§ 51.1175 - Classification of defects.

§ 51.1175 Classification of defects.

Table I

Factor	Injury	Damage	Serious damage	Very serious damage
Ammoniation		Not occurring as light speck type	Scars are cracked or dark and aggregating more than a circle 3⁄4 inch (19.1 mm) in diameter	Aggregating more than 25 percent of the surface.
Bruises	Segment walls are collapsed, or rag is ruptured and juice sacs are ruptured	Segment walls are collapsed, or rag is ruptured and juice sacs are ruptured	Segment walls are collapsed, or rag is ruptured and juice sacs are ruptured	Fruit is split open, peel is badly watersoaked, or rag is ruptured and juice sacs are ruptured causing a mushy condition affecting all segments more than 3⁄4 inch (19.9 mm) at bruised area or the equivalent of this amount, by volume, when affecting more than one area on the fruit.
Buckskin		Aggregating more than a circle 1 inch (25.4 mm) in diameter	Aggregating more than 25 percent of the surface	Aggregating more than 50 percent of the surface.
Caked melanose		Aggregating more than a circle 5⁄8 inch (15.9 mm) in diameter	Aggregating more than a circle 3⁄4 inch (19.1 mm) in diameter	Aggregating more than 25 percent of the surface.
Creasing		Materially weakens the skin, or extends over more than one-third of the surface	Seriously weakens the skin, or extends over more than one-half of the surface	Very seriously weakens the skin, or is distributed over practically the entire surface.
Dryness or mushy condition		Affecting all segments more than 1⁄4 inch (6.4 mm) at stem end, or the equivalent of this amount, by volume, when occurring in other portions of the fruit	Affecting all segments more than 1⁄2 inch (12.7 mm) at stem end, or the equivalent of this amount, by volume, when occurring in other portions of the fruit	Affecting all segments more than 3⁄4 inch (19.1 mm) at stem end, or the equivalent of this amount, by volume, when occurring in other portions of the fruit.
Green spots	Aggregating more than a circle 3⁄8 inch (9.5 mm) in diameter, caused by scale	Aggregating more than a circle 5⁄8 inch (15.9 mm) in diameter, caused by scale	Aggregating more than a circle 7⁄8 inch (22.2 mm) in diameter, caused by scale	Aggregating more than 1⁄3 of the surface, caused by scale.
Oil spots	Aggregating more than a circle 3⁄8 inch (9.5 mm) in diameter	Aggregating more than a circle 7⁄8 inch (22.2 mm) in diameter	Aggregating more than a circle 11⁄4 inches (31.8 mm) in diameter	Aggregating more than 1⁄3 of the surface.
Scab		Materially detracts from the shape or texture, or aggregating more than a circle 5⁄8 inch (15.9 mm) in diameter	Seriously detracts from the shape or texture, or aggregating more than a circle 3⁄4 inch (19.1 mm) in diameter	Aggregating more than 25 percent of the surface.
Scale	More than a few adjacent to the “button” at the stem end, or more than 6 scattered on other portions of the fruit	Aggregating more than a circle 5⁄8 inch (15.9 mm) in diameter	Aggregating more than a circle 3⁄4 inch (19.1 mm) in diameter	Aggregating more than 25 percent of the surface.
Scars, Hail, or Thorn scratches [For smooth or fairly smooth superficial scars see § 51.1161.]	Depressed, not smooth, or detracts from appearance more than the amount of discoloration permitted in the grade	Deep or rough aggregating more than a circle 1⁄4 inch (6.4 mm) in diameter; slightly rough with slight depth aggregating more than a circle 7⁄8 inch (22.2 mm) in diameter; smooth or fairly smooth with slight depth aggregating more than a circle 11⁄4 inches (31.8 mm) in diameter	Deep or rough aggregating more than a circle 1⁄2 inch (12.7 mm) in diameter; slightly rough with depth aggregating more than a circle 11⁄4 inches (31.8 mm) in diameter; smooth or fairly smooth with slight depth aggregating more than 10 percent of fruit surface	Deep or rough or unsightly that appearance is very seriously affected.
Skin breakdown	Aggregating more than a circle 1⁄4 inch (6.4 mm) in diameter	Aggregating more than a circle 1⁄2 inch (12.7 mm) in diameter	Aggregating more than a circle 7⁄8 inch (22.2 mm) in diameter	Aggregating more than 25 percent of the surface.
Sprayburn		Aggregating more than a circle 5⁄8 inch (15.9 mm) in diameter	Hard and aggregating more than a circle 11⁄2 inches (38.1 mm) in diameter	Aggregating more than 25 percent of the surface.
Split, rough, protruding navels	Split is unhealed, or more than 1⁄8 inch (3.2 mm) in length, or navel protrudes beyond the general contour, and opening is so wide, folded and ridged that it detracts from the appearance	Split is unhealed, or more than 1⁄4 inch (6.4 mm) in length, or more than three well healed splits, or navel protrudes beyond the general contour, and opening is so wide, folded and ridged that it detracts from appearance	Split is unhealed, or more than 1⁄2 inch (12.7 mm) in length, or two or more splits aggregate more than 1 inch (25.4 mm) in length, or navel protrudes beyond general contour, and opening is so wide, folded and ridged that it detracts from appearance	Split is unhealed or fruit is seriously weakened.
Sunburn		Skin is flattened, dry, darkened, or hard and the affected area exceeds 25 percent of the surface	Skin is hard and affects more than one-third of the surface	Aggregating more than 50 percent of the surface.

Note: All references to area or aggregating area, or length in this standard are based on an orange or tangelo 27⁄8 inches (73.0 mm) in diameter, allowing proportionately greater areas on larger fruit and lesser areas on smaller fruit.