.1c; TR73.65; TR73.66) were removed from Mounds 2, 3, 4, and 6.

Sometime prior to 2011, human remains (16496; Ro3-4) were found in the Beloit College Anthropology Department. The catalog contained no geographic information on these human remains. In 2011, records dating to 1949 and 1950 were found. These records contained notations referring to Ro3-1 as being from “Beloit campus, small conical mound.” “Ro” most likely is a designation for Rock County. Based on these lines of evidence, “Ro3” most likely was an old, internal museum notation for the campus mounds. The nearly complete human remains, which most likely derive from the 1947-1948 excavations at Mound 3, belong to a young female.

In 2010, fragmentary human remains—2011.4.1 and 2011.4.2.—were found at the University of Wisconsin—Madison (UW-Madison) repository during a renovation project. These human remains had been removed from Burials 1 and 2 at Mound 6 of the Beloit College Mound Group and loaned to the University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Anthropology for stable carbon isotope measurement in the early 1980s. Human remains from Burial 1 were tested, and the results were published in Baerreis and Bender (1984). In 2011, the human remains were returned to Beloit College, Logan Museum of Anthropology.

On June 20, 2019, three vials of human remains (2020.4.1a; 2020.4.1b; 2020.4.1c) were found at UW-Madison. They were sampled by the former University of Wisconsin Radiocarbon Lab, which operated from 1963 to the mid-1990s. Most likely, these human remains derive from 2011.4.1 and 2011.4.2. On November 10, 2020, UW-Madison transferred the human remains to the Logan Museum of Anthropology.

In 1979, a Beloit alumna used human remains (TR73.65; TR73.66) in an educational program on “Turtle Indian culture” presented to fourth graders in the Beloit School District. The alumna recalled that the human remains were from the Beloit College Mound Group. Museum staff contacted the alumna's then-Beloit College supervisor and then-Logan Museum director to inquire whether they remembered the provenience of these human remains, but neither of them was able to recall details. Based on their use in programming about local Native American prehistory and their purported provenience, these human remains most likely derive from the Beloit College Mound Group. In June 2020, the Beloit College alumna returned these human remains to the Logan Museum.

No known individuals were identified. The two associated funerary objects are two lots of soil samples from Mound 2 (2005.3.1) and Mound 6 (2005.4.19).

In October 1963, human remains representing, at minimum, one individual were removed from Yost Mound (47Ro23), Beloit, Rock County, WI. The human remains (2004.12.2a; 2004.12.2b) were excavated by a Beloit College student as a special project. No known individual was identified. The two associated funerary objects are one distal half of a chert projectile point (2004.12.1) and one lot of soil samples (2004.12.3).

Sometime prior to 1912 or 1913, human remains representing, at minimum, one individual were removed from Mound 3, Hillcrest Group/Beloit Junction Mound Group (47Ro41 and 47Ro147), which overlook Turtle Creek in Beloit, Rock County, WI. A catalog card states that the human remains (23270) were “found by Beloit College students in 1932.” As there is no record of fieldwork in 1932, most likely these human remains derive from Robert H. Becker's 1912 or 1913 work at the Hillcrest group overlooking Turtle Creek. According to Robert Becker's 1913 article titled “Turtle Creek Mounds and Village Sites” ( The Wisconsin Archaeologist (Vol. 12, No. 1)), “[o]ne skeleton was disinterred [from Mound 3], also one fine stone celt and several arrow points.” The associated funerary objects are not in the possession or under the control of the Beloit College, Logan Museum of Anthropology. In 1919, Ira Buell published an article titled “Beloit Mound Groups” in The Wisconsin Archaeologist (Vol. 18, No. 4), which included a map of the Hillcrest Group/Beloit Junction Mound Group. This map identified six mounds, including three conical mound, one linear mound, and two effigy mounds. No known individual was identified. No associated funerary objects are present.

Determinations Made by Logan Museum of Anthropology, Beloit College

Officials of Beloit College, Logan Museum of Anthropology have determined that:

• Pursuant to 25 U.S.C. 3001(9), the human remains described in this notice are Native American based on archeological context.
• Pursuant to 25 U.S.C. 3001(9), the human remains described in this notice represent the physical remains of eight individuals of Native American ancestry.
• Pursuant to 25 U.S.C. 3001(3)(A), the four objects described in this notice are reasonably believed to have been placed with or near individual human remains at the time of death or later as part of the death rite or ceremony.
• Pursuant to 25 U.S.C. 3001(2), a relationship of shared group identity cannot be reasonably traced between the Native American human remains and associated funerary objects and any present-day Indian Tribe.

