2016-13687. Standards of Performance for New Stationary Sources and Emission Guidelines for Existing Sources: Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units

AGENCY:

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

ACTION:

Final rule; notice of final action on reconsideration.

SUMMARY:

This action sets forth the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) final decision on the issues for which it granted reconsideration on January 21, 2015, which pertain to certain aspects of the February 7, 2013, final rule titled “Standards of Performance for New Stationary Sources and Emissions Guidelines for Existing Sources: Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units” (CISWI rule). The EPA is finalizing proposed actions on these four topics: Definition of “continuous emission monitoring system (CEMS) data during startup and shutdown periods;” particulate matter (PM) limit for the waste-burning kiln subcategory; fuel variability factor (FVF) for coal-burning energy recovery units (ERUs); and the definition of “kiln.” This action also includes our final decision to deny the requests for reconsideration of all other issues raised in the petitions for reconsideration of the 2013 final commercial and industrial solid waste incineration rule for which we did not grant reconsideration.

DATES:

The amendments in this rule to 40 CFR part 60, subpart DDDD, are effective June 23, 2016, and to 40 CFR part 60, subpart CCCC, are effective December 23, 2016. The incorporation by reference of certain publications listed in this rule was approved February 7, 2013.

ADDRESSES:

The EPA has established a docket for this action on the commercial and industrial solid waste incineration rule under Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0119. All documents in the docket are listed in the http://www.regulations.gov index. Although listed in the index, some information is not publicly available, e.g., confidential business information or other information whose disclosure is restricted by statute. Certain other material, such as copyrighted material, will be publicly available only in hard copy. Publicly available docket materials are available either electronically in http://www.regulations.gov or in hard copy at the EPA Docket Center, EPA West Building, Room 3334, 1301 Constitution Ave. NW., Washington, DC. The Public Reading Room is open from 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., Monday through Friday, excluding legal holidays. The telephone number for the Public Reading Room is [phone] and the telephone number for the Docket Center is [phone].

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:

For further information, contact Dr. Nabanita Modak Fischer, Fuels and Incineration Group, Sector Policies and Programs Division (E143-05), Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711; telephone number: [phone]; fax number: [phone]; email address: [e-mail].

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Organization of This Document. The following outline is provided to aid in locating information in this preamble.

I. General Information

A. Does this reconsideration action apply to me?

B. How do I obtain a copy of this document and other related information?

C. Judicial Review

II. Summary of Final Amendments

A. Background Information

B. Actions We Are Taking

C. Other Actions We Are Taking

III. Summary of Significant Changes Since Proposal

IV. Summary of Significant Comments and Responses

A. Definition of “CEMS Data During Startup and Shutdown Periods”

B. PM Limit for the Waste-Burning Kiln Subcategory

C. FVF for Coal-Burning Energy Recovery Units

D. Definition of “Kiln”

V. Technical Corrections and Clarifications

A. 2000 CISWI New Source Applicability Clarification for Incinerators and Air Curtain Incinerators

B. Typographical Errors and Corrections

C. Clarifications

VI. Environmental, Energy and Economic Impacts

VII. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews

A. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory Planning and Review and Executive Order 13563: Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review

B. Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA)

C. Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA)

D. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA)

E. Executive Order 13132: Federalism

F. Executive Order 13175: Consultation and Coordination With Indian Tribal Governments

G. Executive Order 13045: Protection of Children From Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks

H. Executive Order 13211: Actions Concerning Regulations That Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use

I. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act (NTTAA) and 1 CFR part 51

J. Executive Order 12898: Federal Actions To Address Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations

K. Congressional Review Act (CRA)

Preamble Acronyms and Abbreviations. The following acronyms and abbreviations are used in this document.

Btu British thermal unit

CAA Clean Air Act

CBI Confidential business information

Cd Cadmium

CEMS Continuous emissions monitoring systems

CFR Code of Federal Regulations

CISWI Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration

CO Carbon monoxide

CO₂ Carbon dioxide

CPMS Continuous Parameter Monitoring System

dscm Dry standard cubic meter

EG Emission Guidelines

EJ Environmental Justice

EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

ERU Energy recovery unit

ESP Electrostatic precipitator

FVF Fuel variability factor

HCl Hydrogen chloride

Hg Mercury

ICR Information collection request

MACT Maximum achievable control technology

mg/dscm Milligrams per dry standard cubic meter

mmBtu/hr Million British thermal units per hour

NAICS North American Industrial Classification System

NESHAP National emission standards for hazardous air pollutants

ng/dscm Nanograms per dry standard cubic meter

NHSM Non-hazardous secondary material(s)

NO_X Nitrogen oxides

NSPS New source performance standards

NTTAA National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act

OAQPS Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards

OMB Office of Management and Budget

Pb Lead

PM Particulate matter (filterable, unless otherwise specified)

ppm Parts per million

ppmv Parts per million by volume

ppmvd Parts per million by dry volume

PS Performance Specification

RCRA Resource Conservation and Recovery Act

RIN Regulatory Information Number

SBA Small Business Administration

SO₂ Sulfur dioxide

SSM Startup, shutdown, and malfunction

The Court United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit

TTN Technology Transfer Network

ug/dscm Micrograms per dry standard cubic meter

UMRA Unfunded Mandates Reform Act

U.S.C. United States Code

VCS Voluntary consensus standards

WWW World Wide Web

I. General Information

A. Does this reconsideration action apply to me?

Categories and entities potentially affected by the proposed action are those that operate Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration (CISWI) units. The New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) and Emission Guidelines (EG), hereinafter referred to as “standards,” for CISWI affect the following categories of sources:

Category	NAICS 1 code	Examples of potentially regulated entities
Any industrial or commercial facility using a solid waste incinerator	211, 212, 486	Mining; oil and gas exploration operations; pipeline operators.
	221	Utility providers.
	321, 322, 337	Manufacturers of wood products; manufacturers of pulp, paper and paperboard; manufacturers of furniture and related products.
	325, 326	Manufacturers of chemicals and allied products; manufacturers of plastics and rubber products.
	327	Manufacturers of cement; nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing.
	333, 336	Manufacturers of machinery; manufacturers of transportation equipment.
	423, 44	Merchant wholesalers, durable goods; retail trade.
1 North American Industrial Classification System.

This table is not intended to be exhaustive, but rather provides a guide for readers regarding entities likely to be affected by this final action. To determine whether your facility would be affected by this final action, you should examine the applicability criteria in 40 CFR 60.2010 of subpart CCCC, 40 CFR 60.2505 of subpart DDDD and 40 CFR part 241. If you have any questions regarding the applicability of this final action to a particular entity, contact the person listed in the preceding FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT section.

B. How do I obtain a copy of this document and other related information?

The docket number for this final action regarding the CISWI NSPS (40 CFR part 60, subpart CCCC) and EG (40 CFR part 60, subpart DDDD) is Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0119. In addition to being available in the docket, an electronic copy of this final action is available on the World Wide Web (WWW) through the Technology Transfer Network (TTN) Web. Following signature, the EPA posted a copy of the proposed action at http://www.epa.gov/​ttn/​atw/​129/​ciwi/​ciwipg.html. The TTN provides information and technology exchange in various areas of air pollution control.

C. Judicial Review

Under the CAA section 307(b)(1), judicial review of this final rule is available only by filing a petition for review in the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit (D.C. Circuit) by August 22, 2016. Under CAA section 307(d)(7)(B), only an objection to this final rule that was raised with reasonable specificity during the period for public comment can be raised during judicial review. Any person seeking to make such a demonstration to us should submit a Petition for Reconsideration to the Office of the Administrator, Environmental Protection Agency, Room 3000, Ariel Rios Building, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave. NW., Washington, DC 20004, with a copy to the persons listed in the preceding FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT section, and the Associate General Counsel for the Air and Radiation Law Office, Office of General Counsel (Mail Code 2344A), Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave. NW., Washington, DC 20004. Note, under CAA section 307(b)(2), the requirements established by this final rule may not be challenged separately in any civil or criminal proceedings brought by the EPA to enforce these requirements.

II. Summary of Final Amendments

A. Background Information

On March 21, 2011, the EPA promulgated revised NSPS and EG for CISWI units. Following that action, the Administrator received petitions for reconsideration that identified certain issues that warranted further opportunity for public comment. In response to the petitions, the EPA reconsidered and requested comment on several provisions of the February 2011 final NSPS and EG for commercial and industrial solid waste incineration units. The EPA published the proposed revisions to the NSPS and EG for commercial and industrial solid waste units on December 23, 2011 (76 FR 80452).

On February 7, 2013, the EPA promulgated the final reconsidered NSPS and EG for CISWI units (78 FR 9112). The final rule made some revisions to the December 2011 proposed reconsideration rule in response to comments and additional information received. Following that action, the EPA again received petitions for reconsideration. These petitions stated certain provisions should be reconsidered and that the public lacked sufficient opportunity to comment on some of the provisions contained in the final 2013 CISWI rule. On January 21, 2015, the EPA reconsidered and requested comment on four provisions of the 2013 final NSPS and EG for CISWI units. Additionally, the EPA proposed clarifying changes and corrections to the final rule, some of which were raised in petitions for reconsideration of the 2013 CISWI rule. The EPA also proposed to amend the final rule by removing the affirmative defense provision. The EPA continued to evaluate the remaining issues raised in the petitions for reconsideration of the February 7, 2013 final CISWI reconsideration based on public comments received on the January 21, 2015, proposed reconsideration. For a more detailed background and additional information on how this rule is related to other CAA combustion rules issued under CAA section 112 and the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) definition of solid waste, refer to prior notices (76 FR 15704, 78 FR 9112).

B. Actions We Are Taking

In this document, we are finalizing amendments associated with certain issues raised by Petitioners in their petitions for reconsideration on the 2013 CISWI rule. These provisions are: (1) Definition of “CEMS data during startup and shutdown periods;” (2) particulate matter (PM) limit for the waste-burning kiln subcategory; (3) fuel variability factor (FVF) for coal-burning energy recovery units (ERUs); and (4) the definition of “kiln.” The final amendments are summarized as follows:

1. Definition of “CEMS data during startup and shutdown periods”: The EPA is revising the “CEMS data during startup and shutdown” definition to be subcategory-specific. For ERUs and waste-burning kilns, the definitions reflect provisions similar to those of the non-waste counterpart National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) to CISWI for the type of source (i.e., boilers and cement kilns). Therefore, ERUs will comply with provisions similar to those in the major source Boiler NESHAP, and waste-burning kilns will comply with provisions similar to those in the Portland Cement NESHAP. For incinerators and small remote incinerators, the proposed definition (i.e., from a cold start and up to 48 hours for startup and 24 hours or less for shutdown) will apply.

2. Particulate matter limit for the waste-burning kiln subcategory: The EPA has determined that the test averages, instead of the individual test runs, should be used to establish the standards for new and existing waste-burning kilns. Based on that approach, the final PM emission limits for existing kilns is 13.5 mg/dscm and the final PM emission limit for new kilns is 4.9 mg/dscm.

3. Fuel variability factor (FVF) for coal-burning energy recovery units: The EPA is incorporating a fuel variability factor and adopting as final the emission limits discussed in the proposed rule for cadmium (Cd), hydrogen chloride (HCl), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), filterable particulate matter (PM), and nitrogen oxides (NO_X). Additionally, the EPA has re-evaluated the fuel sulfur data with paired sulfur dioxide (SO₂) data and is incorporating a FVF into the floor calculations for SO₂. The final SO₂ limit for existing and new coal ERUs is 850 parts per million by dry volume (ppmvd).

4. Definition of “kiln”: The EPA is finalizing a definition of “kiln” that is consistent with that of the Portland Cement NESHAP. The terms “in-line raw mill” and “in-line coal mill” are included in the definition, and, therefore, have been added to the definitions within the CISWI rule. Furthermore, the EPA is finalizing the proposed compliance demonstration and ongoing monitoring method for waste-burning kilns that combine emission streams from the in-line raw mill and/or the in-line coal mill and exhaust through multiple stacks. The EPA is also finalizing clarifying language that makes the monitoring requirements for waste-burning kilns consistent with those in the Portland Cement NESHAP. Specifically, we are not requiring that CEMS or PM continuous parameter monitoring systems (CPMS) be installed on separate alkali bypass or in-line coal mill stacks. Instead, as is the case with the Portland Cement NESHAP, the results of the initial and subsequent performance tests for the alkali bypass and in-line coal mill stacks can be used to determine the combined emissions to demonstrate compliance with the relevant emissions limit. However, unlike the Portland Cement NESHAP, the performance test must be conducted on an annual basis (between 11 and 13 calendar months following the previous performance test) to keep the testing schedule for these stacks consistent with the CISWI rule's annual performance testing requirements.

Section IV of this preamble discusses these issues in further detail and presents the revisions necessary to address each issue.

Additionally, the EPA is clarifying certain applicability provisions relating to incinerator units and air curtain incinerator units subject to the 2000 CISWI NSPS and is correcting various typographical errors identified in the rule as published in the CFR. Section V of this preamble discusses these issues in further detail.

The EPA is also finalizing the proposed amendments to the final rule by removing the affirmative defense provision for the reasons set forth in the proposed rule. See 80 FR 3018, 3025 (January 21, 2015).

C. Other Actions We Are Taking

Section 307(d)(7)(B) of the CAA states that “[o]nly an objection to a rule or procedure which was raised with reasonable specificity during the period for public comment (including any public hearing) may be raised during judicial review. If the person raising an objection can demonstrate to the Administrator that it was impracticable to raise such objection within such time or if the grounds for such objection arose after the period for public comment (but within the time specified for judicial review) and if such objection is of central relevance to the outcome of the rule, the Administrator shall convene a proceeding for reconsideration of the rule and provide the same procedural rights as would have been afforded had the information been available at the time the rule was proposed. If the Administrator refuses to convene such a proceeding, such person may seek review of such refusal in the United States court of appeals for the appropriate circuit (as provided in subsection (b)).”

As to the first procedural criterion for reconsideration, a petitioner must show why the issue could not have been presented during the comment period, either because it was impracticable to raise the issue during that time or because the grounds for the issue arose after the period for public comment (but within 60 days of publication of the final action). The EPA is denying the petitions for reconsideration on a number of issues because this criterion has not been met. In many cases, the petitions reiterate comments made on the proposed December 2011 rule during the public comment period for that rule. On those issues, the EPA responded to those comments in the final rule and made appropriate revisions to the proposed rule after consideration of public comments received. It is well established that an agency may refine its proposed approach without providing an additional opportunity for public comment. See Community Nutrition Institute v. Block, 749 F.2d at 58 and International Fabricare Institute v. EPA, 972 F.2d 384, 399 (D.C. Cir. 1992) (notice and comment is not intended to result in “interminable back-and-forth[,]” nor is an agency required to provide additional opportunity to comment on its response to comments) and Small Refiner Lead Phase-Down Task Force v. EPA, 705 F.2d 506, 547 (D.C. Cir. 1983) (“notice requirement should not force an agency endlessly to repropose a rule because of minor changes”).

In the EPA's view, an objection is of central relevance to the outcome of the rule only if it provides substantial support for the argument that the promulgated regulation should be revised. See Union Oil v. EPA, 821 F.2d 768, 683 (D.C. Cir. 1987) (court declined to remand rule because petitioners failed to show substantial likelihood that final rule would have been changed based on information in petition). See also the EPA's Denial of the Petitions to Reconsider the Endangerment and Cause or Contribute Findings for Greenhouse Gases under Section 202 of the Clean Air Act, 75 FR at 49556, 49561 (August 13, 2010). See also 75 FR at 49556, 49560-49563 (August 13, 2010) and 76 FR at 4780, 4786-4788 (January 26, 2011) for additional discussion of the standard for reconsideration under CAA section 307(d)(7)(B).

This action includes our final decision to deny the requests for reconsideration with respect to all issues raised in the petitions for reconsideration of the final 2013 CISWI rule for which we did not grant reconsideration. These denied requests for reconsideration are discussed in detail in the “Reconsideration issues on the 2013 final rule” memorandum found in the docket to this rulemaking.

III. Summary of Significant Changes Since Proposal

The EPA did not propose revisions to the definition of “CEMS data during startup and shutdown,” but requested comment and suggestions for provisions in this definition that would address the transitional operation period at startup. Based on our review of comments received and suggestions on provisions, we are finalizing revised subcategory-specific definitions for “CEMS data during startup and shutdown” that are operationally representative for the subcategory of unit, and more closely resemble the non-waste burning regulatory definitions of these periods of operation. This issue, and the rationale for doing so, are discussed in greater detail in section IV.A. of this preamble.

Similarly, the EPA did not propose PM emission limits for waste-burning kilns based on test average data instead of test run data, but requested comment on the appropriateness of such an approach for this set of data. Upon consideration of comments, the EPA has determined to adopt the emission limits based on test average data for PM for the waste-burning kiln subcategory, and we have discussed our rationale for this in section IV.B. of this preamble.

The EPA did not propose but requested comment and additional data concerning the need for a FVF for coal-fired ERUs. Potential emission limits based on periods of non-waste combustion and, if applicable, a FVF for coal ERUs were discussed in the proposal for coal-burning ERUs for Cd, HCl, Hg, Pb, PM, and NO_X. Based on comments and additional analysis, the EPA is adopting these emission limits and also incorporating a FVF into the floor calculations for the SO₂ emission limit. The EPA did not discuss a FVF for SO₂ at proposal because the sulfur data the EPA had intended to use to develop the FVF appeared to have only one data point that could be paired with SO₂ emissions test data. It was brought to the EPA's attention during the comment period, however, that there were in fact two data points in the sulfur data set that could be paired with emissions test data. It was not initially clear that the coal samples dated 4-9 days prior to the emissions test were paired samples. However, during the comment period, a commenter informed the EPA these data were paired and the different dates were due to the lag time between sampling and actual combustion. This clarification enabled the EPA to determine that sufficient paired data exist for the calculation of a FVF for SO₂, which resulted in a revised SO₂ emission limit of 850 ppmvd for new and existing coal ERUs. Consistent with the January 21, 2015 proposal, the EPA is adopting this revised emission limit to account for the fuel variability for this subcategory of CISWI units. Section IV.C of this preamble discusses this issue in further detail and responds to comments on the issue.

Additionally, the HCl CEMS requirements for waste-burning kilns not equipped with acid gas wet or dry scrubbers have been revised in response to comments and to be more consistent with more recently promulgated monitoring provisions included in the Portland Cement NESHAP rule. These revised provisions allow sources to use CEMS installed and operated according to either Performance Specification 15 or Performance Specification 18 to continuously monitor HCl emissions. The revised provisions also provide additional clarification and detail to sources on the procedures to use for calibrating and verifying the performance of the HCl CEMS.

IV. Summary of Significant Comments and Responses

This section of the preamble summarizes the major comments received regarding the reconsidered issues and the EPA's responses in support of this final rule. For other comments not discussed here, refer to the “Summary of Public Comments and Responses for Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units: 2015 Reconsideration and Final Amendments” in the docket.

A. Definition of “CEMS Data During Startup and Shutdown Periods”

Background: In the January 21, 2015, proposal, the EPA requested comments on the definition of “CEMS data during startup and shutdown” that was in the February 2013 final rule. As background, the 2011 CISWI final rule contained CEMS monitoring requirements for carbon monoxide (CO) from new sources, including a provision that mandated a 7 percent oxygen correction. After the 2011 CISWI final rule was published, petitioners indicated that correcting CO concentration measurements to 7 percent oxygen is problematic during startup and shutdown periods when the flue gas oxygen content approaches the oxygen content of ambient air, especially with regard to the ERU subcategory. Oxygen contents are often maintained relatively close to ambient air during combustion unit startup and shutdown in order to safely operate the unit, but, as a result, the corrected CO values during these periods are artificially inflated due to the oxygen correction calculation. Petitioners presented data that demonstrated how these inflated data points drive the 30-day rolling average values beyond the emission limit.

To resolve this issue, the EPA determined that the 7 percent oxygen correction would not be required for CEMS data collected during periods of startup and shutdown, referred to and defined as “CEMS data during startup and shutdown.”

Based on data submitted for coal-burning ERUs, a new definition of “CEMS data during startup and shutdown” was proposed in the December 2011 reconsideration proposal that referred to the data collected during the first 4 hours of operation of an energy recovery unit starting up from a cold start and the hour of operation following the cessation of waste material being fed to the unit during shutdown.

The EPA received comments on the proposed definition expressing concern that the time limits included in the definition may not accurately represent all CISWI unit types. Further, commenters argued that the same logic should apply for all CEMS-measured emission limits, not just CO. They explained that, even though CEMS is a compliance alternative rather than a requirement for most CISWI standards, other air regulations and permit requirements may require the units to continue to monitor emissions using CEMS data. Therefore, in the February 2013 CISWI final rule, the definition was revised to include all pollutants measured with a CEMS, expanded to include a separate definition for waste-burning kilns, and revised to remove the 4-hour and 1-hour time limits in the definition. Within that definition, the EPA defined the end of the startup period and the beginning of the shutdown period as the introduction and cessation of waste fed to the unit, respectively. Information available for the best performing units described their typical operation and supported defining the startup and shutdown periods based on the introduction and cessation of waste being fed to the units. Furthermore, for the incinerator, small remote incinerator, and the ERU subcategories, the February 2013 action specified an upper limit of 48 hours for startup periods and 24 hours for shutdown periods of CEMS data, consistent with information provided by commenters.

After the February 2013 CISWI final rule was promulgated, the EPA received petitions stating that stakeholders did not have the opportunity to comment on the final definition, especially the clause that defines the beginning and ending of these periods as the introduction and cessation, respectively, of waste material being fed to the combustor. Petitioners argued that, with the inclusion of the provision ending startup when waste is added to the unit, the end of startup will occur too early because units that combust waste often introduce waste before steady state operations to transition from startup fuel to waste and other primary fuel combustion. For this reason, the petitioners argued that the EPA should extend the startup period duration to include the period of time when sources are transitioning to waste combustion from the startup fuel.

On January 21, 2015, the EPA requested comment on whether the definition should be revised to extend the startup period to include this transitional period of combustor operation. In addition, the EPA requested that commenters suggest provisions that would ensure adequate application of the CEMS data during startup and shutdown definition, such as maximum allowable time limits after introduction of waste, if the agency were to allow solid waste combustion during startup.

Comment: Several commenters supported, to a degree, the EPA's change in the 2013 final rule from the proposed 4-hour and 1-hour time limits on the definitions of CEMS data during startup and shutdown to the more subcategory-specific definitions found in the 2013 final rule, but suggested additional revisions to make the definition more accurately reflect these periods for certain types of units. Commenters noted technical reasons during startup that cause corrected emissions concentrations to possibly show emissions in excess of those occurring during normal, steady-state operation due to the 7 percent oxygen correction. These reasons included: (1) Stack oxygen levels approach ambient levels, inflating oxygen correction factors even though mass emission rates are low; (2) the combustor has not attained optimal temperature, turbulence, and residence time conditions, which are key factors for control of combustion-related emissions; and (3) air pollution control equipment has not achieved necessary minimum temperature and/or other operating conditions necessary for effective steady-state performance on which the standards are based. The commenters also asserted that, while elevated emissions do occur during startups, the magnitude and period of elevated emissions will be actively minimized as required by the “general duty” provisions to minimize emissions at all times including startups and shutdowns. Additionally, the commenters argued that, for ERUs, at least, unit operators are economically motivated to minimize the duration of any startups, because the shorter the startup, the quicker a unit can be brought online to sell steam and/or connect to the grid and sell power. Also with respect to ERUs, commenters stated that units firing solid material on grates or in fluidized beds require more time for the material to fully ignite and achieve the optimal combustion conditions than gaseous or liquid-fired units do. The commenters stated that elevated corrected emission concentrations following initial solid material firing is an inherent characteristic of ERU subcategories such as stoker and fluidized bed biomass ERUs. In conclusion, the commenters recommended that, given the virtually identical technologies used for both boilers and CISWI ERUs, the EPA should incorporate language in the CEMS data definition similar to that which it proposed in the major source and area source Boiler NESHAP rules. One commenter provided mark-up language reflecting major source boiler language in the “CEMS data for startup and shutdown” definition that would apply specifically to CISWI ERUs, and a separate definition that could apply to incinerators and small remote incinerators. For ERUs, the commenter suggested the following definition, which eliminates the “cold start” and “until waste is fed to the unit” language, and adds the concept of tying the CEMS data during startup period to the time that useful thermal energy is generated.

The commenter suggested that CEMS data during startup and shutdown should be defined as follows:

For energy recovery units: CEMS data collected during the first hours of operation of a CISWI unit startup including the hours of operation firing non-waste fuel and the hours following introduction of waste to the unit until 4 hours after when the ERU makes useful thermal energy (such as steam or heat) for heating, cooling, and process purposes, or generates electricity, whichever is earlier, and the hours of operation following the cessation of waste material being fed to the CISWI unit during a unit shutdown. For each startup event, the length of time that CEMS data may be claimed as being CEMS data during startup must be 48 operating hours or less. For each shutdown event, the length of time that CEMS data may be claimed as being CEMS data during shutdown must be 24 operating hours or less.

As an alternative to the above definition, the commenter suggested the definition could include the period of time up to 6 hours following introduction of waste to the unit instead of tying the definition to “useful thermal energy.” The commenter noted that this might allow the definition to be applicable to incinerators and small remote incinerators.

Another commenter suggested that the first 48 hours of startup and the last 24 hours of shutdown for incinerators, small remote incinerators, and energy recovery units is adequate in most cases. This commenter stated that any time the feed to a combustion chamber is modified (e.g., new material added, same material with higher or lower feed rates), the combustion process is disturbed. The commenter further stated that the length of time it takes for the combustion process to re-stabilize depends upon a number of factors (size of the combustion unit, amount of waste introduced, the Btu content of the waste introduced, the combustibility of that waste, the operating conditions, etc.). Therefore, the commenter recommended that the CEMS data during startup and shutdown are best decided on a site-specific basis and urged the EPA to allow this as an option.

With respect to waste-burning kilns, one commenter argued that it is highly beneficial to have the definitions of startup and shutdown for kilns in the CISWI rule match the definitions in the Portland Cement NESHAP. Therefore, the commenter supported having a separate definition of CEMS data during startup and shutdown that applied to waste-burning kilns, and that this definition should also reflect provisions found in the Portland Cement NESHAP. The commenter provided the following language as a suggestion on what would be appropriate, and also suggested a corresponding footnote to clarify that the 7 percent oxygen adjustment need not be applied during periods of startup and shutdown:

“CEMS data during startup and shutdown means the following: (2) For waste-burning kilns: CEMS data collected during the periods of kiln operation that do not include normal operations. Startup means the time from when a shutdown kiln first begins firing fuel until it begins producing clinker. Startup begins when a shutdown kiln turns on the induced draft fan and begins firing fuel in the main burner. Startup ends when feed is being continuously introduced into the kiln for at least 120 minutes or when the feed rate exceeds 60 percent of the kiln design limitation rate, whichever occurs first. Shutdown means the cessation of kiln operation. Shutdown begins when feed to the kiln is halted and ends when continuous kiln rotation ceases.”

Response: Based on these comments and the EPA's goal to provide, where appropriate, consistent regulatory provisions, the EPA has determined to revise the definition of “CEMS data during startup and shutdown” to be subcategory-specific. For ERUs and waste-burning kilns, for example, the definition will reflect definitions similar to those of the non-waste counterpart NESHAP to CISWI for the type of source. Therefore, the final definition for ERUs will reflect provisions found in the major source Boiler NESHAP, and the final definition for waste-burning kilns will reflect provisions similar to those in the Portland Cement NESHAP. For incinerators and small remote incinerators, the proposed definition (i.e., from a cold start and up to 48 hours for startup and 24 hours or less for shutdown) will still apply. These subcategory-specific definitions provide a consistent basis for ERUs and kilns that may change applicability periodically so that owners and operators will have a consistent requirement for demonstrating compliance regardless of the mode (waste or non-waste) the unit is being operated in. Furthermore, for incinerators and small remote incinerators, industry commenters are confident that the full range of these sources will be able to maintain compliance with these time allowances that were proposed.

We note that certain commenters indicate that reasons for changing the definitions include that the units may have greater emissions during startup and shutdown and also that pollution control equipment may not be fully operational during startup. The EPA is not revising the definitions to allow sources to violate the standard; instead the change is designed to better reflect the actual operating conditions during startup and shutdown. The oxygen correction is thus designed to allow sources to use actual stack oxygen levels during these periods instead of numbers corrected to 7 percent oxygen.^[1] If sources believe that, even with the stack oxygen correction, emissions will exceed the levels of the standard because of incomplete combustion or because air pollution controls are not fully operational, they must take steps (e.g., burn clean startup fuel for longer periods) to ensure compliance.

Finally, the subcategory-specific definitions of “CEMS data during startup and shutdown” in this final rule more clearly specify the beginning and end of startup and shutdown periods for each subcategory of CISWI unit. However, we realize in doing so that the previous, separate definitions of “startup period” and “shutdown” that have been held over from the 2000 CISWI rule may now cause confusion for waste-burning kilns and ERUs especially. Because the 2000 CISWI rule applied to incinerator units (and not ERUs and waste-burning kilns), we recognize the need to clarify that the “startup period” and “shutdown” definitions apply only to incinerators and small, remote incinerators. For this reason, the EPA is revising the definitions of “startup period” and “shutdown” to clarify that they are intended to apply only to incinerators and small, remote incinerators.

Comment: One commenter argued that allowing sources to comply with emissions standards based on uncorrected emissions measurements would be unlawful and arbitrary. The commenter explained that the EPA does not claim that all units will have oxygen levels close to the ambient air, that any units' oxygen levels will actually be at the level of the ambient air during these periods, or that any units' oxygen levels will be at that high level consistently. The commenter suggested that the EPA should instead consider several other approaches. First, the commenter suggested that the EPA could require sources to show compliance during these periods using another method, such as stack tests. The commenter stated that the EPA recognized that CEMS are a compliance alternative rather than a requirement for most CISWI standards. The commenter also argued that the EPA stated it is maintaining CEMS as a compliance alternative during these periods because “other air regulations and permit requirements may require” CEMS data. However, the commenter argued that the EPA did not state what these other requirements are, or why the same CEMS problems it has identified here do not apply to them. The commenter further argued that even if other regulatory requirements do require sources to maintain CEMS data, that does not compel the EPA to accept their data as demonstrative of compliance with the requirements of the performance standards and emissions guidelines for air pollution from CISWI. The commenter also suggested that, if the CEMS compliance alternative were retained, the EPA could require sources to correct their measurements to the level of oxygen actually present, as measured by an oxygen analyzer or another method. Finally, the commenter offered as an alternative that the EPA could develop mass-based limits instead of concentration-based limits, which do not require oxygen correction. The commenter concluded that, because the EPA has not even considered these alternatives, the proposal to allow sources to show compliance based on measurements it does not dispute will be inaccurate is arbitrary as well as unlawful.

Response: As we noted in the proposed rule, the rules generally require stack emissions testing. These tests can span several hours. The CISWI rule emission limits were based on data obtained during normal operations, which is also what the rule requires for conducting performance testing (see 40 CFR 60.2125(a) and 40 CFR 60.2690(a)). As has been noted in other comments and in the costing analyses presented in support of the CISWI rulemaking, the emission testing program is not trivial in cost and effort. Therefore, adding a requirement for additional stack testing during startup and shutdown periods, which seems to be what this commenter suggests, would further add to the compliance cost of the rule for obtaining data for a small portion of the source's operations. The EPA does not believe this additional monitoring is required to assure compliance with the standards.

As noted before and by some commenters, monitoring by CEMS is an alternative, and may be useful for sources that are required by permit or for Acid Rain program requirements (40 CFR part 75) to continually monitor emissions of certain pollutants, primarily NO_X and SO₂. The EPA realized that the interaction of newly applicable CISWI standards to ERUs and waste-burning kilns may differ from existing requirements for these sources developed under the Acid Rain program, permit requirements enacted for state or local conditions, or even under various consent decrees. The EPA also recognizes that different programs measure and evaluate emissions for various purposes and in differing formats (e.g., lb/MMBtu), and therefore disagrees with the commenter's assertions that if these other programs do not need these provisions, then neither should CISWI. In fact, the EPA maintains that the reasons other programs may not require separate definitions is because they already have separate startup and shutdown requirements in place for the program. For example, appendix F of 40 CFR part 75 allows sources to calculate a NO_X emission rate using a “diluent cap” during periods of operation (startup and shutdown) where CO₂ and O₂ are near ambient air levels.^[2] As many commenters have noted, these “CEMS data during startup and shutdown” revisions being finalized are necessary to make attainable the CISWI requirement for the standards to “apply at all times” for sources that are otherwise required to measure emissions using CEMS or that opt to measure emissions continually. Further, the EPA does acknowledge that there are instances, such as this one, where consistent regulatory provisions will make compliance demonstrations easier for affected sources and implementing agencies while still maintaining the integrity and goals of the regulation. That is the case here, where multiple programs may require or allow CEMS data for continuous compliance demonstrations.

The commenter also suggested that either using CEMS data corrected to stack oxygen or developing a mass-based standard should be investigated. In essence, though, the revised provisions allow CEMS data to be “corrected to” stack oxygen levels (that is, the numerator and denominator of the oxygen correction are equal, so the correction factor equals 1). Sources must still measure and record concentrations and stack oxygen levels during these periods, and must keep records of periods of CEMS data that are being claimed as periods of startup and shutdown (See 40 CFR 60.2175(p) and 40 CFR 60.2740(o)). As many commenters have already noted, the oxygen levels fluctuate widely during startup and shutdown periods, so any basis other than using stack oxygen levels for correction during this period would run into the same type of calculation issue that we are attempting to remedy. Similarly, a mass-based standard for CISWI units would be a significant departure from the format of the existing standards, further complicating compliance demonstrations by the facility and assessment by the implementing agency. In order to develop a calculation-based approach, the EPA would need to have information on the specific materials being fed and resultant emissions for each of the best performing units during startup and shutdown periods. These are data that we do not have and the commenter did not provide any recommendations on an approach that the EPA could consider absent these data. In addition, the EPA did not reopen the specific standards or form of the standards in the proposed rule, and we decline to establish mass-based emission standards for that reason as well. We are not revising the standards, but are revising only the monitoring provisions of the standards to ensure that CEMS data collected are representative of actual emissions during startup and shutdown periods and are not being artificially inflated or influenced due to the 7 percent oxygen correction. In the revisions, these intervals are clearly defined and specific to the unit type to ensure this period is reasonable to ensure safe operation while minimizing emissions.

B. PM Limit for the Waste-Burning Kiln Subcategory

Background: In the January 21, 2015, proposal, the EPA solicited comments on the data set used to determine PM limits for new and existing waste-burning kilns in the February 2013 final rule.

The March 2011 CISWI final rule promulgated PM emissions limits of 6.2 milligrams per dry standard cubic meter (mg/dscm) for existing units, and 2.5 mg/dscm for new units, both corrected to 7 percent oxygen. In an action parallel to the March 21, 2011, final CISWI rule, the EPA promulgated a final rule that identifies the standards and procedures for identifying whether non-hazardous secondary materials (NHSM) are or are not solid waste when used as fuels or ingredients in combustion units. The EPA defines the NHSM that are solid waste under RCRA in the final “Identification of Non-Hazardous Secondary Materials That Are Solid Waste” rulemaking. The RCRA definition of solid waste is integral in defining the CISWI source category. Commercial and industrial units that combust solid waste are subject to standards issued pursuant to CAA section 129, rather than to standards issued pursuant to CAA section 112 that would otherwise be applicable to such units (e.g., boilers, process heaters and cement kilns). Cement kilns combusting solid waste are waste-burning kilns subject to CISWI, not the otherwise applicable Portland Cement NESHAP. Following promulgation of the 2011 CISWI rule, the EPA again analyzed the materials being combusted in the entire national inventory of Portland cement kilns in light of the revisions to the NHSM rule, and made revisions to the CISWI waste-burning kiln inventory. When kilns were added to the inventory and their emissions data considered, the resulting NSPS and EG PM emission limits proposed in the December 2011 reconsideration were less stringent than those established in the March 2011 CISWI final rule.

Following the December 2011 reconsideration proposal, the EPA learned that one of the kilns in the CISWI inventory was no longer burning waste, and another kiln that was not thought to be burning waste materials was doing so. The CISWI waste-burning kiln inventory was revised during the period between proposal and final to reflect these changes, and the database updated to include emissions data for the newly identified unit, as well as some additional test reports obtained for units within the inventory. The EPA calculated the maximum achievable control technology (MACT) floors after making the appropriate revisions to the inventory and the new NSPS and EG PM emission limits were more stringent than those proposed in the December 2011 reconsideration proposal. Table 1 of this preamble tracks the progression of the waste-burning kiln PM limits from the March 2011 final rule through the February 2013 final rule.

Throughout the CISWI rulemaking process from March 2011 through February 2013, the EPA used the same calculation methodology (i.e., the upper prediction limit calculated from a population of individual test runs) to establish the emission limits for waste-burning kilns. However, the data set used in these calculations has changed and grown over this period of time as the agency has revised the CISWI inventory based on information submitted to the agency by the regulated community and new data are submitted. As a result, a petitioner has suggested that the current PM emission data set for waste-burning kilns is robust enough to warrant using 3-run emission test averages as the data population rather than the individual test runs. According to the commenter, using this approach to calculate emission limits would result in PM emission limits that are different than those of the February 2013 CISWI final rule.

In the context of MACT analyses, as the EPA noted in the January 21, 2015 proposal, emission test averages or individual test run data can be used to determine emissions variability of best performers. We also noted that we typically use individual test runs, but for categories with data from 15 ^[3] or more sources, which would provide at least 45 test runs, we may choose to use test averages. In these larger data sets, the use of test averages are likely to be sufficiently representative of long term performance and variability without the need for use of the individual test runs.

In the January 21, 2015 proposal, the EPA solicited comment on the data set used in the February 2013 final rule, as well as whether this data set warrants a different calculation approach due to its size or other factors. See the memoranda titled “Potential Emission Limits Calculation Analyses for Waste-burning Kilns and Coal ERUs,” “Approach for Applying the Upper Prediction Limit to Limited Data Sets,” and “Use of the Upper Prediction Limit for Calculating MACT Floors” in the CISWI docket for more details.

Comment: Two commenters supported the use of emission test averages to determine emission standards. One commenter strongly believed that use of test averages is the only valid way to conduct calculations of upper predictive limit (UPL) or other variability analyses because only test averages, and not individual test runs, are statistically independent from one another, as the UPL calculation requires. Both commenters argued that it is crucial that the UPL calculation reflect the actual variability of compliance test results for the best performing kilns that set the floors, and stated that this goal is best accomplished by using stack test results (which are the average of three consecutive test runs) in the UPL calculation, rather than using test runs as individual data points. One commenter noted that the data set for PM emissions from waste-burning kilns is among the largest for any source category or pollutant in the CISWI rule, consisting of 24 stack tests (equivalent to 72 individual test runs) for the pool of three best performers.

One commenter described control measures that Portland Cement NESHAP and waste-burning kilns will need to take to meet the 13.5 mg/dscm limit for existing waste-burning kilns that was discussed, noting that baghouse equipment will still need to be improved at many kilns to meet this limit. The commenter also pointed out that the performance of a baghouse on a kiln is comparable whether it is a Portland Cement NESHAP kiln or a CISWI kiln. The commenter went on to use this discussion and data from the Portland Cement NESHAP analyses to support the 13.5 mg/dscm limit (which equates to 0.075 lb/ton clinker on a production basis, as compared to the existing kiln PM limit of 0.07 lb/ton clinker in the Portland Cement NESHAP) and to demonstrate that the current beyond-the-floor analysis done for the 2013 CISWI final rule is still applicable despite the new PM emission limit.

Response: We agree that the data set for PM for existing waste-burning kilns is sufficiently large to support using stack test averages, as some commenters have supported. For new sources, the EPA realizes that there is a smaller number of data points available when test averages are considered since only the data from the best-performing source are included in the calculation.^[4] However, as the EPA has intended within each of the CISWI subcategories, a consistent approach to the emission limit calculation is used for existing and new sources within a subcategory (e.g., upper limit for small remote, UPL for waste-burning kilns). That is, in the case of PM for waste-burning kilns, the UPL using test averages is being used to calculate both existing and new source emission limits.

We also note that, for this particular data set, there are distinct advantages to using this approach. One advantage is that there is a significant amount of test data for the best-performing source. These runs reflect various fuel and waste material firing conditions for the best-performing unit. By splitting the data for the best-performing source into sets of three according to the operational condition (waste or non-waste), each of the resulting averages is more representative of the fuel, waste, and operational variability demonstrated by the other 3-run test averages found in the data set for this source and for the other existing source best performers. In other words, the time periods—and variability in process inputs and operations these periods represent—are approximately equal for each data point in the average data set for existing and new sources. This approach also has the added benefit of a slightly larger time period of operations being represented by the data, since there is one additional average that can be included in the data pool (i.e., no test run data are available, but the average is).

We also reviewed the information submitted by the commenters on the costs and emission improvement requirements existing kilns will need to undertake to meet the revised emission limits, as well as our own assessment of control improvements needed, and agree with the assessment that beyond-the-floor emission standards for waste-burning kiln PM limits are unwarranted. In our analysis, the same kilns that would need improvements for the 2013 PM limits still need to add these improvements to meet the 13.5 mg/dscm standards (as well as the CISWI limits for Cd and Pb, which are not being revised but are also controlled by PM control devices). The technology most likely being used to meet the standards would be fabric filters (baghouses), which is a physical control technology. Information supplied by the industry indicate that many cement kilns will require highly efficient fabric filters to meet the 13.5 mg/dscm standards. Fabric filters do not have a variable component, such as sorbent injection rates, that can be varied easily once the system is designed and the filter media specified. Therefore, unlike other control technologies, the PM removal efficiency of fabric filters does not depend on other factors in the process and control device's performance will essentially be the same regardless of other process inputs. Therefore, the EPA is finalizing the 13.5 mg/dscm and 4.9 mg/dscm emission limits discussed at proposal for existing and new waste-burning kilns, respectively, based on the analysis of emission test average data.

The calculated PM emission limits using the test averages are presented in Table 1 of this preamble for comparison. The calculations used to support the 2015 emission limit values, analyses of impacts and discussion of beyond-the-floor considerations are available in the “Revised Emission Limits and Impacts Analyses for Waste-burning Kilns and Coal ERUs” memorandum in the docket to this rulemaking.

Table 1—Waste-Burning Kiln PM Emission Limits From March 2011 Final Rule Through 2015 Final Reconsideration

Source type (units)	March 2011 final rule	December 2011 proposed rule	February 2013 final rule	2015 Final rule test average-based limits 2
New Sources (mg/dscm)1	2.5	8.9	2.2	4.9
Existing Sources (mg/dscm)1	6.2	9.2	4.6	13.5
1 Corrected to 7 percent oxygen (O2).
2 These final limits are the same as those discussed in the January 21, 2015 proposal.

Comment: One commenter disagreed with the proposed approach of using stack test average data, arguing that because the EPA's standards are already set at the floor, and the floor is the minimum stringency permitted by the CAA, the EPA's proposed change is unlawful at Chevron step one.^[5] The commenter further argued that the EPA does not give any statutory reasons for its proposed change, and therefore its proposal is unreasonable at Chevron step two. NRDC v. EPA, No. 12-1321, slip op. at 23 (D.C. Cir. Dec. 23, 2014) (“EPA must `ground its reasons for action or inaction in the statute.' ”) (quoting Util. Air Regulatory Grp. v. EPA, 134 S. Ct. 2427, 2441 (2014)). The commenter contended that the only reason the EPA gives in support of this change is that the data set for kilns is relatively large and so switching to test averages instead of individual test runs “is expected to make very little difference.” The commenter concluded that the EPA's proposed change illustrates that the UPL approach is unlawful and arbitrary because it does not yield reasonable estimates of the “average emission limitation achieved” by the best performing units. An industry commenter asserted that the stack test averages yield reasonable estimates of the average emission limitation achieved by the best performing units, and referred to their original comment submittal to the proposed rule as support. The commenter then repeated that the EPA should use stack test averages in the UPL calculation whenever there are sufficient data to support their use. The commenter concluded that the use of test runs can be justified only when the limited availability of emissions data demands the use of test runs; this is not the case in the CISWI PM limit for kilns.

Response: As discussed earlier, the EPA incorporated considerable new data and moved kilns from the NESHAP to CISWI between the proposed and final CISWI reconsideration concluded in 2013. The inclusion of additional sources and data lead to more stringent standards and the public was not provided an opportunity to comment on those limits and the manner of their calclulation. For this reason, parties petitioned EPA to reconsider those limits consistent with CAA section 307(d)(7)(B), and the EPA granted reconsideration consistent with the statute to provide the public an opportunity to comment. The EPA maintains that its actions in response to the changed circumstances (i.e., new data and sources) and the petitions for reconsideration are consistent with the statute and, for this reason, we reject the commenter's argument that EPA has somehow violated the standard setting provisions of section 112.

Further, we have determined that the data set for existing waste-burning kilns for PM is sufficient to address longer-term performance and variability among the best-performing sources and justifies the use of test average data. While the data set for new waste-burning kilns is smaller in count than that of the existing sources, it is not considered a small data set, and the EPA has concerns about not treating variability consistently between existing and new source emission limits within the same subcategory.

With respect to the commenter's arguments about the UPL calculation methodology, the EPA did not open the UPL calculation methodology for reconsideration, so we are not responding to the commenter's arguments on this issue.

C. FVF for Coal-Burning Energy Recovery Units

Background: In the January 21, 2015, proposal, the EPA requested comments and supporting data regarding the need to establish an FVF for the ERU solids (coal) subcategory. In particular, the EPA requested comments on using stack test data from coal-only periods of operation in our emission limit calculations, and whether the EPA should re-evaluate the NO_X emission limit by using the additional CEMS data provided for the best-performing unit. The preamble to the 2013 final CISWI rule (78 FR 9112, February 7, 2013) explained the methodology used to establish the final emission limits, which relied almost exclusively on direct emissions measurements. A petitioner requested that EPA reconsider the decision not to incorporate fuel variability into the emission limit calculations for coal-fired ERUs based on new information.

Table 2 of this preamble presents a comparison of the 2013 final rule emission limits for existing coal ERUs and the emission limits calculated using all data available (i.e., waste and coal-only modes of operation), FVF calculation techniques, and the additional CEMS data provided by the petitioner.

Table 2—Existing Coal ERU Emission Limits From February 2013 Final Rule and Based on FVF Plus Additional CEMS Data

Pollutant (units)	February 2013 final rule emission limit 1	Final emission limits using additional data and FVF 1
Cadmium (Cd) (mg/dscm)	0.0095	2 0.0017
Hydrogen Chloride (HCl) (ppmv)	13	3 58
Mercury (Hg) (mg/dscm)	0.016	2 0.013
Lead (Pb) (mg/dscm)	0.14	3 0.057
Particulate Matter (PM filterable) (mg/dscm)	160	2 130
Nitrogen Oxides (NOX) (ppmv)	340	2 460
Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) (ppmv)	650	850
1 All emission limits are expressed as concentrations corrected to 7 percent O2.
2 Unable to calculate FVF, final emission limit reflects use of additional data for coal-only mode of operation.
3 Based on maximum ratio in data set to calculate FVF for final emission limit. If average ratios were used instead, HCl emission limit would be 19 (parts per million by volume) ppmv and Pb would be 0.047 mg/dscm.

Comment: Several commenters supported the revision of these emission limits, claiming that the EPA should account for all sources of emissions variability. Commenters argued that adjustments for fuel variability should be based on worst case conditions so that the floors represent the emission limitations that the best performers can achieve under the worst foreseeable circumstances. They maintained that emissions test data only reflect the pollutant content of a unit's inputs at the time of emissions testing, noting that fuel and solid waste composition vary over time. As an example, commenters referenced HCl data submitted for the top performer, noting that if the HCl limit for existing units remains at 13 ppmv (from the 2013 final CISWI rule), the best performing unit would fail to meet the limit consistently. The commenters further expressed their support for basing the FVF on the maximum ratio of non-paired fuel data with paired fuel data (yielding a limit of 58 ppmv) as opposed to the average ratio (yielding a limit of 19 ppmv), because the HCl data showed the average-based limit was also exceeded several times over an 8-year period. In order to make the HCl limit achievable in practice, the commenters concluded that the EPA must set the final HCl limit to 58 ppmv.

One commenter pointed out that the consideration of fuel variability is of particular importance because a CISWI unit remains a CISWI unit until it ceases to burn waste for at least 6 months. The commenter explained that estimating emission levels achieved when a unit was burning waste and coal does not reflect the level achieved when combusting only coal. Commenters also called attention to the boiler and process heater standards, which account for fuel supply variability, and contended that the EPA should do the same for CIWSI because ERUs would be subject to the boiler standards if they did not combust waste in addition to fossil fuels.

One commenter indicated that the EPA had not properly addressed fuel variability for the SO₂ emission limit. According to the commenter, previously submitted data showed that the 2013 final limit of 650 ppmvd would not be high enough to allow the top performer to comply every day under all operating conditions. In developing the potential limits presented in the proposed reconsideration, the EPA did not develop a FVF for SO₂ because only one fuel data point for sulfur was available to be paired with SO₂ emissions data. The commenter explained that even though only one date from the fuel data matched up with the week of SO₂ CEMS data, the lag time between the fuel sample date and actual combustion in the boiler is typically 4-9 days, so portions of both the August 14 and August 21, 2009, coal shipments would have been burned during the CEMS period from August 23 through August 30, 2009. Therefore, the commenter explained, sulfur data from these two shipments could be paired with the CEMS data, which would make it appropriate to develop a FVF for SO₂, similar to what was done for HCl.

Response: The EPA is finalizing the emission limits for Cd, HCl, Hg, Pb, PM, and NO_X that incorporate a FVF and coal-only mode of operation data and were discussed in the January 21, 2015 proposal. See 80 FR at 3023. In addition, the EPA has determined that we have sufficient data to incorporate a FVF into the SO₂ limit in the same manner as the standards for the other section 129 pollutants above.

At proposal, the agency explained our rationale for considering emission limits that incorporate a FVF for fuel-dependent pollutants (i.e., HCl, Pb, Cd, Hg, and SO₂) [See 80 FR at 3022] and presented the methodology [See Memo titled “Potential Emission Limits Calculations Analyses for Waste-burning Kilns and Coal ERUs, December 12, 2014] we would use to do so. We also presented the available data. In addition, for Cd, HCl, Hg, Pb, PM and NO_X, the EPA identified the emission limits that incorporate a FVF and were derived from that data and using the proposed methodology. The proposal did not identify a specific SO₂ emission limit that incorporated a FVF because, as explained in the proposal, at that time, the EPA did not believe the data from the best performing units included the information necessary to calculate a FVF for SO₂. See 80 FR at 3022; see also Memo titled “Potential Emission Limits Calculations Analyses for Waste-burning Kilns and Coal ERUs, December 12, 2014. The proposal, however, made clear that the rationale for deciding to incorporate a FVF into the emission limits for coal-fired ERUs applied to all fuel-dependent pollutants, including SO_2, and the agency provided the methodology for incorporated a FVF. The comments received demonstrated that the available SO₂ data from the best performing units—the data in the docket at the time of proposal—does in fact include the information required to establish a fuel variability factor. Specifically, the EPA confirms that the data set includes sufficient paired SO₂ data to evaluate the need for a FVF. Thus, all information necessary to address whether a FVF should be incorporated into the SO₂ standard, and to identify the specific SO₂ emission limit incorporating a FVF was available in the docket at the time of proposal. Thus, in this final rule, the EPA has re-evaluated the fuel sulfur data with paired SO₂ data and is incorporating a FVF in the floor calculations for SO₂ using the same methodology that was discussed in the proposal. The resulting SO₂ limit for existing and new coal ERUs is 850 ppmvd.

Comment: One commenter did not support the incorporation of FVFs in determining emission limits, arguing that increasing the floors to account for variability would be unlawful and arbitrary because the UPL methodology used to develop the floors already accounts for emissions variability. According to the commenter, the floors should not be increased further because CAA section 129 directs that standards should be no less stringent than the average emissions achieved by the best performing units. In other words, the commenter explained, a standard must reflect a reasonable estimate of the actual performance of the best units.

The commenter further noted that even if it were lawful to incorporate a FVF at all, the FVF should be based on the average ratio, as opposed to the maximum ratio, because the maximum ratio does not yield a reasonable estimate of the average emissions limitation achieved by the best performing sources, yielding floors less stringent than the statute permits.

Response: The EPA disagrees with the argument that incorporating a FVF in these standards overaccounts for variability. Fuel data provided for the top performing units show that performance for coal-burning ERUs, based solely on the short-term stack test data available for these units, does not adequately reflect the sustained performance and different fuel inputs that are used by the best performing source upon which the standards were based. As stated in response to similar comments submitted on the Boiler NESHAP (See EPA-HQ-OAR-2002-0058-3511, excerpt 15, page 111), and consistent with the DC Circuit Court ruling, the EPA is mindful that MACT floors need to reflect achieved performance of the best-performing units, that HAP (or pollutant, for CAA section 129 rules such as CISWI) content of process inputs (raw materials and fuels) should be accounted for in ascertaining the sources' performance as necessary, and that the EPA cannot consider costs in ascertaining the level of the MACT floor. See, e.g., Brick MACT, 479 F. 3d at 880-81, 882-83; NRDC v. EPA, 489 F. 3d 1364, 1376 (D.C. Cir. 2007) (“Plywood MACT”); see also Cement Kiln Recycling Coalition v. EPA, 255 F. 3d 855, 861-62 (D.C. Cir. 2001) (“achievability” requirement of CAA section 112 (d)(2) cannot override the requirement that floors be calculated on the basis of what best performers actually achieved). The EPA is also mindful of the need to account for sources' variability (both due to control device performance and variability in inputs) in assessing sources' performance when developing technology-based standards. See, e.g., Mossville Environmental Action Now v. EPA, 370 F. 3d 1232, 1242 (D.C. Cir. 2004); National Lime I, 627 F. 2d 416, 433-34 (D.C. Cir. 1980). In most cases, the UPL sufficiently accounts for both control device performance and input variability. However, in this case, a review of the data for the best-performing coal-burning ERUs indicated that short-term stack test data alone did not fully account for longer term emissions performance in this case. While fuels combusted within a short term 3-hour test would be expected to be fairly consistent in their contaminant levels, multi-year fuel input data for the best-performing unit show that Hg, Cl, Pb, and sulfur levels can vary significantly between the times the best performing unit is combusting a combination of waste and traditional fuel and the times it is combusting traditional fuels alone, and that there is variability in the pollutant content of the traditional fuel alone as well. In light of this, the EPA believes it is reasonable to incorporate a FVF for this subcategory of CISWI units to better reflect the performance of the best performing coal-burning ERUs.

Regarding the commenter's assertions that the average ratio should be used instead of the maximum ratio in calculating the FVF, we note that, unlike situations present in the Boiler NESHAP, the best-performing units in the coal ERU subcategory (all located at the same facility) are not burning a variety of fuels. These CISWI ERU units burn coal, and periodically an industrial waste generated at the facility. Therefore, there is one fuel and one waste that is input that will influence emissions. This is not the case for the boiler best-performers in the Boiler NESHAP solid fuel subcategory, as these consisted of a “mix of biomass, coal and other solid fossil fuel” data (See EPA-HQ-OAR-2002-0058-3836, August 2012). In the boiler rulemaking, the EPA was concerned that this heterogeneous mix of best performer fuel inputs and the use of the maximum ratio would overestimate fuel variability. However, for the CISWI coal ERUs, we are dealing with a single fuel type (coal), and the same concern does not apply. Since CISWI applicability extends for a period beyond the waste-combustion periods, variability in this one fuel influences emissions for a significant portion of the best-performers' operations. Therefore, we have determined that the maximum ratio is appropriate in this case to fully account for the best-performer's variability in fuel inputs.

The FVF accounts for fuel variability between sources using long-term fuel measurement data that represent inherent natural variations in fuel usage at the best performing unit over time. The FVF is used in conjunction with the 99 percent UPL to characterize long-term variability due to technological controls and fuel characteristics. The results are MACT floors that reasonably estimate the performance over time of the best performing sources (there are three identical units at one facility that are best performers for this subcategory of unit, with only one additional unit that may be in this subcategory). These calculations are described in more detail in the “Revised Emission Limits and Impacts Analyses for Waste-burning Kilns and Coal ERUs” memorandum found in the docket to this rulemaking.

For these reasons, the EPA is adopting the revised emission limits for coal ERUs discussed in the January 21, 2015, proposal, and the agency is also incorporating a FVF into the SO₂ limit as discussed above.

D. Definition of “Kiln”

Background: In the January 21, 2015, notice, the EPA requested comment on its proposal to revise the definition of “kiln” and proposal to add definitions of “in-line raw mill” and “in-line coal mill” to further clarify the boundaries of the waste-burning kiln. Because the in-line raw mill and in-line coal mill are part of the kiln, the kiln emission limits also apply to the exhaust of the in-line raw mill and in-line coal mill. For more background on this issue, the EPA discussed at length in the preamble to the proposed Portland Cement NESHAP a potential regulatory regime to cover situations where a portion of the kiln exhaust is ducted to the coal mill. See 77 FR 42383-85; see also the regulatory text at 77 FR 42398, 42402-06, 42408-09.

For waste-burning kilns, the EPA proposed language in the definition of “kiln” to make it consistent with that of the Portland Cement NESHAP. The terms “in-line raw mill” and “in-line coal mill” were proposed to be included in the definition, and, therefore, were proposed to be added to the definitions within the CISWI rule.

In addition to the proposed definitional amendments in the January 21, 2015, notice, the EPA proposed a compliance demonstration and ongoing monitoring method for waste-burning kilns that combine emission streams from the in-line raw mill and in-line coal mill and exhaust through multiple stacks. The EPA is finalizing the proposed approach with some minor revisions to address comments as discussed below. The final rule will allow sources to measure pollutant concentrations and flows from each of the stacks (i.e., kiln, alkali bypass, and in-line coal mill, as applicable) and calculate a flow-weighted average kiln stack concentration that must be met in order to be in compliance with the CISWI waste-burning kiln emission limits. These provisions are modeled upon similar provisions and equations found in the Portland Cement NESHAP, and should streamline compliance demonstrations for waste-burning kilns that combine streams prior to discharge to the atmosphere through one or more stacks. The proposed calculation method and measurement location options are found in 40 CFR 60.2145 and 40 CFR 60.2710. The EPA requested comment on the definitional and calculation method changes for demonstrating compliance for waste-burning kilns that combine streams prior to discharge to the atmosphere through one or more stacks.

Comment: Although there were no specific comments on the revised definition of “kiln” or on the addition of the definitions of “in-line raw mill” and “in-line coal mill,” one commenter expressed the need to change monitoring and compliance requirements for alkali bypass and/or in-line coal mill to be consistent with the Portland Cement NESHAP. The commenter contended the use of CEMS and the PM CPMS for either an alkali bypass or an in-line coal mill is unnecessary, as they represent a relatively minor part of the overall kiln emissions and their emissions will vary directionally with the main kiln stack concentrations. Therefore, the commenter suggested that monitoring the main kiln stack alone can provide an indication of overall emissions and compliance. The commenter stated that the appropriate monitoring and compliance requirements have already been addressed in the Portland Cement NESHAP rule and requested that the EPA adopt a similar approach for the CISWI standards. The commenter also suggested that the EPA clarify the level of testing and monitoring that applies to either an alkali by-pass or an in-line coal mill.

Response: To provide additional consistency between CISWI and the Portland Cement NESHAP, the EPA is adding clarifying language in the final rule that makes the monitoring requirements for waste-burning kilns consistent with those in the Portland Cement NESHAP. Specifically, we are not requiring that CEMS or PM CPMS need to be installed on separate alkali bypass or in-line coal mill stacks. Instead, as is the case with the Portland Cement NESHAP, the results of the initial and subsequent performance test for the alkali bypass and in-line coal mill stacks can be used to determine the combined emissions to demonstrate compliance with the relevant emissions limit. However, unlike the Portland Cement NESHAP, the performance test must be conducted on an annual basis (between 11 and 13 calendar months following the previous performance test) to keep the testing schedule for these stacks consistent with the CISWI rule's annual performance testing requirements.

V. Technical Corrections and Clarifications

In the January 21, 2015, notice, the EPA proposed to correct minor typographical errors and clarify provisions of the final rule that may have been unclear. The EPA is finalizing these corrections, which are summarized in this section of the preamble. There were some comments received on these clarifications. These comments, and responses to them, are found in the “2013 CISWI Rule Reconsideration Response to Comments.”

A. 2000 CISWI New Source Applicability Clarification for Incinerators and Air Curtain Incinerators

Following promulgation of the February 2013 CISWI final rule, the EPA received questions regarding the continued applicability of the 2000 CISWI NSPS for units that are subject to the 2000 CISWI NSPS as they are transitioned from the 2000 NSPS to the February 2013 EG with which they will eventually be required to comply. The 2000 CISWI NSPS are the same as the 2000 CISWI EG and limited in applicability to the incinerator subcategory and air curtain incinerators so only these types of CISWI units being regulated in the February 2013 CISWI final rules are affected by this applicability issue. The EPA intended, consistent with the statute and our stated intent (see 76 FR 15711, March 21, 2011), to continue to regulate these units as “new” sources under the 2000 NSPS, and then regulate them as “existing” sources under the 2013 EG once these units were covered under an approved state plan or federal plan that implements the February 2013 CISWI final EG. The language in the February 7, 2013, NSPS at 40 CFR 60.2105 and the title of Table 1 to 40 CFR part 60, subpart CCCC make the EPA's intent to do so evident. However, the applicability section in 40 CFR 60.2015 omitted the applicability provisions for incinerators and air curtain incinerators that are subject to the 2000 CISWI NSPS. In this final rule, the EPA is finalizing proposed additional language in 40 CFR 60.2015(a) and 40 CFR 60.2105(b) that clarifies that these incinerators and air curtain incinerators remain “new” units regulated under the 2000 NSPS until such time that an approved state plan or federal plan implements the February 2013 EG for those units, at which time such units will be subject to the 2013 EG to the extent those limits are more stringent than the 2000 CISWI NSPS limits, which will continue to apply if they are more stringent.

B. Typographical Errors and Corrections

The following items are typographical errors in the final rule that we are correcting in this final action:

• References in 40 CFR 60.2020(e), 60.2020(f), 60.2555(e), and 60.2555(f) were changed from “. . . paragraphs (e)(1) through (3) . . .” to “. . . paragraphs (e)(1) through (4) . . .”.
• Restructured 40 CFR 60.2060 to add paragraph (b) that clarifies waste management plan submittal timeline for CISWI units that commence reconstruction or modification after August 7, 2013.
• References in 40 CFR 60.2020(i) and 60.2245 were revised to include 40 CFR 60.2242 in addition to 40 CFR 60.2245 through 60.2260 (i.e., clarifies that air curtain incinerators burning wood waste, clean lumber, and/or yard waste must obtain title V permits).
• References in 40 CFR 60.2555(i) and 60.2810 were revised to include 40 CFR 60.2805 in addition to 40 CFR 60.2810 through 60.2870 (i.e., clarifies that air curtain incinerators burning wood waste, clean lumber, and/or yard waste must obtain title V permits).
• References in 40 CFR 60.2110(i)(2)(i)(D) and 40 CFR 60.2675(i)(2)(i)(D) were changed from “. . . paragraphs (i)(2)(i) through (iv) . . .” to “. . . paragraphs (i)(2)(i)(A) through (i)(2)(i)(C) . . .”.
• Two references in the definitions of terms for Equation 3 in 40 CFR 60.2110(i)(2)(iv) were revised. For the `z' term, “(2)(a)” was corrected to “(2)(i)”, and for the `R' term, “Equation 3” was corrected to “Equation 2”.
• Two references in the definitions of terms for Equation 3 in 40 CFR 60.2675(i)(2)(iv) were revised. For the `z' term, “(2)(a)” was corrected to “(2)(i)”, and for the `R' term, “Equation 3” was corrected to “Equation 2”.
• The language in 40 CFR 60.2140(c) and 60.2705(c) were revised to include the phrase “commence or recommence combusting” to be parallel to the same terminology in 40 CFR 60.2140(b) and 60.2705(b), respectively.
• Extra spaces were removed from 40 CFR 60.2145(v) and 60.2710(v).
• The reference in 40 CFR 60.2145(w)(1) was changed from “§ 60.2675” to “§ 60.2140”.
• The references in 40 CFR 60.2145(x)(1) were changed from “. . . § 60.2145(l) and (x)(1)(i) through (iii) . . .” to “. . . paragraphs (l) and (x)(1)(i) through (x)(1)(iii) . . .”
• The references in 40 CFR 60.2710(x)(1) were changed from “. . .§ 60.2710(l) and (x)(1)(i) through (iii). . .” to “. . . paragraphs (l) and (x)(1)(i) through (x)(1)(iii). . .”
• Language in 40 CFR 60.2145(x)(1)(iii), 60.2165(r)(1)(iii), 60.2710(x)(1)(iii) and 60.2730(r)(1)(iii) was revised to clarify the PM continuous parameter monitoring system (CPMS) detection limit. The phrase “of no greater than” was changed to “increments no greater than”.
• Provisions for PM CPMS in both subparts were revised to also clarify the output signals from digital monitoring devices and remove “lb/Mmbtu” typographical errors.
• The reference in 40 CFR 60.2165(q)(1) was changed from “§ 60.2675” to “§ 60.2140”.
• Text in 40 CFR 60.2165(q)(3) was corrected from “. . .paragraph (q)(4) or this section . . .” to “. . . paragraph (q)(4) of this section . . .”.
• The title of 40 CFR part 60, subpart CCCC Table 1 was revised to clarify that these emission limits apply to incinerators that were subject to the 2000 CISWI rule provisions.
• The dates in paragraphs (a)(1) and (2) of 40 CFR 60.2535 from the 2000 CISWI rule were omitted in the current CFR version of the rule, and have been reinserted.
• Added text in 40 CFR 60.2525(b) and 60.2535(b) to clarify applicability for incinerators and air curtain incinerators that were reconstructed or modified on or after June 1, 2001, but no later than August 7, 2013.
• Revised the language of 40 CFR 60.2550(b) to reflect the August 7, 2013 date for purposes of applicability with 40 CFR part 60, subpart CCCC.
• The text “over 10 MMBtu/hr but less than 250 MMBtu/hr annual average heat input rates” was added to 40 CFR 60.2730(m) for clarification and consistency.
• The definition of chemical recovery unit in 40 CFR 60.2265 was revised to be consistent with the definition provided in 40 CFR 60.2875. The following text was added: “A chemical recovery unit is not an incinerator, a waste-burning kiln, an energy recovery unit or a small, remote incinerator under this subpart.”
• Clarifying language was added to the HCl row of 40 CFR part 60, subpart DDDD Table 8. Compliance method text was changed from “. . . if a wet scrubber is not used” to “. . . if a wet scrubber or dry scrubber is not used.”
• Text in 40 CFR 60.2165(o) was corrected from “. . . you must use a continuous automated sampling system . . .” to “. . . you may substitute use of a continuous automated sampling system for the carbon monoxide annual performance test.”
• Revise the definition of “Oxygen trim system” to include draft controller and to clarify that it is a system that maintains the desired excess air level over the operating load range.
• Revise the definition of “Reconstruction” in both subparts to reflect the correct criterion that reconstruction begins on or after August 7, 2013.
• Renumbered equations in 40 CFR part 60, subpart DDDD to be in sequence within the subpart instead of being a continuation with 40 CFR part 60, subpart CCCC.
• Revised paragraphs 40 CFR 60.2030(c), 60.2210(h), 60.2220(d), 60.2235, 60.2770(h), 60.2780(d) and 60.2795 to reflect the most recent electronic reporting guidance available and to further clarify reporting requirements.
• Revised paragraphs 40 CFR 60.2145(j)(1) and 60.2710(j)(1) to reflect the most recent guidance available for HCl CEMS installed and certified in accordance to Performance Specification 15 or Performance Specification 18.
• Table footnotes were converted from alphabetical to numeric format.
• Deleted inadvertent footnote references to the following: Dioxin/furan TEQ and TMB rows of 40 CFR part 60, subpart CCCC Table 8; Dioxin/furan TMB row and Pb row of 40 CFR part 60, subpart DDDD Table 7; Dioxin/furan row of 40 CFR part 60, subpart DDDD Table 8; and dioxin/furan row of 40 CFR part 60, subpart DDDD Table 9.

C. Clarifications

Since publication of the February 7, 2013, final CISWI rule, the EPA has received stakeholder questions and requests for clarification on certain rule provisions. We are not finalizing any regulatory language changes for the following items, but are providing some clarification to these questions. Furthermore, comments received on these clarifications and responses to these comments are found in the “Response to Comments on the 2015 CISWI Reconsideration” document found in the docket:

• Mass balance as operating limits for units without certain control devices—A stakeholder has asked for clarification on whether a mass balance could be used as an operating parameter, and whether this must be measured as a 30-day rolling average instead of taking a monthly sample. Furthermore, the stakeholder also asked whether the material balance allows them to waive annual stack testing. The EPA clarifies that mass balance operating parameters do not replace annual stack testing. Stack testing and operating parameters work in tandem to ensure ongoing compliance with the standards. We do, however, accept that mass balance could be an allowable operating parameter in cases where no control device is needed to meet the pollutant's specific emission limit applicable to the unit, provided the petition for the operating parameter limits meets the requirements specified in 40 CFR 60.2115 and 40 CFR 60.2680. We also point out that these requirements also allow any source to request a different averaging time that is appropriate for the source and operating parameter.
• Clarification on who the “EPA Administrator” is and whom to contact for requests for averaging times, qualifying facility notifications, etc. We have received questions on how to contact the Administrator to submit notifications, reports and requests. The contact information is given in the General Provisions, under 40 CFR 60.4, and has addresses listed by EPA Regional Offices.

VI. Environmental, Energy and Economic Impacts

This action finalizes the proposed provisions and makes technical and clarifying corrections, but does not cause substantive changes to the impacts on the environment, energy generation and usage, and economic factors for affected sources from the February 7, 2013, final CISWI rule (78 FR 9112). The number of sources requiring improved emission control performance is the same as estimated in the final 2013 rule. While the emission limits have been relaxed slightly for PM in the waste-burning kilns, the assumed controls required to meet the final standards are still the same as those estimated for the final 2013 rule. That is, waste-burning kilns that would require additional controls to meet the final 2013 rule's PM and metals emission limits will still require those control improvements to meet the limits being finalized in this action. The main difference is an increased margin of compliance for these units, as well as a PM limit that is very consistent with the non-waste burning (Portland Cement NESHAP) PM emission limits, thereby streamlining compliance. For the coal-fired ERU subcategory, certain emission limits are relaxed while others have been made more stringent. The net result in emissions reductions are negligible, however, and there are no changes in the control cost estimates for units in this subcategory. As with the waste-burning kilns, the main difference for the coal ERUs is that there is a somewhat greater margin of compliance available in the standards being finalized, and thus, ensuring that the best performing units may be able to demonstrate sustained compliance with the MACT standards in multiple modes of operation (waste and non-waste modes).

Taken together, the revised emission limits being finalized in this action could result in allowable emission estimates, primarily in PM, that are greater than those assumed for the 2013 final rule by about 297 tpy. In other words, there could potentially be 297 fewer tpy of PM emission reductions as a result of this final rule when compared to the 2013 final rule's estimated emission reductions. We have estimated these emission impacts in the memorandum “Revised Emission Limits and Impacts Analyses for Waste-burning Kilns and Coal ERUs” available in the docket. We have not revised the regulatory impacts assessment prepared for the 2013 final rule since the expected emissions control costs are unchanged and the change in estimated emission reductions are relatively minor when compared to the 34,771 tpy overall emission reductions estimated for the February 7, 2013, final rule (See 78 FR 9132).

VII. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews

Additional information about these statues and Executive Orders can be found at http://www2.epa.gov/​laws-regulations/​laws-and-executive-orders.

A. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory Planning and Review and Executive Order 13563: Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review

This action is not a significant regulatory action and was, therefore, not submitted to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) for review.

B. Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA)

This action does not impose any new information collection burden under the PRA. OMB has previously approved the information collection activities contained in the existing regulations (40 CFR part 60, subpart CCCC and 40 CFR part 60, subpart DDDD) and has assigned OMB control number 2060-0664 for subpart CCCC and OMB control number 2060-0662 for subpart DDDD. This action is believed to result in no changes to the information collection requirements of the February 2013 final CISWI rule, so that the information collection estimate of project cost and hour burden from the final CISWI rule have not been revised.

C. Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA)

I certify that this action will not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities under the RFA. In making this determination, the impact of concern is any significant adverse economic impact on small entities. An agency may certify that a rule will not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities if the rule relieves regulatory burden, has no net burden, or otherwise has a positive economic effect on the small entities subject to the rule. This final rule will not impose any new requirements on any entities because it does not impose any additional regulatory requirements relative to those specified in the February 2013 final CISWI rule. The February 2013 final CISWI rule was certified as not having a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities. We have therefore concluded that this action will have no net regulatory burden for all directly regulated small entities.

D. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA)

This action does not contain an unfunded mandate of $100 million or more as described in UMRA, 2 U.S.C. 1531-1538, and does not significantly affect small governments. The action imposes no enforceable duty on any state, local, or tribal governments or the private sector.

E. Executive Order 13132: Federalism

This action does not have federalism implications. It will not have substantial direct effects on the states, on the relationship between the national government and the states, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities among the various levels of government.

F. Executive Order 13175: Consultation and Coordination With Indian Tribal Governments

This action does not have tribal implications, as specified in Executive Order 13175. The EPA is not aware of any CISWI in Indian country or owned or operated by Indian tribal governments. The CISWI aspects of this rule may, however, invoke minor indirect tribal implications to the extent that entities generating solid wastes on tribal lands could be affected. Thus, Executive Order 13175 does not apply to this action.

G. Executive Order 13045: Protection of Children From Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks

The EPA interprets Executive Order 13045 as applying to those regulatory actions that concern environmental health or safety risks that the EPA has reason to believe may disproportionately affect children, per the definition of “covered regulatory action” in section 2-202 of the Executive Order. This action is not subject to Executive Order 13045 because it does not concern an environmental health risk or safety risk.

H. Executive Order 13211: Actions Concerning Regulations That Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use

This action is not subject to Executive Order 13211 because it is not a significant regulatory action under Executive Order 12866.

I. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act (NTTAA) and 1 CFR Part 51

This action does not involve technical standards.

This action is not finalizing any new incorporation by reference material, so therefore this action is not making any amendments to the incorporations by reference found in 40 CFR 60.17. The incorporation by reference of this document was already approved by the Director of the Federal Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51 for § 60.14, effective February 7, 2013. The EPA has made, and will continue to make, these documents generally available electronically through www.regulations.gov and/or in hard copy at the appropriate EPA office (see the ADDRESSES section of this preamble for more information).

J. Executive Order 12898: Federal Actions To Address Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations

The EPA believes the human health or environmental risk addressed by this action will not have potential disproportionately high and adverse human health or environmental effects on minority, low-income, or indigenous populations. It does not affect the level of protection provided to human health or the environment. The final CISWI rule will reduce emissions of all the listed toxics emitted from this source, thereby helping to further ensure against any disproportionately high and adverse human health or environmental effects on minority, low-income, or indigenous populations.

K. Congressional Review Act (CRA)

This action is subject to the CRA, and the EPA will submit a rule report to House of Congress and to the Comptroller General of the United States. This action is not a “major rule” as defined by 5 U.S.C. 804(2).

List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 60

• Environmental protection
• Administrative practice and procedure
• Air pollution control
• Hazardous substances
• Incorporation by reference

Dated: May 5, 2016.

Gina McCarthy,

Administrator.

For the reasons stated in the preamble, the Environmental Protection Agency is amending title 40, chapter I, of the Code of Federal Regulations as follows:

PART 60—STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR NEW STATIONARY SOURCES

1. The authority citation for part 60 continues to read as follows:

Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401, et seq.

2. Part 60 is amended by revising subpart CCCC to read as follows:

Subpart CCCC—Standards of Performance for Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units

Introduction

60.2000

What does this subpart do?

60.2005

When does this subpart become effective?

Applicability

60.2010

Does this subpart apply to my incineration unit?

60.2015

What is a new incineration unit?

60.2020

What combustion units are exempt from this subpart?

60.2030

Who implements and enforces this subpart?

60.2035

How are these new source performance standards structured?

60.2040

Do all eleven components of these new source performance standards apply at the same time?

Preconstruction Siting Analysis

60.2045

Who must prepare a siting analysis?

60.2050

What is a siting analysis?

Waste Management Plan

60.2055

What is a waste management plan?

60.2060

When must I submit my waste management plan?

60.2065

What should I include in my waste management plan?

Operator Training and Qualification

60.2070

What are the operator training and qualification requirements?

60.2075

When must the operator training course be completed?

60.2080

How do I obtain my operator qualification?

60.2085

How do I maintain my operator qualification?

60.2090

How do I renew my lapsed operator qualification?

60.2095

What site-specific documentation is required?

60.2100

What if all the qualified operators are temporarily not accessible?

Emission Limitations and Operating Limits

60.2105

What emission limitations must I meet and by when?

60.2110

What operating limits must I meet and by when?

60.2115

What if I do not use a wet scrubber, fabric filter, activated carbon injection, selective noncatalytic reduction, an electrostatic precipitator, or a dry scrubber to comply with the emission limitations?

Performance Testing

60.2125

How do I conduct the initial and annual performance test?

60.2130

How are the performance test data used?

Initial Compliance Requirements

60.2135

How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limitations and establish the operating limits?

60.2140

By what date must I conduct the initial performance test?

60.2141

By what date must I conduct the initial air pollution control device inspection?

Continuous Compliance Requirements

60.2145

How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emission limitations and the operating limits?

60.2150

By what date must I conduct the annual performance test?

60.2151

By what date must I conduct the annual air pollution control device inspection?

60.2155

May I conduct performance testing less often?

60.2160

May I conduct a repeat performance test to establish new operating limits?

Monitoring

60.2165

What monitoring equipment must I install and what parameters must I monitor?

60.2170

Is there a minimum amount of monitoring data I must obtain?

Recordkeeping and Reporting

60.2175

What records must I keep?

60.2180

Where and in what format must I keep my records?

60.2185

What reports must I submit?

60.2190

What must I submit prior to commencing construction?

60.2195

What information must I submit prior to initial startup?

60.2200

What information must I submit following my initial performance test?

60.2205

When must I submit my annual report?

60.2210

What information must I include in my annual report?

60.2215

What else must I report if I have a deviation from the operating limits or the emission limitations?

60.2220

What must I include in the deviation report?

60.2225

What else must I report if I have a deviation from the requirement to have a qualified operator accessible?

60.2230

Are there any other notifications or reports that I must submit?

60.2235

In what form can I submit my reports?

60.2240

Can reporting dates be changed?

Title V Operating Permits

60.2242

Am I required to apply for and obtain a Title V operating permit for my unit?

Air Curtain Incinerators

60.2245

What is an air curtain incinerator?

60.2250

What are the emission limitations for air curtain incinerators?

60.2255

How must I monitor opacity for air curtain incinerators?

60.2260

What are the recordkeeping and reporting requirements for air curtain incinerators?

Definitions

60.2265

What definitions must I know?

Tables to Subpart CCCC Table 1 to Subpart CCCC of Part 60—Emission Limitations for Incinerators for Which Construction Is Commenced After November 30, 1999, But No Later Than June 4, 2010, or for Which Modification or Reconstruction Is Commenced on or After June 1, 2001, But No Later Than August 7, 2013 Table 2 to Subpart CCCC of Part 60—Operating Limits for Wet Scrubbers Table 3 to Subpart CCCC of Part 60—Toxic Equivalency Factors Table 4 to Subpart CCCC of Part 60—Summary of Reporting Requirements Table 5 to Subpart CCCC of Part 60—Emission Limitations for Incinerators That Commenced Construction After June 4, 2010, or That Commenced Reconstruction or Modification After August 7, 2013 Table 6 to Subpart CCCC of Part 60—Emission Limitations for Energy Recovery Units That Commenced Construction After June 4, 2010, or That Commenced Reconstruction or Modification After August 7, 2013 Table 7 to Subpart CCCC of Part 60—Emission Limitations for Waste-burning Kilns That Commenced Construction After June 4, 2010, or Reconstruction or Modification After August 7, 2013 Table 8 to Subpart CCCC of Part 60—Emission Limitations for Small, Remote Incinerators That Commenced Construction After June 4, 2010, or That Commenced Reconstruction or Modification After August 7, 2013

Subpart CCCC—Standards of Performance for Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units

Introduction

§ 60.2000

What does this subpart do?

This subpart establishes new source performance standards for commercial and industrial solid waste incineration (CISWI) units.

§ 60.2005

When does this subpart become effective?

This subpart takes effect on August 7, 2013. Some of the requirements in this subpart apply to planning the CISWI unit (i.e., the preconstruction requirements in §§ 60.2045 and 60.2050). Other requirements such as the emission limitations and operating limits apply after the CISWI unit begins operation.

Applicability

§ 60.2010

Does this subpart apply to my incineration unit?

Yes, if your incineration unit meets all the requirements specified in paragraphs (a) through (c) of this section:

(a) Your incineration unit is a new incineration unit as defined in § 60.2015;

(b) Your incineration unit is a CISWI unit as defined in § 60.2265; and

(c) Your incineration unit is not exempt under § 60.2020.

§ 60.2015

What is a new incineration unit?

(a) A new incineration unit is an incineration unit that meets any of the criteria specified in paragraphs (a)(1) through (3) of this section:

(1) A CISWI unit that commenced construction after June 4, 2010;

(2) A CISWI unit that commenced reconstruction or modification after August 7, 2013; and

(3) Incinerators and air curtain incinerators, as defined in this subpart, that commenced construction after November 30, 1999, but no later than June 4, 2010, or that commenced reconstruction or modification on or after June 1, 2001, but no later than August 7, 2013, are considered new incineration units and remain subject to the applicable requirements of this subpart until the units become subject to the requirements of an approved state plan or federal plan that implements subpart DDDD of this part (Emission Guidelines and Compliance Times for Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units).

(b) This subpart does not affect your CISWI unit if you make physical or operational changes to your incineration unit primarily to comply with subpart DDDD of this part (Emission Guidelines and Compliance Times for Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units). Such changes do not qualify as reconstruction or modification under this subpart.

§ 60.2020

What combustion units are exempt from this subpart?

This subpart exempts the types of units described in paragraphs (a), (c) through (i), and (n) of this section, but some units are required to provide notifications. Air curtain incinerators are exempt from the requirements in this subpart except for the provisions in §§ 60.2242, 60.2250, and 60.2260.

(a) Pathological waste incineration units. Incineration units burning 90 percent or more by weight (on a calendar quarter basis and excluding the weight of auxiliary fuel and combustion air) of pathological waste, low-level radioactive waste, and/or chemotherapeutic waste as defined in § 60.2265 are not subject to this subpart if you meet the two requirements specified in paragraphs (a)(1) and (2) of this section:

(1) Notify the Administrator that the unit meets these criteria; and

(2) Keep records on a calendar quarter basis of the weight of pathological waste, low-level radioactive waste, and/or chemotherapeutic waste burned, and the weight of all other fuels and wastes burned in the unit.

(b) [Reserved]

(c) Municipal waste combustion units. Incineration units that are subject to subpart Ea of this part (Standards of Performance for Municipal Waste Combustors); subpart Eb of this part (Standards of Performance for Large Municipal Waste Combustors); subpart Cb of this part (Emission Guidelines and Compliance Time for Large Municipal Combustors); subpart AAAA of this part (Standards of Performance for Small Municipal Waste Combustion Units); or subpart BBBB of this part (Emission Guidelines for Small Municipal Waste Combustion Units).

(d) Medical waste incineration units. Incineration units regulated under subpart Ec of this part (Standards of Performance for Hospital/Medical/Infectious Waste Incinerators for Which Construction is Commenced After June 20, 1996) or subpart Ce of this part (Emission Guidelines and Compliance Times for Hospital/Medical/Infectious Waste Incinerators).

(e) Small power production facilities. Units that meet the three requirements specified in paragraphs (e)(1) through (4) of this section:

(1) The unit qualifies as a small power-production facility under section 3(17)(C) of the Federal Power Act (16 U.S.C. 796(17)(C));

(2) The unit burns homogeneous waste (not including refuse-derived fuel) to produce electricity;

(3) You submit documentation to the Administrator notifying the EPA that the qualifying small power production facility is combusting homogenous waste; and

(4) You maintain the records specified in § 60.2175(w).

(f) Cogeneration facilities. Units that meet the three requirements specified in paragraphs (f)(1) through (4) of this section:

(1) The unit qualifies as a cogeneration facility under section 3(18)(B) of the Federal Power Act (16 U.S.C. 796(18)(B));

(2) The unit burns homogeneous waste (not including refuse-derived fuel) to produce electricity and steam or other forms of energy used for industrial, commercial, heating, or cooling purposes;

(3) You submit documentation to the Administrator notifying the Agency that the qualifying cogeneration facility is combusting homogenous waste; and

(4) You maintain the records specified in § 60.2175(x).

(g) Hazardous waste combustion units. Units for which you are required to get a permit under section 3005 of the Solid Waste Disposal Act.

(h) Materials recovery units. Units that combust waste for the primary purpose of recovering metals, such as primary and secondary smelters.

(i) Air curtain incinerators. Air curtain incinerators that burn only the materials listed in paragraphs (i)(1) through (3) of this section are only required to meet the requirements under § 60.2242 and under “Air Curtain Incinerators” (§§ 60.2245 through 60.2260):

(1) 100 percent wood waste;

(2) 100 percent clean lumber; and

(3) 100 percent mixture of only wood waste, clean lumber, and/or yard waste.

(j)-(l) [Reserved]

(m) Sewage treatment plants. Incineration units regulated under subpart O of this part (Standards of Performance for Sewage Treatment Plants).

(n) Sewage sludge incineration units. Incineration units combusting sewage sludge for the purpose of reducing the volume of the sewage sludge by removing combustible matter that are subject to subpart LLLL of this part (Standards of Performance for New Sewage Sludge Incineration Units) or subpart MMMM of this part (Emission Guidelines and Compliance Times for Existing Sewage Sludge Incineration Units).

(o) Other solid waste incineration units. Incineration units that are subject to subpart EEEE of this part (Standards of Performance for Other Solid Waste Incineration Units for Which Construction is Commenced After December 9, 2004, or for Which Modification or Reconstruction is Commenced on or After June 16, 2006) or subpart FFFF of this part (Emission Guidelines and Compliance Times for Other Solid Waste Incineration Units That Commenced Construction On or Before December 9, 2004).

§ 60.2030

Who implements and enforces this subpart?

(a) This subpart can be implemented and enforced by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), or a delegated authority such as your state, local, or tribal agency. If the EPA Administrator has delegated authority to your state, local, or tribal agency, then that agency (as well as EPA) has the authority to implement and enforce this subpart. You should contact your EPA Regional Office to find out if this subpart is delegated to your state, local, or tribal agency.

(b) In delegating implementation and enforcement authority of this subpart to a state, local, or tribal agency, the authorities contained in paragraph (c) of this section are retained by the EPA Administrator and are not transferred to the state, local, or tribal agency.

(c) The authorities that will not be delegated to state, local, or tribal agencies are specified in paragraphs (c)(1) through (4) and (c)(6) through (11) of this section:

(1) Approval of alternatives to the emission limitations in table 1 of this subpart and operating limits established under § 60.2110;

(2) Approval of major alternatives to test methods;

(3) Approval of major alternatives to monitoring;

(4) Approval of major alternatives to recordkeeping and reporting;

(5) [Reserved]

(6) The requirements in § 60.2115;

(7) The requirements in § 60.2100(b)(2);

(8) Approval of alternative opacity emission limits in § 60.2105 under § 60.11(e)(6) through (8);

(9) Performance test and data reduction waivers under § 60.2125(j), § 60.8(b)(4) and (5);

(10) Determination of whether a qualifying small power production facility or cogeneration facility under § 60.2020(e) or (f) is combusting homogenous waste; and

(11) Approval of an alternative to any electronic reporting to the EPA required by this subpart.

§ 60.2035

How are these new source performance standards structured?

These new source performance standards contain the eleven major components listed in paragraphs (a) through (k) of this section:

(a) Preconstruction siting analysis;

(b) Waste management plan;

(c) Operator training and qualification;

(d) Emission limitations and operating limits;

(e) Performance testing;

(f) Initial compliance requirements;

(g) Continuous compliance requirements;

(h) Monitoring;

(i) Recordkeeping and reporting;

(j) Definitions; and

(k) Tables.

§ 60.2040

Do all eleven components of these new source performance standards apply at the same time?

No. You must meet the preconstruction siting analysis and waste management plan requirements before you commence construction of the CISWI unit. The operator training and qualification, emission limitations, operating limits, performance testing and compliance, monitoring, and most recordkeeping and reporting requirements are met after the CISWI unit begins operation.

Preconstruction Siting Analysis

§ 60.2045

Who must prepare a siting analysis?

(a) You must prepare a siting analysis if you plan to commence construction of an incinerator after December 1, 2000.

(b) You must prepare a siting analysis for CISWI units that commenced construction after June 4, 2010, or that commenced reconstruction or modification after August 7, 2013.

(c) You must prepare a siting analysis if you are required to submit an initial application for a construction permit under 40 CFR part 51, subpart I, or 40 CFR part 52, as applicable, for the reconstruction or modification of your CISWI unit.

§ 60.2050

What is a siting analysis?

(a) The siting analysis must consider air pollution control alternatives that minimize, on a site-specific basis, to the maximum extent practicable, potential risks to public health or the environment. In considering such alternatives, the analysis may consider costs, energy impacts, nonair environmental impacts, or any other factors related to the practicability of the alternatives.

(b) Analyses of your CISWI unit's impacts that are prepared to comply with state, local, or other federal regulatory requirements may be used to satisfy the requirements of this section, provided they include the consideration of air pollution control alternatives specified in paragraph (a) of this section.

(c) You must complete and submit the siting requirements of this section as required under § 60.2190(c) prior to commencing construction.

Waste Management Plan

§ 60.2055

What is a waste management plan?

A waste management plan is a written plan that identifies both the feasibility and the methods used to reduce or separate certain components of solid waste from the waste stream in order to reduce or eliminate toxic emissions from incinerated waste.

§ 60.2060

When must I submit my waste management plan?

(a) You must submit a waste management plan prior to commencing construction.

(b) For CISWI units that commence reconstruction or modification after August 7, 2013, you must submit a waste management plan prior to the commencement of modification or reconstruction.

§ 60.2065

What should I include in my waste management plan?

A waste management plan must include consideration of the reduction or separation of waste-stream elements such as paper, cardboard, plastics, glass, batteries, or metals; or the use of recyclable materials. The plan must identify any additional waste management measures and implement those measures the source considers practical and feasible, considering the effectiveness of waste management measures already in place, the costs of additional measures, the emissions reductions expected to be achieved, and any other environmental or energy impacts they might have.

Operator Training and Qualification

§ 60.2070

What are the operator training and qualification requirements?

(a) No CISWI unit can be operated unless a fully trained and qualified CISWI unit operator is accessible, either at the facility or can be at the facility within 1 hour. The trained and qualified CISWI unit operator may operate the CISWI unit directly or be the direct supervisor of one or more other plant personnel who operate the unit. If all qualified CISWI unit operators are temporarily not accessible, you must follow the procedures in § 60.2100.

(b) Operator training and qualification must be obtained through a state-approved program or by completing the requirements included in paragraph (c) of this section.

(c) Training must be obtained by completing an incinerator operator training course that includes, at a minimum, the three elements described in paragraphs (c)(1) through (3) of this section:

(1) Training on the eleven subjects listed in paragraphs (c)(1)(i) through (xi) of this section;

(i) Environmental concerns, including types of emissions;

(ii) Basic combustion principles, including products of combustion;

(iii) Operation of the specific type of incinerator to be used by the operator, including proper startup, waste charging, and shutdown procedures;

(iv) Combustion controls and monitoring;

(v) Operation of air pollution control equipment and factors affecting performance (if applicable);

(vi) Inspection and maintenance of the incinerator and air pollution control devices;

(vii) Actions to prevent and correct malfunctions or to prevent conditions that may lead to malfunctions;

(viii) Bottom and fly ash characteristics and handling procedures;

(ix) Applicable federal, state, and local regulations, including Occupational Safety and Health Administration workplace standards;

(x) Pollution prevention; and

(xi) Waste management practices.

(2) An examination designed and administered by the instructor.

(3) Written material covering the training course topics that may serve as reference material following completion of the course.

§ 60.2075

When must the operator training course be completed?

The operator training course must be completed by the later of the three dates specified in paragraphs (a) through (c) of this section:

(a) Six months after your CISWI unit startup;

(b) December 3, 2001; and

(c) The date before an employee assumes responsibility for operating the CISWI unit or assumes responsibility for supervising the operation of the CISWI unit.

§ 60.2080

How do I obtain my operator qualification?

(a) You must obtain operator qualification by completing a training course that satisfies the criteria under § 60.2070(b).

(b) Qualification is valid from the date on which the training course is completed and the operator successfully passes the examination required under § 60.2070(c)(2).

§ 60.2085

How do I maintain my operator qualification?

To maintain qualification, you must complete an annual review or refresher course covering, at a minimum, the five topics described in paragraphs (a) through (e) of this section:

(a) Update of regulations;

(b) Incinerator operation, including startup and shutdown procedures, waste charging, and ash handling;

(c) Inspection and maintenance;

(d) Prevention and correction of malfunctions or conditions that may lead to malfunction; and

(e) Discussion of operating problems encountered by attendees.

§ 60.2090

How do I renew my lapsed operator qualification?

You must renew a lapsed operator qualification by one of the two methods specified in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section:

(a) For a lapse of less than 3 years, you must complete a standard annual refresher course described in § 60.2085; and

(b) For a lapse of 3 years or more, you must repeat the initial qualification requirements in § 60.2080(a).

§ 60.2095

What site-specific documentation is required?

(a) Documentation must be available at the facility and readily accessible for all CISWI unit operators that addresses the ten topics described in paragraphs (a)(1) through (10) of this section. You must maintain this information and the training records required by paragraph (c) of this section in a manner that they can be readily accessed and are suitable for inspection upon request:

(1) Summary of the applicable standards under this subpart;

(2) Procedures for receiving, handling, and charging waste;

(3) Incinerator startup, shutdown, and malfunction procedures;

(4) Procedures for maintaining proper combustion air supply levels;

(5) Procedures for operating the incinerator and associated air pollution control systems within the standards established under this subpart;

(6) Monitoring procedures for demonstrating compliance with the incinerator operating limits;

(7) Reporting and recordkeeping procedures;

(8) The waste management plan required under §§ 60.2055 through 60.2065;

(9) Procedures for handling ash; and

(10) A list of the wastes burned during the performance test.

(b) You must establish a program for reviewing the information listed in paragraph (a) of this section with each incinerator operator:

(1) The initial review of the information listed in paragraph (a) of this section must be conducted within 6 months after the effective date of this subpart or prior to an employee's assumption of responsibilities for operation of the CISWI unit, whichever date is later; and

(2) Subsequent annual reviews of the information listed in paragraph (a) of this section must be conducted not later than 12 months following the previous review.

(c) You must also maintain the information specified in paragraphs (c)(1) through (3) of this section:

(1) Records showing the names of CISWI unit operators who have completed review of the information in § 60.2095(a) as required by § 60.2095(b), including the date of the initial review and all subsequent annual reviews;

(2) Records showing the names of the CISWI operators who have completed the operator training requirements under § 60.2070, met the criteria for qualification under § 60.2080, and maintained or renewed their qualification under § 60.2085 or § 60.2090. Records must include documentation of training, the dates of the initial and refresher training, and the dates of their qualification and all subsequent renewals of such qualifications; and

(3) For each qualified operator, the phone and/or pager number at which they can be reached during operating hours.

§ 60.2100

What if all the qualified operators are temporarily not accessible?

If all qualified operators are temporarily not accessible (i.e., not at the facility and not able to be at the facility within 1 hour), you must meet one of the two criteria specified in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section, depending on the length of time that a qualified operator is not accessible:

(a) When all qualified operators are not accessible for more than 8 hours, but less than 2 weeks, the CISWI unit may be operated by other plant personnel familiar with the operation of the CISWI unit who have completed a review of the information specified in § 60.2095(a) within the past 12 months. However, you must record the period when all qualified operators were not accessible and include this deviation in the annual report as specified under § 60.2210; and

(b) When all qualified operators are not accessible for 2 weeks or more, you must take the two actions that are described in paragraphs (b)(1) and (2) of this section:

(1) Notify the Administrator of this deviation in writing within 10 days. In the notice, state what caused this deviation, what you are doing to ensure that a qualified operator is accessible, and when you anticipate that a qualified operator will be accessible; and

(2) Submit a status report to the Administrator every 4 weeks outlining what you are doing to ensure that a qualified operator is accessible, stating when you anticipate that a qualified operator will be accessible and requesting approval from the Administrator to continue operation of the CISWI unit. You must submit the first status report 4 weeks after you notify the Administrator of the deviation under paragraph (b)(1) of this section. If the Administrator notifies you that your request to continue operation of the CISWI unit is disapproved, the CISWI unit may continue operation for 90 days, then must cease operation. Operation of the unit may resume if you meet the two requirements in paragraphs (b)(2)(i) and (ii) of this section:

(i) A qualified operator is accessible as required under § 60.2070(a); and

(ii) You notify the Administrator that a qualified operator is accessible and that you are resuming operation.

Emission Limitations and Operating Limits

§ 60.2105

What emission limitations must I meet and by when?

(a) You must meet the emission limitations for each CISWI unit, including bypass stack or vent, specified in table 1 of this subpart or tables 5 through 8 of this subpart by the applicable date in § 60.2140. You must be in compliance with the emission limitations of this subpart that apply to you at all times.

(b) An incinerator or air curtain incinerator that commenced construction after November 30, 1999, but no later than June 4, 2010, or that commenced reconstruction or modification on or after June 1, 2001 but no later than August 7, 2013, must continue to meet the emission limits in table 1 of this subpart for units in the incinerator subcategory and § 60.2250 for air curtain incinerators until the units become subject to the requirements of an approved state plan or federal plan that implements subpart DDDD of this part (Emission Guidelines and Compliance Times for Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units).

§ 60.2110

What operating limits must I meet and by when?

(a) If you use a wet scrubber(s) to comply with the emission limitations, you must establish operating limits for up to four operating parameters (as specified in table 2 of this subpart) as described in paragraphs (a)(1) through (4) of this section during the initial performance test:

(1) Maximum charge rate, calculated using one of the two different procedures in paragraph (a)(1)(i) or (ii) of this section, as appropriate:

(i) For continuous and intermittent units, maximum charge rate is 110 percent of the average charge rate measured during the most recent performance test demonstrating compliance with all applicable emission limitations; and

(ii) For batch units, maximum charge rate is 110 percent of the daily charge rate measured during the most recent performance test demonstrating compliance with all applicable emission limitations.

(2) Minimum pressure drop across the wet particulate matter scrubber, which is calculated as the lowest 1-hour average pressure drop across the wet scrubber measured during the most recent performance test demonstrating compliance with the particulate matter emission limitations; or minimum amperage to the wet scrubber, which is calculated as the lowest 1-hour average amperage to the wet scrubber measured during the most recent performance test demonstrating compliance with the particulate matter emission limitations;

(3) Minimum scrubber liquid flow rate, which is calculated as the lowest 1-hour average liquid flow rate at the inlet to the wet acid gas or particulate matter scrubber measured during the most recent performance test demonstrating compliance with all applicable emission limitations; and

(4) Minimum scrubber liquor pH, which is calculated as the lowest 1-hour average liquor pH at the inlet to the wet acid gas scrubber measured during the most recent performance test demonstrating compliance with the HCl emission limitation.

(b) You must meet the operating limits established during the initial performance test 60 days after your CISWI unit reaches the charge rate at which it will operate, but no later than 180 days after its initial startup.

(c) If you use a fabric filter to comply with the emission limitations and you do not use a PM CPMS for monitoring PM compliance, you must operate each fabric filter system such that the bag leak detection system alarm does not sound more than 5 percent of the operating time during a 6-month period. In calculating this operating time percentage, if inspection of the fabric filter demonstrates that no corrective action is required, no alarm time is counted. If corrective action is required, each alarm shall be counted as a minimum of 1 hour. If you take longer than 1 hour to initiate corrective action, the alarm time shall be counted as the actual amount of time taken by you to initiate corrective action.