• According to final judgments of the Indian Claims Commission or the Court of Federal Claims, the land from which the Native American human remains and associated funerary objects were removed is the aboriginal land of the Citizen Potawatomi Nation, Oklahoma; Forest County Potawatomi Community, Wisconsin; Hannahville Indian Community, Michigan; Ho-Chunk Nation of Wisconsin; Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska; Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma; Match-e-be-nash-she-wish Band of Pottawatomi Indians of Michigan; Nottawaseppi Huron Band of the Potawatomi, Michigan [ previously listed as Huron Potawatomi, Inc.]; Otoe-Missouria Tribe of Indians, Oklahoma; Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians, Michigan and Indiana; Prairie Band Potawatomi Nation [ previously listed as Prairie Band of Potawatomi Nation, Kansas]; and the Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska.

• Treaties, Acts of Congress, or Executive Orders, indicate that the land from which the Native American human remains and associated funerary objects were removed is the aboriginal land of the Bad River Band of the Lake Superior Tribe of Chippewa Indians of the Bad River Reservation, Wisconsin; Bay Mills Indian Community, Michigan; Chippewa Cree Indians of the Rocky Boy's Reservation, Montana [ previously listed as Chippewa-Cree Indians of the Rocky Boy's Reservation, Montana]; Citizen Potawatomi Nation, Oklahoma; Forest County Potawatomi Community, Wisconsin; Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians, Michigan; Hannahville Indian Community, Michigan; Ho-Chunk Nation of Wisconsin; Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska; Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma; Keweenaw Bay Indian Community, Michigan; Lac Courte Oreilles Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin; Lac du Flambeau Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians of the Lac du Flambeau Reservation of Wisconsin; Lac Vieux Desert Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians of Michigan; Little River Band of Ottawa Indians, Michigan; Little Shell Tribe of Chippewa Indians of Montana; Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians, Michigan; Match-e-be-nash-she-wish Band of Pottawatomi Indians of Michigan; Minnesota Chippewa Tribe, Minnesota (Six component reservations: Bois Forte Band (Nett Lake); Fond du Lac Band; Grand Portage Band; Leech Lake Band; Mille Lacs Band; White Earth Band); Nottawaseppi Huron Band of the Potawatomi, Michigan [ previously listed as Huron Potawatomi, Inc.]; Otoe-Missouria Tribe of Indians, Oklahoma; Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma; Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians, Michigan and Indiana; Prairie Band Potawatomi Nation [ previously listed as Prairie Band of Potawatomi Nation, Kansas]; Red Cliff Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin; Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians, Minnesota; Sac & Fox Nation of Missouri in Kansas and Nebraska; Sac & Fox Nation, Oklahoma; Sac & Fox Tribe of the Mississippi in Iowa; Saginaw Chippewa Indian Tribe of Michigan; Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians, Michigan; Sokaogon Chippewa Community, Wisconsin; St. Croix Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin; Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians of North Dakota; and the Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska.

• According to other authoritative government sources, the land from which the Native American human remains and associated funerary objects were removed is the aboriginal land of the Assiniboine and Sioux Tribes of the Fort Peck Indian Reservation, Montana; Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe of the Cheyenne River Reservation, South Dakota; Crow Creek Sioux Tribe of the Crow Creek Reservation, South Dakota; Flandreau Santee Sioux Tribe of South Dakota; Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas; Kickapoo Tribe of Indians of the Kickapoo Reservation in Kansas; Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma; Lower Brule Sioux Tribe of the Lower Brule Reservation, South Dakota; Lower Sioux Indian Community in the State of Minnesota; Menominee Indian Tribe of Wisconsin; Miami Tribe of Oklahoma; Oglala Sioux Tribe [ previously listed as Oglala Sioux Tribe of the Pine Ridge Reservation, South Dakota]; Peoria Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma; Prairie Island Indian Community in the State of Minnesota; Rosebud Sioux Tribe of the Rosebud Indian Reservation, South Dakota; Santee Sioux Nation, Nebraska; Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community of Minnesota; Sisseton-Wahpeton Oyate of the Lake Traverse Reservation, South Dakota; Spirit Lake Tribe, North Dakota; Standing Rock Sioux Tribe of North & South Dakota; The Osage Nation [ previously listed as Osage Tribe]; Upper Sioux Community, Minnesota; and the Yankton Sioux Tribe of South Dakota.