(d) If you use an electrostatic precipitator to comply with the emission limitations and you do not use a PM CPMS for monitoring PM compliance, you must measure the (secondary) voltage and amperage of the electrostatic precipitator collection plates during the particulate matter performance test. Calculate the average electric power value (secondary voltage × secondary current = secondary electric power) for each test run. The operating limit for the electrostatic precipitator is calculated as the lowest 1-hour average secondary electric power measured during the most recent performance test demonstrating compliance with the particulate matter emission limitations.

(e) If you use activated carbon sorbent injection to comply with the emission limitations, you must measure the sorbent flow rate during the performance testing. The operating limit for the carbon sorbent injection is calculated as the lowest 1-hour average sorbent flow rate measured during the most recent performance test demonstrating compliance with the mercury emission limitations. For energy recovery units, when your unit operates at lower loads, multiply your sorbent injection rate by the load fraction, as defined in this subpart, to determine the required injection rate (e.g., for 50 percent load, multiply the injection rate operating limit by 0.5).

(f) If you use selective noncatalytic reduction to comply with the emission limitations, you must measure the charge rate, the secondary chamber temperature (if applicable to your CISWI unit), and the reagent flow rate during the nitrogen oxides performance testing. The operating limits for the selective noncatalytic reduction are calculated as the highest 1-hour average charge rate, lower secondary chamber temperature, and lowest reagent flow rate measured during the most recent performance test demonstrating compliance with the nitrogen oxides emission limitations.

(g) If you use a dry scrubber to comply with the emission limitations, you must measure the injection rate of each sorbent during the performance testing. The operating limit for the injection rate of each sorbent is calculated as the lowest 1-hour average injection rate or each sorbent measured during the most recent performance test demonstrating compliance with the hydrogen chloride emission limitations. For energy recovery units, when your unit operates at lower loads, multiply your sorbent injection rate by the load fraction, as defined in this subpart, to determine the required injection rate (e.g., for 50 percent load, multiply the injection rate operating limit by 0.5).

(h) If you do not use a wet scrubber, electrostatic precipitator, or fabric filter to comply with the emission limitations, and if you do not determine compliance with your particulate matter emission limitation with either a particulate matter CEMS or a particulate matter CPMS, you must maintain opacity to less than or equal to 10 percent opacity (1-hour block average).

(i) If you use a PM CPMS to demonstrate compliance, you must establish your PM CPMS operating limit and determine compliance with it according to paragraphs (i)(1) through (5) of this section:

(1) Determine your operating limit as the average PM CPMS output value recorded during the performance test or at a PM CPMS output value corresponding to 75 percent of the emission limit if your PM performance test demonstrates compliance below 75 percent of the emission limit. You must verify an existing or establish a new operating limit after each repeated performance test. You must repeat the performance test annually and reassess and adjust the site-specific operating limit in accordance with the results of the performance test:

(i) Your PM CPMS must provide a 4-20 milliamp output, or digital equivalent, and the establishment of its relationship to manual reference method measurements must be determined in units of milliamps;

(ii) Your PM CPMS operating range must be capable of reading PM concentrations from zero to a level equivalent to at least two times your allowable emission limit. If your PM CPMS is an auto-ranging instrument capable of multiple scales, the primary range of the instrument must be capable of reading PM concentration from zero to a level equivalent to two times your allowable emission limit; and

(iii) During the initial performance test or any such subsequent performance test that demonstrates compliance with the PM limit, record and average all milliamp output values, or their digital equivalent, from the PM CPMS for the periods corresponding to the compliance test runs (e.g., average all your PM CPMS output values for three corresponding 2-hour Method 5I test runs).

(2) If the average of your three PM performance test runs are below 75 percent of your PM emission limit, you must calculate an operating limit by establishing a relationship of PM CPMS signal to PM concentration using the PM CPMS instrument zero, the average PM CPMS output values corresponding to the three compliance test runs, and the average PM concentration from the Method 5 or performance test with the procedures in (i)(1) through (5) of this section:

(i) Determine your instrument zero output with one of the following procedures:

(A) Zero point data for in-situ instruments should be obtained by removing the instrument from the stack and monitoring ambient air on a test bench;

(B) Zero point data for extractive instruments should be obtained by removing the extractive probe from the stack and drawing in clean ambient air;

(C) The zero point can also can be established obtained by performing manual reference method measurements when the flue gas is free of PM emissions or contains very low PM concentrations (e.g., when your process is not operating, but the fans are operating or your source is combusting only natural gas) and plotting these with the compliance data to find the zero intercept; and

(D) If none of the steps in paragraphs (i)(2)(i)(A) through (C) of this section are possible, you must use a zero output value provided by the manufacturer.

(ii) Determine your PM CPMS instrument average in milliamps, or the digital equivalent, and the average of your corresponding three PM compliance test runs, using equation 1:

Where:

X₁ = the PM CPMS output data points for the three runs constituting the performance test,

Y₁ = the PM concentration value for the three runs constituting the performance test, and

n = the number of data points.

(iii) With your instrument zero expressed in milliamps, or the digital equivalent, your three run average PM CPMS milliamp value, or its digital equivalent, and your three run average PM concentration from your three compliance tests, determine a relationship of mg/dscm per milliamp or digital signal equivalent with equation 2:

Where:

R = the relative mg/dscm per milliamp or digital equivalent for your PM CPMS,

Y₁ = the three run average mg/dscm PM concentration,

X₁ = the three run average milliamp or digital signal output from you PM CPMS, and

z = the milliamp or digital signal equivalent of your instrument zero determined from paragraph (2)(i) of this section.

(iv) Determine your source specific 30-day rolling average operating limit using the mg/dscm per milliamp or digital value from equation 2 in equation 3, below. This sets your operating limit at the PM CPMS output value corresponding to 75 percent of your emission limit:

Where:

O_l = the operating limit for your PM CPMS on a 30-day rolling average, in milliamps or their digital signal equivalent,

L = your source emission limit expressed in mg/dscm,

z = your instrument zero in milliamps or the digital equivalent, determined from paragraph (2)(i) of this secction, and

R = the relative mg/dscm per milliamp or digital signal output equivalent for your PM CPMS, from equation 2.

(3) If the average of your three PM compliance test runs is at or above 75 percent of your PM emission limit you must determine your operating limit by averaging the PM CPMS milliamp or digital signal output corresponding to your three PM performance test runs that demonstrate compliance with the emission limit using equation 4 and you must submit all compliance test and PM CPMS data according to the reporting requirements in paragraph (i)(5) of this section:

Where:

X₁ = the PM CPMS data points for all runs i,

n = the number of data points, and

O_h = your site specific operating limit, in milliamps or digital signal equivalent.

(4) To determine continuous compliance, you must record the PM CPMS output data for all periods when the process is operating and the PM CPMS is not out-of-control. You must demonstrate continuous compliance by using all quality-assured hourly average data collected by the PM CPMS for all operating hours to calculate the arithmetic average operating parameter in units of the operating limit (e.g., milliamps or digital signal bits, PM concentration, raw data signal) on a 30-day rolling average basis.

(5) For PM performance test reports used to set a PM CPMS operating limit, the electronic submission of the test report must also include the make and model of the PM CPMS instrument, serial number of the instrument, analytical principle of the instrument (e.g., beta attenuation), span of the instruments primary analytical range, milliamp or digital signal value equivalent to the instrument zero output, technique by which this zero value was determined, and the average milliamp or digital signals corresponding to each PM compliance test run.

§ 60.2115

What if I do not use a wet scrubber, fabric filter, activated carbon injection, selective noncatalytic reduction, an electrostatic precipitator, or a dry scrubber to comply with the emission limitations?

If you use an air pollution control device other than a wet scrubber, activated carbon injection, selective noncatalytic reduction, fabric filter, an electrostatic precipitator, or a dry scrubber or limit emissions in some other manner, including material balances, to comply with the emission limitations under § 60.2105, you must petition the EPA Administrator for specific operating limits to be established during the initial performance test and continuously monitored thereafter. You must submit the petition at least sixty days before the performance test is scheduled to begin. Your petition must include the five items listed in paragraphs (a) through (e) of this section:

(a) Identification of the specific parameters you propose to use as additional operating limits;

(b) A discussion of the relationship between these parameters and emissions of regulated pollutants, identifying how emissions of regulated pollutants change with changes in these parameters and how limits on these parameters will serve to limit emissions of regulated pollutants;

(c) A discussion of how you will establish the upper and/or lower values for these parameters which will establish the operating limits on these parameters;

(d) A discussion identifying the methods you will use to measure and the instruments you will use to monitor these parameters, as well as the relative accuracy and precision of these methods and instruments; and

(e) A discussion identifying the frequency and methods for recalibrating the instruments you will use for monitoring these parameters.

Performance Testing

§ 60.2125

How do I conduct the initial and annual performance test?

(a) All performance tests must consist of a minimum of three test runs conducted under conditions representative of normal operations.

(b) You must document that the waste burned during the performance test is representative of the waste burned under normal operating conditions by maintaining a log of the quantity of waste burned (as required in § 60.2175(b)(1)) and the types of waste burned during the performance test.

(c) All performance tests must be conducted using the minimum run duration specified in table 1 of this subpart or tables 5 through 8 of this subpart.

(d) Method 1 of appendix A of this part must be used to select the sampling location and number of traverse points.

(e) Method 3A or 3B of appendix A of this part must be used for gas composition analysis, including measurement of oxygen concentration. Method 3A or 3B of appendix A of this part must be used simultaneously with each method.

(f) All pollutant concentrations, except for opacity, must be adjusted to 7 percent oxygen using equation 5 of this section:

Where:

C_adj = pollutant concentration adjusted to 7 percent oxygen;

C_meas = pollutant concentration measured on a dry basis;

(20.9-7) = 20.9 percent oxygen-7 percent oxygen (defined oxygen correction basis);

20.9 = oxygen concentration in air, percent; and

%O₂ = oxygen concentration measured on a dry basis, percent.

(g) You must determine dioxins/furans toxic equivalency by following the procedures in paragraphs (g)(1) through (4) of this section:

(1) Measure the concentration of each dioxin/furan tetra-through octa-chlorinated isomer emitted using EPA Method 23 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-7;

(2) Quantify isomers meeting identification criteria 2, 3, 4, and 5 in Section 5.3.2.5 of Method 23, regardless of whether the isomers meet identification criteria 1 and 7. You must quantify the isomers per Section 9.0 of Method 23. (Note: You may reanalyze the sample aliquot or split to reduce the number of isomers not meeting identification criteria 1 or 7 of Section 5.3.2.5.);

(3) For each dioxin/furan (tetra-through octa-chlorinated) isomer measured in accordance with paragraphs (g)(1) and (2) of this section, multiply the isomer concentration by its corresponding toxic equivalency factor specified in table 3 of this subpart; and

(4) Sum the products calculated in accordance with paragraph (g)(3) of this section to obtain the total concentration of dioxins/furans emitted in terms of toxic equivalency.

(h) Method 22 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-7 of this part must be used to determine compliance with the fugitive ash emission limit in table 1 of this subpart or tables 5 through 8 of this subpart.

(i) If you have an applicable opacity operating limit, you must determine compliance with the opacity limit using Method 9 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-4, based on three 1-hour blocks consisting of ten 6-minute average opacity values, unless you are required to install a continuous opacity monitoring system, consistent with §§ 60.2145 and 60.2165.

(j) You must determine dioxins/furans total mass basis by following the procedures in paragraphs (j)(1) through (3) of this section:

(1) Measure the concentration of each dioxin/furan tetra-through octa-chlorinated isomer emitted using EPA Method 23 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-7;

(2) Quantify isomers meeting identification criteria 2, 3, 4, and 5 in Section 5.3.2.5 of Method 23, regardless of whether the isomers meet identification criteria 1 and 7. You must quantify the isomers per Section 9.0 of Method 23. (Note: You may reanalyze the sample aliquot or split to reduce the number of isomers not meeting identification criteria 1 or 7 of Section 5.3.2.5.); and

(3) Sum the quantities measured in accordance with paragraphs (j)(1) and (2) of this section to obtain the total concentration of dioxins/furans emitted in terms of total mass basis.

§ 60.2130

How are the performance test data used?

You use results of performance tests to demonstrate compliance with the emission limitations in table 1 of this subpart or tables 5 through 8 of this subpart.

Initial Compliance Requirements

§ 60.2135

How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limitations and establish the operating limits?

You must conduct a performance test, as required under §§ 60.2125 and 60.2105 to determine compliance with the emission limitations in table 1 of this subpart or tables 5 through 8 of this subpart, to establish compliance with any opacity operating limit in § 60.2110, to establish the kiln-specific emission limit in § 60.2145(y), as applicable, and to establish operating limits using the procedures in §§ 60.2110 or 60.2115. The performance test must be conducted using the test methods listed in table 1 of this subpart or tables 5 through 8 of this subpart and the procedures in § 60.2125. The use of the bypass stack during a performance test shall invalidate the performance test. You must conduct a performance evaluation of each continuous monitoring system within 60 days of installation of the monitoring system.

§ 60.2140

By what date must I conduct the initial performance test?

(a) The initial performance test must be conducted within 60 days after your CISWI unit reaches the charge rate at which it will operate, but no later than 180 days after its initial startup.

(b) If you commence or recommence combusting a solid waste at an existing combustion unit at any commercial or industrial facility, and you conducted a test consistent with the provisions of this subpart while combusting the solid waste within the 6 months preceding the reintroduction of that solid waste in the combustion chamber, you do not need to retest until 6 months from the date you reintroduce that solid waste.

(c) If you commence or recommence combusting a solid waste at an existing combustion unit at any commercial or industrial facility and you have not conducted a performance test consistent with the provisions of this subpart while combusting the solid waste within the 6 months preceding the reintroduction of that solid waste in the combustion chamber, you must conduct a performance test within 60 days from the date you reintroduce that solid waste.

§ 60.2141

By what date must I conduct the initial air pollution control device inspection?

(a) The initial air pollution control device inspection must be conducted within 60 days after installation of the control device and the associated CISWI unit reaches the charge rate at which it will operate, but no later than 180 days after the device's initial startup.

(b) Within 10 operating days following an air pollution control device inspection, all necessary repairs must be completed unless the owner or operator obtains written approval from the state agency establishing a date whereby all necessary repairs of the designated facility must be completed.

Continuous Compliance Requirements

§ 60.2145

How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emission limitations and the operating limits?

(a) Compliance with standards. (1) The emission standards and operating requirements set forth in this subpart apply at all times;

(2) If you cease combusting solid waste, you may opt to remain subject to the provisions of this subpart. Consistent with the definition of CISWI unit, you are subject to the requirements of this subpart at least 6 months following the last date of solid waste combustion. Solid waste combustion is ceased when solid waste is not in the combustion chamber (i.e., the solid waste feed to the combustor has been cut off for a period of time not less than the solid waste residence time);

(3) If you cease combusting solid waste, you must be in compliance with any newly applicable standards on the effective date of the waste-to-fuel switch. The effective date of the waste-to-fuel switch is a date selected by you, that must be at least 6 months from the date that you ceased combusting solid waste, consistent with § 60.2145(a)(2). Your source must remain in compliance with this subpart until the effective date of the waste-to-fuel switch;

(4) If you own or operate an existing commercial or industrial combustion unit that combusted a fuel or non-waste material, and you commence or recommence combustion of solid waste, you are subject to the provisions of this subpart as of the first day you introduce or reintroduce solid waste to the combustion chamber, and this date constitutes the effective date of the fuel-to-waste switch. You must complete all initial compliance demonstrations for any section 112 standards that are applicable to your facility before you commence or recommence combustion of solid waste. You must provide 30 days prior notice of the effective date of the waste-to-fuel switch. The notification must identify:

(i) The name of the owner or operator of the CISWI unit, the location of the source, the emissions unit(s) that will cease burning solid waste, and the date of the notice;

(ii) The currently applicable subcategory under this subpart, and any 40 CFR part 63 subpart and subcategory that will be applicable after you cease combusting solid waste;

(iii) The fuel(s), non-waste material(s) and solid waste(s) the CISWI unit is currently combusting and has combusted over the past 6 months, and the fuel(s) or non-waste materials the unit will commence combusting;

(iv) The date on which you became subject to the currently applicable emission limits; and

(v) The date upon which you will cease combusting solid waste, and the date (if different) that you intend for any new requirements to become applicable (i.e., the effective date of the waste-to-fuel switch), consistent with paragraphs (a)(2) and (3) of this section.

(5) All air pollution control equipment necessary for compliance with any newly applicable emissions limits which apply as a result of the cessation or commencement or recommencement of combusting solid waste must be installed and operational as of the effective date of the waste-to-fuel, or fuel-to-waste switch.

(6) All monitoring systems necessary for compliance with any newly applicable monitoring requirements which apply as a result of the cessation or commencement or recommencement of combusting solid waste must be installed and operational as of the effective date of the waste-to-fuel, or fuel-to-waste switch. All calibration and drift checks must be performed as of the effective date of the waste-to-fuel, or fuel-to-waste switch. Relative accuracy tests must be performed as of the performance test deadline for PM CEMS (if PM CEMS are elected to demonstrate continuous compliance with the particulate matter emission limits). Relative accuracy testing for other CEMS need not be repeated if that testing was previously performed consistent with Clean Air Act section 112 monitoring requirements or monitoring requirements under this subpart.

(b) You must conduct an annual performance test for the pollutants listed in table 1 of this subpart or tables 5 through 8 of this subpart and opacity for each CISWI unit as required under § 60.2125. The annual performance test must be conducted using the test methods listed in table 1 of this subpart or tables 5 through 8 of this subpart and the procedures in § 60.2125. Annual performance tests are not required if you use CEMS or continuous opacity monitoring systems to determine compliance.

(c) You must continuously monitor the operating parameters specified in § 60.2110 or established under § 60.2115 and as specified in § 60.2170. Use 3-hour block average values to determine compliance (except for baghouse leak detection system alarms) unless a different averaging period is established under § 60.2115 or, for energy recovery units, where the averaging time for each operating parameter is a 30-day rolling, calculated each hour as the average of the previous 720 operating hours. Operation above the established maximum, below the established minimum, or outside the allowable range of operating limits specified in paragraph (a) of this section constitutes a deviation from your operating limits established under this subpart, except during performance tests conducted to determine compliance with the emission and operating limits or to establish new operating limits. Operating limits are confirmed or reestablished during performance tests.

(d) You must burn only the same types of waste and fuels used to establish subcategory applicability (for energy recovery units) and operating limits during the performance test.

(e) For energy recovery units, incinerators, and small remote units, you must perform an annual visual emissions test for ash handling.

(f) For energy recovery units, you must conduct an annual performance test for opacity (except where particulate matter CEMS or continuous opacity monitoring systems are used are used) and the pollutants listed in table 6 of this subpart.

(g) You may elect to demonstrate continuous compliance with the carbon monoxide emission limit using a carbon monoxide CEMS according to the following requirements:

(1) You must measure emissions according to § 60.13 to calculate 1-hour arithmetic averages, corrected to 7 percent oxygen. CEMS data during startup and shutdown, as defined in this subpart, are not corrected to 7 percent oxygen, and are measured at stack oxygen content. You must demonstrate initial compliance with the carbon monoxide emissions limit using a 30-day rolling average of these 1-hour arithmetic average emission concentrations, including CEMS data during startup and shutdown as defined in this subpart, calculated using equation 19-19 in section 12.4.1 of EPA Reference Method 19 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-7 of this part; and

(2) Operate the carbon monoxide CEMS in accordance with the requirements of performance specification 4A of appendix B of this part and quality assurance procedure 1 of appendix F of this part.

(h) Coal and liquid/gas energy recovery units with average annual heat input rates greater than or equal to 250 MMBtu/hr may elect to demonstrate continuous compliance with the particulate matter emissions limit using a particulate matter CEMS according to the procedures in § 60.2165(n) instead of the particulate matter continuous parameter monitoring system (CPMS) specified in § 60.2145. Coal and liquid/gas energy recovery units with annual average heat input rates less than 250 MMBtu/hr, incinerators, and small remote incinerators may also elect to demonstrate compliance using a particulate matter CEMS according to the procedures in § 60.2165(n) instead of particulate matter testing with EPA Method 5 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-3 and, if applicable, the continuous opacity monitoring requirements in paragraph (i) of this section.

(i) For energy recovery units with annual average heat input rates greater than or equal to 10 MMBtu/hour and less than 250 MMBtu/hr, you must install, operate, certify and maintain a continuous opacity monitoring system (COMS) according to the procedures in § 60.2165.

(j) For waste-burning kilns, you must conduct an annual performance test for cadmium, lead, dioxins/furans and hydrogen chloride as listed in table 7 of this subpart. If you do not use an acid gas wet scrubber or dry scrubber, you must determine compliance with the hydrogen chloride emissions limit according to the requirements in paragraph (j)(1) of this section. You must determine compliance with the mercury emissions limit using a mercury CEMS according to paragraph (j)(2) of this section. You must determine compliance with nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, and carbon monoxide using CEMS. You must determine compliance with particulate matter using CPMS:

(1) If you monitor compliance with the HCl emissions limit by operating an HCl CEMS, you must do so in accordance with Performance Specification 15 (PS 15) of appendix B to 40 CFR part 60, or, PS 18 of appendix B to 40 CFR part 60. You must operate, maintain, and quality assure a HCl CEMS installed and certified under PS 15 according to the quality assurance requirements in Procedure 1 of appendix F to 40 CFR part 60 except that the Relative Accuracy Test Audit requirements of Procedure 1 must be replaced with the validation requirements and criteria of sections 11.1.1 and 12.0 of PS 15. You must operate, maintain and quality assure a HCl CEMS installed and certified under PS 18 according to the quality assurance requirements in Procedure 6 of appendix F to 40 CFR part 60. For any performance specification that you use, you must use Method 321 of appendix A to 40 CFR part 63 as the reference test method for conducting relative accuracy testing. The span value and calibration requirements in paragraphs (j)(1)(i) and (ii) of this section apply to all HCl CEMS used under this subpart:

(i) You must use a measurement span value for any HCl CEMS of 0-10 ppmvw unless the monitor is installed on a kiln without an inline raw mill. Kilns without an inline raw mill may use a higher span value sufficient to quantify all expected emissions concentrations. The HCl CEMS data recorder output range must include the full range of expected HCl concentration values which would include those expected during “mill off” conditions. The corresponding data recorder range shall be documented in the site-specific monitoring plan and associated records;

(ii) In order to quality assure data measured above the span value, you must use one of the three options in paragraphs (j)(1)(ii)(A) through (C) of this section:

(A) Include a second span that encompasses the HCl emission concentrations expected to be encountered during “mill off” conditions. This second span may be rounded to a multiple of 5 ppm of total HCl. The requirements of the appropriate HCl monitor performance specification shall be followed for this second span with the exception that a RATA with the mill off is not required;

(B) Quality assure any data above the span value by proving instrument linearity beyond the span value established in paragraph (j)(1)(i) of this section using the following procedure. Conduct a weekly “above span linearity” calibration challenge of the monitoring system using a reference gas with a certified value greater than your highest expected hourly concentration or greater than 75% of the highest measured hourly concentration. The “above span” reference gas must meet the requirements of the applicable performance specification and must be introduced to the measurement system at the probe. Record and report the results of this procedure as you would for a daily calibration. The “above span linearity” challenge is successful if the value measured by the HCl CEMS falls within 10 percent of the certified value of the reference gas. If the value measured by the HCl CEMS during the above span linearity challenge exceeds 10 percent of the certified value of the reference gas, the monitoring system must be evaluated and repaired and a new “above span linearity” challenge met before returning the HCl CEMS to service, or data above span from the HCl CEMS must be subject to the quality assurance procedures established in (j)(1)(ii)(D) of this section. In this manner values measured by the HCl CEMS during the above span linearity challenge exceeding +/−20 percent of the certified value of the reference gas must be normalized using equation 6;

(C) Quality assure any data above the span value established in paragraph (j)(1)(i) of this section using the following procedure. Any time two consecutive one-hour average measured concentration of HCl exceeds the span value you must, within 24 hours before or after, introduce a higher, “above span” HCl reference gas standard to the HCl CEMS. The “above span” reference gas must meet the requirements of the applicable performance specification and target a concentration level between 50 and 150 percent of the highest expected hourly concentration measured during the period of measurements above span, and must be introduced at the probe. While this target represents a desired concentration range that is not always achievable in practice, it is expected that the intent to meet this range is demonstrated by the value of the reference gas. Expected values may include above span calibrations done before or after the above-span measurement period. Record and report the results of this procedure as you would for a daily calibration. The “above span” calibration is successful if the value measured by the HCl CEMS is within 20 percent of the certified value of the reference gas. If the value measured by the HCl CEMS is not within 20 percent of the certified value of the reference gas, then you must normalize the stack gas values measured above span as described in paragraph (j)(1)(ii)(D) of this section. If the “above span” calibration is conducted during the period when measured emissions are above span and there is a failure to collect the one data point in an hour due to the calibration duration, then you must determine the emissions average for that missed hour as the average of hourly averages for the hour preceding the missed hour and the hour following the missed hour. In an hour where an “above span” calibration is being conducted and one or more data points are collected, the emissions average is represented by the average of all valid data points collected in that hour;

(D) In the event that the “above span” calibration is not successful (i.e., the HCl CEMS measured value is not within 20 percent of the certified value of the reference gas), then you must normalize the one-hour average stack gas values measured above the span during the 24-hour period preceding or following the “above span” calibration for reporting based on the HCl CEMS response to the reference gas as shown in equation 6:

Only one “above span” calibration is needed per 24-hour period.

(2) Compliance with the mercury emissions limit must be determined using a mercury CEMS according to the following requirements:

(i) You must operate a CEMS system in accordance with performance specification 12A of 40 CFR part 60, appendix B or a sorbent trap based integrated monitor in accordance with performance specification 12B of 40 CFR part 60, appendix B. The duration of the performance test must be a calendar month. For each calendar month in which the waste-burning kiln operates, hourly mercury concentration data, and stack gas volumetric flow rate data must be obtained. You must demonstrate compliance with the mercury emissions limit using a 30-day rolling average of these 1-hour mercury concentrations, including CEMS data during startup and shutdown as defined in this subpart, calculated using equation 19-19 in section 12.4.1 of EPA Reference Method 19 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-7 of this part. CEMS data during startup and shutdown, as defined in this subpart, are not corrected to 7 percent oxygen, and are measured at stack oxygen content;

(ii) Owners or operators using a mercury CEMS must install, operate, calibrate, and maintain an instrument for continuously measuring and recording the mercury mass emissions rate to the atmosphere according to the requirements of performance specifications 6 and 12A of 40 CFR part 60, appendix B, and quality assurance procedure 6 of 40 CFR part 60, appendix F; and

(iii) The owner or operator of a waste-burning kiln must demonstrate initial compliance by operating a mercury CEMS while the raw mill of the in-line kiln/raw mill is operating under normal conditions and including at least one period when the raw mill is off.

(k) If you use an air pollution control device to meet the emission limitations in this subpart, you must conduct an initial and annual inspection of the air pollution control device. The inspection must include, at a minimum, the following:

(1) Inspect air pollution control device(s) for proper operation; and.

(2) Develop a site-specific monitoring plan according to the requirements in paragraph (l) of this section. This requirement also applies to you if you petition the EPA Administrator for alternative monitoring parameters under § 60.13(i).

(l) For each continuous monitoring system required in this section, you must develop and submit to the EPA Administrator for approval a site-specific monitoring plan according to the requirements of this paragraph (l) that addresses paragraphs (l)(1)(i) through (vi) of this section:

(1) You must submit this site-specific monitoring plan at least 60 days before your initial performance evaluation of your continuous monitoring system:

(i) Installation of the continuous monitoring system sampling probe or other interface at a measurement location relative to each affected process unit such that the measurement is representative of control of the exhaust emissions (e.g., on or downstream of the last control device);

(ii) Performance and equipment specifications for the sample interface, the pollutant concentration or parametric signal analyzer and the data collection and reduction systems.

(iii) Performance evaluation procedures and acceptance criteria (e.g., calibrations);

(iv) Ongoing operation and maintenance procedures in accordance with the general requirements of § 60.11(d);

(v) Ongoing data quality assurance procedures in accordance with the general requirements of § 60.13; and

(vi) Ongoing recordkeeping and reporting procedures in accordance with the general requirements of § 60.7(b), (c), (c)(1), (c)(4), (d), (e), (f), and (g).

(2) You must conduct a performance evaluation of each continuous monitoring system in accordance with your site-specific monitoring plan.

(3) You must operate and maintain the continuous monitoring system in continuous operation according to the site-specific monitoring plan.

(m) If you have an operating limit that requires the use of a flow monitoring system, you must meet the requirements in paragraphs (l) and (m)(1) through (4) of this section:

(1) Install the flow sensor and other necessary equipment in a position that provides a representative flow;

(2) Use a flow sensor with a measurement sensitivity at full scale of no greater than 2 percent;

(3) Minimize the effects of swirling flow or abnormal velocity distributions due to upstream and downstream disturbances; and

(4) Conduct a flow monitoring system performance evaluation in accordance with your monitoring plan at the time of each performance test but no less frequently than annually.

(n) If you have an operating limit that requires the use of a pressure monitoring system, you must meet the requirements in paragraphs (l) and (n)(1) through (6) of this section:

(1) Install the pressure sensor(s) in a position that provides a representative measurement of the pressure (e.g., PM scrubber pressure drop);

(2) Minimize or eliminate pulsating pressure, vibration, and internal and external corrosion;

(3) Use a pressure sensor with a minimum tolerance of 1.27 centimeters of water or a minimum tolerance of 1 percent of the pressure monitoring system operating range, whichever is less;

(4) Perform checks at the frequency outlined in your site-specific monitoring plan to ensure pressure measurements are not obstructed (e.g., check for pressure tap plugging daily);

(5) Conduct a performance evaluation of the pressure monitoring system in accordance with your monitoring plan at the time of each performance test but no less frequently than annually; and

(6) If at any time the measured pressure exceeds the manufacturer's specified maximum operating pressure range, conduct a performance evaluation of the pressure monitoring system in accordance with your monitoring plan and confirm that the pressure monitoring system continues to meet the performance requirements in your monitoring plan. Alternatively, install and verify the operation of a new pressure sensor.

(o) If you have an operating limit that requires a pH monitoring system, you must meet the requirements in paragraphs (l) and (o)(1) through (4) of this section:

(1) Install the pH sensor in a position that provides a representative measurement of scrubber effluent pH;

(2) Ensure the sample is properly mixed and representative of the fluid to be measured;

(3) Conduct a performance evaluation of the pH monitoring system in accordance with your monitoring plan at least once each process operating day; and

(4) Conduct a performance evaluation (including a two-point calibration with one of the two buffer solutions having a pH within 1 of the pH of the operating limit) of the pH monitoring system in accordance with your monitoring plan at the time of each performance test but no less frequently than quarterly.

(p) If you have an operating limit that requires a secondary electric power monitoring system for an electrostatic precipitator, you must meet the requirements in paragraphs (l) and (p)(1) and (2) of this section:

(1) Install sensors to measure (secondary) voltage and current to the precipitator collection plates; and

(2) Conduct a performance evaluation of the electric power monitoring system in accordance with your monitoring plan at the time of each performance test but no less frequently than annually.

(q) If you have an operating limit that requires the use of a monitoring system to measure sorbent injection rate (e.g., weigh belt, weigh hopper, or hopper flow measurement device), you must meet the requirements in paragraphs (l) and (q)(1) and (2) of this section:

(1) Install the system in a position(s) that provides a representative measurement of the total sorbent injection rate; and

(2) Conduct a performance evaluation of the sorbent injection rate monitoring system in accordance with your monitoring plan at the time of each performance test but no less frequently than annually.

(r) If you elect to use a fabric filter bag leak detection system to comply with the requirements of this subpart, you must install, calibrate, maintain, and continuously operate a bag leak detection system as specified in paragraphs (l) and (r)(1) through (5) of this section:

(1) Install a bag leak detection sensor(s) in a position(s) that will be representative of the relative or absolute particulate matter loadings for each exhaust stack, roof vent, or compartment (e.g., for a positive pressure fabric filter) of the fabric filter;

(2) Use a bag leak detection system certified by the manufacturer to be capable of detecting particulate matter emissions at concentrations of 10 milligrams per actual cubic meter or less;

(3) Conduct a performance evaluation of the bag leak detection system in accordance with your monitoring plan and consistent with the guidance provided in EPA-454/R-98-015 (incorporated by reference, see § 60.17);

(4) Use a bag leak detection system equipped with a device to continuously record the output signal from the sensor; and

(5) Use a bag leak detection system equipped with a system that will sound an alarm when an increase in relative particulate matter emissions over a preset level is detected. The alarm must be located where it is observed readily by plant operating personnel.

(s) For facilities using a CEMS to demonstrate compliance with the sulfur dioxide emission limit, compliance with the sulfur dioxide emission limit may be demonstrated by using the CEMS specified in § 60.2165 to measure sulfur dioxide. CEMS data during startup and shutdown, as defined in this subpart, are not corrected to 7 percent oxygen, and are measured at stack oxygen content. You must calculate a 30-day rolling average of the 1-hour arithmetic average emission concentrations, including CEMS data during startup and shutdown as defined in this subpart, calculated using equation 19-19 in section 12.4.1 of EPA Reference Method 19 at 40 CFR part 60, Appendix A-7 of this part. The sulfur dioxide CEMS must be operated according to performance specification 2 in appendix B of this part and must follow the procedures and methods specified in paragraph (s) of this section. For sources that have actual inlet emissions less than 100 parts per million dry volume, the relative accuracy criterion for inlet sulfur dioxide CEMS should be no greater than 20 percent of the mean value of the reference method test data in terms of the units of the emission standard, or 5 parts per million dry volume absolute value of the mean difference between the reference method and the CEMS, whichever is greater:

(1) During each relative accuracy test run of the CEMS required by performance specification 2 in appendix B of this part, collect sulfur dioxide and oxygen (or carbon dioxide) data concurrently (or within a 30- to 60-minute period) with both the CEMS and the test methods specified in paragraphs (s)(1)(i) and (ii) of this section:

(i) For sulfur dioxide, EPA Reference Method 6 or 6C, or as an alternative ANSI/ASME PTC 19.10-1981 (incorporated by reference, see § 60.17) must be used; and

(ii) For oxygen (or carbon dioxide), EPA Reference Method 3A or 3B, or as an alternative ANSI/ASME PTC 19.10-1981 (incorporated by reference, see § 60.17), must be used.

(2) The span value of the CEMS at the inlet to the sulfur dioxide control device must be 125 percent of the maximum estimated hourly potential sulfur dioxide emissions of the unit subject to this subpart. The span value of the CEMS at the outlet of the sulfur dioxide control device must be 50 percent of the maximum estimated hourly potential sulfur dioxide emissions of the unit subject to this subpart.

(3) Conduct accuracy determinations quarterly and calibration drift tests daily in accordance with procedure 1 in appendix F of this part.

(t) For facilities using a CEMS to demonstrate continuous compliance with the nitrogen oxides emission limit, compliance with the nitrogen oxides emission limit may be demonstrated by using the CEMS specified in § 60.2165 to measure nitrogen oxides. CEMS data during startup and shutdown, as defined in this subpart, are not corrected to 7 percent oxygen, and are measured at stack oxygen content. You must calculate a 30-day rolling average of the 1-hour arithmetic average emission concentrations, including CEMS data during startup and shutdown as defined in this subpart, using equation 19-19 in section 12.4.1 of EPA Reference Method 19 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-7 of this part. The nitrogen oxides CEMS must be operated according to performance specification 2 in appendix B of this part and must follow the procedures and methods specified in paragraphs (t)(1) through (4) of this section:

(1) During each relative accuracy test run of the CEMS required by performance specification 2 of appendix B of this part, collect nitrogen oxides and oxygen (or carbon dioxide) data concurrently (or within a 30- to 60-minute period) with both the CEMS and the test methods specified in paragraphs (t)(1)(i) and (ii) of this section:

(i) For nitrogen oxides, EPA Reference Method 7 or 7E at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-4 must be used; and

(ii) For oxygen (or carbon dioxide), EPA Reference Method 3A or 3B at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-3, or as an alternative ANSI/ASME PTC 19-10.1981 (incorporated by reference, see § 60.17), as applicable, must be used.

(2) The span value of the continuous emission monitoring system must be 125 percent of the maximum estimated hourly potential nitrogen oxide emissions of the unit.

(3) Conduct accuracy determinations quarterly and calibration drift tests daily in accordance with procedure 1 in appendix F of this part.

(4) The owner or operator of an affected facility may request that compliance with the nitrogen oxides emission limit be determined using carbon dioxide measurements corrected to an equivalent of 7 percent oxygen. If carbon dioxide is selected for use in diluent corrections, the relationship between oxygen and carbon dioxide levels must be established during the initial performance test according to the procedures and methods specified in paragraphs (t)(4)(i) through (iv) of this section. This relationship may be re-established during performance compliance tests:

(i) The fuel factor equation in Method 3B must be used to determine the relationship between oxygen and carbon dioxide at a sampling location. Method 3A or 3B, or as an alternative ANSI/ASME PTC 19.10-1981 (incorporated by reference, see § 60.17), as applicable, must be used to determine the oxygen concentration at the same location as the carbon dioxide monitor;

(ii) Samples must be taken for at least 30 minutes in each hour;

(iii) Each sample must represent a 1-hour average; and

(iv) A minimum of three runs must be performed.

(u) For facilities using a CEMS to demonstrate continuous compliance with any of the emission limits of this subpart, you must complete the following:

(1) Demonstrate compliance with the appropriate emission limit(s) using a 30-day rolling average of 1-hour arithmetic average emission concentrations, including CEMS data during startup and shutdown as defined in this subpart, calculated using equation 19-19 in section 12.4.1 of EPA Reference Method 19 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-7 of this part. CEMS data during startup and shutdown, as defined in the subpart, are not corrected to 7 percent oxygen, and are measured at stack oxygen content; and

(2) Operate all CEMS in accordance with the applicable procedures under appendices B and F of this part.

(v) Use of the bypass stack at any time is an emissions standards deviation for particulate matter, HCl, Pb, Cd, Hg, NO_X, SO₂, and dioxin/furans.

(w) For energy recovery units with a design heat input capacity of 100 MMBtu per hour or greater that do not use a carbon monoxide CEMS, you must install, operate, and maintain a oxygen analyzer system as defined in § 60.2265 according to the procedures in paragraphs (w)(1) through (4) of this section:

(1) The oxygen analyzer system must be installed by the initial performance test date specified in § 60.2140;

(2) You must operate the oxygen trim system within compliance with paragraph (w)(3) of this section at all times;

(3) You must maintain the oxygen level such that the 30-day rolling average that is established as the operating limit for oxygen is not below the lowest hourly average oxygen concentration measured during the most recent CO performance test; and

(4) You must calculate and record a 30-day rolling average oxygen concentration using equation 19-19 in section 12.4.1 of EPA Reference Method 19 of Appendix A-7 of this part.

(x) For energy recovery units with annual average heat input rates greater than or equal to 250 MMBtu/hour and waste-burning kilns, you must install, calibrate, maintain, and operate a PM CPMS and record the output of the system as specified in paragraphs (x)(1) through (8) of this section. For other energy recovery units, you may elect to use PM CPMS operated in accordance with this section. PM CPMS are suitable in lieu of using other CMS for monitoring PM compliance (e.g., bag leak detectors, ESP secondary power, PM scrubber pressure):

(1) Install, calibrate, operate, and maintain your PM CPMS according to the procedures in your approved site-specific monitoring plan developed in accordance with paragraphs (l) and (x)(1)(i) through (iii) of this section:

(i) The operating principle of the PM CPMS must be based on in-stack or extractive light scatter, light scintillation, beta attenuation, or mass accumulation detection of the exhaust gas or representative sample. The reportable measurement output from the PM CPMS must be expressed as milliamps or the digital signal equivalent;

(ii) The PM CPMS must have a cycle time (i.e., period required to complete sampling, measurement, and reporting for each measurement) no longer than 60 minutes; and

(iii) The PM CPMS must be capable of detecting and responding to particulate matter concentrations increments no greater than 0.5 mg/actual cubic meter.

(2) During the initial performance test or any such subsequent performance test that demonstrates compliance with the PM limit, you must adjust the site-specific operating limit in accordance with the results of the performance test according to the procedures specified in § 60.2110.

(3) Collect PM CPMS hourly average output data for all energy recovery unit or waste-burning kiln operating hours. Express the PM CPMS output as milliamps.

(4) Calculate the arithmetic 30-day rolling average of all of the hourly average PM CPMS output collected during all energy recovery unit or waste-burning kiln operating hours data (milliamps or their digital equivalent).

(5) You must collect data using the PM CPMS at all times the energy recovery unit or waste-burning kiln is operating and at the intervals specified in paragraph (x)(1)(ii) of this section, except for periods of monitoring system malfunctions, repairs associated with monitoring system malfunctions, required monitoring system quality assurance or quality control activities (including, as applicable, calibration checks and required zero and span adjustments), and any scheduled maintenance as defined in your site-specific monitoring plan.

(6) You must use all the data collected during all energy recovery unit or waste-burning kiln operating hours in assessing the compliance with your operating limit except:

(i) Any data collected during monitoring system malfunctions, repairs associated with monitoring system malfunctions, or required monitoring system quality assurance or quality control activities conducted during monitoring system malfunctions are not used in calculations (report any such periods in your annual deviation report);

(ii) Any data collected during periods when the monitoring system is out of control as specified in your site-specific monitoring plan, repairs associated with periods when the monitoring system is out of control, or required monitoring system quality assurance or quality control activities conducted during out-of-control periods are not used in calculations (report emissions or operating levels and report any such periods in your annual deviation report);

(iii) Any PM CPMS data recorded during periods of CEMS data during startup and shutdown, as defined in this subpart.

(7) You must record and make available upon request results of PM CPMS system performance audits, as well as the dates and duration of periods from when the PM CPMS is out of control until completion of the corrective actions necessary to return the PM CPMS to operation consistent with your site-specific monitoring plan.

(8) For any deviation of the 30-day rolling average PM CPMS average value from the established operating parameter limit, you must:

(i) Within 48 hours of the deviation, visually inspect the air pollution control device;

(ii) If inspection of the air pollution control device identifies the cause of the deviation, take corrective action as soon as possible and return the PM CPMS measurement to within the established value;

(iii) Within 30 days of the deviation or at the time of the annual compliance test, whichever comes first, conduct a PM emissions compliance test to determine compliance with the PM emissions limit and to verify. Within 45 days of the deviation, you must re-establish the CPMS operating limit. You are not required to conduct additional testing for any deviations that occur between the time of the original deviation and the PM emissions compliance test required under paragraph (x) of this section; and

(iv) PM CPMS deviations leading to more than four required performance tests in a 12-month process operating period (rolling monthly) constitute a violation of this subpart.

(y) When there is an alkali bypass and/or an in-line coal mill that exhaust emissions through a separate stack(s), the combined emissions are subject to the emission limits applicable to waste-burning kilns. To determine the kiln-specific emission limit for demonstrating compliance, you must:

(1) Calculate a kiln-specific emission limit using equation 7:

Where:

C_ks = Kiln stack concentration (ppmvd, mgdscm, ng/dscm, depending on pollutant. Each corrected to 7% O₂.)

Q_{ab =} Alkali bypass flow rate (volume/hr)

C_ab = Alkali bypass concentration (ppmvd, mg/dscm, ng/dscm, depending on pollutant. Each corrected to 7% O₂.)

Q_cm = In-line coal mill flow rate (volume/hr)

C_cm = In-line coal mill concentration (ppmvd, mg/dscm, ng/dscm, depending on pollutant. Each corrected to 7% O₂.)

Q_ks = Kiln stack flow rate (volume/hr)

(2) Particulate matter concentration must be measured downstream of the in-line coal mill. All other pollutant concentrations must be measured either upstream or downstream of the in-line coal mill; and

(3) For purposes of determining the combined emissions from kilns equipped with an alkali bypass or that exhaust kiln gases to a coal mill that exhausts through a separate stack, instead of installing a CEMS or PM CPMS on the alkali bypass stack or in-line coal mill stack, the results of the initial and subsequent performance test can be used to demonstrate compliance with the relevant emissions limit. A performance test must be conducted on an annual basis (between 11 and 13 calendar months following the previous performance test).

§ 60.2150

By what date must I conduct the annual performance test?

You must conduct annual performance tests between 11 and 13 months of the previous performance test.

§ 60.2151

By what date must I conduct the annual air pollution control device inspection?

On an annual basis (no more than 12 months following the previous annual air pollution control device inspection), you must complete the air pollution control device inspection as described in § 60.2141.

§ 60.2155

May I conduct performance testing less often?

(a) You must conduct annual performance tests according to the schedule specified in § 60.2150, with the following exceptions:

(1) You may conduct a repeat performance test at any time to establish new values for the operating limits to apply from that point forward, as specified in § 60.2160. The Administrator may request a repeat performance test at any time;

(2) You must repeat the performance test within 60 days of a process change, as defined in § 60.2265;

(3) If the initial or any subsequent performance test for any pollutant in table 1 or tables 5 through 8 of this subpart, as applicable, demonstrates that the emission level for the pollutant is no greater than the emission level specified in paragraph (a)(3)(i) or (a)(3)(ii) of this section, as

(i) For particulate matter, hydrogen chloride, mercury, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, cadmium, lead and dioxins/furans, the emission level equal to 75 percent of the applicable emission limit in table 1 or tables 5 through 8 of this subpart, as applicable, to this subpart; and

(ii) For fugitive emissions, visible emissions (of combustion ash from the ash conveying system) for 2 percent of the time during each of the three 1-hour observations periods.

(4) If you are conducting less frequent testing for a pollutant as provided in paragraph (a)(3) of this section and a subsequent performance test for the pollutant indicates that your CISWI unit does not meet the emission level specified in paragraph (a)(3)(i) or (a)(3)(ii) of this section, as applicable, you must conduct annual performance tests for the pollutant according to the schedule specified in paragraph (a) of this section until you qualify for less frequent testing for the pollutant as specified in paragraph (a)(3) of this section.

(b) [Reserved]

§ 60.2160

May I conduct a repeat performance test to establish new operating limits?

(a) Yes. You may conduct a repeat performance test at any time to establish new values for the operating limits. The Administrator may request a repeat performance test at any time.

(b) You must repeat the performance test if your feed stream is different than the feed streams used during any performance test used to demonstrate compliance.

Monitoring

§ 60.2165

What monitoring equipment must I install and what parameters must I monitor?

(a) If you are using a wet scrubber to comply with the emission limitation under § 60.2105, you must install, calibrate (to manufacturers' specifications), maintain, and operate devices (or establish methods) for monitoring the value of the operating parameters used to determine compliance with the operating limits listed in table 2 of this subpart. These devices (or methods) must measure and record the values for these operating parameters at the frequencies indicated in table 2 of this subpart at all times except as specified in § 60.2170(a).

(b) If you use a fabric filter to comply with the requirements of this subpart and you do not use a PM CPMS for monitoring PM compliance, you must install, calibrate, maintain, and continuously operate a bag leak detection system as specified in paragraphs (b)(1) through (8) of this section:

(1) You must install and operate a bag leak detection system for each exhaust stack of the fabric filter;

(2) Each bag leak detection system must be installed, operated, calibrated, and maintained in a manner consistent with the manufacturer's written specifications and recommendations;

(3) The bag leak detection system must be certified by the manufacturer to be capable of detecting particulate matter emissions at concentrations of 10 milligrams per actual cubic meter or less;

(4) The bag leak detection system sensor must provide output of relative or absolute particulate matter loadings;

(5) The bag leak detection system must be equipped with a device to continuously record the output signal from the sensor;

(6) The bag leak detection system must be equipped with an alarm system that will alert automatically an operator when an increase in relative particulate matter emissions over a preset level is detected. The alarm must be located where it is observed easily by plant operating personnel;

(7) For positive pressure fabric filter systems, a bag leak detection system must be installed in each baghouse compartment or cell. For negative pressure or induced air fabric filters, the bag leak detector must be installed downstream of the fabric filter; and

(8) Where multiple detectors are required, the system's instrumentation and alarm may be shared among detectors.

(c) If you are using something other than a wet scrubber, activated carbon, selective non-catalytic reduction, an electrostatic precipitator, or a dry scrubber to comply with the emission limitations under § 60.2105, you must install, calibrate (to the manufacturers' specifications), maintain, and operate the equipment necessary to monitor compliance with the site-specific operating limits established using the procedures in § 60.2115.

(d) If you use activated carbon injection to comply with the emission limitations in this subpart, you must measure the minimum mercury sorbent flow rate once per hour.

(e) If you use selective noncatalytic reduction to comply with the emission limitations, you must complete the following:

(1) Following the date on which the initial performance test is completed or is required to be completed under § 60.2125, whichever date comes first, ensure that the affected facility does not operate above the maximum charge rate, or below the minimum secondary chamber temperature (if applicable to your CISWI unit) or the minimum reagent flow rate measured as 3-hour block averages at all times; and

(2) Operation of the affected facility above the maximum charge rate, below the minimum secondary chamber temperature and below the minimum reagent flow rate simultaneously constitute a violation of the nitrogen oxides emissions limit.

(f) If you use an electrostatic precipitator to comply with the emission limits of this subpart and you do not use a PM CPMS for monitoring PM compliance, you must monitor the secondary power to the electrostatic precipitator collection plates and maintain the 3-hour block averages at or above the operating limits established during the mercury or particulate matter performance test.

(g) For waste-burning kilns not equipped with a wet scrubber or dry scrubber, in place of hydrogen chloride testing with EPA Method 321 at 40 CFR part 63, appendix A, an owner or operator must install, calibrate, maintain, and operate a CEMS for monitoring hydrogen chloride emissions, as specified in § 60.2145(j) of this subpart, discharged to the atmosphere and record the output of the system. To demonstrate continuous compliance with the hydrogen chloride emissions limit for units other than waste-burning kilns not equipped with a wet scrubber or dry scrubber, a facility may substitute use of a hydrogen chloride CEMS for conducting the hydrogen chloride annual performance test, monitoring the minimum hydrogen chloride sorbent flow rate, monitoring the minimum scrubber liquor pH, and monitoring minimum injection rate.

(h) To demonstrate continuous compliance with the particulate matter emissions limit, a facility may substitute use of either a particulate matter CEMS or a particulate matter CPMS for conducting the PM annual performance test and using other CMS for monitoring PM compliance (e.g., bag leak detectors, ESP secondary power, PM scrubber pressure).

(i) To demonstrate continuous compliance with the dioxin/furan emissions limit, a facility may substitute use of a continuous automated sampling system for the dioxin/furan annual performance test. You must record the output of the system and analyze the sample according to EPA Method 23 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-7 of this part. This option to use a continuous automated sampling system takes effect on the date a final performance specification applicable to dioxin/furan from continuous monitors is published in the Federal Register. The owner or operator who elects to continuously sample dioxin/furan emissions instead of sampling and testing using EPA Method 23 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-7 must install, calibrate, maintain, and operate a continuous automated sampling system and must comply with the requirements specified in § 60.58b(p) and (q). A facility may substitute continuous dioxin/furan monitoring for the minimum sorbent flow rate, if activated carbon sorbent injection is used solely for compliance with the dioxin/furan emission limit.

(j) To demonstrate continuous compliance with the mercury emissions limit, a facility may substitute use of a continuous automated sampling system for the mercury annual performance test. You must record the output of the system and analyze the sample at set intervals using any suitable determinative technique that can meet performance specification 12B. The owner or operator who elects to continuously sample mercury emissions instead of sampling and testing using EPA Reference Method 29 or 30B at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-8, ASTM D6784-02 (Reapproved 2008) (incorporated by reference, see § 60.17), or an approved alternative method for measuring mercury emissions, must install, calibrate, maintain, and operate a continuous automated sampling system and must comply with performance specification 12A and quality assurance procedure 5, as well as the requirements specified in § 60.58b(p) and (q). A facility may substitute continuous mercury monitoring for the minimum sorbent flow rate, if activated carbon sorbent injection is used solely for compliance with the mercury emission limit. Waste-burning kilns must install, calibrate, maintain, and operate a mercury CEMS as specified in § 60.2145(j).

(k) To demonstrate continuous compliance with the nitrogen oxides emissions limit, a facility may substitute use of a CEMS for the nitrogen oxides annual performance test to demonstrate compliance with the nitrogen oxides emissions limits and monitoring the charge rate, secondary chamber temperature, and reagent flow for selective noncatalytic reduction, if applicable:

(1) Install, calibrate, maintain, and operate a CEMS for measuring nitrogen oxides emissions discharged to the atmosphere and record the output of the system. The requirements under performance specification 2 of appendix B of this part, the quality assurance procedure one of appendix F of this part and the procedures under § 60.13 must be followed for installation, evaluation, and operation of the CEMS; and

(2) Following the date that the initial performance test for nitrogen oxides is completed or is required to be completed under § 60.2125, compliance with the emission limit for nitrogen oxides required under § 60.52b(d) must be determined based on the 30-day rolling average of the hourly emission concentrations using CEMS outlet data. The 1-hour arithmetic averages must be expressed in parts per million by volume corrected to 7 percent oxygen (dry basis) and used to calculate the 30-day rolling average concentrations. CEMS data during startup and shutdown, as defined in this subpart, are not corrected to 7 percent oxygen, and are measured at stack oxygen content. The 1-hour arithmetic averages must be calculated using the data points required under § 60.13(e)(2).

(l) To demonstrate continuous compliance with the sulfur dioxide emissions limit, a facility may substitute use of a continuous automated sampling system for the sulfur dioxide annual performance test to demonstrate compliance with the sulfur dioxide emissions limits:

(1) Install, calibrate, maintain, and operate a CEMS for measuring sulfur dioxide emissions discharged to the atmosphere and record the output of the system. The requirements under performance specification 2 of appendix B of this part, the quality assurance requirements of procedure one of appendix F of this part and procedures under § 60.13 must be followed for installation, evaluation, and operation of the CEMS; and

(2) Following the date that the initial performance test for sulfur dioxide is completed or is required to be completed under § 60.2125, compliance with the sulfur dioxide emission limit may be determined based on the 30-day rolling average of the hourly arithmetic average emission concentrations using CEMS outlet data. The 1-hour arithmetic averages must be expressed in parts per million corrected to 7 percent oxygen (dry basis) and used to calculate the 30-day rolling average emission concentrations. CEMS data during startup and shutdown, as defined in this subpart, are not corrected to 7 percent oxygen, and are measured at stack oxygen content. The 1-hour arithmetic averages must be calculated using the data points required under § 60.13(e)(2).

(m) For energy recovery units over 10 MMBtu/hr but less than 250 MMBtu/hr annual average heat input rates that do not use a wet scrubber, fabric filter with bag leak detection system, or particulate matter CEMS, you must install, operate, certify, and maintain a continuous opacity monitoring system according to the procedures in paragraphs (m)(1) through (5) of this section by the compliance date specified in § 60.2105. Energy recovery units that use a CEMS to demonstrate initial and continuing compliance according to the procedures in § 60.2165(n) are not required to install a continuous opacity monitoring system and must perform the annual performance tests for the opacity consistent with § 60.2145(f):

(1) Install, operate, and maintain each continuous opacity monitoring system according to performance specification 1 of 40 CFR part 60, appendix B;

(2) Conduct a performance evaluation of each continuous opacity monitoring system according to the requirements in § 60.13 and according to PS-1 of 40 CFR part 60, appendix B;

(3) As specified in § 60.13(e)(1), each continuous opacity monitoring system must complete a minimum of one cycle of sampling and analyzing for each successive 10-second period and one cycle of data recording for each successive 6-minute period;

(4) Reduce the continuous opacity monitoring system data as specified in § 60.13(h)(1); and

(5) Determine and record all the 6-minute averages (and 1-hour block averages as applicable) collected.

(n) For coal and liquid/gas energy recovery units, incinerators, and small remote incinerators, an owner or operator may elect to install, calibrate, maintain, and operate a CEMS for monitoring particulate matter emissions discharged to the atmosphere and record the output of the system. The owner or operator of an affected facility who continuously monitors particulate matter emissions instead of conducting performance testing using EPA Method 5 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-3 or, as applicable, monitor with a particulate matter CPMS according to paragraph (r) of this section, must install, calibrate, maintain, and operate a CEMS and must comply with the requirements specified in paragraphs (n)(1) through (13) of this section:

(1) Notify the Administrator 1 month before starting use of the system;

(2) Notify the Administrator 1 month before stopping use of the system;

(3) The monitor must be installed, evaluated, and operated in accordance with the requirements of performance specification 11 of appendix B of this part and quality assurance requirements of procedure two of appendix F of this part and § 60.13. Use Method 5 or Method 5I of Appendix A of this part for the PM CEMS correlation testing;

(4) The initial performance evaluation must be completed no later than 180 days after the date of initial startup of the affected facility, as specified under § 60.2125 or within 180 days of notification to the Administrator of use of the continuous monitoring system if the owner or operator was previously determining compliance by Method 5 performance tests, whichever is later;

(5) The owner or operator of an affected facility may request that compliance with the particulate matter emission limit be determined using carbon dioxide measurements corrected to an equivalent of 7 percent oxygen. The relationship between oxygen and carbon dioxide levels for the affected facility must be established according to the procedures and methods specified in § 60.2145(t)(4)(i) through (iv);

(6) The owner or operator of an affected facility must conduct an initial performance test for particulate matter emissions as required under § 60.2125. Compliance with the particulate matter emission limit, if PM CEMS are elected for demonstrating compliance, must be determined by using the CEMS specified in paragraph (n) of this section to measure particulate matter. You must calculate a 30-day rolling average of 1-hour arithmetic average emission concentrations, including CEMS data during startup and shutdown, as defined in this subpart, using equation 19-19 in section 12.4.1 of EPA Reference Method 19 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-7;

(7) Compliance with the particulate matter emission limit must be determined based on the 30-day rolling average calculated using equation 19-19 in section 12.4.1 of EPA Reference Method 19 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-7 from the 1-hour arithmetic average CEMS outlet data;

(8) At a minimum, valid continuous monitoring system hourly averages must be obtained as specified in § 60.2170(e);

(9) The 1-hour arithmetic averages required under paragraph (n)(7) of this section must be expressed in milligrams per dry standard cubic meter corrected to 7 percent oxygen (dry basis) and must be used to calculate the 30-day rolling average emission concentrations. CEMS data during startup and shutdown, as defined in this subpart, are not corrected to 7 percent oxygen, and are measured at stack oxygen content. The 1-hour arithmetic averages must be calculated using the data points required under § 60.13(e)(2);

(10) All valid CEMS data must be used in calculating average emission concentrations even if the minimum CEMS data requirements of paragraph (n)(8) of this section are not met.

(11) The CEMS must be operated according to performance specification 11 in appendix B of this part;

(12) During each relative accuracy test run of the CEMS required by performance specification 11 in appendix B of this part, particulate matter and oxygen (or carbon dioxide) data must be collected concurrently (or within a 30- to 60-minute period) by both the CEMS and the following test methods:

(i) For particulate matter, EPA Reference Method 5 must be used; and

(ii) For oxygen (or carbon dioxide), EPA Reference Method 3A or 3B, as applicable, must be used; and

(13) Quarterly accuracy determinations and daily calibration drift tests must be performed in accordance with procedure 2 in appendix F of this part.

(o) To demonstrate continuous compliance with the carbon monoxide emissions limit, you may substitute use of a continuous automated sampling system for the carbon monoxide annual performance test:

(1) Install, calibrate, maintain, and operate a CEMS for measuring carbon monoxide emissions discharged to the atmosphere and record the output of the system. The requirements under performance specification 4B of appendix B of this part, the quality assurance procedure 1 of appendix F of this part and the procedures under § 60.13 must be followed for installation, evaluation, and operation of the CEMS; and

(2) Following the date that the initial performance test for carbon monoxide is completed or is required to be completed under § 60.2140, compliance with the carbon monoxide emission limit may be determined based on the 30-day rolling average of the hourly arithmetic average emission concentrations, including CEMS data during startup and shutdown as defined in this subpart, using CEMS outlet data. Except for CEMS data during startup and shutdown, as defined in this subpart, the 1-hour arithmetic averages must be expressed in parts per million corrected to 7 percent oxygen (dry basis) and used to calculate the 30-day rolling average emission concentrations. CEMS data during startup and shutdown, as defined in this subpart, are not corrected to 7 percent oxygen, and are measured at stack oxygen content. The 1-hour arithmetic averages must be calculated using the data points required under § 60.13(e)(2).

(p) The owner/operator of an affected source with a bypass stack shall install, calibrate (to manufacturers' specifications), maintain, and operate a device or method for measuring the use of the bypass stack including date, time and duration.

(q) For energy recovery units with a design heat input capacity of 100 MMBtu per hour or greater that do not use a carbon monoxide CEMS, you must install, operate, and maintain a oxygen analyzer system as defined in § 60.2265 according to the procedures in paragraphs (q)(1) through (4) of this section:

(1) The oxygen analyzer system must be installed by the initial performance test date specified in § 60.2140;

(2) You must operate the oxygen trim system within compliance with paragraph (q)(3) of this section at all times;

(3) You must maintain the oxygen level such that the 30-day rolling average that is established as the operating limit for oxygen according to paragraph (q)(4) of this section is not below the lowest hourly average oxygen concentration measured during the most recent CO performance test; and

(4) You must calculate and record a 30-day rolling average oxygen concentration using equation 19-19 in section 12.4.1 of EPA Reference Method 19 of Appendix A-7 of this part.

(r) For energy recovery units with annual average heat input rates greater than or equal to 250 MMBtu/hour and waste-burning kilns, you must install, calibrate, maintain, and operate a PM CPMS and record the output of the system as specified in paragraphs (r)(1) through (8) of this section. If you elect to use a particulate matter CEMS as specified in paragraph (n) of this section, you are not required to use a PM CPMS to monitor particulate matter emissions. For other energy recovery units, you may elect to use PM CPMS operated in accordance with this section. PM CPMS are suitable in lieu of using other CMS for monitoring PM compliance (e.g., bag leak detectors, ESP secondary power, PM scrubber pressure):

(1) Install, calibrate, operate, and maintain your PM CPMS according to the procedures in your approved site-specific monitoring plan developed in accordance with § 60.2145(l) and (r)(1)(i) through (iii) of this section:

(i) The operating principle of the PM CPMS must be based on in-stack or extractive light scatter, light scintillation, beta attenuation, or mass accumulation detection of PM in the exhaust gas or representative sample. The reportable measurement output from the PM CPMS must be expressed as milliamps or a digital signal equivalent;

(ii) The PM CPMS must have a cycle time (i.e., period required to complete sampling, measurement, and reporting for each measurement) no longer than 60 minutes; and

(iii) The PM CPMS must be capable of detecting and responding to particulate matter concentration increments no greater than 0.5 mg/actual cubic meter.

(2) During the initial performance test or any such subsequent performance test that demonstrates compliance with the PM limit, you must adjust the site-specific operating limit in accordance with the results of the performance test according to the procedures specified in § 60.2110.

(3) Collect PM CPMS hourly average output data for all energy recovery unit or waste-burning kiln operating hours. Express the PM CPMS output as milliamps or the digital signal equivalent.

(4) Calculate the arithmetic 30-day rolling average of all of the hourly average PM CPMS output collected during all energy recovery unit or waste-burning kiln operating hours data (milliamps or digital bits).

(5) You must collect data using the PM CPMS at all times the energy recovery unit or waste-burning kiln is operating and at the intervals specified in paragraph (r)(1)(ii) of this section, except for periods of monitoring system malfunctions, repairs associated with monitoring system malfunctions, required monitoring system quality assurance or quality control activities (including, as applicable, calibration checks and required zero and span adjustments), and any scheduled maintenance as defined in your site-specific monitoring plan.

(6) You must use all the data collected during all energy recovery unit or waste-burning kiln operating hours in assessing the compliance with your operating limit except:

(i) Any data collected during monitoring system malfunctions, repairs associated with monitoring system malfunctions, or required monitoring system quality assurance or quality control activities conducted during monitoring system malfunctions are not used in calculations (report any such periods in your annual deviation report);

(ii) Any data collected during periods when the monitoring system is out of control as specified in your site-specific monitoring plan, repairs associated with periods when the monitoring system is out of control, or required monitoring system quality assurance or quality control activities conducted during out-of-control periods are not used in calculations (report emissions or operating levels and report any such periods in your annual deviation report); and

(iii) Any PM CPMS data recorded during periods of CEMS data during startup and shutdown, as defined in this subpart.

(7) You must record and make available upon request results of PM CPMS system performance audits, as well as the dates and duration of periods from when the PM CPMS is out of control until completion of the corrective actions necessary to return the PM CPMS to operation consistent with your site-specific monitoring plan.

(8) For any deviation of the 30-day rolling average PM CPMS average value from the established operating parameter limit, you must:

(i) Within 48 hours of the deviation, visually inspect the air pollution control device;

(ii) If inspection of the air pollution control device identifies the cause of the deviation, take corrective action as soon as possible and return the PM CPMS measurement to within the established value;

(iii) Within 30 days of the deviation or at the time of the annual compliance test, whichever comes first, conduct a PM emissions compliance test to determine compliance with the PM emissions limit and to verify the operation of the emissions control device(s). Within 45 days of the deviation, you must re-establish the CPMS operating limit. You are not required to conduct additional testing for any deviations that occur between the time of the original deviation and the PM emissions compliance test required under this paragraph; and

(iv) PM CPMS deviations leading to more than four required performance tests in a 12-month process operating period (rolling monthly) constitute a violation of this subpart.

(s) If you use a dry scrubber to comply with the emission limits of this subpart, you must monitor the injection rate of each sorbent and maintain the 3-hour block averages at or above the operating limits established during the hydrogen chloride performance test.

§ 60.2170

Is there a minimum amount of monitoring data I must obtain?

For each continuous monitoring system required or optionally allowed under § 60.2165, you must collect data according to this section:

(a) You must operate the monitoring system and collect data at all required intervals at all times compliance is required except for periods of monitoring system malfunctions or out-of-control periods, repairs associated with monitoring system malfunctions or out-of-control periods (as specified in 60.2210(o)), and required monitoring system quality assurance or quality control activities (including, as applicable, calibration checks and required zero and span adjustments). A monitoring system malfunction is any sudden, infrequent, not reasonably preventable failure of the monitoring system to provide valid data. Monitoring system failures that are caused in part by poor maintenance or careless operation are not malfunctions. You are required to effect monitoring system repairs in response to monitoring system malfunctions or out-of-control periods and to return the monitoring system to operation as expeditiously as practicable;

(b) You may not use data recorded during monitoring system malfunctions or out-of-control periods, repairs associated with monitoring system malfunctions or out-of-control periods, or required monitoring system quality assurance or control activities in calculations used to report emissions or operating levels. You must use all the data collected during all other periods, including data normalized for above scale readings, in assessing the operation of the control device and associated control system; and

(c) Except for periods of monitoring system malfunctions or out-of-control periods, repairs associated with monitoring system malfunctions or out-of-control periods, and required monitoring system quality assurance or quality control activities including, as applicable, calibration checks and required zero and span adjustments, failure to collect required data is a deviation of the monitoring requirements.

Recordkeeping and Reporting

§ 60.2175

What records must I keep?

You must maintain the items (as applicable) as specified in paragraphs (a), (b), and (e) through (x) of this section for a period of at least 5 years:

(a) Calendar date of each record; and

(b) Records of the data described in paragraphs (b)(1) through (6) of this section:

(1) The CISWI unit charge dates, times, weights, and hourly charge rates;

(2) Liquor flow rate to the wet scrubber inlet every 15 minutes of operation, as applicable;

(3) Pressure drop across the wet scrubber system every 15 minutes of operation or amperage to the wet scrubber every 15 minutes of operation, as applicable;

(4) Liquor pH as introduced to the wet scrubber every 15 minutes of operation, as applicable;

(5) For affected CISWI units that establish operating limits for controls other than wet scrubbers under § 60.2110(d) through (g) or § 60.2115, you must maintain data collected for all operating parameters used to determine compliance with the operating limits. For energy recovery units using activated carbon injection or a dry scrubber, you must also maintain records of the load fraction and corresponding sorbent injection rate records;

(6) If a fabric filter is used to comply with the emission limitations, you must record the date, time, and duration of each alarm and the time corrective action was initiated and completed, and a brief description of the cause of the alarm and the corrective action taken. You must also record the percent of operating time during each 6-month period that the alarm sounds, calculated as specified in § 60.2110(c);

(c)-(d) [Reserved]

(e) Identification of calendar dates and times for which data show a deviation from the operating limits in table 2 of this subpart or a deviation from other operating limits established under § 60.2110(d) through (g) or § 60.2115 with a description of the deviations, reasons for such deviations, and a description of corrective actions taken;

(f) The results of the initial, annual, and any subsequent performance tests conducted to determine compliance with the emission limits and/or to establish operating limits, as applicable. Retain a copy of the complete test report including calculations;

(g) All documentation produced as a result of the siting requirements of §§ 60.2045 and 60.2050;

(h) Records showing the names of CISWI unit operators who have completed review of the information in § 60.2095(a) as required by § 60.2095(b), including the date of the initial review and all subsequent annual reviews;

(i) Records showing the names of the CISWI operators who have completed the operator training requirements under § 60.2070, met the criteria for qualification under § 60.2080, and maintained or renewed their qualification under § 60.2085 or § 60.2090. Records must include documentation of training, the dates of the initial and refresher training, and the dates of their qualification and all subsequent renewals of such qualifications;

(j) For each qualified operator, the phone and/or pager number at which they can be reached during operating hours;

(k) Records of calibration of any monitoring devices as required under § 60.2165;

(l) Equipment vendor specifications and related operation and maintenance requirements for the incinerator, emission controls, and monitoring equipment;

(m) The information listed in § 60.2095(a);

(n) On a daily basis, keep a log of the quantity of waste burned and the types of waste burned (always required);

(o) Maintain records of the annual air pollution control device inspections that are required for each CISWI unit subject to the emissions limits in table 1 of this subpart or tables 5 through 8 of this subpart, any required maintenance, and any repairs not completed within 10 days of an inspection or the timeframe established by the state regulatory agency;

(p) For continuously monitored pollutants or parameters, you must document and keep a record of the following parameters measured using continuous monitoring systems:

(1) All 6-minute average levels of opacity;

(2) All 1-hour average concentrations of sulfur dioxide emissions;

(3) All 1-hour average concentrations of nitrogen oxides emissions;

(4) All 1-hour average concentrations of carbon monoxide emissions. You must indicate which data are CEMS data during startup and shutdown;

(5) All 1-hour average concentrations of particulate matter emissions;

(6) All 1-hour average concentrations of mercury emissions;

(7) All 1-hour average concentrations of hydrogen chloride emissions;

(8) All 1-hour average percent oxygen concentrations; and

(9) All 1-hour average PM CPMS readings or particulate matter CEMS outputs;

(q) Records indicating use of the bypass stack, including dates, times, and durations.

(r) If you choose to stack test less frequently than annually, consistent with § 60.2155(a) through (c), you must keep annual records that document that your emissions in the previous stack test(s) were less than 75 percent of the applicable emission limit and document that there was no change in source operations including fuel composition and operation of air pollution control equipment that would cause emissions of the relevant pollutant to increase within the past year.

(s) Records of the occurrence and duration of each malfunction of operation (i.e., process equipment) or the air pollution control and monitoring equipment.

(t) Records of all required maintenance performed on the air pollution control and monitoring equipment.

(u) Records of actions taken during periods of malfunction to minimize emissions in accordance with § 60.11(d), including corrective actions to restore malfunctioning process and air pollution control and monitoring equipment to its normal or usual manner of operation.

(v) For operating units that combust non-hazardous secondary materials that have been determined not to be solid waste pursuant to § 241.3(b)(1) of this chapter, you must keep a record which documents how the secondary material meets each of the legitimacy criteria under § 241.3(d)(1). If you combust a fuel that has been processed from a discarded non-hazardous secondary material pursuant to § 241.3(b)(4) of this chapter, you must keep records as to how the operations that produced the fuel satisfies the definition of processing in § 241.2 and each of the legitimacy criteria of § 241.3(d)(1) of this chapter. If the fuel received a non-waste determination pursuant to the petition process submitted under § 241.3(c) of this chapter, you must keep a record that documents how the fuel satisfies the requirements of the petition process. For operating units that combust non-hazardous secondary materials as fuel per § 241.4, you must keep records documenting that the material is a listed non-waste under § 241.4(a).

(w) Records of the criteria used to establish that the unit qualifies as a small power production facility under section 3(17)(C) of the Federal Power Act (16 U.S.C. 796(17)(C)) and that the waste material the unit is proposed to burn is homogeneous.

(x) Records of the criteria used to establish that the unit qualifies as a cogeneration facility under section 3(18)(B) of the Federal Power Act (16 U.S.C. 796(18)(B)) and that the waste material the unit is proposed to burn is homogeneous.

§ 60.2180

Where and in what format must I keep my records?

All records must be available onsite in either paper copy or computer-readable format that can be printed upon request, unless an alternative format is approved by the Administrator.

§ 60.2185

What reports must I submit?

See table 4 of this subpart for a summary of the reporting requirements.

§ 60.2190

What must I submit prior to commencing construction?

You must submit a notification prior to commencing construction that includes the five items listed in paragraphs (a) through (e) of this section:

(a) A statement of intent to construct;

(b) The anticipated date of commencement of construction;

(c) All documentation produced as a result of the siting requirements of § 60.2050;

(d) The waste management plan as specified in §§ 60.2055 through 60.2065; and

(e) Anticipated date of initial startup.

§ 60.2195

What information must I submit prior to initial startup?

You must submit the information specified in paragraphs (a) through (e) of this section prior to initial startup:

(a) The type(s) of waste to be burned;

(b) The maximum design waste burning capacity;

(c) The anticipated maximum charge rate;

(d) If applicable, the petition for site-specific operating limits under § 60.2115; and

(e) The anticipated date of initial startup.

§ 60.2200

What information must I submit following my initial performance test?

You must submit the information specified in paragraphs (a) through (c) of this section no later than 60 days following the initial performance test. All reports must be signed by the facilities manager:

(a) The complete test report for the initial performance test results obtained under § 60.2135, as applicable;

(b) The values for the site-specific operating limits established in § 60.2110 or § 60.2115; and

(c) If you are using a fabric filter to comply with the emission limitations, documentation that a bag leak detection system has been installed and is being operated, calibrated, and maintained as required by § 60.2165(b).

§ 60.2205

When must I submit my annual report?

You must submit an annual report no later than 12 months following the submission of the information in § 60.2200. You must submit subsequent reports no more than 12 months following the previous report. (If the unit is subject to permitting requirements under title V of the Clean Air Act, you may be required by the permit to submit these reports more frequently.)

§ 60.2210

What information must I include in my annual report?

The annual report required under § 60.2205 must include the ten items listed in paragraphs (a) through (j) of this section. If you have a deviation from the operating limits or the emission limitations, you must also submit deviation reports as specified in §§ 60.2215, 60.2220, and 60.2225:

(a) Company name and address;

(b) Statement by a responsible official, with that official's name, title, and signature, certifying the accuracy of the content of the report;

(c) Date of report and beginning and ending dates of the reporting period;

(d) The values for the operating limits established pursuant to § 60.2110 or § 60.2115;

(e) If no deviation from any emission limitation or operating limit that applies to you has been reported, a statement that there was no deviation from the emission limitations or operating limits during the reporting period;

(f) The highest recorded 3-hour average and the lowest recorded 3-hour average, as applicable, for each operating parameter recorded for the calendar year being reported;

(g) Information recorded under § 60.2175(b)(6) and (c) through (e) for the calendar year being reported;

(h) For each performance test conducted during the reporting period, if any performance test is conducted, the process unit(s) tested, the pollutant(s) tested and the date that such performance test was conducted. Submit, following the procedure specified in § 60.2235(b)(1), the performance test report no later than the date that you submit the annual report;

(i) If you met the requirements of § 60.2155(a) or (b), and did not conduct a performance test during the reporting period, you must state that you met the requirements of § 60.2155(a) or (b), and, therefore, you were not required to conduct a performance test during the reporting period;

(j) Documentation of periods when all qualified CISWI unit operators were unavailable for more than 8 hours, but less than 2 weeks;

(k) If you had a malfunction during the reporting period, the compliance report must include the number, duration, and a brief description for each type of malfunction that occurred during the reporting period and that caused or may have caused any applicable emission limitation to be exceeded. The report must also include a description of actions taken by an owner or operator during a malfunction of an affected source to minimize emissions in accordance with § 60.11(d), including actions taken to correct a malfunction;

(l) For each deviation from an emission or operating limitation that occurs for a CISWI unit for which you are not using a continuous monitoring system to comply with the emission or operating limitations in this subpart, the annual report must contain the following information:

(1) The total operating time of the CISWI unit at which the deviation occurred during the reporting period; and

(2) Information on the number, duration, and cause of deviations (including unknown cause, if applicable), as applicable, and the corrective action taken.

(m) If there were periods during which the continuous monitoring system, including the CEMS, was out of control as specified in paragraph (o) of this section, the annual report must contain the following information for each deviation from an emission or operating limitation occurring for a CISWI unit for which you are using a continuous monitoring system to comply with the emission and operating limitations in this subpart:

(1) The date and time that each malfunction started and stopped;

(2) The date, time, and duration that each CMS was inoperative, except for zero (low-level) and high-level checks;

(3) The date, time, and duration that each continuous monitoring system was out-of-control, including start and end dates and hours and descriptions of corrective actions taken;

(4) The date and time that each deviation started and stopped, and whether each deviation occurred during a period of malfunction or during another period;

(5) A summary of the total duration of the deviation during the reporting period, and the total duration as a percent of the total source operating time during that reporting period;

(6) A breakdown of the total duration of the deviations during the reporting period into those that are due to control equipment problems, process problems, other known causes, and other unknown causes;

(7) A summary of the total duration of continuous monitoring system downtime during the reporting period, and the total duration of continuous monitoring system downtime as a percent of the total operating time of the CISWI unit at which the continuous monitoring system downtime occurred during that reporting period;

(8) An identification of each parameter and pollutant that was monitored at the CISWI unit;

(9) A brief description of the CISWI unit;

(10) A brief description of the continuous monitoring system;

(11) The date of the latest continuous monitoring system certification or audit; and

(12) A description of any changes in continuous monitoring system, processes, or controls since the last reporting period.

(n) If there were periods during which the continuous monitoring system, including the CEMS, was not out of control as specified in paragraph (o) of this section, a statement that there were not periods during which the continuous monitoring system was out of control during the reporting period.

(o) A continuous monitoring system is out of control in accordance with the procedure in 40 CFR part 60, appendix F of this part, as if any of the following occur:

(1) The zero (low-level), mid-level (if applicable), or high-level calibration drift exceeds two times the applicable calibration drift specification in the applicable performance specification or in the relevant standard;

(2) The continuous monitoring system fails a performance test audit (e.g., cylinder gas audit), relative accuracy audit, relative accuracy test audit, or linearity test audit; and

(3) The continuous opacity monitoring system calibration drift exceeds two times the limit in the applicable performance specification in the relevant standard.

§ 60.2215

What else must I report if I have a deviation from the operating limits or the emission limitations?

(a) You must submit a deviation report if any recorded 3-hour average parameter level is above the maximum operating limit or below the minimum operating limit established under this subpart, if the bag leak detection system alarm sounds for more than 5 percent of the operating time for the 6-month reporting period, or if a performance test was conducted that deviated from any emission limitation.

(b) The deviation report must be submitted by August 1 of that year for data collected during the first half of the calendar year (January 1 to June 30), and by February 1 of the following year for data you collected during the second half of the calendar year (July 1 to December 31).

§ 60.2220

What must I include in the deviation report?

In each report required under § 60.2215, for any pollutant or parameter that deviated from the emission limitations or operating limits specified in this subpart, include the six items described in paragraphs (a) through (f) of this section:

(a) The calendar dates and times your unit deviated from the emission limitations or operating limit requirements;

(b) The averaged and recorded data for those dates;

(c) Durations and causes of the following:

(1) Each deviation from emission limitations or operating limits and your corrective actions;

(2) Bypass events and your corrective actions; and

(d) A copy of the operating limit monitoring data during each deviation and for any test report that documents the emission levels the process unit(s) tested, the pollutant(s) tested and the date that the performance test was conducted. Submit, following the procedure specified in § 60.2235(b)(1), the performance test report no later than the date that you submit the deviation report.

§ 60.2225

What else must I report if I have a deviation from the requirement to have a qualified operator accessible?

(a) If all qualified operators are not accessible for 2 weeks or more, you must take the two actions in paragraphs (a)(1) and (2) of this section:

(1) Submit a notification of the deviation within 10 days that includes the three items in paragraphs (a)(1)(i) through (iii) of this section:

(i) A statement of what caused the deviation;

(ii) A description of what you are doing to ensure that a qualified operator is accessible; and

(iii) The date when you anticipate that a qualified operator will be available.

(2) Submit a status report to the Administrator every 4 weeks that includes the three items in paragraphs (a)(2)(i) through (iii) of this section:

(i) A description of what you are doing to ensure that a qualified operator is accessible;

(ii) The date when you anticipate that a qualified operator will be accessible; and

(iii) Request approval from the Administrator to continue operation of the CISWI unit.

(b) If your unit was shut down by the Administrator, under the provisions of § 60.2100(b)(2), due to a failure to provide an accessible qualified operator, you must notify the Administrator that you are resuming operation once a qualified operator is accessible.

§ 60.2230

Are there any other notifications or reports that I must submit?

(a) Yes. You must submit notifications as provided by § 60.7.

(b) If you cease combusting solid waste but continue to operate, you must provide 30 days prior notice of the effective date of the waste-to-fuel switch, consistent with 60.2145(a). The notification must identify:

(1) The name of the owner or operator of the CISWI unit, the location of the source, the emissions unit(s) that will cease burning solid waste, and the date of the notice;

(2) The currently applicable subcategory under this subpart, and any 40 CFR part 63 subpart and subcategory that will be applicable after you cease combusting solid waste;

(3) The fuel(s), non-waste material(s) and solid waste(s) the CISWI unit is currently combusting and has combusted over the past 6 months, and the fuel(s) or non-waste materials the unit will commence combusting;

(4) The date on which you became subject to the currently applicable emission limits; and

(5) The date upon which you will cease combusting solid waste, and the date (if different) that you intend for any new requirements to become applicable (i.e., the effective date of the waste-to-fuel switch), consistent with paragraphs (b)(2) and (3) of this section.

§ 60.2235

In what form can I submit my reports?

(a) Submit initial, annual and deviation reports electronically on or before the submittal due dates. Submit the reports to the EPA via the Compliance and Emissions Data Reporting Interface (CEDRI). (CEDRI can be accessed through the EPA's Central Data Exchange (CDX) (https://cdx.epa.gov/​).) Use the appropriate electronic report in CEDRI for this subpart or an alternate electronic file format consistent with the extensible markup language (XML) schema listed on the CEDRI Web site (https://www3.epa.gov/​ttn/​chief/​cedri/​index.html). If the reporting form specific to this subpart is not available in CEDRI at the time that the report is due, submit the report to the Administrator at the appropriate address listed in § 60.4. Once the form has been available in CEDRI for 90 calendar days, you must begin submitting all subsequent reports via CEDRI. The reports must be submitted by the deadlines specified in this subpart, regardless of the method in which the report is submitted.

(b) Submit results of each performance test and CEMS performance evaluation required by this subpart as follows:

(1) Within 60 days after the date of completing each performance test (see § 60.8) required by this subpart, you must submit the results of the performance test following the procedure specified in either paragraph (b)(1)(i) or (b)(1)(ii) of this section:

(i) For data collected using test methods supported by the EPA's Electronic Reporting Tool (ERT) as listed on the EPA's ERT Web site (https://www3.epa.gov/​ttn/​chief/​ert/​ert_​info.html) at the time of the test, you must submit the results of the performance test to the EPA via the CEDRI. (CEDRI can be accessed through the EPA's CDX (https://cdx.epa.gov/​).) Performance test data must be submitted in a file format generated through the use of the EPA's ERT or an alternate electronic file format consistent with the XML schema listed on the EPA's ERT Web site. If you claim that some of the performance test information being submitted is confidential business information (CBI), you must submit a complete file generated through the use of the EPA's ERT or an alternate electronic file consistent with the XML schema listed on the EPA's ERT Web site, including information claimed to be CBI, on a compact disc, flash drive, or other commonly used electronic storage media to the EPA. The electronic media must be clearly marked as CBI and mailed to U.S. EPA/OAQPS/CORE CBI Office, Attention: Group Leader, Measurement Policy Group, MD C404-02, 4930 Old Page Rd., Durham, NC 27703. The same ERT or alternate file with the CBI omitted must be submitted to the EPA via the EPA's CDX as described earlier in this paragraph; and

(ii) For data collected using test methods that are not supported by the EPA's ERT as listed on the EPA's ERT Web site at the time of the test, you must submit the results of the performance test to the Administrator at the appropriate address listed in § 60.4.

(2) Within 60 days after the date of completing each continuous emissions monitoring system performance evaluation you must submit the results of the performance evaluation following the procedure specified in either paragraph (b)(2)(i) or (b)(2)(ii) of this section:

(i) For performance evaluations of continuous monitoring systems measuring relative accuracy test audit (RATA) pollutants that are supported by the EPA's ERT as listed on the EPA's ERT Web site at the time of the evaluation, you must submit the results of the performance evaluation to the EPA via the CEDRI. (CEDRI can be accessed through the EPA's CDX.) Performance evaluation data must be submitted in a file format generated through the use of the EPA's ERT or an alternate file format consistent with the XML schema listed on the EPA's ERT Web site. If you claim that some of the performance evaluation information being submitted is CBI, you must submit a complete file generated through the use of the EPA's ERT or an alternate electronic file consistent with the XML schema listed on the EPA's ERT Web site, including information claimed to be CBI, on a compact disc, flash drive, or other commonly used electronic storage media to the EPA. The electronic storage media must be clearly marked as CBI and mailed to U.S. EPA/OAQPS/CORE CBI Office, Attention: Group Leader, Measurement Policy Group, MD C404-02, 4930 Old Page Rd., Durham, NC 27703. The same ERT or alternate file with the CBI omitted must be submitted to the EPA via the EPA's CDX as described earlier in this paragraph; and

(ii) For any performance evaluations of continuous monitoring systems measuring RATA pollutants that are not supported by the EPA's ERT as listed on the EPA's ERT Web site at the time of the evaluation, you must submit the results of the performance evaluation to the Administrator at the appropriate address listed in § 60.4.

§ 60.2240

Can reporting dates be changed?

If the Administrator agrees, you may change the semiannual or annual reporting dates. See § 60.19(c) for procedures to seek approval to change your reporting date.

Title V Operating Permits

§ 60.2242

Am I required to apply for and obtain a Title V operating permit for my unit?

Yes. Each CISWI unit and air curtain incinerator subject to standards under this subpart must operate pursuant to a permit issued under Section 129(e) and Title V of the Clean Air Act.

Air Curtain Incinerators

§ 60.2245

What is an air curtain incinerator?

(a) An air curtain incinerator operates by forcefully projecting a curtain of air across an open chamber or open pit in which combustion occurs. Incinerators of this type can be constructed above or below ground and with or without refractory walls and floor. (Air curtain incinerators are not to be confused with conventional combustion devices with enclosed fireboxes and controlled air technology such as mass burn, modular, and fluidized bed combustors.)

(b) Air curtain incinerators that burn only the materials listed in paragraphs (b)(1) through (3) of this section are only required to meet the requirements under § 60.2242 and under “Air Curtain Incinerators” (§§ 60.2245 through 60.2260):

(1) 100 percent wood waste;

(2) 100 percent clean lumber; and

(3) 100 percent mixture of only wood waste, clean lumber, and/or yard waste.

§ 60.2250

What are the emission limitations for air curtain incinerators?

Within 60 days after your air curtain incinerator reaches the charge rate at which it will operate, but no later than 180 days after its initial startup, you must meet the two limitations specified in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section:

(a) Maintain opacity to less than or equal to 10 percent opacity (as determined by the average of three 1-hour blocks consisting of ten 6-minute average opacity values), except as described in paragraph (b) of this section; and

(b) Maintain opacity to less than or equal to 35 percent opacity (as determined by the average of three 1-hour blocks consisting of ten 6-minute average opacity values) during the startup period that is within the first 30 minutes of operation.

§ 60.2255

How must I monitor opacity for air curtain incinerators?

(a) Use Method 9 of appendix A of this part to determine compliance with the opacity limitation.

(b) Conduct an initial test for opacity as specified in § 60.8.

(c) After the initial test for opacity, conduct annual tests no more than 12 calendar months following the date of your previous test.

§ 60.2260

What are the recordkeeping and reporting requirements for air curtain incinerators?

(a) Prior to commencing construction on your air curtain incinerator, submit the three items described in paragraphs (a)(1) through (3) of this section:

(1) Notification of your intent to construct the air curtain incinerators;

(2) Your planned initial startup date; and

(3) Types of materials you plan to burn in your air curtain incinerator.

(b) Keep records of results of all initial and annual opacity tests onsite in either paper copy or electronic format, unless the Administrator approves another format, for at least 5 years.

(c) Make all records available for submittal to the Administrator or for an inspector's onsite review.

(d) You must submit the results (as determined by the average of three 1-hour blocks consisting of ten 6-minute average opacity values) of the initial opacity tests no later than 60 days following the initial test. Submit annual opacity test results within 12 months following the previous report.

(e) Submit initial and annual opacity test reports as electronic or paper copy on or before the applicable submittal date.

(f) Keep a copy of the initial and annual reports onsite for a period of 5 years.

Definitions

§ 60.2265

What definitions must I know?

Terms used but not defined in this subpart are defined in the Clean Air Act and subpart A (General Provisions) of this part.

30-day rolling average means the arithmetic mean of the previous 720 hours of valid operating data. Valid data excludes periods when this unit is not operating. The 720 hours should be consecutive, but not necessarily continuous if operations are intermittent.

Administrator means the Administrator of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency or his/her authorized representative or Administrator of a State Air Pollution Control Agency.

Air curtain incinerator means an incinerator that operates by forcefully projecting a curtain of air across an open chamber or pit in which combustion occurs. Incinerators of this type can be constructed above or below ground and with or without refractory walls and floor. (Air curtain incinerators are not to be confused with conventional combustion devices with enclosed fireboxes and controlled air technology such as mass burn, modular, and fluidized bed combustors.)

Annual heat input means the heat input for the 12 months preceding the compliance demonstration.

Auxiliary fuel means natural gas, liquified petroleum gas, fuel oil, or diesel fuel.

Average annual heat input rate means annual heat input divided by the hours of operation for the 12 months preceding the compliance demonstration.

Bag leak detection system means an instrument that is capable of monitoring particulate matter loadings in the exhaust of a fabric filter (i.e., baghouse) in order to detect bag failures. A bag leak detection system includes, but is not limited to, an instrument that operates on triboelectric, light scattering, light transmittance, or other principle to monitor relative particulate matter loadings.

Burn-off oven means any rack reclamation unit, part reclamation unit, or drum reclamation unit. A burn-off oven is not an incinerator, waste-burning kiln, an energy recovery unit or a small, remote incinerator under this subpart.

Bypass stack means a device used for discharging combustion gases to avoid severe damage to the air pollution control device or other equipment.

Calendar quarter means three consecutive months (nonoverlapping) beginning on: January 1, April 1, July 1, or October 1.

Calendar year means 365 consecutive days starting on January 1 and ending on December 31.

CEMS data during startup and shutdown means the following:

(1) For incinerators and small remote incinerators: CEMS data collected during the first hours of a CISWI unit startup from a cold start until waste is fed to the unit and the hours of operation following the cessation of waste material being fed to the CISWI unit during a unit shutdown. For each startup event, the length of time that CEMS data may be claimed as being CEMS data during startup must be 48 operating hours or less. For each shutdown event, the length of time that CEMS data may be claimed as being CEMS data during shutdown must be 24 operating hours or less;

(2) For energy recovery units: CEMS data collected during the startup or shutdown periods of operation. Startup begins with either the first-ever firing of fuel in a boiler or process heater for the purpose of supplying useful thermal energy (such as steam or heat) for heating, cooling or process purposes, or producing electricity, or the firing of fuel in a boiler or process heater for any purpose after a shutdown event. Startup ends four hours after when the boiler or process heater makes useful thermal energy (such as heat or steam) for heating, cooling, or process purposes, or generates electricity, whichever is earlier. Shutdown begins when the boiler or process heater no longer makes useful thermal energy (such as heat or steam) for heating, cooling, or process purposes and/or generates electricity or when no fuel is being fed to the boiler or process heater, whichever is earlier. Shutdown ends when the boiler or process heater no longer makes useful thermal energy (such as steam or heat) for heating, cooling, or process purposes and/or generates electricity, and no fuel is being combusted in the boiler or process heater; and

(3) For waste-burning kilns: CEMS data collected during the periods of kiln operation that do not include normal operations. Startup means the time from when a shutdown kiln first begins firing fuel until it begins producing clinker. Startup begins when a shutdown kiln turns on the induced draft fan and begins firing fuel in the main burner. Startup ends when feed is being continuously introduced into the kiln for at least 120 minutes or when the feed rate exceeds 60 percent of the kiln design limitation rate, whichever occurs first. Shutdown means the cessation of kiln operation. Shutdown begins when feed to the kiln is halted and ends when continuous kiln rotation ceases.

Chemical recovery unit means combustion units burning materials to recover chemical constituents or to produce chemical compounds where there is an existing commercial market for such recovered chemical constituents or compounds. A chemical recovery unit is not an incinerator, a waste-burning kiln, an energy recovery unit or a small, remote incinerator under this subpart. The following seven types of units are considered chemical recovery units:

(1) Units burning only pulping liquors (i.e., black liquor) that are reclaimed in a pulping liquor recovery process and reused in the pulping process;

(2) Units burning only spent sulfuric acid used to produce virgin sulfuric acid;

(3) Units burning only wood or coal feedstock for the production of charcoal;

(4) Units burning only manufacturing byproduct streams/residue containing catalyst metals that are reclaimed and reused as catalysts or used to produce commercial grade catalysts;

(5) Units burning only coke to produce purified carbon monoxide that is used as an intermediate in the production of other chemical compounds;

(6) Units burning only hydrocarbon liquids or solids to produce hydrogen, carbon monoxide, synthesis gas, or other gases for use in other manufacturing processes; and

(7) Units burning only photographic film to recover silver.

Chemotherapeutic waste means waste material resulting from the production or use of antineoplastic agents used for the purpose of stopping or reversing the growth of malignant cells.

Clean lumber means wood or wood products that have been cut or shaped and include wet, air-dried, and kiln-dried wood products. Clean lumber does not include wood products that have been painted, pigment-stained, or pressure-treated by compounds such as chromate copper arsenate, pentachlorophenol, and creosote.

Commercial and industrial solid waste incineration (CISWI) unit means any distinct operating unit of any commercial or industrial facility that combusts, or has combusted in the preceding 6 months, any solid waste as that term is defined in 40 CFR part 241. If the operating unit burns materials other than traditional fuels as defined in § 241.2 that have been discarded, and you do not keep and produce records as required by § 60.2175(v), the operating unit is a CISWI unit. While not all CISWI units will include all of the following components, a CISWI unit includes, but is not limited to, the solid waste feed system, grate system, flue gas system, waste heat recovery equipment, if any, and bottom ash system. The CISWI unit does not include air pollution control equipment or the stack. The CISWI unit boundary starts at the solid waste hopper (if applicable) and extends through two areas: The combustion unit flue gas system, which ends immediately after the last combustion chamber or after the waste heat recovery equipment, if any; and the combustion unit bottom ash system, which ends at the truck loading station or similar equipment that transfers the ash to final disposal. The CISWI unit includes all ash handling systems connected to the bottom ash handling system.

Contained gaseous material means gases that are in a container when that container is combusted.

Continuous emission monitoring system (CEMS) means the total equipment that may be required to meet the data acquisition and availability requirements of this subpart, used to sample, condition (if applicable), analyze, and provide a record of emissions.

Continuous monitoring system (CMS) means the total equipment, required under the emission monitoring sections in applicable subparts, used to sample and condition (if applicable), to analyze, and to provide a permanent record of emissions or process parameters. A particulate matter continuous parameter monitoring system (PM CPMS) is a type of CMS.

Cyclonic burn barrel means a combustion device for waste materials that is attached to a 55 gallon, open-head drum. The device consists of a lid, which fits onto and encloses the drum, and a blower that forces combustion air into the drum in a cyclonic manner to enhance the mixing of waste material and air. A cyclonic burn barrel is not an incinerator, a waste-burning kiln, an energy recovery unit or a small, remote incinerator under this subpart.

Deviation means any instance in which an affected source subject to this subpart, or an owner or operator of such a source:

(1) Fails to meet any requirement or obligation established by this subpart, including but not limited to any emission limitation, operating limit, or operator qualification and accessibility requirements; and

(2) Fails to meet any term or condition that is adopted to implement an applicable requirement in this subpart and that is included in the operating permit for any affected source required to obtain such a permit.

Dioxins/furans means tetra- through octa-chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans.

Discard means, for purposes of this subpart and 40 CFR part 60, subpart DDDD, only, burned in an incineration unit without energy recovery.

Drum reclamation unit means a unit that burns residues out of drums (e.g., 55 gallon drums) so that the drums can be reused.

Dry scrubber means an add-on air pollution control system that injects dry alkaline sorbent (dry injection) or sprays an alkaline sorbent (spray dryer) to react with and neutralize acid gas in the exhaust stream forming a dry powder material. Sorbent injection systems in fluidized bed boilers and process heaters are included in this definition. A dry scrubber is a dry control system.

Energy recovery means the process of recovering thermal energy from combustion for useful purposes such as steam generation or process heating.

Energy recovery unit means a combustion unit combusting solid waste (as that term is defined by the Administrator in 40 CFR part 241) for energy recovery. Energy recovery units include units that would be considered boilers and process heaters if they did not combust solid waste.

Energy recovery unit designed to burn biomass (Biomass) means an energy recovery unit that burns solid waste, biomass, and non-coal solid materials but less than 10 percent coal, on a heat input basis on an annual average, either alone or in combination with liquid waste, liquid fuel or gaseous fuels.

Energy recovery unit designed to burn coal (Coal) means an energy recovery unit that burns solid waste and at least 10 percent coal on a heat input basis on an annual average, either alone or in combination with liquid waste, liquid fuel or gaseous fuels.

Energy recovery unit designed to burn liquid waste materials and gas (Liquid/gas) means an energy recovery unit that burns a liquid waste with liquid or gaseous fuels not combined with any solid fuel or waste materials.

Energy recovery unit designed to burn solid materials (Solids) includes energy recovery units designed to burn coal and energy recovery units designed to burn biomass.

Fabric filter means an add-on air pollution control device used to capture particulate matter by filtering gas streams through filter media, also known as a baghouse.

Foundry sand thermal reclamation unit means a type of part reclamation unit that removes coatings that are on foundry sand. A foundry sand thermal reclamation unit is not an incinerator, a waste-burning kiln, an energy recovery unit or a small, remote incinerator under this subpart.

Incinerator means any furnace used in the process of combusting solid waste (as that term is defined by the Administrator in 40 CFR part 241) for the purpose of reducing the volume of the waste by removing combustible matter. Incinerator designs include single chamber and two-chamber.

In-line coal mill means those coal mills using kiln exhaust gases in their process. Coal mills with a heat source other than the kiln or coal mills using exhaust gases from the clinker cooler alone are not an in-line coal mill.

In-line kiln/raw mill means a system in a Portland Cement production process where a dry kiln system is integrated with the raw mill so that all or a portion of the kiln exhaust gases are used to perform the drying operation of the raw mill, with no auxiliary heat source used. In this system the kiln is capable of operating without the raw mill operating, but the raw mill cannot operate without the kiln gases, and consequently, the raw mill does not generate a separate exhaust gas stream.

Kiln means an oven or furnace, including any associated preheater or precalciner devices, in-line raw mills, in-line coal mills or alkali bypasses used for processing a substance by burning, firing or drying. Kilns include cement kilns that produce clinker by heating limestone and other materials for subsequent production of Portland Cement. Because the alkali bypass, in-line raw mill and in-line coal mill are considered an integral part of the kiln, the kiln emissions limits also apply to the exhaust of the alkali bypass, in-line raw mill and in-line coal mill.