• Pursuant to 43 CFR 10.11(c)(1), the disposition of the human remains and associated funerary objects may be to the Assiniboine and Sioux Tribes of the Fort Peck Indian Reservation, Montana; Bad River Band of the Lake Superior Tribe of Chippewa Indians of the Bad River Reservation, Wisconsin; Bay Mills Indian Community, Michigan; Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe of the Cheyenne River Reservation, South Dakota; Chippewa Cree Indians of the Rocky Boy's Reservation, Montana [ previously listed as Chippewa-Cree Indians of the Rocky Boy's Reservation, Montana]; Citizen Potawatomi Nation, Oklahoma; Crow Creek Sioux Tribe of the Crow Creek Reservation, South Dakota; Flandreau Santee Sioux Tribe of South Dakota; Forest County Potawatomi Community, Wisconsin; Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians, Michigan; Hannahville Indian Community, Michigan; Ho-Chunk Nation of Wisconsin; Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska; Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma; Keweenaw Bay Indian Community, Michigan; Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas; Kickapoo Tribe of Indians of the Kickapoo Reservation in Kansas; Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma; Lac Courte Oreilles Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin; Lac du Flambeau Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians of the Lac du Flambeau Reservation of Wisconsin; Lac Vieux Desert Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians of Michigan; Little River Band of Ottawa Indians, Michigan; Little Shell Tribe of Chippewa Indians of Montana; Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians, Michigan; Lower Brule Sioux Tribe of the Lower Brule Reservation, South Dakota; Lower Sioux Indian Community in the State of Minnesota; Match-e-be-nash-she-wish Band of Pottawatomi Indians of Michigan; Menominee Indian Tribe of Wisconsin; Miami Tribe of Oklahoma; Minnesota Chippewa Tribe, Minnesota (Six component reservations: Bois Forte Band (Nett Lake); Fond du Lac Band; Grand Portage Band; Leech Lake Band; Mille Lacs Band; White Earth Band); Nottawaseppi Huron Band of the Potawatomi, Michigan [ previously listed as Huron Potawatomi, Inc.]; Oglala Sioux Tribe [ previously listed as Oglala Sioux Tribe of the Pine Ridge Reservation, South Dakota]; Otoe-Missouria Tribe of Indians, Oklahoma; Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma; Peoria Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma; Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians, Michigan and Indiana; Prairie Band Potawatomi Nation [ previously listed as Prairie Band of Potawatomi Nation, Kansas]; Prairie Island Indian Community in the State of Minnesota; Red Cliff Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin; Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians, Minnesota; Rosebud Sioux Tribe of the Rosebud Indian Reservation, South Dakota; Sac & Fox Nation of Missouri in Kansas and Nebraska; Sac & Fox Nation, Oklahoma; Sac & Fox Tribe of the Mississippi in Iowa; Saginaw Chippewa Indian Tribe of Michigan; Santee Sioux Nation, Nebraska; Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians, Michigan; Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community of Minnesota; Sisseton-Wahpeton Oyate of the Lake Traverse Reservation, South Dakota; Sokaogon Chippewa Community, Wisconsin; Spirit Lake Tribe, North Dakota; St. Croix Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin; Standing Rock Sioux Tribe of North & South Dakota; The Osage Nation [ previously listed as Osage Tribe]; Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians of North Dakota; Upper Sioux Community, Minnesota; Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska; and the Yankton Sioux Tribe of South Dakota (hereafter referred to as “The Tribes”).

Additional Requestors and Disposition

Representatives of any Indian Tribe or Native Hawaiian organization not identified in this notice that wish to request transfer of control of these human remains and associated funerary objects should submit a written request with information in support of the request to Nicolette B. Meister, Logan Museum of Anthropology, Beloit College, 700 College Street, Beloit, WI 53511 telephone [phone], email [e-mail], by May 20, 2022. After that date, if no additional requestors have come forward, transfer of control of the human remains and associated funerary objects to The Tribes may proceed.

Beloit College, Logan Museum of Anthropology is responsible for notifying The Consulted and Notified Tribes and Groups that this notice has been published.

Dated: April 7, 2022.

Melanie O'Brien,

Manager, National NAGPRA Program.