Laboratory analysis unit means units that burn samples of materials for the purpose of chemical or physical analysis. A laboratory analysis unit is not an incinerator, waste-burning kiln, an energy recovery unit or a small, remote incinerator under this subpart.

Load fraction means the actual heat input of an energy recovery unit divided by heat input during the performance test that established the minimum sorbent injection rate or minimum activated carbon injection rate, expressed as a fraction (e.g., for 50 percent load the load fraction is 0.5).

Low-level radioactive waste means waste material which contains radioactive nuclides emitting primarily beta or gamma radiation, or both, in concentrations or quantities that exceed applicable federal or state standards for unrestricted release. Low-level radioactive waste is not high-level radioactive waste, spent nuclear fuel, or byproduct material as defined by the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2014(e)(2)).

Malfunction means any sudden, infrequent, and not reasonably preventable failure of air pollution control equipment, process equipment, or a process to operate in a normal or usual manner. Failures that are caused, in part, by poor maintenance or careless operation are not malfunctions.

Minimum voltage or amperage means 90 percent of the lowest test-run average voltage or amperage to the electrostatic precipitator measured during the most recent particulate matter or mercury performance test demonstrating compliance with the applicable emission limits.

Modification or modified CISWI unit means a CISWI unit that has been changed later than August 7, 2013 and that meets one of two criteria:

(1) The cumulative cost of the changes over the life of the unit exceeds 50 percent of the original cost of building and installing the CISWI unit (not including the cost of land) updated to current costs (current dollars). To determine what systems are within the boundary of the CISWI unit used to calculate these costs, see the definition of CISWI unit; and

(2) Any physical change in the CISWI unit or change in the method of operating it that increases the amount of any air pollutant emitted for which section 129 or section 111 of the Clean Air Act has established standards.

Municipal solid waste or municipal-type solid waste means household, commercial/retail, or institutional waste. Household waste includes material discarded by residential dwellings, hotels, motels, and other similar permanent or temporary housing. Commercial/retail waste includes material discarded by stores, offices, restaurants, warehouses, nonmanufacturing activities at industrial facilities, and other similar establishments or facilities. Institutional waste includes materials discarded by schools, by hospitals (nonmedical), by nonmanufacturing activities at prisons and government facilities, and other similar establishments or facilities. Household, commercial/retail, and institutional waste does include yard waste and refuse-derived fuel. Household, commercial/retail, and institutional waste does not include used oil; sewage sludge; wood pallets; construction, renovation, and demolition wastes (which include railroad ties and telephone poles); clean wood; industrial process or manufacturing wastes; medical waste; or motor vehicles (including motor vehicle parts or vehicle fluff).

Opacity means the degree to which emissions reduce the transmission of light and obscure the view of an object in the background.

Operating day means a 24-hour period between 12 midnight and the following midnight during which any amount of solid waste is combusted at any time in the CISWI unit.

Oxygen analyzer system means all equipment required to determine the oxygen content of a gas stream and used to monitor oxygen in the boiler or process heater flue gas, boiler or process heater, firebox, or other appropriate location. This definition includes oxygen trim systems and certified oxygen CEMS. The source owner or operator is responsible to install, calibrate, maintain, and operate the oxygen analyzer system in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations.

Oxygen trim system means a system of monitors that is used to maintain excess air at the desired level in a combustion device over its operating range. A typical system consists of a flue gas oxygen and/or carbon monoxide monitor that automatically provides a feedback signal to the combustion air controller or draft controller.

Part reclamation unit means a unit that burns coatings off parts (e.g., tools, equipment) so that the parts can be reconditioned and reused.

Particulate matter means total particulate matter emitted from CISWI units as measured by Method 5 or Method 29 of appendix A of this part.

Pathological waste means waste material consisting of only human or animal remains, anatomical parts, and/or tissue, the bags/containers used to collect and transport the waste material, and animal bedding (if applicable).

Performance evaluation means the conduct of relative accuracy testing, calibration error testing, and other measurements used in validating the continuous monitoring system data.

Performance test means the collection of data resulting from the execution of a test method (usually three emission test runs) used to demonstrate compliance with a relevant emission standard as specified in the performance test section of the relevant standard.

Process change means any of the following physical or operational changes:

(1) A physical change (maintenance activities excluded) to the CISWI unit which may increase the emission rate of any air pollutant to which a standard applies;

(2) An operational change to the CISWI unit where a new type of non-hazardous secondary material is being combusted;

(3) A physical change (maintenance activities excluded) to the air pollution control devices used to comply with the emission limits for the CISWI unit (e.g., replacing an electrostatic precipitator with a fabric filter); and

(4) An operational change to the air pollution control devices used to comply with the emission limits for the affected CISWI unit (e.g., change in the sorbent injection rate used for activated carbon injection).

Rack reclamation unit means a unit that burns the coatings off racks used to hold small items for application of a coating. The unit burns the coating overspray off the rack so the rack can be reused.

Raw mill means a ball or tube mill, vertical roller mill or other size reduction equipment, that is not part of an in-line kiln/raw mill, used to grind feed to the appropriate size. Moisture may be added or removed from the feed during the grinding operation. If the raw mill is used to remove moisture from feed materials, it is also, by definition, a raw material dryer. The raw mill also includes the air separator associated with the raw mill.

Reconstruction means rebuilding a CISWI unit and meeting two criteria:

(1) The reconstruction begins on or after August 7, 2013; and

(2) The cumulative cost of the construction over the life of the incineration unit exceeds 50 percent of the original cost of building and installing the CISWI unit (not including land) updated to current costs (current dollars). To determine what systems are within the boundary of the CISWI unit used to calculate these costs, see the definition of CISWI unit.

Refuse-derived fuel means a type of municipal solid waste produced by processing municipal solid waste through shredding and size classification. This includes all classes of refuse-derived fuel including two fuels:

(1) Low-density fluff refuse-derived fuel through densified refuse-derived fuel; and

(2) Pelletized refuse-derived fuel.

Responsible official means one of the following:

(1) For a corporation: A president, secretary, treasurer, or vice-president of the corporation in charge of a principal business function, or any other person who performs similar policy or decision-making functions for the corporation, or a duly authorized representative of such person if the representative is responsible for the overall operation of one or more manufacturing, production, or operating facilities applying for or subject to a permit and either:

(i) The facilities employ more than 250 persons or have gross annual sales or expenditures exceeding $25 million (in second quarter 1980 dollars); or

(ii) The delegation of authority to such representatives is approved in advance by the permitting authority;

(2) For a partnership or sole proprietorship: A general partner or the proprietor, respectively;

(3) For a municipality, state, federal, or other public agency: Either a principal executive officer or ranking elected official. For the purposes of this part, a principal executive officer of a federal agency includes the chief executive officer having responsibility for the overall operations of a principal geographic unit of the agency (e.g., a Regional Administrator of EPA); or

(4) For affected facilities:

(i) The designated representative in so far as actions, standards, requirements, or prohibitions under Title IV of the Clean Air Act or the regulations promulgated thereunder are concerned; or

(ii) The designated representative for any other purposes under part 60.

Shutdown means, for incinerators and small, remote incinerators, the period of time after all waste has been combusted in the primary chamber.

Small, remote incinerator means an incinerator that combusts solid waste (as that term is defined by the Administrator in 40 CFR part 241) and combusts 3 tons per day or less solid waste and is more than 25 miles driving distance to the nearest municipal solid waste landfill.

Soil treatment unit means a unit that thermally treats petroleum-contaminated soils for the sole purpose of site remediation. A soil treatment unit may be direct-fired or indirect fired. A soil treatment unit is not an incinerator, a waste-burning kiln, an energy recovery unit or a small, remote incinerator under this subpart.

Solid waste means the term solid waste as defined in 40 CFR 241.2.

Solid waste incineration unit means a distinct operating unit of any facility which combusts any solid waste (as that term is defined by the Administrator in 40 CFR part 241) material from commercial or industrial establishments or the general public (including single and multiple residences, hotels and motels). Such term does not include incinerators or other units required to have a permit under section 3005 of the Solid Waste Disposal Act. The term “solid waste incineration unit” does not include:

(1) Materials recovery facilities (including primary or secondary smelters) which combust waste for the primary purpose of recovering metals;

(2) Qualifying small power production facilities, as defined in section 3(17)(C) of the Federal Power Act (16 U.S.C. 769(17)(C)), or qualifying cogeneration facilities, as defined in section 3(18)(B) of the Federal Power Act (16 U.S.C. 796(18)(B)), which burn homogeneous waste (such as units which burn tires or used oil, but not including refuse-derived fuel) for the production of electric energy or in the case of qualifying cogeneration facilities which burn homogeneous waste for the production of electric energy and steam or forms of useful energy (such as heat) which are used for industrial, commercial, heating or cooling purposes; or

(3) Air curtain incinerators provided that such incinerators only burn wood wastes, yard wastes, and clean lumber and that such air curtain incinerators comply with opacity limitations to be established by the Administrator by rule.

Space heater means a unit that meets the requirements of 40 CFR 279.23. A space heater is not an incinerator, a waste-burning kiln, an energy recovery unit or a small, remote incinerator under this subpart.

Standard conditions, when referring to units of measure, means a temperature of 68 °F (20 °C) and a pressure of 1 atmosphere (101.3 kilopascals).

Startup period means, for incinerators and small, remote incinerators, the period of time between the activation of the system and the first charge to the unit.

Useful thermal energy means energy (i.e., steam, hot water, or process heat) that meets the minimum operating temperature and/or pressure required by any energy use system that uses energy provided by the affected energy recovery unit.

Waste-burning kiln means a kiln that is heated, in whole or in part, by combusting solid waste (as that term is defined by the Administrator in 40 CFR part 241). Secondary materials used in Portland cement kilns shall not be deemed to be combusted unless they are introduced into the flame zone in the hot end of the kiln or mixed with the precalciner fuel.

Wet scrubber means an add-on air pollution control device that uses an aqueous or alkaline scrubbing liquor to collect particulate matter (including nonvaporous metals and condensed organics) and/or to absorb and neutralize acid gases.

Wood waste means untreated wood and untreated wood products, including tree stumps (whole or chipped), trees, tree limbs (whole or chipped), bark, sawdust, chips, scraps, slabs, millings, and shavings. Wood waste does not include:

(1) Grass, grass clippings, bushes, shrubs, and clippings from bushes and shrubs from residential, commercial/retail, institutional, or industrial sources as part of maintaining yards or other private or public lands;

(2) Construction, renovation, or demolition wastes; and

(3) Clean lumber.

Table 1 to Subpart CCCC of Part 60—Emission Limitations for Incinerators for Which Construction Is Commenced After November 30, 1999, But No Later Than June 4, 2010, or for Which Modification or Reconstruction Is Commenced on or After June 1, 2001, But No Later Than August 7, 2013

For the air pollutant	You must meet this emission limitation 1	Using this averaging time	And determining compliance using this method
Cadmium	0.004 milligrams per dry standard cubic meter	3-run average (1 hour minimum sample time per run)	Performance test (Method 29 of appendix A of this part).
Carbon monoxide	157 parts per million by dry volume	3-run average (1 hour minimum sample time per run)	Performance test (Method 10 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-4).
Dioxin/Furan (toxic equivalency basis)	0.41 nanograms per dry standard cubic meter	3-run average (collect a minimum volume of 4 dry standard cubic meters per run)	Performance test (Method 23 of appendix A-7 of this part).
Hydrogen chloride	62 parts per million by dry volume	3-run average (For Method 26, collect a minimum volume of 120 liters per run. For Method 26A, collect a minimum volume of 1 dry standard cubic meter per run)	Performance test (Method 26 or 26A at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-8).
Lead	0.04 milligrams per dry standard cubic meter	3-run average (1 hour minimum sample time per run)	Performance test (Method 29 of appendix A of this part).
Mercury	0.47 milligrams per dry standard cubic meter	3-run average (1 hour minimum sample time per run)	Performance test (Method 29 of appendix A of this part).
Nitrogen Oxides	388 parts per million by dry volume	3-run average (for Method 7E, 1 hour minimum sample time per run)	Performance test (Method 7 or 7E at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-4).
Opacity	10 percent	6-minute averages	Performance test (Method 9 of appendix A of this part).
Oxides of nitrogen	388 parts per million by dry volume	3-run average (1 hour minimum sample time per run)	Performance test (Method 7, 7A, 7C, 7D, or 7E of appendix A of this part).
Particulate matter	70 milligrams per dry standard cubic meter	3-run average (1 hour minimum sample time per run)	Performance test (Method 5 or 29 of appendix A of this part).
Sulfur Dioxide	20 parts per million by dry volume	3-run average (For Method 6, collect a minimum volume of 20 liters per run. For Method 6C, collect sample for a minimum duration of 1 hour per run)	Performance test (Method 6 or 6C at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-4).
1 All emission limitations (except for opacity) are measured at 7 percent oxygen, dry basis at standard conditions.

Table 2 to Subpart CCCC of Part 60—Operating Limits for Wet Scrubbers

For these operating parameters	You must establish these operating limits	And monitoring using these minimum frequencies
		Data measurement	Data recording	Averaging time
Charge rate	Maximum charge rate	Continuous	Every hour	Daily (batch units) 3-hour rolling (continuous and intermittent units).1
Pressure drop across the wet scrubber or amperage to wet scrubber	Minimum pressure drop or amperage	Continuous	Every 15 minutes	3-hour rolling.1
Scrubber liquor flow rate	Minimum flow rate	Continuous	Every 15 minutes	3-hour rolling.1
Scrubber liquor pH	Minimum pH	Continuous	Every 15 minutes	3-hour rolling.1
1 Calculated each hour as the average of the previous 3 operating hours.

Table 3 to Subpart CCCC of Part 60—Toxic Equivalency Factors

Dioxin/furan congener	Toxic equivalency factor
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin	1
1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin	0.5
1,2,3,4,7,8-hexachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin	0.1
1,2,3,7,8,9-hexachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin	0.1
1,2,3,6,7,8-hexachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin	0.1
1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin	0.01
Octachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin	0.001
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorinated dibenzofuran	0.1
2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorinated dibenzofuran	0.5
1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorinated dibenzofuran	0.05
1,2,3,4,7,8-hexachlorinated dibenzofuran	0.1
1,2,3,6,7,8-hexachlorinated dibenzofuran	0.1
1,2,3,7,8,9-hexachlorinated dibenzofuran	0.1
2,3,4,6,7,8-hexachlorinated dibenzofuran	0.1
1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorinated dibenzofuran	0.01
1,2,3,4,7,8,9-heptachlorinated dibenzofuran	0.01
Octachlorinated dibenzofuran	0.001

Table 4 to Subpart CCCC of Part 60—Summary of Reporting Requirements ¹

Report	Due date	Contents	Reference
Preconstruction report	Prior to commencing construction	Statement of intent to construct Anticipated date of commencement of construction	§ 60.2190.
		Documentation for siting requirements
		Waste management plan
		Anticipated date of initial startup
Startup notification	Prior to initial startup	• Type of waste to be burned	§ 60.2195.
		• Maximum design waste burning capacity
		• Anticipated maximum charge rate
		• If applicable, the petition for site-specific operating limits
Initial test report	No later than 60 days following the initial performance test	• Complete test report for the initial performance test • The values for the site-specific operating limits	§ 60.2200.
		• Installation of bag leak detection system for fabric filter
Annual report	No later than 12 months following the submission of the initial test report. Subsequent reports are to be submitted no more than 12 months following the previous report	• Name and address • Statement and signature by responsible official • Date of report. • Values for the operating limits. • Highest recorded 3-hour average and the lowest 3-hour average, as applicable, for each operating parameter recorded for the calendar year being reported	§§ 60.2205 and 60.2210.
		• For each performance test conducted during the reporting period, if any performance test is conducted, the process unit(s) tested, the pollutant(s) tested, and the date that such performance test was conducted
		• If a performance test was not conducted during the reporting period, a statement that the requirements of § 60.2155(a) were met
		• Documentation of periods when all qualified CISWI unit operators were unavailable for more than 8 hours but less than 2 weeks
		• If you are conducting performance tests once every 3 years consistent with § 60.2155(a), the date of the last 2 performance tests, a comparison of the emission level you achieved in the last 2 performance tests to the 75 percent emission limit threshold required in § 60.2155(a) and a statement as to whether there have been any operational changes since the last performance test that could increase emissions
Emission limitation or operating limit deviation report	By August 1 of that year for data collected during the first half of the calendar year. By February 1 of the following year for data collected during the second half of the calendar year	• Dates and times of deviation • Averaged and recorded data for those dates • Duration and causes of each deviation and the corrective actions taken • Copy of operating limit monitoring data and, if any performance test was conducted that documents emission levels, the process unit(s) tested, the pollutant(s) tested, and the date that such performance text was conducted • Dates, times and causes for monitor downtime incidents	§ 60.2215 and 60.2220.
Qualified operator deviation notification	Within 10 days of deviation	• Statement of cause of deviation • Description of efforts to have an accessible qualified operator	§ 60.2225(a)(1).
		• The date a qualified operator will be accessible
Qualified operator deviation status report	Every 4 weeks following deviation	• Description of efforts to have an accessible qualified operator • The date a qualified operator will be accessible	§ 60.2225(a)(2).
		• Request for approval to continue operation
Qualified operator deviation notification of resumed operation	Prior to resuming operation	• Notification that you are resuming operation	§ 60.2225(b).
1 This table is only a summary, see the referenced sections of the rule for the complete requirements.

Table 5 to Subpart CCCC of Part 60—Emission Limitations for Incinerators That Commenced Construction After June 4, 2010, or That Commenced Reconstruction or Modification After August 7, 2013

For the air pollutant	You must meet this emission limitation 1	Using this averaging time	And determining compliance using this method
Cadmium	0.0023 milligrams per dry standard cubic meter	3-run average (collect a minimum volume of 4 dry standard cubic meter per run)	Performance test (Method 29 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-8 of this part). Use ICPMS for the analytical finish.
Carbon monoxide	17 parts per million by dry volume	3-run average (1 hour minimum sample time per run)	Performance test (Method 10 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-4).
Dioxin/furan (Total Mass Basis)	0.58 nanograms per dry standard cubic meter 3	3-run average (collect a minimum volume of 4 dry standard cubic meters per run)	Performance test (Method 23 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-7).
Dioxin/furan (toxic equivalency basis)	0.13 nanograms per dry standard cubic meter	3-run average (collect a minimum volume of 4 dry standard cubic meter per run)	Performance test (Method 23 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-7).
Fugitive ash	Visible emissions for no more than 5 percent of the hourly observation period	Three 1-hour observation periods	Visible emission test (Method 22 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-7).
Hydrogen chloride	0.091 parts per million by dry volume	3-run average (For Method 26, collect a minimum volume of 360 liters per run. For Method 26A, collect a minimum volume of 3 dry standard cubic meters per run)	Performance test (Method 26 or 26A at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-8).
Lead	0.015 milligrams per dry standard cubic meter 3	3-run average (collect a minimum volume of 4 dry standard cubic meters per run)	Performance test (Method 29 of appendix A-8 at 40 CFR part 60). Use ICPMS for the analytical finish.
Mercury	0.00084 milligrams per dry standard cubic meter 3	3-run average (collect enough volume to meet a detection limit data quality objective of 0.03 ug/dry standard cubic meter)	Performance test (Method 29 or 30B at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-8) or ASTM D6784-02 (Reapproved 2008).2
Nitrogen Oxides	23 parts per million dry volume	3-run average (for Method 7E, 1 hour minimum sample time per run)	Performance test (Method 7 or 7E at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-4).
Particulate matter (filterable)	18 milligrams per dry standard cubic meter	3-run average (collect a minimum volume of 2 dry standard cubic meters per run)	Performance test (Method 5 or 29 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-3 or appendix A-8 at 40 CFR part 60).
Sulfur dioxide	11 parts per million dry volume	3-run average (1 hour minimum sample time per run)	Performance test (Method 6 or 6C at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-4).
1 All emission limitations are measured at 7 percent oxygen, dry basis at standard conditions. For dioxins/furans, you must meet either the Total Mass Limit or the toxic equivalency basis limit.
2 Incorporated by reference, see § 60.17.
3 If you are conducting stack tests to demonstrate compliance and your performance tests for this pollutant for at least 2 consecutive years show that your emissions are at or below this limit, you can skip testing according to § 60.2155 if all of the other provisions of § 60.2155 are met. For all other pollutants that do not contain a footnote “3”, your performance tests for this pollutant for at least 2 consecutive years must show that your emissions are at or below 75 percent of this limit in order to qualify for skip testing.

Table 6 to Subpart CCCC of Part 60—Emission Limitations for Energy Recovery Units That Commenced Construction After June 4, 2010, or That Commenced Reconstruction or Modification After August 7, 2013

For the air pollutant	You must meet this emission limitation 1		Using this averaging time	And determining compliance using this method
	Liquid/gas	Solids
Cadmium	0.023 milligrams per dry standard cubic meter	Biomass—0.0014 milligrams per dry standard cubic meter.3 Coal—0.0017 milligrams per dry standard cubic meter	3-run average (collect a minimum volume of 4 dry standard cubic meters per run)	Performance test (Method 29 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-8). Use ICPMS for the analytical finish.
Carbon monoxide	35 parts per million dry volume	Biomass—240 parts per million dry volume. Coal—95 parts per million dry volume	3-run average (1 hour minimum sample time per run)	Performance test (Method 10 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-4).
Dioxin/furans (Total Mass Basis)	No Total Mass Basis limit, must meet the toxic equivalency basis limit below	Biomass—0.52 nanograms per dry standard cubic meter.3 Coal—5.1 nanograms per dry standard cubic meter 3	3-run average (collect a minimum volume of 4 dry standard cubic meters)	Performance test (Method 23 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-7).
Dioxins/furans (toxic equivalency basis)	0.093 nanograms per dry standard cubic meter 3	Biomass—0.076 nanograms per dry standard cubic meter.3 Coal—0.075 nanograms per dry standard cubic meter 3	3-run average (collect a minimum volume of 4 dry standard cubic meters per run)	Performance test (Method 23 of appendix A-7 of this part).
Fugitive ash	Visible emissions for no more than 5 percent of the hourly observation period	Three 1-hour observation periods	Visible emission test (Method 22 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-7)	Fugitive ash.
Hydrogen chloride	14 parts per million dry volume	Biomass—0.20 parts per million dry volume. Coal—58 parts per million dry volume	3-run average (For Method 26, collect a minimum volume of 360 liters per run. For Method 26A, collect a minimum volume of 3 dry standard cubic meters per run)	Performance test (Method 26 or 26A at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-8).
Lead	0.096 milligrams per dry standard cubic meter	Biomass—0.014 milligrams per dry standard cubic meter.3 Coal—0.057 milligrams per dry standard cubic meter	3-run average (collect a minimum volume of 4 dry standard cubic meters per run)	Performance test (Method 29 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-8). Use ICPMS for the analytical finish.
Mercury	0.00056 milligrams per dry standard cubic meter 3	Biomass—0.0022 milligrams per dry standard cubic meter. Coal—0.013 milligrams per dry standard cubic meter	3-run average (collect enough volume to meet an in-stack detection limit data quality objective of 0.03 ug/dscm)	Performance test (Method 29 or 30B at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-8) or ASTM D6784-02 (Reapproved 2008).2
Oxides of nitrogen	76 parts per million dry volume	Biomass—290 parts per million dry volume. Coal—460 parts per million dry volume	3-run average (for Method 7E, 1 hour minimum sample time per run)	Performance test (Method 7 or 7E at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-4).
Particulate matter (filterable)	110 milligrams per dry standard cubic meter	Biomass—5.1 milligrams per dry standard cubic meter. Coal—130 milligrams per dry standard cubic meter	3-run average (collect a minimum volume of 1 dry standard cubic meter per run)	Performance test (Method 5 or 29 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-3 or appendix A-8) if the unit has an annual average heat input rate less than 250 MMBtu/hr; or PM CPMS (as specified in § 60.2145(x)) if the unit has an annual average heat input rate equal to or greater than 250 MMBtu/hr.
Sulfur dioxide	720 parts per million dry volume	Biomass—7.3 parts per million dry volume. Coal—850 parts per million dry volume	3-run average (for Method 6, collect a minimum of 60 liters, for Method 6C, 1 hour minimum sample time per run)	Performance test (Method 6 or 6C at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-4).
1 All emission limitations are measured at 7 percent oxygen, dry basis at standard conditions. For dioxins/furans, you must meet either the Total Mass Basis limit or the toxic equivalency basis limit.
2 Incorporated by reference, see § 60.17.
3 If you are conducting stack tests to demonstrate compliance and your performance tests for this pollutant for at least 2 consecutive years show that your emissions are at or below this limit, you can skip testing according to § 60.2155 if all of the other provisions of § 60.2155 are met. For all other pollutants that do not contain a footnote “3”, your performance tests for this pollutant for at least 2 consecutive years must show that your emissions are at or below 75 percent of this limit in order to qualify for skip testing.

Table 7 to Subpart CCCC of Part 60—Emission Limitations for Waste-Burning Kilns That Commenced Construction After June 4, 2010, or Reconstruction or Modification After August 7, 2013

For the air pollutant	You must meet this emission limitation 1	Using this averaging time	And determining compliance using this method 3
Cadmium	0.0014 milligrams per dry standard cubic meter 2	3-run average (collect a minimum volume of 4 dry standard cubic meters per run)	Performance test (Method 29 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-8). Use ICPMS for the analytical finish.
Carbon monoxide	90 (long kilns)/190 (preheater/precalciner) parts per million dry volume	3-run average (1 hour minimum sample time per run)	Performance test (Method 10 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-4).
Dioxins/furans (total mass basis)	0.51 nanograms per dry standard cubic meter 2	3-run average (collect a minimum volume of 4 dry standard cubic meters per run)	Performance test (Method 23 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-7).
Dioxins/furans (toxic equivalency basis)	0.075 nanograms per dry standard cubic meter 2	3-run average (collect a minimum volume of 4 dry standard cubic meters)	Performance test (Method 23 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-7).
Hydrogen chloride	3.0 parts per million dry volume 2	3-run average (1 hour minimum sample time per run) or 30-day rolling average if HCl CEMS are used	Performance test (Method 321 at 40 CFR part 63, appendix A) or HCl CEMS if a wet scrubber or dry scrubber is not used, as specified in § 60.2145(j).
Lead	0.014 milligrams per dry standard cubic meter 2	3-run average (collect a minimum volume of 4 dry standard cubic meters)	Performance test (Method 29 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-8). Use ICPMS for the analytical finish.
Mercury	0.0037 milligrams per dry standard cubic meter	30-day rolling average	Mercury CEMS or sorbent trap monitoring system (performance specification 12A or 12B, respectively, of appendix B of this part), as specified in § 60.2145(j).
Oxides of nitrogen	200 parts per million dry volume	30-day rolling average	NOX CEMS (performance specification 2 of appendix B and procedure 1 of appendix F of this part).
Particulate matter (filterable)	4.9 milligrams per dry standard cubic meter	30-day rolling average	PM CPMS (as specified in § 60.2145(x)).
Sulfur dioxide	28 parts per million dry volume	30-day rolling average	Sulfur dioxide CEMS (performance specification 2 of appendix B and procedure 1 of appendix F of this part).
1 All emission limitations are measured at 7 percent oxygen (except for CEMS data during startup and shutdown), dry basis at standard conditions. For dioxins/furans, you must meet either the Total Mass Basis limit or the toxic equivalency basis limit.
2 If you are conducting stack tests to demonstrate compliance and your performance tests for this pollutant for at least 2 consecutive years show that your emissions are at or below this limit, you can skip testing according to § 60.2155 if all of the other provisions of § 60.2155 are met. For all other pollutants that do not contain a footnote “2”, your performance tests for this pollutant for at least 2 consecutive years must show that your emissions are at or below 75 percent of this limit in order to qualify for skip testing.
3 Alkali bypass and in-line coal mill stacks are subject to performance testing only, as specified in § 60.2145(y)(3). They are not subject to the CEMS, sorbent trap or CPMS requirements that otherwise may apply to the main kiln exhaust.

Table 8 to Subpart CCCC of Part 60—Emission Limitations for Small, Remote Incinerators That Commenced Construction After June 4, 2010, Or That Commenced Reconstruction or Modification After August 7, 2013

For the air pollutant	You must meet this emission limitation 1	Using this averaging time	And determining compliance using this method
Cadmium	0.67 milligrams per dry standard cubic meter	3-run average (collect a minimum volume of 1 dry standard cubic meters per run)	Performance test (Method 29 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-8).
Carbon monoxide	13 parts per million dry volume	3-run average (1 hour minimum sample time per run)	Performance test (Method 10 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-4).
Dioxins/furans (total mass basis)	1,800 nanograms per dry standard cubic meter.	3-run average (collect a minimum volume of 1 dry standard cubic meters per run)	Performance test (Method 23 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-7).
Dioxins/furans (toxic equivalency basis)	31 nanograms per dry standard cubic meter	3-run average (collect a minimum volume of 1 dry standard cubic meters)	Performance test (Method 23 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-7).
Fugitive ash	Visible emissions for no more than 5 percent of the hourly observation period	Three 1-hour observation periods	Visible emissions test (Method 22 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-7).
Hydrogen chloride	200 parts per million by dry volume	3-run average (For Method 26, collect a minimum volume of 60 liters per run. For Method 26A, collect a minimum volume of 1 dry standard cubic meter per run)	Performance test (Method 26 or 26A at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-8).
Lead	2.0 milligrams per dry standard cubic meter	3-run average (collect a minimum volume of 1 dry standard cubic meters)	Performance test (Method 29 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-8). Use ICPMS for the analytical finish.
Mercury	0.0035 milligrams per dry standard cubic meter	3-run average (For Method 29 and ASTM D6784-02 (Reapproved 2008),2 collect a minimum volume of 2 dry standard cubic meters per run. For Method 30B, collect a minimum volume as specified in Method 30B at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A)	Performance test (Method 29 or 30B at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-8) or ASTM D6784-02 (Reapproved 2008).2
Oxides of nitrogen	170 parts per million dry volume	3-run average (for Method 7E, 1 hour minimum sample time per run)	Performance test (Method 7 or 7E at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-4).
Particulate matter (filterable)	270 milligrams per dry standard cubic meter	3-run average (collect a minimum volume of 1 dry standard cubic meters)	Performance test (Method 5 or 29 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-3 or appendix A-8).
Sulfur dioxide	1.2 parts per million dry volume	3-run average (1 hour minimum sample time per run)	Performance test (Method 6 or 6c at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-4).
1 All emission limitations are measured at 7 percent oxygen, dry basis at standard conditions. For dioxins/furans, you must meet either the Total Mass Basis limit or the toxic equivalency basis limit.
2 Incorporated by reference, see § 60.17.

3. Part 60 is amended by revising subpart DDDD to read as follows:

Subpart DDDD—Emissions Guidelines and Compliance Times for Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units

Introduction

60.2500

What is the purpose of this subpart?

60.2505

Am I affected by this subpart?

60.2510

Is a state plan required for all states?

60.2515

What must I include in my state plan?

60.2520

Is there an approval process for my state plan?

60.2525

What if my state plan is not approvable?

60.2530

Is there an approval process for a negative declaration letter?

60.2535

What compliance schedule must I include in my state plan?

60.2540

Are there any State plan requirements for this subpart that apply instead of the requirements specified in subpart B?

60.2541

In lieu of a state plan submittal, are there other acceptable option(s) for a state to meet its Clean Air Act section 111(d)/129(b)(2) obligations?

60.2542

What authorities will not be delegated to state, local, or tribal agencies?

60.2545

Does this subpart directly affect CISWI unit owners and operators in my state?

Applicability of State Plans

60.2550

What CISWI units must I address in my state plan?

60.2555

What combustion units are exempt from my state plan?

Use of Model Rule

60.2560

What is the “model rule” in this subpart?

60.2565

How does the model rule relate to the required elements of my state plan?

60.2570

What are the principal components of the model rule?

Model Rule—Increments of Progress

60.2575

What are my requirements for meeting increments of progress and achieving final compliance?

60.2580

When must I complete each increment of progress?

60.2585

What must I include in the notifications of achievement of increments of progress?

60.2590

When must I submit the notifications of achievement of increments of progress?

60.2595

What if I do not meet an increment of progress?

60.2600

How do I comply with the increment of progress for submittal of a control plan?

60.2605

How do I comply with the increment of progress for achieving final compliance?

60.2610

What must I do if I close my CISWI unit and then restart it?

60.2615

What must I do if I plan to permanently close my CISWI unit and not restart it?

Model Rule—Waste Management Plan

60.2620

What is a waste management plan?

60.2625

When must I submit my waste management plan?

60.2630

What should I include in my waste management plan?

Model Rule—Operator Training and Qualification

60.2635

What are the operator training and qualification requirements?

60.2640

When must the operator training course be completed?

60.2645

How do I obtain my operator qualification?

60.2650

How do I maintain my operator qualification?

60.2655

How do I renew my lapsed operator qualification?

60.2660

What site-specific documentation is required?

60.2665

What if all the qualified operators are temporarily not accessible?

Model Rule—Emission Limitations and Operating Limits

60.2670

What emission limitations must I meet and by when?

60.2675

What operating limits must I meet and by when?

60.2680

What if I do not use a wet scrubber, fabric filter, activated carbon injection, selective noncatalytic reduction, an electrostatic precipitator, or a dry scrubber to comply with the emission limitations?

Model Rule—Performance Testing

60.2690

How do I conduct the initial and annual performance test?

60.2695

How are the performance test data used?

Model Rule—Initial Compliance Requirements

60.2700

How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the amended emission limitations and establish the operating limits?

60.2705

By what date must I conduct the initial performance test?

60.2706

By what date must I conduct the initial air pollution control device inspection?

Model Rule—Continuous Compliance Requirements

60.2710

How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the amended emission limitations and the operating limits?

60.2715

By what date must I conduct the annual performance test?

60.2716

By what date must I conduct the annual air pollution control device inspection?

60.2720

May I conduct performance testing less often?

60.2725

May I conduct a repeat performance test to establish new operating limits?

Model Rule—Monitoring

60.2730

What monitoring equipment must I install and what parameters must I monitor?

60.2735

Is there a minimum amount of monitoring data I must obtain?

Model Rule—Recordkeeping and Reporting

60.2740

What records must I keep?

60.2745

Where and in what format must I keep my records?

60.2750

What reports must I submit?

60.2755

When must I submit my waste management plan?

60.2760

What information must I submit following my initial performance test?

60.2765

When must I submit my annual report?

60.2770

What information must I include in my annual report?

60.2775

What else must I report if I have a deviation from the operating limits or the emission limitations?

60.2780

What must I include in the deviation report?

60.2785

What else must I report if I have a deviation from the requirement to have a qualified operator accessible?

60.2790

Are there any other notifications or reports that I must submit?

60.2795

In what form can I submit my reports?

60.2800

Can reporting dates be changed?

Model Rule—Title V Operating Permits

60.2805

Am I required to apply for and obtain a Title V operating permit for my unit?

Model Rule—Air Curtain Incinerators

60.2810

What is an air curtain incinerator?

60.2815

What are my requirements for meeting increments of progress and achieving final compliance?

60.2820

When must I complete each increment of progress?

60.2825

What must I include in the notifications of achievement of increments of progress?

60.2830

When must I submit the notifications of achievement of increments of progress?

60.2835

What if I do not meet an increment of progress?

60.2840

How do I comply with the increment of progress for submittal of a control plan?

60.2845

How do I comply with the increment of progress for achieving final compliance?

60.2850

What must I do if I close my air curtain incinerator and then restart it?

60.2855

What must I do if I plan to permanently close my air curtain incinerator and not restart it?

60.2860

What are the emission limitations for air curtain incinerators?

60.2865

How must I monitor opacity for air curtain incinerators?

60.2870

What are the recordkeeping and reporting requirements for air curtain incinerators?

Model Rule—Definitions

60.2875

What definitions must I know?

Tables to Subpart DDDD

Table 1 to Subpart DDDD of Part 60—Model Rule—Increments of Progress and Compliance Schedules

Table 2 to Subpart DDDD of Part 60—Model Rule—Emission Limitations That Apply to Incinerators Before [Date to be specified in state plan]

Table 3 to Subpart DDDD of Part 60—Model Rule—Operating Limits for Wet Scrubbers

Table 4 to Subpart DDDD of Part 60—Model Rule—Toxic Equivalency Factors

Table 5 to Subpart DDDD of Part 60—Model Rule—Summary of Reporting Requirements

Table 6 to Subpart DDDD of Part 60—Model Rule—Emission Limitations That Apply to Incinerators on and After [Date to be specified in state plan]

Table 7 to Subpart DDDD of Part 60—Model Rule—Emission Limitations That Apply to Energy Recovery Units After May 20, 2011 [Date to be specified in state plan]

Table 8 to Subpart DDDD of Part 60—Model Rule—Emission Limitations That Apply to Waste-Burning Kilns After May 20, 2011 [Date to be specified in state plan.]

Table 9 to Subpart DDDD of Part 60—Model Rule—Emission Limitations That Apply to Small, Remote Incinerators After May 20, 2011 [Date to be specified in state plan]

Subpart DDDD—Emissions Guidelines and Compliance Times for Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units

Introduction

§ 60.2500

What is the purpose of this subpart?

This subpart establishes emission guidelines and compliance schedules for the control of emissions from commercial and industrial solid waste incineration (CISWI) units. The pollutants addressed by these emission guidelines are listed in table 2 of this subpart and tables 6 through 9 of this subpart. These emission guidelines are developed in accordance with sections 111(d) and 129 of the Clean Air Act and subpart B of this part.

§ 60.2505

Am I affected by this subpart?

(a) If you are the Administrator of an air quality program in a state or United States protectorate with one or more existing CISWI units that meet the criteria in paragraphs (b) through (d) of this section, you must submit a state plan to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) that implements the emission guidelines contained in this subpart.

(b) You must submit a state plan to EPA by December 3, 2001 for incinerator units that commenced construction on or before November 30, 1999 and that were not modified or reconstructed after June 1, 2001.

(c) You must submit a state plan that meets the requirements of this subpart and contains the more stringent emission limit for the respective pollutant in table 6 of this subpart or table 1 of subpart CCCC of this part to EPA by February 7, 2014 for incinerators that commenced construction after November 30, 1999, but no later than June 4, 2010, or commenced modification or reconstruction after June 1, 2001 but no later than August 7, 2013.

(d) You must submit a state plan to EPA that meets the requirements of this subpart and contains the emission limits in tables 7 through 9 of this subpart by February 7, 2014, for CISWI units other than incinerator units that commenced construction on or before June 4, 2010, or commenced modification or reconstruction after June 4, 2010 but no later than August 7, 2013.

§ 60.2510

Is a state plan required for all states?

No. You are not required to submit a state plan if there are no existing CISWI units in your state, and you submit a negative declaration letter in place of the state plan.

§ 60.2515

What must I include in my state plan?

(a) You must include the nine items described in paragraphs (a)(1) through (9) of this section in your state plan:

(1) Inventory of affected CISWI units, including those that have ceased operation but have not been dismantled;

(2) Inventory of emissions from affected CISWI units in your state;

(3) Compliance schedules for each affected CISWI unit;

(4) Emission limitations, operator training and qualification requirements, a waste management plan, and operating limits for affected CISWI units that are at least as protective as the emission guidelines contained in this subpart;

(5) Performance testing, recordkeeping, and reporting requirements;

(6) Certification that the hearing on the state plan was held, a list of witnesses and their organizational affiliations, if any, appearing at the hearing, and a brief written summary of each presentation or written submission;

(7) Provision for state progress reports to EPA;

(8) Identification of enforceable state mechanisms that you selected for implementing the emission guidelines of this subpart; and

(9) Demonstration of your state's legal authority to carry out the sections 111(d) and 129 state plan.

(b) Your state plan may deviate from the format and content of the emission guidelines contained in this subpart. However, if your state plan does deviate in content, you must demonstrate that your state plan is at least as protective as the emission guidelines contained in this subpart. Your state plan must address regulatory applicability, increments of progress for retrofit, operator training and qualification, a waste management plan, emission limitations, performance testing, operating limits, monitoring, recordkeeping and reporting, and air curtain incinerator requirements.

(c) You must follow the requirements of subpart B of this part (Adoption and Submittal of State Plans for Designated Facilities) in your state plan.

§ 60.2520

Is there an approval process for my state plan?

Yes. The EPA will review your state plan according to § 60.27.

§ 60.2525

What if my state plan is not approvable?

(a) If you do not submit an approvable state plan (or a negative declaration letter) by December 2, 2002, EPA will develop a federal plan according to § 60.27 to implement the emission guidelines contained in this subpart. Owners and operators of CISWI units not covered by an approved state plan must comply with the federal plan. The federal plan is an interim action and will be automatically withdrawn when your state plan is approved.

(b) If you do not submit an approvable state plan (or a negative declaration letter) to EPA that meets the requirements of this subpart and contains the emission limits in tables 6 through 9 of this subpart for CISWI units that commenced construction on or before June 4, 2010 and incinerator or air curtain incinerator units that commenced reconstruction or modification on or after June 1, 2001 but no later than August 7, 2013, then EPA will develop a federal plan according to § 60.27 to implement the emission guidelines contained in this subpart. Owners and operators of CISWI units not covered by an approved state plan must comply with the federal plan. The federal plan is an interim action and will be automatically withdrawn when your state plan is approved.

§ 60.2530

Is there an approval process for a negative declaration letter?

No. The EPA has no formal review process for negative declaration letters. Once your negative declaration letter has been received, EPA will place a copy in the public docket and publish a notice in the Federal Register. If, at a later date, an existing CISWI unit is found in your state, the federal plan implementing the emission guidelines contained in this subpart would automatically apply to that CISWI unit until your state plan is approved.

§ 60.2535

What compliance schedule must I include in my state plan?

(a) For CISWI units in the incinerator subcategory and air curtain incinerators that commenced construction on or before November 30, 1999, your state plan must include compliance schedules that require CISWI units in the incinerator subcategory and air curtain incinerators to achieve final compliance as expeditiously as practicable after approval of the state plan but not later than the earlier of the two dates specified in paragraphs (a)(1) and (2) of this section:

(1) December 1, 2005; and

(2) Three years after the effective date of state plan approval.

(b) For CISWI units in the incinerator subcategory and air curtain incinerators that commenced construction after November 30, 1999, but on or before June 4, 2010 or that commenced reconstruction or modification on or after June 1, 2001 but no later than August 7, 2013, and for CISWI units in the small remote incinerator, energy recovery unit, and waste-burning kiln subcategories that commenced construction before June 4, 2010, your state plan must include compliance schedules that require CISWI units to achieve final compliance as expeditiously as practicable after approval of the state plan but not later than the earlier of the two dates specified in paragraphs (b)(1) and (2) of this section:

(1) February 7, 2018; and

(2) Three years after the effective date of State plan approval.

(c) For compliance schedules more than 1 year following the effective date of State plan approval, State plans must include dates for enforceable increments of progress as specified in § 60.2580.

§ 60.2540

Are there any State plan requirements for this subpart that apply instead of the requirements specified in subpart B?

Yes. Subpart B establishes general requirements for developing and processing section 111(d) plans. This subpart applies instead of the requirements in subpart B of this part for paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section:

(a) State plans developed to implement this subpart must be as protective as the emission guidelines contained in this subpart. State plans must require all CISWI units to comply by the dates specified in § 60.2535. This applies instead of the option for case-by-case less stringent emission standards and longer compliance schedules in § 60.24(f); and

(b) State plans developed to implement this subpart are required to include two increments of progress for the affected CISWI units. These two minimum increments are the final control plan submittal date and final compliance date in § 60.21(h)(1) and (5). This applies instead of the requirement of § 60.24(e)(1) that would require a State plan to include all five increments of progress for all CISWI units.

§ 60.2541

In lieu of a state plan submittal, are there other acceptable option(s) for a state to meet its Clean Air Act section 111(d)/129(b)(2) obligations?

Yes, a state may meet its Clean Air Act section 111(d)/129 obligations by submitting an acceptable written request for delegation of the federal plan that meets the requirements of this section. This is the only other option for a state to meet its Clean Air Act section 111(d)/129 obligations.

(a) An acceptable federal plan delegation request must include the following:

(1) A demonstration of adequate resources and legal authority to administer and enforce the federal plan;

(2) The items under § 60.2515(a)(1), (2) and (7);

(3) Certification that the hearing on the state delegation request, similar to the hearing for a state plan submittal, was held, a list of witnesses and their organizational affiliations, if any, appearing at the hearing, and a brief written summary of each presentation or written submission; and

(4) A commitment to enter into a Memorandum of Agreement with the Regional Administrator who sets forth the terms, conditions, and effective date of the delegation and that serves as the mechanism for the transfer of authority. Additional guidance and information is given in EPA's Delegation Manual, Item 7-139, Implementation and Enforcement of 111(d)(2) and 111(d)/(2)/129(b)(3) federal plans.

(b) A state with an already approved CISWI Clean Air Act section 111(d)/129 state plan is not precluded from receiving EPA approval of a delegation request for the revised federal plan, providing the requirements of paragraph (a) of this section are met, and at the time of the delegation request, the state also requests withdrawal of EPA's previous state plan approval.

(c) A state's Clean Air Act section 111(d)/129 obligations are separate from its obligations under Title V of the Clean Air Act.

§ 60.2542

What authorities will not be delegated to state, local, or tribal agencies?

The authorities listed under § 60.2030(c) will not be delegated to state, local, or tribal agencies.

§ 60.2545

Does this subpart directly affect CISWI unit owners and operators in my state?

(a) No. This subpart does not directly affect CISWI unit owners and operators in your state. However, CISWI unit owners and operators must comply with the state plan you develop to implement the emission guidelines contained in this subpart. States may choose to incorporate the model rule text directly in their state plan.

(b) If you do not submit an approvable plan to implement and enforce the guidelines contained in this subpart for CISWI units that commenced construction before November 30, 1999 by December 2, 2002, EPA will implement and enforce a federal plan, as provided in § 60.2525, to ensure that each unit within your state reaches compliance with all the provisions of this subpart by December 1, 2005.

(c) If you do not submit an approvable plan to implement and enforce the guidelines contained in this subpart by February 7, 2014, for CISWI units that commenced construction on or before June 4, 2010, EPA will implement and enforce a federal plan, as provided in § 60.2525, to ensure that each unit within your state that commenced construction on or before June 4, 2010, reaches compliance with all the provisions of this subpart by February 7, 2018.

Applicability of State Plans

§ 60.2550

What CISWI units must I address in my state plan?

(a) Your state plan must address incineration units that meet all three criteria described in paragraphs (a)(1) through (3) of this section:

(1) CISWI units and air curtain incinerators in your state that commenced construction on or before June 4, 2010, or commenced modification or reconstruction after June 4, 2010 but no later than August 7, 2013;

(2) Incineration units that meet the definition of a CISWI unit as defined in § 60.2875; and

(3) Incineration units not exempt under § 60.2555.

(b) If the owner or operator of a CISWI unit or air curtain incinerator makes changes that meet the definition of modification or reconstruction after August 7, 2013, the CISWI unit becomes subject to subpart CCCC of this part and the state plan no longer applies to that unit.

(c) If the owner or operator of a CISWI unit makes physical or operational changes to an existing CISWI unit primarily to comply with your state plan, subpart CCCC of this part does not apply to that unit. Such changes do not qualify as modifications or reconstructions under subpart CCCC of this part.

§ 60.2555

What combustion units are exempt from my state plan?

This subpart exempts the types of units described in paragraphs (a), (c) through (i), (m), and (n) of this section, but some units are required to provide notifications. Air curtain incinerators are exempt from the requirements in this subpart except for the provisions in §§ 60.2805, 60.2860, and 60.2870:

(a) Pathological waste incineration units. Incineration units burning 90 percent or more by weight (on a calendar quarter basis and excluding the weight of auxiliary fuel and combustion air) of pathological waste, low-level radioactive waste, and/or chemotherapeutic waste as defined in § 60.2875 are not subject to this subpart if you meet the two requirements specified in paragraphs (a)(1) and (2) of this section:

(1) Notify the Administrator that the unit meets these criteria; and

(2) Keep records on a calendar quarter basis of the weight of pathological waste, low-level radioactive waste, and/or chemotherapeutic waste burned, and the weight of all other fuels and wastes burned in the unit.

(b) [Reserved]

(c) Municipal waste combustion units. Incineration units that are subject to subpart Ea of this part (Standards of Performance for Municipal Waste Combustors); subpart Eb of this part (Standards of Performance for Large Municipal Waste Combustors); subpart Cb of this part (Emission Guidelines and Compliance Time for Large Municipal Combustors); AAAA of this part (Standards of Performance for Small Municipal Waste Combustion Units); or subpart BBBB of this part (Emission Guidelines for Small Municipal Waste Combustion Units).

(d) Medical waste incineration units. Incineration units regulated under subpart Ec of this part (Standards of Performance for Hospital/Medical/Infectious Waste Incinerators for Which Construction is Commenced After June 20, 1996) or subpart Ca of this part (Emission Guidelines and Compliance Times for Hospital/Medical/Infectious Waste Incinerators).

(e) Small power production facilities. Units that meet the three requirements specified in paragraphs (e)(1) through (4) of this section:

(1) The unit qualifies as a small power-production facility under section 3(17)(C) of the Federal Power Act (16 U.S.C. 796(17)(C));

(2) The unit burns homogeneous waste (not including refuse-derived fuel) to produce electricity;

(3) You submit documentation to the Administrator notifying the Agency that the qualifying small power production facility is combusting homogenous waste; and

(4) You maintain the records specified in § 60.2740(v).

(f) Cogeneration facilities. Units that meet the three requirements specified in paragraphs (f)(1) through (4) of this section:

(1) The unit qualifies as a cogeneration facility under section 3(18)(B) of the Federal Power Act (16 U.S.C. 796(18)(B));

(2) The unit burns homogeneous waste (not including refuse-derived fuel) to produce electricity and steam or other forms of energy used for industrial, commercial, heating, or cooling purposes;

(3) You submit documentation to the Administrator notifying the Agency that the qualifying cogeneration facility is combusting homogenous waste; and

(4) You maintain the records specified in § 60.2740(w).

(g) Hazardous waste combustion units. Units for which you are required to get a permit under section 3005 of the Solid Waste Disposal Act.

(h) Materials recovery units. Units that combust waste for the primary purpose of recovering metals, such as primary and secondary smelters.

(i) Air curtain incinerators. Air curtain incinerators that burn only the materials listed in paragraphs (i)(1) through (3) of this section are only required to meet the requirements under § 60.2805 and under “Air Curtain Incinerators” (§§ 60.2810 through 60.2870):

(1) 100 percent wood waste;

(2) 100 percent clean lumber; and

(3) 100 percent mixture of only wood waste, clean lumber, and/or yard waste.

(j)-(l) [Reserved]

(m) Sewage treatment plants . Incineration units regulated under subpart O of this part (Standards of Performance for Sewage Treatment Plants).

(n) Sewage sludge incineration units. Incineration units combusting sewage sludge for the purpose of reducing the volume of the sewage sludge by removing combustible matter that are subject to subpart LLLL of this part (Standards of Performance for New Sewage Sludge Incineration Units) or subpart MMMM of this part (Emission Guidelines and Compliance Times for Existing Sewage Sludge Incineration Units).

(o) Other solid waste incineration units. Incineration units that are subject to subpart EEEE of this part (Standards of Performance for Other Solid Waste Incineration Units for Which Construction is Commenced After December 9, 2004, or for Which Modification or Reconstruction is Commenced on or After June 16, 2006) or subpart FFFF of this part (Emission Guidelines and Compliance Times for Other Solid Waste Incineration Units That Commenced Construction On or Before December 9, 2004).

Use of Model Rule

§ 60.2560

What is the “model rule” in this subpart?

(a) The model rule is the portion of these emission guidelines (§§ 60.2575 through 60.2875) that addresses the regulatory requirements applicable to CISWI units. The model rule provides these requirements in regulation format. You must develop a state plan that is at least as protective as the model rule. You may use the model rule language as part of your state plan. Alternative language may be used in your state plan if you demonstrate that the alternative language is at least as protective as the model rule contained in this subpart.

(b) In the model rule of §§ 60.2575 to 60.2875, “you” means the owner or operator of a CISWI unit.

§ 60.2565

How does the model rule relate to the required elements of my state plan?

Use the model rule to satisfy the state plan requirements specified in § 60.2515(a)(4) and (5).

§ 60.2570

What are the principal components of the model rule?

The model rule contains the eleven major components listed in paragraphs (a) through (k) of this section:

(a) Increments of progress toward compliance;

(b) Waste management plan;

(c) Operator training and qualification;

(d) Emission limitations and operating limits;

(e) Performance testing;

(f) Initial compliance requirements;

(g) Continuous compliance requirements;

(h) Monitoring;

(i) Recordkeeping and reporting;

(j) Definitions; and

(k) Tables.

Model Rule—Increments of Progress

§ 60.2575

What are my requirements for meeting increments of progress and achieving final compliance?

If you plan to achieve compliance more than 1 year following the effective date of state plan approval, you must meet the two increments of progress specified in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section:

(a) Submit a final control plan; and

(b) Achieve final compliance.

§ 60.2580

When must I complete each increment of progress?

Table 1 of this subpart specifies compliance dates for each of the increments of progress.

§ 60.2585

What must I include in the notifications of achievement of increments of progress?

Your notification of achievement of increments of progress must include the three items specified in paragraphs (a) through (c) of this section:

(a) Notification that the increment of progress has been achieved;

(b) Any items required to be submitted with each increment of progress; and

(c) Signature of the owner or operator of the CISWI unit.

§ 60.2590

When must I submit the notifications of achievement of increments of progress?

Notifications for achieving increments of progress must be postmarked no later than 10 business days after the compliance date for the increment.

§ 60.2595

What if I do not meet an increment of progress?

If you fail to meet an increment of progress, you must submit a notification to the Administrator postmarked within 10 business days after the date for that increment of progress in table 1 of this subpart. You must inform the Administrator that you did not meet the increment, and you must continue to submit reports each subsequent calendar month until the increment of progress is met.

§ 60.2600

How do I comply with the increment of progress for submittal of a control plan?

For your control plan increment of progress, you must satisfy the two requirements specified in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section:

(a) Submit the final control plan that includes the five items described in paragraphs (a)(1) through (5) of this section:

(1) A description of the devices for air pollution control and process changes that you will use to comply with the emission limitations and other requirements of this subpart;

(2) The type(s) of waste to be burned;

(3) The maximum design waste burning capacity;

(4) The anticipated maximum charge rate; and

(5) If applicable, the petition for site-specific operating limits under § 60.2680.

(b) Maintain an onsite copy of the final control plan.

§ 60.2605

How do I comply with the increment of progress for achieving final compliance?

For the final compliance increment of progress, you must complete all process changes and retrofit construction of control devices, as specified in the final control plan, so that, if the affected CISWI unit is brought online, all necessary process changes and air pollution control devices would operate as designed.

§ 60.2610

What must I do if I close my CISWI unit and then restart it?

(a) If you close your CISWI unit but will restart it prior to the final compliance date in your state plan, you must meet the increments of progress specified in § 60.2575.

(b) If you close your CISWI unit but will restart it after your final compliance date, you must complete emission control retrofits and meet the emission limitations and operating limits on the date your unit restarts operation.

§ 60.2615

What must I do if I plan to permanently close my CISWI unit and not restart it?

If you plan to close your CISWI unit rather than comply with the state plan, submit a closure notification, including the date of closure, to the Administrator by the date your final control plan is due.

Model Rule—Waste Management Plan

§ 60.2620

What is a waste management plan?

A waste management plan is a written plan that identifies both the feasibility and the methods used to reduce or separate certain components of solid waste from the waste stream in order to reduce or eliminate toxic emissions from incinerated waste.

§ 60.2625

When must I submit my waste management plan?

You must submit a waste management plan no later than the date specified in table 1 of this subpart for submittal of the final control plan.

§ 60.2630

What should I include in my waste management plan?

A waste management plan must include consideration of the reduction or separation of waste-stream elements such as paper, cardboard, plastics, glass, batteries, or metals; or the use of recyclable materials. The plan must identify any additional waste management measures, and the source must implement those measures considered practical and feasible, based on the effectiveness of waste management measures already in place, the costs of additional measures, the emissions reductions expected to be achieved, and any other environmental or energy impacts they might have.

Model Rule—Operator Training and Qualification

§ 60.2635

What are the operator training and qualification requirements?

(a) No CISWI unit can be operated unless a fully trained and qualified CISWI unit operator is accessible, either at the facility or can be at the facility within 1 hour. The trained and qualified CISWI unit operator may operate the CISWI unit directly or be the direct supervisor of one or more other plant personnel who operate the unit. If all qualified CISWI unit operators are temporarily not accessible, you must follow the procedures in § 60.2665.

(b) Operator training and qualification must be obtained through a state-approved program or by completing the requirements included in paragraph (c) of this section.

(c) Training must be obtained by completing an incinerator operator training course that includes, at a minimum, the three elements described in paragraphs (c)(1) through (3) of this section:

(1) Training on the eleven subjects listed in paragraphs (c)(1)(i) through (xi) of this section:

(i) Environmental concerns, including types of emissions;

(ii) Basic combustion principles, including products of combustion;

(iii) Operation of the specific type of incinerator to be used by the operator, including proper startup, waste charging, and shutdown procedures;

(iv) Combustion controls and monitoring;

(v) Operation of air pollution control equipment and factors affecting performance (if applicable);

(vi) Inspection and maintenance of the incinerator and air pollution control devices;

(vii) Actions to prevent and correct malfunctions or to prevent conditions that may lead to malfunctions;

(viii) Bottom and fly ash characteristics and handling procedures;

(ix) Applicable federal, state, and local regulations, including Occupational Safety and Health Administration workplace standards;

(x) Pollution prevention; and

(xi) Waste management practices.

(2) An examination designed and administered by the instructor.

(3) Written material covering the training course topics that can serve as reference material following completion of the course.

§ 60.2640

When must the operator training course be completed?

The operator training course must be completed by the later of the three dates specified in paragraphs (a) through (c) of this section:

(a) The final compliance date (Increment 2);

(b) Six months after CISWI unit startup; and

(c) Six months after an employee assumes responsibility for operating the CISWI unit or assumes responsibility for supervising the operation of the CISWI unit.

§ 60.2645

How do I obtain my operator qualification?

(a) You must obtain operator qualification by completing a training course that satisfies the criteria under § 60.2635(b).

(b) Qualification is valid from the date on which the training course is completed and the operator successfully passes the examination required under § 60.2635(c)(2).

§ 60.2650

How do I maintain my operator qualification?

To maintain qualification, you must complete an annual review or refresher course covering, at a minimum, the five topics described in paragraphs (a) through (e) of this section:

(a) Update of regulations;

(b) Incinerator operation, including startup and shutdown procedures, waste charging, and ash handling;

(c) Inspection and maintenance;

(d) Prevention and correction of malfunctions or conditions that may lead to malfunction; and

(e) Discussion of operating problems encountered by attendees.

§ 60.2655

How do I renew my lapsed operator qualification?

You must renew a lapsed operator qualification by one of the two methods specified in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section:

(a) For a lapse of less than 3 years, you must complete a standard annual refresher course described in § 60.2650; and

(b) For a lapse of 3 years or more, you must repeat the initial qualification requirements in § 60.2645(a).

§ 60.2660

What site-specific documentation is required?

(a) Documentation must be available at the facility and readily accessible for all CISWI unit operators that addresses the ten topics described in paragraphs (a)(1) through (10) of this section. You must maintain this information and the training records required by paragraph (c) of this section in a manner that they can be readily accessed and are suitable for inspection upon request:

(1) Summary of the applicable standards under this subpart;

(2) Procedures for receiving, handling, and charging waste;

(3) Incinerator startup, shutdown, and malfunction procedures;

(4) Procedures for maintaining proper combustion air supply levels;

(5) Procedures for operating the incinerator and associated air pollution control systems within the standards established under this subpart;

(6) Monitoring procedures for demonstrating compliance with the incinerator operating limits;

(7) Reporting and recordkeeping procedures;

(8) The waste management plan required under §§ 60.2620 through 60.2630;

(9) Procedures for handling ash; and

(10) A list of the wastes burned during the performance test.

(b) You must establish a program for reviewing the information listed in paragraph (a) of this section with each incinerator operator:

(1) The initial review of the information listed in paragraph (a) of this section must be conducted by the later of the three dates specified in paragraphs (b)(1)(i) through (iii) of this section:

(i) The final compliance date (Increment 2);

(ii) Six months after CISWI unit startup; and

(iii) Six months after being assigned to operate the CISWI unit.

(2) Subsequent annual reviews of the information listed in paragraph (a) of this section must be conducted no later than 12 months following the previous review.

(c) You must also maintain the information specified in paragraphs (c)(1) through (3) of this section:

(1) Records showing the names of CISWI unit operators who have completed review of the information in § 60.2660(a) as required by § 60.2660(b), including the date of the initial review and all subsequent annual reviews;

(2) Records showing the names of the CISWI operators who have completed the operator training requirements under § 60.2635, met the criteria for qualification under § 60.2645, and maintained or renewed their qualification under § 60.2650 or § 60.2655. Records must include documentation of training, the dates of the initial refresher training, and the dates of their qualification and all subsequent renewals of such qualifications; and

(3) For each qualified operator, the phone and/or pager number at which they can be reached during operating hours.

§ 60.2665

What if all the qualified operators are temporarily not accessible?

If all qualified operators are temporarily not accessible (i.e., not at the facility and not able to be at the facility within 1 hour), you must meet one of the two criteria specified in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section, depending on the length of time that a qualified operator is not accessible:

(a) When all qualified operators are not accessible for more than 8 hours, but less than 2 weeks, the CISWI unit may be operated by other plant personnel familiar with the operation of the CISWI unit who have completed a review of the information specified in § 60.2660(a) within the past 12 months. However, you must record the period when all qualified operators were not accessible and include this deviation in the annual report as specified under § 60.2770;

(b) When all qualified operators are not accessible for 2 weeks or more, you must take the two actions that are described in paragraphs (b)(1) and (2) of this section:

(1) Notify the Administrator of this deviation in writing within 10 days. In the notice, state what caused this deviation, what you are doing to ensure that a qualified operator is accessible, and when you anticipate that a qualified operator will be accessible; and

(2) Submit a status report to the Administrator every 4 weeks outlining what you are doing to ensure that a qualified operator is accessible, stating when you anticipate that a qualified operator will be accessible and requesting approval from the Administrator to continue operation of the CISWI unit. You must submit the first status report 4 weeks after you notify the Administrator of the deviation under paragraph (b)(1) of this section. If the Administrator notifies you that your request to continue operation of the CISWI unit is disapproved, the CISWI unit may continue operation for 90 days, then must cease operation. Operation of the unit may resume if you meet the two requirements in paragraphs (b)(2)(i) and (ii) of this section:

(i) A qualified operator is accessible as required under § 60.2635(a); and

(ii) You notify the Administrator that a qualified operator is accessible and that you are resuming operation.

Model Rule—Emission Limitations and Operating Limits

§ 60.2670

What emission limitations must I meet and by when?

(a) You must meet the emission limitations for each CISWI unit, including bypass stack or vent, specified in table 2 of this subpart or tables 6 through 9 of this subpart by the final compliance date under the approved state plan, federal plan, or delegation, as applicable. The emission limitations apply at all times the unit is operating including and not limited to startup, shutdown, or malfunction.

(b) Units that do not use wet scrubbers must maintain opacity to less than or equal to the percent opacity (three 1-hour blocks consisting of ten 6-minute average opacity values) specified in table 2 of this subpart, as applicable.

§ 60.2675

What operating limits must I meet and by when?

(a) If you use a wet scrubber(s) to comply with the emission limitations, you must establish operating limits for up to four operating parameters (as specified in table 3 of this subpart) as described in paragraphs (a)(1) through (4) of this section during the initial performance test:

(1) Maximum charge rate, calculated using one of the two different procedures in paragraph (a)(1)(i) or (ii) of this section, as appropriate:

(i) For continuous and intermittent units, maximum charge rate is 110 percent of the average charge rate measured during the most recent performance test demonstrating compliance with all applicable emission limitations; and

(ii) For batch units, maximum charge rate is 110 percent of the daily charge rate measured during the most recent performance test demonstrating compliance with all applicable emission limitations.

(2) Minimum pressure drop across the wet particulate matter scrubber, which is calculated as the lowest 1-hour average pressure drop across the wet scrubber measured during the most recent performance test demonstrating compliance with the particulate matter emission limitations; or minimum amperage to the wet scrubber, which is calculated as the lowest 1-hour average amperage to the wet scrubber measured during the most recent performance test demonstrating compliance with the particulate matter emission limitations.

(3) Minimum scrubber liquid flow rate, which is calculated as the lowest 1-hour average liquid flow rate at the inlet to the wet acid gas or particulate matter scrubber measured during the most recent performance test demonstrating compliance with all applicable emission limitations.

(4) Minimum scrubber liquor pH, which is calculated as the lowest 1-hour average liquor pH at the inlet to the wet acid gas scrubber measured during the most recent performance test demonstrating compliance with the HCl emission limitation.

(b) You must meet the operating limits established during the initial performance test on the date the initial performance test is required or completed (whichever is earlier). You must conduct an initial performance evaluation of each continuous monitoring system and continuous parameter monitoring system within 60 days of installation of the monitoring system.

(c) If you use a fabric filter to comply with the emission limitations and you do not use a PM CPMS for monitoring PM compliance, you must operate each fabric filter system such that the bag leak detection system alarm does not sound more than 5 percent of the operating time during a 6-month period. In calculating this operating time percentage, if inspection of the fabric filter demonstrates that no corrective action is required, no alarm time is counted. If corrective action is required, each alarm shall be counted as a minimum of 1 hour. If you take longer than 1 hour to initiate corrective action, the alarm time shall be counted as the actual amount of time taken by you to initiate corrective action.

(d) If you use an electrostatic precipitator to comply with the emission limitations and you do not use a PM CPMS for monitoring PM compliance, you must measure the (secondary) voltage and amperage of the electrostatic precipitator collection plates during the particulate matter performance test. Calculate the average electric power value (secondary voltage × secondary current = secondary electric power) for each test run. The operating limit for the electrostatic precipitator is calculated as the lowest 1-hour average secondary electric power measured during the most recent performance test demonstrating compliance with the particulate matter emission limitations.

(e) If you use activated carbon sorbent injection to comply with the emission limitations, you must measure the sorbent flow rate during the performance testing. The operating limit for the carbon sorbent injection is calculated as the lowest 1-hour average sorbent flow rate measured during the most recent performance test demonstrating compliance with the mercury emission limitations. For energy recovery units, when your unit operates at lower loads, multiply your sorbent injection rate by the load fraction, as defined in this subpart, to determine the required injection rate (e.g., for 50 percent load, multiply the injection rate operating limit by 0.5).

(f) If you use selective noncatalytic reduction to comply with the emission limitations, you must measure the charge rate, the secondary chamber temperature (if applicable to your CISWI unit), and the reagent flow rate during the nitrogen oxides performance testing. The operating limits for the selective noncatalytic reduction are calculated as the highest 1-hour average charge rate, lowest secondary chamber temperature, and lowest reagent flow rate measured during the most recent performance test demonstrating compliance with the nitrogen oxides emission limitations.

(g) If you use a dry scrubber to comply with the emission limitations, you must measure the injection rate of each sorbent during the performance testing. The operating limit for the injection rate of each sorbent is calculated as the lowest 1-hour average injection rate of each sorbent measured during the most recent performance test demonstrating compliance with the hydrogen chloride emission limitations. For energy recovery units, when your unit operates at lower loads, multiply your sorbent injection rate by the load fraction, as defined in this subpart, to determine the required injection rate (e.g., for 50 percent load, multiply the injection rate operating limit by 0.5).

(h) If you do not use a wet scrubber, electrostatic precipitator, or fabric filter to comply with the emission limitations, and if you do not determine compliance with your particulate matter emission limitation with either a particulate matter CEMS or a particulate matter CPMS, you must maintain opacity to less than or equal to ten percent opacity (1-hour block average).

(i) If you use a PM CPMS to demonstrate compliance, you must establish your PM CPMS operating limit and determine compliance with it according to paragraphs (i)(1) through (5) of this section:

(1) During the initial performance test or any such subsequent performance test that demonstrates compliance with the PM limit, record all hourly average output values (milliamps, or the digital signal equivalent) from the PM CPMS for the periods corresponding to the test runs (e.g., three 1-hour average PM CPMS output values for three 1-hour test runs):

(i) Your PM CPMS must provide a 4-20 milliamp output, or the digital signal equivalent, and the establishment of its relationship to manual reference method measurements must be determined in units of milliamps or digital bits;

(ii) Your PM CPMS operating range must be capable of reading PM concentrations from zero to a level equivalent to at least two times your allowable emission limit. If your PM CPMS is an auto-ranging instrument capable of multiple scales, the primary range of the instrument must be capable of reading PM concentration from zero to a level equivalent to two times your allowable emission limit; and

(iii) During the initial performance test or any such subsequent performance test that demonstrates compliance with the PM limit, record and average all milliamp output values, or their digital equivalent, from the PM CPMS for the periods corresponding to the compliance test runs (e.g., average all your PM CPMS output values for three corresponding 2-hour Method 5I test runs).

(2) If the average of your three PM performance test runs are below 75 percent of your PM emission limit, you must calculate an operating limit by establishing a relationship of PM CPMS signal to PM concentration using the PM CPMS instrument zero, the average PM CPMS output values corresponding to the three compliance test runs, and the average PM concentration from the Method 5 or performance test with the procedures in (i)(1)through (5) of this section:

(i) Determine your instrument zero output with one of the following procedures:

(A) Zero point data for in-situ instruments should be obtained by removing the instrument from the stack and monitoring ambient air on a test bench;

(B) Zero point data for extractive instruments should be obtained by removing the extractive probe from the stack and drawing in clean ambient air;

(C) The zero point can also can be established obtained by performing manual reference method measurements when the flue gas is free of PM emissions or contains very low PM concentrations (e.g., when your process is not operating, but the fans are operating or your source is combusting only natural gas) and plotting these with the compliance data to find the zero intercept; and

(D) If none of the steps in paragraphs (i)(2)(i)(A) through (C) of this section are possible, you must use a zero output value provided by the manufacturer.

(ii) Determine your PM CPMS instrument average in milliamps, or the digital equivalent, and the average of your corresponding three PM compliance test runs, using equation 1:

Where:

X₁ = the PM CPMS output data points for the three runs constituting the performance test,

Y₁ = the PM concentration value for the three runs constituting the performance test, and

n = the number of data points.

(iii) With your instrument zero expressed in milliamps, or the digital equivalent, your three run average PM CPMS milliamp value, or its digital equivalent, and your three run average PM concentration from your three compliance tests, determine a relationship of mg/dscm per milliamp or digital signal equivalent, with equation 2:

Where:

R = the relative mg/dscm per milliamp, or the digital equivalent, for your PM CPMS,

Y₁ = the three run average mg/dscm PM concentration,

X₁ = the three run average milliamp output, or the digital equivalent, from you PM CPMS, and

z = the milliamp or digital signal equivalent of your instrument zero determined from paragraph (i)(2)(i) of this section.

(iv) Determine your source specific 30-day rolling average operating limit using the mg/dscm per milliamp value, or per digital signal equivalent, from equation 2 in equation 3, below. This sets your operating limit at the PM CPMS output value corresponding to 75 percent of your emission limit:

Where:

O_l = the operating limit for your PM CPMS on a 30-day rolling average, in milliamps or their digital signal equivalent,

L = your source emission limit expressed in mg/dscm,

z = your instrument zero in milliamps or digital equivalent, determined from paragraph (i)(2)(i) of this section, and

R = the relative mg/dscm per milliamp, or per digital signal output equivalent, for your PM CPMS, from equation 2.

(3) If the average of your three PM compliance test runs is at or above 75 percent of your PM emission limit you must determine your operating limit by averaging the PM CPMS milliamp or digital signal output corresponding to your three PM performance test runs that demonstrate compliance with the emission limit using equation 4 and you must submit all compliance test and PM CPMS data according to the reporting requirements in paragraph (i)(5) of this section:

Where:

X₁ = the PM CPMS data points for all runs i,

n = the number of data points, and

O_h = your site specific operating limit, in milliamps or digital signal equivalent.

(4) To determine continuous compliance, you must record the PM CPMS output data for all periods when the process is operating and the PM CPMS is not out-of-control. You must demonstrate continuous compliance by using all quality-assured hourly average data collected by the PM CPMS for all operating hours to calculate the arithmetic average operating parameter in units of the operating limit (e.g., milliamps or digital signal bits, PM concentration, raw data signal) on a 30-day rolling average basis.

(5) For PM performance test reports used to set a PM CPMS operating limit, the electronic submission of the test report must also include the make and model of the PM CPMS instrument, serial number of the instrument, analytical principle of the instrument (e.g., beta attenuation), span of the instruments primary analytical range, milliamp or digital signal value equivalent to the instrument zero output, technique by which this zero value was determined, and the average milliamp or digital signals corresponding to each PM compliance test run.

§ 60.2680

What if I do not use a wet scrubber, fabric filter, activated carbon injection, selective noncatalytic reduction, an electrostatic precipitator, or a dry scrubber to comply with the emission limitations?

(a) If you use an air pollution control device other than a wet scrubber, activated carbon injection, selective noncatalytic reduction, fabric filter, an electrostatic precipitator, or a dry scrubber or limit emissions in some other manner, including mass balances, to comply with the emission limitations under § 60.2670, you must petition the EPA Administrator for specific operating limits to be established during the initial performance test and continuously monitored thereafter. You must submit the petition at least sixty days before the performance test is scheduled to begin. Your petition must include the five items listed in paragraphs (a)(1) through (5) of this section:

(1) Identification of the specific parameters you propose to use as additional operating limits;

(2) A discussion of the relationship between these parameters and emissions of regulated pollutants, identifying how emissions of regulated pollutants change with changes in these parameters and how limits on these parameters will serve to limit emissions of regulated pollutants;

(3) A discussion of how you will establish the upper and/or lower values for these parameters which will establish the operating limits on these parameters;

(4) A discussion identifying the methods you will use to measure and the instruments you will use to monitor these parameters, as well as the relative accuracy and precision of these methods and instruments; and

(5) A discussion identifying the frequency and methods for recalibrating the instruments you will use for monitoring these parameters.

(b) [Reserved]

Model Rule—Performance Testing

§ 60.2690

How do I conduct the initial and annual performance test?

(a) All performance tests must consist of a minimum of three test runs conducted under conditions representative of normal operations.

(b) You must document that the waste burned during the performance test is representative of the waste burned under normal operating conditions by maintaining a log of the quantity of waste burned (as required in § 60.2740(b)(1)) and the types of waste burned during the performance test.

(c) All performance tests must be conducted using the minimum run duration specified in tables 2 and 6 through 9 of this subpart.

(d) Method 1 of appendix A of this part must be used to select the sampling location and number of traverse points.

(e) Method 3A or 3B of appendix A of this part must be used for gas composition analysis, including measurement of oxygen concentration. Method 3A or 3B of appendix A of this part must be used simultaneously with each method.

(f) All pollutant concentrations, except for opacity, must be adjusted to 7 percent oxygen using equation 5 of this section:

Where:

C_adj = pollutant concentration adjusted to 7 percent oxygen;

C_meas = pollutant concentration measured on a dry basis;

(20.9−7) = 20.9 percent oxygen−7 percent oxygen (defined oxygen correction basis);

20.9 = oxygen concentration in air, percent; and

%O₂ = oxygen concentration measured on a dry basis, percent.

(g) You must determine dioxins/furans toxic equivalency by following the procedures in paragraphs (g)(1) through (4) of this section:

(1) Measure the concentration of each dioxin/furan tetra- through octa-isomer emitted using EPA Method 23 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A;

(2) Quantify isomers meeting identification criteria 2, 3, 4, and 5 in Section 5.3.2.5 of Method 23, regardless of whether the isomers meet identification criteria 1 and 7. You must quantify the isomers per Section 9.0 of Method 23. [Note: You may reanalyze the sample aliquot or split to reduce the number of isomers not meeting identification criteria 1 or 7 of Section 5.3.2.5.];

(3) For each dioxin/furan (tetra- through octa-chlorinated) isomer measured in accordance with paragraph (g)(1) and (2) of this section, multiply the isomer concentration by its corresponding toxic equivalency factor specified in table 4 of this subpart; and

(4) Sum the products calculated in accordance with paragraph (g)(3) of this section to obtain the total concentration of dioxins/furans emitted in terms of toxic equivalency.

(h) Method 22 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-7 must be used to determine compliance with the fugitive ash emission limit in table 2 of this subpart or tables 6 through 9 of this subpart.

(i) If you have an applicable opacity operating limit, you must determine compliance with the opacity limit using Method 9 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-4, based on three 1-hour blocks consisting of ten 6-minute average opacity values, unless you are required to install a continuous opacity monitoring system, consistent with § 60.2710 and § 60.2730.

(j) You must determine dioxins/furans total mass basis by following the procedures in paragraphs (j)(1) through (3) of this section:

(1) Measure the concentration of each dioxin/furan tetra- through octa-chlorinated isomer emitted using EPA Method 23 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-7;

(2) Quantify isomers meeting identification criteria 2, 3, 4, and 5 in Section 5.3.2.5 of Method 23, regardless of whether the isomers meet identification criteria 1 and 7. You must quantify the isomers per Section 9.0 of Method 23. (Note: You may reanalyze the sample aliquot or split to reduce the number of isomers not meeting identification criteria 1 or 7 of Section 5.3.2.5.); and

(3) Sum the quantities measured in accordance with paragraphs (j)(1) and (2) of this section to obtain the total concentration of dioxins/furans emitted in terms of total mass basis.

§ 60.2695

How are the performance test data used?

You use results of performance tests to demonstrate compliance with the emission limitations in table 2 of this subpart or tables 6 through 9 of this subpart.

Model Rule—Initial Compliance Requirements

§ 60.2700

How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the amended emission limitations and establish the operating limits?

You must conduct a performance test, as required under §§ 60.2670 and 60.2690, to determine compliance with the emission limitations in table 2 of this subpart and tables 6 through 9 of this subpart, to establish compliance with any opacity operating limits in § 60.2675, to establish the kiln-specific emission limit in § 60.2710(y), as applicable, and to establish operating limits using the procedures in § 60.2675 or § 60.2680. The performance test must be conducted using the test methods listed in table 2 of this subpart and tables 6 through 9 of this subpart and the procedures in § 60.2690. The use of the bypass stack during a performance test shall invalidate the performance test. You must conduct a performance evaluation of each continuous monitoring system within 60 days of installation of the monitoring system.

§ 60.2705

By what date must I conduct the initial performance test?

(a) The initial performance test must be conducted no later than 180 days after your final compliance date. Your final compliance date is specified in table 1 of this subpart.

(b) If you commence or recommence combusting a solid waste at an existing combustion unit at any commercial or industrial facility and you conducted a test consistent with the provisions of this subpart while combusting the given solid waste within the 6 months preceding the reintroduction of that solid waste in the combustion chamber, you do not need to retest until 6 months from the date you reintroduce that solid waste.

(c) If you commence or recommence combusting a solid waste at an existing combustion unit at any commercial or industrial facility and you have not conducted a performance test consistent with the provisions of this subpart while combusting the given solid waste within the 6 months preceding the reintroduction of that solid waste in the combustion chamber, you must conduct a performance test within 60 days from the date you reintroduce solid waste.

§ 60.2706

By what date must I conduct the initial air pollution control device inspection?

(a) The initial air pollution control device inspection must be conducted within 60 days after installation of the control device and the associated CISWI unit reaches the charge rate at which it will operate, but no later than 180 days after the final compliance date for meeting the amended emission limitations.

(b) Within 10 operating days following an air pollution control device inspection, all necessary repairs must be completed unless the owner or operator obtains written approval from the state agency establishing a date whereby all necessary repairs of the designated facility must be completed.

Model Rule—Continuous Compliance Requirements

§ 60.2710

How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the amended emission limitations and the operating limits?

(a) Compliance with standards. (1) The emission standards and operating requirements set forth in this subpart apply at all times.

(2) If you cease combusting solid waste you may opt to remain subject to the provisions of this subpart. Consistent with the definition of CISWI unit, you are subject to the requirements of this subpart at least 6 months following the last date of solid waste combustion. Solid waste combustion is ceased when solid waste is not in the combustion chamber (i.e., the solid waste feed to the combustor has been cut off for a period of time not less than the solid waste residence time).

(3) If you cease combusting solid waste you must be in compliance with any newly applicable standards on the effective date of the waste-to-fuel switch. The effective date of the waste-to-fuel switch is a date selected by you, that must be at least 6 months from the date that you ceased combusting solid waste, consistent with § 60.2710(a)(2). Your source must remain in compliance with this subpart until the effective date of the waste-to-fuel switch.

(4) If you own or operate an existing commercial or industrial combustion unit that combusted a fuel or non-waste material, and you commence or recommence combustion of solid waste, you are subject to the provisions of this subpart as of the first day you introduce or reintroduce solid waste to the combustion chamber, and this date constitutes the effective date of the fuel-to-waste switch. You must complete all initial compliance demonstrations for any Section 112 standards that are applicable to your facility before you commence or recommence combustion of solid waste. You must provide 30 days prior notice of the effective date of the waste-to-fuel switch. The notification must identify:

(i) The name of the owner or operator of the CISWI unit, the location of the source, the emissions unit(s) that will cease burning solid waste, and the date of the notice;

(ii) The currently applicable subcategory under this subpart, and any 40 CFR part 63 subpart and subcategory that will be applicable after you cease combusting solid waste;

(iii) The fuel(s), non-waste material(s) and solid waste(s) the CISWI unit is currently combusting and has combusted over the past 6 months, and the fuel(s) or non-waste materials the unit will commence combusting;

(iv) The date on which you became subject to the currently applicable emission limits;

(v) The date upon which you will cease combusting solid waste, and the date (if different) that you intend for any new requirements to become applicable (i.e., the effective date of the waste-to-fuel switch), consistent with paragraphs (a)(2) and (3) of this section.

(5) All air pollution control equipment necessary for compliance with any newly applicable emissions limits which apply as a result of the cessation or commencement or recommencement of combusting solid waste must be installed and operational as of the effective date of the waste-to-fuel, or fuel-to-waste switch.

(6) All monitoring systems necessary for compliance with any newly applicable monitoring requirements which apply as a result of the cessation or commencement or recommencement of combusting solid waste must be installed and operational as of the effective date of the waste-to-fuel, or fuel-to-waste switch. All calibration and drift checks must be performed as of the effective date of the waste-to-fuel, or fuel-to-waste switch. Relative accuracy tests must be performed as of the performance test deadline for PM CEMS (if PM CEMS are elected to demonstrate continuous compliance with the particulate matter emission limits). Relative accuracy testing for other CEMS need not be repeated if that testing was previously performed consistent with section 112 monitoring requirements or monitoring requirements under this subpart.

(b) You must conduct an annual performance test for the pollutants listed in table 2 of this subpart or tables 6 through 9 of this subpart and opacity for each CISWI unit as required under § 60.2690. The annual performance test must be conducted using the test methods listed in table 2 of this subpart or tables 6 through 9 of this subpart and the procedures in § 60.2690. Opacity must be measured using EPA Reference Method 9 at 40 CFR part 60. Annual performance tests are not required if you use CEMS or continuous opacity monitoring systems to determine compliance.

(c) You must continuously monitor the operating parameters specified in § 60.2675 or established under § 60.2680 and as specified in § 60.2735. Operation above the established maximum or below the established minimum operating limits constitutes a deviation from the established operating limits. Three-hour block average values are used to determine compliance (except for baghouse leak detection system alarms) unless a different averaging period is established under § 60.2680 or, for energy recovery units, where the averaging time for each operating parameter is a 30-day rolling, calculated each hour as the average of the previous 720 operating hours over the previous 30 days of operation. Operation above the established maximum, below the established minimum, or outside the allowable range of the operating limits specified in paragraph (a) of this section constitutes a deviation from your operating limits established under this subpart, except during performance tests conducted to determine compliance with the emission and operating limits or to establish new operating limits. Operating limits are confirmed or reestablished during performance tests.

(d) You must burn only the same types of waste and fuels used to establish subcategory applicability (for ERUs) and operating limits during the performance test.

(e) For energy recovery units, incinerators, and small remote units, you must perform annual visual emissions test for ash handling.

(f) For energy recovery units, you must conduct an annual performance test for opacity using EPA Reference Method 9 at 40 CFR part 60 (except where particulate matter continuous monitoring system or continuous parameter monitoring systems are used) and the pollutants listed in table 7 of this subpart.

(g) For facilities using a CEMS to demonstrate compliance with the carbon monoxide emission limit, compliance with the carbon monoxide emission limit may be demonstrated by using the CEMS according to the following requirements:

(1) You must measure emissions according to § 60.13 to calculate 1-hour arithmetic averages, corrected to 7 percent oxygen. CEMS data during startup and shutdown, as defined in this subpart, are not corrected to 7 percent oxygen, and are measured at stack oxygen content. You must demonstrate initial compliance with the carbon monoxide emissions limit using a 30-day rolling average of the 1-hour arithmetic average emission concentrations, including CEMS data during startup and shutdown as defined in this subpart, calculated using equation 19-19 in section 12.4.1 of EPA Reference Method 19 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-7.

(2) Operate the carbon monoxide continuous emissions monitoring system in accordance with the applicable requirements of performance specification 4A of appendix B and the quality assurance procedures of appendix F of this part.

(h) Coal and liquid/gas energy recovery units with annual average heat input rates greater than 250 MMBtu/hr may elect to demonstrate continuous compliance with the particulate matter emissions limit using a particulate matter CEMS according to the procedures in § 60.2730(n) instead of the continuous parameter monitoring system specified in § 60.2710(i). Coal and liquid/gas energy recovery units with annual average heat input rates less than 250 MMBtu/hr, incinerators, and small remote incinerators may also elect to demonstrate compliance using a particulate matter CEMS according to the procedures in § 60.2730(n) instead of particulate matter testing with EPA Method 5 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-3 and, if applicable, the continuous opacity monitoring requirements in paragraph (i) of this section.

(i) For energy recovery units with annual average heat input rates greater than or equal to 10 MMBTU/hour but less than 250 MMBtu/hr you must install, operate, certify and maintain a continuous opacity monitoring system (COMS) according to the procedures in § 60.2730.

(j) For waste-burning kilns, you must conduct an annual performance test for the pollutants (except mercury and particulate matter, and hydrogen chloride if no acid gas wet scrubber is used) listed in table 8 of this subpart. If you do not use an acid gas wet scrubber or dry scrubber, you must determine compliance with the hydrogen chloride emissions limit according to the requirements in paragraph (j)(1) of this section. You must determine compliance with the mercury emissions limit using a mercury CEMS according to paragraph (j)(2) of this section. You must determine compliance with particulate matter using CPMS:

(1) If you monitor compliance with the HCl emissions limit by operating an HCl CEMS, you must do so in accordance with Performance Specification 15 (PS 15) of appendix B to 40 CFR part 60, or, PS 18 of appendix B to 40 CFR part 60. You must operate, maintain, and quality assure a HCl CEMS installed and certified under PS 15 according to the quality assurance requirements in Procedure 1 of appendix F to 40 CFR part 60 except that the Relative Accuracy Test Audit requirements of Procedure 1 must be replaced with the validation requirements and criteria of sections 11.1.1 and 12.0 of PS 15. You must operate, maintain and quality assure a HCl CEMS installed and certified under PS 18 according to the quality assurance requirements in Procedure 6 of appendix F to 40 CFR part 60. For any performance specification that you use, you must use Method 321 of appendix A to 40 CFR part 63 as the reference test method for conducting relative accuracy testing. The span value and calibration requirements in paragraphs (j)(1)(i) and (ii) of this section apply to all HCl CEMS used under this subpart:

(i) You must use a measurement span value for any HCl CEMS of 0-10 ppmvw unless the monitor is installed on a kiln without an inline raw mill. Kilns without an inline raw mill may use a higher span value sufficient to quantify all expected emissions concentrations. The HCl CEMS data recorder output range must include the full range of expected HCl concentration values which would include those expected during “mill off” conditions. The corresponding data recorder range shall be documented in the site-specific monitoring plan and associated records; and

(ii) In order to quality assure data measured above the span value, you must use one of the three options in paragraphs (j)(1)(ii)(A) through (C) of this section:

(A) Include a second span that encompasses the HCl emission concentrations expected to be encountered during “mill off” conditions. This second span may be rounded to a multiple of 5 ppm of total HCl. The requirements of the appropriate HCl monitor performance specification shall be followed for this second span with the exception that a RATA with the mill off is not required;

(B) Quality assure any data above the span value by proving instrument linearity beyond the span value established in paragraph (j)(1)(i) of this section using the following procedure. Conduct a weekly “above span linearity” calibration challenge of the monitoring system using a reference gas with a certified value greater than your highest expected hourly concentration or greater than 75% of the highest measured hourly concentration. The “above span” reference gas must meet the requirements of the applicable performance specification and must be introduced to the measurement system at the probe. Record and report the results of this procedure as you would for a daily calibration. The “above span linearity” challenge is successful if the value measured by the HCl CEMS falls within 10 percent of the certified value of the reference gas. If the value measured by the HCl CEMS during the above span linearity challenge exceeds 10 percent of the certified value of the reference gas, the monitoring system must be evaluated and repaired and a new “above span linearity” challenge met before returning the HCl CEMS to service, or data above span from the HCl CEMS must be subject to the quality assurance procedures established in (j)(1)(ii)(D) of this section. In this manner values measured by the HCl CEMS during the above span linearity challenge exceeding +/−20 percent of the certified value of the reference gas must be normalized using equation 6;

(C) Quality assure any data above the span value established in paragraph (j)(1)(i) of this section using the following procedure. Any time two consecutive one-hour average measured concentration of HCl exceeds the span value you must, within 24 hours before or after, introduce a higher, “above span” HCl reference gas standard to the HCl CEMS. The “above span” reference gas must meet the requirements of the applicable performance specification and target a concentration level between 50 and 150 percent of the highest expected hourly concentration measured during the period of measurements above span, and must be introduced at the probe. While this target represents a desired concentration range that is not always achievable in practice, it is expected that the intent to meet this range is demonstrated by the value of the reference gas. Expected values may include above span calibrations done before or after the above-span measurement period. Record and report the results of this procedure as you would for a daily calibration. The “above span” calibration is successful if the value measured by the HCl CEMS is within 20 percent of the certified value of the reference gas. If the value measured by the HCl CEMS is not within 20 percent of the certified value of the reference gas, then you must normalize the stack gas values measured above span as described in paragraph (j)(1)(ii)(D) of this section. If the “above span” calibration is conducted during the period when measured emissions are above span and there is a failure to collect the one data point in an hour due to the calibration duration, then you must determine the emissions average for that missed hour as the average of hourly averages for the hour preceding the missed hour and the hour following the missed hour. In an hour where an “above span” calibration is being conducted and one or more data points are collected, the emissions average is represented by the average of all valid data points collected in that hour; and

(D) In the event that the “above span” calibration is not successful (i.e., the HCl CEMS measured value is not within 20 percent of the certified value of the reference gas), then you must normalize the one-hour average stack gas values measured above the span during the 24-hour period preceding or following the “above span” calibration for reporting based on the HCl CEMS response to the reference gas as shown in equation 6:

Only one “above span” calibration is needed per 24-hour period.

(2) Compliance with the mercury emissions limit must be determined using a mercury CEMS according to the following requirements:

(i) You must operate a CEMS in accordance with performance specification 12A at 40 CFR part 60, appendix B or a sorbent trap based integrated monitor in accordance with performance specification 12B at 40 CFR part 60, appendix B. The duration of the performance test must be a calendar month. For each calendar month in which the waste-burning kiln operates, hourly mercury concentration data and stack gas volumetric flow rate data must be obtained. You must demonstrate compliance with the mercury emissions limit using a 30-day rolling average of these 1-hour mercury concentrations, including CEMS data during startup and shutdown as defined in this subpart, calculated using equation 19-19 in section 12.4.1 of EPA Reference Method 19 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-7 of this part. CEMS data during startup and shutdown, as defined in this subpart, are not corrected to 7 percent oxygen, and are measured at stack oxygen content;

(ii) Owners or operators using a mercury continuous emissions monitoring systems must install, operate, calibrate and maintain an instrument for continuously measuring and recording the mercury mass emissions rate to the atmosphere according to the requirements of performance specifications 6 and 12A at 40 CFR part 60, appendix B and quality assurance procedure 5 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix F; and

(iii) The owner or operator of a waste-burning kiln must demonstrate initial compliance by operating a mercury CEMS while the raw mill of the in-line kiln/raw mill is operating under normal conditions and including at least one period when the raw mill is off.

(k) If you use an air pollution control device to meet the emission limitations in this subpart, you must conduct an initial and annual inspection of the air pollution control device. The inspection must include, at a minimum, the following:

(1) Inspect air pollution control device(s) for proper operation; and

(2) Develop a site-specific monitoring plan according to the requirements in paragraph (l) of this section. This requirement also applies to you if you petition the EPA Administrator for alternative monitoring parameters under § 60.13(i).

(l) For each CMS required in this section, you must develop and submit to the EPA Administrator for approval a site-specific monitoring plan according to the requirements of this paragraph (l) that addresses paragraphs (l)(1)(i) through (vi) of this section:

(1) You must submit this site-specific monitoring plan at least 60 days before your initial performance evaluation of your continuous monitoring system:

(i) Installation of the continuous monitoring system sampling probe or other interface at a measurement location relative to each affected process unit such that the measurement is representative of control of the exhaust emissions (e.g., on or downstream of the last control device);

(ii) Performance and equipment specifications for the sample interface, the pollutant concentration or parametric signal analyzer and the data collection and reduction systems;

(iii) Performance evaluation procedures and acceptance criteria (e.g., calibrations);

(iv) Ongoing operation and maintenance procedures in accordance with the general requirements of § 60.11(d);

(v) Ongoing data quality assurance procedures in accordance with the general requirements of § 60.13; and

(vi) Ongoing recordkeeping and reporting procedures in accordance with the general requirements of § 60.7(b),(c), (c)(1), (c)(4), (d), (e), (f) and (g).

(2) You must conduct a performance evaluation of each continuous monitoring system in accordance with your site-specific monitoring plan.

(3) You must operate and maintain the continuous monitoring system in continuous operation according to the site-specific monitoring plan.

(m) If you have an operating limit that requires the use of a flow monitoring system, you must meet the requirements in paragraphs (l) and (m)(1) through (4) of this section:

(1) Install the flow sensor and other necessary equipment in a position that provides a representative flow;

(2) Use a flow sensor with a measurement sensitivity at full scale of no greater than 2 percent;

(3) Minimize the effects of swirling flow or abnormal velocity distributions due to upstream and downstream disturbances; and

(4) Conduct a flow monitoring system performance evaluation in accordance with your monitoring plan at the time of each performance test but no less frequently than annually.

(n) If you have an operating limit that requires the use of a pressure monitoring system, you must meet the requirements in paragraphs (l) and (n)(1) through (6) of this section:

(1) Install the pressure sensor(s) in a position that provides a representative measurement of the pressure (e.g., PM scrubber pressure drop);

(2) Minimize or eliminate pulsating pressure, vibration, and internal and external corrosion;

(3) Use a pressure sensor with a minimum tolerance of 1.27 centimeters of water or a minimum tolerance of 1 percent of the pressure monitoring system operating range, whichever is less;

(4) Perform checks at the frequency outlined in your site-specific monitoring plan to ensure pressure measurements are not obstructed (e.g., check for pressure tap plugging daily);

(5) Conduct a performance evaluation of the pressure monitoring system in accordance with your monitoring plan at the time of each performance test but no less frequently than annually; and

(6) If at any time the measured pressure exceeds the manufacturer's specified maximum operating pressure range, conduct a performance evaluation of the pressure monitoring system in accordance with your monitoring plan and confirm that the pressure monitoring system continues to meet the performance requirements in your monitoring plan. Alternatively, install and verify the operation of a new pressure sensor.

(o) If you have an operating limit that requires a pH monitoring system, you must meet the requirements in paragraphs (l) and (o)(1) through (4) of this section:

(1) Install the pH sensor in a position that provides a representative measurement of scrubber effluent pH;

(2) Ensure the sample is properly mixed and representative of the fluid to be measured;

(3) Conduct a performance evaluation of the pH monitoring system in accordance with your monitoring plan at least once each process operating day; and

(4) Conduct a performance evaluation (including a two-point calibration with one of the two buffer solutions having a pH within 1 of the pH of the operating limit) of the pH monitoring system in accordance with your monitoring plan at the time of each performance test but no less frequently than quarterly.

(p) If you have an operating limit that requires a secondary electric power monitoring system for an electrostatic precipitator, you must meet the requirements in paragraphs (l) and (p)(1) and (2) of this section:

(1) Install sensors to measure (secondary) voltage and current to the precipitator collection plates; and

(2) Conduct a performance evaluation of the electric power monitoring system in accordance with your monitoring plan at the time of each performance test but no less frequently than annually.

(q) If you have an operating limit that requires the use of a monitoring system to measure sorbent injection rate (e.g., weigh belt, weigh hopper, or hopper flow measurement device), you must meet the requirements in paragraphs (l) and (q)(1) and (2) of this section:

(1) Install the system in a position(s) that provides a representative measurement of the total sorbent injection rate; and

(2) Conduct a performance evaluation of the sorbent injection rate monitoring system in accordance with your monitoring plan at the time of each performance test but no less frequently than annually.

(r) If you elect to use a fabric filter bag leak detection system to comply with the requirements of this subpart, you must install, calibrate, maintain, and continuously operate a bag leak detection system as specified in paragraphs (l) and (r)(1) through (5) of this section:

(1) Install a bag leak detection sensor(s) in a position(s) that will be representative of the relative or absolute particulate matter loadings for each exhaust stack, roof vent, or compartment (e.g., for a positive pressure fabric filter) of the fabric filter;

(2) Use a bag leak detection system certified by the manufacturer to be capable of detecting particulate matter emissions at concentrations of 10 milligrams per actual cubic meter or less;

(3) Conduct a performance evaluation of the bag leak detection system in accordance with your monitoring plan and consistent with the guidance provided in EPA-454/R-98-015 (incorporated by reference, see § 60.17);

(4) Use a bag leak detection system equipped with a device to continuously record the output signal from the sensor; and

(5) Use a bag leak detection system equipped with a system that will sound an alarm when an increase in relative particulate matter emissions over a preset level is detected. The alarm must be located where it is observed readily by plant operating personnel.

(s) For facilities using a CEMS to demonstrate compliance with the sulfur dioxide emission limit, compliance with the sulfur dioxide emission limit may be demonstrated by using the CEMS specified in § 60.2730 to measure sulfur dioxide. CEMS data during startup and shutdown, as defined in this subpart, are not corrected to 7 percent oxygen, and are measured at stack oxygen content. You must calculate a 30-day rolling average of the 1-hour arithmetic average emission concentrations, including CEMS data during startup and shutdown as defined in this subpart, using equation 19-19 in section 12.4.1 of EPA Reference Method 19 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-7. The sulfur dioxide CEMS must be operated according to performance specification 2 in appendix B of this part and must follow the procedures and methods specified in paragraph (s) of this section. For sources that have actual inlet emissions less than 100 parts per million dry volume, the relative accuracy criterion for inlet sulfur dioxide CEMS should be no greater than 20 percent of the mean value of the reference method test data in terms of the units of the emission standard, or 5 parts per million dry volume absolute value of the mean difference between the reference method and the CEMS, whichever is greater:

(1) During each relative accuracy test run of the CEMS required by performance specification 2 in appendix B of this part, collect sulfur dioxide and oxygen (or carbon dioxide) data concurrently (or within a 30- to 60-minute period) with both the CEMS and the test methods specified in paragraphs (s)(1)(i) and (ii) of this section:

(i) For sulfur dioxide, EPA Reference Method 6 or 6C, or as an alternative ANSI/ASME PTC 19.10-1981 (incorporated by reference, see § 60.17) must be used; and

(ii) For oxygen (or carbon dioxide), EPA Reference Method 3A or 3B, or as an alternative ANSI/ASME PTC 19.10-1981 (incorporated by reference, see § 60.17), as applicable, must be used.

(2) The span value of the CEMS at the inlet to the sulfur dioxide control device must be 125 percent of the maximum estimated hourly potential sulfur dioxide emissions of the unit subject to this subpart. The span value of the CEMS at the outlet of the sulfur dioxide control device must be 50 percent of the maximum estimated hourly potential sulfur dioxide emissions of the unit subject to this subpart.

(3) Conduct accuracy determinations quarterly and calibration drift tests daily in accordance with procedure 1 in appendix F of this part.

(t) For facilities using a CEMS to demonstrate continuous compliance with the nitrogen oxides emission limit, compliance with the nitrogen oxides emission limit may be demonstrated by using the CEMS specified in § 60.2730 to measure nitrogen oxides. CEMS data during startup and shutdown, as defined in this subpart, are not corrected to 7 percent oxygen, and are measured at stack oxygen content. You must calculate a 30-day rolling average of the 1-hour arithmetic average emission concentration using equation 19-19 in section 12.4.1 of EPA Reference Method 19 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-7. The nitrogen oxides CEMS must be operated according to performance specification 2 in appendix B of this part and must follow the procedures and methods specified in paragraphs (t)(1) through (4) of this section:

(1) During each relative accuracy test run of the CEMS required by performance specification 2 of appendix B of this part, collect nitrogen oxides and oxygen (or carbon dioxide) data concurrently (or within a 30- to 60-minute period) with both the CEMS and the test methods specified in paragraphs (t)(1)(i) and (ii) of this section:

(i) For nitrogen oxides, EPA Reference Method 7 or 7E at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-4 must be used; and

(ii) For oxygen (or carbon dioxide), EPA Reference Method 3A or 3B, or as an alternative ANSI/ASME PTC 19.10-1981 (incorporated by reference, see § 60.17), as applicable, must be used.

(2) The span value of the CEMS must be 125 percent of the maximum estimated hourly potential nitrogen oxide emissions of unit.

(3) Conduct accuracy determinations quarterly and calibration drift tests daily in accordance with procedure 1 in appendix F of this part.

(4) The owner or operator of an affected facility may request that compliance with the nitrogen oxides emission limit be determined using carbon dioxide measurements corrected to an equivalent of 7 percent oxygen. If carbon dioxide is selected for use in diluent corrections, the relationship between oxygen and carbon dioxide levels must be established during the initial performance test according to the procedures and methods specified in paragraphs (t)(4)(i) through (iv) of this section. This relationship may be reestablished during performance compliance tests:

(i) The fuel factor equation in Method 3B must be used to determine the relationship between oxygen and carbon dioxide at a sampling location. Method 3A, 3B, or as an alternative ANSI/ASME PTC 19.10-1981 (incorporated by reference, see § 60.17), as applicable, must be used to determine the oxygen concentration at the same location as the carbon dioxide monitor;

(ii) Samples must be taken for at least 30 minutes in each hour;

(iii) Each sample must represent a 1-hour average; and

(iv) A minimum of 3 runs must be performed.

(u) For facilities using a continuous emissions monitoring system to demonstrate continuous compliance with any of the emission limits of this subpart, you must complete the following:

(1) Demonstrate compliance with the appropriate emission limit(s) using a 30-day rolling average of 1-hour arithmetic average emission concentrations, including CEMS data during startup and shutdown, as defined in this subpart, calculated using equation 19-19 in section 12.4.1 of EPA Reference Method 19 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-7. CEMS data during startup and shutdown, as defined in this subpart, are not corrected to 7 percent oxygen, and are measured at stack oxygen content; and

(2) Operate all CEMS in accordance with the applicable procedures under appendices B and F of this part.

(v) Use of the bypass stack at any time is an emissions standards deviation for particulate matter, HCl, Pb, Cd, Hg, NO_X, SO₂, and dioxin/furans.

(w) For energy recovery units with a design heat input capacity of 100 MMBtu per hour or greater that do not use a carbon monoxide CEMS, you must install, operate, and maintain an oxygen analyzer system as defined in § 60.2875 according to the procedures in paragraphs (w)(1) through (4) of this section:

(1) The oxygen analyzer system must be installed by the initial performance test date specified in § 60.2675;

(2) You must operate the oxygen trim system within compliance with paragraph (w)(3) of this section at all times;

(3) You must maintain the oxygen level such that the 30-day rolling average that is established as the operating limit for oxygen is not below the lowest hourly average oxygen concentration measured during the most recent CO performance test; and

(4) You must calculate and record a 30-day rolling average oxygen concentration using equation 19-19 in section 12.4.1 of EPA Reference Method 19 of Appendix A-7 of this part.

(x) For energy recovery units with annual average heat input rates greater than or equal to 250 MMBtu/hour and waste-burning kilns, you must install, calibrate, maintain, and operate a PM CPMS and record the output of the system as specified in paragraphs (x)(1) through (8) of this section. For other energy recovery units, you may elect to use PM CPMS operated in accordance with this section. PM CPMS are suitable in lieu of using other CMS for monitoring PM compliance (e.g., bag leak detectors, ESP secondary power, PM scrubber pressure):

(1) Install, calibrate, operate, and maintain your PM CPMS according to the procedures in your approved site-specific monitoring plan developed in accordance with paragraphs (l) and (x)(1)(i) through (iii) of this section:

(i) The operating principle of the PM CPMS must be based on in-stack or extractive light scatter, light scintillation, beta attenuation, or mass accumulation of the exhaust gas or representative sample. The reportable measurement output from the PM CPMS must be expressed as milliamps or the digital signal equivalent;

(ii) The PM CPMS must have a cycle time (i.e., period required to complete sampling, measurement, and reporting for each measurement) no longer than 60 minutes; and

(iii) The PM CPMS must be capable of detecting and responding to particulate matter concentrations increments no greater than 0.5 mg/actual cubic meter.

(2) During the initial performance test or any such subsequent performance test that demonstrates compliance with the PM limit, you must adjust the site-specific operating limit in accordance with the results of the performance test according to the procedures specified in § 60.2675.

(3) Collect PM CPMS hourly average output data for all energy recovery unit or waste-burning kiln operating hours. Express the PM CPMS output as milliamps or the digital signal equivalent.

(4) Calculate the arithmetic 30-day rolling average of all of the hourly average PM CPMS output collected during all energy recovery unit or waste-burning kiln operating hours data (milliamps or their digital equivalent).

(5) You must collect data using the PM CPMS at all times the energy recovery unit or waste-burning kiln is operating and at the intervals specified in paragraph (x)(1)(ii) of this section, except for periods of monitoring system malfunctions, repairs associated with monitoring system malfunctions, required monitoring system quality assurance or quality control activities (including, as applicable, calibration checks and required zero and span adjustments), and any scheduled maintenance as defined in your site-specific monitoring plan.

(6) You must use all the data collected during all energy recovery unit or waste-burning kiln operating hours in assessing the compliance with your operating limit except:

(i) Any data collected during monitoring system malfunctions, repairs associated with monitoring system malfunctions, or required monitoring system quality assurance or quality control activities conducted during monitoring system malfunctions are not used in calculations (report any such periods in your annual deviation report);

(ii) Any data collected during periods when the monitoring system is out of control as specified in your site-specific monitoring plan, repairs associated with periods when the monitoring system is out of control, or required monitoring system quality assurance or quality control activities conducted during out-of-control periods are not used in calculations (report emissions or operating levels and report any such periods in your annual deviation report);

(iii) Any PM CPMS data recorded during periods of CEMS data during startup and shutdown, as defined in this subpart.

(7) You must record and make available upon request results of PM CPMS system performance audits, as well as the dates and duration of periods from when the PM CPMS is out of control until completion of the corrective actions necessary to return the PM CPMS to operation consistent with your site-specific monitoring plan.

(8) For any deviation of the 30-day rolling average PM CPMS average value from the established operating parameter limit, you must:

(i) Within 48 hours of the deviation, visually inspect the air pollution control device;

(ii) If inspection of the air pollution control device identifies the cause of the deviation, take corrective action as soon as possible and return the PM CPMS measurement to within the established value;

(iii) Within 30 days of the deviation or at the time of the annual compliance test, whichever comes first, conduct a PM emissions compliance test to determine compliance with the PM emissions limit and to verify. Within 45 days of the deviation, you must re-establish the CPMS operating limit. You are not required to conduct additional testing for any deviations that occur between the time of the original deviation and the PM emissions compliance test required under paragraph (x) of this section; and

(iv) PM CPMS deviations leading to more than four required performance tests in a 12-month process operating period (rolling monthly) constitute a violation of this subpart.

(y) When there is an alkali bypass and/or an in-line coal mill that exhaust emissions through a separate stack(s), the combined emissions are subject to the emission limits applicable to waste-burning kilns. To determine the kiln-specific emission limit for demonstrating compliance, you must:

(1) Calculate a kiln-specific emission limit using equation 7:

Where:

C_ks = Kiln stack concentration (ppmvd, mg/dscm, ng/dscm, depending on pollutant. Each corrected to 7% O₂.)

Q_ab = Alkali bypass flow rate (volume/hr)

C_ab = Alkali bypass concentration (ppmvd, mg/dscm, ng/dscm, depending on pollutant. Each corrected to 7% O₂.)

Q_cm = In-line coal mill flow rate (volume/hr)

C_cm = In-line coal mill concentration (ppmvd, mg/dscm, ng/dscm, depending on pollutant. Each corrected to 7% O₂.)

Q_ks = Kiln stack flow rate (volume/hr)

(2) Particulate matter concentration must be measured downstream of the in-line coal mill. All other pollutant concentrations must be measured either upstream or downstream of the in-line coal mill.

(3) For purposes of determining the combined emissions from kilns equipped with an alkali bypass or that exhaust kiln gases to a coal mill that exhausts through a separate stack, instead of installing a CEMS or PM CPMS on the alkali bypass stack or in-line coal mill stack, the results of the initial and subsequent performance test can be used to demonstrate compliance with the relevant emissions limit. A performance test must be conducted on an annual basis (between 11 and 13 calendar months following the previous performance test).

§ 60.2715

By what date must I conduct the annual performance test?

You must conduct annual performance tests between 11 and 13 months of the previous performance test.

§ 60.2716

By what date must I conduct the annual air pollution control device inspection?

On an annual basis (no more than 12 months following the previous annual air pollution control device inspection), you must complete the air pollution control device inspection as described in § 60.2706.

§ 60.2720

May I conduct performance testing less often?

(a) You must conduct annual performance tests according to the schedule specified in § 60.2715, with the following exceptions:

(1) You may conduct a repeat performance test at any time to establish new values for the operating limits to apply from that point forward, as specified in § 60.2725. The Administrator may request a repeat performance test at any time;

(2) You must repeat the performance test within 60 days of a process change, as defined in § 60.2875; and

(3) If the initial or any subsequent performance test for any pollutant in table 2 or tables 6 through 9 of this subpart, as applicable, demonstrates that the emission level for the pollutant is no greater than the emission level specified in paragraph (a)(3)(i) or (a)(3)(ii) of this section, as applicable, and you are not required to conduct a performance test for the pollutant in response to a request by the Administrator in paragraph (a)(1) of this section or a process change in paragraph (a)(2) of this section, you may elect to skip conducting a performance test for the pollutant for the next 2 years. You must conduct a performance test for the pollutant during the third year and no more than 37 months following the previous performance test for the pollutant. For cadmium and lead, both cadmium and lead must be emitted at emission levels no greater than their respective emission levels specified in paragraph (a)(3)(i) of this section for you to qualify for less frequent testing under paragraph (a) of this section:

(i) For particulate matter, hydrogen chloride, mercury, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, cadmium, lead, and dioxins/furans, the emission level equal to 75 percent of the applicable emission limit in table 2 or tables 6 through 9 of this subpart, as applicable, to this subpart; and

(ii) For fugitive emissions, visible emissions (of combustion ash from the ash conveying system) for 2 percent of the time during each of the three 1-hour observation periods.

(4) If you are conducting less frequent testing for a pollutant as provided in paragraph (a)(3) of this section and a subsequent performance test for the pollutant indicates that your CISWI unit does not meet the emission level specified in paragraph (a)(3)(i) or (a)(3)(ii) of this section, as applicable, you must conduct annual performance tests for the pollutant according to the schedule specified in paragraph (a) of this section until you qualify for less frequent testing for the pollutant as specified in paragraph (a)(3) of this section.

(b) [Reserved]

§ 60.2725

May I conduct a repeat performance test to establish new operating limits?

(a) Yes. You may conduct a repeat performance test at any time to establish new values for the operating limits. The Administrator may request a repeat performance test at any time.

(b) You must repeat the performance test if your feed stream is different than the feed streams used during any performance test used to demonstrate compliance.

Model Rule—Monitoring

§ 60.2730

What monitoring equipment must I install and what parameters must I monitor?

(a) If you are using a wet scrubber to comply with the emission limitation under § 60.2670, you must install, calibrate (to manufacturers' specifications), maintain, and operate devices (or establish methods) for monitoring the value of the operating parameters used to determine compliance with the operating limits listed in table 3 of this subpart. These devices (or methods) must measure and record the values for these operating parameters at the frequencies indicated in table 3 of this subpart at all times except as specified in § 60.2735(a).

(b) If you use a fabric filter to comply with the requirements of this subpart and you do not use a PM CPMS for monitoring PM compliance, you must install, calibrate, maintain, and continuously operate a bag leak detection system as specified in paragraphs (b)(1) through (8) of this section:

(1) You must install and operate a bag leak detection system for each exhaust stack of the fabric filter;

(2) Each bag leak detection system must be installed, operated, calibrated, and maintained in a manner consistent with the manufacturer's written specifications and recommendations;

(3) The bag leak detection system must be certified by the manufacturer to be capable of detecting particulate matter emissions at concentrations of 10 milligrams per actual cubic meter or less;

(4) The bag leak detection system sensor must provide output of relative or absolute particulate matter loadings;

(5) The bag leak detection system must be equipped with a device to continuously record the output signal from the sensor;

(6) The bag leak detection system must be equipped with an alarm system that will alert automatically an operator when an increase in relative particulate matter emission over a preset level is detected. The alarm must be located where it is observed easily by plant operating personnel;

(7) For positive pressure fabric filter systems, a bag leak detection system must be installed in each baghouse compartment or cell. For negative pressure or induced air fabric filters, the bag leak detector must be installed downstream of the fabric filter; and

(8) Where multiple detectors are required, the system's instrumentation and alarm may be shared among detectors.

(c) If you are using something other than a wet scrubber, activated carbon, selective non-catalytic reduction, an electrostatic precipitator, or a dry scrubber to comply with the emission limitations under § 60.2670, you must install, calibrate (to the manufacturers' specifications), maintain, and operate the equipment necessary to monitor compliance with the site-specific operating limits established using the procedures in § 60.2680.

(d) If you use activated carbon injection to comply with the emission limitations in this subpart, you must measure the minimum sorbent flow rate once per hour.

(e) If you use selective noncatalytic reduction to comply with the emission limitations, you must complete the following:

(1) Following the date on which the initial performance test is completed or is required to be completed under § 60.2690, whichever date comes first, ensure that the affected facility does not operate above the maximum charge rate, or below the minimum secondary chamber temperature (if applicable to your CISWI unit) or the minimum reagent flow rate measured as 3-hour block averages at all times; and

(2) Operation of the affected facility above the maximum charge rate, below the minimum secondary chamber temperature and below the minimum reagent flow rate simultaneously constitute a violation of the nitrogen oxides emissions limit.

(f) If you use an electrostatic precipitator to comply with the emission limits of this subpart and you do not use a PM CPMS for monitoring PM compliance, you must monitor the secondary power to the electrostatic precipitator collection plates and maintain the 3-hour block averages at or above the operating limits established during the mercury or particulate matter performance test.

(g) For waste-burning kilns not equipped with a wet scrubber or dry scrubber, in place of hydrogen chloride testing with EPA Method 321 at 40 CFR part 63, appendix A, an owner or operator must install, calibrate, maintain, and operate a CEMS for monitoring hydrogen chloride emissions, as specified in § 60.2710(j), discharged to the atmosphere and record the output of the system. To demonstrate continuous compliance with the hydrogen chloride emissions limit for units other than waste-burning kilns not equipped with a wet scrubber or dry scrubber, a facility may substitute use of a hydrogen chloride CEMS for conducting the hydrogen chloride annual performance test, monitoring the minimum hydrogen chloride sorbent flow rate, monitoring the minimum scrubber liquor pH.

(h) To demonstrate continuous compliance with the particulate matter emissions limit, a facility may substitute use of either a particulate matter CEMS or a particulate matter CPMS for conducting the particulate matter annual performance test and other CMS monitoring for PM compliance (e.g., bag leak detectors, ESP secondary power, PM scrubber pressure).

(i) To demonstrate continuous compliance with the dioxin/furan emissions limit, a facility may substitute use of a continuous automated sampling system for the dioxin/furan annual performance test. You must record the output of the system and analyze the sample according to EPA Method 23 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-7. This option to use a continuous automated sampling system takes effect on the date a final performance specification applicable to dioxin/furan from continuous monitors is published in the Federal Register. The owner or operator who elects to continuously sample dioxin/furan emissions instead of sampling and testing using EPA Method 23 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-7 must install, calibrate, maintain and operate a continuous automated sampling system and must comply with the requirements specified in § 60.58b(p) and (q). A facility may substitute continuous dioxin/furan monitoring for the minimum sorbent flow rate, if activated carbon sorbent injection is used solely for compliance with the dioxin/furan emission limit.

(j) To demonstrate continuous compliance with the mercury emissions limit, a facility may substitute use of a continuous automated sampling system for the mercury annual performance test. You must record the output of the system and analyze the sample at set intervals using any suitable determinative technique that can meet performance specification 12B criteria. This option to use a continuous automated sampling system takes effect on the date a final performance specification applicable to mercury from monitors is published in the Federal Register. The owner or operator who elects to continuously sample mercury emissions instead of sampling and testing using EPA Method 29 or 30B at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-8, ASTM D6784-02 (Reapproved 2008) (incorporated by reference, see § 60.17), or an approved alternative method for measuring mercury emissions, must install, calibrate, maintain and operate a continuous automated sampling system and must comply with the requirements specified in § 60.58b(p) and (q). A facility may substitute continuous mercury monitoring for the minimum sorbent flow rate, if activated carbon sorbent injection is used solely for compliance with the mercury emission limit. Waste-burning kilns must install, calibrate, maintain, and operate a mercury CEMS as specified in § 60.2710(j).

(k) To demonstrate continuous compliance with the nitrogen oxides emissions limit, a facility may substitute use of a CEMS for the nitrogen oxides annual performance test to demonstrate compliance with the nitrogen oxides emissions limits and monitoring the charge rate, secondary chamber temperature and reagent flow for selective noncatalytic reduction, if applicable:

(1) Install, calibrate, maintain and operate a CEMS for measuring nitrogen oxides emissions discharged to the atmosphere and record the output of the system. The requirements under performance specification 2 of appendix B of this part, the quality assurance procedure 1 of appendix F of this part and the procedures under § 60.13 must be followed for installation, evaluation and operation of the CEMS; and

(2) Following the date that the initial performance test for nitrogen oxides is completed or is required to be completed under § 60.2690, compliance with the emission limit for nitrogen oxides required under § 60.52b(d) must be determined based on the 30-day rolling average of the hourly emission concentrations using CEMS outlet data. The 1-hour arithmetic averages must be expressed in parts per million by volume corrected to 7 percent oxygen (dry basis) and used to calculate the 30-day rolling average concentrations. CEMS data during startup and shutdown, as defined in this subpart, are not corrected to 7 percent oxygen, and are measured at stack oxygen content. The 1-hour arithmetic averages must be calculated using the data points required under § 60.13(e)(2).

(l) To demonstrate continuous compliance with the sulfur dioxide emissions limit, a facility may substitute use of a continuous automated sampling system for the sulfur dioxide annual performance test to demonstrate compliance with the sulfur dioxide emissions limits:

(1) Install, calibrate, maintain and operate a CEMS for measuring sulfur dioxide emissions discharged to the atmosphere and record the output of the system. The requirements under performance specification 2 of appendix B of this part, the quality assurance requirements of procedure 1 of appendix F of this part and the procedures under § 60.13 must be followed for installation, evaluation and operation of the CEMS; and

(2) Following the date that the initial performance test for sulfur dioxide is completed or is required to be completed under § 60.2690, compliance with the sulfur dioxide emission limit may be determined based on the 30-day rolling average of the hourly arithmetic average emission concentrations using CEMS outlet data. The 1-hour arithmetic averages must be expressed in parts per million corrected to 7 percent oxygen (dry basis) and used to calculate the 30-day rolling average emission concentrations. CEMS data during startup and shutdown, as defined in this subpart, are not corrected to 7 percent oxygen, and are measured at stack oxygen content. The 1-hour arithmetic averages must be calculated using the data points required under § 60.13(e)(2).

(m) For energy recovery units over 10 MMBtu/hr but less than 250 MMBtu/hr annual average heat input rates that do not use a wet scrubber, fabric filter with bag leak detection system, or particulate matter CEMS, you must install, operate, certify and maintain a continuous opacity monitoring system according to the procedures in paragraphs (m)(1) through (5) of this section by the compliance date specified in § 60.2670. Energy recovery units that use a particulate matter CEMS to demonstrate initial and continuing compliance according to the procedures in § 60.2730(n) are not required to install a continuous opacity monitoring system and must perform the annual performance tests for opacity consistent with § 60.2710(f):

(1) Install, operate and maintain each continuous opacity monitoring system according to performance specification 1 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix B;

(2) Conduct a performance evaluation of each continuous opacity monitoring system according to the requirements in § 60.13 and according to performance specification 1 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix B;

(3) As specified in § 60.13(e)(1), each continuous opacity monitoring system must complete a minimum of one cycle of sampling and analyzing for each successive 10-second period and one cycle of data recording for each successive 6-minute period;

(4) Reduce the continuous opacity monitoring system data as specified in § 60.13(h)(1); and

(5) Determine and record all the 6-minute averages (and 1-hour block averages as applicable) collected.

(n) For coal and liquid/gas energy recovery units, incinerators, and small remote incinerators, an owner or operator may elect to install, calibrate, maintain and operate a CEMS for monitoring particulate matter emissions discharged to the atmosphere and record the output of the system. The owner or operator of an affected facility who continuously monitors particulate matter emissions instead of conducting performance testing using EPA Method 5 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-3 or, as applicable, monitor with a particulate matter CPMS according to paragraph (r) of this section, must install, calibrate, maintain and operate a CEMS and must comply with the requirements specified in paragraphs (n)(1) through (13) of this section:

(1) Notify the Administrator 1 month before starting use of the system;

(2) Notify the Administrator 1 month before stopping use of the system;

(3) The monitor must be installed, evaluated and operated in accordance with the requirements of performance specification 11 of appendix B of this part and quality assurance requirements of procedure 2 of appendix F of this part and § 60.13;

(4) The initial performance evaluation must be completed no later than 180 days after the final compliance date for meeting the amended emission limitations, as specified under § 60.2690 or within 180 days of notification to the Administrator of use of the continuous monitoring system if the owner or operator was previously determining compliance by Method 5 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-3 performance tests, whichever is later;

(5) The owner or operator of an affected facility may request that compliance with the particulate matter emission limit be determined using carbon dioxide measurements corrected to an equivalent of 7 percent oxygen. The relationship between oxygen and carbon dioxide levels for the affected facility must be established according to the procedures and methods specified in § 60.2710(t)(4)(i) through (iv);

(6) The owner or operator of an affected facility must conduct an initial performance test for particulate matter emissions as required under § 60.2690. Compliance with the particulate matter emission limit, if PM CEMS are elected for demonstrating compliance, must be determined by using the CEMS specified in paragraph (n) of this section to measure particulate matter. You must calculate a 30-day rolling average of 1-hour arithmetic average emission concentrations, including CEMS data during startup and shutdown, as defined in this subpart, using equation 19-19 in section 12.4.1 of EPA Reference Method 19 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-7 of this part;

(7) Compliance with the particulate matter emission limit must be determined based on the 30-day rolling average calculated using equation 19-19 in section 12.4.1 of EPA Reference Method 19 at 40 CFR part 60, Appendix A-7 of the part from the 1-hour arithmetic average of the CEMS outlet data.

(8) At a minimum, valid continuous monitoring system hourly averages must be obtained as specified § 60.2735;

(9) The 1-hour arithmetic averages required under paragraph (n)(7) of this section must be expressed in milligrams per dry standard cubic meter corrected to 7 percent oxygen (or carbon dioxide) (dry basis) and must be used to calculate the 30-day rolling average emission concentrations. CEMS data during startup and shutdown, as defined in this subpart, are not corrected to 7 percent oxygen, and are measured at stack oxygen content. The 1-hour arithmetic averages must be calculated using the data points required under § 60.13(e)(2);

(10) All valid CEMS data must be used in calculating average emission concentrations even if the minimum CEMS data requirements of paragraph (n)(8) of this section are not met;

(11) The CEMS must be operated according to performance specification 11 in appendix B of this part;

(12) During each relative accuracy test run of the CEMS required by performance specification 11 in appendix B of this part, particulate matter and oxygen (or carbon dioxide) data must be collected concurrently (or within a 30-to 60-minute period) by both the CEMS and the following test methods:

(i) For particulate matter, EPA Reference Method 5 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-3 must be used; and

(ii) For oxygen (or carbon dioxide), EPA Reference Method 3A or 3B at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-2, as applicable, must be used; and

(13) Quarterly accuracy determinations and daily calibration drift tests must be performed in accordance with procedure 2 in appendix F of this part.

(o) To demonstrate continuous compliance with the carbon monoxide emissions limit, a facility may substitute use of a continuous automated sampling system for the carbon monoxide annual performance test to demonstrate compliance with the carbon monoxide emissions limits:

(1) Install, calibrate, maintain, and operate a CEMS for measuring carbon monoxide emissions discharged to the atmosphere and record the output of the system. The requirements under performance specification 4B of appendix B of this part, the quality assurance procedure 1 of appendix F of this part and the procedures under § 60.13 must be followed for installation, evaluation, and operation of the CEMS; and

(2) Following the date that the initial performance test for carbon monoxide is completed or is required to be completed under § 60.2690, compliance with the carbon monoxide emission limit may be determined based on the 30-day rolling average of the hourly arithmetic average emission concentrations, including CEMS data during startup and shutdown as defined in this subpart, using CEMS outlet data. Except for CEMS data during startup and shutdown, as defined in this subpart, the 1-hour arithmetic averages must be expressed in parts per million corrected to 7 percent oxygen (dry basis) and used to calculate the 30-day rolling average emission concentrations. CEMS data collected during startup or shutdown, as defined in this subpart, are not corrected to 7 percent oxygen, and are measured at stack oxygen content. The 1-hour arithmetic averages must be calculated using the data points required under § 60.13(e)(2).

(p) The owner/operator of an affected source with a bypass stack shall install, calibrate (to manufacturers' specifications), maintain and operate a device or method for measuring the use of the bypass stack including date, time and duration.

(q) For energy recovery units with a heat input capacity of 100 MMBtu per hour or greater that do not use a carbon monoxide CEMS, you must install, operate and maintain the continuous oxygen monitoring system as defined in § 60.2875 according to the procedures in paragraphs (q)(1) through (4) of this section:

(1) The oxygen analyzer system must be installed by the initial performance test date specified in § 60.2675;

(2) You must operate the oxygen trim system within compliance with paragraph (q)(3) of this section at all times;

(3) You must maintain the oxygen level such that the 30-day rolling average that is established as the operating limit for oxygen according to paragraph (q)(4) of this section is not below the lowest hourly average oxygen concentration measured during the most recent CO performance test; and

(4) You must calculate and record a 30-day rolling average oxygen concentration using equation 19-19 in section 12.4.1 of EPA Reference Method 19 of Appendix A-7 of this part.

(r) For energy recovery units with annual average heat input rates greater than or equal to 250 MMBtu/hour and waste-burning kilns, you must install, calibrate, maintain, and operate a PM CPMS and record the output of the system as specified in paragraphs (r)(1) through (8) of this section. For other energy recovery units, you may elect to use PM CPMS operated in accordance with this section. PM CPMS are suitable in lieu of using other CMS for monitoring PM compliance (e.g., bag leak detectors, ESP secondary power, PM scrubber pressure):

(1) Install, calibrate, operate, and maintain your PM CPMS according to the procedures in your approved site-specific monitoring plan developed in accordance with § 60.2710(l) and (r)(1)(i) through (iii) of this section:

(i) The operating principle of the PM CPMS must be based on in-stack or extractive light scatter, light scintillation, beta attenuation, or mass accumulation of the exhaust gas or representative sample. The reportable measurement output from the PM CPMS must be expressed as milliamps or the digital signal equivalent;

(ii) The PM CPMS must have a cycle time (i.e., period required to complete sampling, measurement, and reporting for each measurement) no longer than 60 minutes; and

(iii) The PM CPMS must be capable of detecting and responding to particulate matter concentrations increments no greater than 0.5 mg/actual cubic meter.

(2) During the initial performance test or any such subsequent performance test that demonstrates compliance with the PM limit, you must adjust the site-specific operating limit in accordance with the results of the performance test according to the procedures specified in § 60.2675.

(3) Collect PM CPMS hourly average output data for all energy recovery unit or waste-burning kiln operating hours. Express the PM CPMS output as milliamps or the digital signal equivalent.

(4) Calculate the arithmetic 30-day rolling average of all of the hourly average PM CPMS output collected during all energy recovery unit or waste-burning kiln operating hours data (milliamps or digital bits).

(5) You must collect data using the PM CPMS at all times the energy recovery unit or waste-burning kiln is operating and at the intervals specified in paragraph (r)(1)(ii) of this section, except for periods of monitoring system malfunctions, repairs associated with monitoring system malfunctions, required monitoring system quality assurance or quality control activities (including, as applicable, calibration checks and required zero and span adjustments), and any scheduled maintenance as defined in your site-specific monitoring plan.

(6) You must use all the data collected during all energy recovery unit or waste-burning kiln operating hours in assessing the compliance with your operating limit except:

(i) Any data collected during monitoring system malfunctions, repairs associated with monitoring system malfunctions, or required monitoring system quality assurance or quality control activities conducted during monitoring system malfunctions are not used in calculations (report any such periods in your annual deviation report);

(ii) Any data collected during periods when the monitoring system is out of control as specified in your site-specific monitoring plan, repairs associated with periods when the monitoring system is out of control, or required monitoring system quality assurance or quality control activities conducted during out-of-control periods are not used in calculations (report emissions or operating levels and report any such periods in your annual deviation report); and

(iii) Any PM CPMS data recorded during periods of CEMS data during startup and shutdown, as defined in this subpart.

(7) You must record and make available upon request results of PM CPMS system performance audits, as well as the dates and duration of periods from when the PM CPMS is out of control until completion of the corrective actions necessary to return the PM CPMS to operation consistent with your site-specific monitoring plan.

(8) For any deviation of the 30-day rolling average PM CPMS average value from the established operating parameter limit, you must:

(i) Within 48 hours of the deviation, visually inspect the air pollution control device;

(ii) If inspection of the air pollution control device identifies the cause of the deviation, take corrective action as soon as possible and return the PM CPMS measurement to within the established value;

(iii) Within 30 days of the deviation or at the time of the annual compliance test, whichever comes first, conduct a PM emissions compliance test to determine compliance with the PM emissions limit and to verify the operation of the emissions control device(s). Within 45 days of the deviation, you must re-establish the CPMS operating limit. You are not required to conduct additional testing for any deviations that occur between the time of the original deviation and the PM emissions compliance test required under this paragraph; and

(iv) PM CPMS deviations leading to more than four required performance tests in a 12-month process operating period (rolling monthly) constitute a violation of this subpart.

(s) If you use a dry scrubber to comply with the emission limits of this subpart, you must monitor the injection rate of each sorbent and maintain the 3-hour block averages at or above the operating limits established during the hydrogen chloride performance test.

§ 60.2735

Is there a minimum amount of monitoring data I must obtain?

For each continuous monitoring system required or optionally allowed under § 60.2730, you must monitor and collect data according to this section:

(a) You must operate the monitoring system and collect data at all required intervals at all times compliance is required except for periods of monitoring system malfunctions or out-of-control periods, repairs associated with monitoring system malfunctions or out-of-control periods (as specified in § 60.2770(o)), and required monitoring system quality assurance or quality control activities including, as applicable, calibration checks and required zero and span adjustments. A monitoring system malfunction is any sudden, infrequent, not reasonably preventable failure of the monitoring system to provide valid data. Monitoring system failures that are caused in part by poor maintenance or careless operation are not malfunctions. You are required to effect monitoring system repairs in response to monitoring system malfunctions or out-of-control periods and to return the monitoring system to operation as expeditiously as practicable.

(b) You may not use data recorded during the monitoring system malfunctions, repairs associated with monitoring system malfunctions or out-of control periods, or required monitoring system quality assurance or control activities in calculations used to report emissions or operating levels. You must use all the data collected during all other periods, including data normalized for above scale readings, in assessing the operation of the control device and associated control system.

(c) Except for periods of monitoring system malfunctions or out-of-control periods, repairs associated with monitoring system malfunctions or out-of-control periods, and required monitoring system quality assurance or quality control activities including, as applicable, calibration checks and required zero and span adjustments, failure to collect required data is a deviation of the monitoring requirements.

Model Rule—Recordkeeping and Reporting

§ 60.2740

What records must I keep?

You must maintain the items (as applicable) as specified in paragraphs (a), (b), and (e) through (w) of this section for a period of at least 5 years:

(a) Calendar date of each record;

(b) Records of the data described in paragraphs (b)(1) through (6) of this section:

(1) The CISWI unit charge dates, times, weights, and hourly charge rates;

(2) Liquor flow rate to the wet scrubber inlet every 15 minutes of operation, as applicable;

(3) Pressure drop across the wet scrubber system every 15 minutes of operation or amperage to the wet scrubber every 15 minutes of operation, as applicable;

(4) Liquor pH as introduced to the wet scrubber every 15 minutes of operation, as applicable;

(5) For affected CISWI units that establish operating limits for controls other than wet scrubbers under § 60.2675(d) through (g) or § 60.2680, you must maintain data collected for all operating parameters used to determine compliance with the operating limits. For energy recovery units using activated carbon injection or a dry scrubber, you must also maintain records of the load fraction and corresponding sorbent injection rate records; and

(6) If a fabric filter is used to comply with the emission limitations, you must record the date, time, and duration of each alarm and the time corrective action was initiated and completed, and a brief description of the cause of the alarm and the corrective action taken. You must also record the percent of operating time during each 6-month period that the alarm sounds, calculated as specified in § 60.2675(c).

(c)-(d) [Reserved]

(e) Identification of calendar dates and times for which data show a deviation from the operating limits in table 3 of this subpart or a deviation from other operating limits established under § 60.2675(d) through (g) or § 60.2680 with a description of the deviations, reasons for such deviations, and a description of corrective actions taken.

(f) The results of the initial, annual, and any subsequent performance tests conducted to determine compliance with the emission limits and/or to establish operating limits, as applicable. Retain a copy of the complete test report including calculations.

(g) Records showing the names of CISWI unit operators who have completed review of the information in § 60.2660(a) as required by § 60.2660(b), including the date of the initial review and all subsequent annual reviews.

(h) Records showing the names of the CISWI operators who have completed the operator training requirements under § 60.2635, met the criteria for qualification under § 60.2645, and maintained or renewed their qualification under § 60.2650 or § 60.2655. Records must include documentation of training, the dates of the initial and refresher training, and the dates of their qualification and all subsequent renewals of such qualifications.

(i) For each qualified operator, the phone and/or pager number at which they can be reached during operating hours.

(j) Records of calibration of any monitoring devices as required under § 60.2730.

(k) Equipment vendor specifications and related operation and maintenance requirements for the incinerator, emission controls, and monitoring equipment.

(l) The information listed in § 60.2660(a).

(m) On a daily basis, keep a log of the quantity of waste burned and the types of waste burned (always required).

(n) Maintain records of the annual air pollution control device inspections that are required for each CISWI unit subject to the emissions limits in table 2 of this subpart or tables 6 through 9 of this subpart, any required maintenance and any repairs not completed within 10 days of an inspection or the timeframe established by the state regulatory agency.

(o) For continuously monitored pollutants or parameters, you must document and keep a record of the following parameters measured using continuous monitoring systems:

(1) All 6-minute average levels of opacity;

(2) All 1-hour average concentrations of sulfur dioxide emissions. You must indicate which data are CEMS data during startup and shutdown;

(3) All 1-hour average concentrations of nitrogen oxides emissions. You must indicate which data are CEMS data during startup and shutdown;

(4) All 1-hour average concentrations of carbon monoxide emissions. You must indicate which data are CEMS data during startup and shutdown;

(5) All 1-hour average concentrations of particulate matter emissions. You must indicate which data are CEMS data during startup and shutdown;

(6) All 1-hour average concentrations of mercury emissions. You must indicate which data are CEMS data during startup and shutdown;

(7) All 1-hour average concentrations of hydrogen chloride emissions. You must indicate which data are CEMS data during startup and shutdown;

(8) All 1-hour average percent oxygen concentrations; and

(9) All 1-hour average PM CPMS readings or particulate matter CEMS outputs.

(p) Records indicating use of the bypass stack, including dates, times and durations.

(q) If you choose to stack test less frequently than annually, consistent with § 60.2720(a) through (c), you must keep annual records that document that your emissions in the previous stack test(s) were less than 75 percent of the applicable emission limit and document that there was no change in source operations including fuel composition and operation of air pollution control equipment that would cause emissions of the relevant pollutant to increase within the past year.

(r) Records of the occurrence and duration of each malfunction of operation (i.e., process equipment) or the air pollution control and monitoring equipment.

(s) Records of all required maintenance performed on the air pollution control and monitoring equipment.

(t) Records of actions taken during periods of malfunction to minimize emissions in accordance with § 60.11(d), including corrective actions to restore malfunctioning process and air pollution control and monitoring equipment to its normal or usual manner of operation.

(u) For operating units that combust non-hazardous secondary materials that have been determined not to be solid waste pursuant to § 241.3(b)(1) of this chapter, you must keep a record which documents how the secondary material meets each of the legitimacy criteria under § 241.3(d)(1). If you combust a fuel that has been processed from a discarded non-hazardous secondary material pursuant to § 241.3(b)(4), you must keep records as to how the operations that produced the fuel satisfies the definition of processing in § 241.2 and each of the legitimacy criteria in § 241.3(d)(1) of this chapter. If the fuel received a non-waste determination pursuant to the petition process submitted under § 241.3(c), you must keep a record that documents how the fuel satisfies the requirements of the petition process. For operating units that combust non-hazardous secondary materials as fuel per § 241.4, you must keep records documenting that the material is a listed non-waste under § 241.4(a).

(v) Records of the criteria used to establish that the unit qualifies as a small power production facility under section 3(17)(C) of the Federal Power Act (16 U.S.C. 796(17)(C)) and that the waste material the unit is proposed to burn is homogeneous.

(w) Records of the criteria used to establish that the unit qualifies as a cogeneration facility under section 3(18)(B) of the Federal Power Act (16 U.S.C. 796(18)(B)) and that the waste material the unit is proposed to burn is homogeneous.

§ 60.2745

Where and in what format must I keep my records?

All records must be available onsite in either paper copy or computer-readable format that can be printed upon request, unless an alternative format is approved by the Administrator.

§ 60.2750

What reports must I submit?

See table 5 of this subpart for a summary of the reporting requirements.

§ 60.2755

When must I submit my waste management plan?

You must submit the waste management plan no later than the date specified in table 1 of this subpart for submittal of the final control plan.

§ 60.2760

What information must I submit following my initial performance test?

You must submit the information specified in paragraphs (a) through (c) of this section no later than 60 days following the initial performance test. All reports must be signed by the facilities manager:

(a) The complete test report for the initial performance test results obtained under § 60.2700, as applicable;

(b) The values for the site-specific operating limits established in § 60.2675 or § 60.2680; and

(c) If you are using a fabric filter to comply with the emission limitations, documentation that a bag leak detection system has been installed and is being operated, calibrated, and maintained as required by § 60.2730(b).

§ 60.2765

When must I submit my annual report?

You must submit an annual report no later than 12 months following the submission of the information in § 60.2760. You must submit subsequent reports no more than 12 months following the previous report. (If the unit is subject to permitting requirements under title V of the Clean Air Act, you may be required by the permit to submit these reports more frequently.)

§ 60.2770

What information must I include in my annual report?

The annual report required under § 60.2765 must include the ten items listed in paragraphs (a) through (j) of this section. If you have a deviation from the operating limits or the emission limitations, you must also submit deviation reports as specified in §§ 60.2775, 60.2780, and 60.2785:

(a) Company name and address;

(b) Statement by a responsible official, with that official's name, title, and signature, certifying the accuracy of the content of the report;

(c) Date of report and beginning and ending dates of the reporting period;

(d) The values for the operating limits established pursuant to § 60.2675 or § 60.2680;

(e) If no deviation from any emission limitation or operating limit that applies to you has been reported, a statement that there was no deviation from the emission limitations or operating limits during the reporting period;

(f) The highest recorded 3-hour average and the lowest recorded 3-hour average, as applicable, for each operating parameter recorded for the calendar year being reported;

(g) Information recorded under § 60.2740(b)(6) and (c) through (e) for the calendar year being reported;

(h) For each performance test conducted during the reporting period, if any performance test is conducted, the process unit(s) tested, the pollutant(s) tested and the date that such performance test was conducted. Submit, following the procedure specified in § 60.2795(b)(1), the performance test report no later than the date that you submit the annual report;

(i) If you met the requirements of § 60.2720(a) or (b), and did not conduct a performance test during the reporting period, you must state that you met the requirements of § 60.2720(a) or (b), and, therefore, you were not required to conduct a performance test during the reporting period;

(j) Documentation of periods when all qualified CISWI unit operators were unavailable for more than 8 hours, but less than 2 weeks;

(k) If you had a malfunction during the reporting period, the compliance report must include the number, duration, and a brief description for each type of malfunction that occurred during the reporting period and that caused or may have caused any applicable emission limitation to be exceeded. The report must also include a description of actions taken by an owner or operator during a malfunction of an affected source to minimize emissions in accordance with § 60.11(d), including actions taken to correct a malfunction;

(l) For each deviation from an emission or operating limitation that occurs for a CISWI unit for which you are not using a CMS to comply with the emission or operating limitations in this subpart, the annual report must contain the following information:

(1) The total operating time of the CISWI unit at which the deviation occurred during the reporting period; and

(2) Information on the number, duration, and cause of deviations (including unknown cause, if applicable), as applicable, and the corrective action taken.

(m) If there were periods during which the continuous monitoring system, including the CEMS, was out of control as specified in paragraph (o) of this section, the annual report must contain the following information for each deviation from an emission or operating limitation occurring for a CISWI unit for which you are using a continuous monitoring system to comply with the emission and operating limitations in this subpart:

(1) The date and time that each malfunction started and stopped;

(2) The date, time, and duration that each CMS was inoperative, except for zero (low-level) and high-level checks;

(3) The date, time, and duration that each continuous monitoring system was out-of-control, including start and end dates and hours and descriptions of corrective actions taken;

(4) The date and time that each deviation started and stopped, and whether each deviation occurred during a period of malfunction or during another period;

(5) A summary of the total duration of the deviation during the reporting period, and the total duration as a percent of the total source operating time during that reporting period;

(6) A breakdown of the total duration of the deviations during the reporting period into those that are due to control equipment problems, process problems, other known causes, and other unknown causes;

(7) A summary of the total duration of continuous monitoring system downtime during the reporting period, and the total duration of continuous monitoring system downtime as a percent of the total operating time of the CISWI unit at which the continuous monitoring system downtime occurred during that reporting period;

(8) An identification of each parameter and pollutant that was monitored at the CISWI unit;

(9) A brief description of the CISWI unit;

(10) A brief description of the continuous monitoring system;

(11) The date of the latest continuous monitoring system certification or audit; and

(12) A description of any changes in continuous monitoring system, processes, or controls since the last reporting period.

(n) If there were periods during which the continuous monitoring system, including the CEMS, was not out of control as specified in paragraph (o) of this section, a statement that there were not periods during which the continuous monitoring system was out of control during the reporting period.

(o) A continuous monitoring system is out of control if any of the following occur:

(1) The zero (low-level), mid-level (if applicable), or high-level calibration drift exceeds two times the applicable calibration drift specification in the applicable performance specification or in the relevant standard;

(2) The continuous monitoring system fails a performance test audit (e.g., cylinder gas audit), relative accuracy audit, relative accuracy test audit, or linearity test audit; and

(3) The continuous opacity monitoring system calibration drift exceeds two times the limit in the applicable performance specification in the relevant standard.

(p) For energy recovery units, include the annual heat input and average annual heat input rate of all fuels being burned in the unit to verify which subcategory of energy recovery unit applies.

§ 60.2775

What else must I report if I have a deviation from the operating limits or the emission limitations?

(a) You must submit a deviation report if any recorded 3-hour average parameter level is above the maximum operating limit or below the minimum operating limit established under this subpart, if the bag leak detection system alarm sounds for more than 5 percent of the operating time for the 6-month reporting period, or if a performance test was conducted that deviated from any emission limitation.

(b) The deviation report must be submitted by August 1 of that year for data collected during the first half of the calendar year (January 1 to June 30), and by February 1 of the following year for data you collected during the second half of the calendar year (July 1 to December 31).

§ 60.2780

What must I include in the deviation report?

In each report required under § 60.2775, for any pollutant or parameter that deviated from the emission limitations or operating limits specified in this subpart, include the four items described in paragraphs (a) through (d) of this section:

(a) The calendar dates and times your unit deviated from the emission limitations or operating limit requirements;

(b) The averaged and recorded data for those dates;

(c) Durations and causes of the following:

(1) Each deviation from emission limitations or operating limits and your corrective actions; and

(2) Bypass events and your corrective actions.

(d) A copy of the operating limit monitoring data during each deviation and for any test report that documents the emission levels the process unit(s) tested, the pollutant(s) tested and the date that the performance test was conducted. Submit, following the procedure specified in § 60.2795(b)(1), the performance test report no later than the date that you submit the deviation report.

§ 60.2785

What else must I report if I have a deviation from the requirement to have a qualified operator accessible?

(a) If all qualified operators are not accessible for 2 weeks or more, you must take the two actions in paragraphs (a)(1) and (2) of this section:

(1) Submit a notification of the deviation within 10 days that includes the three items in paragraphs (a)(1)(i) through (iii) of this section:

(i) A statement of what caused the deviation;

(ii) A description of what you are doing to ensure that a qualified operator is accessible; and

(iii) The date when you anticipate that a qualified operator will be available.

(2) Submit a status report to the Administrator every 4 weeks that includes the three items in paragraphs (a)(2)(i) through (iii) of this section:

(i) A description of what you are doing to ensure that a qualified operator is accessible;

(ii) The date when you anticipate that a qualified operator will be accessible; and

(iii) Request approval from the Administrator to continue operation of the CISWI unit.

(b) If your unit was shut down by the Administrator, under the provisions of § 60.2665(b)(2), due to a failure to provide an accessible qualified operator, you must notify the Administrator that you are resuming operation once a qualified operator is accessible.

§ 60.2790

Are there any other notifications or reports that I must submit?

(a) Yes. You must submit notifications as provided by § 60.7.

(b) If you cease combusting solid waste but continue to operate, you must provide 30 days prior notice of the effective date of the waste-to-fuel switch, consistent with § 60.2710(a). The notification must identify:

(1) The name of the owner or operator of the CISWI unit, the location of the source, the emissions unit(s) that will cease burning solid waste, and the date of the notice;

(2) The currently applicable subcategory under this subpart, and any 40 CFR part 63 subpart and subcategory that will be applicable after you cease combusting solid waste;

(3) The fuel(s), non-waste material(s) and solid waste(s) the CISWI unit is currently combusting and has combusted over the past 6 months, and the fuel(s) or non-waste materials the unit will commence combusting;

(4) The date on which you became subject to the currently applicable emission limits; and

(5) The date upon which you will cease combusting solid waste, and the date (if different) that you intend for any new requirements to become applicable (i.e., the effective date of the waste-to-fuel switch), consistent with paragraphs (b)(2) and (3) of this section.

§ 60.2795

In what form can I submit my reports?

(a) Submit initial, annual and deviation reports electronically on or before the submittal due dates. Submit the reports to the EPA via the Compliance and Emissions Data Reporting Interface (CEDRI). (CEDRI can be accessed through the EPA's Central Data Exchange (CDX) (https://cdx.epa.gov/​).) Use the appropriate electronic report in CEDRI for this subpart or an alternate electronic file format consistent with the extensible markup language (XML) schema listed on the CEDRI Web site (https://www3.epa.gov/​ttn/​chief/​cedri/​index.html), once the XML schema is available. If the reporting form specific to this subpart is not available in CEDRI at the time that the report is due, submit the report to the Administrator at the appropriate address listed in § 60.4. Once the form has been available in CEDRI for 90 calendar days, you must begin submitting all subsequent reports via CEDRI. The reports must be submitted by the deadlines specified in this subpart, regardless of the method in which the report is submitted.

(b) Submit results of each performance test and CEMS performance evaluation required by this subpart as follows:

(1) Within 60 days after the date of completing each performance test (see § 60.8) required by this subpart, you must submit the results of the performance test following the procedure specified in either paragraph (b)(1)(i) or (b)(1)(ii) of this section:

(i) For data collected using test methods supported by the EPA's Electronic Reporting Tool (ERT) as listed on the EPA's ERT Web site (https://www3.epa.gov/​ttn/​chief/​ert/​ert_​info.html) at the time of the test, you must submit the results of the performance test to the EPA via the CEDRI. (CEDRI can be accessed through the EPA's CDX (https://cdx.epa.gov/​).) Performance test data must be submitted in a file format generated through the use of the EPA's ERT or an alternate electronic file format consistent with the XML schema listed on the EPA's ERT Web site. If you claim that some of the performance test information being submitted is confidential business information (CBI), you must submit a complete file generated through the use of the EPA's ERT or an alternate electronic file consistent with the XML schema listed on the EPA's ERT Web site, including information claimed to be CBI, on a compact disc, flash drive, or other commonly used electronic storage media to the EPA. The electronic media must be clearly marked as CBI and mailed to U.S. EPA/OAQPS/CORE CBI Office, Attention: Group Leader, Measurement Policy Group, MD C404-02, 4930 Old Page Rd., Durham, NC 27703. The same ERT or alternate file with the CBI omitted must be submitted to the EPA via the EPA's CDX as described earlier in this paragraph; and

(ii) For data collected using test methods that are not supported by the EPA's ERT as listed on the EPA's ERT Web site at the time of the test, you must submit the results of the performance test to the Administrator at the appropriate address listed in § 60.4.

(2) Within 60 days after the date of completing each continuous emissions monitoring system performance evaluation you must submit the results of the performance evaluation following the procedure specified in either paragraph (b)(1) or (b)(2) of this section:

(i) For performance evaluations of continuous monitoring systems measuring relative accuracy test audit (RATA) pollutants that are supported by the EPA's ERT as listed on the EPA's ERT Web site at the time of the evaluation, you must submit the results of the performance evaluation to the EPA via the CEDRI. (CEDRI can be accessed through the EPA's CDX.) Performance evaluation data must be submitted in a file format generated through the use of the EPA's ERT or an alternate file format consistent with the XML schema listed on the EPA's ERT Web site. If you claim that some of the performance evaluation information being submitted is CBI, you must submit a complete file generated through the use of the EPA's ERT or an alternate electronic file consistent with the XML schema listed on the EPA's ERT Web site, including information claimed to be CBI, on a compact disc, flash drive, or other commonly used electronic storage media to the EPA. The electronic storage media must be clearly marked as CBI and mailed to U.S. EPA/OAQPS/CORE CBI Office, Attention: Group Leader, Measurement Policy Group, MD C404-02, 4930 Old Page Rd., Durham, NC 27703. The same ERT or alternate file with the CBI omitted must be submitted to the EPA via the EPA's CDX as described earlier in this paragraph; and

(ii) For any performance evaluations of continuous monitoring systems measuring RATA pollutants that are not supported by the EPA's ERT as listed on the EPA's ERT Web site at the time of the evaluation, you must submit the results of the performance evaluation to the Administrator at the appropriate address listed in § 60.4.

§ 60.2800

Can reporting dates be changed?

If the Administrator agrees, you may change the semiannual or annual reporting dates. See § 60.19(c) for procedures to seek approval to change your reporting date.

Model Rule—Title V Operating Permits

§ 60.2805

Am I required to apply for and obtain a Title V operating permit for my unit?

Yes. Each CISWI unit and air curtain incinerator subject to standards under this subpart must operate pursuant to a permit issued under Clean Air Act sections 129(e) and Title V.

Model Rule—Air Curtain Incinerators

§ 60.2810

What is an air curtain incinerator?

(a) An air curtain incinerator operates by forcefully projecting a curtain of air across an open chamber or open pit in which combustion occurs. Incinerators of this type can be constructed above or below ground and with or without refractory walls and floor. (Air curtain incinerators are not to be confused with conventional combustion devices with enclosed fireboxes and controlled air technology such as mass burn, modular, and fluidized bed combustors.)

(b) Air curtain incinerators that burn only the materials listed in paragraphs (b)(1) through (3) of this section are only required to meet the requirements under § 60.2805 and under “Air Curtain Incinerators” (§§ 60.2810 through 60.2870):

(1) 100 percent wood waste;

(2) 100 percent clean lumber; and

(3) 100 percent mixture of only wood waste, clean lumber, and/or yard waste.

§ 60.2815

What are my requirements for meeting increments of progress and achieving final compliance?

If you plan to achieve compliance more than 1 year following the effective date of state plan approval, you must meet the two increments of progress specified in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section:

(a) Submit a final control plan; and

(b) Achieve final compliance.

§ 60.2820

When must I complete each increment of progress?

Table 1 of this subpart specifies compliance dates for each of the increments of progress.

§ 60.2825

What must I include in the notifications of achievement of increments of progress?

Your notification of achievement of increments of progress must include the three items described in paragraphs (a) through (c) of this section:

(a) Notification that the increment of progress has been achieved;

(b) Any items required to be submitted with each increment of progress (see § 60.2840); and

(c) Signature of the owner or operator of the incinerator.

§ 60.2830

When must I submit the notifications of achievement of increments of progress?

Notifications for achieving increments of progress must be postmarked no later than 10 business days after the compliance date for the increment.

§ 60.2835

What if I do not meet an increment of progress?

If you fail to meet an increment of progress, you must submit a notification to the Administrator postmarked within 10 business days after the date for that increment of progress in table 1 of this subpart. You must inform the Administrator that you did not meet the increment, and you must continue to submit reports each subsequent calendar month until the increment of progress is met.

§ 60.2840

How do I comply with the increment of progress for submittal of a control plan?

For your control plan increment of progress, you must satisfy the two requirements specified in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section:

(a) Submit the final control plan, including a description of any devices for air pollution control and any process changes that you will use to comply with the emission limitations and other requirements of this subpart; and

(b) Maintain an onsite copy of the final control plan.

§ 60.2845

How do I comply with the increment of progress for achieving final compliance?

For the final compliance increment of progress, you must complete all process changes and retrofit construction of control devices, as specified in the final control plan, so that, if the affected incinerator is brought online, all necessary process changes and air pollution control devices would operate as designed.

§ 60.2850

What must I do if I close my air curtain incinerator and then restart it?

(a) If you close your incinerator but will reopen it prior to the final compliance date in your state plan, you must meet the increments of progress specified in § 60.2815.

(b) If you close your incinerator but will restart it after your final compliance date, you must complete emission control retrofits and meet the emission limitations on the date your incinerator restarts operation.

§ 60.2855

What must I do if I plan to permanently close my air curtain incinerator and not restart it?

If you plan to close your incinerator rather than comply with the state plan, submit a closure notification, including the date of closure, to the Administrator by the date your final control plan is due.

§ 60.2860

What are the emission limitations for air curtain incinerators?

After the date the initial stack test is required or completed (whichever is earlier), you must meet the limitations in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section:

(a) Maintain opacity to less than or equal to 10 percent opacity (as determined by the average of three 1-hour blocks consisting of ten 6-minute average opacity values), except as described in paragraph (b) of this section; and

(b) Maintain opacity to less than or equal to 35 percent opacity (as determined by the average of three 1-hour blocks consisting of ten 6-minute average opacity values) during the startup period that is within the first 30 minutes of operation.

§ 60.2865

How must I monitor opacity for air curtain incinerators?

(a) Use Method 9 of appendix A of this part to determine compliance with the opacity limitation.

(b) Conduct an initial test for opacity as specified in § 60.8 no later than 180 days after your final compliance date.

(c) After the initial test for opacity, conduct annual tests no more than 12 calendar months following the date of your previous test.

§ 60.2870

What are the recordkeeping and reporting requirements for air curtain incinerators?

(a) Keep records of results of all initial and annual opacity tests onsite in either paper copy or electronic format, unless the Administrator approves another format, for at least 5 years.

(b) Make all records available for submittal to the Administrator or for an inspector's onsite review.

(c) Submit an initial report no later than 60 days following the initial opacity test that includes the information specified in paragraphs (c)(1) and (2) of this section:

(1) The types of materials you plan to combust in your air curtain incinerator; and

(2) The results (as determined by the average of three 1-hour blocks consisting of ten 6-minute average opacity values) of the initial opacity tests.

(d) Submit annual opacity test results within 12 months following the previous report.

(e) Submit initial and annual opacity test reports as electronic or paper copy on or before the applicable submittal date and keep a copy onsite for a period of 5 years.

Model Rule—Definitions

§ 60.2875

What definitions must I know?

Terms used but not defined in this subpart are defined in the Clean Air Act and subparts A and B of this part.

30-day rolling average means the arithmetic mean of the previous 720 hours of valid operating data. Valid data excludes periods when this unit is not operating. The 720 hours should be consecutive, but not necessarily continuous if operations are intermittent.

Administrator means the Administrator of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency or his/her authorized representative or Administrator of a State Air Pollution Control Agency.

Agricultural waste means vegetative agricultural materials such as nut and grain hulls and chaff (e.g., almond, walnut, peanut, rice, and wheat), bagasse, orchard prunings, corn stalks, coffee bean hulls and grounds, and other vegetative waste materials generated as a result of agricultural operations.

Air curtain incinerator means an incinerator that operates by forcefully projecting a curtain of air across an open chamber or pit in which combustion occurs. Incinerators of this type can be constructed above or below ground and with or without refractory walls and floor. (Air curtain incinerators are not to be confused with conventional combustion devices with enclosed fireboxes and controlled air technology such as mass burn, modular, and fluidized bed combustors.)

Annual heat input means the heat input for the 12 months preceding the compliance demonstration.

Auxiliary fuel means natural gas, liquified petroleum gas, fuel oil, or diesel fuel.

Average annual heat input rate means annual heat input divided by the hours of operation for the 12 months preceding the compliance demonstration.

Bag leak detection system means an instrument that is capable of monitoring particulate matter loadings in the exhaust of a fabric filter (i.e., baghouse) in order to detect bag failures. A bag leak detection system includes, but is not limited to, an instrument that operates on triboelectric, light scattering, light transmittance, or other principle to monitor relative particulate matter loadings.

Burn-off oven means any rack reclamation unit, part reclamation unit, or drum reclamation unit. A burn-off oven is not an incinerator, waste-burning kiln, an energy recovery unit or a small, remote incinerator under this subpart.

Bypass stack means a device used for discharging combustion gases to avoid severe damage to the air pollution control device or other equipment.

Calendar quarter means three consecutive months (nonoverlapping) beginning on: January 1, April 1, July 1, or October 1.

Calendar year means 365 consecutive days starting on January 1 and ending on December 31.

CEMS data during startup and shutdown means the following:

(1) For incinerators and small remote incinerators: CEMS data collected during the first hours of operation of a CISWI unit startup from a cold start until waste is fed into the unit and the hours of operation following the cessation of waste material being fed to the CISWI unit during a unit shutdown. For each startup event, the length of time that CEMS data may be claimed as being CEMS data during startup must be 48 operating hours or less. For each shutdown event, the length of time that CEMS data may be claimed as being CEMS data during shutdown must be 24 operating hours or less;

(2) For energy recovery units: CEMS data collected during the startup or shutdown periods of operation. Startup begins with either the first-ever firing of fuel in a boiler or process heater for the purpose of supplying useful thermal energy (such as steam or heat) for heating, cooling or process purposes, or producing electricity, or the firing of fuel in a boiler or process heater for any purpose after a shutdown event. Startup ends four hours after when the boiler or process heater makes useful thermal energy (such as heat or steam) for heating, cooling, or process purposes, or generates electricity, whichever is earlier. Shutdown begins when the boiler or process heater no longer makes useful thermal energy (such as heat or steam) for heating, cooling, or process purposes and/or generates electricity or when no fuel is being fed to the boiler or process heater, whichever is earlier. Shutdown ends when the boiler or process heater no longer makes useful thermal energy (such as steam or heat) for heating, cooling, or process purposes and/or generates electricity, and no fuel is being combusted in the boiler or process heater; and

(3) For waste-burning kilns: CEMS data collected during the periods of kiln operation that do not include normal operations. Startup means the time from when a shutdown kiln first begins firing fuel until it begins producing clinker. Startup begins when a shutdown kiln turns on the induced draft fan and begins firing fuel in the main burner. Startup ends when feed is being continuously introduced into the kiln for at least 120 minutes or when the feed rate exceeds 60 percent of the kiln design limitation rate, whichever occurs first. Shutdown means the cessation of kiln operation. Shutdown begins when feed to the kiln is halted and ends when continuous kiln rotation ceases.

Chemical recovery unit means combustion units burning materials to recover chemical constituents or to produce chemical compounds where there is an existing commercial market for such recovered chemical constituents or compounds. A chemical recovery unit is not an incinerator, a waste-burning kiln, an energy recovery unit or a small, remote incinerator under this subpart. The following seven types of units are considered chemical recovery units:

(1) Units burning only pulping liquors (i.e., black liquor) that are reclaimed in a pulping liquor recovery process and reused in the pulping process;

(2) Units burning only spent sulfuric acid used to produce virgin sulfuric acid;

(3) Units burning only wood or coal feedstock for the production of charcoal;

(4) Units burning only manufacturing byproduct streams/residue containing catalyst metals that are reclaimed and reused as catalysts or used to produce commercial grade catalysts;

(5) Units burning only coke to produce purified carbon monoxide that is used as an intermediate in the production of other chemical compounds;

(6) Units burning only hydrocarbon liquids or solids to produce hydrogen, carbon monoxide, synthesis gas, or other gases for use in other manufacturing processes; and

(7) Units burning only photographic film to recover silver.

Chemotherapeutic waste means waste material resulting from the production or use of antineoplastic agents used for the purpose of stopping or reversing the growth of malignant cells.

Clean lumber means wood or wood products that have been cut or shaped and include wet, air-dried, and kiln-dried wood products. Clean lumber does not include wood products that have been painted, pigment-stained, or pressure-treated by compounds such as chromate copper arsenate, pentachlorophenol, and creosote.

Commercial and industrial solid waste incineration (CISWI) unit means any distinct operating unit of any commercial or industrial facility that combusts, or has combusted in the preceding 6 months, any solid waste as that term is defined in 40 CFR part 241. If the operating unit burns materials other than traditional fuels as defined in § 241.2 that have been discarded, and you do not keep and produce records as required by § 60.2740(u), the operating unit is a CISWI unit. While not all CISWI units will include all of the following components, a CISWI unit includes, but is not limited to, the solid waste feed system, grate system, flue gas system, waste heat recovery equipment, if any, and bottom ash system. The CISWI unit does not include air pollution control equipment or the stack. The CISWI unit boundary starts at the solid waste hopper (if applicable) and extends through two areas: The combustion unit flue gas system, which ends immediately after the last combustion chamber or after the waste heat recovery equipment, if any; and the combustion unit bottom ash system, which ends at the truck loading station or similar equipment that transfers the ash to final disposal. The CISWI unit includes all ash handling systems connected to the bottom ash handling system.

Contained gaseous material means gases that are in a container when that container is combusted.

Continuous emission monitoring system (CEMS) means the total equipment that may be required to meet the data acquisition and availability requirements of this subpart, used to sample, condition (if applicable), analyze, and provide a record of emissions.

Continuous monitoring system (CMS) means the total equipment, required under the emission monitoring sections in applicable subparts, used to sample and condition (if applicable), to analyze, and to provide a permanent record of emissions or process parameters. A particulate matter continuous parameter monitoring system (PM CPMS) is a type of CMS.

Cyclonic burn barrel means a combustion device for waste materials that is attached to a 55 gallon, open-head drum. The device consists of a lid, which fits onto and encloses the drum, and a blower that forces combustion air into the drum in a cyclonic manner to enhance the mixing of waste material and air. A cyclonic burn barrel is not an incinerator, a waste-burning kiln, an energy recovery unit or a small, remote incinerator under this subpart.

Deviation means any instance in which an affected source subject to this subpart, or an owner or operator of such a source:

(1) Fails to meet any requirement or obligation established by this subpart, including but not limited to any emission limitation, operating limit, or operator qualification and accessibility requirements; and

(2) Fails to meet any term or condition that is adopted to implement an applicable requirement in this subpart and that is included in the operating permit for any affected source required to obtain such a permit.

Dioxins/furans means tetra-through octachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans.

Discard means, for purposes of this subpart and 40 CFR part 60, subpart DDDD, only, burned in an incineration unit without energy recovery.

Drum reclamation unit means a unit that burns residues out of drums (e.g., 55 gallon drums) so that the drums can be reused.

Dry scrubber means an add-on air pollution control system that injects dry alkaline sorbent (dry injection) or sprays an alkaline sorbent (spray dryer) to react with and neutralize acid gas in the exhaust stream forming a dry powder material. Sorbent injection systems in fluidized bed boilers and process heaters are included in this definition. A dry scrubber is a dry control system.

Energy recovery means the process of recovering thermal energy from combustion for useful purposes such as steam generation or process heating.

Energy recovery unit means a combustion unit combusting solid waste (as that term is defined by the Administrator in 40 CFR part 241) for energy recovery. Energy recovery units include units that would be considered boilers and process heaters if they did not combust solid waste.

Energy recovery unit designed to burn biomass (Biomass) means an energy recovery unit that burns solid waste, biomass, and non-coal solid materials but less than 10 percent coal, on a heat input basis on an annual average, either alone or in combination with liquid waste, liquid fuel or gaseous fuels.

Energy recovery unit designed to burn coal (Coal) means an energy recovery unit that burns solid waste and at least 10 percent coal on a heat input basis on an annual average, either alone or in combination with liquid waste, liquid fuel or gaseous fuels.

Energy recovery unit designed to burn liquid waste materials and gas (Liquid/gas) means an energy recovery unit that burns a liquid waste with liquid or gaseous fuels not combined with any solid fuel or waste materials.

Energy recovery unit designed to burn solid materials (Solids) includes energy recovery units designed to burn coal and energy recovery units designed to burn biomass

Fabric filter means an add-on air pollution control device used to capture particulate matter by filtering gas streams through filter media, also known as a baghouse.

Foundry sand thermal reclamation unit means a type of part reclamation unit that removes coatings that are on foundry sand. A foundry sand thermal reclamation unit is not an incinerator, a waste-burning kiln, an energy recovery unit or a small, remote incinerator under this subpart.

Incinerator means any furnace used in the process of combusting solid waste (as that term is defined by the Administrator in 40 CFR part 241) for the purpose of reducing the volume of the waste by removing combustible matter. Incinerator designs include single chamber and two-chamber.

In-line coal mill means those coal mills using kiln exhaust gases in their process. Coal mills with a heat source other than the kiln or coal mills using exhaust gases from the clinker cooler alone are not an in-line coal mill.

In-line kiln/raw mill means a system in a Portland Cement production process where a dry kiln system is integrated with the raw mill so that all or a portion of the kiln exhaust gases are used to perform the drying operation of the raw mill, with no auxiliary heat source used. In this system the kiln is capable of operating without the raw mill operating, but the raw mill cannot operate without the kiln gases, and consequently, the raw mill does not generate a separate exhaust gas stream.

Kiln means an oven or furnace, including any associated preheater or precalciner devices, in-line raw mills, in-line coal mills or alkali bypasses used for processing a substance by burning, firing or drying. Kilns include cement kilns that produce clinker by heating limestone and other materials for subsequent production of Portland Cement. Because the alkali bypass, in-line raw mill and in-line coal mill are considered an integral part of the kiln, the kiln emissions limits also apply to the exhaust of the alkali bypass, in-line raw mill and in-line coal mill.

Laboratory analysis unit means units that burn samples of materials for the purpose of chemical or physical analysis. A laboratory analysis unit is not an incinerator, waste-burning kiln, an energy recovery unit or a small, remote incinerator under this subpart.

Load fraction means the actual heat input of an energy recovery unit divided by heat input during the performance test that established the minimum sorbent injection rate or minimum activated carbon injection rate, expressed as a fraction (e.g., for 50 percent load the load fraction is 0.5).

Low-level radioactive waste means waste material which contains radioactive nuclides emitting primarily beta or gamma radiation, or both, in concentrations or quantities that exceed applicable federal or state standards for unrestricted release. Low-level radioactive waste is not high-level radioactive waste, spent nuclear fuel, or by-product material as defined by the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2014(e)(2)).

Malfunction means any sudden, infrequent, and not reasonably preventable failure of air pollution control equipment, process equipment, or a process to operate in a normal or usual manner. Failures that are caused, in part, by poor maintenance or careless operation are not malfunctions.

Minimum voltage or amperage means 90 percent of the lowest test-run average voltage or amperage to the electrostatic precipitator measured during the most recent particulate matter or mercury performance test demonstrating compliance with the applicable emission limits.

Modification or modified CISWI unit means a CISWI unit that has been changed later than August 7, 2013, and that meets one of two criteria:

(1) The cumulative cost of the changes over the life of the unit exceeds 50 percent of the original cost of building and installing the CISWI unit (not including the cost of land) updated to current costs (current dollars). To determine what systems are within the boundary of the CISWI unit used to calculate these costs, see the definition of CISWI unit; and

(2) Any physical change in the CISWI unit or change in the method of operating it that increases the amount of any air pollutant emitted for which section 129 or section 111 of the Clean Air Act has established standards.

Municipal solid waste or municipal-type solid waste means household, commercial/retail, or institutional waste. Household waste includes material discarded by residential dwellings, hotels, motels, and other similar permanent or temporary housing. Commercial/retail waste includes material discarded by stores, offices, restaurants, warehouses, nonmanufacturing activities at industrial facilities, and other similar establishments or facilities. Institutional waste includes materials discarded by schools, by hospitals (nonmedical), by nonmanufacturing activities at prisons and government facilities, and other similar establishments or facilities. Household, commercial/retail, and institutional waste does include yard waste and refuse-derived fuel. Household, commercial/retail, and institutional waste does not include used oil; sewage sludge; wood pallets; construction, renovation, and demolition wastes (which include railroad ties and telephone poles); clean wood; industrial process or manufacturing wastes; medical waste; or motor vehicles (including motor vehicle parts or vehicle fluff).

Opacity means the degree to which emissions reduce the transmission of light and obscure the view of an object in the background.

Operating day means a 24-hour period between 12:00 midnight and the following midnight during which any amount of solid waste is combusted at any time in the CISWI unit.

Oxygen analyzer system means all equipment required to determine the oxygen content of a gas stream and used to monitor oxygen in the boiler or process heater flue gas, boiler/process heater, firebox, or other appropriate location. This definition includes oxygen trim systems and certified oxygen CEMS. The source owner or operator is responsible to install, calibrate, maintain, and operate the oxygen analyzer system in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations.

Oxygen trim system means a system of monitors that is used to maintain excess air at the desired level in a combustion device over its operating range. A typical system consists of a flue gas oxygen and/or carbon monoxide monitor that automatically provides a feedback signal to the combustion air controller or draft controller.

Part reclamation unit means a unit that burns coatings off parts (e.g., tools, equipment) so that the parts can be reconditioned and reused.

Particulate matter means total particulate matter emitted from CISWI units as measured by Method 5 or Method 29 of appendix A of this part.

Pathological waste means waste material consisting of only human or animal remains, anatomical parts, and/or tissue, the bags/containers used to collect and transport the waste material, and animal bedding (if applicable).

Performance evaluation means the conduct of relative accuracy testing, calibration error testing, and other measurements used in validating the continuous monitoring system data.

Performance test means the collection of data resulting from the execution of a test method (usually three emission test runs) used to demonstrate compliance with a relevant emission standard as specified in the performance test section of the relevant standard.

Process change means any of the following physical or operational changes:

(1) A physical change (maintenance activities excluded) to the CISWI unit which may increase the emission rate of any air pollutant to which a standard applies;

(2) An operational change to the CISWI unit where a new type of non-hazardous secondary material is being combusted;

(3) A physical change (maintenance activities excluded) to the air pollution control devices used to comply with the emission limits for the CISWI unit (e.g., replacing an electrostatic precipitator with a fabric filter); and

(4) An operational change to the air pollution control devices used to comply with the emission limits for the affected CISWI unit (e.g., change in the sorbent injection rate used for activated carbon injection).

Rack reclamation unit means a unit that burns the coatings off racks used to hold small items for application of a coating. The unit burns the coating overspray off the rack so the rack can be reused.

Raw mill means a ball or tube mill, vertical roller mill or other size reduction equipment, that is not part of an in-line kiln/raw mill, used to grind feed to the appropriate size. Moisture may be added or removed from the feed during the grinding operation. If the raw mill is used to remove moisture from feed materials, it is also, by definition, a raw material dryer. The raw mill also includes the air separator associated with the raw mill.

Reconstruction means rebuilding a CISWI unit and meeting two criteria:

(1) The reconstruction begins on or after August 7, 2013; and

(2) The cumulative cost of the construction over the life of the incineration unit exceeds 50 percent of the original cost of building and installing the CISWI unit (not including land) updated to current costs (current dollars). To determine what systems are within the boundary of the CISWI unit used to calculate these costs, see the definition of CISWI unit.

Refuse-derived fuel means a type of municipal solid waste produced by processing municipal solid waste through shredding and size classification. This includes all classes of refuse-derived fuel including two fuels:

(1) Low-density fluff refuse-derived fuel through densified refuse-derived fuel; and

(2) Pelletized refuse-derived fuel.

Responsible official means one of the following:

(1) For a corporation: A president, secretary, treasurer, or vice-president of the corporation in charge of a principal business function, or any other person who performs similar policy or decision-making functions for the corporation, or a duly authorized representative of such person if the representative is responsible for the overall operation of one or more manufacturing, production, or operating facilities applying for or subject to a permit and either:

(i) The facilities employ more than 250 persons or have gross annual sales or expenditures exceeding $25 million (in second quarter 1980 dollars); or

(ii) The delegation of authority to such representatives is approved in advance by the permitting authority;

(2) For a partnership or sole proprietorship: a general partner or the proprietor, respectively;

(3) For a municipality, state, federal, or other public agency: Either a principal executive officer or ranking elected official. For the purposes of this part, a principal executive officer of a Federal agency includes the chief executive officer having responsibility for the overall operations of a principal geographic unit of the agency (e.g., a Regional Administrator of EPA); or

(4) For affected facilities:

(i) The designated representative in so far as actions, standards, requirements, or prohibitions under Title IV of the Clean Air Act or the regulations promulgated thereunder are concerned; or

(ii) The designated representative for any other purposes under part 60.

Shutdown means, for incinerators and small, remote incinerators, the period of time after all waste has been combusted in the primary chamber.

Small, remote incinerator means an incinerator that combusts solid waste (as that term is defined by the Administrator in 40 CFR part 241) and combusts 3 tons per day or less solid waste and is more than 25 miles driving distance to the nearest municipal solid waste landfill.

Soil treatment unit means a unit that thermally treats petroleum-contaminated soils for the sole purpose of site remediation. A soil treatment unit may be direct-fired or indirect fired. A soil treatment unit is not an incinerator, a waste-burning kiln, an energy recovery unit or a small, remote incinerator under this subpart.

Solid waste means the term solid waste as defined in 40 CFR 241.2.

Solid waste incineration unit means a distinct operating unit of any facility which combusts any solid waste (as that term is defined by the Administrator in 40 CFR part 241) material from commercial or industrial establishments or the general public (including single and multiple residences, hotels and motels). Such term does not include incinerators or other units required to have a permit under section 3005 of the Solid Waste Disposal Act. The term “solid waste incineration unit” does not include:

(1) Materials recovery facilities (including primary or secondary smelters) which combust waste for the primary purpose of recovering metals;

(2) Qualifying small power production facilities, as defined in section 3(17)(C) of the Federal Power Act (16 U.S.C. 769(17)(C)), or qualifying cogeneration facilities, as defined in section 3(18)(B) of the Federal Power Act (16 U.S.C. 796(18)(B)), which burn homogeneous waste (such as units which burn tires or used oil, but not including refuse-derived fuel) for the production of electric energy or in the case of qualifying cogeneration facilities which burn homogeneous waste for the production of electric energy and steam or forms of useful energy (such as heat) which are used for industrial, commercial, heating or cooling purposes; or

(3) Air curtain incinerators provided that such incinerators only burn wood wastes, yard wastes and clean lumber and that such air curtain incinerators comply with opacity limitations to be established by the Administrator by rule.

Space heater means a unit that meets the requirements of 40 CFR 279.23. A space heater is not an incinerator, a waste-burning kiln, an energy recovery unit or a small, remote incinerator under this subpart.

Standard conditions, when referring to units of measure, means a temperature of 68 °F (20 °C) and a pressure of 1 atmosphere (101.3 kilopascals).

Startup period means, for incinerators and small, remote incinerators, the period of time between the activation of the system and the first charge to the unit.

Useful thermal energy means energy (i.e., steam, hot water, or process heat) that meets the minimum operating temperature and/or pressure required by any energy use system that uses energy provided by the affected energy recovery unit.

Waste-burning kiln means a kiln that is heated, in whole or in part, by combusting solid waste (as the term is defined by the Administrator in 40 CFR part 241). Secondary materials used in Portland cement kilns shall not be deemed to be combusted unless they are introduced into the flame zone in the hot end of the kiln or mixed with the precalciner fuel.

Wet scrubber means an add-on air pollution control device that uses an aqueous or alkaline scrubbing liquor to collect particulate matter (including nonvaporous metals and condensed organics) and/or to absorb and neutralize acid gases.

Wood waste means untreated wood and untreated wood products, including tree stumps (whole or chipped), trees, tree limbs (whole or chipped), bark, sawdust, chips, scraps, slabs, millings, and shavings. Wood waste does not include:

(1) Grass, grass clippings, bushes, shrubs, and clippings from bushes and shrubs from residential, commercial/retail, institutional, or industrial sources as part of maintaining yards or other private or public lands;

(2) Construction, renovation, or demolition wastes; or

(3) Clean lumber.

Table 1 to Subpart DDDD of Part 60—Model Rule—Increments of Progress and Compliance Schedules

Comply with these increments of progress	By these dates 1
Increment 1—Submit final control plan	(Dates to be specified in state plan).
Increment 2—Final compliance	(Dates to be specified in state plan).2
1 Site-specific schedules can be used at the discretion of the state.
2 The date can be no later than 3 years after the effective date of state plan approval or December 1, 2005 for CISWI units that commenced construction on or before November 30, 1999. The date can be no later than 3 years after the effective date of approval of a revised state plan or February 7, 2018, for CISWI units that commenced construction on or before June 4, 2010.

Table 2 to Subpart DDDD of Part 60—Model Rule—Emission Limitations That Apply to Incinerators Before

[Date to be specified in state plan] ²

For the air pollutant	You must meet this emission limitation 1	Using this averaging time	And determining compliance using this method
Cadmium	0.004 milligrams per dry standard cubic meter	3-run average (1 hour minimum sample time per run)	Performance test (Method 29 of appendix A of this part).
Carbon monoxide	157 parts per million by dry volume	3-run average (1 hour minimum sample time per run)	Performance test (Method 10, 10A, or 10B, of appendix A of this part).
Dioxins/furans (toxic equivalency basis)	0.41 nanograms per dry standard cubic meter	3-run average (1 hour minimum sample time per run)	Performance test (Method 23 of appendix A of this part).
Hydrogen chloride	62 parts per million by dry volume	3-run average (For Method 26, collect a minimum volume of 120 liters per run. For Method 26A, collect a minimum volume of 1 dry standard cubic meter per run)	Performance test (Method 26 or 26A at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-8).
Lead	0.04 milligrams per dry standard cubic meter	3-run average (1 hour minimum sample time per run)	Performance test (Method 29 of appendix A of this part)
Mercury	0.47 milligrams per dry standard cubic meter	3-run average (1 hour minimum sample time per run)	Performance test (Method 29 or 30B at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-8) or ASTM D6784-02 (Reapproved 2008).3
Opacity	10 percent	Three 1-hour blocks consisting of ten 6-minute average opacity values	Performance test (Method 9 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-4).
Oxides of nitrogen	388 parts per million by dry volume	3-run average (1 hour minimum sample time per run)	Performance test (Methods 7 or 7E at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-4).
Particulate matter	70 milligrams per dry standard cubic meter	3-run average (1 hour minimum sample time per run)	Performance test (Method 5 or 29 of appendix A of this part).
Sulfur dioxide	20 parts per million by dry volume	3-run average (1 hour minimum sample time per run)	Performance test (Method 6 or 6c of appendix A of this part).
1 All emission limitations (except for opacity) are measured at 7 percent oxygen, dry basis at standard conditions.
2 Applies only to incinerators subject to the CISWI standards through a state plan or the Federal plan prior to June 4, 2010. The date specified in the state plan can be no later than 3 years after the effective date of approval of a revised state plan or February 7, 2018.
3 Incorporated by reference, see § 60.17.

Table 3 to Subpart DDDD of Part 60—Model Rule—Operating Limits for Wet Scrubbers

For these operating parameters	You must establish these operating limits	And monitor using these minimum frequencies
		Data measurement	Data recording	Averaging time
Charge rate	Maximum charge rate	Continuous	Every hour	Daily (batch units). 3-hour rolling (continuous and intermittent units).1
Pressure drop across the wet scrubber or amperage to wet scrubber	Minimum pressure drop or amperage	Continuous	Every 15 minutes	3-hour rolling.1
Scrubber liquor flow rate	Minimum flow rate	Continuous	Every 15 minutes	3-hour rolling.1
Scrubber liquor pH	Minimum pH	Continuous	Every 15 minutes	3-hour rolling.1
1 Calculated each hour as the average of the previous 3 operating hours.

Table 4 to Subpart DDDD of Part 60—Model Rule—Toxic Equivalency Factors

Dioxin/furan isomer	Toxic equivalency factor
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin	1
1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin	0.5
1,2,3,4,7,8-hexachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin	0.1
1,2,3,7,8,9-hexachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin	0.1
1,2,3,6,7,8-hexachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin	0.1
1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin	0.01
octachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin	0.001
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorinated dibenzofuran	0.1
2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorinated dibenzofuran	0.5
1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorinated dibenzofuran	0.05
1,2,3,4,7,8-hexachlorinated dibenzofuran	0.1
1,2,3,6,7,8-hexachlorinated dibenzofuran	0.1
1,2,3,7,8,9-hexachlorinated dibenzofuran	0.1
2,3,4,6,7,8-hexachlorinated dibenzofuran	0.1
1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorinated dibenzofuran	0.01
1,2,3,4,7,8,9-heptachlorinated dibenzofuran	0.01
octachlorinated dibenzofuran	0.001

Table 5 to Subpart DDDD of Part 60—Model Rule—Summary of Reporting Requirements ¹

Report	Due date	Contents	Reference
Waste Management Plan	No later than the date specified in table 1 for submittal of the final control plan	• Waste management plan	§ 60.2755.
Initial Test Report	No later than 60 days following the initial performance test	• Complete test report for the initial performance test • The values for the site-specific operating limits • Installation of bag leak detection systems for fabric filters	§ 60.2760.
Annual report	No later than 12 months following the submission of the initial test report. Subsequent reports are to be submitted no more than 12 months following the previous report	• Name and address	§§ 60.2765 and 60.2770.
	• Statement and signature by responsible official • Date of report • Values for the operating limits • Highest recorded 3-hour average and the lowest 3-hour average, as applicable, for each operating parameter recorded for the calendar year being reported • If a performance test was conducted during the reporting period, the results of the test • If a performance test was not conducted during the reporting period, a statement that the requirements of § 60.2720(a) were met • Documentation of periods when all qualified CISWI unit operators were unavailable for more than 8 hours but less than 2 weeks • If you are conducting performance tests once every 3 years consistent with § 60.2720(a), the date of the last 2 performance tests, a comparison of the emission level you achieved in the last 2 performance tests to the 75 percent emission limit threshold required in § 60.2720(a) and a statement as to whether there have been any operational changes since the last performance test that could increase emissions
Emission limitation or operating limit deviation report	By August 1 of that year for data collected during the first half of the calendar year. By February 1 of the following year for data collected during the second half of the calendar year	• Dates and times of deviation • Averaged and recorded data for those dates • Duration and causes of each deviation and the corrective actions taken • Copy of operating limit monitoring data and any test reports	§ 60.2775 and 60.2780.
		• Dates, times and causes for monitor downtime incidents
Qualified Operator Deviation Notification	Within 10 days of deviation	• Statement of cause of deviation • Description of efforts to have an accessible qualified operator	§ 60.2785(a)(1).
		• The date a qualified operator will be accessible
Qualified Operator Deviation Status Report	Every 4 weeks following deviation	• Description of efforts to have an accessible qualified operator • The date a qualified operator will be accessible	§ 60.2785(a)(2).
		• Request for approval to continue operation
Qualified Operator Deviation Notification of Resumed Operation	Prior to resuming operation	• Notification that you are resuming operation	§ 60.2785(b)
1 This table is only a summary, see the referenced sections of the rule for the complete requirements.

Table 6 to Subpart DDDD of Part 60—Model Rule—Emission Limitations That Apply to Incinerators on and After

[Date to be specified in state plan] ¹

For the air pollutant	You must meet this emission limitation 2	Using this averaging time	And determining compliance using this method
Cadmium	0.0026 milligrams per dry standard cubic meter	3-run average (collect a minimum volume of 2 dry standard cubic meters)	Performance test (Method 29 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-8). Use ICPMS for the analytical finish.
Carbon monoxide	17 parts per million dry volume	3-run average (1 hour minimum sample time per run)	Performance test (Method 10 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-4).
Dioxins/furans (total mass basis)	4.6 nanograms per dry standard cubic meter	3-run average (collect a minimum volume of 2 dry standard cubic meters)	Performance test (Method 23 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-7).
Dioxins/furans (toxic equivalency basis)	0.13 nanograms per dry standard cubic meter	3-run average (collect a minimum volume of 2 dry standard cubic meters)	Performance test (Method 23 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-7).
Hydrogen chloride	29 parts per million dry volume	3-run average (For Method 26, collect a minimum volume of 60 liters per run. For Method 26A, collect a minimum volume of 1 dry standard cubic meter per run)	Performance test (Method 26 or 26A at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-8).
Lead	0.015 milligrams per dry standard cubic meter 3	3-run average (collect a minimum volume of 2 dry standard cubic meters)	Performance test (Method 29 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-8). Use ICPMS for the analytical finish.
Mercury	0.0048 milligrams per dry standard cubic meter	3-run average (For Method 29 an ASTM D6784-02 (Reapproved 2008) 4, collect a minimum volume of 2 dry standard cubic meters per run. For Method 30B, collect a minimum sample as specified in Method 30B at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A)	Performance test (Method 29 or 30B at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-8) or ASTM D6784-02 (Reapproved 2008).4
Oxides of nitrogen	53 parts per million dry volume	3-run average (for Method 7E, 1 hour minimum sample time per run)	Performance test (Method 7 or 7E at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-4).
Particulate matter filterable	34 milligrams per dry standard cubic meter	3-run average (collect a minimum volume of 1 dry standard cubic meter)	Performance test (Method 5 or 29 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-3 or appendix A-8).
Sulfur dioxide	11 parts per million dry volume	3-run average (1 hour minimum sample time per run)	Performance test (Method 6 or 6c at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-4).
Fugitive ash	Visible emissions for no more than 5% of the hourly observation period	Three 1-hour observation periods	Visible emission test (Method 22 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-7).
1 The date specified in the state plan can be no later than 3 years after the effective date of approval of a revised state plan or February 7, 2018.
2 All emission limitations are measured at 7 percent oxygen, dry basis at standard conditions. For dioxins/furans, you must meet either the total mass basis limit or the toxic equivalency basis limit.
3 If you are conducting stack tests to demonstrate compliance and your performance tests for this pollutant for at least 2 consecutive years show that your emissions are at or below this limit, you can skip testing according to § 60.2720 if all of the other provisions of § 60.2720 are met. For all other pollutants that do not contain a footnote “3”, your performance tests for this pollutant for at least 2 consecutive years must show that your emissions are at or below 75 percent of this limit in order to qualify for skip testing.
4 Incorporated by reference, see § 60.17.

Table 7 to Subpart DDDD of Part 60—Model Rule—Emission Limitations That Apply to Energy Recovery Units After May 20, 2011

[Date to be specified in state plan] ¹

For the air pollutant	You must meet this emission limitation 2		Using this averaging time	And determining compliance using this method
	Liquid/Gas	Solids
Cadmium	0.023 milligrams per dry standard cubic meter	Biomass—0.0014 milligrams per dry standard cubic meter Coal—0.0017 milligrams per dry standard cubic meter	3-run average (collect a minimum volume of 2 dry standard cubic meters)	Performance test (Method 29 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-8). Use ICPMS for the analytical finish.
Carbon monoxide	35 parts per million dry volume	Biomass—260 parts per million dry volume. Coal—95 parts per million dry volume	3-run average (1 hour minimum sample time per run)	Performance test (Method 10 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-4).
Dioxins/furans (total mass basis)	2.9 nanograms per dry standard cubic meter	Biomass—0.52 nanograms per dry standard cubic meter.3 Coal—5.1 nanograms per dry standard cubic meter	3-run average (collect a minimum volume of 4 dry standard cubic meter)	Performance test (Method 23 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-7).
Dioxins/furans (toxic equivalency basis)	0.32 nanograms per dry standard cubic meter	Biomass—0.12 nanograms per dry standard cubic meter. Coal—0.075 nanograms per dry standard cubic meter3	3-run average (collect a minimum volume of 4 dry standard cubic meters)	Performance test (Method 23 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-7).
Hydrogen chloride	14 parts per million dry volume	Biomass—0.20 parts per million dry volume. Coal—58 parts per million dry volume	3-run average (for Method 26, collect a minimum of 120 liters; for Method 26A, collect a minimum volume of 1 dry standard cubic meter)	Performance test (Method 26 or 26A at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-8).
Lead	0.096 milligrams per dry standard cubic meter	Biomass—0.014 milligrams per dry standard cubic meter.3 Coal—0.057 milligrams per dry standard cubic meter	3-run average (collect a minimum volume of 2 dry standard cubic meters)	Performance test (Method 29 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-8). Use ICPMS for the analytical finish.
Mercury	0.0024 milligrams per dry standard cubic meter	Biomass—0.0022 milligrams per dry standard cubic meter. Coal—0.013 milligrams per dry standard cubic meter	3-run average (For Method 29 and ASTM D6784-02 (Reapproved 2008),4 collect a minimum volume of 2 dry standard cubic meters per run. For Method 30B, collect a minimum sample as specified in Method 30B at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A)	Performance test (Method 29 or 30B at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-8) or ASTM D6784-02 (Reapproved 2008).4
Oxides of nitrogen	76 parts per million dry volume	Biomass—290 parts per million dry volume. Coal—460 parts per million dry volume	3-run average (for Method 7E, 1 hour minimum sample time per run)	Performance test (Method 7 or 7E at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-4).
Particulate matter filterable	110 milligrams per dry standard cubic meter	Biomass—11 milligrams per dry standard cubic meter. Coal—130 milligrams per dry standard cubic meter	3-run average (collect a minimum volume of 1 dry standard cubic meter)	Performance test (Method 5 or 29 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-3 or appendix A-8) if the unit has an annual average heat input rate less than or equal to 250 MMBtu/hr; or PM CPMS (as specified in § 60.2710(x)) if the unit has an annual average heat input rate greater than 250 MMBtu/hr.
Sulfur dioxide	720 parts per million dry volume	Biomass—7.3 parts per million dry volume. Coal—850 parts per million dry volume	3-run average (1 hour minimum sample time per run)	Performance test (Method 6 or 6c at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-4).
Fugitive ash	Visible emissions for no more than 5 percent of the hourly observation period	Visible emissions for no more than 5 percent of the hourly observation period	Three 1-hour observation periods	Visible emission test (Method 22 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-7).
1 The date specified in the state plan can be no later than 3 years after the effective date of approval of a revised state plan or February 7, 2018.
2 All emission limitations (except for opacity) are measured at 7 percent oxygen, dry basis at standard conditions. For dioxins/furans, you must meet either the total mass basis limit or the toxic equivalency basis limit.
3 If you are conducting stack tests to demonstrate compliance and your performance tests for this pollutant for at least 2 consecutive years show that your emissions are at or below this limit, you can skip testing according to § 60.2720 if all of the other provisions of § 60.2720 are met. For all other pollutants that do not contain a footnote “3”, your performance tests for this pollutant for at least 2 consecutive years must show that your emissions are at or below 75 percent of this limit in order to qualify for skip testing, with the exception of annual performance tests to certify a CEMS or PM CPMS.
4 Incorporated by reference, see § 60.17.

Table 8 to Subpart DDDD of Part 60—Model Rule—Emission Limitations That Apply to Waste-Burning Kilns After May 20, 2011

[Date to be specified in state plan.] ¹

For the air pollutant	You must meet this emission limitation 2	Using this averaging time	And determining compliance using this method 4
Cadmium	0.0014 milligrams per dry standard cubic meter 3	3-run average (collect a minimum volume of 2 dry standard cubic meters)	Performance test (Method 29 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-8).
Carbon monoxide	110 (long kilns)/790 (preheater/precalciner) parts per million dry volume	3-run average (1 hour minimum sample time per run)	Performance test (Method 10 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-4).
Dioxins/furans (total mass basis)	1.3 nanograms per dry standard cubic meter	3-run average (collect a minimum volume of 4 dry standard cubic meters)	Performance test (Method 23 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-7).
Dioxins/furans (toxic equivalency basis)	0.075 nanograms per dry standard cubic meter 3	3-run average (collect a minimum volume of 4 dry standard cubic meters)	Performance test (Method 23 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-7).
Hydrogen chloride	3.0 parts per million dry volume 3	3-run average (collect a minimum volume of 1 dry standard cubic meter) or 30-day rolling average if HCl CEMS is being used	Performance test (Method 321 at 40 CFR part 63, appendix A of this part) or HCl CEMS if a wet scrubber or dry scrubber is not used, as specified in § 60.2710(j).
Lead	0.014 milligrams per dry standard cubic meter 3	3-run average (collect a minimum volume of 2 dry standard cubic meters)	Performance test (Method 29 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-8).
Mercury	0.011 milligrams per dry standard cubic meter	30-day rolling average	Mercury CEMS or sorbent trap monitoring system (performance specification 12A or 12B, respectively, of appendix B of this part), as specified in § 60.2710(j).
Oxides of nitrogen	630 parts per million dry volume	3-run average (for Method 7E, 1 hour minimum sample time per run)	Performance test (Method 7 or 7E at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-4).
Particulate matter filterable	13.5 milligrams per dry standard cubic meter	30-day rolling average	PM CPMS (as specified in § 60.2710(x)).
Sulfur dioxide	600 parts per million dry volume	3-run average (for Method 6, collect a minimum of 20 liters; for Method 6C, 1 hour minimum sample time per run)	Performance test (Method 6 or 6c at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-4).
1 The date specified in the state plan can be no later than 3 years after the effective date of approval of a revised state plan or February 7, 2018.
2 All emission limitations are measured at 7 percent oxygen (except for CEMS data during startup and shutdown), dry basis at standard conditions. For dioxins/furans, you must meet either the total mass basis limit or the toxic equivalency basis limit.
3 If you are conducting stack tests to demonstrate compliance and your performance tests for this pollutant for at least 2 consecutive years show that your emissions are at or below this limit, you can skip testing according to § 60.2720 if all of the other provisions of § 60.2720 are met. For all other pollutants that do not contain a footnote “3”, your performance tests for this pollutant for at least 2 consecutive years must show that your emissions are at or below 75 percent of this limit in order to qualify for skip testing, with the exception of annual performance tests to certify a CEMS or PM CPMS.
4 Alkali bypass and in-line coal mill stacks are subject to performance testing only, as specified in 60.2710(y)(3). They are not be subject to the CEMS, sorbent trap or CPMS requirements that otherwise may apply to the main kiln exhaust.

Table 9 to Subpart DDDD of Part 60—Model Rule—Emission Limitations That Apply to Small, Remote Incinerators After May 20, 2011

[Date to be specified in state plan] ¹

For the air pollutant	You must meet this emission limitation 2	Using this averaging time	And determining compliance using this method
Cadmium	0.95 milligrams per dry standard cubic meter	3-run average (collect a minimum volume of 1 dry standard cubic meters per run)	Performance test (Method 29 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-8).
Carbon monoxide	64 parts per million dry volume	3-run average (1 hour minimum sample time per run)	Performance test (Method 10 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-4).
Dioxins/furans (total mass basis)	4,400 nanograms per dry standard cubic meter	3-run average (collect a minimum volume of 1 dry standard cubic meters per run)	Performance test (Method 23 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-7).
Dioxins/furans (toxic equivalency basis)	180 nanograms per dry standard cubic meter	3-run average (collect a minimum volume of 1 dry standard cubic meters)	Performance test (Method 23 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-7).
Fugitive ash	Visible emissions for no more than 5 percent of the hourly observation period	Three 1-hour observation periods	Visible emissions test (Method 22 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-7).
Hydrogen chloride	300 parts per million dry volume	3-run average (For Method 26, collect a minimum volume of 120 liters per run. For Method 26A, collect a minimum volume of 1 dry standard cubic meter per run)	Performance test (Method 26 or 26A at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-8).
Lead	2.1 milligrams per dry standard cubic meter	3-run average (collect a minimum volume of 1 dry standard cubic meters)	Performance test (Method 29 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-8). Use ICPMS for the analytical finish.
Mercury	0.0053 milligrams per dry standard cubic meter	3-run average (For Method 29 and ASTM D6784-02 (Reapproved 2008),3 collect a minimum volume of 2 dry standard cubic meters per run. For Method 30B, collect a minimum sample as specified in Method 30B at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A)	Performance test (Method 29 or 30B at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-8) or ASTM D6784-02 (Reapproved 2008).3
Oxides of nitrogen	190 parts per million dry volume	3-run average (for Method 7E, 1 hour minimum sample time per run)	Performance test (Method 7 or 7E at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-4).
Particulate matter (filterable)	270 milligrams per dry standard cubic meter	3-run average (collect a minimum volume of 1 dry standard cubic meters)	Performance test (Method 5 or 29 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-3 or appendix A-8).
Sulfur dioxide	150 parts per million dry volume	3-run average (for Method 6, collect a minimum of 20 liters per run; for Method 6C, 1 hour minimum sample time per run)	Performance test (Method 6 or 6c at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-4).
1 The date specified in the state plan can be no later than 3 years after the effective date of approval of a revised state plan or February 7, 2018.
2 All emission limitations (except for opacity) are measured at 7 percent oxygen, dry basis at standard conditions. For dioxins/furans, you must meet either the total mass basis limit or the toxic equivalency basis limit.
3 Incorporated by reference, see § 60.17.

Footnotes

1.  Stack oxygen data must still be measured during these periods, but since a correction to stack oxygen essentially means multiplying the measured concentration by 1, the concentration value measured at stack oxygen is used to calculate average concentrations.

2.  See the “2013 revision of the Part 75 Emissions Policy Manual” accessed August 18, 2015 at http://www.epa.gov/​airmarkets/​documents/​monitoring/​Final-Part75-Policy-Manual-2013-revised-08-27-13.pdf.

3.  The 15 test average number discussed in the January 21, 2015 proposal was not a “bright line” value used to establish a possible threshold for when test runs versus test averages may be selected. Rather, this number was an illustrative number that was being discussed as an example in internal EPA discussions at the time the proposal was being written.

4.  Although this data set is smaller than that for existing sources, the EPA does not consider the new source data set to be a small or limited data set.

5.  Chevron U.S.A. v. NRDC, 467 U.S. 837 (1984).